The concept of a topical formulation to prevent sexual transmission of HIV began with studies of Nonoxynol-9, the active ingredient in most vaginal spermicides. Despite considerable laboratory and clinical studies there is still no definitive information, primarily because of inherent obstacles in carrying out efficacy trial. Other compounds have been suggested as microbicides including benzylconium chloride, menfigol, gossypol, sulphated polysaccharides, defensins and other antimicrobial peptides, phosphatases, nucleoside inhibitors, and Gramicidin. There has also been considerable discussion of formulation considerations such as pH and non active components which facilitate coating the cervix and vagina or retention in the vagina. One of the major hindrances in microbicide development has been the lack of appropriate in vitro systems to test compounds. In addition animal models, especially small animal models for sexual transmission need to be developed. Progress towards this much needed product has been also slowed by lack of interest in both the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry.

*Anti-Infective Agents Cervix Uteri/MICROBIOLOGY Drug Design Female Human *Spermatocidal Agents Vagina/MICROBIOLOGY ABSTRACT

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