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6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic InfectionsChicago, IL - January 31-February 4, 1999 |
Cite as: Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:Abstract No. xx
| 1 | Expanded tropism of human immunodeficiency virus by a trans-receptor mechanism. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:67 (abstract no. 1) Goldsmith MA, Esser U, Penn ML, Eckstein DA, Sweet R, Pulliam L, Chan S, Speck RF; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) primarily targets cells coexpressing CD4 and an appropriate coreceptor, such as CCR5, through a multistep binding and fusion process. Infection of diverse CD4-negative cell types has also been detected in vivo and in vitro, and these events may contribute to pathogenesis and the ... |
| 2 | Blocking of HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse leads to a co-receptor switch. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:67 (abstract no. 2) Poignard P, Peng T, Sabbe R, Newman W, Mosier DE, Burton DR; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Blocking of HIV-1 coreceptors, in particular CCR5, is a promising new strategy to treat HIV-1 infection. To study the consequences of CCR5 blocking in vivo, we treated HIV-1 infected hu-PBL-SCID mice with the anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody 2D7, as a model for agents capable of blocking CCR5. Hu-PBL reconstituted SCID ... |
| 3 | Natural infection of a red-capped mangabey with a homozygous CCR5 defect (Δ24) by a CCR2b-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:67 (abstract no. 3) Chen Z, Kwon D, Jin Z, Monard S, Telfer P, Jones MS, Aguilar R, Lu CY, Ho DD, Marx PA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a dominant role in mediating viral entry for genetically divergent HIV and SIV. Individuals with a homozygous 32-bp deletion (Δ32) in CCR5 have demonstrated resistance to CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection. A functionally equivalent, homozygous 24-bp deletion (delta24) was found in the CCR5 ... |
| 4 | Lack of fitness of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:67 (abstract no. 4) Stoddart C, Mammano F, Moreno M, Linquist-Stepps V, Bare C, Clavel F, McCune JM; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Impaired viral fitness of protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant HIV-1 may explain why PI-treated patients often have stable CD4+ counts despite emergence of PI resistance and increasing plasma viral RNA. Mutations in protease that confer PI resistance have been shown to impair protease catalytic activity and viral ... |
| 5 | Discrimination between active and inducible viral RNA transcription in HIV-1 infected subjects regardless of effective antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:67 (abstract no. 5) Derdeyn CA, Kilby JM, Miralles GD, Sfakianos G, Saag M, Hockett RD, Bucy RP; University of Alabama, Birmingham. Combination antiretroviral therapy given to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients can result in sustained suppression of viral replication. However, recent studies have shown that a reservoir of latently infected T cells exists. We investigated whether a population of transcriptionally active ... |
| 6 | Residual HIV RNA and DNA in lymph node and HIV RNA in genital secretions and in CSF after two years of suppression of viremia in the Merck 035 cohort. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:68 (abstract no. 6) Wong J, Gunthard H, Fiscus S, Zhang Z, Schleif W, Havlir D, Eron J, Mellors J, Gulick R, Valentine F, Jonas L, Ignacio C, Dao P, Isaacs R, Emini E, Haase A, Richman D; University of California, San Diego. Treatment with indinavir , zidovudine and lamivudine (IDV/ZDV/ 3TC ) can result in the sustained suppression of viremia for >3 years. Previous studies of lymph nodes(LN) in a subset of the Merck 035 cohort demonstrated reductions of 4 log10 copies viral ... |
| 7 | HIV-1 reservoirs exist in the semen of men receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:68 (abstract no. 7) Pomerantz RJ, Dornadula G, Beumont M, Livornese L, Van Uitert B, Henning K, Zhang H; Dept. of Med., Thomas Jefferson Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively decrease the levels HIV-1 virions in the peripheral blood plasma and seminal fluid of infected men. In this study, we investigated whether the genital tract of HIV-1-infected men on HAART, with no detectable virus in the peripheral blood, harbors ... |
| 8 | Evidence for HIV-1 latent infection in exposed seronegative individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:68 (abstract no. 8) Zhu T, Corey L, Akridge R, Change Y, Feng F, Kim J, Alef C, McElroy A, Mullins J, McElrath J; University of Washington, Seattle. Some individuals are chronically exposed to HIV-1 but fail to seroconvert, and it is not known if these exposed seronegative individuals (ESs) have latent HIV-1 infection. Since 1996, we identified and prospectively followed 37 individuals who remain persistently HIV-1 seronegative despite repeatedly high-risk sexual ... |
| 9 | Refined estimates for HIV-1 clearance rate and intracellular delay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:68 (abstract no. 9) Mittler JE, Markowitz M, Ho DD, Perelson AS; Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. Data on the decline of HIV-1 RNA in patients treated with the protease inhibitor ritonavir was reanalyzed using a mathematical model for viral dynamics that accounts for the time delay due to the eclipse phase of viral growth (i.e., the delay between infection of a cell and the release of virus). Using an upper bound ... |
| 10 | Rapid clearance of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles defined by perturbing the dynamic equilibrium with plasma apheresis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:68 (abstract no. 10) Ramratnam B, Bonhoeffer S, Hurley A, Markowitz M, Zhang L, Perelson A, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. HIV infection is characterized by a dynamic equilibrium between virus production and clearance. Previously, the t1/2 of plasma virions has been estimated to be ... |
| 11 | Antiviral activity and resistance profile of AG1776, a novel inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:69 (abstract no. 11) Patick AK, Shintani M, Sato H, Ueno T, Mimoto T, Hayashi H, Nash TC, Wang B, Jackson RL, Cao JQ, Potts KE; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA. Although clinical trial results have confirmed the utility of HIV protease inhibitors as integral components of potent antiviral therapeutic regimens. The emergence of cross-resistant virus strains has been associated with poor response to subsequent salvage regimens. AG1776 (formerly JE-2147) is a potent inhibitor ... |
| 12 | Antiviral activity and resistance profile of AG1549, a novel HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:69 (abstract no. 12) Potts KE, Fujiwara T, Sato A, Jackson RL, Cao J, Nash TC, Wang B, Patick AK; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA. Inhibitors which target the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme of HIV-1 are an integral part of current therapeutic regimens. However, due to the rapid selection of resistant HIV-1 variants in vivo and to the high degree with which cross-resistance is observed for this class of antiviral agents, there is a pressing ... |
| 13 | DMP 961 and DMP 963: 2nd generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors active against the RT K103N mutant. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:69 (abstract no. 13) Erickson-Viitanen S, Corbett J, Ko S, Rodgers J, Trainor G, Parsons R, Diamond S, Christ D, Lai CM, Jeffrey S, Garber S, Reid C, Bacheler L, Klabe R, Rabel S, Saye J, Adams S; The DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE. INTRODUCTION: In patients who fail HAART regimens containing any currently available NNRTI, RT mutation of K103N, alone, or in combination with other RT substitutions is frequently observed. We wished to design 2nd generation NNRTIs capable of inhibiting the broadly cross-resistant K103N mutant virus, while ... |
| 14 | A multiple regression model predicting response to combination therapy from baseline sequence data identifies amino acid sites not previously associated with resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:69 (abstract no. 14) Precious H, Leigh Brown AJ, Gunthard HF, Wong JK, D'Aquila RT, Johnson VA, Kuritzkes DR, Richman DD; University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Amino acid variation in the RT domain from baseline isolates was obtained from 55 patients enrolled into ACTG 241, a randomized clinical trial of AZT /ddI/ Nevirapine vs AZT/ddI. In this trial a proportion of patients maintained a significant virological response to therapy to 48 weeks (response = ratio of baseline ... |
| 15 | ABT-378/ritonavir therapy in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-I infected patients for 24 weeks. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:69 (abstract no. 15) Murphy R, King M, Brun S, Orth K, Hicks C, Eron J, Thommes J, Gulick R, Thompson M, White C, Benson C, Hammer S, Kessler H, Bertz R, Hsu A, Kempf D, Sun E, Japour A; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. To assess the safety, tolerability and antiviral activity of the protease inhibitor ABT-378/ ritonavir (ABT-378/r) 200/100 mg BID, 400/100 mg BID, and 400/200 mg BID with stavudine and lamivudine. Two groups of antiretroviral-naïve patients were ... |
| 16 | A phase I/II randomized, controlled study of FTC versus 3TC in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:70 (abstract no. 16) Delehanty J, Wakeford C, Hulett L, Quinn J, McCreedy B, Almond M, Miralles D, Rousseau F; Triangle Pharmaceuticals, Durham, NC. FTC ([1-beta-L-FTC] 2 ,3 -dideoxy-5-fluoro-3 -thiacytidine) possesses potent in vitro activity against HIV-1 (EC50 10-20nM) and HBV(EC50 10-40nM). The in vitro activity against HIV-1 is approximately 4-10 fold greater than with 3TC . This phase I/II randomized study evaluated antiviral activity, as measured by plasma ... |
| 17 | A phase I gene therapy trial of autologous CD34+ cells transduced with an anti-HIV ribozyme. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:70 (abstract no. 17) Amado R, Rosenblatt J, Zack J, Reier A, Ely J, Symonds G, Mitsuyasu R; University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles. Known limitations of antiretroviral drug therapy include cumbersome treatment schedules, emergence of viral resistance and drug toxicities. We have designed a phase I gene therapy study to test the safety and feasibility of introducing an anti-HIV-1 ribozyme targeting tat RNA sequences into CD34+ progenitor cells. |
| 18 | The Atlantic study: a randomised open-label study comparing two protease inhibitors (PI)-sparing antiretroviral strategies versus a standard PI-containing regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:70 (abstract no. 18) Katlama C, Murphy R, Johnson V, Squires K, Horban A, Gatell J, Clotet B, Staszewski S, VanLeeuwen R, Clumeck N, Moroni M, Pavia A, Schmidt Au Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Antunes F, Gulick R, Banhegyi D, Montaner J, Calvez V, Sommadossi JP, Lange J; Department of Infectious Diseases, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. The relative antiviral effects of convergent (aimed at the same HIV target) versus divergent (aimed at different HIV targets) triple combination therapy were investigated in this international clinical antiretroviral trial in previously untreated HIV-infected patients. To compare the safety, ... |
| 19 | Ziagen (abacavir, ABC, 1592) combined with 3TC & ZDV is highly effective and durable through 48 weeks in HIV-1 infected antiretroviral-therapy-naïve subjects (CNAA3003). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:70 (abstract no. 19) Fischl M, Greenberg S, Clumeck N, Peters B, Rubio R, Gould J, Boone G, West M, Spreen B, Lafon S; University of Miami, FL. Assess the safety and efficacy of ABC/ 3TC /ZDV for 48 weeks. 173 therapy-naïve pts were randomized to double-blind ABC/3TC/ZDV or 3TC/ZDV. At week 16 all pts had the option of switching to open-label ABC/3TC/ZDV. In addition, pts with confirmed vRNA > 400 cps/mL could switch to a new regimen to ... |
| 20 | Ziagen/combivir is equivalent to indinavir/combivir in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve adults at 24 weeks (CNA3005). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:70 (abstract no. 20) Staszewski S, Keiser P, Gathe J, Haas D, Montaner J, Hammer S, Delfraissy JF, Cutrell A, Lafon S, Thorborn D, Pearce G, Spreen W, Tortell S; University of Frankfurt, Germany. Compare antiviral effect, CD4 response & safety of Ziagen ( Abacavir , ABC [300mg BID]) + Combivir (3TC ... |
| 21 | Direct evidence for de novo T cell generation in adults is provided by the presence of T cell receptor DNA excision circles in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:71 (abstract no. 21) Poulin JF, Viswanathan MN, Komanduri KV, Wieder E, Ringuette N, Brizard F, Harris J, Bourbonniere M, McCune JM, Sekaly RP; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. De novo T cell production is thought to occur in human although its magnitude, its diversity and its features are not clearly understood. Some have postulated that de novo T cell output remains stable and its decrease is due to the continuous challenge of T cells by antigens. |
| 22 | T cell renewal impaired in HIV-1 infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:71 (abstract no. 22) Clark DR, Repping S, Pakker NG, Prins JM, Danner SA, Lange JM, Miedema F; CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Impaired T cell renewal has been proposed as a mechanism for the observed T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection. We have examined the T cell progenitor capacity of three groups of HIV-1 infected individuals using an in vitro T cell development system, fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC). |
| 23 | Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-specific cellular immunity in acute HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:71 (abstract no. 23) Malhotra U, Berrey MM, Huang Y, Markee J, Musey L, Schacker T, Corey L, McElrath MJ; University of Washington, Seattle. Profound viremia, associated with CD4+ T cell loss and helper dysfunction, is a hallmark of acute HIV-1 infection. Suppression of viral replication by antiretroviral therapy early in infection may be key in preserving cellular immunity. |
| 24 | Influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on CD8 T cell oligoclonality in HIV infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:71 (abstract no. 24) Kharbanda M, Chitnis V, Than S, Bakshi S, Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) involving cytotoxic CD8 T cells is considered to play an essential role in controlling HIV replication. The aim of this study was to evaluate CD8 T cell repertoire diversity to gain insight into CMI and evaluate the influence of HAART in HIV infected children. |
| 25 | A reevaluation of HIV-1 specific CTL precursor frequencies during acute HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:71 (abstract no. 25) Wilson JD, Ogg GS, Kelleher A, Allen RL, Davis C, Shaunak S, Downie J, Dyer W, Workman C, Sullivan J, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones SL; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, ICSM, London, UK. Only a small number of studies have analysed the CTL response during acute HIV infection. Previous studies that attempted to quantitate levels of HIV specific CTL precursor frequencies during primary HIV infection have used limiting dilution analysis (LDA). This is probably because LDA requires the survival and ... |
| 26 | In vivo migration and antiviral activity of transferred HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:72 (abstract no. 26) Brodie S, Lewinsohn D, Patterson B, Ryncarz A, Corey L, Greenberg P, Riddell S; University of Washington, Seattle. The persistence of HIV replication in in vivo has been suggested to reflect an inadequate CTL response. The antiviral activity of HIV-specific CTL, duration of persistence, and the ability of these effector cells to migrate in vivo to sites of infection was assessed by expanding autologous HIV gag-specific CD8+ CTL ... |
| 27 | Quantitative analysis of HIV-specific CD4+ memory T cells by flow cytometry. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:72 (abstract no. 27) Pitcher C, Quittner C, Peterson D, Connors M, Koup R, Maino V, Picker L; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. CD4+ T cell responses are thought to be important for the long term maintenance of effective host defense against chronic viral infections, and these responses may have a similar role in HIV infection. In this study, we used a novel flow cytometric assay that allows rapid single cell detection of Ag-specific T cell ... |
| 28 | Differential infection of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ CD4 T cells by syncytium inducing (SI) and non-syncytium inducing (NSI) HIV-1 variants. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:72 (abstract no. 28) Blaak H, Van A, Wout T, Brouwer M, Hooibrink B, Hovenkamp E, Schuitemaker H; CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Academical Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In 50% of HIV-1 infected individuals SI variants evolve during the course of disease, which is associated with an accelerated loss of CD4 T cells. The coreceptor of NSI variants, CCR5, is mainly expressed on memory T cells, while the major co-receptor of SI variants, CXCR4, is mainly expressed on naïve T cells. |
| 29 | Cytokine and chemokine levels in HIV-1 positive patients treated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) and recombinant IL-2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:72 (abstract no. 29) Van Praag M, Prins J, Ten Berge I, Schellekens P, Lange J; University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In HIV-1 positive patients treated with a potent antiretroviral regimen (HAART) not all their replication competent HIV is eliminated. One of the potential reservoirs are the resting CD4+ cells. A possible strategy to activate these cells in vivo might be the administration of OKT3 ... |
| 30 | Influences on the CD4+ lymphoproliferative response in HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:72 (abstract no. 30) Binley J, Schiller D, Hurley A, Krausslich G, Jones I, Roux K, Ho D, Markowitz M, Moore J; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. We address two issues influencing the T-proliferative response to HIV-1 Gag antigens in HAART recipients: The virologic characteristics of individuals who have a strong Gag-specific T-proliferative response; The properties of the Gag antigens that best induce T-cell proliferation in vitro. |
| 31 | Longitudinal analysis of CTL precursor frequency in rhesus macaques immunized with live attenuated SIVmac239 deltanef and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac251. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:73 (abstract no. 31) Nixon DF, Kakimoto WM, Donahoe SM, Gettie A, Ho DD, Marx P, Connor R; The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Live attenuated virus vaccines have been shown to provide protection against challenge with a pathogenic SIV in a primate model. Although the correlates of protection have not been established, protection appears to be associated with length of time between immunization and challenge. 5 out of 8 macaques challenged ... |
| 32 | Analysis of immune selection of HIV-1 by CTL in a cohort of HIV+ patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:73 (abstract no. 32) Bauerle M, Goldwich A, Schmitt M, Harrer E, Gradner I, Schindler K, Low P, Kalden JR, Harrer T; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, Germany. HIV-1 can evade the immune response by the development of escape mutations in CTL epitopes. To study the influence of CTL escape on the course of HIV-1-infection we started an analysis of sequence variation in defined CTL epitopes of HIV-1 quasispecies in a cohort of HIV-1-infected patients. |
| 33 | HIV-specific T cell gene therapy in subjects with undetectable viremia on HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:73 (abstract no. 33) Hege K, Wagner B, Mitsuyasu R, Anton P, Scadden D, Kwok S, Lazar R, Pennathur-Das R, Deeks S; Cell Genesys, Foster City, CA. Despite suppression of plasma HIV RNA to undetectable levels in many subjects on HAART, residual reservoirs of HIV-infected cells persist. One strategy for HIV eradication is enhancement of immune-mediated clearance of chronically infected cells. We have designed an HIV-specific chimeric receptor. CD4-zeta... |
| 34 | Rantes and IFN b as immune mediators to enhance efficiency of anti-HIV specific cytotoxic T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:73 (abstract no. 34) Hadida F, Vieillard V, De Maeyer E, Baggiolini M, Autran B, Debre P; Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Rantes and IFNb are immune mediators which have distinct antiviral activities against HIV. To combine antiviral therapy with an immune based intervention as a novel therapeutic approach to AIDS, we studied the effects of Rantes and IFNb on HIV specific T cell cytotoxicity. We found that Rantes makedly enhanced T cell ... |
| 35 | CD8+ lymphocytes from HCV/HBV patients are able to inhibit HIV replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:73 (abstract no. 35) Machado E, Lau D, O'Callahan M, Mizell S, Ehler L, Dybul M; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. The aim of this study was to verify if CD8+ T cells from patients with other viral diseases can suppress HIV via a noncytolytic pathway. 5 patients (pts) who evolved to complete clearance of HCV, 10 patients which cleared both HBeAg and HBsAg, either spontaneously or after treatment with interferon |
| 36 | Effect of passive infusion of SIV immune IgG into infected monkeys with limited endogenous anti-SIV responses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:74 (abstract no. 36) Binley JM, Clas B, Gettie A, Montefiori DC, Lewis M, Vesanen M, Bonhoeffer S, Ho DD, Marx P, Moore JP; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Some SIVmac251-infected macaques progress rapidly. Primary viremia is not fully cleared, so high viral loads persist and no significant antibody response to SIV is generated. This provides an opportunity to determine the effect of exogenous anti-SIV Abs on plasma viremia, since they are not diluted by endogenous Abs. |
| 37 | A rapid assay for determination of the neutralization of multiple primary isolates of HIV-1 by patient sera. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:74 (abstract no. 37) Dreyer K, Kallas EG, Planelles V, Montefiori D, Evans TG; University of Rochester, NY. Sera from highly selected patients are known to have the ability to neutralize a diverse array of primary isolates of HIV-1. However, the methodologies using PBMC assays are painstaking and have donor-associated variability. We have adapted the GHOST cell lines which express CD4 and selective chemokine receptors to ... |
| 38 | Probing of epitopes associated with HIV-1 primary virus cross-reactive neutralizing antibody (NA) response. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:74 (abstract no. 38) Quinnan G, Zhang P, Chen X; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. We studied neutralization of an HIV-1 envelope protein, designated R2, from a donor with a highly cross-reactive, primary virus neutralizing antibody response, reflected in his serum, the reference Neutralizing Human Serum (2) (Ref 2). R2-Pseudovirus (PV) was consistently neutralized by sera tested from people infected ... |
| 39 | The protection of cynomolgus monkeys vaccinated with a delta-nef live attenuated SIV is maintained after multiple challenges with SIV and SHIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:74 (abstract no. 39) Titti F, Corrias F, Sernicola L, Belli R, Maggiorella MT, Michelini Z, Macchia I, Koanga-Mogtomo M, Baroncelli S, Verani P; Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Rome, Italy. The infection of cynomolgus monkeys with the C8 variant of the SIVmac251/32H, carrying an in frame 12-bp deletion in the nef gene, results in a persistent infection associated with an extremely low viral burden in PBMC. Four vaccinated monkeys resulted protected from a 1st challenge with 50 MID50 of SIVmac 251/BK28, ... |
| 40 | Use of mutant SIV DNA immunization to mimic attenuated virus vaccines. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:74 (abstract no. 40) Arthur LO, Gorelick RJ, Benveniste RE, Lifson JD, Yovandich JL, Rossio JL, Esser MT, Bess JW, Henderson LE; SAIC Frederick and NCI, NCI-FCRDC, MD. The most effective viral vaccines for humans have been attenuated viruses. However, a major concern with attenuated viruses is safety, especially retroviruses that integrate into the host s genome and have a high mutation rate such as HIV-1. With the advent of techniques that allows in vivo expression of a DNA ... |
| 41 | Multi-component DNA immunization provides significant immunity against immunodeficiency virus challenge. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:75 (abstract no. 41) Kim J, Nottingham L, Vancott T, Manson K, Wyand M, Agadjanyan M, Boyer J, Ugen K, Weiner D; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. DNA vaccines for HIV env/rev and SIV gag/pol were compared for their immunogenecity along side vaccines prepared to include IL-2 or IFN-g (Th1) or IL-4 (Th2) cytokine cDNA constructs. The cytokines dramatically enhanced seroconversion induced by the vaccines and appeared to modulate cellular responses as well, ... |
| 42 | In vitro and in vivo characterization of primate lentiviral virions inactivated by targeting nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:75 (abstract no. 42) Lifson J, Rossio J, Esser M, Piatak M Jr, Schneider D, Coalter V, Li L, Parks T, Imming R, Grimes M, Bess J, Suryanarayana K, Benveniste R, Henderson L, Arthur L; SAIC Frederick, and National Cancer Institute, NCI-FCRDC, MD. We used the disulfide reagent 2,2 -dithiodipyridine to inactivate the infectivity of HIV-1 and SIV virions by covalent modification of the essential zinc fingers in their nucleocapsid (NC) proteins. Western blot and HPLC analysis of treated virus preparations revealed extensive crosslinking of NC p7/p8 into high ... |
| 43 | Phase I study of the safety and immunogenicity of an ALVAC vaccine in children born to HIV infected mothers: preliminary results. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:75 (abstract no. 43) Johnson D, McFarland E, Kang M, Fenton T, McNamara J, Hawkins E, Starr S, Bouquin P, El Habib R, Excler JL, Read J, Lambert J; National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. ALVAC-HIV vCP205 (Pasteur Merieux Connaught) is a recombinant Canarypox virus HIV vaccine that expresses gag p55-poly protein, p15 protein, and anchoring region of gp41 of HIV-1 LAI, and gp120 of HIV-1 MN. It is safe and immunogenic in adults. We report preliminary safety and lymphocyte proliferation (LP) data from ... |
| 44 | Induction of cellular immune responses in HIV-1 seronegative volunteers with a DNA vaccine. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:75 (abstract no. 44) Boyer J, MacGregor R, Ginsberg R, Cohen A, Vogt S, Schumann K, Nath B, Lacy K, Bagarazzi M, Higgins T, Baine Y, Ciccarelli R, Weiner D; Department of Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. DNA vaccines have demonstrated, in a number of animal models, the induction of both antigen specific cellular responses. We are currently testing a facilitated DNA based vaccine in a Phase I clinical trial. The vaccine encodes HIV-1 proteins, env and rev. Sequential groups of 6 subjects each received 3 doses of ... |
| 45 | Induction of in vitro resistance to R4 and R5 HIV-1 by vaccination with ALVAC vCP300 canarypox vector containing env, gag, pol, and nef gene segments. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:75 (abstract no. 45) John R, Castillo R, Arango-Jaramillo S, Turner B, Iyengar S, Schwartz D; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD. We have previously described an in vitro challenge assay in which PBMC resistance to outgrowth of endogenous HIV correlates with resistance to exogenous inocula of CXCR4 tropic HIV-1MN and CCR5 tropic HIV-1BaL. We have subsequently validated this assay in groups of exposed uninfected individuals, some of whom are HIV-2 ... |
| 46 | The impact of canary pox infection on dendritic cell maturation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:75 (abstract no. 46) Ignatius R, Mahnke K, Cox WI, Cleven H, Schaer D, Isdell F, Steinman RM, Pope M; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. In an attempt to efficiently target SIV antigens to potent antigen presenting cells, we applied a recombinant canary pox (CP)-SIV construct (containing SIV gag, pol, env genes) to human and macaque DCs. While both immature and mature DCs could be infected with CP, SIV-gag expression was lowest in mature DCs, and ... |
| 47 | Immunochemical analysis of soluble oligomeric envelope constructs from SF162, a primary HIV-1isolate. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:76 (abstract no. 47) Stamatatos L, Cheng-Mayer C; ADARC, New York, NY. We have constructed DNA vectors expressing two soluble forms of the SF162 envelope. Both forms comprise the entire gp120 subunit and the extracellular part of the gp41 subunit. In the one construct the gp120-gp41 cleavage site was mutated so that only one polypeptide of 140kd is produced ( fused protein). |
| 48 | Antigenicity and immunogenicity of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins derived either from primary isolates or T-cell line adapted strains. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:76 (abstract no. 48) Brand D, Lemiale F, Thibault G, Verrier B, Buzelay L, Brunet S, Barin F; University F Rabelais, Tours, France. to study the antigenic and immunogenic properties of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins derived from 3 primary isolates and 2 T-cell line adapted strains (TCLA) expressed using the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) system. the env genes from 2 TCLA strains (HXB2 and MN) and 3 B primary viruses (BX08, CHA, 133) ... |
| 49 | Prospective identification of MHC ligands and CTL epitopes from HIV proteins using bioinformatics. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:76 (abstract no. 49) De Groot A, George J, Gonzalez M, Jin X, Bond K, Koup R, McNicholl J; Brown University, Providence, RI. EpiMatrix is a matrix-based algorithm for the prediction of MHC ligands. We performed in vitro studies to test EpiMatrix selection of novel MHC ligands/CTL epitopes from HIV sequences. Binding of predicted peptides ranging from 8 to 11 amino acids in length to the surface of MHC allele specific TAP deficient cell ... |
| 50 | Selection of antigenic and immunogenic mimics of HIV-1 by screening random peptide libraries with HIV-1 positive sera. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:76 (abstract no. 50) Chen X, Scala G, Liu W, Telles JN, Cohen OJ, Igarashi T, Fauci AS; Laboratory of Infectious Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Recent studies have provided evidence of a protective role for antibodies against HIV-1 challenge indicating that an effective vaccine should elicit an HIV-specific antibody response. However, the efforts to develop a protective HIV vaccine have been hindered by the difficulty in identifying epitopes capable of ... |
| 51 | Correlation of de novo T cell production, thymic mass and peripheral blood immunophenotyping in HIV-1-infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:76 (abstract no. 51) Komanduri K, Jenkins M, Harris J, Poulin JF, Hanley MB, Viswanathan M, Wieder E, Sekaly RP, McCune JM; Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology, San Francisco, CA. The ability of the thymus to contribute to generation of a diverse repertoire of naïve CD4+ cells might influence the extent of immune reconstitution possible in HIV-1 infection and following cytotoxic chemotherapy. We have developed a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay of de novo T cell production ... |
| 52 | Viral and immunologic examination of HIV-1-infected persistently seronegative (HIPS) persons. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:77 (abstract no. 52) Ellenberger DL, Sullivan PS, Dorn J, Schable C, Spira TJ, Folks TM, Lal RB; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Antibody to HIV is typically detected in the blood of HIV-infected persons, except when individuals are tested during the window period. Through AIDS case surveillance, we identified persons who are HIV-1-infected but who have remained persistently antibody negative (HIPS). HIV infection was proven by other diagnostic ... |
| 53 | HIV-1 infection perturbs DNA content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells: effects of antiviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:77 (abstract no. 53) Patki A, Lederman M, Valdez H, Purvis S, Connick E, Kuritzkes D, Kessler H, Fox L, Landay A; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. To examine the DNA content of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from HIV-1-infected patients and controls. Flow cytometric analyses were performed after propidium iodide staining (using PBMC cultured for 48 hr) to analyze lymphocyte DNA content and monoclonal antibody ... |
| 54 | Abstract not available. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:77 (abstract no. 54) |
| 55 | Productive HIV infection in double negative (DN) T cells obtained ex vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:77 (abstract no. 55) Marodon G, Warren D, Posnett DN; Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY. In attempting to eradicate HIV from an infected individual with HAART it is important to consider all the infected cell populations. Although originally thought to infect mainly CD4+ T cells, we found that HIV gag DNA can be detected in sorted ex vivo CD4-CD8-TCRalphabeta+ cells (DN) from PBL (n=19) and lymph nodes in |
| 56 | Genetic manipulation of primary human lymphocytes using an HIV-1 derived vector system: requirements for transduction of resting T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:77 (abstract no. 56) Unutmaz D, Marmon S, Sutton R, Kewalramani VN, Littman DR; Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY. Retroviral vectors provide a facile means for efficient delivery and stable expression of genes in primary cells. Lentiviral vectors can additionally transduce nondividing primary cells and can be used for genetic manipulation of primary cells in vitro, especially in dissecting the signaling pathways. We have construct |
| 57 | Expansion of T lymphocytes from cynomolgus monkeys by CD3/CD28 costimulation: a new tool for immunotherapy and vaccine applications. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:77 (abstract no. 57) Cafaro A, Pace M, Fracasso C, Maggiorella MT, Levine BL, Sernicola L, Belli R, Corrias F, Verani P, Titti F, June CH, Ensoli B; Institute Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Costimulation of purified CD4+ T cells from HIV-1+ patients with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs (anti-CD3/28) results in exponential growth of polyclonal T cells, Th1 cytokines production, and in a dramatic reduction of viral load in the absence of antiretroviral agents (Science, 1996). Noteworthy, anti-CD3/28 costimulati |
| 57b | Tetanus immunity in a group of children with stable HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:78 (abstract no. 57b) Rosenblatt HM, Golightly M, Wiznia A, Johnson G, Krogstad P, Lee S, Stanley K, Ballow A, Nachman S; Baylor, Houston, TX. Immune studies were done in 193 children entered in a combination antiretroviral therapy protocol. Studies included tetanus titers (TT), CD4, and lymphoproliferation responses (LPR) to a variety of stimulants using consensus assays. Of 156 subjects with entry TT and CD4 counts, 57 had data for LPR to tetanus (LPRT). En |
| 58 | In vitro HIV-1 expression is enhanced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or associated inflammatory neutrophils. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:78 (abstract no. 58) Duarte G, Cosentino L, Gupta P, Mietzner T, Landers D; University of Pittsburgh, PA. Epidemiologic studies have shown that Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection is a risk factor for sexual acquisition of HIV-1. These NG infections are associated with the presence of inflammatory neutrophils in the lower female genital tract. We have previously reported upregulation of in vitro HIV-1 expressi |
| 59 | CD8+ T cell apoptosis in HIV infected people results from costimulatory interactions with monocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:78 (abstract no. 59) Lewis D, Ng Tang D, Wang XP, Kozinetz C; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Although multiple mechanisms are responsible for CD4+ T cell apoptosis in HIV, the mechanisms for CD8+ T cell apoptosis remain unclear. To test whether CD8+ T cells were apoptotic in vivo, we measured Annexin V expression, an early indicator of apoptotic membrane changes in cells immediately after isolation. Elevated C |
| 60 | SIVmac239 nef is sufficient for induction of disease in transgenic mice. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:78 (abstract no. 60) Salkowitz J, Kestler H; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. The nef gene of SIVmac239 was shown to be required for induction of AIDS and maintenance of a high viral titer in Rhesus monkeys. We asked whether the nef gene alone was sufficient to induce disease. Transgenic mice were derived with nef under the control of the human CMV major immediate-early promoter (MIEP). Th |
| 61 | HIV-1 viral loads and CD4 levels in treated and untreated adolescents. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:78 (abstract no. 61) Holland C, Moscicki B, Douglas S, Ellenberg J, Wilson C, Futterman D; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC. The REACH Project of the Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network (REACH) was designed as an observational study of an HIV+ adolescent cohort. The goal of this initial analysis is to examine the relationship of CD4 T cells counts and HIV-1 viral load in adolescents and compare that to the relationship described fo |
| 62 | Perforin is not co-expressed with granzyme A within cytotoxic granules in CD8 T-lymphocytes present in lymphoid tissue during HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:79 (abstract no. 62) Andersson J, Behbahani H, Lieberman J, Connick E, Landay A, Patterson BK, Sonnerborg A, Lore K, Fehniger TE; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Residual HIV-1 infected cells are poorly eliminated from lymphoid tissue reservoirs by effector cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (eCTL) despite antiretroviral therapy. Perforin and granzyme A (grA) constitute major effector molecules within eCTL granules which induce apoptosis and lysis of the TCR targeted virally infected cell |
| 63 | HIV-infected Langerhans cells transmit virus to lymphoid tissue in a novel model of primary HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:79 (abstract no. 63) Blauvelt A, Glushakova S, Margolis LB; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Unprotected sex is the most common mode of HIV transmission worldwide, however, the biologic events that underlie this process are poorly understood. Specifically, transport of virus from mucosal surface dendritic cells, i.e., Langerhans cells (LC), to lymph node T cells is postulated, although there is little experime |
| 64 | Immunological changes in sooty mangabeys monkeys naturally infected with SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:79 (abstract no. 64) Silvestri G, McClure H, Safrit J, O'Neil S, Feinberg MB; Emory University, Atlanta, GA. SMMs naturally infected with SIV do not develop AIDS-like symptoms despite high levels of viremia, short infected cells lifespan and limited anti-SIV specific CTL activity. To study the immunological mechanisms responsible for the lack of immunodeficiency in SIV infection of SMMs. Experimental |
| 65 | Mucosal mononuclear cells (MMCs) are more infectable with HIV in vitro than peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:79 (abstract no. 65) Poles M, Elliott J, Shi DP, Giorgi J, Hultin L, Chen I, Anton P; University of California AIDS Institute, Los Angeles. We quantified the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 on gut mucosal and blood CD4+ cells and compared their susceptibility to infection by HIV-1. MMCs were isolated from 4 endoscopic mucosal biopsies from the rectosigmoid of 6 healthy HIV (-) subjects. PBMCs were isolated from blood. From a 7(th) seronegative patien |
| 66 | CD4 T lymphocytes that coexpress CD45RO and CD45RA are the primary target cells for infection by HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:79 (abstract no. 66) Xie X, Tuttle D, Peden KW, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] is found preferentially, but not exclusively, in CD4 CD45RO lymphocyte subsets in infected adults and children. Levels of infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] from seropositive individuals are related to plasma virus levels. The findings from patients raise |
| 67 | Highly activated, mucosal, "memory" CD4+ T cells are the initial target for SIV infection and elimination in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:79 (abstract no. 67) Veazey RS, Tham I, Demaria M, Rosenzweig M, Chalifoux L, Shvetz D, Knight H, Johnson P, Desrosiers R, Lackner A; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA. It has recently been shown that rapid and profound CD4+ T cell depletion occurs almost exclusively within the intestinal tract of SIV-infected macaques within days of infection. We have found (by three and four color flow cytometry) that this depletion occurs exclusively within a definable subset of T helper cells, par |
| 68 | Primary macrophage cell cultures infected by HIV-1 produce highly infectious virus for several months. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:80 (abstract no. 68) Teo I, Adamson G, Davis C, Luthert P, Shaunak S; Imperial College School of Medicine at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. With the suppression of HIV-1 replication in activated CD4+ lymphocytes, attention has turned to reservoirs in which viral replication continues. Tissue macrophages in solid organs are a reservoir. We have developed an in vitro model to study the long term kinetics and infectivity of the virus which they pr |
| 69 | Correlation between HIV viral load and coreceptor and adhesion molecule phenotype in neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:80 (abstract no. 69) Martin JC, O'Leary J, Bandres JC; Manhattan VA Medical Center, New York, NY. To study adhesion molecules, HIV receptor and co-receptor surface expression in HIV disease. 19 HIV-1+ patients, 11 with low viral load (lvl) ( 40.000 copies) and 5 healthy controls (hc). We analyzed surface expression by flow cytometry of CD62, CD11a (LFA-1), CD11b, CD11c, CD18, CD54 (ICAM-1), CD4 |
| 70 | Strong association between failure of T-cell homeostasis and the syncytium-inducing phenotype among HIV-1 infected men developing AIDS in the Amsterdam cohort study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:80 (abstract no. 70) Maas J, Gange S, Schuitemaker H, Coutinho R, Van Leeuwen R, Margolick J; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. We investigated T-cell homeostasis in the Amsterdam Cohort Study, and whether onset of T-cell decline was related to emergence of the syncytium inducing (SI) virus phenotype. We estimated the slope of CD3+ counts before and after the time when homeostasis loss was most likely to have occurred (the T |
| 71 | Accelerated changes in T cell differentiation and activation associated with T cell homeostasis failure and emergence of X4 variants of HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:80 (abstract no. 71) Margolick J, Gange S, Shankarappa R, Farzadegan H, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR, Mullins JI; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. To define changes in T cell differentiation and activation in relation to events associated with HIV- disease progression. Expression of CD38, HLA-DR, CD45RA and RO, and CD28 were analyzed by 3-color flow cytometry on 124 samples obtained at 6-month intervals from 12 MACS participants (8 progressing |
| 72 | Distinct HIV-1 strains in the bone marrow are associated with the development of thrombocytopenia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:80 (abstract no. 72) Voulgaropoulou F, Tan B, Soares M, Hahn B, Ratner L; Washington University, St. Louis, MO. HIV-1 causes various hematopoietic abnormalities, with thrombocytopenia (TP) occurring in 30% of infected individuals. The goal of this study was to determine whether distinct HIV-1 strains are present in the bone marrow of TP patients. We analyzed 10 env HIV-1 sequences from bone marrow or blood of each of 12 HIV-1 in |
| 73 | Bone marrow microaggregate culture: a novel method for studying viral -induced mechanisms of hematosuppression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:80 (abstract no. 73) Sinclair E, Hanley MB, Navarro W, McCune JM; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia are common manifestations of disease in HIV-1 infected individuals. Pathological and functional changes in bone marrow of HIV-1 infected individuals are consistent with the possibility that hematopoietic function is disrupted centrally by either HIV-1 or concurrent |
| 74 | Helminthic infections and pathogenesis of AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:81 (abstract no. 74) Bentwich Z, Weisman Z, Borkow G, Galai N, Kalinkovich A; Kaplan Med Ctr, Hebrew Univ Hadassah Med Sch, Rehovot, Israel. The recent immigration of Ethiopians to Israel , most of them immune activated by helminthic infections (HI), and some infected with HIV, has enabled us to study the role of HI in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Two open cohorts of HIV carriers, 102 Ethiopians (ET) and 75 Israelis (IS) infected with HIV, |
| 75 | Pathogenesis of SIV infection of neonatal rhesus macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:81 (abstract no. 75) Lackner A, Veazey R, Westmoreland S; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA. HIV infection of children usually results in more rapid and severe disease than is seen in adults. To explore the pathogenesis of pediatric AIDS we examined 20 rhesus macaques inoculated intravenously with SIV within 24 hours of birth. Viral inocula included the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239 (n = 13), the macrop |
| 76 | The characterization of four novel SIV strains from Cameroon: implications for primate lentivirus diversity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:81 (abstract no. 76) Simon F, Robertson D, Ayouba A, Apetrei C, Souquiere S, Lewis J, Mauclere P; CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon, France. AIDS is caused by infection with one of two very different lentiviruses (HIV-1 or HIV-2) more closely related to African primate lentiviruses (PLV) from chimpanzees (SIV(CPZ)) and sooty mangabeys (SIV(SM)), respectively, than to each other. These simian lentiviruses are just two members of a divergent viral radiation. |
| 77 | The rooted position of subtype G among the HIV-1 group M viruses and evidence for A/G recombination to overcome fitness loss. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:81 (abstract no. 77) Cornelissen M, Van Den Burg R, Zorgdrager F, Goudsmit J; Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. To study the evolutionary relationship between subtypes A and G of HIV-1 group M, we collected 28 serum samples from immigrants to the Netherlands from 12 countries throughout Africa. Phylogenetic analysis of discontinous regions of the gag (726nt), pol (1176nt) and env (276nt) genes revealed 13 A/G recombinants with t |
| 78 | Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of 6 HIV-1 subtype A virus transmitted from mother to child. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:82 (abstract no. 78) Chaix ML, Marsac D, Letourneur F, Chappey C, Gomas E, Burgard M, Blanche S, Rouzioux C; Hopital Necker, Paris, France. To study the pathogenicity of HIV-1 subtype A virus in the context of mother-to-child transmission. To characterize the variant transmitted to the child and to analyze the viral evolution relative to the form of the children disease, we performed genotypic analysis by sequencing. Phenotypic analysis was perf |
| 79 | On the functional role of HIV-1 p6Gag. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:82 (abstract no. 79) Dettenhofer M, Yu XF; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. The C-terminus of HIV-1 Gag contains a proline-rich domain termed p6. This domain has previously been shown to play a role in efficient virus release and in the incorporation of Vpr into virions. During the dynamic process of virus assembly, budding, and release from the cell, proteolytic cleavage of the Gag and Gag-Po |
| 80 | Differential inhibition of HIV-1 Gag-Pol processing by protease inhibitors in primary versus transformed cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:82 (abstract no. 80) Speck RR, Yu XF, Flexner C; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. We compared the effect of HIV-1 protease inhibitors on Gag and Gag-Pol precursor processing in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells and transformed T-cell lines. HIV-1 infected cells were incubated for three days with HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Viral proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellul |
| 81 | HIV-1 virions produced from replicating peripheral blood lymphocytes are more infectious than those from non-proliferating macrophages due to higher levels of intravirion reverse transcripts: implications for pathogenesis and transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:82 (abstract no. 81) Dornadula G, Zhang H, Shetty S, Pomerantz RJ; Dept. of Med., Thomas Jefferson Univ., Philadelphia, PA. It has been demonstrated that intravirion reverse transcription in human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) occurs in the presence of physiological substances, and that the intravirion HIV-1 reverse transcripts are important for the establishment of infection in non-dividing cells. In this report, we demonstrate tha |
| 82 | Strain dependent HIV-1 infection in quiescent T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:82 (abstract no. 82) Kawano Y, Koyanagi Y, Yamamoto N, Kira J; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. It is still unclear how HIV-1 persists in the presence of vigorous immune responses, and recent analysis have showed that HIV-1 hides in quiescent T cells. In this study, we found that the ability to establish infection in quiescent T cells varies among HIV-1 strains. Quiescent CD4+ T cells were exposed to various HIV- |
| 83 | Characterization of a soluble HIV-suppressive activity from enriched CD14 cultures. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:82 (abstract no. 83) Pisell T, Folks T, Butera S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. We have previously observed a soluble HIV-suppressive activity in CD14-enriched cultures obtained from highly exposed but uninfected commercial sex workers. Because subject material from this cohort was limited, specimens from an uninfected blood donor whose cells possessed a similar suppressive capability were used to |
| 84 | The channel-forming bacterial toxin aerolysin neutralizes human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:83 (abstract no. 84) Nguyen DH, Buckley JT, Hildreth JE; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Aerolysin is a channel-forming protein produced by Aeromonas spp. It is known to use glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on target cells, including Thy-1, as high affinity receptors. Following receptor binding, aerolysin oligomerizes to form heptamers, which insert into the cell membrane producing chan |
| 85 | Consistent viral evolutionary trends, X4 viruses, and T cell dysregulation in the progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:83 (abstract no. 85) Shankarappa R, Margolick JB, Rodrigo AG, Gange SJ, Upchurch D, Farzadegan H, Gupta P, Rinaldo CR, Learn GH, Huang XL, Mullins JI; University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Seattle. The interval between HIV-1 infection and the development of AIDS is highly variable. To identify host and viral factors associated with this clinical progression we studied the evolution of the HIV-1 env gene and T cell subsets in eight men with moderate rates of disease progression. Three distinct periods of viral evo |
| 86 | Dynamics of HIV replication in T lymphocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:83 (abstract no. 86) Bermejo M, Pedraza MA, Martin-Serrano J, Lain T, Alonso JM, Sanchez-Palomino S, Usan L, Alcami J; Centro de investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. We have developed efficient transfection systems of resting peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL). Using this technology a whole provirus can be transfected in resting human PBL and reactivated through different activation immune stimuli. 1. To analyze in this model the kinetics of HIV replicatio |
| 87 | Role of the leukocyte function antigen-1 conformational state in the process of HIV-1-mediate syncytium formation and virus infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:83 (abstract no. 87) Robichaud G, Fortin JF, Barbeau B, Hedman H, Lundgren E, Tremblay MJ; University of Laval, Ste-Foy Quebec, Canada. HIV-1-mediated syncytium formation is recognized as being highly dependent on ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction, whereas the process of infection with cell-free virions is independent of such complementary interaction. However, our group has recently demonstrated that an antibody-mediated induction of the high affinity state of |
| 88 | Characterization of a putative protein tyrosine phosphorylation site in the cytoplasmic domain of HIV-1 gp41. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:83 (abstract no. 88) Kao S, Duus K, Wang L, Su L; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (gp41) has an unusually long cytoplasmic domain, comprised of approximately 150 amino acids. This cytoplasmic tail (gp41c) encodes a consensus tyorsine phosphorylation site which has yet to be investigated. We demonstrated that gp41c can serve as a substrate for some tyrosi |
| 89 | Neutralization of HIV-1 by antibody to gp120 is determined primarily by occupancy of sites on the virion irrespective of epitope specificity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:83 (abstract no. 89) Parren PW, Mondor I, Naniche D, Ditzel HJ, Klasse PJ, Sattentau QJ, Burton DR; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. We have investigated the relative importance of site occupancy and epitope specificity in antibody neutralization of HIV-1. The neutralization of a T cell line-adapted HIV-1 isolate (MN) was analyzed by a number of monovalent recombinant Fabs and monoclonal antibodies with a range of specificities covering all confirme |
| 90 | Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 recombination in vivo associated with selective advantage for fitness. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:84 (abstract no. 90) Liu SL, Mulvania T, Rodrigo AG, Kosloff B, He X, Shriner D, Corey L, Mullins JI; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. Recombination has been shown to occur with unexpectedly high frequency between HIV-1 subtypes, although its importance to the disease progression and AIDS pathogenesis remains obscure. We studied a patient who was initially infected with two highly divergent, R5 HIV-1 subtype B strains that underwent a complex series o |
| 91 | Lack of detection of HIV-infected PBMCs despite positive plasma viremia in a subgroup of asymptomatic long-term non progressors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:84 (abstract no. 91) Candotti D, Calvez V, Costagliola D, Rouzioux C, Autran B, Agut H; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. Proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is generally assumed to be the most prevalent signal of HIV infection, remaining present after plasma viremia has decreased to undetectable levels following intense antiretroviral therapy. The presence of this signal was studied in untreated asymptomatic long-t |
| 92 | How much adherence is enough? A prospective study of adherence to protease inhibitor therapy using MEMScaps. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:84 (abstract no. 92) Paterson D, Swindells S, Mohr J, Brester M, Vergis E, Squier C, Wagener M, Singh N; VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Adherence to protease inhibitors (PIs) was assessed electronically in 84 subjects at two sites using MEMScaps. Demographics, medications, CD4 cell counts, viral load measurements, psychiatric morbidity, alcohol/substance abuse, health beliefs, physician adherence assessment and patient self-report were collect |
| 93 | Spontaneous adherence (ADH) audits (SAA) predict viral suppression in the REACH cohort. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:84 (abstract no. 93) Bangsberg DR, Hecht FM, Charlebois EC, Zolopa AR, Holodniy M, Sheiner L, Chesney MA, Moss AR; UCSF, CA. We examined ADH, viral suppression and resistance mutations. 4 SAA were conducted over 8 wks in 32 people on protease inhibitor (PI) combination therapy in low-income hotels or homeless shelters. ADH was measured by pill count (PC), electronic medication monitoring (EMM-Aprex) and self-report (SR). SA |
| 94 | Self-reported adherence to HAART and correlation with HIV RNA: initial results with the patient medication adherence questionnaire. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:85 (abstract no. 94) Demasi R, Tolson J, Pham S, Capuano G, Graham N, Fisher R, Shaefer M, Eron J; Glaxo Wellcome, Inc, RTP, NC. Durability of antiretroviral therapy may be limited by poor adherence resulting in submaximal drug pressure and the consequent outgrowth of drug-resistant variants. A self-reported adherence measure may provide a simple and reliable means of assessing the degree of adherence to antiretroviral regimens. Obje |
| 95 | Self-reported adherence to protease inhibitors substantially overestimates an objective measure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:85 (abstract no. 95) Golin C, Liu H, Hays R, Ickovics J, Beck K, Miller L, Kaplan A, Wenger N; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. To assess the validity of self-report measures of PI adherence, we compared patient recall to the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Subjects newly initiating PIs at a public hospital clinic were enrolled in the Adherence and Efficacy of Protease Inhibitor Therapy (ADEPT) study between 2/98 |
| 96 | Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:85 (abstract no. 96) Kaplan A, Golin C, Beck K, Liu H, Hays R, Ickovics J, Wenger N; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. To characterize the relationship between adherence to newly initiated protease inhibitors (PIs) and HIV RNA levels. From 2 - 8/98, we enrolled subjects in the Adherence and Efficacy of Protease Inhibitor Therapy cohort (ADEPT). Enrollees attended a public hospital and initiated PI therapy during the |
| 97 | Providers' estimates of adherence overestimate reports from medication event monitoring system (MEMS) for patients on protease inhibitors (PIs). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:85 (abstract no. 97) Miller L, Liu H, Beck K, Golin C, Hays R, Ickovics J, Christian J, Duran D, Maldonado T, Kaplan A, Wenger N; University of California, Los Angeles. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is critical to avoid viral drug-resistance. Clinicians are in a position to implement adherence interventions, though it is generally believed that they overestimate adherence. We objectively evaluated clinician estimates of patient adherence with PIs |
| 98 | Patient characteristics and attitudes associated with antiretroviral (AR) adherence. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:85 (abstract no. 98) Wenger N, Gifford A, Liu H, Chesney M, Golin C, Crystal S, Berry S, Coplan P, Bozzette S, Shapiro M; University of California, Los Angeles. Long-term adherence to AR regimens is critical to survival with HIV. We evaluated AR-specific adherence over the past 7 days reported in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a nationally representative probability sample of persons receiving HIV care. This analysis focuses on the 1910 (84%) subjects taking AR a |
| 99 | Reliability, validity, and usefulness of touch-screen administration of QOL and adherence instruments in an outpatient clinic. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:85 (abstract no. 99) Wu A, Yu-Isenberg K, McGrath M, Jacobson D; Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD. To compare the reliability, validity and feasibility of touch-screen PC, interview and self-administration of QOL and adherence questionnaires. Patients on antiretroviral therapy (N=129) at an HIV Clinic were randomized to complete the MOS-HIV, ACTG Baseline Adherence and ACTG Symptom Distress ques |
| 100 | Quality of life in prolonged induction-versus maintenance therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:86 (abstract no. 100) Nieuwkerk P, Reijers M, Lange J, Sprangers M; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Maintenance dual therapy after 26 weeks quadruple induction therapy has shown to be inferior to prolonged induction regarding viral suppression(1). However, prolongation of the quadruple regimen may be hampered by a negative impact on QoL due to pill burden. We compared QoL in prolonged induction versus maintenance the |
| 101 | Impact of indinavir with zidovudine and lamivudine on quality of life for HIV patients with < or = 200 CD4 in ACTG 320. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:86 (abstract no. 101) Coplan P, Cook J, Carides G, Nguyen BY, Testa M; Merck & Company, Inc., Blue Bell, PA. In ACTG 320, IDV+ZDV+ 3TC compared to ZDV+3TC reduced progression to AIDS or death by 50% (p=0.001; Hammer NEJM 1997). We investigated the impact of the protease inhibitor (PI) indinavir (IDV) when added to ZDV+3TC therapy on quality of life (QoL). |
| 102 | Health care costs for 1995-1998 in AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:86 (abstract no. 102) Moore RD, Gebo K, Bartlett JG, Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Use of HAART has led to a decrease in the mortality rate and in the incidence of opportunistic illness in patients with HIV infection. We wished to determine how health care costs had changed due to the introduction of HAART into clinical practice. We analyzed combined economic and clinical data in patients from the Jo |
| 103 | Economic evaluation of triple ART with indinavir or abacavir and ZDV+3TC compared to dual therapy ZDV+3TC. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:86 (abstract no. 103) Risebrough N, Oh P, Rachlis A, McMurchy D, Bast M, Doswell M; Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomics (HOPE) Research Center, Toronto, ON, Canada. Triple combination (TC) ART effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication and thus has become standard initial therapy. Newer agents, such as abacavir , a nucleoside-analogue, in TC may offer added therapeutic benefit with PI sparing. As these combinations add acquisition cost, we developed an economic model to quantify the |
| 104 | How well are we doing in adopting HIV treatment guidelines? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:87 (abstract no. 104) Wolde-Rafael D, Campo R, De Caprariis PJ, Jefferson R, Stansell J, Butcher D, Urdaneta M, Duong P, Markson L; Chase Brexton Health Services, Baltimore, MD. Potent combination antiretroviral therapies (ART) are associated with decreases in AIDS mortality and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines for treatment of HIV recommend their use. Dissemination and adoption of this information in clinical practice needs to be assessed. The HIV-PRAC |
| 105 | Who receives highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)? Data from a nationally representative sample. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:87 (abstract no. 105) Markson L, Cunningham W, Andersen R, Crystal S, Fleishman J, Fischl M, Gifford A, Nelson C, Liu H, Bozzette S, Shapiro M, Wenger N; Merck & Company, Inc., West Point, PA. To compare demographic characteristics and attitudes about medication between patients receiving and not receiving HAART. 2267 persons were interviewed about use of antiretroviral agents (AR), Sept to Dec 1997, in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a national probability sample of persons |
| 106 | Insurance and race predict access to HIV protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:87 (abstract no. 106) Colfax G, Hecht F, Swanson M, Chesney MA; AIDS Research Section, Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA. SFGH has made extensive efforts to provide treatment to patients (pts) with HIV regardless of insurance status, but this safety net may not have provided full access to protease inhibitors (PI). We assessed whether health insurance and race/ethnicity were associated with receiving PI at the SFGH HIV clinic. During 50% |
| 107 | HAART failure in the inner-city. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:87 (abstract no. 107) del Rio C, Ziemer D, Patel K, Lennox J; Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA. HAART has caused a dramatic decrease in AIDS-associated mortality and hospitalizations in many cities in the US, however it is unknown if this has occurred among inner-city populations. Grady Health System (GHS) serves the inner-city population of metro Atlanta and provides access to a comprehensive HIV/AID |
| 108 | The relationship between literacy, race, and adherence to potent anti-retroviral therapies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:87 (abstract no. 108) Sipler AM, Cross JT, Lane DR, Davis TC, Williams LM, Yarnold PR, Lindau ST, Bennett CL; Lakeside VA and Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Management of HIV-infection with potent anti-retroviral therapy is complex, especially among persons with poor literacy skills. We evaluated the association of literacy with anti-retroviral adherence regimens among A-As and whites. Patients/methods: Literacy, degree of adherence with potent anti-retroviral reg |
| 109 | Genotypic correlates of in vivo resistance to efavirenz. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:88 (abstract no. 109) Bacheler LT, Anton B, Baker D, Becker M, Lasut A, Aujay M, Bolling L, Krakowski K, Bunville J, Wang V, Abremski K; DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE. Efavirenz (SUSTIVA™, DMP 266) is a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV-1. In order to assess the genotypic basis of efavirenz treatment failure, characterization of plasma virus from patients participating in clinical trials of efavirenz in combination with |
| 110 | In vitro NNRTI resistance of recombinant HIV carrying mutations observed in efavirenz treatment failures. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:88 (abstract no. 110) Jeffrey S, Corbett J, Bacheler L; DuPont Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE. Data from SUSTIVA™ ( efavirenz ) clinical trials suggest a key role of the K103N mutation in HIV RT for viral resistance to this potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 RT inhibitor. Viruses with K103N alone or in combination with other RT mutations were observed in the plasma of the majority of patients exposed to efavirenz wh |
| 111 | Delavirdine resistant clinical isolates remained susceptible to PNU142721 and DMP266. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:88 (abstract no. 111) Wathen L, Freimuth W, Sharp T, Ruzicka K; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI. There is limited knowledge about whether use of one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor precludes the use of a second later in therapy. Viral isolates from 22 highly nucleoside experienced patients treated 6-95 weeks with ZDV+DLV or ZDV+DLV+ddI/ ddC were tested in vitro for susceptibility to |
| 112 | HIV genotypes of treatment-naïve patients receiving adefovir dipivoxil in a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:88 (abstract no. 112) Margot NA, Anton KE, Miller MD; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA. GS-96-411 is a phase III clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naïve patients. All patients received indinavir (IDV) and were randomized to additionally receive ADV+ |
| 113 | The multiple nucleoside analogue resistance mutations confer cross-resistance to abacavir. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:88 (abstract no. 113) Van Laethem K, Witvrouw M, Schmit JC, Sprecher S, Hermans P, Leal M, Harrer T, Clotet B, Ruiz L, De Clercq E, Desmyter J, Vandamme AM; Rega Institute, Belgium. Mutation Q151M together with other mutations at codons 62, 68, 75, 77 and 116 of the HIV-1 RT gene are responsible for high-level resistance against the NRTIs. Abacavir (ABC) is a guanosine dideoxynucleoside analogue and is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 RT. During in vitro passage it can select for the mutations K65R, L7 |
| 114 | Genotype and phenotype of HIV-1 in ART experienced adults prior and following therapy with Ziagen (abacavir, ABC) added to stable background therapy (ABC+SBG). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:89 (abstract no. 114) Ait-Khaled M, Stone C, Mesogiti D, Purdon S, Vernazza P; Glaxo Wellcome, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland. To relate baseline HIV-1 genotypes & phenotypes with Week 16 (Wk16) virologic response to ABC+SBG. Results: The proportion of subjects who achieved vRNA |
| 115 | HIV-1 genotype and viral response to Ziagen (abacavir, ABC) + protease inhibitors (PI) in ART naïve adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:89 (abstract no. 115) Ross L, Kelleher D, Lanier R, Mellors J; Glaxo Wellcome, RTP, NC. Dual therapy with Ziagen + one of five different PIs reduced plasma HIV-RNA to |
| 116 | Mutations in the reverse transcriptase genome of HIV-1 isolates derived from subjects treated with didanoisine and stavudine in combination. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:89 (abstract no. 116) Coakley E, Gillis J, Hammer S; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. To determine the nature, frequency & significance of mutations arising during combination therapy with ddI & d4T . The BMS AI460 trial was a dose ranging study of combination ddI & d4T in antiretroviral (ART) naïve subjects with 200-500 CD4 cells/mm3. |
| 117 | Multiple pathways to resistance to ABT-378 observed by in vitro selection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:89 (abstract no. 117) Mo H, Chernyavskiy T, Lu L, Kohlbrenner W, Sun E, Kempf D, Molla A; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL. ABT-378 is a new protease inhibitor that shows profound suppression of viral replication in early clinical trials. ABT-378 is coadministered with low dose ritonavir (RTV), which potently inhibits cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism and greatly increases the plasma levels of ABT-378. To assess the effect of clinically r |
| 118 | HIV drug resistance analysis during clinical studies with the protease inhibitor amprenavir. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:89 (abstract no. 118) Tisdale M, Myers RE, Ai T-Khaled M, Snowden W; Clinical Virology, GlaxoWellcome, Stevenage, UK. Amprenavir (APV) has demonstrated clinical efficacy at 1200mg BID as a component of different combination regimens. Resistance to amprenavir has been studied in clinical trials in both PI therapy naïve and experienced subjects. In subjects failing APV/NRTI combination the |
| 119 | Analysis of HIV phenotypic cross-resistance to protease inhibitors in patients failing on combination therapies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:89 (abstract no. 119) Race E, Dam E, Obry V, Paulous S, Clavel F; Hop. Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France. To assess the resistance profile likely to be encountered during routine use of protease phenotyping in assisting treatment decisions in the clinic, we have phenotyped 108 samples from patients failing on combination treatments including at least one protease inhibitor (PI, excluding APV) using a rapid single cycle rec |
| 120 | Characterization of HIV-1 in patients following long-term RTV-SQV therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:90 (abstract no. 120) Mo H, Chernyavskiy T, Lu L, Staser J, Cohen C, Cameron W, Markowitz M, Xu Y, Kohlbrenner W, Sun E, Kempf D, Japour A, Molla A; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL. Ritonavir / saquinavir (RTV/SQV) therapy produces a durable suppression of HIV viral load (VL) in most patients. To examine the effects of long-term suppression with this regimen, we analyzed samples from seven patients (group 1) who experienced persistently undetecta |
| 121 | Multidrug-resistance mutations to dideoxynucleoside (ddN) analogues can occur in patients with classical AZT resistance mutations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:90 (abstract no. 121) Yvon A, Valantin MA, Mouroux M, Bossi P, Coutellier A, Bonmarchand M, Delaugerre C, Agut H, Huraux JM, Katlama C, Calvez V; Department of Virology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. Rare cases of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) HIV-1 strains with reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations at codon A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y and Q151M have been reported in patients receiving sequencial monotherapies or combination therapies ( AZT + ddI and AZT + |
| 122 | Evolutionary and phenotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strains with combinations of insertions between codons 68 and 69 and amino acid changes in reverse transcriptase. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:90 (abstract no. 122) Lukashov VV, De Jong JJ, Huismans R, Jebbink MF, Danner SA, Jurriaans S, De Wolf F, Goudsmit J; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Among viruses from 92 extensively pre-treated and not responding to their current combination therapy patients, three (3%) viruses contained a T215Y amino acid change as well as a combination of an amino acid change at codon 67 (D67E/S) and a two amino acid insertion (68SS/V69) of the RT gene of HIV-1. Phenotypic resis |
| 123 | The RT 69(S) insertion is observed in NRTI experienced HIV-1 positive subjects with diverse treatment histories. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:90 (abstract no. 123) Ross L, Johnson M, Graham N, Shaefer M, St. Clair M; Glaxo Wellcome, RTP, NC. Previous studies have demonstrated that the novel two amino acid insertion S-A, S-S or S-G at HIV-1 RT codon 69(S) in conjunction with other RT mutations is associated with phenotypic resistance to multiple NRTIs. When RT sequence of plasma virus derived from 121 NRTI experienced subjects was sequenced and analyzed, 3/ |
| 124 | Adefovir and PMPA are active in vitro against HIV from patients with multiple patterns of nucleoside resistance mutations and the lamivudine-associated M184V RT mutation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:90 (abstract no. 124) Anton KE, Miller MD; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are an essential part of combination antiretroviral therapies. Thus, in evaluating the potential for an antiretroviral regimen to be maximally effective, the cross-resistance of candidate NRTIs should be considered. Lamivudine ( |
| 125 | Prevalence of drug resistance mutations over time in naïve HIV+ subjects living in Spain. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:90 (abstract no. 125) Gomez-Cano M, Rubio A, Puig T, Perez-Olmeda M, Ruiz L, Leal M, Clotet B, Soriano V; Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Mutant viruses can be transmitted, leading to primary drug resistance in newly infected persons. To determine the prevalence of primary drug resistance and to recognise any trend over time, we examined plasma samples collected from naïve subjects in 1993 (n=75) and 1997 (n=75), as well as in a group of patients who had |
| 126 | A new point mutation in HIV-1 RT confers resistance to 3TC in vitro. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:91 (abstract no. 126) Smith R, Klarmann G, Stray K, Vonschwedler U, Schinazi RF, North T, Preston B; University of Utah, Salt Lake City. We have shown that a P156S mutation in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) confers resistance to the combination of (-)-beta-2 ,3 -dideoxy-3 -thiacytidine ( 3TC ) and 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ). |
| 127 | Evolutionary hotspot around RT codon 215 evolves during zidovudine exposure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:91 (abstract no. 127) Colgrove R, Pitt J, Japour A, Welles S; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. We sequenced RT codons 1-250 for 152 Women and 85 infants enrolled in the Women and Infants Transmission Study. All women and 26 infants were exposed to zidovudine during the mother s pregnancy. Some children received post-natal zidovudine. In addition to the known ZDV resistance mutations at codons 41, 67, 70, 210, 21 |
| 128 | Impact of HIV gag p7/p1 and p1/p6 cleavage site mutations on CD4 evolution. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:91 (abstract no. 128) Bally F, Martinez R, Guerra A, Kaufmann D, Telenti A; HIV Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. HIV gag cleavage mutations (CM) may play a compensatory role in the evolution of protease inhibitor drug resistance by improving viral fitness. Whether having a cleavage site mutation modifies the evolution of disease has not been well established. Materials: A cross-sectional study was undertaken by sequen |
| 129 | T215Y/F mutation associated with zidovudine (ZDV) resistance leads to poor response to ZDV+ddI or ZDV+ddI+NVP: ACTG244/RV79. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:91 (abstract no. 129) Mayers D, Merigan T, Gilbert P; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI. ZDV resistance (ZDV(R)) has been associated with clinical progression on ZDV monotherapy and poor clinical outcomes when HIV-infected persons (pts) are switched to didanosine (ddI) rx. The clinical utility of monitoring for mutations associated with HIV drug resistance has not yet been demonstrated. |
| 130 | Baseline resistance and virological response to mega-HAART salvage therapies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:92 (abstract no. 130) Miller V, Gute P, Carlebach A, Nisius G, Leder T, Rottmann C, Sturmer M, Hertogs K, Larder BA, Staszewski S; J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. We attempted salvage treatment using ≥ 6 antiviral agents (mega-HAART) in patients with multiple failing regimen (n=37, median follow-up: 8 months). We investigated the correlation between virological response and baseline resistance (Antivirogram assay), available for 24/37 patients. Median maximum virus load red |
| 131 | Baseline (BL) HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype as a predictor of response to ZDV+3TC+indinavir (IDV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:92 (abstract no. 131) Demeter LM, Degruttola V, Eshleman S, Jackson JB, Hughes M, Hammer SM; NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG), Bethesda, MD. ACTG 320 was a phase III clinical trial of ZDV+ 3TC ± IDV in ZDV-experienced, 3TC- and PI-naïve pts with CD4 |
| 132 | Response to Combivir(R) and abacavir given BID to nucleoside experienced patients is not affected by the presence of the M184V mutation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:92 (abstract no. 132) Henry K, Shaeffer M, Ross L, Johnson M, Fisher R, Liao Q, Graham N; Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN. TARGET is a study of a compact regimen of Combivir (lamivudine 150 mg/zidovudine 300 mg) [CBV] plus Ziagen ™( abacavir 300 mg) [ABC] in patients that were on mono- or double-com |
| 133 | HIV-1 baseline genotype/phenotype and virological response following salvage therapy with Ziagen (abacavir, ABC), Amprenavir (APV), and Sustiva™ (efavirenz, EFV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:92 (abstract no. 133) Ait-Khaled M, Rakik A, Thomas D, Tisdale M, Falloon J; Glaxo Wellcome, Stevenage, UK. To relate baseline HIV-1 genotype and phenotype to viral load (VL) response to salvage therapy in ART experienced adults, and assess development of genotypic and phenotypic resistance following VL rebounds. Methods and results: Phase II, open label, single arm; ABC (300mg BID), APV (1200mg BID) and EFV (600m |
| 134 | Analysis of possible predictors of response to abacavir (ABC) in antiretroviral-experienced adults; comparison of viral genotype, viral phenotype and patient treatment history. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:92 (abstract no. 134) Lanier R, Ait-Khaled M, Madison S, Hetherington S, Wang B, Dix L, Lafon S; Glaxo-Wellcome (Corp.), RTP, NC. Resistance to ABC is selected relatively slowly in vitro, requiring multiple mutations to achieve an 8-fold increase in IC50 over wild-type virus. Sequential in vitro passage of a laboratory strain (HIV(IIIB)) selected for mutations at positions 65(R), 74(V), 115(F) and 184(V). These mutations are also seen in vivo wit |
| 135 | Treatment of patients (pts.) who have virus with mutations suggesting pan-protease and -reverse transcriptase (RT) drug resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:92 (abstract no. 135) Montoya JG, Schapiro JM, Zolopa AR, Merigan TC; Center for AIDS Research, Stanford University, CA. This study was designed to determine whether the response to a salvage regimen ( SR. ) consisting of efavirenz , adefovir, ddI and hydroxurea could be predicted by mutational drug resistance patterns (MP s) in pts. who have failed multiple protease (PI) and RT inhibitors (RTI). Only those with the follo wing MP s were |
| 136 | Can baseline genotype predict response to salvage therapy with Nelfinavir? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:93 (abstract no. 136) Walmsley S, Walach C, Moses A, Becker M, Harrigan R; Toronto Hospital, ON, Canada. Despite non-overlapping primary genotypic mutational sites, in vitro data shows considerable cross-resistance between members of the protease inhibitor (PI) class, and in vivo, blunted responses are seen with salvage regimens in extensively pretreated patients. The role of baseline genotypic resistance test |
| 137 | Response to therapy with adefovir dipivoxil is durable for 48 weeks and correlates with baseline HIV genotype and in vitro susceptibility to adefovir. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:93 (abstract no. 137) Miller MD, Anton KE, Margot NA, Lamy PD, Mulato AS; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA. GS-96-408 was a phase III clinical trial assessing adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) compared to placebo for the treatment of HIV. 142 patients were prospectively selected for a virology substudy. At week 24, the ADV-treated patients in the substudy showed a statistically significant median 0.53 log10 decrease in plasma HIV RNA |
| 138 | Reverse transcriptase genotype after multiple, sequential nucleoside analog drugs and the response to HAART in ACTG 364. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:93 (abstract no. 138) Katzenstein D, Bosch R, Shafer R, Albrecht M, Winters M, Hammer S; Stanford University, CA. Subjects in ACTG 175 for >3 yrs and ACTG 302/303 for >1 yr received ≥ 2 - 4 nucleoside analog drugs (NA). At entry to ACTG 364, subjects were assigned 2 NA and randomized to nelfinavir or efavirenz or both (1:1:1). In 146 subjects prevalence of resistance mutations (RM) after NA and the impact of drug history and |
| 139 | The utility of HIV-1 pol gene sequencing in virological management of drug naïve and experienced patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:93 (abstract no. 139) Loveday C, Devereux H, Huckett L, Johnson M; Retrovirology, The Royal Free Campus, London, UK. The objectives of this locally funded clinical study are to determine the utility of sequencing for determination of prevalence and incidence of antiretroviral drug (ART) associated polymorphisms, and characterisation of the evolving pol gene. Consecutive patients (n=95; naïve: 12, experienced:83 [salvage audit: 35]) w |
| 140 | Resistance mutations as predictor of response to salvage therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:93 (abstract no. 140) Lorenzi P, Opravil M, Hirschel B, Chave JP, Sax H, Furrer HJ, Perneger TV, Perrin L, Yerly S; Geneva Univ. Hosp., Switzerland. Direct sequencing of RT and P genes derived from plasma RNA was performed in 62 patients with virologic failure on HAART (HIV-1 RNA > 1000 copies/ml) before salvage therapy (nelfinavir + changes of RTIs). Baseline predictors (drug-resistance mutations, drug exposures, clinical and biological parameters) of vir |
| 141 | Rapid phenotypic assay for detecting multidrug resistance of HIV-1 to nucleoside analogs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:94 (abstract no. 141) Qari SH, Garcia-Lerma JG, Reisler R, Van-Laethem K, Vandamme AM, Sprecher S, Schmit JC, Heneine W; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Q151M and other associated mutations A62V/V75I/F77L/F116Y in the pol gene emerge in 2% to approximately 19% of HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy with multiple nucleoside analogs. These mutations confer multidrug resistance (MDR) to all licensed nucleoside analogs ( |
| 142 | Resistance genotyping of subtypes A-F of HIV-1: comparison between ABI and Affymetrix HIV-PRT assays. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:94 (abstract no. 142) Wegner S, Nau M, Cooley J, Sawyer R, Sleeker A, Vickerman P, Michael N, Vahey M; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD. Genotyping of HIV-1 to identify mutations associated with drug resistance is rapidly becoming part of clinical care in the U.S. Hybridization-based assays such as the Affymetrix HIV PRT-440 (GeneChip) assay are used in many laboratories for this purpose. The GeneChip assay is based on North American clade B sequence, a |
| 143 | Genetic variability in the vicinity of codons 41,70,184 and 215 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: implications for the detection of resistance-associated mutations by line probe HIV-1 RT assay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:94 (abstract no. 143) Tamalet C, Koch N, Yahi N, Colson P, Lorvellec K, Fantini J; Virology Lab, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France. To assess the performance of the LIPA HIV-1 RT assay for the detection of mutations associated to resistance to nucleoside inhibitors in comparison with sequence analysis. Plasma samples from 63 patients, most of them receiving combination therapy , were investigated in parallel by population-based |
| 144 | Recovery and sequence analysis of HIV RNA from plasma samples with low HIV RNA levels. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:94 (abstract no. 144) Niubo J, Li W, Balfour HH Jr, Erice A; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. Amplification of reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PT) sequences from plasma is difficult when HIV RNA levels are low, and usually can not be accomplished in samples with |
| 145 | Comparison of copy numbers generated by 3 commercial highly sensitive HIV viral load measurement systems. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:95 (abstract no. 145) Sherlock CH, Merrick L, Rae S, Raboud J, Whaley M, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV; University of British Columbia, Vancouver. To compare copy numbers generated by 3 commercial viral load tests. We tested patient samples using: Organon Teknika NucliSens (OT; lower detection limit [LDL] =40 copies/mL); Roche UltraSensitive (RUS; LDL=50 copies/mL); Chiron Quantiplex 3.0 (CHQ; LDL=50 copies/mL). 1 set of samples (n=149) was te |
| 146 | Evaluation of the new quantiplex 3.0 HIV bDNA assay (Q3): A comparison with the quantiplex 2.0 (Q2). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:95 (abstract no. 146) Perez JL, Perez P, Escriba JM, Podzamczer D, Martin R; C.S.U de Bellvitge, Hospital et de Llob., Barcelona, Spain. To know the performance of the Q3 method, and to establish equivalencies of the Q3 values in patients followed up with the current Q2. Methods. A total of 187 samples were studied in parallel with both methods following manufacturer s protocols. Of these, 84 were undetectable by Q2 [ 500 c/ |
| 147 | Evaluation of Quantiplex™ 3.0 assay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:95 (abstract no. 147) Manegold C, Krempe C, Medve M, Jablonowski H, Kajala L, Dietrich M, Adams O; Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. Three test systems (PCR, bDNA, and NASBA) are widely used for plasma HIV RNA quantification. Reproducibility of results has been questioned due to variations within and between different assays and between high and low sensitivity assays of the same manufacturer. We therefore evaluated and compared results o |
| 148 | An ultrasensitive NucliSens(R) HIV-1 QT procedure is able to reliably detect HIV plasma viral loads down to 10 copies/ml. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:95 (abstract no. 148) Simons F, Sjeps M, De Laat C, Cronin M, Cuypers H; C.L.B., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Over the past few years with the use of potent triple-drug antiretroviral regimens, the number of patients that have plasma HIV viral load below the limit of detection is increasing. In addition to this there is increasing evidence that supports the benefit to quantify as low as possible in the light of clinical progno |
| 149 | Comparison of ultrasensitive assays for quantitation of HIV RNA in plasma samples. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:95 (abstract no. 149) Erice A, Li W, Henry K, Simpson J, Paxton W, Balfour HH Jr; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. The objective of current antiretroviral therapy is to maximally suppress HIV replication. This has prompted the development of sensitive assays that can quantify HIV RNA in plasma down to |
| 150 | Sensitivity, specificity, linear range and quantification evaluation of the Digene Hybrid Capture(R) II HIV RNA v1.0 test with an improved plasma specimen preparation method. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:96 (abstract no. 150) Schiltz H, Gratiano T, Glock J, Zakel J, Yeager L, Makar A, Eddington N, Garcia-Meijide M, Payne J; Digene Corporation, Beltsville, MD. The quantitative Digene HCII HIV RNA Test is the combination of a sophisticated nucleic acid signal amplification solution hybridization technology and the simplicity of an immunoassay for the detection of HIV-1 RNA molecules from plasma. The protocol for plasma specimen processing was revised to increase assay specifi |
| 151 | Robustness of the Gen-Probe HIV-1 viral load assay in the presence of potential interferents. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:96 (abstract no. 151) Bodrug S, Sanders M, Bixby T, Dise E, Eguchi B, Lasalita E, Weiner D, Bott M; Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, CA. The Gen-Probe HIV-1 Viral Load Assay (VLA) is intended for use by clinical labs requiring an easy, highly sensitive, reproducible, high-throughput assay. Target Capture, a novel hybridization-based specimen processing method, removes potentially interfering substances from the specimen matrix. Amplification of the targ |
| 152 | Automated nucleic acid purification for viral load and sequencing using the NucliSens™ extractor. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:96 (abstract no. 152) McClernon DR, Stocum M, St. Clair M; GlaxoWellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of several commercially available HIV-1 RNA quantitation or viral load (VL) assays to produce sensitive and precise measurements. Increasing interest in evaluating HIV-1 RNA VL and sequence mutation analysis in plasma and non-plasma samples has created a need for a standardi |
| 153 | Virus evolution in patients on active antiretroviral therapy with sustained undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA by ultrasensitive RT-PCR assay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:96 (abstract no. 153) Izopet J, Pasquier C, Sandres K, Salama G, Bonnet E, Marchou B, Massip P, Puel J; Toulouse University Hospital, France. (i) to assess the effect of suppressive antiretroviral therapy on cell-associated proviral DNA and (ii) to compare the sequence of the HIV pol gene DNA with baseline RNA and DNA sequences after 60 weeks of therapy. 10 subjects with continued undetectable plasma HIV RNA by the ultrasensitive Monitor |
| 154 | HIV-1 RNA transcription in blood cells of patients with undetectable plasma viral loads. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:96 (abstract no. 154) Fischer M, Kallivroussis A, Opravil M, Ott P, Weber R, Cone RW; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. To evaluate HIV RNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymphoid tissue during combination antiretroviral therapy. Design: HIV infected patients (CDC stage A1, >400 CD4/microliter were treated with AZT + 3TC or AZT + 3TC + |
| 155 | The use of real-time PCR to quantify HIV unspliced (US) mRNA in patients on effective antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:97 (abstract no. 155) Lewin S, Vesanen M, Kostrikis L, Zhang L, Ho D, Markowitz M; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. If replication of HIV is effectively inhibited, the reservoir of HIV in resting memory CD4+ lymphocytes should decay with time. However, if there is persistent replication below the limits of detection of currently available assays, the reservoir will persist due to replenishment. To determine if the detection of |
| 156 | The accumulation of Tat-restricted latently infected cells following highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:97 (abstract no. 156) Irwin JD, Perumal SL, Adams M, Peterlin BM, Romeo JM; San Francisco State University, CA. Effective treatment of HIV will require examination of its potential to establish latency. Evidence from a number of studies suggests that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may result in the accumulation of infected cells that express insufficient levels of viral antigens to be cleared by the hos |
| 157 | A new steady state of HIV infection after HARRT. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:97 (abstract no. 157) Bucy RP, Kilby JM, Derdeyn CA, Sillers M, Squires K, Saag M, Hockett RD; University of Alabama, Birmingham. A multiparameter analysis was performed on lymph node biopsies and blood specimens obtained from HIV infected patients before and at several times after induction of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). Analysis of the frequencies of lymphoid cell subsets, adhesion molecule expression, and the frequencies of |
| 158 | Stability of HIV vDNA in peripheral blood and lymph node cells after HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:97 (abstract no. 158) Hockett RD, Kilby JM, Derdeyn CA, Sillers M, Saag M, Bucy RP; University of Alabama, Birmingham. The advent of HAART resulting in suppression of viral load to undetectable levels has necessitated the development of new assays for the determination of HIV status. A quantitative, competitive PCR assay for the analysis of HIV vDNA was developed and used to analyze T cells from HIV infected patients before and during |
| 159 | Genetic stability of the latent HIV reservoir in memory CD4 T cells during suppressive therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:97 (abstract no. 159) Martinez-Picado J, Depasquale MP, Wong J, Finzi D, Savara A, Sutton L, Richman D, Siliciano R, D'Aquila R; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. It was recently reported that env V3 evolved in proviral PBMC DNA on Rx, suggesting that replenishment offset HIV decay from the latent reservoir. We analyzed replication-competent, biologic clones from the latent reservoir, rather than largely defective provirus, to study HIV entry into/expansion from it during |
| 160 | HIV-1 is detectable in mucosal biopsies in patients with undetectable plasma viral loads. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:97 (abstract no. 160) Poles M, Elliott J, Brown S, Shi DP, Chiong S, Hege K, McGowan I, Lenz H, Chen I, Anton P; UCLA AIDS Institute, CA. Gut mucosal biopsies from 17 HIV+ patients with undetectable plasma viral loads were assessed for HIV RNA to determine if virus can be detected and quantified in this lymphoid site when plasma levels cannot be used as a clinical index. This abstract reports the baseline observations of a year-long study. 17 su |
| 161 | Sampling lymphoid tissue cells by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (USGNA) of lymph nodes in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:98 (abstract no. 161) Meylan PR, Bart PA, Meuwly JY, Yerly S, Rizzardi P, Fleury S, Pantaleo G; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Lymphoid cell subsets in the blood are not representative of the lymphoid tissue (LT). In particular, CD4/CD8 T cell ratios are higher and % Ki67+ CD4+ T cells are lower in the LT compared to the blood in HIV+ patients. We have used USGNA as a non-invasive approach to sample cells from the LT. Cells were characterized |
| 162 | Study of cell-associated HIV-1 using a quantitative CD4 lymphocyte outgrowth assay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:98 (abstract no. 162) Tremblay C, Merrill DP, Wong J, Rosenberg E, Walker BD, Hirsch MS; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Monitoring cell-associated virus could help predict early failure of therapy in patients with undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA. We have developed a sensitive and simple assay for measuring this reservoir. Using serial limiting dilutions, PBMC are cultured in the presence of IL-2 and a bispecific MAb anti-CD3: 8 that s |
| 163 | In vitro reactivation of HIV-1 in latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells by allogeneic stimulation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:98 (abstract no. 163) Moriuchi H, Moriuchi M, Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Alloimmunization has been shown to contribute to protection against HIV-1 infection. However, allogeneic stimulation presents an immunologic challenge during pregnancy, blood transfusions, and transplantations, and has been associated with reactivation of latently infected virus such as cytomegalovirus . Since HIV- |
| 164 | In vitro reactivation of HIV-1 from latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells upon stimulation with microbial co-infections. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:98 (abstract no. 164) Moriuchi H, Moriuchi M, Mizell SB, Ehler LA, Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD. It has recently been shown that a small reservoir of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells persists in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy and in whom plasma viremia was undetectable. Stimulation of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells obtained from HIV-infected individuals with mitogens or com |
| 165 | Predictive value of response at 12 and 24 weeks for durability of response in a study of the soft gelatin capsule formulation of saquinavir (SQV-SGC) plus 2 nucleosides in treatment-naïve HIV-1-positive patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:98 (abstract no. 165) Tsoukas C, Reddy DA; Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada. To explore early predictors of a durable virological response. 171 antiretroviral-naïve patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥ 5000 copies/ml were randomized to receive the hard gelatin formulation of SQV (SQV-HGC; Invirase (R) 600mg tid (n=81) or SQV-SGC ( |
| 166 | Initial HIV clearance rates do not predict long-term antiviral activity for ritonavir-saquinavir (R-S) combination therapy in HIV-protease inhibitor-naïve patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:99 (abstract no. 166) Hsu A, Granneman GR, Xu Y, Rode R, Japour A, Leonard JM, Sun E; Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL. Correlations between nelfinavir and S plasma conc with the initial (alpha phase) viral clearance rate have been reported during quadruple drug therapy in antiretroviral- naïve patients (AIDS 1998; 12:F111-115). We have reported that HIV RNA production was profoundly suppressed in a biphasic manner in PI-naïve patients |
| 167 | Predictors of viral rebound > 500 copies/ml after initial suppression by ≥ 3-drug therapy in 755 clinic patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:99 (abstract no. 167) Miller V, Staszewski S, Hill A, Cozzi Lepri A, Sabin C, Phillips A; Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. To assess determinants of loss of viral suppression on HAART. Patients and methods: We followed 755 PI and NNRTI-naïve patients who initiated a 3 or 4 drug regimen containing ≥ 1 PI or NNRTI and for whom viral load was 1.5 yrs). Viral load was assessed 4 - weekly. |
| 168 | Immunologic course of antiretroviral treated HIV-infected patients with a plateau response to therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:99 (abstract no. 168) Tenoriio A, Smith K, Bass L, Sha B, Huang R, Kessler H; Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL. To compare the clinical course of antiretroviral treated (ART) HIV-infected patients with viral load (VL) responses that are persistently undetectable ( 10,000 c/ml) after 24 weeks of therapy. Observational cohort study over 54 weeks comparing CD4 cell counts (CD4) and VL of patients (111) in our cl |
| 169 | Clinical outcomes of patients under HAART with discordant response to CD4 and viral load at 6 months. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:99 (abstract no. 169) Grabar S, Costagliola D; INSERM SC4, Paris, France. To study the clinical outcomes in patients on triple therapy including a Protease Inhibitor (PI) according to their biological responses to treatment at 6 months. METHODS: From the French Hospital database on HIV, we studied the progression to a new AIDS defining Event (ADE) or death of 2236 PI-naïve patien |
| 170 | Detection of HIV RNA in plasma <400 copies/ml associated with virologic rebound. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:99 (abstract no. 170) Pilcher CD, Miller WC, Beatty ZA, Nickischer D, Eron JJ; UNC, Chapel Hill, NC. The Roche Monitor(R) system for HIV-1 RNA quantification has a lower limit of quantification of 400 copies/ml HIV-1 RNA and a variable limit of detection lower than 400 copies. The clinical significance of the distinction between HIV-1 RNA levels detected, but |
| 171 | Predictors of virologic response and subsequent failure to five different initial protease inhibitor (PI) treatment regimens. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:99 (abstract no. 171) Easterbrook PJ, Newson R, Ives NJ, Gazzard BG; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London. The durability and determinants of the viral load response to PIs outside the setting of clinical trials is unknown. We compared the effectiveness of five different PIs on time to viral undetectability and subsequent virological failure. 847 patients were identified who had received either |
| 172 | The magnitude of pVL increase does not predict treatment failure in INCAS and AVANTI studies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:100 (abstract no. 172) Montaner JS, Raboud JM, Rae S; AIDS Research Program, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether the size of an increase in plasma viral load (pVL) after reaching the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) is related to the probability of achieving a subsequent pVL=LLOQ without a change in treatment. Individual patient data from AVANTI-2 (n=102) AVANTI-3 (n=105) an |
| 173 | Initial viral load is negatively correlated with rapid HIV decline during HAART and positively correlated with HIV rebound at its interruption. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:100 (abstract no. 173) Neumann AU, Calvez V, Li TS, Tubiana R, Robert C, Agut H, Katlama C, Autran B; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. HIV kinetics during HAART was described by a biphasic decline, with a half-life of 1.5 days during the first week due to death of productively infected cells. This death rate (delta) was shown to be positively correlated with initial viral load (V0), in contradiction to the hypothesis that anti-HIV CTL responses give r |
| 174 | Clinical relevance of undetectable HIV RNA levels measured by the ultrasensitive bDNA technology 3.0. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:100 (abstract no. 174) Jaeger H, Wolf E, Mosthaf F, Wildegger A, Ulmer A, Schuster D, Becker W; KIS- Curatorium for Immunedeficiency, Germany. HIV RNA levels below the limit of quantitation of 50 or 20 copies/ml are predictive of a durable viral load (VL) suppression under ART. To evaluate the clinical significance of ultrasensitive VL assays by assessing the differences in HIV+patients (pts) who have a VL |
| 175 | The impact of ultrasensitive HIV-1 RT PCR assay on clinical decision making. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:100 (abstract no. 175) Yawetz S, Friel T, Turk B, Caliendo A, Sax P; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Assays capable of measuring as few as 20-50 copies of HIV-1 RNA/mL have recently been recommended for monitoring of antiretroviral therapy. However, it is not clear whether the results of these assays have affected clinical decision making. We reviewed the clinical implications of ultrasensitive viral load (US |
| 176 | Preliminary evaluation of HIV-1 DNA proviral quantification assays. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:101 (abstract no. 176) Coombs R, Brambilla D, Bremer J, Dickover R, Greenough T, Kwok S, Lin H, Michels C, Mundy C, Nowicki M, Peterson G, Staes B, Sullivan J, Spector S, Reichelderfer P, Yen-Lieberman B; ACTG/Virology Quality Assurance Program, University of Washington, Seattle. Potent antiretroviral therapies that suppress plasma viral RNA levels to below the limit of detection necessitate other approaches for assessing viral burden, such as quantification of proviral DNA. A standard panel based on 8E5/LAV cells was established to facilitate the development and testing of these assays. Five d |
| 177 | Hiv non-integrated DNA in the management of patients in antiretroviral combined therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:101 (abstract no. 177) Varnier OE, Giri AA, McDermott JL, Martini I, Giacomini M, Campelli A, Puppo F, Indiveri F, Klotman ME, Cara A; Molecular Virology Unit, ABCr, University of Genova, Italy. Our strategy for the detection of the various forms of HIV DNA includes a quantitative amplification of Total DNA and qualitative amplification of Non-Integrated 2LTR DNA from the same cell lysate (4x10(5)PBMCs). Both biotinylated amplicons are hybridized, captured into streptavidin coated microplates, and detected col |
| 178 | Diagnosis of acute HIV infection using p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA assays. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:101 (abstract no. 178) Hecht FM, Rawal BD, Kahn JO, Swanson M, Chesney MA, Levy JA, Busch MP; University of California, San Francisco. To evaluate p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA assays for diagnosing suspected acute HIV-1 infection. Patients were screened for the Options Project study of acute HIV if they had a recent HIV exposure risks and at least one potential acute HIV symptom. HIV-1 RNA (Chiron 2.0 bDNA assay, LOQ 500 copies/ml) an |
| 179 | Pitfalls of HIV RNA testing in the San Francisco post-exposure prevention (PEP) project. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:101 (abstract no. 179) Roland ME, Martin JN, Chernoff D, McGovern B, Bamberger J, Katz MH, Coates TJ, Kahn JO; University of California, San Francisco. The PEP Project offers testing, counseling and antiviral medications to those exposed to HIV through sex or injection drug use. HIV antibody and RNA testing are performed at baseline and weeks 4, 26 and 52. Given a specificity of 95-96% at the limit of detection (LOD), the value of RNA testing is uncertain |
| 180 | Diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric HIV infection: prospective comparison of RNA and heat-denatured p24 antigen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:101 (abstract no. 180) Nadal D, Boni J, Kind C, Varnier OE, Steiner F, Tomasik Z, Schupbach J; University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. A highly improved HIV p24 antigen (Ag) test was compared with commercial and in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedures. Viral markers were measured by PCR for HIV DNA or RNA and by signal-amplification--boosted ELISA for Ag after heat-mediated immune complex dissociation. Prospective diagnostic sensitiv |
| 181 | Early diagnosis and viral dynamics in HIV-1 infected infants in Thailand using RNA and DNA PCR assays sensitive to non-b subtypes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:101 (abstract no. 181) Young NL, Shaffer N, Chaowanachan T, Wanparapa N, Waranawat N, Chokephaibulkit K, Chotpitayasunondh T, Chuachoowong R, Mastro TD; HIV/AIDS Collab., Nonthaburi, Thailand. A comparison of DNA and RNA PCR testing on infants born to HIV-infected mothers may offer insights into optimal early diagnosis strategies, timing of vertical transmission and early disease progression. Promptly processed plasma specimens from infants from birth through 18 months in an ongoing clin |
| 182 | Analysis of PCR products from replicate amplification reactions facilitates detection of HIV-1 dual infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:102 (abstract no. 182) Becker-Pergola G, Mellquist JL, Himes L, Jackson JB, Eshleman SH; Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD. There are relatively few reports documenting dual HIV-1 infection. We postulated that dual infection may be difficult to detect in some cases due to analytic bias. To examine this, we analyzed HIV-1 from a Ugandan mother and infant. Plasma from each individual was previously shown to contain both subtype A and D HIV-1. |
| 183 | Comparison of plasma HIV-1 RNA quantification assays in a cross-sectional study involving individuals believed to have been infected in Africa and Western Europe. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:102 (abstract no. 183) Zuckerman M, Kaye S, Nesaratnam S, Donati M, Gilleece Y, Tedder R, Pozniak A; King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. Four commercial assays for plasma HIV-1 RNA quantification NASBA QT (Organon-Technika), Quantiplex Version 2.0 (Chiron) and Amplicor Monitor Versions 1.0 and 1.5 (Roche) were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Increasing numbers of individuals with non-subtype B virus infections are being reported and it has been re |
| 184 | A direct effect of HIV protease inhibitors on Candida albicans: prevention of oral candidiasis through inhibition of fungal proteinase. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:102 (abstract no. 184) Tacconelli E, De Bernardis F, Tumbarello M, Torosantucci A, Cauda R; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) causes a decline in the incidence of some opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-infected subjects (HIV+). We performed a prospective, case-control study to evaluate HAART efficacy to prevent recurrences of oral candidosis (OC) in the HIV+ setting. We also evaluated the effect |
| 185 | Continuous improvement of oral Candida colonization and skin test reactivity after one year of treatment with protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:102 (abstract no. 185) Arribas JR, Hernandez-Albujar S, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Gonzalez A, Pena JM, Vazquez JJ, Powderly WG; Fac Med. Univ. Autonoma, Madrid, Spain. Oral candida colonization is common in HIV disease. We investigated whether improved immune function seen with more effective anti-HIV therapy resulted in changes in qualitative and quantitative (OCQ) candida colonization, and skin test (ST) reactivity in a cohort of 99 advanced HIV-infected patients who started treatm |
| 186 | Evolution of fluconazole susceptibility among Candida isolates. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:103 (abstract no. 186) Schuman P, Vazquez J, Klein RS, Mayer K, Rompalo A, Sobel JD; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. To evaluate in vitro fluconazole (FLU) susceptibility (MIC) patterns among Candida albicans (CA) and non-albicans Candida (NAC) species from oral and vaginal isolates in HIV+ (median CD4 377 at baseline) and at risk HIV- women at the baseline HERS visit and at visits occurring one and two years later. Method |
| 187 | The molecular epidemiology of fluconazole refractory oral candidiasis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:103 (abstract no. 187) Fichtenbaum C, Ignatov A, Mersman D, Keath E, Koletar S, Powderly W; Washington University, St. Louis, MO. To study the molecular epidemiology of fluconazole refractory oral candidiasis (FROC) and determine whether patients are colonized with genetically similar or distinct strains of C. albicans prior to the development of FROC. ACTG 816 was a prospective, observational study of 832 persons with advanc |
| 188 | Effect of CD40L on the course of histoplasmosis in CD4-depleted mice: a model resembling AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:103 (abstract no. 188) Durkin M, Bassey E, Connolly P, Kohler S, Schnizlein-Bick C, Thomas E, Wheat J; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis. A CD4-depleted model of histoplasmosis permits evaluation of immune-based therapies which may be useful in persons with AIDS. Activated CD4 cells express CD40L which interacts with receptors on B cells, dendritic cells and monocytes. We used CD40L in a murine model for the prophylaxis and treatment of disseminated hist |
| 189 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:103 (abstract no. 189) |
| 190 | Liver fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C and HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:103 (abstract no. 190) Puoti M, Bonacini M, Govindarajan S, Spinetti A, Putzolu V, Favret M, Gargiulo F, Callea F, Carosi G; I.D. Section, University of Brescia, Italy. To compare the estimated fibrosis progression rate (EFPR) in HIV/HCV coinfection vs. HCV alone using one liver biopsy (1). PATIENTS: 204 pts, HCV RNA +, IDU as risk factor for HCV infection, available liver biopsy, and known initial exposure. Exclusion: previous IFN or HAART, HBsAg+. Alcoholism if > 80 gram/d. HCV |
| 191 | Histological damage of hepatitis C virus in HIV infected patients. A case control study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:104 (abstract no. 191) Tor J, Tural C, Ojanguren I, Romeu J, Villaseca Z, Rovira C, Veny A, Sirera G, Jinemez JA, Muga R, Clotet B, Rey-Joly C; Internal Medicine Service, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain. 1)To study if patients with hepatitis C virus and HIV coinfection have a worse histological status than those with hepatitis C alone; 2) to evaluate the correlation of the histological status with liver enzymes, CD4 counts and HIV and HCV viral loads in HIV infected patients. We evaluated 106 patient |
| 192 | Changes in HCV viral load in HIV patients during HAART therapy and after therapy failure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:104 (abstract no. 192) Bush C, Nagabhairu L, Markowitz N, Bramlet E, Donovan R, Ben-Menachem T, Mayers D; Division of Infectious Diseases, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI. Limited data exists assessing the effect of coinfection with HIV on HCV disease progression. This study examined the question of whether HAART therapy directed at HIV might effect HCV viral load, and if failure of HAART was associated with a change in HCV viral load. HCV and HIV RNA viral loads (Roche PCR Monitor) were |
| 193 | HAART does not modify HCV replication in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:104 (abstract no. 193) Perez-Olmeda M, Machuca A, Garcia-Samaniego J, Soriano V; Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Services, Institute de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is very common among IDUs and hemophiliacs. HAART modifies the prognosis of HIV infection causing an improvement in the immune status but its effect on HCV replication is not well known. We investigated the influence of p |
| 194 | Carrying of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA is associated with a more favorable immunological, virological and clinical progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in coinfected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:104 (abstract no. 194) Morand-Joubert L, Roudot-Thoraval F, Petit JC, Lerable J, Thauvin M, Mariotti M, Lefrere JJ; Hospital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. GBV-C/HGV being blood-borne and sexually transmitted, the prevalence of the infection is high in HIV-infected patients. However, the long-term consequences of the GBV-C/HGV-HIV co-infection are unknown. For this reason, we undertook a longitudinal study in order to determine the impact of GBV-C/HGV infection on the nat |
| 195 | Hepatitis A immunization in HIV-infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:104 (abstract no. 195) Wallace MR, Tasker SA, Earhart KC, Chamberlin-Brandt CJ; Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA. Hepatitis A is common in HIV-infected populations, and often leads to interruption of antiretroviral therapy and/or clinically relevant increases in viral load. Two inactivated hepatitis A vaccines (HAVRIX and VAQTA) are now available in the U.S., but neither is approved for use in HIV disease. Previous studies using H |
| 196 | Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance to lamivudine in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:104 (abstract no. 196) Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, Caumes E, Opolon P, Katlama C, Bricaire F, Poynard T; GH PITIE-SALPETRIERE, PARIS. To study HBV resistance to lamivudine in HIV infected patients. Sixty six HIV-HBV coinfected patients with a detectable serum HBV DNA at the beginning of lamivudine (150 mg b.id), without hepatitis C or delta infections and who never received a potent anti-HBV therapy were studied. Breakthrough was define |
| 197 | Risk factors for human herpes virus-8 seroprevalence in a cohort of HIV seronegative MSM. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:105 (abstract no. 197) Pauk J, Krone M, Chandran B, Koelle D, Wald A, Corey L, Celum C; University of Washington, Seattle. To assess prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for HHV-8 in HIV-negative MSM in Seattle. Serologic testing for HHV-8 antibodies at baseline and 12 months among a cohort of 578 sexually active HIV-negative MSM. Sera were tested with an immunofluorescent assay for latent and lytic antibodies using |
| 198 | Concurrent epidemics of HHV-8 and HIV-1 in homosexual men. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:105 (abstract no. 198) O'Brien T, Kedes D, Ganem D, Macrae D, Goedert J; Viral Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD. The Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) epidemic may have resulted from dual epidemics of HIV-1 and a second sexually transmitted agent. HHV-8 may be the second agent, but data on HHV-8 frequency among homosexual men during the early 1980 s are lacking. To clarify the epidemiology of HHV-8, we studied 245 homosexual men |
| 199 | Do homosexual men have a higher risk of KS compared with other HIV-HHV-8 coinfected individuals? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:105 (abstract no. 199) Rezza G, Andreoni M, Dorrucci M, Pezzotti P, Monini P, Ensoli B; Institute Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Little information is still available on incubation time and determinants of progression in HIV/HHV-8 co-infected individuals. We studied 366 individuals belonging to different HIV-exposure categories (homosexual men, heterosexual contacts, injecting drug users) who had a documented negative test followed by a positive |
| 200 | HHV-8 seroprevalence in an injecting drug user cohort. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:105 (abstract no. 200) Jacobson LP, Bernstein KT, Jenkins F, Vlahov D, Armenian H; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. The goal of this analysis was to determine the HHV-8 seroprevalence (SP) in a cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs). In 1988, the AIDS Link to Intravenous Experiences [ALIVE] study recruited 2921 adult IDUs who were free of AIDS. Using the baseline visit, a random sample comprised of 96 HIV-1 seronegative and 294 HIV-1 |
| 201 | Coinfection of HIV and HHV-8: seroepidemiology and influence on the course of HIV-disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:105 (abstract no. 201) Low P, Neipel F, Rascu A, Raab M, Kalden JR, Fleckenstein B, Harrer T; Department of Medicine III, Erlangen, Germany. To analyze the seroprevalence of human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) in various risk groups of HIV-infected patients and to study potential influences of HHV-8 infection on the course of HIV-infection. Using a Western Blot against the HHV-8 glycoprotein K 8.1, sera of 167 HIV infected patients (125 male |
| 202 | Longitudinal study of human herpesvirus 8 in patients with HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:106 (abstract no. 202) Spira T, Lam L, Pau C, Kite-Powell K, Meng Y, Dollard S, Pellett P; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Longitudinal serum specimens from a cohort of homosexual HIV-infected men were tested for antibodies to HHV-8 using two peptide EIAs. The assays measured antibodies to either an immunogenic peptide from the orf65 or the K8.1 region of the virus. Of 67 sera tested, 44 (67%) were HHV-8 seronegative at the time of their l |
| 203 | Quantitation of HHV-8 viral load by PCR. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:106 (abstract no. 203) Lee TH, Chrebtow V, Busch MP; Blood Centers of the Pacific, San Francisco CA. HHV-8 has been shown to be associated with development of Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) in HIV+ individuals; however, the relationship between the HHV-8 viral load in blood and transmission or development of KS is unclear. We developed a quantitative PCR assay to characterize viral load of HHV-8 in white blood cell |
| 204 | Activity of Taxotere as therapy for pretreated HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. An ANRS trial. Pharmacokinetics with protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:106 (abstract no. 204) Boue F, Lebbe C, Caumes E, Vergniol JC, Baille P, Lebocq A, Lancar R, Costagliola D; ANRS, Paris, France. To determine the response rate, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of Taxotere (Docetaxel) as a second line therapy for patients with KS. Patients and methods: Phase II trial including HIV patients with progressive KS previously treated with at least one prior course of chemotherapy(ct). Docetaxel: one hour IV i |
| 205 | Topical alitretinoin gel as treatment for cutaneous lesions of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: results of two multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trials. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:106 (abstract no. 205) Conant M; University of California, San Francisco. The efficacy, tolerability and safety of 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin, LGD1057, Panretin (R) gel) 0.1% gel in the treatment of cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KS were evaluated in two multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies involving 402 patients. Patients response rates we |
| 206 | Evidence of immune reconstitution and HIV control following EPOCH chemotherapy (CT) for HIV-related lymphomas (HIV-NHL). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:106 (abstract no. 206) Little RF, Pearson D, Elwood P, Franchini G, Yarchoan R, Wilson WH; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. CD4 depletion is a sequelae of both CT and HIV infection. To minimize CD4 decline during treatment for HIV-NHL, low-dose CT and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are recommended. However, in non-HIV-NHL, CT dose-intensity (DI) is associated with cure. Unpredictable pharmacokinetic interactions and overlappin |
| 207 | Phenotypical and histological patterns of lymphomas in HIV-patients before and after HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:106 (abstract no. 207) Ginsburg C, Gombert B, Jondeau K, Damaj G, Silbermann B, Franck N, Blanche P, Sicard D, Salmon-Ceron D; Hopital Cochin-Tarnier, Paris, France. The goal of this study is to compare the phenotypical and histological patterns of lymphomas in HIV-patients. It is a retrospective study of 56 HIV-patients with lymphomas diagnosed from 1986 to end of 1997: 47 patients in the pre highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) period, 9 under proteas |
| 208 | The Epstein-Barr virus BALF1 gene encodes a viral bcl-2 homlog that heterodimerizes with bax and bak. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:107 (abstract no. 208) Marshall WL, Yim C, Gustafson E, Graf T, Sage D, Fingeroth J, Hanify K, Williams L, Marks P, Finberg RW; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is responsible for several opportunistic AIDS malignancies, including Non-Hodgkin s Lymphoma. Many viruses contain viral bcl-2 homologs (vbcl-2s) which inhibit cytotoxic host defenses and immortalize cells by preventing the apoptotic death of infected cells. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) |
| 209 | Multicentric castleman's disease (MCD) in HIV infection therapy and HHV8 viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:107 (abstract no. 209) Oksenhendler E, Quint L, Neuville S, Agbalika F; Hospital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. Fax: 33 1 42499472. Patients: Diagnosis of MCD was established on lymph node biopsy (37) and/or splenectomy (20) in 40 patients with HIV infection. KS was associated in 30/40. Mean CD4 cell count was 162 (1-373) x10(6)/l. Therapy: Splenectomy was performed in 20 pts and was associated with a transient improvement and a longer median overa |
| 210 | HIV-1 transmission by a needle-stick injury despite rapid initiation of four-drug postexposure prophylaxis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:107 (abstract no. 210) Perdue B, Wolderufael D, Mellors J, Quinn T, Margolick J; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. A 51 year-old health care worker (HCW) sustained a blood-contaminated needle-stick in 5/98 while drawing blood from an HIV +, hepatitis C virus (HCV) + injection drug user. The HCW had no history of needle-sticks, drug injection, recent sexual activity, or transfusions. Zidovudine (ZDV)/lamivudine ( |
| 211 | National post-exposure prophylaxis hotline (PEPline) for health care workers: exposure characteristics and treatment recommendations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:107 (abstract no. 211) Goldschmidt R, Bangsberg D, Perlman J, Balano K, Fahrner R, Gerberding J; San Francisco General Hospital, CA. Occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens require urgent expert evaluation and treatment, which is not available at all facilities. The PEPline (supported by HRSA/CDC) at SFGH/UCSF provides immediate nationwide telephone (888/448-4911) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) consultation for health care w |
| 212 | Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:108 (abstract no. 212) Puro V, Ippolito G; Centro Riferimento AIDS, IRCCS l Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. Up to June 1998, data were collected on a total of 215 individuals after 116 needlesticks, 29 sharp injuries, 35 mucous membrane and 18 skin contamination, 2 fight injuries 6 sexual exposures, 1 deep bite, 8 not recorded. Initial regimen: two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) in 103 cases, and two NRTI |
| 213 | Practices in connection with occupational exposure (OE) in French nurses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:108 (abstract no. 213) Rabaud C, Zanea A, Blech MF, May T, Mur JM, Guillemin F; CHU de Nancy, France. 1401 nurses have received an anonymous questionnaire which was completed and returned by 964 (69%) (826 women (86%); mean age = 29.5 years [20-58]). 459 nurses had just completed nurse school (YN). 947 nurses (99%) had been vaccinated against HBV, and 528 (56%) had controlled anti-HBs titers (less observed by YN and by |
| 214 | Utilization and adherence of a population-based post-exposure prophylaxis program. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:108 (abstract no. 214) Beardsell A, Lai C, Hogg R, Mcleod WA, Yip B; BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. To examine the utilization of population-based HIV post-exposure (occupational/community) prophylaxis program in BC, focusing on the nature of the exposure, time to treatment, adherence and barriers to adherence. Five day starter kits containing zidovudine and lamivudine are distributed throughout |
| 215 | Contrasting non-occupational from occupational exposures: initial findings from the San Francisco HIV post-exposure prevention (PEP) project. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:108 (abstract no. 215) Martin JN, Roland ME, Bamberger J, Chesney MA, Waldo CR, Katz MH, Coates TJ, Kahn JO; University of California, San Francisco. In PEP after occupational exposures, source serostatus ascertainment is high but health care worker follow-up and medication acceptability are poor. In the debate over the advisability of PEP after sexual or injection drug use exposures, source assessment, treatment follow-up, and drug toxicity are unknown |
| 216 | Env and pol polymorphisms in US blood donors with recently acquired HIV-1 infections. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:108 (abstract no. 216) Machado D, Deoliveira CF, Diaz RS, Rawal BD, Sullivan M, Gwinn M, Busch M; Blood Centers of the Pacific, San Francisco CA. Characterize prevalence of clinically significant env and pol mutations among recently infected blood donors. Screening 5,230,463 whole blood donations from 95- 96 yielded 410 HIV infected donors (0.08%); 281 enrolled to study HIV risk factors and subtype distribution. Using a new less sensitive (LS |
| 217 | Prevalence of protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in recent HIV-1 seroconverters in Seattle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:109 (abstract no. 217) Donovan R, Berrey M, Corey L, Mayers D; Henry Ford Health Center, Detroit, MI. The transmission of HIV resistant to antiretroviral therapy is a concern for the management of newly diagnosed patients. This study examined the prevalence of genotypic mutations associated with resistance to antiretrovirals in 24 patients from Seattle who were infected with HIV in 1996-1997. One subject was female and |
| 218 | Primary antiretroviral resistance in recently infected injection drug users and in drug naïve individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:109 (abstract no. 218) Alexander C, Dong W, Mo T, O'Shaugnessy M, Schechter M, Montaner J, Harrigan PR; BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. To determine the frequency of mutations associated with primary resistance in two populations: drug naïve individuals starting treatment in British Columbia, and in injection drug using HIV seroconverters. Design: The first arm of this study examined all individuals (N= 256) entering the BC HIV Drug Treatmen |
| 219 | Heterosexual transmission of NNRTI-resistant HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:109 (abstract no. 219) Feinberg J, Petropoulos CJ, Hellmann N, Richman DD; University of Cincinnati, OH. Until recently most reports documenting transmission of resistant HIV-1 have detected AZT resistance; there is a report of homosexually transmitted nevirapine (NVP)-resistance. Isolates from primary HIV infections in 1996-8 (Yerly S et al; Hecht F et al; Geneva, 199 |
| 220 | Seminal HIV-1 culture positivity does not correlate with viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:109 (abstract no. 220) Evans JS, Walter EA, Ashley RL, Anderson SA, Merritt T, Storey DF, Wegner S, Dolan MJ; Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX. To characterize the virologic features of HIV-1 in semen and correlate these features with viral detection in blood, disease stage and antiretroviral therapy (ART). 103 HIV+ males with CD4 counts of 40-1931 cells/mm3 (mean:521), 39% of whom were on ART, donated 2 semen samples separated by 48 hours |
| 221 | AZT & 3TC affect excretion of HIV in semen: measurement of antiviral drug concentration in blood and seminal plasma. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:109 (abstract no. 221) Pereira A, Tidwell R, Eron J, Troiani L, Kashuba A, Dunn J, Fiscus S, Schock J, Shepard R, Hall J, Cohen M; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hills. HIV transmission may depend on the concentration of the virus in human secretions. One aim of antimicrobial therapy is to reduce the concentration of the transmissible agent. We began a study ( AZT 600mg/day, 3TC 300mg/day) in nine HIV-positive antiviral naïve men. |
| 222 | The effects of amprenavir (APV) alone or in combination with ZDV/3TC, on HIV-1 levels in semen: a substudy of ACTG 347. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:109 (abstract no. 222) Eron J, Smeaton L, Degruttola V, Schock J, Fiscus S, Tung R, Gulick R, Murphy R; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. HIV-1 is predominantly transmitted through sexual contact. The effects of antiretrovirals on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract merit careful study, especially if improvements in clinical outcomes coincide with increases in sexual activity. In ACTG 347, a randomized blinded study of APV vs. APV/ZDV/ |
| 223 | Variation in genital tract shedding of HIV RNA with the menstrual cycle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:110 (abstract no. 223) Reichelderfer P, Coombs R, Wright D, Burns D, Cohn J, Kovacs A; NICHD/NIH, Bethesda, MD. Recent reports suggest no difference in HIV DNA detection during the menstrual cycle. We assessed HIV-1 RNA variation through out two menstrual cycles in 16 women. The genital tract was sampled for HIV-1 RNA using the following methods: 1. Sno-strip adsorption of cell-free RNA from the cervical os; 2. Cytobrush of the |
| 224 | Correlations of HIV-1 viral loads in plasma and female genital tract secretions with systemic and mucosal immune responses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:110 (abstract no. 224) Vancott TC, Bush T, Lennox JL, Zitomersky N, Hart C, Wright TC, Robb M, Pratt-Palmore M, Conley L, Birx D, Schnell C, Ellerbrock T; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD. To correlate HIV-1 RNA levels with IgG and IgA immune responses in plasma and vaginal lavages (VGL) of HIV-1-infected women. Using specimens from 52 HIV-1-infected women, we measured HIV-1 RNA levels, total IgG and IgA concentrations, HIV-1 specific IgG and IgA titers, and specific activities for gp |
| 225 | Dynamics of HIV-1 suppression in the genital tract of antiretroviral naïve HIV+ women starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:110 (abstract no. 225) Juliano-Remollino C, Caliendo AM, Flanigan TP, Allega J, Cu-Uvin S; Brown University, Providence, RI. To determine the timing of HIV-1 suppression in the genital tract and plasma among antiviral naïve women starting HAART. Five HIV+ women had cervicovaginal lavage (CVL)HIV-1 RNA and plasma viral load (PVL) done daily for the first week, at two weeks and one month after starting HAART. HIV-1 RNA was |
| 226 | Productive infection of human epithelial cells by cell-free HIV-1 viruses - implications to possible mechanisms of sexual transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:110 (abstract no. 226) Wu ZW, Vale K, Zacropoulos V, Phillips DM; Population Council, New York, NY. The majority of the HIV infections are mediated by sexual activity. Epithelial cells lining the mucosal surface of the GU tract are likely the initial targets for infection. However, infection of epithelial cells by cell-free virus is controversial. We report that immortalized human epithelial cell lines derived from n |
| 227 | New York State comprehensive newborn HIV screening program: the first eleven months. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:110 (abstract no. 227) Wade N, Birkhead G, Walsh R, Glaros R, Warren B, Pass K, Schedlbauer L, Hackel S, Maiwald L; New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), AIDS Institute, Albany. In 1996, NYSDOH implemented regulations requiring that licensed prenatal care facilities provide HIV counseling and recommended voluntary testing for all pregnant women. In February 1997, the NYSDOH initiated a comprehensive newborn HIV screening program (NSP) in which all newborns are HIV tested on the sam |
| 228 | On the verge of elimination of perinatally acquired HIV/AIDS? Updated trends in HIV/AIDS in the United States. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:111 (abstract no. 228) Lindegren ML, Byers B, Roger M, Wortley P, Fleming P; CDC, Atlanta, GA. To assess the impact of voluntary, prenatal HIV testing and maternal/neonatal ZDV use on trends in perinatally acquired (PA) HIV/AIDS. We analyzed trends in PA AIDS cases reported in US by 6/98; for recent birth cohorts we adjusted for incubation distribution and reporting delays. Rates per 100,000 |
| 229 | Absence of expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on human placental term trophoblasts. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:111 (abstract no. 229) Pollack H, Rochford G, Monard S, Borkowsky W; New York University Medical Center, NY. The susceptibility of human placental trophoblasts to HIV-infection and its role in vertical HIV infection has been controversial. In this study we examined whether trophoblasts express co-receptors for HIV. Human placental trophoblasts were isolated by enzymatic digestion and purified by density gradient centrifugatio |
| 230 | CCR2B-641 chemokine receptor allele does not prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission or disease progression in infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:111 (abstract no. 230) Delfraissy JF, Teglas JP, N'go N, Burgard M, Mayaux MJ, Rouzioux C, Blanche S, Misrahi M; Hopital Bicetre, France. Context and objectives: The beneficial role of a variant of the chemokine receptor (CCR2B-641) in the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults has been recently reported but is still controversial. Futhermore no studies have been performed on mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and |
| 231 | Mother-to child transmission of HIV-1: evaluation of HIV-1 coreceptor usage. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:111 (abstract no. 231) Paul MO, Abrams EA, Bakshi S, Romano J, Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset. To evaluate the significance of HIV-1 coreceptor usage in maternal-infant transmission. Examination of primary HIV-1 maternal isolates from 7 transmitters (8 isolates) and 7 nontransmitters (7 isolates), and from 13 infants (32 isolates), of whom 6 were offspring of the transmitter mothers above. Ag |
| 232 | Evidence for transmission of dual-tropic HIV-1 from mother to child and reversion to macrophage tropism with age? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:111 (abstract no. 232) Paul MO, Abrams EA, Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY. Macrophage-tropic viruses are usually transmitted in HIV-1 infection, and may change to T cell tropic viruses with disease progression. During a recently concluded project on the laboratory diagnosis of HIV-1 in perinatally exposed infants, we isolated HIV-1 from sequentially collected blood samples. Object |
| 233 | HIV infection of human placental cord blood CD34+ stem cells and their progeny. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:111 (abstract no. 233) Li Y, Hariharan D, Song L, Cutilli J, Ho WZ; Division of Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Joseph Stokes Jr. Research Institute at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA. The susceptibility of hematopoietic stem cells to HIV infection has been and remains unclear. Human placental cord blood (HPCB) is rich in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of highly purified HPCB CD34+ stem cells to HIV infection in vitro. In comparison to uninfecte |
| 234 | HIV RNA in maternal and cord plasma. Evidence for in utero, prenatal transmission of subtype C HIV-1 infection in Zimbabwe. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:112 (abstract no. 234) Guevara H, Tobaiwa O, Mohammed K, Mason P, Hendry M, Katzenstein D; California Department Health Services, Berkeley. To determine the frequency of detection and quantification of HIV RNA in cord and maternal plasma among seropositive women in Harare. Maternal (MP) and cord (CP) plasma in acid citrate dextran (separated and frozen at -70), medical and demographic data were collected from 149 women delivering at Har |
| 235 | Maternal HIV-1 RNA and V3 antibodies predict risks for vertical transmission and mortality in subtype C virus infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:112 (abstract no. 235) Katzenstein D, Guevara H, Hendry M, Gittens T, Zijena L, Mbizvo M; Stanford University, CA. To determine risks for perinatal transmission and infant mortality among HIV-1 seropositive women and their infants in Harare, Zimbabwe . HIV-1 RNA and V3 envelope antibodies were measured in serum from 133 women; 54 did not transmit HIV infection (NTX), 35 whose infants were seropositive at 2 years |
| 236 | Dual infection with subtype A and D HIV-1 in a ugandan mother-infant pair. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:112 (abstract no. 236) Mellquist JL, Becker-Pergola G, Gu J, Guay L, Himes L, Kataaha P, Mmiro F, Ndugwa C, Jackson JB, Eshleman SH; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD. There are few reports documenting infection with two different HIV-1 subtypes, particularly in infants. Most HIV-1 infections in Uganda involve either subtype A or D. We analyzed HIV-1 from the plasma of a Ugandan woman and her infant as part of a study of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Plasma was collected from t |
| 237 | The relationship of placental HIV RNA and maternal antiretroviral therapy on perinatal transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:112 (abstract no. 237) Ananworanich J, Popek EJ, Hanson IC, Hammill HA, Shearer WT; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. The effect of AZT on the prevention of HIV vertical transmission is not completely understood. Decreases in serum viral load are not uniformly associated with transmission interruption. The role of placental viral load in transmission prevention has not been studied. We evaluated placental HIV RNA and the potential for |
| 238 | Zidovudine genotypic resistance in HIV-1 infected newborns in the French HIV-1 perinatal cohort study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:112 (abstract no. 238) Masquelier B, Burgard M, Doussin A, Simon F, Cottalorda J, Izopet J, Tamalet C, Fluery H, Mayaux MJ, Blanche S, Rouzioux C; University Hospital of Bordeaux, France. After the systematic use of zidovudine (ZDV) for preventing maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1, the risk fell from 18% to about 6% in France . We set out a retrospective study to investigate the frequency of ZDV resistant -HIV-1 in the remaining infected newborns (from 04. 1994 to 10.1996 ) in the french |
| 239 | Evaluation of failure of ZDV in preventing perinatal HIV transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:112 (abstract no. 239) Bornschlegel K, Fine A, Mapson C, Thomas P; New York City (NYC) Dept. of Health, NY. Background Zidovudine (ZDV) has significantly reduced but has not eliminated perinatal HIV transmission in the US. In NYC, the transmission rate among women prescribed prenatal ZDV is 10%, compared to 22% without ZDV. This study analyzed risk factors for perinatal HIV transmission despite ZDV prophylaxis. Methods Subje |
| 240 | 3-color flow cytometric markers of lymphocyte activation and memory in perinatal HIV transmission and infant infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:113 (abstract no. 240) Moye J, Stiehm ER, Bethel J, Paxton H, Suter H, Plaeger S, Rosenblatt H, Landay A, Mofenson LM, Mathieson B, Kagan J; NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Evaluation of association of lymphocyte immunophenotypic markers of activation and memory with perinatal HIV transmission and infant infection. METHOD: Selected lymphocyte phenotypic subset marker pairs were enumerated on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes by 3-color flow cytometry in 209 HIV-infecte |
| 241 | Safety, tolerability and efficacy of ritonavir in the prevention of vertical transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:113 (abstract no. 241) Limpongsanurak S, Van Leeuwen R, Macleod C; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. The avoidance of breastfeeding and short-term therapy with zidovudine (ZDV), starting at 36 weeks of pregnancy, then every 3 hours during labor, cuts the rate of vertical transmission of HIV from about 19% to about 9%. While ZDV monotherapy provides modest decreases in HIV RNA levels (around 0.5 log10) |
| 242 | Increased plasma HIV RNA is associated with decreased muscle protein synthesis rate and increased plasma myostatin levels in AIDS-wasting. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:113 (abstract no. 242) Yarasheski KE, Tebas P, Bhasin S, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Powderly WG; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO. Myostatin is a muscle-specific growth and differentiation factor (GDF-8) expressed by a recently discovered gene within the TGF-beta superfamily, and it appears to suppress muscle growth. Myostatin underexpression in knockout-mice results in muscles that are 2-3x larger than wild-type mice. We hypothesized that AIDS-mu |
| 243 | Intestinal IL-15 and interferongamma (IFNgamma) in cryptoporidiosis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:113 (abstract no. 243) Okhuysen P, Robinson P, Watson V, Actor J, Lewis D, Lahoti S, Cron S, Shahab I, Chappell C, White AC Jr; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Effective antiretroviral therapy has been associated with restoration of the immune response with accompanying resolution of opportunistic infections including cryptosporidiosis. The intestinal cytokine signals involved with eradication of cryptosporidiosis are unknown. To assess the role of cytokines in human cryptosp |
| 244 | Association between pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, P. carinii molecular genotype, and clinical outcomes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:114 (abstract no. 244) Huang L, Beard CB, Tumer J, Navin TR; San Francisco General Hospital, CA. To evaluate whether there is an association between: (1) trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TS) or Dapsone use for PCP prophylaxis and the P. carinii molecular genotype of dyhydropteroate synthase (DHPS), the enzyme target of these drugs and (2) DHPS genotype and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with PCP. |
| 245 | Cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and soluble TNF receptors levels in cocaine users and patients with HIV-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:114 (abstract no. 245) Letendre SL, Durand RJ, McCutchan JA; University of California, San Diego. TNFα can upregulate HIV replication in infected cells. CSF TNFα and HIV RNA are elevated in HAD. Since COC increases TNFα secretion and enhances HIV replication by TNFα-related mechanisms, users may have disproportionate CSF elevations resulting in increased risk of HAD. Levels of sTNFR and |
| 246 | Chemokine and chemokine receptor gene variants and risk of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:114 (abstract no. 246) Rabkin C, Yang Q, Goedert J, Nguyen G, O'Neill D, Mitsuya H, Sei S; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Normal B-cell maturation and proliferation are regulated by chemokines, and genetic polymorphisms in chemokines and chemokine receptors modify progression of HIV-1 infection. Therefore, we examined 746 HIV-1-infected persons for associations of previously described SDF-1 chemokine and CCR5 and CCR2 receptor gene varian |
| 247 | HHV-8 viremia in HIV-1 infected persons. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:114 (abstract no. 247) Fitzpatrick L, Mawhinney S, Zhang XQ, Schooley RT, Campbell TB; University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver. The present study was undertaken to determine if detection of HHV-8 viremia by PCR is a useful adjunct to HHV-8 antibody testing for the diagnosis of HHV-8 infection and to evaluate the factors associated with HHV-8 viremia in HIV-1 infected persons. 216 HIV-1 infected persons were enrolled in a prospective, cross-sect |
| 248 | Reconstitution of M. avium complex (MAC) immune responses after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:114 (abstract no. 248) Havlir DV, Schrier R, Torriani F, Chervenak K, Boom H; University of California, San Diego. The effect of HAART on pathogen specific immune responses has important implications for therapeutic strategies. The objective of our study was to evaluate in vitro proliferative lymphocyte responses to MAC antigens in patients with and without disseminated MAC pre and post-HAART and compare t |
| 249 | ACTG 223: an open, prospective, randomized, study comparing efficacy and safety of clarithromycin (C) plus ethambutol (E), rifabutin (R) or both for treatment (Rx) of MAC disease in pts. with AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:114 (abstract no. 249) Benson C, Williams P, Currier J, Holland F, Hojczyk P, Mahon L, MacGregor R, Inderlied C, Nash K, Flexner C, Hafner R; UCHSC, Denver, CO. To determine efficacy and safety of C+E, C+R or C+E+R for Rx of DMAC in pts. with AIDS. Pts. with culture-proven DMAC and |
| 250 | Lymphoproliferative responses to CMV predict CMV retinitis reactivation in patients who discontinued CMV maintenance therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:115 (abstract no. 250) Torriani FJ, Freeman WR, Karavellas M, MacDonald C, Jeffrey D, Durand D, Schrier R; University of California, San Diego. Lymphoproliferative responses (LPA) to CMV can be restored in patients with CMV retinitis (CMVR) who have sustained CD4 rises in response to potent antiretroviral therapy (ARV). We have shown that LPA were significantly higher in 10 patients with immune recovery vitritis (IRV) compared to 4 wi |
| 251 | Incidence and risk factors for developing CMV retinitis in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitor therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:115 (abstract no. 251) Arrizabalaga J, Casado JL, Tural C, Martin Belda P, Gutierrez C, Iribarren JA, Aguirrebengoa K; Hosp. Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Spain. To assess the incidence and risk factors for cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis in HIV-infected patients who receive protease inhibitor therapy. Design and setting: a prospective multicenter study of a cohort of 172 HIV infected patients with a CD4+ cell count below 100 x 10(6)/L at time of protease inhibitor |
| 252 | Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8+ T-cell depletion in SIV-infected macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:115 (abstract no. 252) Jin X, Bauer D, Tuttleton S, Lewin S, Gettie A, Irwin C, Safrit J, Zhang L, Ho D; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. To determine the role of CD8+ T cells in controlling SIV replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting CD8 cells, using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, in 6 macaques chronically infected by SIVmac (baseline plasma viremia of 1.3x10(5) ± 2.3x10(5) copies/ml, n=6). In all animals treated with the OKT8F anti |
| 253 | Evidence for importance of CD8+ T cells in controlling SIVmac infection using a CD8 cell depleting mAb in vivo in rhesus monkeys. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:115 (abstract no. 253) Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Santra S, Dalesandro M, Ghrayeb J, Montefiori DC, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Rieber E, Letvin NL, Reimann KA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. Correlative clinical evidence suggests that virus-specific CTL may play an important role in controlling the intense viremia seen during primary HIV infection and in maintaining suppression of HIV replication during chronic infection. Using a mouse-human chimeric anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, we directly assessed the r |
| 254 | Emergence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes coincides with clearance of virus during primary SIV mac infection in rhesus monkeys. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:116 (abstract no. 254) Kuroda MJ, Schmitz JE, Charini WA, Letvin NL; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response was characterized during primary SIVmac infection of rhesus monkeys to assess its role in containing early viral replication using both an epitope-specific functional and an MHC class I/peptide tetramer binding assay. The rapid expansion of a single dominant viral epitope-speci |
| 255 | MHC class I immunogenetics and CTL escape in a family of MHC-defined macaques infected with SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:116 (abstract no. 255) Evans D, Jing P, O'Connor D, Allen T, Venham J, Rudersdorf R, Dasilva J, Bontrop R, Pauza C, Demars R, Hughes A, Watkins D; Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA. MHC class I-restricted CTL responses are important in the resolution of primary viremia, and in the control of HIV replication prior to the onset of AIDS. To explore the influence of MHC class I polymorphism on disease progression, we infected five Mamu-DRB-identical members of a family of MHC-defined rhesus macaques i |
| 256 | Containment of breakthrough HIV plasma viremia in the absence of antiretroviral drug therapy is associated with a broad and vigorous HIV specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:116 (abstract no. 256) Ortiz GM, Jin X, Demoitie MA, Donahoe S, Kuebler PJ, Bonhoeffer S, Kakimoto WM, Cao Y, Ho DD, Markowitz M, Nixon DF; The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. Early intervention with antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection can durably suppress virus replication, although virus replication may persist at low level. The immunological and virological responses in 4/12 subjects (6, 8, 11 and 12) enrolled on a trial of early therapeutic intervention who had episodes of drug dis |
| 257 | Protection of macaques against pathogenic SHIV-89.6PD by passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:116 (abstract no. 257) Mascola J, Lewis M, Stiegler G, Katinger H, Harris D, Hayes D, Louder M, Vancott T, Frankel S, Brown C, Sapan C, Robb M, Birx D; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD. The role of antibody (Ab) in protection against of HIV-1 has been difficult to study in-vivo because most primary isolates do not infect non-human primates. Using a simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) based on the envelope of the primary isolate HIV-89.6, we performed passive transfer experiments in macaques to |
| 258 | High RANTES production from CD4+ cells correlates with slower progression to AIDS and with CCR5-delta32 heterozygocity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:116 (abstract no. 258) Paxton W, Neumann A, Brown C, Deutsch L, Kang S, Kostrikis L, Ho D, Koup R, Wolinsky S; AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. We have previously shown that enriched CD4+ lymphocytes from CCR5-delta32 individuals had lower surface expression levels of CCR5 which correlated with low levels of in-vitro replication of R5 utilizing HIV-1 isolates. Here, preseroconversion PBMC samples isolated from 45 individuals, with variant disease courses, in t |
| 259 | CCR variants, SDF-1 polymorphism, and disease progression in 720 HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:116 (abstract no. 259) Meyer L, Van Rij R, Magierowska M, Prins M, Hubert JB, De Roda Husman AM, Coutinho R, Theodorou I, Schuitemaker H; INSERM U292, Bicetre Hospital, France. Chemokine receptor alterations such as CCR5-delta32 and CCR2b 64I have been found to be associated with prolonged AIDS-free survival. Conflicting results have been published on homozygosity for a G to A transition in the 3 untranslated region of SDF1 and disease progression. A combined analysis of the SEROCO and Amster |
| 260 | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to human herpesvirus 8 lytic proteins during primary HHV-8 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:117 (abstract no. 260) Wang Q, Jenkins F, Jacobson L, Pellet P, Johnson L, Kingsley L, Kousoulas K, Baghian A, Rinaldo C; University of Pittsburgh, PA. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity may be important in the pathogenesis of HHV-8 infection. We have shown that HLA class I--restricted, CD8+ CTL can be detected to HHV-8 lytic proteins gB, gH, MCP, MiCP and IE in HHV-8 seropositive individuals. In the present study, HIV seronegative individuals from the Multicenter |
| 261 | During the transmission of HIV-1 from mature dendritic cells to T cells, the first round of virus replication occurs in dendritic cells by a CD40L dependent pathway. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:117 (abstract no. 261) Granelli-Piperno A, Finkel V, Delgado E, Steinman RM; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. To initiate immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) capture antigens at body surfaces, undergo maturation to express T cell costimulatory molecules, and then migrate to lymphoid organs. DCs at body surfaces can capture HIV-1, but mature DCs do not replicate virus unless T cells are added. The initial site for viral replication |
| 262 | Placentas express predominantly type 2 cytokines and CXCR4: significant downregulation of CXCR4 occurs in placentas from HIV-1 transmitting women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:117 (abstract no. 262) Patterson B, Popek E, Ananworanich J, Siegal J, Burki Z, Jiyamapa D, Andersson J, Landay A, Lore K, Garcia P; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. The role of the placenta in perinatal transmission of HIV is not known. To evaluate viral-host interactions at the maternal-fetal interface, we analyzed trophoblast tissue from 3 term, HIV-placentas, 11 placentas from non-tranmitting, HIV+ women (gestational ages 32-41 wks), 3 products of conception (gestational ages 1 |
| 263 | Polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of the CCR5 influence perinatal transmission of HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:117 (abstract no. 263) Kostrikis LG, Neumann AU, Thompson B, Lew JF, Mcintosh K, Pollack H, Palumbo P, Ho DD, Moore JP; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. The CCR5 gene encodes a cell surface protein, which is the major co-receptor for the most commonly transmitted strains HIV-1. Individuals homozygous for a 32-nucleotide deletion in the CCR5 coding region (CCR5-D32) are very strongly resistant to sexual transmission of HIV-1. Two additional polymorphic sites in the CCR5 |
| 264 | Genital tract HIV detection in women: association with plasma viral load, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, mode of transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:118 (abstract no. 264) Cu-Uvin S, Caliendo A, Chang A, Reinert S, Juliano C, Allega J, D'Aquila R, Flanigan T, Mayer K, Carpenter CC; Brown University, Providence, RI. To evaluate HIV-1RNA load in paired plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens among women enrolled in the HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) study. To assess the relation of genital tract HIV-1 RNA to plasma viral load (PVL), CD4 count, antiviral therapy, mode of transmission. Cross-sectional s |
| 265 | Zidovudine resistance after vertical transmission of HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:118 (abstract no. 265) Colgrove R, Pitt J, Japour A, Welles S; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Reverse Transcriptase sequences were determined for viral isolates from 85 infants born between 1989 and 1994 and followed for up to 4 years in the WITS. They were evaluated for the presence of zidovudine resistance mutations at codons 41, 67, 70, 210, 215, and 219, 26 infants were exposed to zidovudine in utero. 45/85 |
| 266 | Vertical transmission of an HIV-1 variant resistant to multiple reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:118 (abstract no. 266) Johnson VA, Woods C, Hamilton CD, Fiscus SA; University of Alabama, Birmingham. In our ongoing investigation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission in NC, we have identified an HIV-1 infected infant (born 1/31/98) with evidence of multiple reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitor resistance-conferring mutations present in virus from the first specimen obtained from the child whe |
| 267 | Zidovudine-lamivudine for prevention of mother to child HIV-1 transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:118 (abstract no. 267) Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Mandelbrot L, Delfraissy JF, Mayaux MJ; Hopital Necker, Paris, France. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine + zidovudine during pregnancy has not yet been evaluated. In a nationwide controlled non-randomized study lamivudine was given at 150mg BID from 32 weeks until labor, and to the neonate at 2mg/kg BID until 6 weeks. Zidovudine was given according to the 076 regimen. The study was integr |
| 268 | Six month efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of a short course regimen of oral zidovudine (ZDV) in reducing vertical transmission of HIV in breast-fed African children: ANRS 049a. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:118 (abstract no. 268) Dabis F, Welffens-Ekra C, Meda N, Msellati P, You B, Manigart O, Leroy V, Van De Perre P, Mandelbrot L; INSERM U330, Univ Bordeaux, France. Efficacy of ZDV in reducing HIV vertical transmission is known in non breast-fed populations. To assess the acceptability, tolerance and efficacy of a short regimen of oral ZDV in an African population predominantly practicing breast-feeding, a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted in public cl |
| 269 | The CCR5delta32 genotype slows disease progression in HIV infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:118 (abstract no. 269) Barroga CF, Raskino C, Fangon MC, Englund J, Spector SA; University of California, San Diego. In this study, 457 antiretroviral naïve pts (3 mos-18 yrs) who participated in PACTG 152 and for whom PBMC DNA was available for genotyping were examined for HIV-related disease progression based on their CCR5 genotype determined by PCR. The original study (n=831) randomized pts to receive zidovudine (ZDV), |
| 270 | Differential time-to-first decline in HIV-1 plasma RNA in children to undetectable levels (<400 vs <50 copies/mL): virologic implications of the Roche standard (std) and ultrasensitive (ultra) assays. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:119 (abstract no. 270) Hsia K, Yong F, Starr S, Fenton T, Cabral S, Spector SA; University of California, San Diego. Pts (n=57) aged 3-16 yrs who were NNRTI and anti-protease naïve were treated with efavirenz , nelfinavir and a NRTI, and HIV RNA was quantified using the Roche std and ultra assays (when std assay values were |
| 271 | Abacavir/3TC/ZDV and 3TC/ZDV reduce CSF HIV-1 RNA in therapy-experienced children: impact of resistance mutations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:119 (abstract no. 271) Danehower S, Ramilo O, McCoig C, Saez-Llorens X, Castrejon M, Hetherington S, Lanier R, St. Clair M, McClernon D; GlaxoWellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC. 23 therapy-experienced children were randomized to receive 3TC /ZDV or ABC/3TC/ZDV. CSF samples were obtained at baseline(bl),8wks and 16wks post therapy. HIV-1 RNA levels (NASBA) and genotype analysis was attempted on all samples. Bl median CSF HIV-1 RNA for those subjects receiving 3TC/ZDV was 2. |
| 272 | Demographic correlates of HIV incidence among US blood donors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:119 (abstract no. 272) Busch MP, Aberle-Grasse J, Rawal BD, Watanabe K, Schreiber GB, Satten GA, Janssen RS; Blood Centers of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA. Monitoring HIV incidence (Inc) in blood donors is important for estimating risk of transfusion and optimizing donor recruitment strategies to minimize donations by seroconverting (SC) donors. Previous measurements of Inc have been limited to monitoring seroconversion rates among repeat donors. We developed |
| 273 | Natural history of HIV-1 viremia after seroconversion in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:119 (abstract no. 273) Lyles R, Munoz A, Bazmi H, Yamashita T, Detels R, Rinaldo C, Phair J, Margolick J, Mellors J; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. To define more precisely the natural history of HIV-1 viremia after seroconversion and its association with clinical outcomes. HIV-1 RNA in stored, longitudinal plasma samples (N = 2540) from 270 documented seroconverters was measured by RT-PCR (Roche Amplicor). Each participant s date of seroconve |
| 274 | Gender specific differences in quantitative HIV-1 RNA levels. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:120 (abstract no. 274) Anastos K, Gange SJ, Lau B, Melnick S, Detels R, Giorgi J, Kovacs A, Cohen M, Margolick JB, Landesman S, Munoz A, Phair J, Rinaldo C, Young M, Greenblatt R; Catholic Medical Centers, New York, NY. In current clinical practice, HIV-1 RNA levels are interpreted and used to guide pharmacologic therapy without regard to gender. The objective of this study was to determine quantitative differences, if any, between HIV+ men and women after controlling for immunosuppression. HIV-1 RNA measurements i |
| 275 | Viral load and CD4/CD8 cell count in injecting drug users (IDUs) newly infected with HIV-1 subtypes B' and E, Bangkok. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:120 (abstract no. 275) Mastro TD, Vanichseni S, Kitayaporn D, Hu D, Young N, Srisuwanvilai L, Subbarao S, Raktham S, Sutthent R, Mock P, Choopanya K; HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand. To compare the early postseroconversion course of infection with HIV-1 subtypes B (Thai B) and E among IDUs followed up in a cohort study. HIV testing was performed every 4 months. After an HIV-positive test result, blood was obtained at time 0, and at months 1, 4, 8, 12, etc. Incident HIV-1 strain |
| 276 | Seminal HIV-1 viral load is reduced by antiretroviral therapy and is correlated with plasma HIV-1 viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:120 (abstract no. 276) Barroso PF, Gupta P, Schechter M, Melo MF, Souza Y, Harrison LH; University Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To evaluate the correlation of SVL and PVL and the effect of ART in SVL in antiretroviral-naïve subjects in Brazil . HIV-1 RNA was measured in plasma and whole semen by the Nuclisens™ assay before introduction of ART (BL) and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months thereafter. Results: Correlation of SVL and PV |
| 277 | Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in newly infected individuals remains stable over a 3 year period. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:120 (abstract no. 277) Boden D, Hurley A, Zhang L, Cao Y, Guo Y, Duran M, Tsay J, Ip J, Kost R, Farthing C, Markowitz M; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. We determined the prevalence of resistant HIV-1 in newly infected individuals (NIs) identified over a 3 year period by genetic analysis of RT and protease genes from 68 baseline plasma samples collected between 7/95 and 5/98. The subjects, mainly men having sex with men (MSM) (94%) in NY Metro Area (82%) and LA (18%), |
| 278 | Molecular diversity of HIV-1 group m protease gene sequences worldwide: evidence for naturally occurring drug-resistant mutations in drug-naïve individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:120 (abstract no. 278) Pieniazek D, Rayfield M, Ramos A, Janini M, Nkengasong J, Coulibably IM, Wiktor SZ, Sempala SD, Downing R, Mastro T, Hu DJ, Lal R, Dondero T; CDC, Atlanta, GA. HIV-1 protease (PR) sequences from 303 drug-naïve individuals infected with subtypes A (79), B (95), B (19), C (12), D (26), E (25), F (26), G (11), H (3), and unclassifiable viruses (7) representing 17 countries of Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas were compared to determine regions of conservation and variabilit |
| 279 | Predominance of HIV-1 A/G intersubtype recombinants in Cameroon. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:120 (abstract no. 279) Hackett J Jr, Brennan C, Yamaguchi J, Fedosova V, Swanson P, Zekeng L, Kaptue L, Gurtler L, Devare S; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 global variants has resulted in classification of HIV-1 into two major groups, M and O. Group M isolates are further subdivided into distinct subtypes (A-J). More recent analysis of full-length genomes revealed the existence of significant numbers (approximately 10%) of intersubtype recom |
| 280 | Significance of simultaneous use of multiple HIV-1 genomic regions from cell-free and cell-associated virus in establishing epidemiologic linkage between 4 individuals who acquired HIV via surgical procedure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:121 (abstract no. 280) Saksena NK, Song JZ, Dwyer DE, Cunningham A; Retroviral Genetics Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia. Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) was studied in a cohort of four individuals, who acquired HIV-1 via surgical procedure performed on them, on the same day, in November, 1989. HIV-1 proviral sequences were amplified by PCR from both plasma and PBMCs in the gag-pol, env V3 regions and the vpr g |
| 281 | Recent epidemic of primary HHV8 infections among homosexual men: evidence for oral-genital transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:121 (abstract no. 281) Goudsmit J, Renwick N, Dukers NH, Coutinho RA, Heisterkamp S, Schultz T, Cornelissen M, Weverling GJ; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, NL. Recently we were able to show that HHV8 seroconversion during HIV infection was highly predictive of Kaposi s sarcoma. The question remained how HHV8 is transmitted and which factors influence the seroconversion rate. In the Amsterdam cohort 1167 IV drug users and 1459 homosexual men were tested fo |
| 282 | A potential role for matrix metalloproteinases in the development of HIV dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:121 (abstract no. 282) Conant K, Irani D, Sjulson L, Griffin DE, McArthur JC; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Pathological evidence suggests that alterations of the blood brain barrier (BBB) occur in association with HIV dementia . Increased BBB permeability could contribute to the development of this condition by facilitating the entry of activated and/or HIV infected monocytes, as well as potentially toxic serum proteins, in |
| 283 | Mononuclear phagocytes secrete metalloproteinases that affect the neuropathogenesis of AIDS dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:121 (abstract no. 283) Ghorpade A, Che M, Labenz C, Persidsky Y, Gendelman HE; Ctr for Neurovirology & Neurodegenerative Disorders, Univ. of NE Med Ctr, Omaha. HIV-1 infected immune competent brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP) (macrophages and microglia) secrete neurotoxic products that lead to alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in neuronal function in AIDS dementia . To uncover the role played by MP in affecting BBB function we studied matrix metalloproteinases (MMP |
| 284 | Single cell calcium flux measurements in response to chemokines and HIV envelopes in microglia (MG) and MDM. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:122 (abstract no. 284) Albright A, Shieh J, Lee B, Doms R, Gonzalez-Scarano F; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia. MG, the main cellular target for HIV in the CNS, express CCR5, CCR3, and CXCR4. We studied chemokine, chemokine receptor, and virus interactions on cultured human adult MG and MDM since the expression pattern and functionality of these receptors on MG may influence the development of HIVD. Flow cytometric analysis demo |
| 285 | Viral load and neurological functioning. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:122 (abstract no. 285) Robertson K, Fiscus S, Shepard R, Robertson W, Meeker R, Grieb S, Kelly J, Hall C; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. We have hypothesized that HIV neurological disease is related to viral load. In this study of observations prior to the advent of HAART, we assess the relationship of plasma and CSF viral load to neurological functioning in HIV+ subjects. Between 1988 and 1993, 119 HIV+ (110 males and 9 females) subjects were observed |
| 286 | Evidence of highly neurotropic strains of HIV-1 from patients with AIDS dementia complex. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:122 (abstract no. 286) Smit TK, Wang B, Jozwiak R, Lal RB, Ng T, Osborn R, Saksena NK; CVR, WIHR, Sydney, Australia. ADC has emerged as yet another manifestation of HIV-1 disease. Since little is known about the development of neurotropic variants of HIV-1, and their role in the development of ADC, viral strains from different regions of brain from patients with and without ADC, were studied to identify neurotropic variants which may |
| 287 | Apoptosis induced by infection of primary brain cultures with diverse HIV-1 isolates: evidence for a role of the envelope. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:122 (abstract no. 287) Ohagen A, Ghosh S, He J, Chen Y, Shaw G, Gabuzda D; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. Apoptosis of neurons and astrocytes is induced by HIV-1 infection in vitro and has been demonstrated in brain tissue from AIDS patients. To investigate the role of strain variability in HIV-1 cytopathicity in the CNS, we analyzed a panel of HIV-1 isolates for the ability to replicate and induce neuronal and astrocyte a |
| 288 | Linkages between intracellular CXCR4 signaling, neuronal apoptosis, and the neuropathogenic mechanisms for HIV-1-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:122 (abstract no. 288) Zheng J, Thylin MR, Ghorpade A, Xiong H, Cotter R, Niemann D, Che M, Zeng Y, Sherpard RB, Swartz JM, Persidsky Y, Gendelman HE; The Center for Neurovirology & Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. CXCR4 is both a principal receptor for neural development and a co-receptor for HIV-1 infection. CXCR4 is expressed in lymphocytes and neurons and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha),affects neuronal viability. The mechanism(s) by which CXCR4 affects neuronal injury in HIV-1-associated |
| 289 | Chemokine receptor-mediated neuronal apoptosis in HIV-1-associated dementia: signal transduction pathways and role of progeny virion and neural cell diversity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:122 (abstract no. 289) Zheng J, Ghorpade A, Thylin MR, Cotter R, Niemann D, Gelbard H, Epstein L, Swartz J, Shepard R, Liu X, Nukuna A, Persidsky Y, Gendelman HE; The Center for Neurovirology & Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. A variety of chemokine receptors, pivotal for HIV-1 infection in lymphocytes and macrophages which include CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4, are expressed in neural cells (microglia, astrocytes and/or neurons). These viral co-receptors could mediate neural cell damage while simultaneously affecting HIV-1 replication in the CNS. F |
| 290 | Increased monocyte trafficking into brain: a prerequisite for HIV dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:123 (abstract no. 290) Gartner S, Liu Y, Tang X, Hunter E, Sharma U, McArthur JC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Reported correlates of HIV dementia include increased numbers of macrophages and increased levels of macrophage products in brain, and the presence of circular forms of HIV DNA. HIV+ multinucleated giant cells exhibit macrophage markers and are often perivascular in location. These observations suggest that an increase |
| 291 | APJ, an orphan 7tm receptor, is expressed in astrocytes and neurons. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:123 (abstract no. 291) Choe W, Jaffer S, Crino P, Nath A, Hesselgesser J, Horuk R, Sheih J, Lavi E, Kolson DL; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. APJ, an orphan 7TM protein with a G-protein coupled receptor signature, is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). APJ s normal function and natural ligand are unknown, although it may serve as a co-receptor with CD4 for some strains of HIV-1. Previous studies show that APJ RNA predominates in white m |
| 292 | Early events in the neuropathogenesis of SIV infection of neonatal rhesus macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:123 (abstract no. 292) Westmoreland S, Williams K, Debakker C, Knight H, Lackner A; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA. HIV infection of children results in a higher incidence of neurologic disease than is seen in adults. To explore the pathogenesis of neonatal infection of the CNS, we examined 20 rhesus macaque neonates inoculated intravenously with SIV within 24 hours of birth. The viral inocula included the pathogenic molecular clone |
| 293 | Perivascular brain macrophages are a major target of SIV infection of the CNS at peak viremia and in SIVE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:123 (abstract no. 293) Williams K, Westmoreland S, Pauley D, Knight H, Lackner A; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA. The identification of distinct monocyte/macrophage populations that carry virus to the CNS and subsets within the CNS that are the target for infection by HIV/SIV is not defined. In this study we have used immunohistochemistry and combined immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization to define which populations of b |
| 294 | Inhibition of LTP by HIV-1-infected mononuclear phagocyte secretory products: implication for the pathogenesis of HIV-1 associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:123 (abstract no. 294) Xiong H, Zeng Y, Zheng J, Thylin M, Gendelman HE; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. Accumulating evidence indicates that the virus-infected immune competent mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) secret bioactive molecules mediating neuronal damage in HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). To unravel the mechanisms underlying the neuronal dysfunction in HAD, we studied the effects of secretory products from virus-inf |
| 295 | Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA from different biological compartments. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:124 (abstract no. 295) Fiscus SA, Shepard R, Schock J, Robertson K, Shugars D, Dyer J, Cohen MS, Vernazza PL; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce HIV viral load (VL) to varying degrees in blood. However, little is known about the effects of therapy on other compartments and few comparative studies have been done to determine the optimal method for measuring VL in fluids other than blood plasma (BP). We compared two commerc |
| 296 | CSF HIV-1 RNA in asymptomatic patients with chronic HIV-1 infection in very early stage: evidence of a local production of virus. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:124 (abstract no. 296) Niebla G, Garcia F, Vidal C, Plana M, Gil C, Ortega M, Cruceta A, Tortajada C, Bedini JL, Graus F, Costa J, Yague J, Gallart T, Miro JM, Pumarola T, Gatell JM; Gatell JM HIV-1 RNA can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its presence may reflect a local production, leakage from plasma or both. To assess HIV-1 RNA CSF levels and correlate them with viral load plasma levels and central nervous system (CNS) HIV-1 infection markers in asymptomatic patients. All consecutive patients |
| 297 | HIV-1 compartmentalization and discordant virologic failure in CSF and plasma. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:124 (abstract no. 297) Inkina N, Price RW, Barbour J, Bandrapalli N, Novakovic-Agopian T, Staprans S, Grant RM; University of California, San Francisco. 1) To compare phylogenetic relationships between CSF- and plasma-derived HIV-1 in neurologically normal subjects and those with AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and 2) to determine the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) and reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) drug resistant mutations in the blood and CSF. |
| 298 | HIV-1 RNA levels in brain autopsy samples and patterns of AZT-resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:124 (abstract no. 298) Lanier R, McClernon DR, Sturge G, Nancesproson T, St. Clair M, McArthur JC; Glaxo Wellcome, RTP, NC. HIV infection of the central nervous system is believed to occur shortly after peripheral infection, although productive CNS infection usually occurs only with immunosuppression. Levels of HIV RNA (vRNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlate with the severity of HIV- dementia . Viral replication occurs separately in t |
| 299 | Phenotypic evidence for cellular compartmentalization of AZT-resistant HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:124 (abstract no. 299) Roberts B, Pau C, Weinstock H, Respess R, Butera S; CDC, Atlanta, GA. To accurately estimate the prevalence of individuals who harbor drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the presence of minor viral species must be considered. However, detection of resistant strains by genotypic methods is limited to those that comprise 5-10% of the viral swarm. To verify that a minor drug-resistant species of |
| 300 | Compartmentalization of subtype C HIV-1 populations between blood and semen as assessed by V3-HTA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:125 (abstract no. 300) Ping LH, Nelson JA, Hoffman I, Schock J, Chakraborty H, Fiscus S, Eron J JR, Seillier-Moiseiwitsch F, Vernazza P, Kazembe P, Zimba D, Maida M, Swanstrom R, Cohen MS; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. We have examined the potential for HIV-1 to exist as distinct populations within different compartments of the body. Blood and semen samples were collected from 40 Malawian men infected with subtype C HIV-1. These men were seen at an STD clinic for concurrent urethritis. The distribution of genotypes representing the V |
| 301 | Seminal plasma HIV-1 burden during acute and early HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:125 (abstract no. 301) Schacker T, Krieger J, Corey L, Coombs R; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. We determined the natural history of seminal HIV-1 burden during the 1st yr of infection. Men (n=34) were recruited from an ongoing study of primary HIV-l infection at the Univ. of Washington and prospectively provided 72 semen samples (median 2/subject, range 2 to 8). Samples were processed within 2-hrs. of ejaculatio |
| 302 | Mechanism of shedding of HIV-1 in semen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:125 (abstract no. 302) Gupta P, Leroux C, Patterson B, Ding M, Rinaldo C, Buchanan W, Montelaro R; University of Pittsburgh, PA. A prospective longitudinal study was done to determine the mechanism of HIV-1 shedding in semen. Semen and blood from 18 HIV-1 seropositive subjects were collected weekly for 10 weeks and assessed for viral RNA. 28% of subjects shed HIV-1 at all visits and 28% did not shed HIV-1 at any visit. The other 44% shed HIV-1 i |
| 303 | Evidence for cell-free virus in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens as an early indicator of productive infection following vaginal exposure in a pigtail macaque model for human retroviral (HIV-2) infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:125 (abstract no. 303) Otten RA, Pullium J, Adams D, Jackson E, Smith D, Folks T, Butera S; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Cell-free doses of HIV-2 strain GB122 required to cause systemic infection in naïve female pigtail macaques upon mucosal exposure have been established to mimic sexual exposure to a human retrovirus and to evaluate transmission issues. Initial attempts with a single vaginal exposure of up to 3x10(4) TCID, failed to inf |
| 304 | HIV-1 compartmentalization: fusion co-receptor utilization by viral quasispecies from lung versus blood. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:125 (abstract no. 304) Singh A, Besson G, Mobasher A, Collman RG; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. HIV-1 infection is highly compartmentalized, with distinct viral genotypes in lung, brain and other organs compared with blood. To address whether the selective use of fusion co-receptors plays a role in compartmentalization, we generated a panel of functional env clones from lung & blood isolates of 3 infected ind |
| 305 | Detection of HIV-1 in renal epithelial cells in patients with HIV associated nephropathy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:125 (abstract no. 305) Ross M, Bruggeman L, Cara A, Winston J, Teixeira A, Burns G, D'Agati V, Tanji N, Klotman M, Klotman P; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York. HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN) has become the third leading cause of end-stage renal failure in African Americans in the United States . The cause of HIVAN remains unclear but evidence from transgenic models suggests that expression of HIV-1 in renal epithelial cells is critical for the development of the disease. |
| 306 | Reappearance of founder virus sequences in HIV-1 infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:126 (abstract no. 306) Karlsson A, Naghavi M, Lindback S, Gaines H, Sonnerborg A; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. The aims were to study the intra-individual kinetics of viral variability during the first years following primary HIV-1 infection and to evaluate sequence changes in connection with immune activation. Samples were obtained before or shortly after onset of acute symptoms and up to three years later in eight patients. T |
| 307 | A structured model of HIV populations predicts differences in the frequency of antiretroviral-resistant mutations seen between untreated patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:126 (abstract no. 307) Frost SD, Leigh Brown AJ; University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Due to the high mutation and replication rates of HIV, drug resistant mutants exist within an infected host prior to therapy. Understanding the processes that determine the frequency of these mutants is important as their preexistence can facilitate the emergence of high-level resistance during therapy. Several studies |
| 308 | Are multiple compartments necessary? The within-host population dynamics of HIV and CD4+ T-cells in response to HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:126 (abstract no. 308) De Wolf F, Ferguson N, Ghani A, Garnett G, Donnelly C, Danner S, Goudsmit J, Anderson R; Department of Human Retrovirology, University of Amsterdam, NL. Mathematical models used to estimate biological parameters from time series of HIV-RNA measurements in patients often assume that drug treatment completely inhibits HIV replication within a person. This assumption, however, restricts the range of models and parameters that are consistent with data. By relax |
| 309 | HLA-DR on T cells enhances HIV-1 expression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:126 (abstract no. 309) Saifuddin M, Spear GT, Roebuck KA; Rush University, Chicago, IL. CD4+ T cells are the predominant cell type infected by HIV-1 in vivo. Induction of certain proteins during T cell activation is likely to be important for viral expression. Activated T cells express HLA-DR (DR) at high levels. While the activation of CD4+ T cells correlates with DR expression and the ability to replica |
| 310 | The human-derived co-stimulatory molecule CD28 is incorporated into the immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and increases its infectivity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:127 (abstract no. 310) Cantin R, Paquette JS, Fortin JF, Tremblay M; Infectious Disease Research Center, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada. While budding through host cell, HIV acquires its lipidic envelope which is derived from the cell membrane. Several studies have shown that HIV-1 is able to acquire some cellular antigens within its envelope. The molecules present into HIV-1 (ICAM-1, HLA-DR) were shown to influence early steps of the viral life cycle. |
| 311 | HIV infectivity depends upon virion-associated HLA-class I heavy chains. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:127 (abstract no. 311) Blanc D, Cosma A, Braun J, Spire B, Klasen S, Pesenti E, Quillent C, Scarlatti G, Agresti A, Siccardi A, Beretta A; CIRBS, Paris, France. Like other lentiviruses, HIV is enveloped by a lipid bilayer acquired from the host cell which contains both virus-encoded envelope (Env) glycoproteins and host cell-derived molecules, such as HLA class I. Here we report that cell lines lacking HLA class I Heavy Chain (HC) genes are not permissive to replication of pri |
| 312 | Modulation of HIV-1 viral gene expression and replication by RhoA GTPase. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:127 (abstract no. 312) Zhang H, Wang L, Whitehead IP, Hart MJ, Der CJ, Su L; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. RhoA is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. RhoA regulates a variety of cellular processes, which include actin stress fiber formation, transcription factor activation, and cellular proliferation. We report here that RhoA also down-regulates HIV-1 viral expression and replication. From a yeast two-hybrid |
| 313 | Transcriptional regulation of the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 subtype A through. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:127 (abstract no. 313) Naghavi GM, Karlsson A, Schwartz S, Sonnerborg A, Valhne A; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. The aim of the study was to analyse the functional importance of LTR from different subtypes for the replicative capacity of HIV-1. HIV-1 sequences were PCR amplified directly from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from HIV-1 positive individuals. Sequences in the gagp17, envV3 and the LTR regions were de |
| 314 | Evaluation of expression of cellular genes affecting susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in normal donors and infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:127 (abstract no. 314) Der-Balian G, Iakoubov LZ, Young LM, Dunn SJ, Lindquist CA, Holzmayer T; PPD Discovery, Inc., Menlo Park, CA. Identification of cellular genes that determine susceptibility to HIV infection represents an important step for a better understanding of the viral biology and should result in the development of new approaches for therapeutic intervention. We have developed a functional cloning approach that allows for the identifica |
| 315 | HIV-1-infection of T cells increases their responsiveness to NFAT- activating agents. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:127 (abstract no. 315) Fortin JF, Barbeau B, Tremblay MJ; Infectious Diseases Research Center, CHUQ, Pavilion CHUL, Quebec, Canada. HIV-1 infection produces a chronic state of immune hyperactivation in affected individuals. Recently, it was shown that HIV-1 Tat protein is able to induce a greater production of IL-2 following stimulation through CD3 and CD28, by activation of the CD28-responsive element of the IL-2 promoter. Jurkat cells stably tran |
| 316 | HIV induces a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent ATF-2 phosphorylation which correlate with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:128 (abstract no. 316) Sheeter DA, Leoni LM, Genini D, Carson DA, Richman DD, Corbeil J; University of California, San Diego. Replication of HIV-1 in human T lymphocytes requires the activation of host cellular proteins. This study determined that ATF-2 is upregulated in HIV infection despite the blockade of the upstream p38 kinase. CEM-GFP, a reporter lymphoblastoid T-cell line was pre-incubated with the specific p38 kinase inhibitor SB20358 |
| 317 | Prolonged expansion of T cell receptor CDR3-restricted CD4+ T cells in the chronically SIV-infected macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:128 (abstract no. 317) Chen ZW, Zhou D, Kou Z, Lee-Parritz D, Nahmias AJ, McClure HM, Shen Y; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. CD4+ T cells may play an important role in maintaining humoral and CD8+ T cell responses to AIDS viruses. To further elucidate CD4+ T cell responses in an AIDS virus-infected individuals, macaques infected with SIV mac and SIV Fgb were assessed for TCR beta CDR3 profiles in CD4+ cells using both autoradiogram display a |
| 318 | Antiretroviral therapy in late stage HIV disease: evidence for immune reconstitution. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:128 (abstract no. 318) Worrell S, Deayton J, Hayes P, Garson J, Gazzard B, Larsson-Sciard E; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK. It is a common clinical scenario to find patients with advanced HIV associated immune deficiency on first presentation. We examined T cell repertoires and cell surface phenotype (CD45RA/RO, CD28) in 5 ART naïve HIV+ patients, with CD4 |
| 319 | Analysis of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in HIV-infected children treated with antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:128 (abstract no. 319) McFarland EJ, Harding PA, Mawhinney S, Kuritzkes DR, Kotzin BL; University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver. We examined changes in CD8+ TCR repertoire in HIV infected children following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). PBMC were analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of 13 anti-TCR mAb covering approximately 50% of the Vbeta repertoire. Expansions and summary scores (sum of the absolute differences from normal |
| 320 | A rapid decrease of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 may explain the redistribution of CD4+ T-cells in HIV patients early on HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:128 (abstract no. 320) Visser CJ, Cohen Stuart JW, De Jong TC, De Weger RA, Schipper ME, Sprenger H, Borleffs JC, Boucher CA; University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. It has been proposed that during the first weeks on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the rapid increase of T-cells in peripheral blood is caused by redistribution from lymphoid tissues. In order to increase insight in these mechanisms of lymphocyte trafficking we investigated the expression of cellular adh |
| 321 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:128 (abstract no. 321) |
| 322 | Kinetics of lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IL-4 production in HIV-1 infected individuals initiating HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:129 (abstract no. 322) Hardy GA, Imami N, Gazzard B, Gotch FM; Department of Immunology, Chelsea & Westminster Hosp., London, UK. Detailed analysis of lymphoproliferative responses were conducted in conjunction with IL-2 and IL-4 production in individuals initiating HAART. Patients were bled at different timepoints following initiation of HAART (-6, -3, 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks). HAART was any regimen that consisted of at least one |
| 323 | Immunologic reconstitution after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in very early stages of chronic HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:129 (abstract no. 323) Plana M, Garcia F, Gallart T, Tortajada C, Maleno MJ, Barcelo JJ, Miro JM, Gatell JM; Gatell JM The effectiveness of 4 different antiretroviral combinations to reduce viral load, to correct T-cell subsets abnormalities and to restore immune functions in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ T cell counts > 500/mm3 and a baseline plasma viral load > 10,000 copies/ml, was analysed. One hundred and fifty as |
| 324 | Long-term recovery in CD4+ T cell function with highly efficient antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:129 (abstract no. 324) Carvelain G, Tubiana R, Li TS, Calvez V, Jouy N, Jouan M, Valantin MA, Olivier C, Girard PM, Debre P, Katlama C, Autran B; Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Aim of the study: to evaluate long-term immune reconstitution of specific CD4+ T cells responses to HIV and other pathogens in patients after 1 to 3 years of therapy with 2 RTI+PI or 3 RTI. 39 HIV-1 infected patients (35 advanced and 4 PHI) were enrolled in a study of CD4 T cell responses to recall ( |
| 325 | Immune reconstitution of advanced HIV patients (following HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:129 (abstract no. 325) Schrier R, Torriani F, Durand D, Jeffrey D, Drew L, Lalazari J; University of California, San Diego. We assayed T-cell proliferation to HIV antigens and opportunistic agents ( CMV , Mycobacterium Avium ( MAC ), Toxoplasma, HSV and Candida) in 30 HIV infected patients who had developed CMV retinitis (and CD4 counts be |
| 326 | Improved immunologic function correlates with CD4 rise after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:129 (abstract no. 326) Lederman HM, von Reyn CF, Becker S, Williams P, Currier J; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD. ACTG 362/889 are designed to determine if there are in vitro or ex vivo tests of immune function that will predict risk for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected subjects with profound immunodeficiency (CD4 count 100 were randomized to placebo or azithromycin for prophylaxis of primary M. avium complex infection. |
| 327 | Persistence of follicular hyperplasia in previously antiretroviral naïve HIV-infected patients after 6 months on aggressive therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:130 (abstract no. 327) Orenstein J, Feinberg M, Yoder C, Schrager L, Mican J, Metcalf J, Fox C, Masur H, Polis M; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC. The response of lymph nodes (LN) of HIV-infected persons to potent antiretroviral therapy has not been intensively studied. LN biopsies were performed at baseline, 2 and 6 months on 7 antiretroviral naïve, HIV-infected persons after beginning therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, |
| 328 | Immune response to antiretroviral therapy in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:130 (abstract no. 328) Talal A, Kost R, Monard S, Morris L, Hurley A, Smiley L, Markowitz M, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. To measure immune status and lymphocyte repopulation in GALT in HIV infection after antiretroviral therapy, we studied 8 drug-naïve, chronically HIV-infected subjects initiating AZT , 3TC , abacav |
| 329 | Response to immunization with recall and neoantigens after 48 weeks of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:130 (abstract no. 329) Valdez H, Smith K, Lederman M, Landay A, Kessler H, Connick E, Kuritzkes D, Spritzler J, Fox L, Roe J, Lederman H, Lederman MB, Evans T; CWRU, Cleveland, OH. 31 HIV infected patients with CD4 cells 100-300 received 48 weeks of zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir . They were then immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT), hepatitis A vaccine (HA), and KLH at weeks 0 and 10. DTH, antibody (AB), and lymphocyte proliferative (LPA) re |
| 330 | Immune reconstitution, T cell proliferation and discordant responses on HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:130 (abstract no. 330) Kaufmann D, Fleury S, Martinez R, Munoz M, Knabenhans C, Pantaleo G, Telenti A; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Different constellations of CD4 and viremia responses are observed on HAART. The extent of immune reconstitution and proliferation profiles of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in the different situations are not known. Four types of response on HAART were defined : good response on CD4 (increase > 150 cell/mm3) and viremia ( |
| 331 | Viral fitness in patients with discordant CD4 and plasma HIV RNA evolution following protease inhibitor failure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:130 (abstract no. 331) Faye A, Race E, Obry V, Prevot MH, Joly V, Matheron S, Damond F, Dam E, Paulous S, Clavel F; CRIV Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France. To evaluate the role of resistance-associated loss of viral fitness in the frequently observed discordant evolution of CD4 counts and plasma viral RNA in patients failing protease inhibitor (PI) therapy. 14 patients with high CD4 counts in spite of virological failure of antiretroviral therapy inclu |
| 332 | Early contribution of CD4 and CD8 naïve cells in immune reconstitution after HAART in antiretoviral naïve patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:130 (abstract no. 332) Scott D, Aboulker JP, Badell E, Prud'homme M, Flandre P, Raffi F, Pialoux G; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. ANRS 072 (TRILEGE) was a randomized trial comparing 3 strategies of maintenance antiretroviral therapy (ZDV/ 3TC /IDV vs ZDV/3TC vs ZDV/IDV) after 3 month induction (ZDV/3TC/IDV). A subset of 70 patients were followed for phenotypic changes in the peripheral blood populations during 12 months. CD4 and CD8 populations w |
| 333 | Assessment of type-1 and type-2 cytokines in HIV-1 infected individuals: impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:131 (abstract no. 333) Imami N, Hardy GA, Antonopoulos C, Gotch FM; Department of Immunology, ICSTM, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK. Although the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on HIV-1 replication has been established, the mechanisms involved in restoration of immune responses and reconstitution remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess and characterise changes in expression of type-1 and type-2 cytokine-specific m |
| 334 | Differences in CXCR4 and CCR5 expression in early and advanced patients at baseline and changes and their expression after HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:131 (abstract no. 334) Tortajada C, Plana M, Soriana A, Palou E, Garcia F, Miro JM, Gatell JM; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. To study the phenotypic expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 in early stage and advanced patients and their change after treatment with HAART. Early stage group (ES): 12 consecutive HIV +, antiretroviral naïve, asymptomatic patients (CD4 > 500/mm3 , CV > 10000 copies/mL) from the Spanish EARHT-I study. Advanced stage patients |
| 335 | Relationship between patient age and CD4+ lymphocyte repletion following successful virologic responses to highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:131 (abstract no. 335) Goetz MG, Alkasspooles S, Latham W; West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, CA. We evaluated whether the rate of CD4+ lymphocyte (CD4+) repletion was slower in HIV-infected patients > 50 than in younger HIV-infected patients who were started on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and who had at least six months of follow-up data. CD4+ repletion was evaluated by examining absol |
| 336 | Partial immune recovery of phagocytic function with HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:131 (abstract no. 336) Mastroianni CM, Lichtner M, Mengoni F, D'Agostino C, D'Ettore G, Forcina G, Corpolongo A, Vullo V; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. Neutrophils and monocytes exhibit functional defects in AIDS patients. We examined longitudinal changes in neutrophil and monocyte function in 18 patients with advanced HIV infection (median CD4 count, 97/mmc) receiving HAART. Chemotaxis and fungicidal activity, as well as circulating levels of adhesion molecules and C |
| 337 | Impact of influenza vaccination (IFV) on HIV plasma RNA and patterns of immune response (ir) in patients (pts) on HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:131 (abstract no. 337) Gunthard H, Wong J, Spina C, Ignacio C, Kwok S, Christopherson C, Wang J, Haubrich R, Havlir D, Richman D; University of California, San Diego. To determine the effect of IFV on HIV replication in pts on HAART with undetectable and low plasma HIV RNA, and to compare IR in HIV+ pts with healthy controls (ctrl). 21 pts (20 on HAART) with a mean CD4 count of 404 cells/mm3 receiving IFV were prospectively studied. HIV plasma RNA, HIV DNA, and |
| 338 | The tap and drain model holds true in HIV-1 infected lymph nodes. The Impact of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:131 (abstract no. 338) Van Lunzen J, Lauer J, Frahm N, Degen O, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Stellbrink HJ; University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. It is discussed controversially whether CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cell turnover is increased in HIV infection and if increases in CD4 counts during HAART are due to de novo synthesis. To study T cell turnover during HAART in lymph nodes (LN) of HIV+ patients. Axillary LN biopsies were performed |
| 339 | Changes in frequency of HIV-1 specific CTL precursors and circulating effectors after combination antiretroviral therapy in children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:132 (abstract no. 339) Spiegel HM, Defalcon E, Ogg GS, Larsson M, Beadle T, Tao P, O'Callaghan CA, McMichael AJ, Bhardwaj N, Krasinski K, Pollack H, Borkowsky W, Nixon DF; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. The virological response to combination antiretroviral drug therapy in infants often differs from the response seen in adults. There is less durable suppression of viral replication, and this may be due to a number of factors including compliance, and drug availability. In adults, the frequency of HIV-1 specific CTL de |
| 340 | Alterations in T cell phenotype and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in patients receiving three anti-retroviral agents (ACTG protocol 343). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:132 (abstract no. 340) Seth A, Markee J, Ap S, Sevin A, Hoering A, Hirsch M, Collier A, Letvin N, McElrath MJ; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA. HIV-specific CTL contain viremia but ultimately fail to control infection. Substantial reduction in viremia by antiretroviral therapy may permit a sustained and more efficient immune response in infected patients. To explore this issue, we prospectively investigated the evolution of T cell responses in 41 persons with |
| 341 | HIV-specific CTL dynamics in response to HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:132 (abstract no. 341) Butini L, Regnery CM, Menzo S, Montroni M; University of Ancona, Italy. The knowledge of detailed dynamics of all lymphocyte subpopulations following HAART is thought to be critical in order to understand the potentialities of immune reconstitution. Aim of this project is to analyze the modifications induced by HAART on HIV-specific CTL response. We focused our attention on previously untr |
| 342 | Down regulation of CD8+ T cell expansions in HIV patients receiving highly active combination therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:132 (abstract no. 342) Gorochov G, Neumann AU, Parizot C, Li TS, Katlama C, Debre P; Laboratory d'Immunologie Cellulaire, CERVI, UMR CNRS 7627, Hop. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Perturbations of the CD8 T cell repertoire are still detected after 6 months of HIV antiviral treatment, questioning the possibility of a full, long term, immune recovery. Five HIV patients were followed up to 20 months under a triple association therapy. Longitudinal variations of T cell receptor beta (TCR BV) reperto |
| 343 | HIV-1 specific CD4+ T cell response is not restored after 28 months of HAART with viral load (v.L) < 50 copies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:132 (abstract no. 343) Goujard C, Taoufik Y, Wallon C, Lecointe D, Delfraissy JF; Laboratoire Virus-Neurone-Immunite, Hopital Bicetre, France. HIV-1 specific proliferative responses to p24 are lacking in patients with chronic infection. To study the long term efficacy of HAART on restoration of CD4 T cell reactivity to HIV-1 antigen in parallel to recall antigens. 3 groups of patients were studied: (A) Long term non progressors |
| 344 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:132 (abstract no. 344) |
| 345 | Prolonged suppression of plasma viremia results in progressive improvement in immune function despite possible immunosuppressive effects of protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:133 (abstract no. 345) Angel JB, Parato K, Kumar A, Kravcik S, Ashby D, Fex C, Sun E, Cameron DW; University of Ottawa, Canada. Treatment of chronic HIV infection with effective antiretroviral therapy results in a degree of immune restoration, however most studies have only evaluated this over short periods of follow up. In addition, a direct effect of protease inhibitors on immune function has been proposed. We have evalua |
| 346 | Immunological and virological evaluations of the effects of HAART compared to HAART plus an inactivated HIV immunogen after 32 weeks. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:133 (abstract no. 346) Valentine F, Degruttola V; NYU Medical Center, New York. Strong lymphocyte proliferation responses (LPRs) to HIV antigens are lacking in a majority of patients, but are present in rare individuals who have low levels of plasma HIV and are clinically well without therapy. 43 HIV infected subjects were treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAA |
| 347 | Administration of a facilitated DNA plasmid vaccine containing HIV-1 env/rev and gag/pol genes to HIV-infected patients also receiving highly active therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:133 (abstract no. 347) MacGregor RR, Boyer J, Ginsberg R, Lacy K, Higgins T, Baine Y, Ciccarelli R, Weiner D; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Our first human therapeutic trial with a DNA plasmid construct containing HIV-1 genes env and rev showed safety and evidence of both cellular and humoral immune responses, but no consistent impact on HIV surrogate markers. Our second trial is a randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled dose-ranging study giving 2 cons |
| 348 | Indinavir, a HIV-1 protease inhibitor: inhibition of lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:133 (abstract no. 348) Chavan S, Ding Y, Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital-NYU School of Medicine, Manhasset. Indinavir (IDV) is a potent and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI) widely used in antiretroviral therapy for viral suppression. The immunomodulatory effects of PI s are however largely unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of IDV on lymphocyte activation. Lymphocyte proliferat |
| 349 | Prevention of HIV associated T cell apoptosis by inhibitors of HIV protease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:133 (abstract no. 349) Phenlx BN, Mandy F, Chambers KA, Kravcik S, Angel JB, Gallicano K, Hawley-Foss N, Cassol S, Cameron DW, Badley A; University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The immune restoration that occurs during protease inhibitor (PI) based therapy may be due in part to effects that are independent of suppressed HIV replication. Since HIV associated CD4 T cell depletion occurs by apoptosis, we analysed the direct effect of PI s on T cell apoptosis. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) f |
| 350 | Development of in vitro resistance to macrophage tropic and T cell line adapted strains of HIV-1 among HAART treated HIV positive asymptomatic volunteers. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:133 (abstract no. 350) Castillo R, Iyengar S, Arango-Jaramillo S, John R, Schwartz D; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD. We have described a PBMC culture system in which control of endogenous virus growth and resistance to challenge with exogenous HIV-1 correlates with low plasma viremia among HIV-1+ asymptomatic individuals (JID 1997, 176:1168). Their phenotypes of resistance or susceptibility remained generally consistent for > 4 years |
| 351 | Immune control of HIV after suspension of therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:134 (abstract no. 351) Lisziewicz J, Rosenberg E, Lieberman J, Jessen H, Lopalco L, Siliciano R, Walker B, Lori F; RIGHT at Policlinico S. Matteo, PV, Italy. Eradication of HIV appears a difficult goal, since a reservoir of replication-competent HIV is established soon after infection and persists after years of highly active antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, immune control of HIV might be a more realistic alternative. One patient from Berlin was treated before complete |
| 352 | Significantly broadened neutralization of primary HIV isolates and partial reconstitution of cellular immune responses after HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:134 (abstract no. 352) Kim J, Mascola J, Gilliam B, Rattokim S, Van Cott T, Michael N, Jagodinski L, Loomisprice L, Cox J, Mayers D, Hawkes C, Birx D, Robb M; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD. Because the immune response to HIV depends on chronic viral gene expression, we examined HIV specific immune responses in 11 persons whose viral load (VL) after HAART was |
| 353 | Antibody titers prior to HAART predict treatment outcome. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:134 (abstract no. 353) Morris MK, Hanson C, Hendry M, Israelski D, Zolopa A, Tenney R, Guevara H, Tam G, Katzenstein D; California Department of Health Services, Berkeley. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has resulted in dramatic decreases in viral load in some, but not all people infected with HIV-1. We studied 13 patients -- 7 HAART successes and 6 HAART failures. Treatment successes were selected based on a > 100 fold decrease in viral load (VL) over the one year study pe |
| 354 | Evaluation of subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus antiretroviral therapy vs. ARV alone in patients with HIV-1 infection and CD4+ cell count > 350/mm3. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:134 (abstract no. 354) Losso M, Belloso W, Benetucci J, Cahn P, Lasala M, Lopardo G, Salomon H, Saracco M, Emery S, Allende M, Law M, Davey R, Lane HC; Hospital J.M. Ramos, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The objectives of this study were to determine the safety of scIL2 administration and to compare the effects of therapy with scIL2 plus ARV versus ARV alone on CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV-RNA levels. A phase II, randomized, dose finding, open label study was conducted in patients with a CD4+ cell count > 350/mm3 and |
| 355 | Efficacy of a four arms controlled trial of antivirals and interleukin-2 in drug-experienced HIV-1+ individuals with CD4 counts 200-500 cells/mm3. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:134 (abstract no. 355) Tambussi G, Magenta L, Nozza S, Gianotti N, Vicenzi E, Ghezzi S, Poli G, Lazzarin A; San Raffaele Science Institute, Milano, Italy. Dose-related side effects often deeply affect the quality of life of the individuals during IL-2 administration. 1. to evaluate the immunological activity of high dose (HD) vs. low dose (LD) IL-2 in patients treated with 2 RTIs + saquinavir |
| 356 | Antiviral and immunological effects of interleukin-2 during quadruple-drug combination therapy in early HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:135 (abstract no. 356) Stellbrink HJ, Van Lunzen J, Westby M, O'Sullivan E, Cammack N, Adam A, Weitner L, Tusche S, Kuhlmann B, Hoffmann C, Horst H, Fenske S, Schmidt-Hartnack G, Aries SP, Dalhoff K, Schneider C, Huffert FT, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P; Hamburg, UK. To study the effects of IL-2 + HAART on HIV replication and latent infection Open controlled randomized trial, interim analysis: 4 female+51 male HIV+ pts. (CD4+ cells > 350/mm3) received HAART ( d4T + 3 |
| 357 | A randomized controlled multicenter phase II trial of subcutaneous interleukin-2 (scIL-2) therapy in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts 200-500 cells/microliter. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:135 (abstract no. 357) Davey R, Murphy R, Graziano F, Boswell S, Pavia A, Cancio M, Nadler J, Sahner D, Duliege AM, Capra W, Lane C, Kahn J; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA. Therapy with intermittent scIL-2 + antiretrovirals (ARV) is both safe and capable of inducing marked elevations in CD4 counts; however, with the advent of HAART, data are limited on the comparative efficacy of treatment with scIL-2 + ARV versus ARV alone. A randomized, controlled trial at 8 centers |
| 358 | HIV-1 induced in the setting of IL-2 therapy is transient and not derived from PBMC proviral reservoirs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:135 (abstract no. 358) Imamichi H, Zhang YM, Kovacs J, Dewar R, Metcalf J, Vogel S, Salzman N, Lane HC; SAIC, Frederick, MD. Intermittent 5-day administration of rIL-2 leads to sustained increases in CD4 T cell counts in patients with HIV infection. It can also lead to a transient increase in plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA. Despite this transient increase in levels of HIV-1, the long-term consequences of IL-2 therapy are a decrease in plasma HIV |
| 359 | Immunological parameters modified in HIV disease by the drug WF10 (a phase II pathogenesis study). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:135 (abstract no. 359) Kahn J, Lull R, Ah Ching O, Broz M, Kuhne F, Herndier B; UCSF, CA. A Phase II clinical study was designed to test the safety and mechanism of WF10 in 18 patients with HIV disease. WF10 is an intravenous formulation of TCDO (tetrochlorodecaoxygen). Patients received two cycles of WF10 (0.5 ml/kg IV/day x 5 days with 16 days between cycles) over a 47-day testing period. Immunological pa |
| 360 | Adoptive T-cell transfer combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1 discordant twins. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:135 (abstract no. 360) Hoffmann C, Degen O, Loliger C, Rauhoft C, Stellbrink HJ, Van Lunzen J; University of Kiel, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. T-cell depletion and functional T-cell deficits in HIV infection may be restored by adoptive transfer of syngeneic T-cells (ATT). To study the safety and immunological efficacy of ATT combined with HAART in HIV-discordant syngeneic twins. HLA-matched T-cells of 4 HIV- twins obtained ever |
| 361 | A phase I gene therapy study showing safety. Feasibility and sustained survival of anti-HIV-1 transduced CD4+ T lymphocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:135 (abstract no. 361) Carr A, Cooper D, Sun LQ, Gerlach W, MacPherson J, Ely J, Symonds G; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Ribozymes have the ability to cleave RNA molecules in a sequence-specific manner. Hammerhead ribozymes targeted to the HIV-1 tat gene have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication (both laboratory and primary clinical HIV-1 strains) in tissue culture systems. Ribozyme sequences were constitutively expressed in both T ce |
| 362 | Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of indinavir (IDV) ritonavir (RTV) combinations in healthy volunteers. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:136 (abstract no. 362) Saah AJ, Winchell G, Seniuk M, Deutsch P; Merck Research Lab, West Point, PA. To evaluate the multiple-dose PK profile of several combinations of IDV/RTV administered with light and high-fat meals. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, parallel panels of healthy subjects received IDV/RTV doses (in mg) of 800/100 (n=10), 800/200 (n=8), 800/400 (n=9), 400/400 (n=10), 0/1 |
| 363 | Pharmacokinetics of an indinavir/ritonavir 800/100mg bid regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:136 (abstract no. 363) Burger DM, Hugen PW, Prins JM, Van de Ende ME, Reiss P, Lange JM; University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Background:The Merck 069 study has demonstrated that 1200mg BID of indinavir (IDV) has inferior antiviral activity as compared to 800mg TID. Combining IDV with low-dose ritonavir (RTV) may be a better alternative as a result of an improved pharmacokinetic profile of |
| 364 | Co-administration of indinavir (IDV) 1200 mg with nelfinavir (NFV) 1250 mg in a twice daily regimen: preliminary safety, PK activity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:136 (abstract no. 364) Squires K, Riddler S, Havlir D, Kerr B, Yeh K, Lewis R, Hawe L, Zhong L, Deutsch P, Saah A; University of Alabama, Birmingham. Study safety, PK, anti-viral effect of IDV & NFV twice daily. 21 patients (pts) (HIV-1-infected, protease inhibitor naïve with viral load (vRNA) ≥ 30,000 copies/mL and CD4 count ≥ 100 cells/mm3) were enrolled to receive increasing doses of IDV and NFV to optimize the dose of both agent |
| 365 | Pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation of saquinavir soft gel capsules (SQV)/ritonavir (RTV) or sqv/nelfinavir (NFV) in combination with delavirdine (DLV) and/or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) - - ACTG 359. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:136 (abstract no. 365) Acosta EP, Gulick R, Katzenstein D, Haubrich R, Fischl M, Raasch R, Mills C, Pettinelli C, Remmel RP, Fletcher CV; University of Minnesota. ACTG 359 is a 6 arm, randomized, partially blinded study evaluating the PK of SQV/RTV or SQV/NFV with DLV or ADV, or both, in patients experiencing viral rebound while on indinavir therapy. This is the first evaluation of 3 cytochrome P450 substrates/ inhibitors/inducers administered concomitantly to HIV-in |
| 366 | Efavirenz (EFV) and nelfinavir (NFV) pharmacokinetics (PK) in HIV-infected children participating in an area under the curve (AUC) controlled trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:136 (abstract no. 366) Fletcher CV, Brundage RC, Fenton T, Fiske WD, Kornhauser D, McNamara J, Mofenson L, Starr SE; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Rationale. Drug development in children is typically approached with dose escalation studies to obtain age specific PK, then studies for safety and effect. An AUC-controlled trial of EFV and NFV was designed to minimize the potential of subtherapeutic dosing in children and efficiently determine the pediatric dose of E |
| 367 | Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in subjects with chronic liver disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 367) Fiske W, Benedek I, Brennan J, Davidson A, Gillette S, Joseph J, Kornhauser D; DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Newark, DE. Objective. Efavirenz (SUSTIVA™, DMP 266) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). This agent in combination with protease inhibitors and/or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) exhibits clinical activity in reducing plasma levels of HIV |
| 368 | Concentration-controlled (CC) antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and indinavir (IDV): pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 368) Kakuda TN, Page LM, Henry K, Schacker T, Acosta EP, Anderson PL, Brundage RC, Fletcher CV; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Heterogeneity in the response to antiretroviral therapy has been attributed to pharmacologic, virologic, and immunologic differences between patients. Target concentration dosing strategies may minimize pharmacologic variability. Methods. Antiretroviral-naïve patients with HIV-RNA ≥ 5,000 copies/ml are |
| 369 | Therapeutic drug monitoring of nelfinavir in HIV patients with liver disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 369) Khaliq Y, Gallicano K, Seguin I, Fyke K, Carignan G, Badley A, Cameron DW; Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada. To assess nelfinavir(NFV) pharmacokinetics(PK) for dosing HIV patients(pts) with liver disease(LD). 5 pts(A-E) with LD(AST,ALT 3xULN, hepatitis B or C), receiving or initiating NFV therapy, participated. By the Child-Pugh classification,2 had severe(A,B),1 moderate(C) and 2 mild(D,E) LD. |
| 370 | Abstract not available. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 370) |
| 371 | Interaction of methadone with didanosine (ddI) and stavudine (d4T). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 371) Rainey PM, McCance EF, Mitchell SM, Jatlow P, Andrews L, Friedland G; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. We previously showed that methadone treatment increases exposure to zidovudine. To determine whether methadone also affects other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, we compared the oral pharmacokinetics of 200 mg didanosine (ddI) or 40 mg |
| 372 | Nevirapine induced methadone withdrawal: implications for antiretroviral treatment of opiate dependent HIV infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 372) Altice FL, Cooney E, Friedland GH; Yale University AIDS Program, New Haven, CT. To describe NVP-induced methadone withdrawal in HIV-infected patients. Retrospective chart review from an urban HIV clinic. Methadone levels were determined by gas chromatography. Results: Seven cases of methadone-maintained patients (mean dose = 76mg/D, range = 30-115 mg/D) developed symptoms of op |
| 373 | Ritonavir (RTV), decreases meperidine exposure in HIV-negative subjects. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:137 (abstract no. 373) Piscitelli S, Rock-Kress D, Bertz R, Pau A, Davey R; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Meperidine is a narcotic analgesic commonly used in HIV-infected patients for symptomatic relief of chills, rigors, and pain. Its use is contraindicated with the HIV protease inhibitor RTV, an inhibitor of CYP3A4 metabolism, because of the theoretical potential for increased meperidine concentrations. Eight HIV-negativ |
| 374 | Effect of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor, nevirapine, on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin in HIV-positive patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:138 (abstract no. 374) Robinson P, Gigliotti M, Lamson M, Azzam S, MacGregor T; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT. A study was conducted with 15 HIV+ patients to estimate the metabolic enzyme induction effect of nevirapine (NVP; Viramune (R) 200 mg BID on clarithromycin (CLARI) and its active metabolite, 14-hydroxy clarithromycin (14OH-CLARI), following co-administration of Biaxi |
| 375 | Effect of demographic, laboratory, and clinical covariates on the pharmacokinetics of amprenavir. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:138 (abstract no. 375) Sadler B, Gillotin C, Lou Y, Stein D; Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. This analysis was conducted to explain differences in APV PK by examining the correlation of the apparent oral clearance of APV (CL/F) with various demographic, laboratory, and clinical covariates. Data from three, single-dose, clinical pharmacology studies with amprenavir were used (119 obs, 83 subj |
| 376 | Randomized open-label study to explore the efficacy and tolerability of immediate versus deferred switching from ddI/d4T to AZT/3TC in a Thai HIV infected population pretreated with ddI/d4T. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:138 (abstract no. 376) Ruxrungtham K, Kroon E, Ungsedhapand C, Ubolyam S, Van Leeuwen R, Sirivichayakul S, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand. Study HIV-NAT 002 evaluated safety and efficacy of several doses of ddI/ d4T in 78 therapy naïve Thai HIV+ participants (subtype E > 80%), with baseline CD4+ counts 150-350/mm3. At 48 wks. of 71 participants still on study, 68 were responding to ddI/d4T: 45 undetectable HIV-1 RNA, 23 HIV-RNA |
| 377 | Treatment intensification with Ziagen in HIV infected patients with previous 3TC/ZDV antiretroviral treatment-CNAB3009. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:138 (abstract no. 377) Rozenbaum W, Delphin N, Katlama C, Massip P, Bentata M, Mamet JP, Sturge G; Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France. 75 therapy naïve pts were anrolled in an open label, multicentre, dual arm, randomized study (NUCB3027)comparing 3TC (150mg BID) and ZDV (300mg BID) with Combivir . After 3 months, viral load (VL) decrease was -1.36log10/mL and CD4+ increase was 90c/mm3. |
| 378 | Intensification of stable background antiretroviral therapy with Ziagen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:139 (abstract no. 378) Vernazza P, Katlama C, Clotet B, Plettenberg A, Goh L, Cutrell A, Purdon S; Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland. To assess intensification of stable background ART with abacavir over 48 weeks in subjects with detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA (vRNA). Long term safety and tolerance will also be evaluated. 185 ART experienced adults; on stable background therapy (SBG) for > 12 weeks expecting continued benefit for > |
| 379 | The preveon(r) expanded access program: safety of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in antiretroviral treatment experienced patients with advanced HIV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:139 (abstract no. 379) Nuessle SJ, Barriere SL, Rooney JF, Foss DL, McCarty T, McBride M, Brosgart CL; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA. 1) to make ADV available to HIV infected patients who have failed combination therapy with at least 2 RTIs and 1 PI and are unable to construct a viable treatment regimen, and 2) to obtain additional information on the safety of ADV. Regimen: ADV 120 mg + L-carnitine 500 mg daily; dose reduction to 60 mg da |
| 380 | Phase I adult and pediatric studies of lodenosine (F-ddA) as monotherapy and combined with stavudine and nelfinavir. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:139 (abstract no. 380) Little RF, Serchuck L, Lietzau J, Edgerly M, Pluda JM, Kelley JA, Ford H, Kavlick M, Mitsuya H, Yarchoan R; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Lodenosine (2 -beta-fluoro-2 ,3 -dideoxyadenosine, F-ddA), a purine reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI), shows little in vitro cross-resistance with other RTIs and is active in multi-resistant HIV-1 strains with Q151M. The long intracellular T(1/2) of the active triphosphate moiety suggests daily dosing is reasonable |
| 381 | Substitution of NNRTI for protease inhibitor in patients on combination therapy with undetectable plasma viral loads. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:139 (abstract no. 381) Raffi F, Bonnet B, Ferre V, Leautez S, Reliquet V, Allavena C, Auger S, Billaud E; University Hospital, Nantes, France. Although protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens tend to have a high virological success rate, they are frequently associated with side effects, poor adherence and long term toxicities. Step down strategies have failed to maintain plasma viral load (pVL) below the level of detection. We investigated whether substit |
| 382 | Durability of response of efavirenz (sustiva(tm), EFV)-containing regimens: report of the post-control period results of studies with EFV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:139 (abstract no. 382) Manion DJ, Faulkner E, Saxton TD, Labriola DF, Ruiz NM; DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE. Efavirenz (EFV) is a once daily NNRTI that has demonstrated equal to superior efficacy and superior tolerability to a protease inhibitor containing standard of care regimen when used with ZDV and 3TC (Study 006, 36 weeks). |
| 383 | Efficacy of efavirenz (Sustiva™) containing regimens in patients with baseline plasma HIV-RNA viral loads exceeding 100,000 copies/ml. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:139 (abstract no. 383) Manion DJ, Labriola DF, Ruiz NM; DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Wilmington, DE. Efavirenz (EFV) is a once-daily NNRTI. The antiretroviral activity of the NNRTI class in patients with high baseline plasma HIV-RNA levels has been questioned. Clinical data of EFV was reanalyzed to investigate whether the efficacy demonstrated for the entire cohorts were similar to those of patients with baseline vi |
| 384 | Sustained viral suppression with delavirdine and indinavir combination therapies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:140 (abstract no. 384) Eron J, Walmsley S, Wathen L, Paxton L, Huang D, Freimuth W, Conklin M; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. One hundred-sixty HIV-1 infected patients enrolled in an ongoing open-label study of delavirdine (DLV) in combination with indinavir (IDV), zidovudine (ZDV), and lamivudine ( 3TC ). |
| 385 | Intention-to-treat analysis of a placebo-controlled study shows a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections in the delavirdine-containing arm. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:140 (abstract no. 385) Hawkins DA, Joly V, Moyle G, De Cian W, Greenwald C, Freimuth W; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK. Placebo-controlled study 13B (ZDV vs. DLV+ZDV) was conducted at 67 sites in Europe& Australia . Complete statistical analysis has been performed only recently. Although the study design is obsolete, the data provide direct evidence that the addition of a NNRTI to nucleoside therapy impacts clinical endpoints. 85% |
| 386 | Amprenavir (141w94, APV USAN approved): review of overall safety profile. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:140 (abstract no. 386) Pedneault L, Fetter A, Hanson C, Wilson J, Nacci L, Millard J; Glaxo Wellcome, HIV/OI Clinical Development, UK. Amprenavir (APV) is a novel HIV protease inhibitor currently in phase III trials. A well defined safety profile is essential for optimal use of APV. Data from over 1330 subjects in 30 Phase I-III studies in a wide range of adult and pediatric subjects were reviewed to define the safety profile of APV alone o |
| 387 | Liquid ritonavir in clinical practice: efficacy and tolerability. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:140 (abstract no. 387) Johnson D, Currier J, Larsen R; University of Southern California, Los Angeles. The use of ritonavir (RTV) in combination with other antivirals has been shown to be effective in the treatment of HIV infection. Recently, the capsules have been replaced with RTV liquid. We reviewed the records for CD4 & vRNA of all patients (82) who were switched from RTV capsules to the liq |
| 388 | Treatment with indinavir (IDV), zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC): three-year follow-up. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:140 (abstract no. 388) Gulick R, Mellors J, Havlir D, Eron J, Valentine F, McMahon D, Gonzalez C, Jonas L, Meibohm A, Chodakewitz J, Isaacs R, Richman D; Cornell University, NY. Determine safety + duration of antiviral activity of IDV + ZDV + 3TC . Ongoing follow-up of 33 patients (pts) originally randomized to IDV 800 mg q8h + ZDV 200 mg q8h + 3TC 150 mg q12h in Merck 035, a study of HIV-infected adults with >/= 20,000 HIV RNA copies/ml (PCR), 50-400 CD4 cells/mm3, and >/= |
| 389 | Quadruple therapy with saquinavir-soft gelatin capsules (SQV-SGC) plus nelfinavir (NFV) versus triple therapy with either SQV-SGC or NFV in patients with antiretroviral experience or high baseline viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:140 (abstract no. 389) Johnson M; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. To determine whether HIV-infected patients with high baseline viral load or previous antiretroviral experience benefit from quadruple therapy with 2 protease inhibitors (PIs), SQV-SGC and NFV, compared with triple therapy with a single PI. 157 PI-naïve adults with HIV RNA >/= 10 000 copies/ml were r |
| 390 | Fortovase BID regimens in HIV-1 infected patients: combination with 2 nucleoside analogs or with nelfinavir plus 1 NA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:141 (abstract no. 390) Slater L, Sension M, Feinberg J, Poblete R, Siemon-Hryczyk P, Pilson R, Palleja S; Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. This study compares the antiviral activity and safety of FTV BID + 2 NAs or FTV BID + NFV BID + 1 NA with standard FTV TID + 2 NAs in HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS: 825 antiretroviral naïve or NA experienced patients with HIV RNA >/= 5000 c/mL will be randomized to receive FTV 1200 mg TID (Arm A), or FTV 1600 m |
| 391 | A randomized open-label study to explore the antiretroviral efficacy and tolerability of d4T/ddI/SQV-SG versus combivir/SQV-SG in a Thai HIV infected population pretreated with AZT/ddC. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:141 (abstract no. 391) Kroon E, Ungsedhapand C, Ruxrungtham K, Ubolyam S, van Leeuwen R, Buranapraditkul S, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand. Study HIV-NAT 001 evaluated the safety and efficacy of AZT / ddC in half the standard dose versus the standard dose for 48 weeks in 111 Thai HIV+ participants, primarily infected with subtype E. After 48 weeks 99 participants remained on study and HIV |
| 392 | 60-week virologic responses to a ritonavir/saquinavir containing regimen in patients who had previously failed nelfinavir. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:141 (abstract no. 392) Tebas P, Patick AK, Kane E, Klebert M, Simpson J, Atkinson B, Isaacson J, Powderly WG, Henry K; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. We previously showed that patients who fail nelfinavir may respond initially to a ritonavir / saquinavir based regimen. However the durability of this response is unknown. We assessed the 48 weeks virologic response to a ritonavir/saquinavir containing reg |
| 393 | A phase II study of ritonavir-nelfinavir combination therapy: 48-week data. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:141 (abstract no. 393) Gallant JE, Raines C, Sun E, Lewis R, Apuzzo L, Deetz C, Fields C, Flexner C; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. To evaluate safety, tolerability, and anti-HIV activity of ritonavir- nelfinavir (RTV/NFV). Design: Single-site, open-label, multiple-dose trial of RTV/NFV in protease-inhibitor (PI) naïve, HIV-infected patients. Median baseline viral load (VL) was 32,459 (range 4,118 - > 750,000); median baseline |
| 394 | A meta-analysis of the effects of HIV-1 RNA methodology on estimates of HIV-1 RNA undetectability in trials of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:141 (abstract no. 394) Hill AM; Glaxo Wellcome, Greenford, Middlesex, UK. Antiretroviral treatments causing the highest percentage of patients to achieve HIV-1 RNA reductions below the limits of detection are judged to be the most effective. However there is no standard method for presenting HIV-1 RNA data from clinical trials. For 11 reported trials of HAART in antire |
| 395 | Comparison of three statistical measures of HIV RNA suppression in a clinical strategy trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:141 (abstract no. 395) Hwang J, Haubrich R, Currier J, Forthal D, Beall G, Kemper C, McCutchan J; University of California, San Diego. To compare three statistical methods of analyzing HIV RNA data from a trial of frequent (every 2 month) versus twice yearly HIV RNA monitoring of unrestricted antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. CCTG 570 demonstrated superior viral load suppression in the frequent group as measured by the area about the |
| 396 | The effect of HAART on syncytium-inducing variants of HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:142 (abstract no. 396) Essajee S, Sitnitskaya Y, Tao P, Chandwani S, Rigaud M, Kaul A, Krasinski K, Borkowsky W; New York University Medical Center, NY. Syncytium-inducing (SI) variants of HIV-1 are associated with profound T-cell depletion and advanced HIV disease. These viruses have rarely been reported to respond to nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and in the past, many individuals with AIDS were recalcitrant to therapy. Combination regimens conta |
| 397 | Dynamics of HIV-1 proviral DNA decay in periphery of HIV-1 infected individuals responsive to HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:142 (abstract no. 397) O'Sullivan E, Stellbrink HJ, van Lunzen J, Christopherson C, Kwok S, Sninsky J, Cammack N, Westby M; Roche Discovery Welwyn, Herts, UK. We analysed 42 patients for HIV-1 proviral DNA analysis in two studies: COSMIC study patients were treated with SQV hard gel capsule (HGC), nelfinavir and 2 NRTI (mean HIV-1 RNA VL log10=4.8; mean CD4+ count 482/microliter, range 281-856); NV15355 patients were treated with saquinavir sof |
| 398 | Treatment with d4T+ddI+nelfinavir+hydroxyurea for early or recent primary HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:142 (abstract no. 398) Kahn J, Cone R, Hecht F, Sax H, Chesney M, Herndier B, Reynolds L, Ledeine JM, Dunkle L, Flepp M; University of California, San Francisco. To assess the anti-HIV activty and safety of ddI/ d4T /nelfinavir/hydroxyurea regimen for subjects with early HIV infection or recent HIV seroconverters. Twenty subjects with early HIV infection (asymptomatic > 500 CD4 cells/mm) and sixteen subjects with recent (within 120 days) primary HIV infecti |
| 399 | A pilot randomized comparative study of stavudine (d4T) - didanosine (ddI)+ nevirapine (NVP) with or without hydroxyurea (HU) in primary HIV infection (PHI). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:142 (abstract no. 399) Zala C, Salomon H, Gun A, Rouleau D, Pampurro S, Perez H, Cahn P, Montaner JS; Fundacion Huesped, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. To assess tolerability and short term virological and immunological effects of d4T +ddI+NVP with or without HU in patients (pts) with PHI. Study Design: Pilot, randomized, comparative, 48 week trial. Eligible pts had HIV exposure and (1) EL |
| 400 | Surrogate marker responses to multidrug combinations comprising hydroxyurea, efavirenz, double protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogues in protease inhibitor failures. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:143 (abstract no. 400) Youle M, Mocroft A, Johnson M, Tyrer M, Madge S, Dykhoff A, Drinkwater A; Royal Free Center for HIV Medicine, London, UK. Purpose of study: To evaluate the tolerability and effects on HIV viral load and CD4 count of a multidrug combination in subjects failing protease inhibitor therapy. Subjects on protease inhibitor containing regimes for > 6 months with an HIV RNA > 100,000 were treated with multidrug (5-7) combinations with a |
| 401 | Tailoring drug treatments with the use of hydroxyurea. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:143 (abstract no. 401) Lori F, Rosenberg E, Jessen H, Lieberman J, Finzi D, Seminari E, Maserati R, Siliciano RF, Walker B, Lisziewicz J; RIGHT, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Treatment of acute viral infections usually requires potent drugs due to the high level of virus. Chronic infections (with lower viremia) might not require a similar potency, but long-lasting and well tolerated treatments, not prone to resistance. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a candidate for both acute and chronic treatments, s |
| 402 | Phase I/II dosing study of once-daily hydroxyurea (HU) alone vs didanosine (ddI) alone vs ddI + HU. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:143 (abstract no. 402) Frank I, Boucher H, Fiscus S, Flexner C, Valentine F, Gulick R, Fox L, Eron J; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. We report 24 week results of a phase I/II, randomized, placebo-controlled five-arm study comparing HU alone at two doses (1000 mg qd and 1500 qd), ddI alone (200 mg bid), and ddI + HU in treatment naïve and experienced subjects. The HU groups had ddI added after week 4; the ddI group had HU (1000 mg or 1500 mg) added a |
| 403 | The prometheus study: double protease inhibitor (pi) treatment only is unable to suppress detectable viral load in the CSF. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:143 (abstract no. 403) Gisolf E, Jurriaans S, van der Ende M, Portegies P, Hoetelmans R, Danner S; National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The Prometheus Study, a multicenter open label randomized trial, compares efficacy in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ritonavir (RTV)/ saquinavir (SQV) 400/400mg bid versus RTV/SQV 400/400mg bid+ |
| 404 | More than 2 months of an aggressive 4-drug antiretroviral regimen is required to suppress CSF HIV viral burden in previously antiretroviral naïve patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:143 (abstract no. 404) Polis M, Yoder C, Mican J, Schrager L, Metcalf J, Dewar R, Feinberg M, Piscitelli S; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. The ability to suppress viral replication in the central nervous system of HIV-infected persons has not been well studied. To examine the virologic response to HAART in the CSF and Indinavir (IDV) CNS penetration, 11 antiretroviral naïve patients were initiated on the 4-drug regimen of zidovudine |
| 405 | Discordant HIV-1 RNA decay in CSF versus plasma following initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective ultra-intensive CSF sampling study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:144 (abstract no. 405) Haas DW, Spearman P, Johnson B, Harris VL, Donlon R, Wilkinson GR, Clough LA, Grosso RA, Stevens MR; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN. Antiretroviral agents may differ in ability to control HIV replication in the brain. The goal of this study was to characterize early CSF viral response and drug kinetics in asymptomatic, antiretroviral treatment-naïve adults. Lumbar CSF was collected continuously for 48 hr (approximately 300 mL) v |
| 406 | Estimation of nevirapine exposure within the cerebrospinal fluid using CSF:plasma area under the curve ratios. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:144 (abstract no. 406) Kearney B, Price R, Sheiner L, Bellibas E, Staprans S, Thevanayagam L, Aweeka F; San Francisco General Hospital, CA. Data regarding CSF penetration of drugs are limited by the use of single measures of paired CSF and plasma conc. This ratio suffers wide variability due to large changes in plasma conc. irrespective of CSF values. Therefore, it is desirable to compare AUC ratios as a more accurate measure of drug penetration. Multiple |
| 407 | Levels of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indinavir (IDV) and HIV RNA in HIV-infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:144 (abstract no. 407) Letendre SL, Caparelli E, Ellis RJ, Dur D, McCutchan JA; University of California, San Diego. Protease inhibitors (PI s) inhibit replication of sensitive HIV strains but are highly plasma protein-bound and may not reach inhibitory levels in protected compartments. IDV has the lowest degree of plasma protein binding among the approved PI s. Spot CSF IDV levels approximate trough serum levels but stil |
| 408 | Changes in CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA and in neuropsychological test performance after starting HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:144 (abstract no. 408) Marra CM, Coombs RW, Collier AC; University of Washington, Seattle. Examine HAART-induced changes in CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA and neuropsychological test (NPT) performance. HIV-1-infected persons beginning HAART were seen at baseline and 8 weeks later. A visit at 4 weeks was added starting with the 9th subject. Study procedures included: timed gait, grooved pegboard |
| 409 | Cerebrospinal fluid changes during HIV-1 infection: normalization by antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:144 (abstract no. 409) Inkina N, Heyes M, Gysens S, Novakovis-Agopian T, Gilden D, Grant R, Staprans S, Price RW; University of California, San Francisco. To understand the relations between host-determined CSF abnormalities and local HIV-1 infection. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 27 HIV-1-infected subjects undergoing diagnostic or baseline study lumbar puncture (LP), and longitudinal analysis of 15 subjects undergoing serial LP. HIV-1 RNA in C |
| 410 | The changing incidence of HIV-1-related neurological diseases: 1990-1997. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:145 (abstract no. 410) Sacktor NC, Lyles RH, McFarlane G, Skolasky RL, Kleeberger C, Becker JT, Cohen B, Wesch J, Miller EN, McArthur JC; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and multi-drug therapies are effective in suppressing systemic HIV viral load and reducing AIDS death rates. From 1992 to 1996, Brodt et al. (AIDS; 1997) showed decreasing rates of central nervous system (CNS) disease. However, the CNS may serve as a sanctuary |
| 411 | Increased gelatinase B activity in the CSF of patients with HIV-associated neurological diseases. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:145 (abstract no. 411) Liuzzi GM, Mastroianni CM, Santacroce PM, Fanelli M, D'Agostino C, Vullo V, Riccio P; University of Bari, Italy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were identified as mediators of brain injury in demyelinating diseases. MMP activities were examined by zymography in the CSF of 138 HIV-infected patients, 26 HIV-negative subjects with inflammatory neurological diseases (IND) and 12 subjects with noninflammatory neurological diseases ( |
| 412 | Relationship between kaposi's sarcoma (KS), kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and AIDS dementia complex (ADC). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:145 (abstract no. 412) Dupin N, Marcelin AG, Bossi P, Caumes E, Agher R, Agut H, Bricaire F, Huraux JM, Katlama C, Boshoff C, Calvez V; Department of Virology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. KSHV has been shown to encode chemokine-like proteins (vMIP-I and vMIP-II). vMIP-II blocks infection of HIV-1 on the surface of cells from CD4-positive cell line that expresses the chemokine receptor CCR3 for HIV-1 entry into microglia. Because CCR3 is a receptor for HIV-1 entry into microglia, it was suggested that pa |
| 413 | AIDS-related focal brain lesions in the era of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:145 (abstract no. 413) Antinori A, Cingolani A, Ammassari A, Pezzotti P, Murri R, de Luca A, Larocca LM, Ortona L; Catholic University, Rome, Italy. a) to assess temporal trends of focal brain lesions (FBLs)-disorders during impact of HAART (1997-98) compared with previous six years; b) to evaluate changing attitude for FBLs diagnosis. Prospective study. Probabilities were analyzed by crosstabulation, chi-square test for linear trend and logist |
| 414 | The fornix white line is an early indicator of cytomegalovirus encephalitis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:145 (abstract no. 414) Letendre SL, McCutchan JA, Ellis RJ, Chopra S, Abdi RF, Masliah E, Wiley CA, Hesselink JR; University of California, San Diego. CMV retinitis (CMV-R) is readily diagnosed in AIDS patients and is frequently associated with CMV-E at autopsy. However, CMV-E is clinically underrecognized. Enhanced signal in the fornix on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance (MR) scans is found in some patients with AIDS and CMV-E and is referred to as t |
| 415 | Immunoblot profile as a predictor of the onset of toxoplasma encephalitis in HIV+ patients: data from a primary prophylaxis trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:146 (abstract no. 415) Franck J, Chene G, Derouin F, Ecobichon JL, Pueyo S, Luft B, Morlat P, Dumon H, Leport C; Hopital La Timone, Marseille, France. Predictive factors of TE in HIV+ patients are CDC clinical stage C, CD4+ cell count /= 150 IU/ml. We assessed the prognostic role of anti-Tg IgG immunoblot profile in addition to these factors in patients with CD4+ |
| 416 | Evaluation of thallium-201 SPECT combined with toxoplasma serology for diagnosis of CNS mass lesions in AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:146 (abstract no. 416) Skiest D, Erdman W, Fleckenstein J, Chang W; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. Clinical and neuroimaging criteria are of limited value in establishing the etiology of CNS mass lesions in AIDS, specifically toxoplasmosis (toxo) and lymphoma . Thallium-201 SPECT scanning has been reported to be positive in CNS lymphoma , but its optimal use remains unclear. Consecutive HIV+ |
| 417 | Experience of cidofovir in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and virological monitoring. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:146 (abstract no. 417) Gasnault J, Taoufik Y, Abbed K, Kousignian P, Goujard C, Dussaix E, Delfraissy JF; Medecine Interne, Hopital de Bicetre (Le Kremlin Bicetre), France. To determine the benefit of Cidofovir treatment (CDV) for HIV-patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) undergoing potent antiretroviral combination (PARC). Thirteen out of 35 PML patients on PARC received CDV. Three patients received CDV later during the course of PML and were not conside |
| 418 | Viral dynamics in HIV-infected babies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:146 (abstract no. 418) Kalish ML, Thea DM, Weedon J, Brown TM, Abrams E, Steketee RW, Bulterys M, Lumey B; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. To explore the dynamics of viral replication in HIV-infected babies with no history of antiretroviral therapy. Plasma samples were drawn from March 1988-Feb. 1997 (median collection date: Feb. 1994) from 121 HIV-infected children followed prospectively from birth in a study of maternal-infant HIV tr |
| 419 | Zidovudine pharmacokinetics and intracellular pharmacology of zidovudine in HIV-infected women and newborn infants. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:146 (abstract no. 419) Rodman JH, Flynn PM, Robbins BL, Blanchard S, Jimenez E, Rodriguez J, Fridland A; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN. The intrapartum administration of zidovudine (ZDV) is highly effective therapy (ACTG 076) for reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) from mother to infant. PACTG 296 was designed to identify some of the pharmacological parameters that may be responsible for the efficacy of ACTG |
| 420 | A phase I study of hydroxyurea in HIV-infected children receiving didanosine (ddI) and/or stavudine (d4T). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:147 (abstract no. 420) Kline MW, Bomgaars LR, Calles NR, Simon C, Harris AT, Berg SL, Blaney S; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. To evaluate the safety, antiviral and immunologic effects, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of hydroxyurea, given with ddI and/or d4T to symptomatic HIV-infected children. Methods. HIV-infected children are being treated orally with hydroxyurea (initial dose, 10-20 mg/kg once daily; final dose, 20 mg/kg once daily |
| 421 | Ritonavir (RTV) pharmacokinetics and dose requirements in HIV infected children < two years of age. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:147 (abstract no. 421) Rodman J, Chadwick E, Palumbo P, Abrams E, Hsu A, Yogev R; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN. Highly effective protease inhibitor (PI) therapy for HIV infection has not been well studied in very young children. Moreover, as the CYP450 enzymes primarily responsible for PI metabolism are inherently highly variable and poorly characterized in infants, prediction of dose requirements is difficult. RTV was given in |
| 422 | Development of an indinavir syrup to treat HIV+ children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:147 (abstract no. 422) Hugen P, Burger D, Ter Hofstede H, Koopmans P; University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. To develop an oral solution of indinavir (IDV), which is bioequivalent to the commercially available capsules, to treat HIV+ children Different IDV solutions were prepared and their taste was tested in 8 healthy volunteers. Also the chemical stability during 2 weeks was examined by HPLC. |
| 423 | Population pharmacokinetics of indinavir, didanosine and stavudine in children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:147 (abstract no. 423) Brundage RC, Kline MW, Harris AT, Calles NR, Fletcher CV; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Rationale. Combination therapy using a protease inhibitor and two nucleoside antiretroviral agents is a common regimen in HIV-infected adults. The use of antiretroviral drugs in children has lagged behind that in adults because of the lack of suitable pediatric formulations and information on safe and effective dosage |
| 424 | Pharmacokinetics of an efavirenz suspension in children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:147 (abstract no. 424) Brundage RC, Fletcher CV, Fiske WD, Kornhauser DM, McNamara J, Mofenson L, Starr SE; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Rationale. Administration of drugs in the pediatric setting usually requires the development of alternative dosage formulations, particularly for younger children. The pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of a suspension formulation of efavirenz (EFV), in addition to the standard capsule product, were investigated in |
| 425 | Indinavir (IDV) in combination with stavudine (d4T) and lamivudine (3TC) in HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:147 (abstract no. 425) Nelson R, Sleasman J, Cervia J, Scott G, Rutstein R, McKinney R, Nessly M, Hawe L, Nguyen BY; All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL. The optimal IDV dose in HIV-infected children has not yet been established. The study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of IDV 500 mg/m2 plus d4T and 3TC . Open-label, multicenter, 48 week (wk) study where HIV-infect |
| 426 | Long term outcome of potent antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:148 (abstract no. 426) Vigana A, Pirollo M, Sala N, Bricalli D, Saresella M, Dally L, Principi N, Vella S; University of Milan, Italy. We evaluated the long-term outcome (median:18 months) during potent antiretroviral therapy of 25 vertically HIV-infected children with severe or moderate immunodeficiency. Sixteen CDC class 2 and eight CDC class 3 children (mean age: 9.8 years) - with comparable prior nucleoside experience (ZDV ± ddI) - were switched |
| 427 | Nelfinavir pharmacokinetics in stable HIV positive children; the effect of weight and a comparison of bid to tid dosing. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:148 (abstract no. 427) Hayashi S, Wiznia A, Jaywardene A, Stanley K, Nachman S, Krogstad P, Johnson G, Aweeka F; University of California, San Francisco. Results are limited on the PK and drug interactions of protease inhibitors in children. NFV PK (20-30 mg/kg TID) in the absence and presence of nevirapine (NVP) was evaluated in antiretroviral experienced patients aged > 2 to 17 years. In children |
| 428 | Safety and effectiveness of nelfinavir in combination with 2 RTI in HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:148 (abstract no. 428) Ramos JT, Bastero R, Bertran JM, Bodas A, Ciria L, de Jose MI, Fortuny C, Glez-Montero R, Martin-Fontelos P, Roa MA, Sanchez-Palacin A, Vaquero D; Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain. To determine the short-term safety and effectiveness of NFV in children. Prospective open-label multicenter study on the use of NFV in 9 hospitals. At least two new drugs were included. 21% were antiretroviral naïve, 44% RTI-experienced and 35 PI-experienced. The most common NFV combinations were |
| 429 | Virologic and CD4 response to treatment with nelfinavir in therapy experienced, protease inhibitor naïve HIV-infected children: 48 week follow-up. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:148 (abstract no. 429) Martel L, Valentine M, Ferguson L, Muelenaer P, Fisher R, Katz SL, McKinney RE; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. Analysis is presented for 19 therapy-experienced, HIV-infected children started on combination antiretroviral regimens including nelfinavir [NLV] between May and December 1997 (30 mg/kg/dose Q8h -- later increased]. Mean age was 8.37 years (range 1.1 to 13.8 years). 17/19 were CDC Immunological Category 3 (advanced), 1 |
| 430 | Pediatric trial of combination therapy including the protease inhibitor amprenavir (APV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:148 (abstract no. 430) Yogev R, Church J, Flynn P, LaVoie S, Rathore M, Ramos JT, Hetherington S, Millard J, Mustafa N, Blake D, Rogers MD; Chicago Children's Memorial Hospital, IL. This ongoing open label, single arm, international, clinical trial evaluates safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral effect of APV in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in HIV-infected children. APV was given BID as either capsules or oral solution. Results: 74 subjects received APV |
| 431 | Dual HIV protease inhibitor (PI) therapy of children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:148 (abstract no. 431) Kline MW, Fletcher CV, Brundage RC, Calles NR, Buss NE, Delora P; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. To evaluate the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antiviral activity of saquinavir soft gelatin capsules (SQV-SGC), given with nelfinavir (NFV) and one or two nucleoside antiretroviral agents (NRTIs) to HIV-infected children. Methods. Children are being treated orally with SQV-SGC (33 mg/kg tid) |
| 432 | Treatment of HIV infected children with delavirdine combined with protease inhibitors: drug levels, safety, and virologic response. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:149 (abstract no. 432) Watson D, Cox S, Carel B, Shoup R; University of Maryland, Baltimore. A regimen of NRTIs, NNRTI, and PIs is an attractive option for salvage therapy of HIV-infected children. In phase 3 studies of adults on DLV + NRTIs, median trough [DLV] ranged from 6-10 micromolar. A pediatric phase I/II study of DLV + 2 NRTIs is in progress. We studied treatment with DLV + 1-2 PIs + 1-2 NRTIs in 13 c |
| 433 | Preliminary toxicity and tolerability of 4-drug antiretroviral therapy with NRTIs, nevirapine, nelfinavir & ritonavir in ARV-experienced children with advanced HIV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:149 (abstract no. 433) Burchett SK, Kovacs A, Khoury M, Yong F, Carey V, Smith E, Mofenson L, Zimmer B, Hawkins E; Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. To evaluate toxicity & tolerability of 4-drug ARV therapy including 1-2 NRTIs, NNRTI & 1-2 protease inhibitors (PIs), chosen by prior ARV in pediatric subjects with advanced HIV disease. Pts 6mo-21yrs (median age 7.3 yrs) on ARV therapy with HIV RNA > 50,000 copies/mL; CDC Ped C or 3 Classif |
| 434 | Virologic response to HAART and modeling HIV dynamics in early pediatric infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:149 (abstract no. 434) Palumbo P, Chadwick E, Wu H, Rodman J, Britto P, Abrams E, Yogev R; UMDNJ, Newark, NJ. To define viral response and replication kinetics among HIV-infected infants receiving HAART. Plasma RNA data from 17 infants (age 1-24 mon) enrolled in PACTG 345 (ZDV, 3TC , ritonavir ) were analyzed using a viral dynamic model (Wu & Ding). |
| 435 | Hypercholesterolemia in children treated with HIV protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:149 (abstract no. 435) Watson DC, Farley JJ; University of Maryland, Baltimore. The HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are known to disturb lipid metabolism in adults, producing hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We sought to describe the effect of PIs on cholesterol metabolism in children. Of 100 perinatally-infected children on PIs at our center, cholesterol levels have been obtained on 8 |
| 436 | Gastrostomy tube for improvement of adherence with HAART in pediatric HIV patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:149 (abstract no. 436) Shingadia D, Viani R, Dankner W, Yogev R, Spector SA, Chadwick E; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Combination therapy with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in viral suppression and immune reconstitution but requires high levels of patient adherence. Reasons for nonadherence include drug tolerability and adverse reactions. Gastrostomy tubes (GT) have been used in HIV-infected patients for nutriti |
| 437 | The effects of HAART on immunophenotypic markers in perinatally HIV-1 infected children: evidence for reconstitution with naïve T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:149 (abstract no. 437) Equils O, Plaeger S, Deville J, Sim M, Nielsen K, Krogstad P, Bryson Y; University of California, Los Angeles. To determine T cell reconstitution in perinatally HIV-1 infected children during HAART. 26 perinatally HIV-1 infected children (6mo-14 yrs) were followed for 12-24 months for virologic (plasma HIV RNA) and immunophenotypic (CD4#/%, CD8#/%, CD45RA+CD62L+CD4+/ CD45RA+CD62L+CD8+, HLA-DR+CD38+CD4+/HLA- |
| 438 | Regeneration of CD4+45RA+T lymphocytes in the presence of continued viral replication in HIV-infected children treated with 96 weeks of combination indinavir, 3TC and ZDV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:150 (abstract no. 438) Jankelevich S, Mueller BU, Smith S, Mackall C, Zwerski S, Wood L, Zeichner S, Serchuck L, Sleasman J, Nelson R, Nguyen BY, Shadle C, Pizzo P, Yarchoan R; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Long-term immunologic and virologic responses of HIV-infected children enrolled in a Phase I/II study of indinavir were examined. 33 children completed 80 weeks of combination indinavir (350 mg/m2 q8h), ZDV and 3TC , following 16 weeks of indinavir monotherapy. |
| 439 | CD4 correlates of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected children during the pre-HAART era. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:150 (abstract no. 439) Dankner W, Lindsey J, Levin M; University of California, San Diego. OIs cause significant morbidity and potential mortality in HIV+ children. Types of infections, their frequency and associated risk factors can differ from HIV+ adults. We sought to identify OI frequency and CD4 thresholds for children by analyzing 13 PACTG studies conducted pre-HAART. At baseline, 3331 children had a m |
| 440 | Administration of varicella vaccine to HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:150 (abstract no. 440) Levin M, Gershon A, Weinberg A, Blanchard S, Wells B, Nowak B; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver. To determine the safety and immunogenicity of live varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in children mildly affected by HIV infection. Method: Forty-two HIV-infected children who: 1) were age 1 to 8 years; 2) had no history of varicella and no antibody to VZV; 3) and had little or no symptomatic or immunologi |
| 441 | Effects of mycobacterium avium infection on simian immunodeficiency virus replication in the lymphoid tissue of AIDS macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:150 (abstract no. 441) Li Q, Mansfield KG, Lackner AA, Haase AT; Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC ) is one of the most common opportunistic infections during the late stage of AIDS. The interaction between the HIV and MAC, especially MAC infection on the HIV replication, may have important implications for the pathogenesis of AIDS. We examined the effects of Mycobacte |
| 442 | Killing of mycobacterium avium by neutrophils and monocytes from aids patients treated with GM-CSF. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:150 (abstract no. 442) Cinti S, Coffey M, Sullivan A, Armstrong W, Kazanjian P; University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor. We have previously shown that neutrophils isolated from AIDS patients demonstrate improved growth inhibition of M. avium when incubated with exogenous GM-CSF. In this study, 30 AIDS patients without M. avium infection were randomized to receive treatment with azithromycin (1200 mg), GM-CSF (250 micrograms/m2/Day X 5 da |
| 443 | Skin test reactivity to mycobacterium avium sensitin among patients in ACTG 362. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:151 (abstract no. 443) von Reyn CF, Williams P, Becker S, Nevin T, Lederman H, Currier J; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH. Skin tests to purified protein derivative (PPD) and Mycobacterium avium sensitin (MAS) were performed at baseline and at 6 months on 117 HIV-positive subjects in ACTG 362. Subjects with a previous CD4 /= 100 were eligible for study. Baseline MAS skin tests were positive (>/= 5 mm) in 18 (15%) of 117 subjects: 12 (24%) |
| 444 | Predictors of adherence to azithromycin prophylaxis for prevention of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:151 (abstract no. 444) Cohn SE, Kammann E, Williams P, Chesney MA, Currier J; University of Rochester, NY. Adherence to prophylactic medications is important for preventing opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS. To describe patterns and predictors of adherence to mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC ) prophylaxis in patients with AIDS. Self-reported surveys of patients enrolled in ACTG |
| 445 | Preclinical development of novel anti-mycobacterial drugs: activity in vitro, animal model efficacy, and mechanism of action. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:151 (abstract no. 445) Parrish NM, Townsend CA, Dick JD, Bishai WR; The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. M. tb. (MTB) and M. avium complex ( MAC ) are leading causes of AIDS morbidity and mortality, and new drugs are needed because of emerging drug resistance. Hypothesis: Inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis involved in cell wall formation may have potency as anti-mycobacterial drugs. Analogues of cerulenin and thiol |
| 446 | A rapid fall in immune activation during antituberculosis treatment of TB/HIV coinfected patients has no significant impact on plasma HIV-1 load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:151 (abstract no. 446) Lawn S, Griffin G, Lal R, Folks T, Butera S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Previous data suggest that M. tuberculosis , an important copathogen in HIV infected patients, increases viral replication and plasma viral load by means of immune activation and that viral load may therefore fall during antituberculosis treatment (ATT). In this study of 15 HIV-1-infected Ghanaian patients with smear-p |
| 447 | Methylprednisolone in HIV + TB: immunologic, virologic and pharmacodynamic effects. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:151 (abstract no. 447) Hise A, Namale A, Wallis R, Johnson J, Mugerwa R, Reed M, O'Riorda MA, Ellner J, Whalen C; University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH. To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic and preliminary biological effects of corticosteroid in reducing the cytokine mediated activation of HIV in newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) in a phase I clinical trial. HIV positive patients (CD4 > 200) with active TB were enrolled from t |
| 448 | Risk factors for developing active tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected, PPD-positive (+) patients (pts). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:151 (abstract no. 448) Gordin F, Matts J, Miller C, Chaisson R, Garcia M, O'Brien R; VA Medical Center, Washington, DC. TB remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV+ pts worldwide. Prevention of TB is dependent on targeting pts most likely to develop active disease. We evaluated risk factors associated with the development of active TB among 1583 HIV+, PPD+ pts participating in a study of TB prophylaxis in the |
| 449 | Use of rifabutin (RBT) with protease inhibitors (PIs) for HIV-infected TB patients (pts). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:152 (abstract no. 449) Stambaugh JJ, Narita M, Ibrahim E, Mollycheck J, Hollender E, Pitchenik AE, Ashkin D; A.G. Holley State Hospital (AGH), Lantana, FL. Treatment of HIV+ TB pts has been complicated by reported drug-interactions between rifamycins and PIs. Few studies examine RBT s use with PIs. Reviewed medical records of all HIV+ TB pts who were admitted to AGH 10/1/97 - 8/31/98. Results: 40 HIV+ TB pts were admitted. 28 pts were treated with PI- |
| 450 | Effect of cryopreservation on cell-mediated immunity assays. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:152 (abstract no. 450) Weinberg A, Zhang L, Brown D; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. To compare the results of cytomegalovirus ( CMV )-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) assays on fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Blood was obtained from CMV-seropositive HIV-infected and uninfected individuals and from CMV-seronegative controls. |
| 451 | Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp67 late gene transcripts by NASBA in cerebrospinal fluid: correlation with CNS disease in AIDS patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:152 (abstract no. 451) Zhang F, Tetali S, Kaplan M, Cromme F, Lunenberg J, Ginocchio CC; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY. CMV infections of the CNS are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced AIDS. The diagnosis of CMV CNS infections is dependent upon clinical findings, CSF and blood culture, neuroimaging and CSF DNA PCR. Since DNA PCR may detect latent nonreplicating virus, we evaluated a nucleic acid |
| 452 | Analysis of interstrain variation in the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase (Pol) sequence and its effect on the genotypic diagnosis of antiviral drug resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:152 (abstract no. 452) Chou S, Lurain N, Weinberg A, Crumpacker C; VA Medical Center, Portland, OR. Effective genotypic diagnosis of CMV drug resistance depends on information about resistance-related mutations and baseline variation among clinical isolates. Since CMV Pol mutations can confer resistance to all currently licensed anti-CMV drugs, a multicenter study was organized to determine the baseline variation of |
| 453 | Prevalence of asymptomatic CMV retinitis (CMVR) in AIDS patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:152 (abstract no. 453) Brosgart C, Fisher E, Pulling C, Chaloner K, Cohn D, Elsadr W, Verheggen R, Schmetter B, Alston B; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA. CMV disease, manifested primarily by CMV retinitis, developed in an estimated 20-40% of U.S. AIDS patients prior to the HAART era. The risk of developing CMVR increases with CD4 |
| 454 | Recovery of antibody responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein B (gB) following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:153 (abstract no. 454) Deayton J, Cope A, Johnson M, Britt W, Griffiths P, Emery V; Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, UK. Introduction Since the introduction of HAART much work has focused on the reconstitution of cellular immunity which follows suppression of HIV replication. Less is known about the effect of HAART on humoral responses. HAART can restore proliferative T cell responses to recall antigens including |
| 455 | A 24 month follow-up of cytomegalovirus retinitis without secondary prophylaxis following highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:153 (abstract no. 455) Tural C, Sirera G, Romeu J, Bonjoch A, Jou A, Andreu D, Ruiz L, Arno A, Paredes R, Clotet B; Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain. Retinitis (R) is the most common manifestation of CMV disease and SP is required to avoid or delay complete visual loss. Immune reconstitution can be achieved after prolonged viral suppression. To evaluate if the association of clinical, immunological and virological response to HAART could aid t |
| 456 | Restimop (ANRS 078): a prospective multicentre study to evaluate the discontinuation of maintenance therapy for CMV retinitis in HIV-patients receiving HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:153 (abstract no. 456) Jouan M, Saves M, Tubiana R, Cassoux N, Carcelain G, Fillet AM, Olivier C, Nciri M, Chene G, Katlama C; Hopital Pitie Salpetriere, Paris. Objectives 1) To determine the incidence of relapse of CMV disease 2) To describe evolution of virological and immunological CMV parameters after discontinuation of anti-CMV MT in AIDS pts receiving HAART. Methods. Prospective multicentre study. 47 patients receiving HAART with healed CMVR under MT, negative CMV viremi |
| 457 | Decrease of CMV replication in HIV infected patients after treatment with highly active antiretroviral treatment. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:153 (abstract no. 457) O'Sullivan C, Drew W, McMullen D, Miner R, Lee J, Kaslow R, Saag M; University of Alabama, Birmingham. Hypothesis: Immune reconstitution, following HAART therapy, results in a significant decline in CMV viremia in the absence of specific CMV therapy in patients with asymptomatic CMV viremia. 28 patients commencing HAART therapy had quantitative CMV DNA and HIV RNA and CD4+ T-cell counts measured at baseline (ti |
| 458 | Risk of cytomegalovirus viremia and disease in HIV-infected patients with protease inhibitor treatment failure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:153 (abstract no. 458) Casado JL, Arrizabalaga J, Gutierrez C, Marti-Belda P, Rodriguez-Arrondo F, Dronda F, Iribarren JA, Perez-Elias MJ, Antela A, von Wichman MA; Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain. To evaluate the risk of developing cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) viremia and disease after the first year on protease inhibitor therapy. Prospective study of 90 HIV-infected patients who initiated therapy with a CD4 cell count below 100 cells/mm3. CMV viremia was determined by using CMV-PCR (Amplicor CMV) |
| 459 | Quantitative effects of valaciclovir on the replication of cytomegalovirus in patients with advanced HIV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:153 (abstract no. 459) Emery V, Sabin C, Feinberg J, Grywacz M, Knight S, Griffiths P; Royal Free and University College Medical Schools, London, UK. Viral load is a risk factor for disease in many human viral infections, especially HIV. We investigated the relationship between CMV viral load, antiviral chemotherapy and disease progression in HIV+ve patients enrolled in a randomised controlled trial comparing valaciclovir with aciclovir. Samples of blood and urine w |
| 460 | A phase II double masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of standard therapy vs standard therapy combined with human monoclonal anti-cytomegalovirus antibody (MSL-109) in the therapy of AIDS patients with newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in ACTG 266. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:154 (abstract no. 460) Borucki M, Spritzler J, Gnann J, Hirsch M, Nokta M, Aweeka F, Pollard R; The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. ACTG 266 was designed as a randomized study of standard therapy for newly diagnosed CMV retinitis plus MSL-109 antibody at 15 mg or 60 mg vs placebo administered in a double masked fashion every two weeks IV. MSL-109 is a human monoclonal antibody directed against CMV gH. The primary endpoint was time to progression as |
| 461 | Menstrual function and HIV serostatus. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:154 (abstract no. 461) Harlow SD, Schuman P, Cohen M, Ohmit SE, Lin X, Klein RS, Rompalo A, Cu-Uvin S, Warren D; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. We evaluated the association between HIV serostatus and menstrual function with prospectively collected menstrual data. 802 HIV+ and 273 HIV+ women aged 20-45 years enrolled in the HERS and WIHS cohort studies of HIV infection in women participated in a six month menstrual diary substudy. Women who reported pregnancy, |
| 462 | Incidence of HPV-associated vulvovaginal lesions in HIV-infected and uninfected women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:154 (abstract no. 462) Conley LJ, Ellerbrock TV, Bush TJ, Chiasson MA, Wright TC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. To determine the incidence of vulvovaginal lesions associated with human papillomavirus ( HPV ) in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. A total of 703 women without HPV-associated vulvovaginal lesions, who were enrolled in a prospective cohort study during 1991-98, were included in this analysis. |
| 463 | Cervical neoplasia and the persistence of HPV infection in HIV+ women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:154 (abstract no. 463) Ahdieh L, Munoz A, Vlahov D, Trimble C, Timpson L, Shah K; Johns Hopkins University, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Baltimore, MD. We investigated the hypothesis that HIV infection and immunosuppression facilitate the persistence of HPV infection, and that the effect of HIV on cervical neoplasia (CIN) can be explained by its effect on HPV persistence. As part of a longitudinal study with bi-annual examinations (The ALIVE Study |
| 464 | Association of retinol deficiency with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in the HIV-infected women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:154 (abstract no. 464) French AL, Cohen MH, Semba RD, Kirstein L, Weber K, Massad LS, Minkoff H, Young M, Landesman S, Anastos K, Greenblatt R; Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL. Conflicting data exist on the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and cervical dysplasia/neoplasia. To explore this association in HIV+ women, we measured vitamin A levels by high performance liquid chromatography in 958 women enrolled in a multisite cohort study and screened for the presence |
| 465 | Molecular epidemiology of HPV infection in the genital tract of HIV seropositive women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:155 (abstract no. 465) Hoesley CJ, Jin G, Bragg S, Sfakianos G, Alvarez RD, Chow LT, Squires KE, Broker TR; University of Alabama, Birmingham. To prospectively characterize the prevalence and evolution of HPV infection in the genital tract of HIV-1 seropositive women. Study patients received biannual pelvic exams including Pap smear, cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), and STD screening. HPV DNA was detected from CVL specimens utilizing L1 gene p |
| 466 | A phase three randomized trial of topical vaginal 5-fluorouracil maintenance therapy versus observation after standard treatment for high grade cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women: ACTG 200. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:155 (abstract no. 466) Maiman M, Watts DH, Andersen J; AIDS Clinical Trials Group. To determine the efficacy and toxicity of topical vaginal 5-FU maintenance therapy, 101 HIV positive women after standard excisional or ablative cervical treatment of CIN II or III were randomized to receive either 6 months of adjunctive vaginal 5-FU cream (2 grams of 5% cream bi-weekly) or observation only. Pap smears |
| 467 | Cervicovaginal (CV) HIV DNA, RNA, and markers of inflammation in HIV+ women before and after treatment for vaginitis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:155 (abstract no. 467) Mayer KH, Cu-Uvin S, Tucker L, Xu C, Rodriguez I, Flanigan T, Anderson DJ; Brown University AIDS Program, Providence, RI. In order to assess the effect of treating vaginitis on genital tract infection and inflammation, 22 HIV+ women participants in a prospective cohort study (HERS) who developed vaginitis between 12/96 and 2/98 underwent CV lavage and microbiologic dx before and after rx. 11 had vaginal candidia |
| 468 | Syphilis serologic patterns among women with or at risk for HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:155 (abstract no. 468) Rompalo AM, Astemborski J, Klein RS, Cu-Uvin S, Schuman P, Duerr A; Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD. Unusual syphilis serologic test titers have been reported among HIV infected individuals and have been postulated to reflect low CD4 counts or advanced HIV disease. The HIV Epidemiology Study (HERS) is a prospective study of HIV infected and at-risk HIV uninfected women. As part of their biannual visits, 860 HIV+ and 4 |
| 469 | Utility of cervigram in HIV infected adolescents. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:155 (abstract no. 469) Moscicki AB, Holland C, Crowley-Norwick P, Peralta L, Vermund S; University of California, San Francisco. Since the rate of cervical SIL has been found to be high among HIV infected women, adjuvants such as the Cervigram may be useful to enhance detection. The use of such cervical photography in adolescents in general is in question since atypical squamous metaplasia, which is colposcopically indistinguishable from SIL is |
| 470 | HIV testing rates and trends among U.S. adults, 1994-1997. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:156 (abstract no. 470) Holtzman D, Bland SD, Nakashima A; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. This study examined prevalence rates and trends in rates of HIV testing among U.S. adults using data from the 1994-1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS is a state-specific population-based, random telephone survey that collects information monthly. From weighted data aggregated across stat |
| 471 | Urine screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia in an HIV primary care population. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:156 (abstract no. 471) Erbelding E, Stanton D, Quinn T, Rompalo A; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Because sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) enhance HIV shedding from the genital tract, improved case finding efforts in HIV primary care may be an important intervention to control HIV transmission. We used urine-based screening methods along with a questionnaire on sexual behavior to define the |
| 472 | Identification of HIV infection in high risk populations by monthly urine screening. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:156 (abstract no. 472) Hilton C, Perdue B, Lewis J, Urban C, Schiplet M, Lane C, Higgins Y, Quinn T, Nelson K, Margolick J; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. To identify recent HIV infection in high-risk populations through monthly urine testing in two Baltimore City drug treatment centers. After consenting, patients (pts) received HIV pre-test counseling and (5). Aliquots (2 ml) of urine were obtained monthly and tested for HIV antibody (Calypte EIA). R |
| 473 | High-risk sexual behaviors among HIV-infected adolescents and young adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:156 (abstract no. 473) Denning P, Nakashima A, Wortley P; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. To describe high-risk sexual behaviors among adolescents and young adults recently reported with HIV infection or AIDS. Between January 1995 and August 1998, we interviewed 1,217 persons aged 18-29 years who were newly reported with HIV (33%) or AIDS (67%) in 12 cities and states to assess high-risk |
| 474 | High HIV-1 seroprevalence among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in New York City (NYC). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:156 (abstract no. 474) Koblin B, Torian L, Guilin V, Ren L, MacKellar D, Valleroy L; New York Blood Center, NY. In NYC, limited data are available on the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and risk behaviors among young MSM. The 1998 NYC Young Men s Survey was a multistage probability survey of 15-22 yr. old MSM who attend public venues. In a mobile van, young MSM received a behavioral risk interview and HIV coun |
| 475 | High HIV seroprevalence in men diagnosed with gonorrhea during a period of declining HIV seroprevalence and gonorrhea incidence, New York City (NYC) department of health (DOH) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, 1990-1997. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:157 (abstract no. 475) Torian L, Makki H, Menzies I, Murrill C, Benson D, Weisfuse I, Weinstock H; New York City Department of Health, Office of AIDS Research/HIV Serosurveys, NY. Objective. To measure trends in HIV seroprevalence (P) associated with a diagnosis of gonorrhea (GC) in patients presenting to NYC DOH STD clinics. Method. Unlinked HIV-1 serosurvey using remnant serum originally drawn for routine serologic tests for syphilis. Result. During 1990-1997 P in the STD clinics declined from |
| 476 | Differences in HIV incidence by risk exposure and gender in patients accepting confidential HIV testing at two New York City (NYC) department of health (DOH) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, 1994-1998. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:157 (abstract no. 476) Menzies I, Makki H, Murrill C, Weinstock H, Weisfuse I, Benson D, Torian L; New York City Department of Health, Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics, NY. Objective. To measure HIV seroincidence in initially seronegative repeat testers presenting to two NYC DOH STD clinics, 1994-1998. Method. Prospective record-based cohort of patients accepting confidential HIV testing. Demographic, risk exposure, laboratory and clinical data were abstracted from the medical record. No |
| 477 | Trends in HIV seroprevalence among illicit drug users entering drug treatment centers in NYC, 1991 - 1997: a birth cohort analysis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:157 (abstract no. 477) Glenatis D, Wang L, Lessner L, Wikoff J, Pulver W; Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany. HIV prevalence among injection drug users increased dramatically until the early 1980 s, then started to stabilize. We examined the trends in HIV prevalence among illicit drug users entering three major drug treatment centers in New York City (NYC). An unlinked HIV seroprevalence study was conducted |
| 478 | Community incidence and prevalence of HIV and hepatitis in incarcerated women in Rhode Island. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:157 (abstract no. 478) Rich JD, Macalino GE, Salas CM, Towe CW, Carpenetti NB, Dickinson BP, Foisie CK, McKenzie M, Spaulding A, Vlahov D; The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. To measure the prevalence and community incidence of blood-borne pathogens among female prisoners. The results of routine HIV testing done upon incarceration for all women from 1992-96 were examined for prevalence and incidence among those incarcerated and tested more than once. Discarded blood from r |
| 479 | A high-incidence homosexual male cohort for vaccine trials in Brazil. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:157 (abstract no. 479) Harrison LH, Do Lago RF, Ismerio R, Schechter M; University of Pittsburgh, PA. HIV vaccine trials require high-risk populations willing to participate in clinical trials. We conducted Projeto Praca Onze, an HIV seroincidence study among high-risk homosexual males in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , to identify a population in which to study HIV vaccines. Homosexual men were recruited from HIV anonymous t |
| 480 | Estimation of HIV-1 incidence in an anonymous testing center in Brazil using a dual eia testing strategy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:157 (abstract no. 480) Alves KS, Rawal BD, Placco AL, Araujo S, Palhares MC, Zamboni R, Ueda M, Busch MP, Diaz RS; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. To detect recent HIV-1 infections and to estimate HIV from a cross-sectional serosurvey of a population from an anonymous test Center in Sao Paulo, Brazil . 2080 subjects were screened for HIV-1 antibodies; 287 (13.8%) were confirmed seropositive. Serum for testing was available from 280 seropositi |
| 481 | The changing epidemiology of HIV infection in Ireland. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:158 (abstract no. 481) O'Mahony M, Brazil J, Hall W, Cryan B, Butler K, Horgan M; Department of Public Health Southern Health Board, Crumlin, Dublin. The epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS is monitored closely in the Republic of Ireland . AIDS cases are notified on a voluntary confidential basis. An unlinked anonymous antenatal HIV screening program is on place. Confirmatory Western blot tests are performed in one central laboratory with 1,912 indivduals testing |
| 482 | A continuous multicenter quality assurance monitoring program for HIV-1 RNA measurements in Europe and Asia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:158 (abstract no. 482) Schuurman R, Tijnagel J, Boucher C; Academic Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. To develop a system for continuous independent monitoring of viral load assay performance. An Independent Run Control (IRC) containing 10.000 RNA copies/ml was developed using a EM quantified HIV-1 viral stock, aliquoted on a large scale in single use 250ul volumes, distributed among 28 laboratories |
| 483 | Evaluation of a nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) assay for screening of CCR5 genotype utilizing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood of HIV-1 infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:158 (abstract no. 483) Tetali S, Wang XP, Romano J, Kaplan MH, Ginocchio CC; North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset. Recent studies indicate the importance of CCR5 chemokine receptor genotype (wild type, homozygous DELTA32, heterozygous DELTA32) in assessing patient susceptibility to HIV-1 infection as well as HIV-1 disease progression. This study evaluated a new NASBA assay for determining the CCR5 genotype using PBMCs and whole blo |
| 484 | Diagnosis of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in a high risk population using oral fluid. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:158 (abstract no. 484) George JR, Piacentini SC, McGrath BA, Bodin GF, Kenny CA; Epitope, Inc., Beaverton, OR. A population at high risk for blood borne and sexually transmitted diseases was studied for the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B , and hepatitis C using oral fluid. Matched serum and oral fluid samples were collected from 93 subjects and tested in commercial enzyme immunoass |
| 485 | Improving the standards of HHV-8 serological testing: use of well-characterized clinical samples and a sensitive IFA to establish true positive and true negative controls for the calibration of a new ELISA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:158 (abstract no. 485) Martin JN, Amad Z, Cossen C, Lam PK, Ruiz J, Page-Shafer K, Osmond DH, Forghani B; University of California, San Francisco. Interassay correlation between existing human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) serologic tests has been limited in part because assay standardization and cutpoints were developed without reference to true positive and negative controls. An immunofluorescence assay (IFA), using induced BCBL-1 as substrate, was |
| 486 | Dual EIA Test Strategy for Enrolling Persons with Recent HIV Infection into a Primary HIV Treatment Trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:159 (abstract no. 486) Rawal BD, Hecht FM, Kahn JO, Swanson M, Satten GA, Janssen RS, Busch MP; University of California, San Francisco. Evaluate dual EIA strategy that detects persons seroconverted within prior 4 months to select patients for a primary HIV infection treatment study. Patients with a history of recent risk exposure to unprotected sex with a known or suspect HIV-infected partner and at least one of the acute HIV infect |
| 487 | Quantification of d4T triphosphate (d4TTP) in ZDV naïve and ZDV experienced HIV infected individuals by an enzymatic assay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:159 (abstract no. 487) Phiboonbanakit D, Lloyd J, Khoo S, Wilkins E, Maher B, Barry M, Back D; University of Liverpool, UK. An enzymatic assay for determining intracellular d4TTP has been developed using a similar method to that recently described for ZDVTP quantification(1). The basis of the method is competition for reverse transcriptase (RT) by (3)H thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) and d4TTP and hence variable incorporation with a synthetic |
| 488 | Continued lamivudine (3TC) vs delavirdine (DLV) in combination with indinavir (IDV) and zidovudine (ZDV) or stavudine (d4T) in 3TC-experienced patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:159 (abstract no. 488) Kuritzkes DR, Marschner IC, Johnson VA, Bassett RL, Eron JJ, Bell DL, Wood K, Sommadossi JP, Morse G, Pettinelli CB; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. Current treatment guidelines recommend replacing existing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) with two new drugs when adding a protease inhibitor (PI) in NRTI-experienced patients. Given the effect of 3TC on ZDV resistance it is not known whether 3TC should be maintained in d4T- or ddI-experienced patien |
| 489 | ACTG 364: virologic efficacy of nelfinavir (NFV) and/or efavirenz (EFZ) in combination with new nucleoside analogs in nucleoside experienced subjects (subj). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:159 (abstract no. 489) Albrecht M, Katzenstein D, Bosch R, Liou S, Hammer S; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. The ideal treatment (Rx) for multiple NRTI exposed individuals is unknown. ACTG 364 was designed to determine if new NRTIs combined with NFV and/or EFZ are effective in suppressing viral load in extensively NRTI-exposed subj. Design: Randomized, phase II, partially blind trial for subj with extensive but ex |
| 490 | Randomized trial of abacavir (ABC) & nelfinavir (NFV) in combination with efavirenz (EFV) & adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) as salvage therapy in patients with virologic failure receiving indinavir (IDV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:159 (abstract no. 490) Hammer S, Squires K, Degruttola V, Fischl M, Bassett R, Demeter L, Hertogs K, Larder B; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. There is an urgent need for effective salvage therapies for pts experiencing virologic failure on protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens. ACTG 372B was factorially designed to investigate the comparative efficacy of ABC vs approved nucleosides (NRTIs) & NFV vs Plac on a background of EFV & ADV in NNRTI-nai |
| 491 | Placebo (PLC)-controlled, multicenter trial of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in patients (pt) with HIV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:160 (abstract no. 491) Fisher E, Brosgart C, Cohn D, Chaloner K, Pulling C, Alston B, Schmetter B, El-Sadr W; CPCRA 039 Team for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ADV in advanced HIV disease (dz). Pt with CD4 |
| 492 | Virologic failure during combination therapy with crixivan and RT inhibitors is often associated with expression of resistance-associated mutations in RT only. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:160 (abstract no. 492) Holder DJ, Condra JH, Schleif WA, Chodakewitz J, Emini EA; Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA. Recent clinical trials (054 and 067) of CRIXIVAN in combination with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors ZDV+ 3TC or with the nonnucleoside RT inhibitor efavirenz yielded a subset of patients who experienced virologic failure during the first six mon |
| 493 | Virologic failure, resistance and plasma drug measurements in induction maintenance therapy trial (ANRS 072, trilege). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:160 (abstract no. 493) Descamps D, Peytavin G, Calvez V, Flandre P, Meiffredy V, Raffi F, Pialoux G, Aboulker JP, Brun-Vezinet F; Trilege showed that, after a 3 month induction with ZDV/ 3TC /IDV, viral replication was less durably suppressed in ZDV/3TC and ZDV/IDV maintenance arms than in continued ZDV/3TC/IDV (rebounds > 500c/ml in 29/93, 21/94 and 8/92 respectively). We designed a 1:1 matched study where each virologic failure case is matched |
| 494 | Sustained CD4 T cell response after virologic failure of protease inhibitor based regimens: correlation between CD4 and viral load response after two years of therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:160 (abstract no. 494) Deeks S, Barbour J, Swanson M, Hecht FM, Grant RM; University of California, San Francisco. Patients failing a protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen may have a sustained CD4 T cell response. The duration of this response and its relation to change in viral load (VL) are unknown. Patients were identified through an observational cohort. All patients received > 16 weeks of a PI based regime |
| 495 | Quantifying residual HIV-1 replication and decay of the latent reservoir in patients on seemingly effective combination antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:160 (abstract no. 495) Zhang L, Ramratnam B, Tenner-Racz K, He Y, Vesanen M, Lewin S, Hurley A, Racz P, Perelson AS, Korber BT, Markowitz M, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York. To study the effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy and the decay characteristics of lantently infected cells, we undertook a study in 8 highly selected patients whose plasma viremia had been undetectable for 2-3 years after commencing antiretroviral therapy ( AZT / |
| 496 | Effect of interleukin-2 in diminution of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:160 (abstract no. 496) Chun TW, Engel D, Mizell S, Metcalf J, Hallahan C, Kovacs J, Davey R, Dybul M, Mican J, Lane C, Fauci A; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. The presence of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV-1 has been demonstrated in infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This latent reservoir of virus resides in the metabolically resting CD4+ T cell compartment with an extremely long half-life |
| 497 | Overcoming 70 million years of evolution: developing a transgenic mouse model for HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:161 (abstract no. 497) Kewalramani V, Unutmaz D, Weiy P, Ellmeier W, Jonesy K, Littman D; New York University Medical Center, New York. A detailed understanding of immune function during HIV-1 infection has been compromised by the absence of a well characterized model system. Mice provide an attractive candidate system for HIV-1 infection given the understanding of their immune function is unparalleled, the ease with which mice can be genetically manip |
| 498 | HIV-1 and -chemokine inhibitory activities of anti-CCR5 antibodies map to distinct CCR5 epitopes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:161 (abstract no. 498) Olson W, Nagashima K, Tran D, Anselma D, Zhao L, Maddon P, Dragic T; Progenics Pharmacology Inc., Tarrytown, NY. Anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with HIV-1 inhibitory activity were generated by immunizing balb/c mice with human CCR5-transfected murine L1.2 cells. Hybridomas were generated via standard methods and selected for their ability to inhibit membrane fusion mediated by the HIV-1 envelope protein (env) of R5 but no |
| 499 | HIV-1 entry into macrophages through CXCR4 or CCR5: two mechanisms of dual-tropism for HIV-1 primary isolates. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:161 (abstract no. 499) Yi Y, Williams DA, Collman RG; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. CCR5 is the principal co-receptor on macrophages for infection by macrophage (M)-tropic HIV-1 isolates, and macrophages homozygous for the CCR5 deletion allele (DELTA/DELTA) are resistant to M-tropic HIV-1. However, we recently showed that CXCR4 is expressed on macrophages and supports infection by a dual-tropic strain |
| 500 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:161 (abstract no. 500) |
| 501 | CD4-dependent and independent infection by primary HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains: effect of coreceptor-use and influence on the infection of primary human fetal brain cultures. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:161 (abstract no. 501) Reeves JD, Hibbitts S, Simmons G, McKnight A, Moniz-Pereira J, Clapham PR; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. HIV and SIV entry into cells is generally mediated by CD4 and a 7-transmembrane coreceptor. While HIV-1 strains seem tightly dependent on CD4 for infection, HIV-2 strains can be adapted to infect CXCR4+ CD4- cell lines. Here, we have investigated if primary HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains can infect coreceptor+ CD4- cell lines |
| 502 | Dissection of CCR5 chemokine and coreceptor function and identification of distinct conformational states by monoclonal antibodies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:162 (abstract no. 502) Lee B, Sharron M, Blainpai C, Doranz B, Vakili J, Seto P, Parmentier M, Chang CN, Tsang M, Doms R; Hospital of the University of Pennsylania, Philadelphia. We have mapped the epitope specificities of 18 anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and have used their fine specificities to dissect the structural determinants of CCR5 required for chemokine and Env binding and for inducing conformational changes in Env that lead to membrane fusion. The epitope specificities of th |
| 503 | Use of coreceptors other than CCR5 by non-syncytium including adult and pediatric isolates of HIV-1 is rare in vitro. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:162 (abstract no. 503) Zhang YJ, Dragic T, Cao YZ, Kostrikis L, Kwon DS, Littman DR, Kewalramani VN, Moore JP; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York. We have addressed whether many different 7-TM receptors can be efficient coreceptors for HIV-1 primary isolates in vitro, or only CCR5 and/or CXCR4. A panel of pediatric and adult isolates was tested for their replicative capacity in GHOST (HOS) or U87-MG cells transfected to express CD4 and one of the following potent |
| 504 | CD4/coreceptor interactions of individual subunits within the HIV Env oligomer: evidence based on complementation between different Env mutants. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:162 (abstract no. 504) Salzwedel K, Berger E; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. We are seeking to unravel the relationship between interactions with CD4 and coreceptors in the context of the trimeric structure of Env. We have demonstrated, using a quantitative gain-of-function cell-cell fusion assay, that two different inactive HIV Env mutants coexpressed within the same cell can functionally comp |
| 505 | Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by rantes is independent of the mechanism of virus-cell fusion. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:162 (abstract no. 505) Gordon C, Muesing M, Proudfoot AE, Power CA, Moore JP, Trkola A; The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York. We have studied the effects of CC-chemokines on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, focussing on the infectivity enhancement caused by RANTES. High RANTES concentrations increase the infectivity of HIV-1 isolates that use CXCR4 for entry. However, RANTES can have a similar enhancing effect on macroph |
| 506 | Resistance to a drug blocking human immunodefiency virus type-1 is conferred by gp41. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:162 (abstract no. 506) Labrosse B, Treboute C, Alizon M; I.C.G.M. Paris, France. RPR103611, a triterpene derived from betulinic acid, blocks the infection of CD4+ cells by the HIV-1 LAI strain and cell-cell fusion mediated by its envelope proteins (Env, gp120/gp41). In contrast, HIV-1 NDK, HIV-2, and macrophage-tropic primary HIV-1 strains, are fully resistant to neutralization by RPR103611. Kineti |
| 507 | Recruitment of cyclin T/P-TEFb is necessary and sufficient for transactivation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:163 (abstract no. 507) Bieniasz PD, Grdina TA, Bogerd HP, Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham, NC. Human cyclin T1 hCycT1 and its associated kinase, CDK9 have been proposed to comprise a coactivator complex for HIV-1 Tat. Using a combination of 2 and 3-hybrid analysis in yeast and transfection experiments in mamalian cells, we show that both hCycT1 and its murine homologue (mCycT1) interact specifically with the act |
| 508 | Role of matrix in HIV-1 replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:163 (abstract no. 508) Reil H, Bukovsky A, Paillart J, Dorfman T, Gottlinger H; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. Matrix (MA), a major structural protein of the mature HIV-1 virion, has been implicated in the plasma membrane targeting of the Gag precursor, in the incorporation of the envelope glycoproteins into virions, and in the nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex in nondividing cells such as macrophages. Surprisi |
| 509 | HIV-1 Nef activates pak kinase in infected human primary macrophages. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:163 (abstract no. 509) Brown A, Sawai E, Cheng-Mayer C; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York. We have initiated studies to investigate Nef function in human primary macrophages. We have found, in in vitro kinase assays performed on Nef immunoprecipitates from SF162 infected primary macrophages, that Nef also interacts with PAK1 (p62) in this cell type. Nef/PAK interaction leads to the phosphorylation of the kin |
| 510 | A dileucine-based sorting motif within nef of HIV-1 is required for optimal viral infectivity and CD4 downregulation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:163 (abstract no. 510) Craig HM, Reddy TR, Pandori MW, Guatelli JC; University of California, San Diego. The Nef protein of primate lentiviruses downregulates surface expression of CD4 by targeting this protein to lysosomes. Although a variety of evidence suggests that Nef interacts directly with the cellular protein sorting machinery, until recently, a sorting motif had not yet been identified within Nef of HIV-1. Using |
| 511 | Interaction of HIV-1 Vpr with the cell cycle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:163 (abstract no. 511) Goh WC, Piwnica-Worms H, Emerman M; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. The vpr gene of HIV-1 encodes a nuclear protein which prevents infected cells from passing through mitosis by arresting them in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, a property that is conserved among the Vpr proteins of primate lentiviruses. We have previously shown that viral replication is increased in the G2 phase of the |
| 512 | Interaction of Vpr with uracil DNA glycosylase influences the in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:164 (abstract no. 512) Selig L, Benichou S, Benarous R; Ohio State University, Columbus. A previously described system has been used to study the in vivo forward rate of mutation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The vector system consists of a HIV-1 shuttle vector and two helper plasmids: a HIV-1 gag-pol expression plasmid and an env expression plasmid. The viral shuttle vector contains the |
| 513 | Deletions within the dimerization initiation site of HIV-1 can be compensated by three distinct point mutations within gag. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:164 (abstract no. 513) Liang C, Rong L, Cherry E, Wainberg MA; McGill AIDS Center/Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. An RNA stem-loop structure (+240-+270), located at the 5 end of the HIV-1 non-coding RNA leader region, is thought to function as the viral RNA dimerization initiation site (DIS). To further study this subject, we altered this RNA structure through construction of two deletion mutations, BH10-LD3 and BH10-LD4 (deletion |
| 514 | Modulation of gene expression as monitored by high-density oligonucleotide arrays for the inoculation of HIV-1 upon T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:164 (abstract no. 514) Corbeil J, Sheeter D, Huang D, Richman DD, Gingeras T; University of California, San Diego. High-density oligonucleotide arrays have been applied to the analyses of large segments of nucleotide sequences using a single hybridization step. GeneChip technology offers sensitivity of detection of mRNA from 1 to 5 copies per cells and reproducible quantitation of levels of expression for thousands of specific mRNA |
| 515 | Increased removal of incorporated AZTMP through dinucleoside polyphosphate synthesis by reverse transcriptase from AZT-resistant HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:164 (abstract no. 515) Meyer PR, Matsuura SE, Mian AM, So AG, Scott WA; University of Miami, FL. We have recently described a novel, nucleotide-dependent activity of HIV-1 RT that can remove the terminal residue from a blocked primer. This occurs through formation of dinucleoside polyphosphate in a reaction related to pyrophosphorolysis. Our results suggested a mechanism by which chain-terminated primers could be |
| 516 | Identification and characterization of cellular genes supporting HIV-1 life cycle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:164 (abstract no. 516) Dunn SJ, Sharma V, Iakoubov LZ, Simone JM, Tavassoli R, Holzmayer T; PPD Discovery, Menlo Park, CA. Interaction of a virus with a host cell involves specific steps, including binding to a receptor(s), translocation through the cellular membrane, uncoating, replication of the genome, and expression of the viral genes. Identification of such interactions should result in a better understanding of the pathogen life cycl |
| 517 | Transcription factors Oct-2 and GATA1 upregulate CCR5 promoter activity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:165 (abstract no. 517) Moriuchi M, Moriuchi H, Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. The regulation of expression of chemokine receptors plays a role in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Certain chemokine receptors also serve as coreceptors for HIV-1 entry. Most primary isolates of HIV-1 utilize the CC chemokine receptor CCR5 to enter target cells. Thus, the expression of CCR5 and its regul |
| 518 | The chemokine receptor CXCR-4 is down regulated in HIV-infected individuals and after in vitro HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:165 (abstract no. 518) Coughlin C, Marshall JD, Montaner L, Kosman J, Chehimi J; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA. There is evidence that chemokines, which direct the trafficking of white blood cells in immune surveillance, and their receptors, play an important role in HIV infection. Chemokine receptors also serve as co-receptors for HIV entry and may influence susceptibility to infection and the rate of disease progression in the |
| 519 | Upregulation of CD4 and CXCR4 expression on CD40-activated B lymphocytes correlates with susceptibility to CXCR4-using strains of HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:165 (abstract no. 519) Moir S, Malaspina A, Lapointe R, Ostrowski M, Justement S, Mizell S, Hwu P, Fauci AS; National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. HIV-1 replicates primarily in lymphoid tissues where virus has ready access to activated immune cells. Interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells involving CD40 and CD40L respectively contribute to this hyperactivity. We studied soluble CD40L/IL-4-mediated proliferation of PBMC-derived B cells in vitro. |
| 520 | Differential role of Th1 and Th2 cells as targets of HIV replication. Usage of CXCR4 determines a post-entry restriction of viral spreading. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:165 (abstract no. 520) Vicenzi E, Panina-Bordignon P, Biswas P, Cota M, Sinigaglla F, Poli G; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy. Macrophage-tropic strains using CCR5 as entry coreceptor predominate during early HIV disease, whereas T-lymphotropic strains utilizing CXCR4 either alone or in combination with CC chemokine receptors, typically emerge later in disease progression. Here we report that R5 HIVs, but not X4 HIVs efficiently replicate in T |
| 521 | Central role of CCR5 as a coreceptor in tissue infection by HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:165 (abstract no. 521) Chan SY, Speck RF, Power C, Gaffen SL, Chesebro B, Goldsmith MA; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Binding of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to both CD4 and a coreceptor permits entry of virus into target cells. Infection of tissues may establish latent viral reservoirs as well as cause direct pathologic effects that manifest as clinical disease such as HIV-associated dementia (HIVD). We sought to identif |
| 522 | The formation of a complex between CXCR4, CD4 and X4 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is inhibited in resistant to infection and fusion promonocytic U937 cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:166 (abstract no. 522) Xiao X, Norwood D, Feng Y, Moriuchi H, Moriuchi M, Earl P, Broder CC, Fauci AS, Dimitrov DS; NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD. We have previously reported that certain subclones of U937 cells (minus clones) do not support infection and fusion mediated by X4 HIV-1 strains (J. Virol., 71:9664). Based on our previous observation that gp120 from X4 HIV-1 strains forms a complex with CD4 and CXCR4 (Science, 274:602) we hypothesized that the mechani |
| 523 | CCR5 coreceptor utilization involves conserved and variable V3 residues of HIV-1 gp120. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:166 (abstract no. 523) Wang WK, Dudek T, Essex M, Lee TH; National Taiwan University, Taipei. Crystallographic characterization of a complex containing HIV-1 gp120 core, in conjunction with a related genetic study, recently mapped several conserved residues in a region bridging the inner and outer domains of gp120 as important for CCR5 coreceptor utilization. The V3 of gp120 has been known to be a domain indisp |
| 524 | Staining of cell surface CCR5 and CXCR4 with fluorescently labeled CD4/env complexes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:166 (abstract no. 524) Kwon DS, Hill CM, Littman DR; Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York. Chemokine receptors are seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors that have been identified as necessary cofactors, along with CD4, for HIV infection. Viruses that are detected during the asymptomatic stages of disease predominantly use the chemokine receptor CCR5 (R5 tropic), while isolates that appear later oft |
| 525 | SDF-1 derived peptides blocking HIV entry via CXCR4. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:166 (abstract no. 525) Heveker N, Richardson J, Montes M, Trautmann A, Germeroth L, Alizon M, Schneider-Mergener J; Institute Cochin de Genetique Moleculaire, Paris, France. CXCR4 serves as an entry cofactor for HIV-1 into target cells in vivo and represents an important target for antiviral therapeutic approaches. We have previously described the antiviral effect of peptides derived from the N-terminus of the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1, including the characteristic CXC-motif, and found that the a |
| 526 | Effect of mutations in the second extracellular loop of CXCR4 on HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:166 (abstract no. 526) Brelot A, Heveker N, Alizon M; ICGM, Paris, France. The human CXCR4 chemokine receptor is a CD4-associated coreceptor for T-cell line-adapted HIV-1 strains such as LAI and NDK, and for some primary dual tropic HIV-1 isolates such as 89.6. Expression of the rat CXCR4 in U373MG-CD4 cells allowed their infection by HIV-1(LAI), but not by HIV-1(NDK) or HIV-1(89.6). Experime |
| 527 | Molecular characterization of enhancement of CCR5- and CXCR4-dependent entry mediated by soluble CD4. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:166 (abstract no. 527) Esser U, Speck R, Sweet R, Goldsmith MA; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. The surface receptor CD4 is utilized by HIV-1 in conjunction with cellular chemokine receptors for cellular entry. We describe here the use of soluble CD4 (sCD4) in trans for HIV-1 viral entry into CD4-negative cells expressing CCR5 or CXCR4. We found that the macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strain Ba-L infects 293 cells stabl |
| 528 | V3 peptides corresponding to T-tropic HIV-1 can directly bind to CXCR4 and inhibit T-tropic HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:167 (abstract no. 528) Hori T, Sakaida H, Yonezawa A, Hattor T, Sato A, Isaka Y, Yoshie O, Uchiyama T; Kyoto University, Japan. Entry of HIV-1 is initiated by interaction of the envelope protein gp120 with CD4 and one of the relevant chemokine receptors. Although the V3 region of gp120 is speculated to be involved in interaction with chemokine receptors, it is still unclear if the V3 region can directly bind to them. In the present study, we ad |
| 529 | Differentiation of monocytes to macrophages but not to immature and mature dendritic cells leads to a high level of HIV-1(bal) production, despite of a low level of chemokine receptor, ccr5. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:167 (abstract no. 529) Yokota YT, Kato T, Tamura H, Souda Y, Yasuda S, Akagawa K, Takemori T; Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. Monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs) were susceptible to HIV-1(Lai) infection, but the infection was non-productive. Upon stimulation with PPD (purified protein derivative) antigen, infected DCs efficiently transmit virus to T cells and marked virus production was induced. We found that PPD induced maturatio |
| 530 | Ability to use CCR5 and CCR3 gives HIV isolates a replication advantage in macrophages. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:167 (abstract no. 530) Lathey JL, Brambilla D, Nokta M, Rasheed S, Siwak E, Goodenow M, Bremer JW, Ladd B, Reichelderfer P, Collman R; A monocyte-derived-macrophage (MDM) culture assay was used to define the growth kinetics of HIV isolates. Ten day old MDM s were infected with HIV. Supernatants were collected and assayed for HIV p24 on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 postinfection (PI). In this assay, SF(162) (macrophage tropic, NSI) produced increasing amounts |
| 531 | Tissue macrophages release -chemokines which block HIV-1 infection when exposed to sulphated dextrins. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:167 (abstract no. 531) Thornton M, Krausz T, Ryder T, Shaunak S; Imperial College School of Medicine at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. We have studied the effect of sulphated polymers on the release of -chemokines and cytokines from human primary cell types. Tissue macrophages were cultured with sulphated dextrins for several days and the supernatants assayed for MIP-1alpha, MIP-1, TNF-alpha and IL-10. The internalisation of sulph |
| 532 | CXCR4-specific strains of HIV-1 may be preferentially eliminated during antiviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:167 (abstract no. 532) Philpott S, Burger H, Anastos K, Robison E, Meyer W, Brunner C, Weiser B; Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 serve as co-receptors for HIV-1 entry into cells. Changes in co-receptor use influence viral tropism and pathogenesis. Soon after infection, the majority of primary HIV-1 isolates use CCR5 (R5 viruses). Later, syncytium-inducing CXCR4-specific strains (X4 viruses) often emerge. Se |
| 533 | Population genetics suggests interactions between CD4 and CCR5 in the natural host of SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:167 (abstract no. 533) Palacios E, Goldburt N, Bandrapalli N, Lin J, Feinberg M, McClure H, Grant R; Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA. Sooty mangabeys monkeys (C. torquatus atys) are naturally and non-pathogenically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsmm) in the wild and in primate colonies. Fomsgaard, et. al. previously reported two CD4 protein variants in sooty mangabeys that differ at four residues including one substitution in the CDR |
| 534 | Cells producing cytokines and chemokines in HIV-replicating lymph nodes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:168 (abstract no. 534) Trumpfheller C, Frosch S, Racz P, Tenner-Racz K, Fleischer B; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. Although chemokines can influence HIV-replication there are only few data concerning cytokine and chemokine producing cells in HIV-1 infected lymph nodes. To get more information about the localization of IFN-gamma, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-4, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, specific mRNA producing cells were analyzed |
| 535 | Cytokine response following T cell activation in HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:168 (abstract no. 535) Tateyama M, Lian Z, Sakaida H, Bakshi S, Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY. To evaluate cytokine responses of HIV-infected children to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 or p24 antigen stimulation. PBMC from 31 HIV-1 infected children and 6 healthy donors were stimulated in vitro with mAb to CD3 and CD28 (CD3/CD28), or HIV p24 antigen. Results: Lymphocytes expressing CD69 were 37.5+9 |
| 536 | Regulation of CXCR4 in T lymphocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:168 (abstract no. 536) Bermejo M, Martin-Serrano J, Pedraza MA, Loetscher P, Baggiolini M, Arenzana F, Alcami J; Centro de investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Objectives To analyze the expression and regulation of CXCR4 in resting and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and their relevance in HIV propagation in vitro . Methods PBLs were activated with PHA (3 microliters/ml), soluble OKT3 antibody (1:1000), PMA (25ng/ml), SEA (20ng/ml) or SDF-1 (200 nM). Membrane and cyto |
| 537 | CXCR4 tropism is sufficient to trigger CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV-1-infected human lymphoid tissue. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:168 (abstract no. 537) Penn ML, Grivel J, Schramm B, Margolis L, Goldsmith MA; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. The human chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the predominant cofactors along with CD4 for cellular entry of HIV-1, whereas the contribution of other chemokine receptors to HIV disease has not been yet determined. CCR5-tropic (R5) viruses predominate during primary HIV-1 infection while viruses with expanded tropism |
| 538 | Biological consequences of chemokine receptor polarization on TH1 and TH2 cells from individuals wild-type for CCR5 or homozygous for the delta32 CCR5 allele. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:168 (abstract no. 538) Lee B, Bailer R, Rucker J, Kostman J, Tsang M, Doms R, Montaner L; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA. In this report we sought to determine if PBMCs from individuals who lack CCR5 could polarize equivalently to TH1 and TH2 subtypes, and to quantify the amount of the major HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, on TH1 and TH2 cells. We found that PBMCs from individuals homozygous for either the wild-type CCR5 gene or the DE |
| 539 | HIV-1 inhibits macrophage-dependent CC-chemokine production by T cells via a mechanism involving induction of TGFbeta and downregulation of B7-1 expression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:169 (abstract no. 539) Sherry B, Dubrovsky L, Bukrinsky M; The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY. CC-Chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta) are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 entry into the CD4+ T cells, and are believed to play a role in defense responses of the immune cells to HIV-1 infection. In this report, we demonstrate that direct contact between primed T cells and macrophages leads to high-level product |
| 540 | Differential effects of IL-4 and TNFα on HIV-1 expression depend on coreceptor usage. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:169 (abstract no. 540) Valentin A, Lu W, Pavlakis GN; Human Retrovirus Section, ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-FCR&DC, Frederick, MD. The main HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are expressed in different subsets of T lymphocytes. Cytokines have profound and complex effects on coreceptor expression as well as on HIV-1 replication. Some cytokines affect HIV differentially, depending on the coreceptor usage. We have previously shown that IL-4 different |
| 541 | The mannose receptor and CCR5 are involved in IFN-a induction by M-tropic HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:169 (abstract no. 541) Benyoucef S, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Two populations of PBMC respond to virus with IFN-a production: the first is identical to the lymphoid dendritic cell and responds to HSV and other viruses. The second is the monocyte, which produces IFN-a in response to Sendai virus. Patients with HIV exhibit an early, progressive deficiency in HSV-induced IFN-a produ |
| 542 | IL-13 complements with TNF-alpha to inhibit dual tropic HIV infection of primary macrophages by reducing surface expression of CD4, CCR5, CXCR4 and post-fusion viral transcription. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:169 (abstract no. 542) Lee B, Bailer R, Kostman J, Doms R, Montaner L; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA. IL-13, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is a potential immuno-therapeutic agent in HIV-1 infection based on its inhibitory effects on HIV-1 infection of macrophages. TNF-alpha, an inflammarory mediator secreted in excess during chronic inflammatory states like HIV-1 infection, has been a target for potential anti-HIV-1 t |
| 543 | Cytokine effects on CD40 ligand stimulation of macrophages to produce HIV-suppressive -chemokines. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:169 (abstract no. 543) Kornbluth RS, Kee K, Richman DD; University of California, San Diego. We previously reported that contact with CD40L-expressing cells stimulates macrophages to produce large amounts of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1, and RANTES, which in turn suppress the replication of NSI HIV-1 in CD4+ T cells (PNAS 95: 5205-5210,1998). Other reports indicate that CD40L also induces macrophages and dendritic cells |
| 544 | The antiviral activity of recombinant CD40L: a role for caspase-3 processing of interleukin-16. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:169 (abstract no. 544) Lee M, Adams J, Bucur S, Gillespie T, Barker A, Thomas E, Hillyer C; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. The ability of HIV-infected individuals to express CD40L appears to be impaired and the lack of CD40L expression may contribute to the onset of AIDS-related lymphoma . To evaluate the role of soluble recombinant trimeric human CD40L (huCD40L) in an SIV macaque model in vitro, we determined its effect on 1) cell prolife |
| 545 | Interleukin-16 (IL-16) inhibits HIV replication in cells from infected subjects and serum IL-16 levels drop with disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:170 (abstract no. 545) Amiel C, Darcissac E, Truong MJ, Dewulf J, Loyens M, Mouton Y, Capron A, Bahr GM; Institute Pasteur de Lille, France. The role of recombinant interleukin-16 (rIL-16) in regulating HIV-1 replication in endogenously infected cells has been investigated. Cultures of CD8-depleted mitogen-activated lymphocytes from 22 out of 26 HIV-1-infected subjects presented variable levels of secreted p24 antigen. The presence of rIL-16 throughout the |
| 546 | Constitutive activation of a truncated STAT5 isoform upon HIV infection in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:170 (abstract no. 546) Bovolenta C, Camorali L, Vicenzi E, Lazzarin A, Poli G; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy. Many biological functions of the immune system, such as host defence, are regulated by cytokines, which generate their effects by the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Although profound alterations of cytokine expression have been reported in HIV disease |
| 547 | The chemokines IP-10 and lymphotactin enhance HIV-1 long terminal repeat mediated gene expression in monocytic cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:170 (abstract no. 547) Copeland KF, Fransen S, Emtage P, Palmer K, McKay P, Gauldie J, Rosenthal KL; McMaster University Health Science Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. We previously demonstrated that soluble factors from CD8+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals significantly enhanced HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-mediated gene expression and replication in monocyte/macrophages. Further, these effects were not mediated by RANTES, MIP-1alpha, or MIP-1. More recently, we demonstrated |
| 548 | Chemokine regulation of HIV-gp120-induced human B lymphocyte function by SDF-1 via a TH2-type response. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:170 (abstract no. 548) Patke C, Shearer W; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston. HIV-infected individuals exhibit dysfunctional B cell regulation and increased levels of TH2-type cytokine production. Chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4, are co-receptors involved in HIV infection. We have previously demonstrated a direct effect on B cell function by recombinant HIV-gp120. We present evidence of chemo |
| 549 | Determinant in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 for efficient replication in cytokine induced CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type conditions. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:170 (abstract no. 549) Suzuki Y, Koyanagi Y, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto N; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Virology, Tokyo, Japan. Potent stimuli for CD4+ T cell differentiation are cytokines. Among them, IL-12 or IL-4 induce naïve CD4+ T cells to T helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 cells, respectively. In this study we found that macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 strains more efficiently replicated in interleukin 12 (IL-12) induced Th1-type culture derived |
| 550 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:170 (abstract no. 550) |
| 551 | Quantification of CD4, CCR5, CXCR4, and STRL33 levels on differentially conditioned monocyte-derived macrophages, various subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes and CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:171 (abstract no. 551) Lee B, Sharron M, Majka M, Ratajczak M, Tsang M, Montaner L, Weissman D, Doms R; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. There is evidence that a threshold number of CD4 and chemokine receptor molecules is required to trigger productive viral-cell membrane fusion. Therefore, we sought to quantify the number of CD4 and coreceptor (CCR5, CXCR4, and STRL33) molecules on potential targets of HIV infection by using a quantitative FACS assay. |
| 552 | Inhibition of HIV-1 early viral life cycle events by CD8+ cell supernatant. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:171 (abstract no. 552) Mosoian A, Cara A, Teixeira A, Klotman ME; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York. CD8+ cell supernatants inhibit HIV-1 by b-chemokines as well as additional inhibitory factors. To further characterize and identify these factors we established Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)-transformed CD8+ cell lines from HIV-1 infected children as well as normal donors that had potent and broad HIV-1 inhibitory activity |
| 553 | Treatment during primary HIV infection stabilizes the T-cell receptor repertoire in CD8+ memory T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:171 (abstract no. 553) Routy JP, Rassouli M, Ringuette N, Lacaille J, Savard S, Markowitz M, Conway B, Sekaly RP; Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec. Oligoclonal expansions in the Vb repertoire of HIV-specific CD8+ TCRs are reported in total lymphocyte populations during PHI. To determine the longitudinal TCR perturbations in memory (CDRO+CD62L-) and naïve (CD45RA+CD62L+) CD4+ and CD8+ cells in treated and untreated patients (pts) during PHI. |
| 554 | Phenotypic identification of CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes in TCR V beta expansions in primary HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:171 (abstract no. 554) Zaunders J, Jaramillo A, Kaufmann G, Cooper DA; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) contribute to control of viremia in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI). We examined T lymphocytes from PHI patients for expression of perforin, an important effector molecule in CTL. Peripheral blood samples from 20 symptomatic PHI patients and 37 HIV-1 negative controls were stained for cell s |
| 555 | Impact of HAART on the diversity of the TCR beta chain repertoire and the persistence of HIV-specific CTL responses during and following primary HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:172 (abstract no. 555) Soudeyns H, Lenge C, Rizzardi GP, Campi G, Kaufmann D, Corey L, Casorati G, Pantaleo G; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Transient oligoclonal expansions of HIV-specific CTL are frequently observed in patients during primary HIV infection (PI), and are associated with clonal exhaustion of HIV-specific CD8+ CTL clones. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during PI resulted in a more rapid stabilization of the TCR beta chain reperto |
| 556 | Dynamic changes in an activated CD8 cell subset in response to fluctuations in viral load during acute primary HIV infection and subsequent therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:172 (abstract no. 556) Little S, Havlir D, McLean A, Richman D, Spina C; University of California, San Diego. To determine the relationship(s) between immune cell responses and the level of viral replication in primary HIV infection, we have studied a cohort of patients during acute HIV infection, seroconversion, and subsequent treatment with HAART. Nine patients were followed serially for periods ranging from 5 to 28 months. |
| 557 | Differential T lymphocyte responses in acute HIV infection: a comparison of lymph node and blood. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:172 (abstract no. 557) King D, Easterbrook P, Amjadi P, Larsson-Sciard E; Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. During primary HIV infection high CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) precursor frequencies in the blood are common. However the majority of the viral replication takes place in lymphoid organs, which are the primary sites in which T cells encounter HIV antigens. Objective. This study was conducted to identify the |
| 558 | Conformationally-intact inactivated SIV virions as an antigen to monitor specific proliferative responses to SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:172 (abstract no. 558) Rossio J, Schneider D, Coalter V, Kiser R, Desrosiers R, Arthur L, Lifson J; AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC Frederick, NCI-FCRDC, MD. Recent studies of HIV infected patients have underscored the association of strong proliferative responses to HIV antigens with a favorable clinical course. However, little is known about the development of these responses in primary infection. SIV infection of macaques is an excellent way to study primary retroviral i |
| 559 | Symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection (PHI): correlation with risk factors, viremia and T cell subset. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:172 (abstract no. 559) Routy JP, Vanhems P, Savard S, Rouleau D, Lefevre E, Laplante F, LeBlanc R, Tsoukas C, Conway B, Sekaly R; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. To test the hypothesis that risk factors MSM and IVDU, initial viremia and T cell subsets differ among patient (pts) experiencing PHI. Method: A prospective study of seroconvertors recruited pts from 2 HIV high risk cohorts (MSM and IVDU) and from 6 HIV/AIDS units in Montreal. The comparisons were assessed |
| 560 | Meta-analysis of host genetic effects on HIV disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:173 (abstract no. 560) Ioannidis J, Rosenberg P, Goedert J, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, O'Brien T; HIV Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Results from studies of host genetics and HIV disease progression are inconsistent and controversial. We, therefore, have organized an international meta-analysis of these studies. We have developed and distributed a standardized protocol for collection and analysis of individual patient data for t |
| 561 | Cofactors for HIV disease progression in a cohort of homosexual men with well-defined HIV seroconversion dates. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:173 (abstract no. 561) Vittinghoff E, Colfax G, Hessol N, Bacchetti P, Holmberg S, Buchbinder S; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. To evaluate cofactors for progression of HIV infection to AIDS, specific AIDS diagnoses, and death, we identified 370 men with well-defined HIV-1 seroconversion dates and cofactor data among participants in the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort Study. AIDS diagnoses and death were determined by cross-matches with local |
| 562 | Immunological and virological characterization of individuals with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection in a hemophilia cohort. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:173 (abstract no. 562) Greenough T, Brettler D, Kirchhoff F, Alexander L, Desrosiers R, Somasundaran M, Luzuriaga K, Sullivan JL; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Germany. Seven long-term (> 15 years) non-progressors (LTNP) have been identified in a cohort of 128 HIV-1 infected individuals with hemophilia. Studies included longitudinal analyses of lymphocyte surface markers, quantitation of virus by PCR, characterization of primary virus isolates in vitro, and measurement of virus-specif |
| 563 | Interaction of chemokine receptor polymorphisms and HIV disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:173 (abstract no. 563) Easterbrook PJ, Rostrom T, Ives NJ, Troop M, Gazzard BG, Rowland-Jones S; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK. To determine the role of polymorphisms in the co-receptors: CCKR2b, SDF-1 and in the promoter region of CKR5, on HIV-1 disease progression in a UK Caucasian population, and in particular their impact on delayed HIV disease progression. 132 HIV-infected white European patients were categorised into |
| 564 | Evolution of coreceptor use during progression in the absence of SI HIV-1 and during transition from NSI to SI HIV-1 phenotype. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:173 (abstract no. 564) van Rij RP, de Roda Husman AM, Schuitemaker H; CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: 31-20-5123310, E-mail: J_Schuitemaker@CLB.nl. In agreement with the association between SI HIV-1 and a progressive clinical course, a shift from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use has been associated with disease progression. However, 50% of AIDS patients carry only NSI HIV-1. These late stage NSI HIV-1 are preferentially T-cell tropic, rapidly replicating and giving ri |
| 565 | Polymorphisms of genes in HLA class I and CCR regions strongly predict HIV viral load 1 year after seroconversion in the multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:174 (abstract no. 565) Kaslow RA, Carrington M, Tang J, Yee L, Enger C, Mellors J; University of Alabama, Birmingham. To assess the influence of polymorphisms in HLA, TAP, CCR & SDF-1 genes on HIV viral load (VL) at 1 year post-seroconversion. In 170 homosexual men who seroconverted between 2 semiannual evaluations, we averaged VL (Roche) at 9- and 15-month visits and molecularly typed men at HLA class I and II |
| 566 | Levels of CCR5 expressed on antigen presenting cells from wt-CCR5 homozygous and delta32-CCR5 heterozygous individuals are not a limiting factor for HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:174 (abstract no. 566) Carotenuto P, Pontesilli O, de Waal LP, Goudsmit J; Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Heterozygosity for DELTA32-CCR5 genotype is associated with lower expression of CCR5 on resting and in vitro activated CD4+ T lymphocytes as compared to wild type CCR5 (wt-CCR5) homozygous cells. To investigate whether CCR5 expression patterns analogous to those seen on T lymphocytes are seen on professional antigen pr |
| 567 | Upregulation of CCR5 gene expression in PBMC from HIV-1 infected patients: correlation with disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:174 (abstract no. 567) Li XD, Nichols J, Mangle-Arnold LL, McVey ZD, Pollard RB, Nokta MA; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. CXCR4 and CCR5 have been identified as co-receptors for HIV-1 infection. In this report, the co-receptor expression on PBMCs from 49 HIV-infected patients and 20 HIV-negative healthy controls were examined by three-color flow cytometry. Among the patients studied, 20 had plasma virus load |
| 568 | CCR5 and SDF-1 polymorphism in HIV-1 infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:174 (abstract no. 568) Balotta C, Bagnarelli P, Violin M, Corvasce S, Papagno L, Mazzucchelli R, Riva C, Velleca R, Clementi M, Galli M, Moroni M; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy. Both CCR5 and SDF-1 gene polymorphisms have been linked to a delayed progression of HIV-1 disease. Aim of this study was to analyze CCR5 and SDF-1 allelic status in a consecutive serie of virologically characterized HIV-1 population. CCR5 and SDF-1 genes were analyzed by PCR and FRLP-PCR, respectively. HIV-1 phenotype |
| 569 | Influence of CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 genetic polymorphisms on HIV-1 disease progression in childhood. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:174 (abstract no. 569) Mangano A, Kopka J, Batalla M, Bologna R, Sen L; Hospital de Pediatria "J. P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of CCR5-32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 A alleles on the clinical outcome of 299 vertically HIV-1 infected children. CCR5, CCR2 and SDF1-3 A sequences were amplified from cells lysates by PCR or PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism). Kaplan-Meier curves of time to |
| 570 | Global distribution and origin of the CCR2-64I/CCR5-59653-T HIV disease-protective haplotype. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:174 (abstract no. 570) Kostrikis LG, Martinson JJ; The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York. Mutations in the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2, which function as HIV-1 co-receptors, are associated with HIV disease. The CCR5-D32 mutation, which confers strong resistance to HIV infection in homozygotes, is common (15%) in Northern Europe, but almost absent elsewhere; it is estimated to have arisen between 700 a |
| 571 | Genetic factors affecting the risk of heterosexual HIV transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:175 (abstract no. 571) Lockett SF, Alonso A, Wyld R, Yirrell DL, Leigh Brown AJ; University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Homozygosity for a 32bp deletion (DELTA32) in CCR-5 dramatically reduces the risk of HIV infection in cohorts of homosexual men. Heterozyogosity for this mutation and one in CCR-2 (valine to isoleucine at position 64 (64I)) appears to slow disease progression compared to wild type homozygotes. Several human leucocyte a |
| 572 | Modeling the influence of host genetic factors in HIV epidemics. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:175 (abstract no. 572) Kirschner DE, Sullivan AD; University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor. Using mathematical models of HIV transmission, we explore the impact of host genetic factors on heterosexual HIV epidemics. To exemplify protective allele effects, our models incorporate findings on the 32 base-pair deletion in CCR5 (CCR5 32): CCR5 32/32 homozygosity protects against HIV infection and heter |
| 573 | Incubation time of primary HIV infection (PHI): relationship with disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:175 (abstract no. 573) Vanhems P, Brassard J, Hirschel B, Vizzard J, Cooper DA, Allard R, Perrin L; Lyon-Sud Hospital, France. To investigate the incubation time of PHI (IncPHI) defined from the last known HIV exposure to the onset of PHI. To study the association between 1) the duration of IncPHI with the duration of PHI, and 2) the duration of IncPHI with the disease progression. 82 patients (73% homo/bisexual) with a rel |
| 574 | Short-term prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA in late-stage HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:175 (abstract no. 574) Engels EA, Rosenberg PS, O'Brien TR, Goedert JJ; Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD. Background Serum or plasma levels of HIV RNA measured early in HIV infection provide important information regarding long-term prognosis. Because less is known about the value of measuring viral load later in HIV infection, we examined implications of viral load measured in individuals with CD4 counts below 200/microli |
| 575 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:175 (abstract no. 575) |
| 576 | Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II as prognostic marker of AIDS in HIV patients with advanced immunodepression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:175 (abstract no. 576) Saves M, Morlat P, Chene G, Peuchant E, Dumon B, Bernard N, Lacoste D, Pellegrin I, Nouts C, Salamon R, Beylot J; INSERM U330, Bordeaux, France. The prognostic value of plasma sTNFR-II was described in pts with moderate immunodepression (Stein, JID 1997). We showed the interest of its measurement in more advanced pts after adjustment for CD4+ cell count in a preliminary study (Morlat, ICAAC 1998). Our present objective was to estimate the predictive value of pl |
| 577 | Nef protein of HIV-1 is attachable for a cloned 32 kDa cellular protein bearing PK activity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:176 (abstract no. 577) Otake K, Fujii Y; Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan. We have showed in the 5th conference that extracellular Nef protein attaches to the T cell surface and is incorporated into the T cells. In addition, several groups have suggested the possibility in their reports that extracellular Nef could be associated with cell surface proteins. Although it has been reported that N |
| 578 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:176 (abstract no. 578) |
| 579 | Utilization of an epitope to determine the ratio of gag and Vpr present in virus paritcles directed by HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:176 (abstract no. 579) Singh SP, Cartas M, Serio D, Kalyanaramans VS, Srinivasan A; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA. Human and Simian Immuno Deficiency Viruses (HIV and SIV), have an unique ability to incorporate nonstructural proteins of viral origin in addition to the structural proteins into virus particles like some DNA viruses. It has been shown that HIV-1 incorporates three nonstructural proteins designated Vif, Vpr, and Nef in |
| 580 | HIV-1 viral protein R mediates enhanced replication in primary human CD4+ T-cells by arresting cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:176 (abstract no. 580) Gummuluru R, Emerman M; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. Viral protein R (Vpr) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transiently arrests cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. We show by transient co-transfections of primary human CD4+ T-cells with HIV-1 LTR-luciferase plasmid and a Vpr expression plasmid that there is a 3 - 5 fold increase in luciferase activ |
| 581 | Phosphorylation of HIV-1 Vpr and effect on Vpr biological functions. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:176 (abstract no. 581) Zhou Y, Ratner L; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Phosphorylation is one of the post-translational modification to play an important role in controlling protein function. HIV-1 Vpr is a multi-functional protein. We hypothesized that the different Vpr functions, such as nuclear transport of the HIV-1 preintegration complex, G2 arrest, transactivation, etc., may be perf |
| 582 | Mutational analysis of Vpr-induced G2 arrest, nuclear localization and cell death in fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:177 (abstract no. 582) Chen M, Elder RT, Yu M, O'Gorman MG, Selig L, Benerous R, Yamamoto A, Zhao Y; Children's Memorial Institute of Education and Research, Chicago, IL. Cell cycle G2 arrest, nuclear localization and cell death induced by HIV-1 Vpr were examined in fission yeast using a panel of Vpr mutations that have been studied previously in human cells. The effects of the mutations on Vpr functions are highly conserved between fission yeast and human cells. Consistent with mammali |
| 583 | Functional variations of HIV-1 Vpr in laboratory viral strains. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:177 (abstract no. 583) Yang J, Yu M, Chen M, Elder RT, Zhao Y; Children's Memorial Institute of Education and Research, Chicago, IL. Expression of HIV-1 vpr gene in human and fission yeast cells reveals a number of highly conserved Vpr activities including nuclear localization, induction of cell morphological changes, cell cycle G2 arrest and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests that the functions of HIV-1 Vpr are linked to viral pathogenesis. H |
| 584 | The role of Viral Protein U in HIV-1 particle assembly. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:177 (abstract no. 584) Deora A, Ratner L; Washington University, St. Louis, MO. Viral Protein U (Vpu) is an 18kD phosphoprotein that is unique to HIV-1. Vpu is a bifunctional protein which degrades CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhances particle assembly at the plasma membrane. This study examines the influence of Vpu on viral assembly. Vpu was co-expressed with full-length Gag-Pol in a vac |
| 585 | Amino acids in CD4 cytoplasmic domain which determine the sensitivity for Vpu-dependent proteasomal degradation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4; 6th:177 (abstract no. 585) Fujita K, Imai H, Iikura Y; Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. |