treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in hiv-infected patients: a randomized trial comparing meglumine antimoniate with amphotericin b. spanish hiv-leishmania study group.

NLM AIDSLINE Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial comparing meglumine antimoniate with amphotericin B. Spanish HIV-Leishmania Study Group. Laguna F; Lopez-Velez R; Pulido F; Salas A; Torre-Cisneros J; Torres E;
November 30, 1999

AIDS. 1999 Jun 18;13(9):1063-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis is common in patients with HIV infection living in endemic areas, but the most effective and safe treatment remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of meglumine antimoniate versus amphotericin B in HIV-infected patients with first episodes of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). DESIGN: An open, multicentre, prospective and randomized trial. SETTING: Twelve tertiary hospitals. PATIENTS: Eighty-nine consecutive HIV-infected patients diagnosed with VL. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either meglumine antimoniate (20 mg pentavalent antimony per kilogram of body weight per day) or amphotericin B (0.7 mg/kg per day) both for 28 days. Treatment was considered successful if a bone marrow aspirate performed 1 month after the end of therapy did not detect parasites. Relapse was defined as the reappearance of parasites after an initial cure. RESULTS: An initial cure was attained in 29 of 44 patients (65.9%) randomly assigned to treatment with meglumine antimoniate and 28 of 45 (62.2%) randomly assigned to treatment with amphotericin B. The incidence of moderate to severe adverse events was similar in both groups. The patients treated with meglumine antimoniate had higher incidences of cardiotoxicity (14 versus 0%, P = 0.02) and chemical pancreatitis (30 versus 0%, P < 0.01). However, in the amphotericin B group, nephrotoxicity was more frequent (36 versus 5%, P < 0.01). There was no difference in survival or relapse-free interval according to the allocated group of therapy. CONCLUSION: Treatment of VL with meglumine antimoniate or amphotericin B was shown to have similar efficacy and toxicity rates in Spanish HIV-infected patients. The differences in the toxicity patterns could be useful in choosing one of these agents as first-line treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE MULTICENTER STUDY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL Adult Amphotericin B/THERAPEUTIC USE Animal Antiprotozoal Agents/ADVERSE EFFECTS/THERAPEUTIC USE AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/DRUG THERAPY/PARASITOLOGY Comparative Study Female Human Leishmania/ISOLATION & PURIF Leishmaniasis, Visceral/DRUG THERAPY/PARASITOLOGY Male Meglumine/ADVERSE EFFECTS/THERAPEUTIC USE Middle Age Organometallic Compounds/ADVERSE EFFECTS/THERAPEUTIC USE Prospective Studies Spain Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Treatment Outcome

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Information in this article was accurate in November 30, 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date. This material is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor. Always discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in treating HIV.