analysis of the th1/th2 paradigm in transplantation: interferon-gamma deficiency converts th1-type proislet allograft rejection to a th2-type xenograft-like response.

NLM AIDSLINE Analysis of the Th1/Th2 paradigm in transplantation: interferon-gamma deficiency converts Th1-type proislet allograft rejection to a Th2-type xenograft-like response. Simeonovic CJ; Townsend MJ; Karupiah G; Wilson JD; Zarb JC; Mann DA;
December 30, 1999

Cell Transplant. 1999 Jul-Aug;8(4):365-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE The rejection mechanisms for fetal proislet allografts and pig proislet xenografts in mice are characterized by different intragraft cytokine mRNA profiles and cellular responses. Allograft rejection is predominantly CD8 T-cell-dependent and is associated with a Th1-type cytokine pattern (i.e., IFN-gamma, IL-2 but no IL-4 or IL-5 mRNA). In contrast, xenograft rejection is CD4 T-cell-dependent and is accompanied by a strong Th2-type response (i.e., enhanced expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA) and by marked eosinophil accumulation at the graft site. We have now examined and compared the regulatory role of IFN-gamma in both proislet allograft and xenograft rejection processes. The histopathology and intragraft cytokine mRNA profile of BALB/c (H-2d) proislet allografts were examined in IFN-gamma-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6J recipient mice. The survival of pig proislet xenografts was also assessed in IFN-gamma -/- and wild-type hosts. Both proislet allografts and xenografts were acutely rejected in IFN-gamma -/- and wild-type mice. Unlike the conventional allograft reaction, which lacks eosinophil infiltration, the rejection of proislet allografts in IFN-gamma-deficient hosts correlated with intragraft expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA (i.e., a Th2-type response) and eosinophil recruitment. The rejection of proislet allografts and xenografts can therefore occur by IFN-gamma-independent pathways; IFN-gamma, however, regulates the pathology of the allograft reaction but not the xenograft response. The immune destruction of proislet allografts is not prevented by Th2 cytokine gene expression; instead, the latter correlated with the recruitment of unconventional inflammatory cells (eosinophils), which may play an accessory role in effecting graft injury. Significantly, the Th1-to-Th2-like switch resulted in the novel conversion of an allograft rejection reaction into a xenograft-like rejection process. JOURNAL ARTICLE Acute Disease Animal Comparative Study DNA Probes Female Gene Expression/IMMUNOLOGY Graft Rejection/IMMUNOLOGY Interferon Type II/GENETICS Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/IMMUNOLOGY Male Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout RNA, Messenger/GENETICS Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Swine Th1 Cells/IMMUNOLOGY Th2 Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY Transcription, Genetic/IMMUNOLOGY Transplantation, Heterologous Transplantation, Homologous

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Information in this article was accurate in December 30, 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date. This material is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor. Always discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in treating HIV.