We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 51 patients with primary nontyphoid salmonella (NTS) bacteremia who did not have AIDS and who had no history of gastroenteritis and no other identified source of infection. We compared these patients with 58 patients who developed secondary NTS bacteremia following an episode of gastroenteritis. The following characteristics were more frequently associated with primary NTS bacteremia than with secondary NTS bacteremia: age > 60 years (51% vs. 33%; P < .05), glucocorticoid therapy (41% vs. 13%; P < .01), and severe immunosuppression (65% vs. 14%; P < .01). More patients with primary NTS bacteremia had hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and connective-tissue diseases; in eight cases, primary NTS bacteremia occurred simultaneously with or preceded these disorders. We suggest that the possibility of severe immunosuppression be investigated for patients with salmonella bacteremia who have not had or do not have gastroenteritis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adolescence Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Bacteremia/ETIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY Child Child, Preschool Comparative Study Female Gastroenteritis/COMPLICATIONS/*IMMUNOLOGY Human *Immunocompromised Host Infant Male Middle Age Opportunistic Infections/ETIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY Retrospective Studies Salmonella/CLASSIFICATION Salmonella Infections/ETIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY JOURNAL ARTICLE

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