3rd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections


Washington, DC - January 28-February 1, 1996

Cite as: Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3rd:Abstract No. xx

1 HOST-PARASITE DYNAMICS AND OUTGROWTH OF VIRUS CONTAINING A SINGLE K70R AMINO ACID CHANGE IN REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS OF HIV-1 RNA LOAD SUPPRESSION BY ZIDOVUDINE
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:53 (abstract no. 1)
De Jong M, Jan Veenstra J, Stilianakis N, Schuurman R, Lange J, De Boer R, Boucher C
Despite the loss of RNA load suppression, selection towards mutations at RT codons 215 and 41 continued. While host-parasite dynamics and outgrowth of low-level resistant virus thus appear responsible for the loss of HIV-1 RNA load suppression, zidovudine continues to select for alternative mutations, conferring increasing levels of resistance.
2 ZIDOVUDINE (AZT) RESISTANCE IS SUPPRESSED BY MUTATIONS CONFERRING HIV-1 RESISTANCE TO FOSCARNET (PFA)
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:53 (abstract no. 2)
Tachedjian G, Mellors J, Hooker DJ, Deacon NJ, Birch C, Mills J
In summary, mutants of HIV-1 co-resistant to AZT and PFA could not be selected in vitro. AZT resistance was suppressed by PFA-R mutations, and PFA-R HIV- I is hypersusceptible to AZT. Taken together, these data suggest that clinical trials of combination therapy with PFA and AZT or their analogs should be considered.
3 COMPARISON OF REPLICATION KINETICS OF HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE VARIANTS IN PHA STIMULATED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES IN THE ABSENCE OF DRUG
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:53 (abstract no. 3)
Sharma PL, Crumpacker CS
1. The replication rate for WT pNL4-3 as well as Lys70Arg viruses were similar in drug free medium. 2. The virus carrying ddl related mutation Leu74Val replicated less efficiently in comparison to WT virus in drug free medium. 3. When RT codon 70 was substituted by amino acid Thr instead of Arg, the viral replication was impaired considerably.
4 ZDV RESISTANCE MUTATIONS INCREASE HIV-1 REPLICATION IN 4 DRUG-FREE PBMC STIMULATED AFTER INFECTION
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:53 (abstract no. 4)
Caliendo A, Savara A, An D, Kaplan J, Daeaquila R
A similar in vitro replication advantage over wild-type virus was also seen only in cells stimulated after infection with another AZT-resistant mutant virus containing RT M41L, T215Y, and K219Q. ZDV IC50s for wild-type virus were higher in cells stimulated after infection than in cells stimulated before infection; the potential contribution of this factor to the slow emergence of ZDV resistant mutants in vivo is being modelled. Correlations between in vitro processivity and fidelity of the RT M41L, T215Y, and K219Q mutant enzyme are also underway.
5 MECHANISM OF ENHANCEMENT BY THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS OF AZT AND D4T ACTIVITIES AGAINST HIV-1 REPLICATION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:53 (abstract no. 5)
Gao WY, Ahluwalia GS, Johns DG, Mitsuya H
This reduction was a consequence of a reversible depletion of dTTP plus an enhanced 5'-phosphorylation of AZT and D4T by acompensatory increase in the AZT and D4T-phosphorylating enzyme thymidine kinase, which is under feedback regulatory control by dTTP. The combination of thymidylate synthase inhibitors with AZT or D4T thus offers a non-discriminative strategy to inhibit HIV-1 at both the prereplicational and replicational levels.
6 ENHANCED FIDELITY OF DRUG-SELECTED M184V MUTATED REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE AS THE BASIS FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 3TC IN HIV CLINICAL TRIALS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:54 (abstract no. 6)
Wainberg MA, Salomon H, Hsu M, Li Z, Borkow G, Parniak MA, Gu Z
HIV-infected individuals, who received 3TC monotherapy over one year, had lower plasma viral burden than at base-line, in spite of high-level resistance to this compound and the appearance of the M184V substitution in the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) gene, responsible for resistance to 3TC.
7 THE RISE IN HIV-1 RNA LOAD DURING 3TC/AZT COMBINATION THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SELECTION OF VIRUSES RESISTANT TO BOTH 3TC AND AZT.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:54 (abstract no. 7)
Nijhuis M, De Jong D, Van Leeuwen R, De Groot T, Keulen W, Schuurman R, Boucher C
We demonstrated the sustainsd presence of 3TC resistant HIV-1 variants (Ml84V) after the addition of AZT. Moreover AZT/3TC double resistant viruses were selected. The observed outgrowth of these double resistant variants are likely to be responsible for the rise in HIV-1 RNA load back to the baseline concentration during 3TC/AZT combination therapy.
8 KINETIC ANALYSIS OF ITRAVIRION REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF HIV-1-INFECTED-INDIVIDUALS: DIRECT ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE TO REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS IN VIVO.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:54 (abstract no. 8)
Zhang H, Dornadula G, Wu Y, Havlir D, Richman DD, Pomerantz RJ
Intravirion reverse transcripts have been identified in the blood plasma of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected-individuals. In the present studies, the kinetic processes of intravirion HIV-1 reverse transcription, in the blood plasma of HIV-1-infected persons treated with nevirapine, were investigated. Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase (RT) which decreases the level of HIV-1 viral particles in the blood plasma of infected-individuals.
9 PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT OUTCOME OF CMV RETINITIS AFTER ORAL GANCICLOVIR PROPHYLAXIS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:54 (abstract no. 9)
Wolitz R, Friedberg D, Spector SA, Wong R, Stempien MJ
Oral ganciclovir prophylaxis significantly decreases the risk of developing CMV retinitis, in particular, sight-threatening (Zone 1) retinitis.
10 DETECTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS ENROLLED IN ACTG 204 / GLAXO WELLCOME 123-014.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:54 (abstract no. 10)
Griffiths PD, Feinberg J
We conclude that active infection occurs earlier than previously thought so that consideration should be given to using CMV prophylaxis at an earlier stage in HIV disease progression. Patients who were initially PCR positive in blood or urine were at highest risk of developing disease, and the effect of valaciclovir in reducing disease was most striking in patients who were viremic at study onset.
11 EVALUATION OF THE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) DNA LOAD IN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMNL) OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS USING QUANTITATIVE PCR (Q-PCR).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:55 (abstract no. 11)
Bolvin G, Handfield J, Murray G, Toma E, Lazar J, Bergeron M
Periodic assessment of CMV DNA load in PMNL by Q-PCR could be useful for identification of patients at high risk of developing CMV disease and for monitoring of the effects of antiviral therapy.
12 SORIVUDINE (BV-ARAU) VERSUS ACYCLOVIR FOR HERPES ZOSTER IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:55 (abstract no. 12)
Gnann J, Crumpacker C, Lalezari J, Smith J, Pollard R, Mertz G, Steigbigel R, Cloud G, Soong S, Laughlin C, et al
Sorivudine is a nucleoside antiviral drug with excellent in vitro activity against varicella-zoster virus. Using a double -blind/double-dummy study design, we compared the efficacy of sorivudine (40 mg po once daily x 10d) with acyclovir (800 mg PO 5 times daily x 10d) for treatment of dermatormal herpes zoster in 170 HIV-infected patients.
13 EFFICACY OF FAMCICLOVIR FOR SUPPRESSING HSV-2 INFECTIONS AMONG 13 HIV+ PERSONS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:55 (abstract no. 13)
Schacker T, Shaughessy M, Barnum G, Selke S, Zeh J, Corey L
To determine the efficacy of Famciclovir for suppression of anogenital HSV-2 reactivation in HIV infected persons, we enrolled 42 HIV+/HSV2+ persons (40 males and 2 females), followed ≥ 14d into a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of Famciclovir (500 mg twice daily) vs. placebo for 8 weeks followed by a 7 day washout period and 8 weeks of the alternate substance.
14 DETECTION OF HHV-8 DURING THE WHOLE INCUBATION PERIOD OF AIDS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF KAPOSI'S SARCOMA IN HIV-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS WITH A KNOWN DATE OF HIV INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:55 (abstract no. 14)
Lefrere JJ, Meyohas MC, Mariotiti M, Meynard JL, Thauvin M, Lerable J, Frottier J
These results indicate that HHV-8 DNA may be evidenced several years before the occurence of a KS in HIV-infected individuals, giving a perspective of preventive therapy and raising the problem of a systematic screening of the HHV-8 in a yet symptomless HIV-infected population. The evidence of HHV-8 on the samples collected during the first year of HIV seropositivity in the 5 patients suggests that they were either simultaneously infected by both viruses or infected by HIV while they were already HHV-8 carriers.
15 IN SITU DETECTION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8 DNA SEQUENCES IN AIDS-ASSOCIATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:55 (abstract no. 15)
Parravicini C, Capra M, Bestetti G, Aubin JT, Bifulco C, Berti E, Picozza E, Katz E, Briere J, Gessain A, Galli M, Agut H, Corbellino M
The histological evolution of Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) lesions from the early vascular to the late patch and nodular stages is characterized by a progressive increase of spindle cells and involves different types of mesenchymal cells, including endothelial, smooth muscle and monocytic elements. Recently, representational difference analysis allowed the disclosure of unique DNA sequences in KS lesions which were attributed to a novel human herpesvirus suspected to be involved in thepathogenesis of KS and tentatively named KSHV or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8).
16 PERSISTENCE OF KSHV/HHV-8 SEQUENCES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) OF PATIENTS WITH AIDS-KAPOSI'S SARCOMA(AIDS-KS) RECEIVING ANTI-HERPES DRUGS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:55 (abstract no. 16)
Humphrey RW, O'Brien TR, Newcomb FM, Nishihara H, Saville MW, Yarchoan R
Many AIDS-KS pts, but significantly fewer KS-negative HIV pts, have KSHV/HHV-8 DNA detectable in their PBMC. There is no apparent correlation with CD4 count. The continued detection of KSHV/HHV-8 DNA in pts receiving anti-herpes therapy has implications for the potential value of these drugs in treating or preventing KS, but additional studies are needed.
17 NATURAL ENDOGENOUS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION (NERT) OF HIV-1.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:56 (abstract no. 17)
Zhang H, Dornadula G, Zhu M, Pomeran RJ
Thus, we suggest that HIV-1 virons are actively altered by the extracellular microenvironment, and that NERT occurring in seminal plasma may play a critical role in the sexual transmission of this human retrovirus.
18 HIV-1 ZINC FINGERS: A TARGET FOR RATIONAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:56 (abstract no. 18)
Arthur L1, Rice W1, Turpin J1, Rein A2, Lifson J1, Gorelick R1, Ott D1, Casas J1, Henderson L1
We have developed a screening pathway which begins with identification of lead compounds based on structure and functional groups and extends to demonstration of activity on purified NC protein, reaction with zinc fingers in the intact virus, anti-viral activity in tissue culture, anti-viral activity in a SFFV/murine model and anti-viral activity in SIV-infected macaques. Results of this drug evaluation screen will be discussed.
19 THE ROLE OF VIF IN HIV-1 REPLICATION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:56 (abstract no. 19)
Simon JHM, Fouchier RAM, Malim MH
This suggests that the Vif protein is required for the complete proteolytic processing of the p55 Gag polyprotein and that a failure to undergo the necessary cleavages inhibits virus infectivity.
20 CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV-1 MATRIX FUNCTION: ANALYSIS OF VIRAL REVERTANTS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:56 (abstract no. 20)
Freed EO, Martin MA
During the course of this analysis, viral revertants of all classes of mutations were obtained and characterized. For example, a Val -> Ile change at residue 34 compensated for two position 12 mutations which blocked Env incorporation into virions, and a Gln -> Lys substitution at residue 27 (in the MA highly-basic domain) reversed the phenotype of a position 86 mutation which redirected virus assembly to the cytoplasm. The implications of the mutational analysis and revertant characterization for understanding MA structure/function relationships and delineating the role of MA in the HIV-1 life cycle will be presented.
21 HIV-1 VPR GENE INDUCES CHANGES OF CELL MORPHOLOGY AND CELL CYCLE G2 ARREST IN FISSION YEAST SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:56 (abstract no. 21)
Zhao Y1,2, Cao J1, O'Gorman MRG1,2, Tian J1, Yogev R1,2
Our results suggested that HIV-1 Vpr-induced cellular changes in S. pombe mimic those of found in human cells.
22 THE URACIL-DNA GLYCOSYLASE ENZYME IS A CELLULAR PARTNER OF THE HIV-1 VPR PROTEIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:57 (abstract no. 22)
Sire J1, Bouhamdan M1, Benichou S2, Rey F1, Navarro JM1, Agostini I1, Spire B1, Slupphaug G3, Camonis J2, Benarous R2, Vigne R1
We have shown that the HIV-1 Vpr protein could interact with the cellular UNG enzyme, and the question of its functional relevance remains to be investigated.
23 SPECIFICITY AND MECHANISM OF HIV-1 INHIBITION BY TRANSDOMINANT REV.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:57 (abstract no. 23)
Pavlakis GN1, Stauber R1, Neumann M1, Gaitanaris GA1, Valentin A1, Song S1, Harrison J1, Tabernero C2, Felber BK2
 In another line of experiments, we have shown that inhibition of HIV-1 expression by TDRev is specific and results solely from the inhibition of Rev function by TDRev. We have generated Rev-independent HIV-1 molecular clones able to propagate in human cells in the complete absence of Rev and its binding site, the RRE. These molecular clones are not inhibited in cell lines expressing TDRev, while the wild-type virus is. These results demonstrate the specificity of TDRev function against Rev.
24 REPLACEMENT OF THE VIRAL REV REGULATION IN HIV-1 AND SIV WITH A POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL ELEMENT OF THE SIMIAN RETROVIRUS TYPE 1.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:57 (abstract no. 24)
Felber BK1, Valentin A2, von Gegerfelt A1, Zolotukhin AS1, Tabernero C1, Bear J1, Pavlakis GN2
Our data demonstrate that the Rev regulation can be replaced by other posttranscriptional mechanisms, and that Rev is not essential for virus replication in vitro. The availability of the SIV hybrid virus will allow us to investigate the role of Rev in virus propagation in vivo. The replacement of the Rev/RRE regulatory axis may generate viruses with altered biological properties in vivo and it may allow the production of attenuated nonpathogenic viral strains.
25 PERINATAL HIV INFECTION AND THE EFFECT OF ZDV THERAPY ON TRANSMISSION IN RURAL AND URBAN NORTH CAROLINA.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:57 (abstract no. 25)
Fiscus SA, Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, Lim W, McKinney R, Rupar D, Kenny J, Woods C, Wilfert C
After the announcement of the results of ACTG 076, ZDV was given to 75% of identified HIV+ women who delivered babies in NC. Only 5.7% of infants who received any ZDV became infected compared with 18.9%of infants who received no ZDV (p =.007). Rural infants were as likely to receive ZDV as urban infants. NC's health care providers are identifying most of the state's HIV+ pregnant women, treating them with ZDV, and testing their infants soon after birth for HIV infection. The use of ZDV in pregnant women and their infants has significantly reducedperinatal HIV transmission in the state.
26 IMPACT OF ACTG 076: USE OF ZIDOVUDINE (ZDV) DURING PREGNANCY AND CHANGES IN THE RATE OF HIV VERTICAL TRANSMISSION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:57 (abstract no. 26)
Cooper E, Diaz C, Pitt J, Hanson C, Hershow R, Kalish L, Mendez H, Zorilla C, Moye J, Smeriglio V, Fowler M G
In a large perinatal HIV observational study (WITS), release of ACTG 076 results was temporally associated with a dramatic increase in ZDV use in pregnancy, and significant decrease in maternal-infant HIV transmission.
27 PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION IN AFRICA AND THE EFFECT OF BIRTH CANAL CLEANING.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:58 (abstract no. 27)
Biggar RJ, Miotti P, Taha T, Waters D, Mtimivalye L
Our procedure should have lowered birth canal exposure to HIV but had little impact on perinatal HIV transmission.
28 PERINATAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 AND HETEROSEXUAL BEHAVIOR DURING PREGNANCY.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:58 (abstract no. 28)
Matheson P, Thomas PA, Lambert G, Bamji M, Krasinski K, Steketee R, Thea D, Chiasson MA, Abrams EJ
Additional research is needed to determine whether pregnant HIV-1-seropositive women can diminish the likelihood of perinatal HIV- 1 transmission by changing their sexual behavior during pregnancy.
29 MATERNAL DRUG USE DURING PREGNANCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL HIV CULTURE POSITIVITY AND PERINATAL TRANSMISSION
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:58 (abstract no. 29)
Rodriguez E, Mofenson L, Chang B, Rich K, Fowler MG, Smeriglio V, Landesman S, Fox H, Diaz C, Green K, Hansen C
The prevalence of hard drug use during pregnancy in HIV positive women in this study was shown to be high. Such drug use was associated with an increased risk for maternal HIV culture positivity at delivery and for perinatal HIV transmission. Substance abuse treatment and counseling for pregnant HIV infected women may help reduce these risks.
30 HIGH MATERNAL VIRAL LOAD PREDICTS PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION AND EARLY INFANT PROGRESSION, BANGKOK, THAILAND
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:58 (abstract no. 30)
Shaffer N1,2, Chotpitayasunondh T3, Roongpisuthipong A4, Siriwasin W5, Chearskul S4, Young N1,2,, Brown T2, Nieburg P2, Batter V2, Kalish ML2, Mastro TD1,2,
The perinatal transmission rate for HIV-1 subtype E in Bangkok is 24%, comparable to rates for other subtypes reported elsewhere. Higher maternal viral load at delivery is associated with increased transmission risk, but the risk appears to be multifactorial. Infected infants born to mothers with high viral load at delivery are at high risk for early, rapid progression of disease.
31 ROLE OF VIRAL LOAD IN BOTH TRANSFUSION- AND HETEROSEXUAL-TRANSMISSION OF HIV-1 INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:58 (abstract no. 31)
Operskalski EA
Viral load appears to be the identifiably important determinant for both transfusion- and heterosexual-transmission of HIV-1 infection.
32 THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HIV RNA LEVELS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:58 (abstract no. 32)
Phillips AN, Hill AM*, Eron J**, Bartlett J*** for the North American Lamivudine HIV Working Group
The HIV RNA level appears to be a strong predictor of the development of clinical disease and may thus be of importance, in addition to the CD4 count, in patient monitoring.
33 THE ROLE OF CHEMOKINES IN SIV-INDUCED AIDS ENCEPHALITIS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:59 (abstract no. 33)
Sasseville G, Smith MM, Mackay C, Ringler DJ, Lackner AA
Our data indicate that chemokines and VCAM-1 are intimately associated with SIV encephalitis and may mediate monocyte recruitment to the brain.
34 DIFFERENTIAL TROPISM OF ACUTE HIV-1 ISOLATES FOR MONOCYTE DERIVED MACROPHAGES (MDM) AND MICROGLIA.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:59 (abstract no. 34)
Strizki JM, Albright AV, O'Connor M, Gonzalez-Scarano F
Sequence comparison of the V3 loop of unpassaged and multiply passaged virus did not reveal any significant changes, suggesting that regions other than V3 may be important for infection of microglia. Taken together our data support the hypothesis that HIV-1 infection can be established in the CNS by viruses present early in HIV infection, and that once established, adaptation can result in the selection of a pool of predominantly neurotropic viruses. Current efforts are directed at obtaining molecular clones of microglia-tropic isolates, and elucidation of the viral elements responsible HIV neurotropism.
35 NTERA-2 HUMAN NEURONAL CELL MODEL SYSTEM FOR HIV-1-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:59 (abstract no. 35)
Kolson DL, Llanes CE, Kim FM, Collman RG
Thus, the NTera-2 neuronal cell line and our multi-component cell co-culture system will be a valuable model with which to examine functional and toxic effects resulting from HIV-1 infection of microphage cells and direct or indirect mechanisms involving neurons and other glial cells.
36 TROPISM OF HIV-1 FOR DIFFERENT CD4+ CELL TYPES: ROLE OF DISTINCT ACCESSORY FUSION FACTORS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:59 (abstract no. 36)
Alkhatib G, Broder CC, Feng Y, Berger EA
Our results support the model that HIV-1 tropism is due to the presence on different CD4+ cell types of distinct accessory factors that preferentially mediate fusion by envs from the two HIV-1 classes. Additional findings did not support suggestions by others that CD44 or CD26 function directly in entry of microphage-tropic isolates. We are developing vaccinia-based expression cloning strategies to isolate cDNAs encoding the accessory fusion factors.
37 ROLE OF CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN MICE TRANSGENIC FOR THE TAX GENE OF HTLV-1.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:59 (abstract no. 37)
Grossman WJ, Ratner L
It is possible that production of GM-CSF by these LGLs may be responsible for the observed neutrophilia in these transgenic mice, and that IFNγ production may induce LGL cell transformation through an autocrine stimulation loop.
38 TIME COURSE AND KINETICS OF HIV VIREMIA DURING PRIMARY INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:60 (abstract no. 38)
Busch MP1, Herman SA2, Henrard DR3, Satten GA4, Garrett PE4, Aubuchon JP6, Schreiber GB7, and REDS
These data allow projection of the yield of direct virus detection assay yield, and suggest that the rate of HIV production established during primary dissemination is similar to that of chronic infections.
39 SINGLE TUBE ASSAY FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETECTION OF HIV-1 RNA IN PLASMA SPECIMENS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:60 (abstract no. 39)
Billyard B, Yang Y, Nunomura K, Garduno F, Clark T, Ueding K, Brentano S, Giachetti C, McDonough S, Mimms L
Using the single tube assay we demonstrated quantitation in the range of 20 to 200,000 copies of genomic RNA. The single tube assay can be completed in a few hours without expensive, specialized equipment.
40 LINE PROBE ASSAY (LIPA) FOR THE RAPID AND RELIABLE DETECTION OF DRUG INDUCED MUTATIONS IN THE HIV RT GENE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:60 (abstract no. 40)
Stuyver L, Wyseur A, Scarcez T, Verhofstede C, Louwagie J, Rossau R
The current selection of probes allowed the reliable detection of cloned mutations and polymorphisms. At least 90% of patients sera studied could unambiguously and rapidly be characterized.
41 THE HIV-1 nef GENE PRODUCT ASSOCIATES WITH A MEMBER OF THE P21 ACTIVATED KINASE (PAK) FAMILY.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:60 (abstract no. 41)
Nunn M, Marsh J
Labeled p65 can be immunoprecipitated using antisera directed against peptides of PAK65, a neutrophil histone H4 kinase. P65 is also immunoprecipitated by antisera to the rat PAK-1 and PAK-2 but not antisera recognizing other kinases. Thus, Nef associates with an active form of p65, a member of the PAK family of histone H4 kinases which are known to play central roles in the transduction of extracellular signals.
42 DETECTION OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN HIV-1 NEF AND HUMAN P56 LCK PROTEINS BY THE TWO-HYBRID SYSTEM.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:60 (abstract no. 42)
Rhéaume E, Champagne P, Sekaly RP
Thus, it appears that an interaction between Nef and p56lck is possible in vivo and that this interaction does not depend only on the p56lck's SH3 domain. Further work has been initiated to confirm this interaction in mammalian cells.
43 THE PACKAGING DETERMINANTS OF HIV-2 VPX.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 43)
Holemon HA, Horton RB, Ratner L
These findings define multiple protein-protein interactions important for the production of infectious HIV-2 particles, which should provide insights into novel therapeutic approaches.
44 VARIABILITY IN PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION OF HIV-1 TAT, REV AND NEF MRNAS IN VIVO.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 44)
Thomson MM1, Vallejo A2, Reitz MS1, Biggar RJ1, Gallo RC1, Klotman ME3
We conclude that, similar to what has been reported in vitro, a great variety of HIV-1 alternatively spliced transcripts are produced in vivo. Some patients in early stages of the infection appear to have undetectable expression of rev and of incompletely spliced mRNAs.
45 NUCLEAR PRESERVATION AND CYTOPLASMIC DEGRADATION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE I REV PROTEIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 45)
Kubota S1, Duan L1, Furuta R2, Hatanaka M2, Pomerantz RJ1
Differential degradation of Rev in the nucleus and cytoplasm may play a critical role in determining and maintaining different stages of HIV-1 infection, in conjunction with the shuttling properties of the Rev protein.
46 DOWNREGULATION OF CD4 BY HIV-1 ENV AND VPU.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 46)
Fujita K, Maldarelli F, Silver J
Since Vpu is capable of multimerization, many of the observations in our system are explained by a semiquantitative model in which CD4 interacts with multimerized Vpu. When the concentration of Vpu exceeds a threshold required for multimerization, a Vpu-CD4 complex forms whose transport to the cell surface is blocked, resulting in decreased surface CD4.
47 VIF NEGATIVE HIV-1 PERSISTENTLY REPLICATES IN PRIMARY MACROPHAGES PRODUCING ATTENUATED VIRUS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 47)
Chowdhury IH, Potash MJ, Chao W, Sova P, Volsky DJ
We conclude that mutations in vif result in the establishment of persistent, attenuated HIV-1 infection in macrophages which may be relevant to the maintenance of a chronic, semi-latent infection in vivo.
48 ELUCIDATION OF STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF VPR THROUGH MOLECULAR MODELING AND SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 48)
Srinivasan A1, Mahalingam S1, Murali R2, Collman RG2, Patel M1, Serio D1
The results obtained with Vpr containing mutations throughout the molecule shed light on the interrelationship between oligomerization, nuclear localization, virion incorporation, and biological effects of Vpr.
49 ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEIN BCL-2 SHARES STRUCTURAL HOMOLOGY WITH HIV-1 NEF.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:62 (abstract no. 49)
Ranganathan PN, Croce CM, Srinivasan A
Interestingly, four highly conserved nef-defining, consensus blocks shared high sequence homology with Bcl-2 and two of these blocks also sharedidentical predicted secondary structure with their Bcl-2 counterparts. These observations raise the possibility of one or more functions being common to Bcl-2 and nef.
50 CALRETICULIN INTERACTS TRANSIENTLY WITH NEWLY SYNTHESIZED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:62 (abstract no. 50)
Otteken A, Moss B
The data suggested that most of the gp160 asssociated with calreticulin was also bound to calnexin but that only a portion of the gp160 associated with calnexin was also bound to calreticulin.
51 CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV-1 ENTRY INTO CD4-NEG COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:62 (abstract no. 51)
Long D, Broder CC1, Doms RW
To gain a more complete understanding of how HIV-1 enters HT29 cells we are utilizing a quantitative cell fusion gene reporter asssay. The characteristics of this fusion assay will be described as will the ability of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to env to block this reaction.
52 BINDING OF DIVERGENT HIV-1 ENVELOPE PROTEINS AND HIV-1 IIIB ENVELOPE MUTANTS TO GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:61 (abstract no. 52)
Berson JF, Broder CC1, Wyatt R2, Sodroski J2, Doms RW
These results were correlated with the ability of a panel of MAbs to known antigenic determinants of env to block binding to GalCer.
53 NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL-INDEPENDENT TRANSLOCATION OF HIV-1 GENOME TO THE PERINUCLEAR SPACE IN T LYMPHOCYTES MEDIATED BY VIMENTIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:62 (abstract no. 53)
Bukrinsky M, Lee MA, Thomas EK, Connelly R, Haffar O, Dubrovsky L
We propose that the first steps of HIV-1 infection cycle (uncoating, reverse transcription, nuclear translocation) occur within complexes attached to intermediate filaments, and present a model of the early events which, based on our own observations and published reports, explains translocation of the HIV-1 genome to the perinuclear space by the cleavage of vimentin filaments with HIV-1 protease, resulting in the collapse of the corresponding filament together with the bound pre-integration complex to the nuclear pore.
54 IDENTIFICATION OF EPITOPES ON HIV-1 TAT THAT DETERMINE ITS CELLULAR UPTAKE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:62 (abstract no. 54)
Ma M, Nath A
We conclude that, i) the basic region mediates membrane binding and uptake of Tat, ii) peptide28-42 may act as a carrier for Tat uptake, and iii) the second exon of Tat provides a tertiary configuration to the Tat molecule which allows Tat uptake to occur.
55 BINDING SITES FOR SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS DOWNSTREAM OF THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITE OF HIV-1 ARE CRITICAL FOR VIRUS INFECTIVITY.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:63 (abstract no. 55)
Van Lint C, John M, Amella CA, Emiliani S, Ott M, Verdin E
RNase protection assays from equivalent amounts of viral particles from each of the mutants showed no RNA packaging defect. Studies addressing the role of these transcription factors in the chromatin organization of the HIV-1 LTR and in the transcriptional regulation of the virus are currently underway and will be presented.
56 THE ROLE OF INTEGRATION SITE ON TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE HIV-1 LTR.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:63 (abstract no. 56)
Alur P, Laughlin M
We show that the 5' and 3' MARs of the serine protease gene cluster CGL-1 (each of which contain a single topoisomerase II cleavage site) downregulate the basal expression from the HIV-1 LTR in a tissue specific manner.
57 HIV-1 REPLICATION IN PRIMARY HUMAN FETAL ASTROCYTES AND ITS EFFECTS ON GLUTAMATE UPTAKE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:63 (abstract no. 57)
Bencheikh M1, Gelbard H2, Volsky DJ1
These results indicate that human fetal astrocytes are reproducibly susceptible to low productive, persistent replication of HIV-1 and that such viral replication is severely deleterious to cellular function.
58 ABORTIVE INFECTION: HIV-1 DIFFERENTIAL HOST CELL TROPISM DETERMINED AFTER ENTRY.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:63 (abstract no. 58)
Collman RG, Kim FM, Yi YJ
Thus, 89.6 infection in these cells is blocked after entry, reverse transcription and early gene expression but before structural proteins are made. This abortive infection represents a novel mechanism of virus-specific differential host cell tropism and may provide a useful model for cellular factors needed to establish productive infection.
59 DISTINCT MUTATIONS IN BRAIN-DERIVED HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:64 (abstract no. 59)
Liu C, McArthur JC, Glass JG, Power C
We conclude that in brain-derived HIV-1 proviral DNA, ZRAM are associated with prolonged ZDV therapy but not necessarily neurological disease and HIV-1 RT shows patterns of mutation that are distinctive from nonbrain-derived HIV-1 RT.
60 PAROTID SALIVARY ANTIBODY RESPONSES FOLLOWING PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:64 (abstract no. 60)
Edghill-Smith Y, Dalessio J, Schacker T, Robinovitch M, Ashley RL
These data suggest either unique IgG-dominant responses to HIV by the mucosal immune system or an unusual level of serum HIV-IgG transudation into parotid and rectal secretions.
61 GENITAL TRACT ANTI-HIV IMMUNOGLOBULIN AMONG HIV-INFECTED AND UNINFECTED WOMEN WITH HIV-INFECTED SEXUAL PARTNERS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:64 (abstract no. 61)
Duerr A1, Parekh BS1, Nagachinta T2, Suriyanon V3, Rugpao S3, Lee-Thomas S1, Flowers L1, Nelson KE4
Anti-HIV immunoglobulin was detected in genital tract specimens from 67% of HIV+ women. In this preliminary study no local (genital tract) humoral immune responses were detected among HIV seronegative women with repeated sexual exposure to HIV.
62 HIV-1 ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY IN CERVICO-VAGINAL FLUID OF SEROPOSITIVE AND AT RISK SERONEGATIVE WOMEN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:64 (abstract no. 62)
Landers D, Padian N, Harris DS, Glass S, Milam T, Wara D
The presence of HIV-specific IgA varied from 15/22 (68%) for gp160 to 4/22 (18%) for gp120. IgAl, IgA2 and Secretory Component were all detected in the majority of IgA positive samples regardless of HIV protein specificity. The presence of IgA did not correlate with stage of the menstrual cycle or stage of HIV disease. No anti-HIV antibodies were detected in any of the "at risk" HIV(-) women. These results suggest 1) that HIV-specific IgG found in CVL samples parallel that found in the serum; 2) HIV-specific IgA is detectable in CVL specimens in some but not all seropositive women; and 3) at least some of the CVL IgA is Secretory-IgA. Larger numbers, longitudinal studies during the menstrual cycle and quantitation of antibodies are needed to weigh the importance of genital tract IgA in HIV transmission and HIV effects in the genital tract.
63 EXPRESSION OF HETERODIMERIC FCγ RECEPTOR HOMOLOGOUS TO FCRN IN HUMAN PLACENTA.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:64 (abstract no. 63)
Leach JL1, Sedmak DD2, Lairmore MD3, Anderson CL4
The receptor consists of a heterodimer of an α chain (46 kDa) and (β2- microglobulin (14kDa), structurally homologous to the α chain of MHC class I molecules. Clarification of the receptor for IgG transport will permit further studies to molecularly define the role of antibody-mediated transport of human immunodeficiency across mucosal barriers.
64 CERVICOVAGINAL ANTI-HIV ANTIBODIES IN INDEX WOMEN FROM HIV-DISCORDANT, EXCLUSIVELY HETEROSEXUAL, COUPLES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:65 (abstract no. 64)
Bélec L1, Prazöck T2, Malkin JE3, Pillot J4
These observations indicate that both the prevalence and the levels of cervicovaginal antibodies to HIV of the IgA as well as the IgG classes do not appear as biological indicators sufficiently relevant to explain a possible reduced infectivity of the female index case in HIV discordant couples by comparison with HIV concordant couples.
65 CERVICOVAGINAL HIV-1 AND HIV-2 CROSS-REACTIVITIES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:65 (abstract no. 65)
Bélec L1, Dupré T1, Prazuck T2, Tévi-Bénissan C1, Gilquin J3, Matta M1, Pillot J4
Cervicovaginal cross-reactivity was more pronounced for HIV-2- specific antibodies to HIV-1 epitopes than conversely. Such features could be relevant to a differential heterosexual transmission of one type of HIV in an individual infected by the other type, in accordance with epidemiologic studies showing that HIV-2 infection protects from HIV-1 infection, and that HIV-1 infection does not appear to protect significantly from HIV-2 infection.
66 HLA CLASS I ALLELES IN A COHORT OF HIV-1 HIGHLY EXPOSED, PERSISTENTLY SERONEGATIVE (HEPS) SEX WORKERS (CSWS) IN NORTHERN THAILAND.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:65 (abstract no. 66)
1Stephens H, 2Beyrer C, 3Mastro T, 2Nelson KE, 1Klaythong R, 4Kunachiwa W, 1Chandanayingyong D, 4Khamboonruang C, 3Limpakarnjanarat K, 5Mason C, 6Artenstein A
Since HLA class I proteins present antigenic peptides to cytotoxic Tcells, these distributions in HEPS CSWs may be relevant to understand relative resistance to HIV-1 infection. Further analysis of these class I alleles might be relevant in the design of HIV-1 vaccines to be tested in these populations.
67 "DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO A FRAGMENT OF GP41 FROM THE HIV-1 ENVELOPE IN INFECTED PATIENTS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS PLASMAS".
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:65 (abstract no. 67)
Hong MA, Sato MN, Saito R, Casseb JS, Duarte AJ
These results suggested that the presence of anti-gp41 in controls can be, possibly, consequent to reactivity of natural antibodies to Interleukins or other self proteins. And the presence of these antibodies in patients plasma could play a role in the immunodisfunction in HIV infection. Inhibition tests studies are being performed for better data analysis.
68 CONSEQUENCES OF PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION WITH AN HIV-1 NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY IN THE CHIMPANZEE-PRIMARY HIV-1 ISOLATE INFECTION MODEL.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:65 (abstract no.68)
Conley AJ1, Kessler J1, Boots L1, McKenna PM1, Schleif WA1, Emini EA1, Katinger H2, Payne JS3, Cobb EK3, Murthy KK3
These data are consistent with effective in vivo antiviral activity of the monoclonal antibody and describe a potentially new class of in vivo generated non-antibody-binding-site escape mutants.
69 CHARACTERIZATION OF CONFORMATION-DEPENDENT ANTI-GP120 MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY IMMUNIZATION WITH MONOMERIC AND OLIGOMERIC FORMS OF HIV-I ENVELOPE PROTEIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:66 (abstract no. 69)
Sugiura W, Earl PL, Broder CC, Moss B
72% of the Mabs exhibited broad cross reactivity with diverse env proteins; the remaining 38% reacted very poorly or not at all. We also analyzed epitopes of Mabs by BIAcore. Based on these parameters, we can define at least 11 groups of Mabs with distinct characteristics.
70 NEUTRALIZATION PROFILE OF SERA FROM HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS TO AUTOLOGOUS HIV ISOLATES AND MN STRAIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:66 (abstract no. 70)
Nokta MA, Turk P, Bay S, Pollard RB
The IUPM from those patient were 2043 ± 798 compared to 241 ± 114 for the rest of the group. The neutralization profile to autologous and MN strains might be useful for selecting candidate patients for immunoglobulin or vaccine therapy.
71 CROSS-NEUTRALIZATION OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL HIV-1 ISOLATES BY AUTOLOGOUS SERA AND HIVIG.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:66 (abstract no.71)
Farzadegan H, Vlahov D, Chaplinskiene M, Nelson K, Lambert J, Halsey N, Bollinger R, Jackson B, Saah A, Reichelderfer P
Autologous sera and HIVIG were capable of neutralizing a range of HIV-1 clinical isolates. The QMC technique established variations in neutralizing capabilities of autologous sera and HIVIG according to the geographical distribution and natural history of HIV-1 infection. The data have implications on natural history, national and international intervention and vaccine trials.
72 ANTIBODIES TO HIV-1 IN PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY (RECIPIENTS AND DONORS).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:66 (abstract no. 72)
Karpas A, Bainbridge D, Ash S
In conclusion it is not unreasonable to suggest that PIT can lead to partial recovery in the ability of some patients with HIV disease to produce antibodies against the virus, while in healthy plasma donors it helps to maintain or even increase the levels of such protective antibodies.
73 IN VITRO INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HUMAN LUNG ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND HIV-1 CHRONICALLY INFECTED MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGES CELLS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:66 (abstract no. 73)
Calvez V, Grandadam M, Hubert P, Dupin N, Mugnier P, Malet I, Gay F, Huraux JM
Our experiments demonstrated that lung ECs exhibit a positive effect on the replication of HIV-1 in chronically infected monocyte/microphage cells by cell to cell contact undependantly of a soluble secreted factor. The molecules implicated in this phenomenon are now under investigation.
74 CD26 EXPRESSION CORRELATES WITH ENTRY, REPLICATION AND CYTOPATHICITY OF MONOCYTOTROPIC HIV-1 STRAINS IN A T-CELL LINE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:67 (abstract no. 74)
Oravecz T1, Roderiquez G1, Koff J1, Wang J1, Ditto M1, Bou-Habib DC1, Lusso P2, Norcross MA1
Experiments with recombinant viruses showed that the third hypervariable region of the envelope gp120 plays an important role in this selection process. This study identifies CD26 as a key marker for M-tropic HIV-1 infection, and suggests a mechanism for the early loss of CD26 expressing cells in HIV-1 infected individuals.
75 ENGAGEMENT OF SURFACE LFA-1 AUGMENTS THE REPLICATION OF HIV-1.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:67 (abstract no. 75)
Butera S, Shattock RJ, Roberts BD, Freimuth W, Boxer L, Griffin GE, Folks T, Nabel G
Together the results from these various systems strongly implicate a regulatory role for surface adhesion molecules, possibly mediated by the production of locally acting cytokines, in the control of HIV-1 replication.
76 THE D4-TRANSMEMBRANE INTERDOMAIN OF CD4 PLAYS A ROLE IN HIV-1-MEDIATED CELL FUSION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:67 (abstract no. 76)
Moir S, Perreault J, Boissinot M, Poulin M
These results suggest that the amino acid residues deleted from the membrane proximal region of CD4 may be involved in specific interactions which facilitate gp41-mediated membrane fusion. Alternatively, the shortened CD4 molecule may have a restricted capacity to undergo and/or direct the confirmational changes thought to lead to HIV internalization. This possibility is currently being verified with a CD4 mutant in which the five initially deleted residues have been replaced by a heterologous substitution.
77 TRIGGERING OF COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS CR1 AND CR3 INDUCES NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF NF-KB IN HUMANMONOCYTES AND ENHANCES VIRAL REPLICATION IN HIV-INFECTED MONOCYTIC CELLS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:67 (abstract no. 77)
Weiss L, Thieblemont N, Kazatchkine MD, Haeffner-Cavaillon N
The amount of protein translocated was similar to that observed when cells were stimulated with rhTNFα. TNFα did not mediate the translocation of NF-kB p50/p65 induced by triggering of complement receptors. Taken together, these observations suggest that HIV gene expression may be activated in infected monocytes through interaction of the cells with complement-opsonized particles and that enhanced viral replication is associated with C3 receptor-mediated nuclear translocation of the NF-kB complex.
78 PRIMARY HIV-1 ISOLATES INFECT CD4 NEGATIVE, GALCER POSITIVE CELLS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:67 (abstract no. 78)
Harouse JM, Zhang W, Gonzalez-Scarano F
We were unable to correlate the infectivity for SK-N-MC cells with established biological phenotypes such as cellular tropism and syncytial induction or with genetic classification, suggesting that pan-tropism is an independent biological variable.
79 ROLE OF VPR IN HIV-1 INFECTION: NONSENSE MUTATION IN VPR CORRELATES WITH PERSISTENT HIV-1 PRODUCTION IN INFECTED CELL LINES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:67 (abstract no. 79)
Owen SM1, Zhao LJ2, Lal RB1
Initial studies indicate that the mutated vpr gene results in slower viral replication in A3.01 cells. Studies are ongoing to determine the effects of the mutation in normal human PBMCS and the results of these studies will be presented.
80 BOTH HIV AND HTLV VIRIONS INCORPORATE T CELL ACTIVATION MARKERS IL-2 RECEPTOR AND HLA-DR.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:68 (abstract no. 80)
Saifuddin M, Saarloos MN, G Spear
We suggest that the presence of both α and β chains of IL-2R together results in functional activity on the surface of the virions and that these activation molecules incorporated into virions may play some role in activation of target cells or dysregulation of the immune system.
81 LIGATION OF CR1 (C3B RECEPTOR, CD35) ON CD4 + T LYMPHOCYTES ENHANCES VIRAL REPLICATION IN HIV-INFECTED CELLS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:68 (abstract no. 81)
Mouhoub A, Delibrias CC, Fischer E, Boyer V, Kazatchkine MD
The enhancing effect induced by CR1 ligation on patients' cells was suppressed in the presence of anti-TNF-α mAb, indicating that it is, at least in part, dependent on the generation of TNF-α. Our results suggest that HIV replication may be triggered in resting HIV-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes through interaction with C3b-bearing immune complexes or particles.
82 UPREGULATION OF HIV BY CD4 CROSSLINKING.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:68 (abstract no. 82)
Than S, Oyaizu N, Tetali S, Kaplan M, Romano J, Pahwa S
Peak TNF-α induction was observed on day 3 and persisted until day 7; p24 antigen levels peaked on day 7. We conclude that CD4XL in vitro, possibly occurring via CD4-gp 120 interaction in the lymph nodes, may play a role in a subset of patients (as in group I) in facilitating virus upregulation in latently infected cells and persistent virus replication. The relationship of the in vitro CD4XL response in PBMC to in vivo plasma virus load in these patients is under investigation and will be reported.
83 EXPRESSION AND DENSITY ANALYSIS OF LFA-I AND MAC-1 IN MONONUCLEARES CELLS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:68 (abstract no. 83)
Amato Vigorito MA, Saito R, Mello N, DeMaurino DE, Duarte AS
The highest CD11b expression and density in the CD4 group < 200/mm³and in the 200-499/mm³range when compared to the control group suggests that CD11b can be considered a marker for more advanced stages of the disease.
84 HIV REPLICATION IN VITRO APPEARS LITTLE AFFECTED BY CHANGE IN CO2.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:68 (abstract no. 84)
Carlin K, Anderson S, Chapa I, Thomason A, Carlin S
There was no statistically significant difference in groups varying from CO2 3.5% to 65%. HIV replication in human T cells appears to be relatively independent of variable CO2 levels.
85 ENHANCED FAS/FAS LIGAND DEPENDENT ACTIVATION INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN CD4 LYMPHOCYTES FROM HIV SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:68 (abstract no. 85)
Badley A, Simpson M, Lynch D, Leibson P, Paya CV
These results indicate that Fas/Fas ligand interactions are functional in mediating CD4 lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals.
86 HIV-INFECTED MACROPHAGES INDUCE APOPTOSIS OF UNINFECTED T CELLS THROUGH THE EXPRESSION OF FAS LIGAND.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:69 (abstract no. 86)
Badley AD, McElhinny JA, Leibson PJ, Lynch D, Arnutage R, Paya CV
These results suggest that the Fas/FasL interaction can be modulated by HIV infection, thus playing a central role in the HIV-dependent T cell depletion.
87 REPRESSION OF HIV-1 TRANSCRIPTION BY THE HUMAN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR YY1: MECHANISTIC STUDIES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:69 (abstract no. 87)
Romerio F, Margolis DM
YY1 may exert its inhibitory effect on HIV transcription via direct interaction with the basal transcription machinery, or through interactions with other cellular factors such as Sp1. Studies examining this issue will be presented.
88 INFECTION OF HUMAN NEURONAL CELLS BY PROTOTYPE AND PRIMARY HIV-1 ISOLATES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:69 (abstract no. 88)
Yi YJ, Kin DL, Kolson DL, Collman RG
These data suggest that some primary HIV-1 isolates may directly infect cells of both neuronal and glial (microphage/microglia) lineage and may thus contribute to both direct and indirect mechanisms of neuronal cell dysfunction and toxicity.
89 HIV-1 MEDIATED FUSION IN T-CELLS EXPRESSING A CD8 TRANSMEMBRANE-SUBSTITUTE CD4 CHIMERIC MOLECULE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:69 (abstract no. 89)
Poulin L, Moir S, Perreault J
This study sheds light on some of the conflicting results reported with GPI-anchored CD4 molecules and indicates that the fusion-defective region of the previously investigated CD4(D1-D2)-CD8 (hinge-transmembrane-cytoplasmic tail) chimeric molecule lies outside the transmembrane domain.
90 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)-α INHIBITS GLUTAMATE UPTAKE BY PRIMARY HUMAN FETAL ASTROCYTES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:69 (abstract no. 90)
Fine S, Angel R, Dewhurst S, Gelbard HA
These results suggest that the neurotoxic effects of TNF-α may be due in part to its ability to inhibit glutamate uptake by astrocytes, which in turn may result in increased synaptic concentrations of glutamate, and overstimulation of excitatory glutamate receptors.
91 STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN LLP1 PEPTIDE SEGMENTS OF HIV-1 TM EXHIBITED BY CALMODULIN AFFINITY OF NATURAL VARIANTS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:69 (abstract no. 91)
Tencza SB, Beary TP, Montelaro RC, Mietzner TA
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the LLP segments of lentiviral TM protein can directly contribute to cytopathogenesis by binding to and inhibiting cellular CaM. Furthermore, our results correlate with the emerging body of literature suggesting a relationship between the presence of these regions and viral cytopathogenesis.
92 BCL-2 EXPRESSION FACILITATES HIV-1-MEDIATED CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS DURING ACUTE SPREADING INFECTIONS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:70 (abstract no. 92)
Sandstrom PA, Pardi D, Goldsmith CS, Diamond AM, Folks TM
In addition, bcl-2 expression is associated with enhanced HIV replication as determined by HIV-1 specific western blot quantitation. These results suggest that cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 may be facilitated by the inhibition of apoptosis.
93 LEVEL OF CELLULAR HLA-DR MOLECULES INCORPORATED ON HIV IS VIRUS STRAIN- AND CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:70 (abstract no. 93)
Tremblay M, Cantin R, Fortin JF
These observations extend beyond already published results and suggest that the process of incorporation of cellular molecules on newly released virus particles is a phenomenon that relies on both the virus strain and producer cell line.
94 ANTIBODIES TO ADHESION MOLECULES AND V3 ACT IN SYNERGY TO NEUTRALIZE HIV-1 PRIMARY ISOLATES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:70 (abstract no. 94)
Hioe C1, Hildreth JE2, Haynes BF3, Pazner SZ1
Overall, these studies indicate that, in addition to CD4, cellular adhesion molecule LFA-1 and its ligand ICAM-1 are involved in HIV infection and that the expression levels of these molecules on cells influence infectivity and hence, antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV.
95 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR P53 EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV DISEASE PROGRESSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:70 (abstract no. 95)
Kim JH1, McLinden RJ2, Michael NL1, Lewis B2, Burke D1, Redfield RR1, Birx DL1
These data establish a new link between p53 expression and HIV disease progression and support the idea that apoptotic mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS. The critical link between p53 expression and apoptosis in PBMC from HIV-infected individuals is under investigation.
96 ALTERATION IN CATION TRANSPORT OF HIV-INFECTED PURIFIED CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:70 (abstract no. 96)
Kort JJ, Jalonen Y
Further, electrophysiological single channel measurements on CD4+ T cells indicate that both gp120 protein and gp41 peptide inhibit oscillations of a-s K+ channels.
97 NUCLEOSOMES ISOLATED FROM THE CELL SURFACE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:70 (abstract no. 97)
Watson K, Edwards RJ, Shaunak S, Gooderham NJ, Davies DS
The elution position was identical to that of nucleosomes prepared from the nuclear fraction of HPB-All cells. Furthermore, CNA extracted from the anion-exchange pruified material was present as a ladder of approximately 180bp units on agarose gel electrophoresis and is consistent with the structure of nucleosomes.
98 RANDOMIZED PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY OF INFLUENZA VACCINATION AND HIV-1 VIRAL LOAD (VL).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:71 (abstract no. 98)
Glesby MJ, Hoover DR, Farzadegan H, Margolick J, Donnenberg A, Miotti P, Taylor E, Gallant J, Saah AJ
Thus, based on the upper bounds of the 95% confidence limits, this controlled study has ruled out a clinically important adverse effect of influenza vaccination on HIV-1 VL.
99 SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION EXPOSURE DOES NOT APPEAR TO EXACERBATE HIV INFECTION IN GAY MEN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:71 (abstract no. 99)
Saah AJ, Horn TD, Hoover DR, Chen C, Whitmore SE, Flynn C, Wesch J, Detels R, Anderson R
At the very least, these data suggest that phenotypic characteristics of high UVR sensitivity and exposure are not highly correlated with decline in T-helper lymphocyte count or with progression to AIDS.
100 THE EFFECT OF STEROID ON PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CHIMPANZEES AND MACAQUE MONKEYS INFECTED WITH HIV-1 OR SHIV.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:71 (abstract no. 100)
Matano T1, Shibata R1, Siemon C1, Rizvi T2, Satterfield WC2, Martin MA1
Virus loads returned to the pretreatment levels following withdrawal of steroid. The effect of intermittent and continuous steroid administration is also being evaluated in macaque monkeys infected with HIV-1/SIV (SHIV) chimeric viruses.
101 M. FASCICULARIS AND M. NEMESTRINA ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO INFECTION WITH A DISTINCT HIV-2 ISOLATE AND INFECTIOUS CLONE OF HIV-2 (GB122).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:71 (abstract no. 101)
Ellenberger DL, Otten RA, Fridlund CA, Schochetman G, Rayfield MA
Preliminary data suggests that cynomolgus and pig-tailed macaques are readily susceptible to infection by HIV-2 infectious clone 165IC and HIV-2GB122 but may in fact differ in their patterns of disease progression.
102 DIFFERENCES IN INFECTIOUSNESS OF HIV-1 VARIANTS IN HU-PBL-SCID MICE.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:71 (abstract no. 102)
Markham RB, Schwartz D, Xiaofang-Yu, Margolick J, Templeton A, Farzadegan H, Vlahov D
These data also suggest that the previously reported increased cytotoxicity of NSI variants in Hu-PBL- SCID mice may be attributable to the increased infectiousness of this viral phenotype in this setting.
103 ANALYSIS OF VIRAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PERINATAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:72 (abstract no. 103)
Paul MO1, Abrams EJ2, Romano J3, Pahwa S1
Culture positivity and higher viral load are possible markers for HIV transmission from mother to child. Plasma virus load (HIV RNA) determination by NASBA is currently under investigation.
104 VIRAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC CORRELATES OF VERTICAL TRANSMISSION IN HIV-INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:72 (abstract no. 104)
Pelton S, Langlois M, Craven D, Donegan P, Walker B
Absence of anti-p24 antibody was associated with increased risk of transmission. Antibody to gp120 or the V3 sequence of MN was not protective. We attempted to determine if the difference in anti-p24 antibody was due to differences in production or completing of antibody with p24. However, since only free anti-p24 could be measured, and no differences in antibody to other HIV antigens or HCP was identified, we can only speculate that the most likely scenario is completing of anti-p24 with p24.
105 ICD P24 ANTIGEN IN PERINATAL HIV INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:72 (abstract no. 105)
Rich KC, Sullivan JL, Janda W, Kalish LA, Lew J, Hofheinz D, Landesman S, Pitt J, Diaz C, Moye J
ICD p24 antigen correlates well with other virologic and immunologic measures of disease activity in HIV-infected infants, and is a useful diagnostic test in confirming or excluding HIV infection in perinatally exposed infants 1 month or older.
106 SEMEN-ASSOCIATED NEUTRALIZATION OF CERVICOVAGINAL PH IN CENTRAL AFRICA.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:72 (abstract no. 106)
Tevi-Benissan C1, Gresengue G2, Si Mohamed A1, Belec L1
(i) Frequent persistence of semen in cervicovaginal secretions from heterosexually active African women leads to a shift from acidity to neutrality, that could favor male-to-female HIV transmission; (ii) Vaginal douching is costless, depends only of the female's decision, permits to eliminate significant amount of semen after sexual intercourse, and possibly could be used for preventing heterosexual HIV transmission in developing countries.
107 TRANSMISSION RATES OF HIV INFECTION FROM SEROPOSITIVE MALE BLOOD DONORS TO THEIR WIVES ACCORDING TO THEIR CD4 LYMPHOCYTE LEVELS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:72 (abstract no. 107)
Nelson KE1, Suryanon V2, Rungruengthanakit K2, Niyomthai S3, Margolick J1, de Boer M1, Kuntolbutra S1
The HIV-1 subtype E virus appears highly infectious by heterosexual contact. Our data suggest that sexual transmission frequently occurs when CD4 lymphocyte levels are high.
108 ORAL LESIONS AMONG CRACK SMOKERS IN THREE INNER-CITY NEIGHBOROODS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HIV TRANSMISSION THROUGH ORAL SEX.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:73 (abstract no. 108)
Faruque S, Edlin BR, McCoy CB, Word CO, Larsen SA, Schmid DS, Von Bargen JC, Serrano Y
This study confirms that crack smokers have a high prevalence of oral lesions and provides evidence that, albeit infrequently, these lesions may facilitate oral transmission of HIV.
109 OUTBREAK VANCOUVER: WHY IS HIV SPREADING AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS (IDU) IN A CITY WITH LONGSTANDING NEEDLE EXCHANGE AND OUTREACH SERVICES?
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:73 (abstract no. 109)
Patrick DM, Strathdee SA, Archibald CP, Offner M, Craib KJ, Cornelisse PG, Rekart ML, O'Shaughnessy MV
Needle sharing continues to play a key role in HIV transmission in Vancouver. The role of unstable housing requires further investigation.
110 HEPATOTOXICITY AND RASH IN SUBJECTS RECEIVING ZIDOVUDINE (ZDV) AND ZALCITABINE (DDC) CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AFTER NEEDLESTICK INJURIES (NSI).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:73 (abstract no. 110)
Henry K, Acosta EP, Erice A, Fletcher CV, Jochimsen E
These reports provide evidence of a severe idiosyncratic adverse reaction to combined ZDV/ddC therapy that is not likely due to elevated plasma drug concentrations. We recommend careful followup when using combinations of anti-HIV drugs in this setting.
111 A PEER EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR ADOLESCENTS IN RURAL UGANDA.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:73 (abstract no. 111)
Mukherjee JS, Osborn G
The results of the implementation phase of the first adolescent peer AIDS education program used in Uganda suggests that it is an effective means of bringing this important information to the next generation of Ugandans and of increasing community awareness and dialogue about AIDS.
112 HIV-1 SEROPREVALENCE AMONG CRACK USERS ATTENDING NYC SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS, 1990-1994.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:73 (abstract no. 112)
Murrill CS, Torian LV, Makki HA, Dicamillo LM, Benson DA, Economou AN, Toribio FE, Weisfuse IB
These data demonstrate an excess in HIV-1 seroprevalence among crack users attending STD clinics. Documentation of such use is most likely underascertained. The data support the need for the integration of prevention services focusing on the association between sexual risk exposures and drug use.
113 HIV SEROPREVALENCE TRENDS IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN NYC WITH ADMISSIONS RELATED TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE. 1991-1994.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:74 (abstract no. 113)
Vavagiakis P, Torian LV, Makki HA, Brennessel D, Weisfuse IB
While HIV seroprevalence decreased in both alcohol and drug-related admissions these data suggest that P is increasing in females admitted for alcohol-related conditions. This increase suggests that HIV counseling and testing programs should not be limited to patients with admitting diagnoses traditionally associated with HIV but rather should extend to patients admitted for other substance use as well. The fact that ETOH users may also use other drugs, which may result in sexual and/or parenteral exposures, should be investigated.
114 ESTIMATING HIV SEROINCIDENCE AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS ENTERING DRUG TREATMENT.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:74 (abstract no. 114)
Prevots DR, Gwinn M, Hunt KV, Linley L, Spruill C, Petersen L
The proportion of participants obtaining any needles from needle exchange programs ranged from 11% in Los Angeles to 58% New York City and 73% in Seattle. Continued surveillance of incident and prevalent infection is needed to evaluate the impact of preventive measures among injection drug users.
115 DROP IN HIV SEROPREVALENCE RATES AMONG MEN AND WOMEN ENTERING MA PRISONS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:74 (abstract no. 115)
Werner B, Eastman E, Gagnon T, Demaria A, Timperi R
Community and prison prevention and education efforts have expanded in the years between these studies. Additional short term HIV seroprevalence studies are planned for those entering state prisons and selected county jail facilities to assess the effectiveness of these programs and to confirm the lower overall positivity seen in 1995.
116 FOUR YEAR HIV SERO-INCIDENCE AT COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL, CHICAGO.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:74 (abstract no. 116)
Sherer R, Cohen G, Cohen M, Williamson M, Addams C, Jones-Redmond S, Jasek J
We found a 2.6% HIV sero-incidence among 420 individuals presenting for repeat HIV C&T at CCH from 1990-1994. Additional strategies for HIV prevention in US public hospitals are needed; further study of HIV vaccine trials is warranted in this population.
117 ABSENCE OF HIV-2 INFECTION IN A U.S. POPULATION AT HIGH RISK FOR INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:74 (abstract no. 117)
Irwin KL, Olivo N, Schable C, Weber JT, Janssen R, Ernst J
Our study suggests that HIV-2 infection in the U.S. is uncommon, even in a population that is potentially at high risk for this infection. Thus, in clinical settings unrelated to blood banking, it is more appropriate to offer HIV-2 testing to persons specifically at risk for HIV-2 than to universally offer it in conjunction with HIV-1 testing. Because weak reactivity to HIV-2 antibody is best explained by cross reactivity with HIV-1, false-positive EIA results are far more likely than true infections in communities with low HIV-2 prevalence.
118 THE HIV NETWORK FOR EFFICACY TRIALS (HIVNET) VACCINE PREPAREDNESS STUDY (VPS): GOALS AND CURRENT STATUS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:74 (abstract no. 118)
Seage G, Metzger D
These data suggest that a domestic cohort at high risk of HIV infection can be rapidly enrolled into a vaccine preparedness study, using a single protocol and data collection instruments across varied and diverse communities. Further follow-up will determine if seroincidence and retention would be adequate to conduct HIV vaccine trials.
119 HIV PREVALENCE IN A COHORT OF MALE AND FEMALE STD CLINIC USERS IN NORTHERN THAILAND.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:75 (abstract no. 119)
Beyrer C, Khamboonruang C, Natpratan C, Celentano DD, Nelson KE
STD clinic and HIV test site users in northern Thailand are an important risk population to evaluate and for controlled trials to prevent HIV infections.
120 HIV-1 SEROPREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE IN THREE UGANDAN MILITARY COHORTS OVER TIME.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:75 (abstract no. 120)
Horn D, Mugyenyi P, Loughlin A, Johnson J, George K, Svilar G, Mugerwa R, Ellner J
These results demonstrate that Ugandan military recruits demonstrate a high but stable HIV-1 seroprevalence rate since 1992. The separate and combined seroincidence rates continue to indicate that the Ugandan military is a suitable population for future interventional research.
121 AIDS IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN NEW YORK CITY: A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:75 (abstract no. 121)
Storck CF, Williams RD, Fordyce EJ, Chiasson MA, Singh T, Forlenza SW
1)Most HCW with AIDS had risk factors for AIDS. 2) HCW/NIR were more likely to be female, older and Black/Hispanic 3) EMT and housekeeper occupations were more likely not to report AIDS-associated risk factors.
122 HIV TRANSMISSION THROUGH BLOOD TRANSFUSION: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND APPROACHES TO RECIPIENT IDENTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:75 (abstract no. 122)
Gill MJ, Townes D, Allaire S, Myers G
Lookback approach facilitated rapid identification of HIV infected recipients. Traceback approaches were very labour intensive but did identify infected donors and facilitate notification of other recipients unaware of their infection.
123 THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF AIDS ON LIFE EXPECTANCY IN NEW YORK CITY: 1983-92.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:75 (abstract no. 123)
Fordyce EJ, Shum R, Singh T, Berenson L, Forlenza S
HIV/AIDS and external causes of death are becoming more important than degenerative diseases in explaining trends in survival in New York City. Future gains in longevity may require greater emphasis on prevention programs.
124 EVALUATION OF CD4 LAB-BASED REPORTING OF AIDS CASES IN NYC.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:75 (abstract no. 124)
Bornschlegel K, Thomas P, Smith P, Singh T, Williams R, Mikl J, Ly S, Rosas P, Forlenza S
Early laboratory-based reports, from a limited number of labs, have been more likely than other AIDS case reports to be white, men, MSM, and outpatients, and to have higher median CD4.
125 CID: A COMPUTERIZED, INTERACTIVE DATABASE FOR AIDS CARE AND RESEARCH.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:76 (abstract no. 125)
Walker C, Bielefeld R, Salata R, Cargill V, Gripshover B, Lederman M
Summary lists and reports can be generated from any one or a combination of captured parameters for epidemiological studies or to identify patients eligible for research protocols. This flexible, interactive, three-dimensional database provides real-time, corrected patient information to support clinical care and clinical research.
126 THE ACCURACY OF DEATH CERTIFICATES IN HIV INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:76 (abstract no. 126)
Kravcik S, Gilbert L, Hawley-Foss N, Cameron DW
The limited accuracy of data from death certificates is well known; we have measured this inaccuracy in an unselected series of cases associated with a dedicated HIV clinic in a tertiary care hospital.
127 HTLV 1/2 AND HIV INFECTION IN DRUG ADDICTS (DA).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:76 (abstract no. 127)
Esposito C, Cuoho N, Norelli F, Dispirito A, Tarro G
The presence of HTLV-2 positivity moreover among III and IV AIDS groups, according to the CDC classification, leads to the hypothesis of an etiopathogenetic infection role during AIDS and its possible role in the HIV disease progression.
128 FIRST CASE OF HIV-1 GROUP O INFECTION IN SPAIN.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:76 (abstract no. 128)
Soriano V, Gutierrez M, Garcia-Lerma G, Mas A, Bravo R, Aguilera O, Perez-Labad ML, Gonzalez-Lahoz J
The reported case in a Spanish born person stress the possibility of spreading of divergent HIV-1 isolates worldwide, and reinforce the convenience of periodical surveillance studies at international level in order to adapt the screening serological tests as new faces of the HIV epidemic are appearing.
129 MATERNAL ZIDOVUDINE(ZDV) USE AND THE VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV-1 (VT).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:76 (abstract no. 129)
Oliveira RH, Mitchell C, Gomez-Marin O, O'Sullivan MJ, Alfonso C, Scott G
Although not statistically significant, due to small sample sizes in each Co, these preliminary results indicate that different ZDV regimens may reduce VT.
130 FIRST REPORT OF AN HIV-1 INFECTED LONG-TERM SURVIVING MOTHER-CHILD PAIR: MOLECULAR ANALYSES OF VIRUS FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:77 (abstract no. 130)
Saksena N, Ge YC, Wang B, Cunningham A, Dwyer D, Ziegler J, Palasanthiran P
These analyses provide the first evidence of HIV-1 infection in a long-surviving mother-child pair and this study has the potential to provide deeper insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis in LTNs.
131 HIV-1 GROUP O VIRUS MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:77 (abstract no. 131)
Chaix ML, Chappey C, Burgard M, Letourneur F, Igual J, Saragosti S, Rouzioux C
We report the first case of HIV-1 group O mother-to-child transmission. The evolution of sequences of the infected child reveals a high intravariability, probably in agreement with the development of a severe form of the disease.
132 AZT RESISTANCE AND HIV-1 MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:77 (abstract no. 132)
Weiser B, Burger H, Weislow O, Fang G, Nachman S, Tropper P, Mayers D
This study documents mother-to-child transmission of AZT-resistant HIV-1 from mothers with high viral loads who developed AZT resistance during pregnancy. These data illustrate that assay of plasma HIV-I RNA level and AZT resistance by PCR may help to monitor the efficacy of antiviral therapy during pregnancy. They suggest that multiple therapeutic approaches may be necessary to reduce maternal viral load and prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
133 COMPARISON OF AZT AND DDI AS FIRST-LINE TREATMENTS IN PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED PATIENTS WITH MILDLY SYMPTOMATIC HIV DISEASE. A RANDOMISED, MULTICENTER STUDY (ISS 902).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:77 (abstract no. 133)
Vella S, Floridia M, Seeber AC, Tomino C, Fragola V, Chiesi A, Weimer LE
The analysis of progression to AIDS or death showed however that the ddI/AZT RR of progression was not constant over time, with a lower risk of progression in the first 18 months for AZT-treated patients (crude ddI/AZT RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.99-2.11), and an opposite trend, favouring ddI thereafter: inclusion of linear change in RR showed an annual declining rate of the ddI/AZT RR of 0.5 (95% CI 0.32-0.78, p=0.002). Different causes possibly responsible for this phenomenon have been analysed, including differences of efficacy of the two drugs according to the CD4 status at baseline and adherence to allocated treatment.
134 SAFETY PROFILE OF LAMIVUDINE (3TC) IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HIV-INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:77 (abstract no. 134)
Fong IW
The most frequent side effects were hair loss 5 (13.9%), neuritis 5 (13.9%), anaemia 4 (11.1%), leucopenia 4 (11.1%) with 2 severe neutropenia (< 500 cell), nausea and vomiting 3 (8.3%). 3TC is less well tolerated in advanced HIV disease, compared to reports in earlier stages of the disease, and can cause serious side effects.
135 CHARACTERIZATION OF A SUBGROUP OF LONG-TERM ZIDOVUDINE-RESPONDERS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:78 (abstract no. 135)
Mas A, Heredia A, Vallejo A, Soriano V, Bravo R, Moreno V, Martinez P, Hewlett I, Glez-Lahoz J
a prolonged immunological benefit can be observed in some subjects with mild immunological deterioration, ongoing ZDV monotherapy. This effect seems to be associated with a characteristic virological profile, in which a low viral load is the most relevant finding. The prevalence and impact of ZDV resistance mutations in these patients will be discussed.
136 PLASMA HIV RNA LEVELS DURING STAVUDINE (D4T) THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED AIDS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:78 (abstract no. 136)
Gowland PL, Cone RW, Opravil M, Ruef C, Wittmer M, Luthy R
One month of d4T therapy produced a small but significant reduction in the plasma HIV-1 RNA load in our patients with advanced HIV disease.
137 THE EFFECT OF DIDANOSINE (DDI) VS CONTINUED ZIDOVUDINE (ZDV) ON PLASMA VIREMIA AMONG HIV INFECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH AT LEAST 6 MONTHS OF PRIOR ZDV THERAPY (CTN 002).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:78 (abstract no. 137)
Conway B, Montaner JS, Raboud JM, Rae S, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT and the CTN 002 Study Group
Our preliminary data shows a significant decrease in viral load among patients who switch to ddI after 6 months of ZDV therapy.
138 A PHASE I TRIAL OF VESNARINONE IN HIV-INFECTED PERSONS WITH CD4+ CELLS COUNTS > 200 CELLS/μl.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:78 (abstract no. 138)
Kiat R, Tirawatnapong S, Ubolyam S, Suthapinthu P, Nookhai S, Aihara K, Ohi H, Adachi M, Phanuphak
Vesnarinone 60 mg/day is well tolerated and is a promising candidate of anti-HIV agent for further phase II control study.
139 DOSE-ESCALATING PHARMACOKINETICS OF AZT-P-DDI (LVX-E-59) AFTER SHORT-TERM INTRAVENOUS INFUSION AND ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:78 (abstract no. 139)
Zhou XJ, Squires K, Bernhard S, Deloach L, Duchin KL, Sommadossi JP
High oral bioavailability of AZT and ddI with values of 74 % and 43%, respectively, and large tissue distribution as evidenced by Vss of 207.7 and 125.31 for AZT and ddI further demonstrate favorable pharmacologic properties of IVX-E-59 and warrant subsequent clinical trials.
140 PHASE I/II RANDOMIZED, OPEN-LABEL STUDY OF ORAL CURCUMIN SAFETY, AND ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS ON HIV-RT PCR IN HIV+ INDIVIDUALS.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:78 (abstract no. 140)
Hellinger JA, Cohen CJ, Dugan ME, Day JM, Cavanaugh JF, Glidden D
Overall, neither high low dose curcumin appears to significantly decrease HIV-RNA copy number, or to change CD4+ cell counts. A mixed effects model was fit which included main effects for treatment, drug week, immediate\delay, with a treatment by week interaction. This model found that the dosing group had no effect on RNA copy number (χ2 df 3,= 2.41, p= 0.49), or CD4+lymphocytes (χ2 df3,=3.54, p=0.32). Steady state drug level testing is pending.
141 DURATION OF EFFECT OF NEVIRAPINE (NVP), A CROSS-TRIAL ANALYSIS OF THREE CONTROLLED STUDIES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:79 (abstract no. 141)
Hall D, Robinson P, Cort S, Kohlbrenner V, Leitz G, Myers M
NVP prolongs the time markers turn to baseline. The duration of NVP effect in combination therapy with nucleosides is influenced by patient population and choice of nucleosides. CD4+ count, highly variable with multiplicative measurement error, tended to underestimate the duration of treatment effect.
142 VIROLOGICAL EFFICACY OF STAVUDINE VS PLACEBO IN EARLY HIV INFECTION.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:79 (abstract no. 142)
Calvez V, Fauveau V, Ferchal F, Van PN, Katlama C, Nicolas JC, Morinet F, Agut H
A dose-dependent efficacy of stavudine was observed as compared to placebo in asymptomatic subjects with high CD4 cell count. The analysis of cell culture and plasma RNA viremias provided concordant significant results. Implications for the design of future virological evaluations will be discussed.
143 COADMINISTRATION WITH RITONAVIR ENHANCES THE PLASMA LEVELS OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS BY INHIBITION OF CYTOCHROME P450.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:79 (abstract no. 143)
Kempf D, Marsh K, Denissen J, Kumar G, Rodrigues D, McDonald E, Flentge C, Green B, Chen X, Leonard J, Norbeck D
Since the emergence of resistant mutants is inversely related to drug levels, these results suggest that combination therapy of ritonavir and other peptidomimetic protease inhibitors will produce a sustained antiviral effect in vivo. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic enhancement of agents with resistance profiles orthogonal to that of ritonavir (e.g. saquinavir) suggests a two-dimensional synergy for AIDS therapy.
144 IN VITRO AND IN VIVO METABOLISM AND CYTOCHROME P450 INDUCTION STUDIES WITH THE HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITOR, VIRACEPT (AG1343).
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:79 (abstract no. 144)
Webber S, Shetty B, Wu E, Zorbas M
The parallel, but species-specific modulation in CYP3A activity and microsomal AG1343 metabolism demonstrated in these studies for both rats and monkeys following repeat-dose oral treatment with AG1343, suggests an involvement of this P450 isoenzyme in AG1343 hepatic metabolism. Studies are ongoing to correlate these findings with the results of in vitro microsomal metabolism studies of AG1343 in human microsome preparations.
145 IN VIVO EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE TO THE HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITOR INDINAVIR.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:80 (abstract no. 145)
Condra JH, Schleif WA, Blahy OM, Danovich RM, Gabryelski LJ, Graham DJ, Quintero JC, Rhodes A, Robbins HL, Roth E, Shivaprakash M, Titus D, Yang T, Chodakewitz JA, Deutsch PJ, Holder DJ, Emini EA
The existence of these multiple, overlapping cross-resistance patterns strongly suggests that initial therapy with any one of these protease inhibitors may select for mutations that will facilitate the emergence of resistance to a second inhibitor given later. Taken together, these observations also indicate that therapy should begin with the highest safe dose of the most efficacious inhibitor(s) available, to provide both a greater barrier to resistance selection and to suppress the viral replication required for this selection.
146 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF THE HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR INDINAVIR SULFATE (MK 639) AT ESCALATING DOSES.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:80 (abstract no. 146)
Steigbigel RT, Berry P, Mellors J, McMahon D, Teppler H, Stein D, Drusano G, Deutsch P, Yeh K, Hildebrand C, Nessly M, Emini E, Chodakewitz J
Differences between groups were not statistically discernible. The major reported clinical adverse event was transient nephrolithiasis, usually not requiring stopping medication. MK 639 was generally well tolerated and appeared to be a potent inhibitor of HIV as evidenced by large and persistent falls in HIV RNA as well as increases in CD4 cell count. A dose of 800 mg q8h was selected for further evaluation in phase Ill studies.
147 FOLLOW UP DATA FROM AN OPEN LABEL PHASE 1 EVALUATION OF THE HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR MK-639.
Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1; 3rd:80 (abstract no. 147)
Stein DS, Fish DG, Chodakewitz J, Emini E, Hildebrand C, Preston SL, Macdonald C, Drusano GL
The patients' weights increased an average of 3.5 kg and remained stable. MK-639 appears to have significant antiviral activity and is well tolerated. Further evaluation of higher d