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10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic InfectionsBoston, MA USA - February 10 -14, 2003 |
Cite as: Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 2003 Feb 10-14;10th:Abstract No. xx
| 1 | From HERV to HIV: Evolution of Human Retroviruses Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 1 J Coffin Our results to date imply a large population of replicating virus, which becomes very diverse with time, but is subject to significant purifying selective forces that serve to stabilize the diversity. Implications of these results for the evolution of drug-resistant virus will be discussed. |
| 2 | Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 2 Abstract not available. |
| 3 | Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 3 Abstract not available. |
| 4 | Session 2 - Plenary Lecture: Preventing New HIV Infections in the U.S.: What Can We Hope to Achieve? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 4 Valdiserri RO; CDC, Atlanta, GA It is estimated that between 850,000 and 950,000 persons in America are living with HIV or AIDS. Given the growing number of persons living with HIV in the U.S., medical care providers have an important, ongoing role to play in reinforcing prevention messages and offering diagnosis and treatment for other STDs to "high risk" patients, e.g., those who are not involved in stable monogamous relationships. Recent work has shown that it is possible to improve HIV/STD risk assessment and counseling rates in a "real world" setting with a relatively non-intensive intervention. Given the increasing importance of prevention for HIV seropositives, care providers can make a substantial contribution to reducing new infections and achieving national prevention goals. |
| 5 | Session 3 - Plenary Lecture: HIV Vif and the Evasion of Host Anti-viral Resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 5 Malim MH; King's Coll London, UK The HIV Vif protein is a positive regulator of infection that is essential for virus growth in cultured T-cells. Vif has also been shown to be required for pathogenic lentivirus infections in animal model systems and is, therefore, presumed to be necessary for HIV-induced disease in infected persons. |
| 6 | In Vitro Characterization of Novel Benzophenone Non-nonucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 6 Chan J, Ferris R, Roberts G, Short S, Weaver K, Hazen R, Creech K, Clair MS, Dornsife R, Freeman G, Tidwell J, Romines K, Schaller L, Cowan J, Boone L Benzophenone analogues GW4751, GW4511, and GW3011 are potent new NNRTIs active against both wild-type virus and a broad-spectrum of NNRTI-associated mutant viruses including those known to be highly resistant to currently available NNRTIs. The mutations selected during passage with GW4511 are known to be associated with NNRTI resistance. |
| 7 | RO033-4649: A New HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Designed for Both Activity Against Resistant Virus Isolates and Favorable Pharmacokinetic Properties. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 7 Cammack N, Swallow S, Heilek-Snyder G, Lie Y, Parkin N, Kohli A RO033-4649 is a potent and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor with promising activity against PI-resistant HIV isolates. Phase I clinical evaluation has commenced. |
| 8 | First Clinical Results on Antiretroviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of TMC114, an HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor, in Multiple PI-experienced Patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 8 Arasteh K, Clumeck N, Pozniak A, Jaeger H, Pauw MD, Muller H, Peeters M, Hoetelmans R, Meyer SD, van der Sandt I, Comhaire S, van der Geest R TMC114/r exhibited potent antiretroviral activity and favorable pharmacokinetics when given for 14 days to multiple PI-experienced pts currently failing a PI-containing regimen. For the TMC114/r arms, maximum and median changes in HIV-1 RNA (log10) were -2.49 and -1.35 copies/ml, respectively. TMC114/r was generally well tolerated. |
| 9 | Pyranodipyrimidines: A New Class of HIV Integrase Inhibitors that Block Viral Replication in Cell Culture. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 9 Debyser Z, Pannecouque C, Pluymers W, Maele BV, Vercammen J, Tetz V, Engelborghs Y, Clercq ED, Witvrouw M; Rega Inst for Med Res, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Belgium Based on their mode of action, e.g., inhibition of an HIV integration step that is different from both clinically approved anti-HIV drugs as well as other IN inhibitors such as the diketo acids, PDPs can be considered as candidate drugs to be further pursued in their own right and in drug combination regimens for the therapy of HIV infections. |
| 10 | AK602: A Novel HIV-specific Spirodiketopiperazine CCR5 Inhibitor Potent Against a Wide Spectrum of R5-HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 10 Maeda K, Nakata H, Miyakawa T, Ogata H, Koh Y, Shibayama S, Sagawa K, Takaoka Y, Moravek J, Koyanagi Y, Mitsuya H; Kumamoto Univ Sch of Med, Japan The present data strongly suggest that AK602 can potently block the infectivity and replication of a wide spectrum of R5-HIV with partial inhibition of CC/CCR5 interactions. Considering the possibility that the long-term inhibition of CC/CCR5 interactions could lead to compromised inflammation/immune reaction, the present data warrant further development of AK602 as a potential HIV-specific CCR-inhibiting therapeutic for HIV infection. |
| 11 | Anti-HIV-1 Activity of TAK-220, a Small Molecule CCR5 Antagonist. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 11 Iizawa Y, Kanzaki N, Takashima K, Miyake H, Tagawa Y, Sugihara Y, Baba M TAK-220 is an orally bioavailable CCR5 antagonist with a potent anti-R5 HIV-1 activity, indicating a promising candidate as an anti-HIV-1 drug. |
| 12 | UK-427,857, a Novel Small Molecule HIV Entry Inhibitor is a Specific Antagonist of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 12 Dorr P, Macartney M, Rickett G, Smith-Burchnell C, Dobbs S, Mori J, Griffin P, Lok J, Irvine R, Westby M, Hitchcock C, Stammen B, Price D, Armour D, Wood A, Perros M UK-427,857 is a prototype CCR5 antagonist for the treatment of HIV infection, with excellent potency against lab-adapted and primary strains. The predicted pharmacokinetic and safety profile of the candidate are such that the compound has the potential to block receptor binding akin to the naturally protective Δ32-CCR5 homozygous phenotype, when administered to humans with one or more wt-CCR5 alleles. |
| 13 | Safety and Preliminary Anti-HIV Activity of an Anti-CD4 mAb (TNX-355; Formerly Hu5A8) in HIV-infected Patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 13 Kuritzkes DR, Jacobson JM, Powderly W, Godofsky E, DeJesus E, Haas F, Reimann KA, Yarbough P, Curt VR, Shanahan WR Single doses of the novel entry inhibitor TNX-355 were well tolerated and acutely reduced viral load in HIV-1-infected patients. Further assessment of therapeutic potential awaits data from longer duration trials; a phase 1b multiple-dose study is planned. |
| 14 | Relationship between P-glycoprotein and HIV-1 Receptors in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Cell Lines. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 14 Owen A, Hoggard PG, Chandler B, Khoo SH, Back DJ The relationship between Pgp and HIV-1 co-receptor expression in PBLs from healthy volunteers indicates that there may be similar mechanisms involved in the control of these proteins. This is an important finding since PIs are substrates for Pgp, raising the possibility that cells expressing higher levels of Pgp (and, therefore, virus sanctuary) may place a selective pressure in favour of X4 tropic virus. |
| 14lb | T-1249 Demonstrates Potent Antiviral Activity over 10 Day Dosing in Most Patients who Have Failed a Regimen Containing Enfuvirtide (ENF): Planned Interim Analysis of T1249-102, a Phase I/II Study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 14lb Miralles GD, Lalezari JP, Bellos N, Richmond G, Zhang Y, Murchison H, Spence R, Raskino C, DeMasi RA The results of this interim analysis suggest that T‑1249 demonstrates potent short-term suppression of plasma HIV RNA in most patients who harbor ENF-resistant viruses. |
| 15 | Mannose-specific Lectins as Novel Microbicides against HIV? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 15 Schols D, Hatse S, Vermeire K, Princen K, Peumans W, Damme EV, Clercq ED, Balzarini J Mannose-specific plant lectins proved markedly inhibitory to all HIV variants that were examined. They most likely interfere with viral entry. Their broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity makes them potential clinical candidates as anti-HIV microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of AIDS. |
| 16 | A Novel Microbicide that Prevents Intravaginal Transmission of SIV Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 16 Z. Ambrose*1, C. Miller2, L. Compton2, J. Hildreth3, J. Lifson1, V. KewalRamani1 Should BCD continue to prevent SIV transmission and not perturb mucosal tissues in this model, its current approved use in humans suggests it would be an important candidate for clinical consideration for use as an anti-HIV microbicide. |
| 17 | Inside-out Regulation of HIV-1 Particle Fusion. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 17 Aiken C, Wyma DJ, Lineberger JE, Miller MD We have identified a novel mechanism for regulating HIV-1 entry through coupling membrane fusion activity to core maturation via binding of the gp41 cytoplasmic domain to Pr55Gag. These findings have implications for therapeutic strategies targeting HIV-1 entry and for HIV-1 vaccine development. |
| 18 | Disruption of Lipid Rafts in HIV-producing Cells Impairs Fusion of HIV-1 Virions To Target Cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 18 Cavrois M, Yonemoto W, Fenard D, Neidleman J, Greene W These findings demonstrate that fusion of HIV virions to target cells is markedly impaired when lipid rafts are disrupted in the producer cells, suggesting a possible facilitating role for cholesterol or other raft components in the fusion reaction. Further, the enhancement by Nef of viral infectivity cannot be explained by intrinsic differences in the fusogenic properties of HIV-wt and HIVΔNef virions. |
| 19 | Mutations in the Cytoplasmic Domain of the SIV Transmembrane Molecule can Dramatically Increase Envelope Content in Virions, Infectivity, and Resistance to Antibody-mediated Neutralization. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 19 Yuste E, Desrosiers R Our results indicate that the sequences present in the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 can dramatically influence env content in virions and that env content in virions is an important determinant of relative sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization. |
| 20 | Recruitment of CD4, CCR5, Rafts, and Ezrin in Actin-dependent Cell Surface Structures: Implications for HIV Fusion and Entry Events. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 20 C.M. Steffens, T.J. Hope Current models of HIV entry suggest that multiple receptor and co-receptor molecules are needed to interact with each envelope trimer, and that multiple trimers are necessary for fusion to occur. Our observation that CD4, CCR5, ezrin, and GM1 are all present in the same actin-dependent structures may unify previous reports that lipid rafts and actin are important in facilitating the interactions leading up to HIV fusion and entry. |
| 21 | In Vitro De-evolution of the HIV Envelope Glycoprotein to Functional Core Elements with Deletions of V1/V2 and V3 Hypervariable Loops. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 21 Lin G, Haggarty BS, Romano J, Vance PJ, Hoxie JA; Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia These results demonstrate that functional HIV Env variants can be generated lacking V1/V2 and the majority of V3 and may represent a primordial Env core. Variable loops may have evolved to evade humoral immune responses. Thus, functional Env cores with variable loop deletions may serve as better immunogens in eliciting novel immune responses against conserved regions on the gp120 core. |
| 22 | A Novel Potent CD4-induced Monoclonal Antibody (E51) Active against Primary HIV-1 Strains. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 22 Xiang SH, Abreu M, Robinson J, Sodroski J; Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA The binding site of CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies on the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 is known to overlap with the binding site for co-receptors. Most CD4i antibodies exhibit only weak neutralizing activity against HIV-1 isolates, which have evolved mechanisms to resist these antibodies. Additional |
| 23 | Sensitivity of HIV-1 to Entry Inhibitors Correlates with Envelope: Co-receptor Affinity, Co-receptor Density, and Fusion Kinetics. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 23 Reeves J, Gallo S, Ahmad N, Miamidian J, Harvey P, Sharron M, Pohlmann S, Pierson T, Biscone M, Sfakianos J, Derdeyn C, Tomaras G, Blumenthal R, Hunter E, Doms R; Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Co-receptor density and Env mutations that affect receptor engagement and membrane fusion rates can alter entry inhibitor sensitivity. Since co-receptor expression levels are often limiting for virus in vivo, individuals expressing lower levels may respond more favorably to entry inhibitors such as T-20, whose effectiveness we show is dependent in part on fusion kinetics. |
| 24 | The Role of ESCRT-I in Retroviral Budding. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 24 Martin-Serrano J, Zang T, Bieniasz PD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY These results indicate that all 3 classes of retroviral L-domains require a functioning class E VPS pathway in order to effect budding. However, the PTAP-type L-domain appears unique in its requirement for an intact, or nearly intact, ESCRT-I complex. |
| 25 | Cleavage at the N-terminus of the HIV Protease is Modulated by the Beta-sheet Structure of the Dimer Interface. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 25 Kaplan AH, Pettit SC; Univ of North Carolina Sch of Med, Chapel Hill Overall, our data suggest a model for virus assembly in which the initial GagPol cleavages are accomplished in cis and indicate a structural mechanism by which release of the more active mature protease is delayed until later in virus assembly. We present a model that integrates protease activation and GagPol dimerization into virus particle assembly. Our data also suggest novel avenues for the design of protease inhibitors. |
| 26lb | PML and the Proteasome as Mediators of Intracellular Antiretroviral Innate Immunity Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 26lb P. Turelli, D. Trono PML and the proteasome are the mediators of an intracellular innate antiviral response that limits the susceptibility of human cells to infection by HIV and certain oncoretroviruses. Because "N-tropic" and "B-tropic" MLV strains differ only by a few amino acids in Capsid (CA), it is likely that this retroviral constituent is targeted by this response in both HIV and MLV. |
| 27 | Stoichiometry of Neutralization of a HIV-1 Primary Isolate by the Anti-CD4 Binding Site Antibody b12s. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 27 Franti M, Frost S, Vivona V, Delgado K, Ramos L, Burton DR, Poignard P; Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA The results suggest that, similar to the mechanism proposed for antibody neutralization of TCLA isolates, neutralization of primary isolates is the result of antibody-coating of virions. |
| 28 | Tyrosine Sulfation of Human Antibodies that Bind the CCR5-binding Domain of HIV-1 gp120. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 28 Choe H, Li W, Wright P, Moore M, Vasilieva N, Robinson J, Sodroski J, Farzan M; Harvard Med Sch, Cambridge, MA These antibodies are derived from individuals who effectively control HIV-1 replication, and they potently neutralize R5 isolates. Therefore, tyrosine sulfated anti-gp120 antibodies of this class may be useful in slowing or preventing infection. |
| 29 | Migration of T-cells Away from HIV-1 gp120: A New Mechanism for Viral Immune Evasion. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 29 Brainard DM, Tharp WG, Olszak IT, Trocha A, Kalams SA, Walker BD, Wyatt R, Sodroski J, Poznansky MC; Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA CTL migration contributes to the efficacy with which HIV-specific CTL kill target cells. HIV gp120 dysregulates immune cell localization in vitro. The distinct phenomenon of movement away from a chemokine or chemokinetic agent such as gp120, which we term fugetaxis (fugere: to flee from; taxis: movement) represents a novel mechanism of regulating the movement of mature T-cells away from specific sites and may provide a mechanism by which HIV evades challenge by immune effector cells in vivo. Novel treatment strategies might be developed based on inhibiting the effect of HIVgp-120 on the migration of HIV-specific CTLs. |
| 30 | Expression of Lymphocyte Homing Receptors by SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells in the Female Reproductive Tract of Rhesus Macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 30 M. Cromwell1, X. Alvarez2, J. Altman3, S. Westmoreland1, S. Klumpp1, A.Luster4, A. Lackner2, P. Johnson1 These results indicate that SIV-specific T-cells are enriched in the CD8+ T-cell population of the female genital mucosa compared to peripheral blood. Expression of inflammatory chemokines such as CXCL9 may provide signals directing the trafficking of T-cells to the female reproductive tract. |
| 31 | Comprehensive Analysis of HIV-specific CD4 Responses by IFN-gamma ELISpot in Early Chronic HIV-1 Infection Shows Marked Immunodominance of gag and nef and the Presence of Broadly Recognized Peptides. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 31 D. Kaufmann1, P. Bailey1, L. Cosimi2, P. Norris1, M. Addo1, M. Altfeld1, H. Truong1, M. Johnston1, C. Brander1, B. Walker1, E. Rosenberg1 Our analyses show that HIV-specific CD4 responses could be identified in the majority of the studied individuals with a wide spectrum in breadth and magnitude and an immunodominance of gag and nef. The paucity of CD4 responses to other proteins contrasts with the pattern of CD8 responses in the same subjects with broad responses to other proteins. The high frequency of responses to a limited subset of peptides suggests a focused recognition of peptides, which may be promiscuously presented by different HLA Class II alleles. These findings may have significant impact for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies. |
| 32 | Functional Discrepancies in HIV-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte Populations Reflect the Kinetics of Virus Exposure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 32 Price DA, Oxenius A, Sewell AK, Dawson SJ, Guenthard HF, Fischer M, Gillespie GM, Rowland-Jones SL, Koup RA, Fagard C, Hirschel B, Douek DC; Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD The proportion of CD8+ T-lymphocytes that exhibit an impaired functional phenotype directly ex vivo in populations expressing TCRs specific for individual HIV-derived antigens is related to pVL. These findings have implications for the interpretation of quantitative data generated by methods that rely on functional readouts. |
| 33 | Relationship Between Functional and Qualitative Abnormalities within the Pool of HIV-1 Specific Memory CD4 T-cells and Control of HIV-1 Disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 33 A. Harari, S. Petitpierre, M. Khonkarly, P. A. Bart, G. Pantaleo These results demonstrate an abnormal composition of the pool of HIV-specific CD4 T-cells and a selective IL-2 defect of the HIV-specific memory CD4 T-cells in both blood and LN. These parameters represent correlates of immune protection better than CD4 T-cell proliferation. |
| 34 | Systematic Microarray Analysis Reveals Counter Balance between Perforin and Interleukin 7 Receptor with Progression of HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 34 F. Boutboul1, D. Puthier2, C. Nguyen2, H. Ait Mohand3, C. Katlama3, G. Carcelain1, P.Debré1, I. Hirsch4, B.Autran1 Systematic microarrays analysis allows global analysis of mechanisms of immune cells alterations during HIV infection and highlights new aspects so far misunderstood of CD8 T-cell homeostasis. |
| 35 | Vigorous HIV-specific CD8 T-cell Responses in Late Stage HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 35 R. Draenert*1, Y. Tang1, C. Verrill1, A. Wurcel1,2, M. Boczanowski1, A. Rathod1, M. Addo1, B. Walker1 Unexpectedly broad and strong IFN-γ+ CD8 T-cell responses persist despite progressive chronic HIV infection with high viral loads and low CD4 counts. The lack of viral escape coupled with defects in full maturation suggest that in vivo defects in CD8 T-cell function play a major role in lack of efficacy in this cohort. |
| 36 | HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Among HIV-infected Individuals Released from Prison. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 36 Wohl DA, Shain L, Adamian M, Stephenson BL, Strauss R, Golin C, Kaplan A; Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Immediately following prison release a significant proportion of HIV-infected former inmates engage in behaviors with high risk of transmitting HIV and may play a significant role in the transmission of the virus within the communities to which they return. There is an urgent need for the development of interventions to reduce HIV transmission risk behaviors of HIV-infected releasees. |
| 37 | The Internet and High-risk Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 37 M. A. Chiasson1, S. Hirshfield*1, M. Humberstone1, J. DiFilippi1, D. Newstein1, B. Koblin2, R. Remien3,4 The very high risk sexual behavior and the significant association between meeting a sex partner online and UAS, particularly for HIV+ men, found in this study provide additional evidence that the Internet may play a role in HIV transmission. Similar to other high risk venues of the 1970s and 1980s (e.g., bath houses and back rooms), the Internet may be a setting in which to meet new sex partners and potentially transmit HIV. Our success in rapidly recruiting a large number of men reporting very high-risk sexual behavior from a single Internet site suggests that this recruitment method can also be used to provide urgently needed safer sex messages. |
| 38 | HIV Incidence, Prevalence, and Behavior of Inner City Individuals Attending the Johns Hopkins Emergency Department. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 38 C. Henson1, O. Laeyendecker2, B. J. Horne1, R. E. Rothman1, G. D. Kelen1, J. B. Shahan1, K. Ketlogetswe1, T. C. Quinn2 These results suggest that inner city EDs may provide an opportunity to identify previously unrecognized HIV infection and, together with incidence testing, allow for "real-time" monitoring of the epidemic. In addition, the ED could serve as a venue for disseminating information to at risk individuals. Finally, this data represents an increase of both incidence (1.19% vs 0.72% per yr) and prevalence (11.3% vs 8.9%) in this population from last year's study. |
| 39 | The High Yield of Routine HIV Screening in Urgent Care Sites in Massachusetts. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 39 R. P. Walensky1,2, E. Losina3, L. Malatesta4, G. Barton4, J. F. McGuire4, K. A. Freedberg1 Think HIV, an urgent care center-based routine voluntary HIV CTR program, had a significantly higher yield than regular self-referral testing. Routine HIV testing will lead to identification of HIV-infected persons who do not describe themselves as high risk for infection. Further efforts to expand such programs nationally are essential. |
| 40 | HIV-1 Transmission per Coital Act, by Stage of HIV Infection in the HIV+ Index Partner, in Discordant Couples, Rakai, Uganda. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 40 Wawer MJ, Serwadda D, Li X, Quinn TC, Sewankambo NK, Kiwanuka N, Kigozi G, Gray RH; Columbia Univ, New York, NY Objective: To determine the rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in discordant couples in rural Rakai District, Uganda , by the stage of HIV infection in the index HIV + partner. METHODS: A total 240 HIV discordant couples (217 with HIV prevalent index partners and 23 with HIV incident index partners) in which th |
| 41 | Sorting Out Serosorting with Sexual Network Methods. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 41 J. McConnell1 , R. Grant1,2 Serosorting by HIV-infected individuals can be investigated using network methodology, which elucidates patterns of contact that underlie the epidemic spread of infectious diseases. High levels of serosorting may limit the impact of risky sex on the spread of the epidemic, although serodisclosure was only reported in 1/2 of partnerships. Further research is needed to identify determinants of serodisclosure and serosorting, and to assess the impact of recent reports of HIV-1 superinfection on these epidemiologically important network characteristics. |
| 42 | Post-exposure Prophylaxis After Sexual Assault In South Africa. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 42 Wulfsohn A, Venter WD, Schultze D, Levey M, Sanne IM; Johannesburg, South Africa In this group, despite a high incidence of multiple-assailant assault and a high background prevalence of HIV, only a single seroconversion was documented in treated returning patients. A seroconversion in a pt who did not receive PEP implies that transmission via sexual assault is possible. The South African government has agreed to make HIV post-exposure prophylaxis broadly available in the country, with the first sites becoming operational in mid-2002. |
| 43 | Sustained Use of Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Mortality among HIV-infected Homeless and Marginally Housed Individuals Living in San Francisco. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 43 E. D. Riley1, D. R. Bangsberg1, D. Guzman1, S. Perry2, A. Moss1 Among San Francisco's HIV-infected homeless and marginally housed, 74% received HAART. Even in a cohort with a history of 65% adherence, we found that sustained treatment substantially reduced mortality. While adherence remains an issue, HAART has had a significant effect on mortality in this population. |
| 44 | Incidence and Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among HIV-infected Patients in Northern California's Largest HMO. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 44 G. N. DeLorenze1, M. Horberg2, A. J. Karter1, A .Ferrara1, C. P. Quesenberry1, A. L. Tsai1 These results suggest that the elevated incidence of DM in the NC-KPHP HIV+ population may be attributable to the introduction of PIs in 1996, but that iatrogenic effect diminished in subsequent years, most likely due to a change in PI prescribing patterns. |
| 45 | The Evolving Epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 45 S Matic More intensive and far-reaching interventions are urgently required to combat TB in Africa, Asia, and Latin America where HIV is rapidly undermining all efforts to contain disease rates. |
| 46 | Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 46 Abstract not available. |
| 47 | Prevention and Care of HIV-infected Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 47 Mbori-Ngacha D; Univ Nairobi and Global AIDS Program, CDC, Kenya BACKGROUND:The HIV/AIDS epidemic has reached previously unimagined levels. The worst affected region being Sub-Saharan Africa home to 80% of all HIV infected people in the world. As the epidemic has matured the vulnerability of women has come to the fore. Current statistics from UNAIDS indicate that women constitut |
| 48 | Use of Antiretroviral Therapy in Developing Countries: A Biosocial Analysis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 48 Farmer P; Brigham and Women's Hosp and Partners In Health, Boston, MA Over 95% of the burden of HIV disease is to be found in resource-poor settings, but to date there have been almost no donor-funded programs seeking to integrate HIV prevention efforts with the full range of therapeutic options required to treat advanced HIV disease effectively in such settings. With a GNP o |
| 48a | The Second Exon of SIVmac239 Tat Contributes to Chronic Viral Replication and Disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 48a Smith SM, Klase Z, Pentlicky S, Neuveut C, Marx P, Jeang KT; St Michael's Med Ctr, Newark, NJ The Tat proteins of HIV/SIV are encoded by 2 exons. The role of the 2nd exon of HIV or SIV Tat has not been evaluated in vivo. METHODS: We constructed a clone (SIVtat1ex) of SIVmac239, which encodes for only the 1st exon of Tat, and studied it in vivo. Codons 96 and 97 were changed from GCA TCA to TGA TAA. |
| S48a | Grand Challenges in AIDS and Global Health. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10:Session 9b Plenary Lecture 48a Klausner RD; Bill & Melinda Gates Fndn, Seattle, WA Extensive data demonstrate the disproportionate impact of infectious disease on the developing world, yet only 10% of research dollars are spent on the diseases and conditions that cause 90 percent of the world s health burden. A major focus of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is to reduce inequities |
| 49 | RNAi: Ancient Pathways Programmed by Small RNAs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 49 Zamora P; Univ of Massachusetts Med Sch, Worcester Double-stranded RNA can now be used in a wide variety of eukaryotes to suppress the expression of any gene, allowing rapid analysis of that gene s function, a technique known as RNA interference (RNAi). How cells use the information in double-stranded RNA to suppress gene expression and why they contain the |
| 50 | Designing RNA I-based Therapeutic Strategies for HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 50 Rossi JJ, Lee NS, Li M, Li H, Gu S, Kim J, Bauer G, Castanotto D, Pfeifer G, Tommas S, Bannerjie A, Akkina R; Beckman Res Inst of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, The recent discoveries of RNA interference in mammalian cells has prompted the development and testing of RNAi based approaches for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. We have been exploring the use of lentiviral vector mediated transduction of anti-HIV-1 siRNA encoding genes into hematopoietic progenitor cel |
| 51 | Some Steps Towards Moving RNA Interference to the Clinic. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 51 Lieberman J; Ctr for Blood Res, Harvard Univ Med Ctr, Boston, MA RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient evolutionarily conserved mechanism to protect the genome from damage by viruses and other insertable genetic elements. Recently we and others have harnessed RNAi to inhibit HIV infection in cell lines in vitro. Many steps are needed to develop RNAi as a therapeutic tool |
| 52 | Using RNA Interference to Inhibit HIV-1 Replication and Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 52 Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Med Inst, Duke Univ Med Ctr, Durham, NC RNA interference (RNAi) represents a powerful technique to silence individual genes in human cells. Because RNAi probably evolved as an antiviral defense and is clearly important in this regard in plants, it seems possible that RNAi could be used as an antiviral treatment in humans. As an initial test of th |
| 53 | Genetic Condoms of HIV-1 Infection: Using Host Genetics to Dissect HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 53 Ahuja S; Univ of Texas, San Antonio Abstract not available. |
| 54 | HIV Adaptation to the Genetic Polymorphism of the Host. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 54 Mallal S; Royal Perth Hosp, Australia Host genetics influence the clinical outcomes of HIV disease at multiple levels: establishment of infection, HIV viral load, CD4 T-cell decline, specific OIs and malignancies, and response to and complications of therapy. The exposure variable of interest may be the same in all patients (pts), as in the exa |
| 55 | Influence of the KIR genes on HIV-1 Disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 55 Carrington M; NCI-Frederick, MD Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune system and provide the first line of defense in the early stages of the immune response against viral infections, by production of cytokines, and direct cytotoxicity. Method: The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) on NK cells |
| 56 | Comparison of Effects on Infection and Disease Progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 56 Kaslow RA, Tang JJ, Dorak MT; Univ of Alabama at Birmingham Specific sequence variants in human gene systems have been increasingly associated with the ease of HIV-1 transmission and/or the level of viremia or rate of disease progression. Some of these effects of human genetic polymorphisms on HIV/AIDS are now well established while others are less certain. A critic |
| 57 | The Changing Incidence of Clinical AIDS Events in 12,574 Treatment-naive Patients Starting HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 57 Sabin C, D'Arminio Monforte A, May M, Grabar S, Reiss P, Lundgren J, Justice A, Staszewski S, Leport C, Dabis F, Montaner JS, Johnson M, Gill MJ, Fatkenheuer G, Egger M; Royal Free and Univ Coll Med Sch, London, UK Although the use of HAART has led to a dramatic decline in the incidence of clinical AIDS-defining events, it is unclear whether rates of decline are similar for events of different aetiologies. METHODS: The ART Cohort Collaboration includes data on 12,574 treatment-naive patients (pts) starting HAART from |
| 58 | Analysis of Latent HIV Infection and Sequence Evolution Post Therapy in Semen and Blood Compartments. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 58 Craigo JK, Patterson B, Ding M, Montelaro RC, Mellors J, Gupta P; Univ of Pittsburgh, PA HIV-1 RNA levels in semen and blood compartments decrease below detection limits during PI and DMP (an NNRTI) therapy. Despite these favorable therapeutic effects, it is clear that persistent reservoirs of HIV-1 capable of rebounding in the absence of drug treatment or by the evolution of escape mutants rem |
| 59 | Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b: A New Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Early-stage HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 59 Schugt I, Kreuter A, Schlottmann R, Bader A, Altmeyer P, Brockmeyer NH; St Josef-Hosp, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wetsfalen, Germany HAART has made it possible to sustain suppression of HIV type-1 replication, producing a substantial decline in AIDS incidence, mortality, and morbidity. In addition to readily controllable short-term side effects, HAART also has many long-term side effects. Thus, new therapeutic options are required. One o |
| 60 | Phase-I Study with a Therapeutic MVA-BN-Nef Vaccine in HIV-1 Infected Patients on HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 60 E. Harrer1, M. Bäuerle1, B. Ferstl1, P. Chaplin2, B. Petzold2, S. Bergmann1, M. Hamacher1, J. R. Kalden1, D. Willbold3, T. Harrer1 Increasing side effects of HAART have stimulated interest in therapeutic vaccines to boost HIV-specific immunity. However, there is a lack of vaccines which can induce a strong CTL response in HIV + patients (pts). Therefore, we studied in a phase-I-study the immunogenicity and safety of the MVA-BN vector ( |
| 61 | Therapeutic Vaccination with ALVAC-HIV vCP1433: A Recombinant Canarypox Vaccine in Chronically HIV-1 Infected Patients Treated with HAART: VACCITER (ANRS 094). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 61 Tubiana R, Carcelain G, Vray M, Gourlain K, Hilpert S, Dalban C, Chermak A, Habib RE, Klein M, Costagliola D, Calvez V, Autran B, Katlama C; Pitie-Salpetriere Hosp, Paris, France To evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and ability of ALVAC HIV vCP1433 a recombinant canarypox carrying HIV-1 genes (env, gag, epitopes of pol, nef), to control viral replication in chronically HIV-infected patients (pts). METHODS: In this pilot, open, prospective non comparative study HIV-infected pts (nadir |
| 62 | Immunological and Virological Efficacy of ALVAC-VIH 1433 and HIV Lipopeptides (Lipo-6T) Combined with SC IL-2 in Chronically HIV-infected Patients-Results of the ANRS 093 Randomized Study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 62 Y Levy1, H Gahery-Segard2, C Durier3, A-S Lascaux1, V Meiffrédy3, C Goujard4, J-P Cassuto5, C Rouzioux6, R Elhabib7, J-G Guillet8, J-P Aboulker3, J-F Delfraissy4, ANRS 093 Study Group9 Vaccinated pts experienced a better control of HIV replication after stopping HAART. This effect is associated to the stimulation of a sustained and a polyepitopic HIV immune response. |
| 63 | Differential Modulation of Whole Blood Naive and Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell Subsets by Viral Replication During Therapy Interruption in Chronically HIV-1 Infected Patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 63 Papasavvas E, Thiel B, Pistilli M, Mackiewicz A, Farabaugh M, Moore EC, Gallo C, Gross R, Foulkes A, Mounzer K, Schmidt L, Ondercin J, Shull J, Kostman JR, Montaner LJ; Wistar Inst, Philadelphia, PA The modulation of naive and memory T-cell subsets during Therapy Interruptions (TIs) in chronically HIV-1 infected patients (pts) is undetermined. METHODS: An immunology sub-study of 41 chronically HIV-infected and stably suppressed pts enrolled in a randomized trial on the effects of TI characterized chang |
| 64 | HIV-NAT 001.4: A Prospective Randomized Trial of Structured Treatment Interruption in Patients with Chronic HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 64 J. Ananworanich1,2, P. Cardiello1,3, P. Srasuebkul1,2, T. Samor1,2, E. Hassink3, A. Mahanontharit1,2, T. Boonmangum1,2, W. Apateerapong1,2, A. Hill4, K. Ruxrungtham1,2,5, D. Cooper1,6, J. Lange1,3, P. Phanuphak1,2,5 CD4-guided and wk on-wk off strategies resulted in comparable clinical, AE and QOL outcomes to cont ARV. Proportion of pts with CD4 > 350 was similar in all arms although CD4-guided treatment had the largest CD4 count decrease. CD4-guided treatment was the best ARV cost saving strategy and had similar VL outcome to cont ARV. There were high rates of VL failures in the wk on-wk off arm; however, all had VL < 50 after continuing the same ARV regimen. Previous sub-optimal ARV prior to HAART may have contributed to STI failure. |
| 65 | A Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Continuous vs Intermittent HAART Guided by CD4+ T-cell Counts and Plasma HIV-1 RNA Levels. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 65 L. Ruiz1, L. Gómez2, P. Domingo3, J. Romeu1, G. Tambussi4, J. Martínez-Picado1, J. Miranda1, J. C. Martínez1, J. M. Llibre5, C. Tural1, G. Sirera1, F. Vidal6, CR. Fumaz1, E. Negredo1, B. Clotet1 Treatment discontinuation controlled by CD4 and viral load was safe in our study cohort. Our results show that 43% of the patients could remain without therapy for at least 48 wks. |
| 66 | ISS-PART: A Prospective, Randomized, Multi-center Clinical Trial of Intermittent Therapy in HIV+ Subjects with Persistent Suppression of Viral Replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 66 S. Vella , M. Giuliano, L. Palmisano, R. Bucciardini, M. Andreotti, R. Arcieri, V. Fragola, C. Galluzzo, L. Weimer, MF Pirillo, R.Amici, E.Germinario, Italian ISS-PART Clinical Centers Overall response to therapy reinitiation was satisfactory; however, a longer follow-up is required to assess the clinical significance of mutations in the rebounding virus. |
| 67 | CPCRA 064: A Randomized Trial Examining Structured Treatment Interruption for Patients Failing Therapy with Multi-drug Resistant HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 67 J. Lawrence1, D. Mayers2, K. Huppler Hullsiek3, G. Collins3, D. Abrams1, R. Reisler4, L. Crane5, B. Schmetter6, T. Dionne7, J. Saldanha8, M. Jones1, J. Baxter9, the CPCRA 064 Study Team of the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. In treatment experienced pts failing therapy with MDR virus, STIs as used in this study do not appear to confer clinical, immunologic, virologic, or QOL benefits. |
| 68 | Long-term Benefit of Treatment Interruption in Salvage Therapy (GIGHAART ANRS 097). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 68 Katlama C, Dominguez S, Duvivier C, Delaugerre C, Peytavin G, Legrand M, Calvez V, Gourlain K, Costagliola D; Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France Megahaart was shown to rescue severe clinical situations and TI to favor the return of wild-type virus. Objective: To evaluate the benefit of TI in patients (pts) with multiple failure of therapy in a context of very advanced HIV disease (HIV VL > 50,000cps/ml and CD4cells |
| 69 | The Relationship Between Retroviral Integration and Host Cell Transcription 2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 69 Maxfield L, Dow C, Coffin J; Tufts Univ, Boston, MA Retroviral DNA integration occurs throughout the genome; however, local hot spots for integration exist where a strong preference for certain sites over others are seen. Our goal is to define properties of host cell DNA that influence sites of retroviral integration. |
| 70 | Selection of DNA Integration Sites by HIV in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 70 Mitchell R, Portier N, Schroder A, Shinn P, Chen H, Berry C, Ecker J, Bushman F; Salk Inst, Univ of California, San Diego, CA In order for HIV to successfully replicate, the proviral DNA must integrate into human DNA. Previously we reported mapping 524 sites of HIV cDNA integration on the human genome sequence using a human T-cell line. We have extended the study by using human primary cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB |
| 71 | HIV-1 Vpr is Essential for Expression from Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 71 Poon B, Chen IS; David Geffen Sch of Med at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA Unintegrated viral DNA is generally transcriptionally inert but can be expressed under some circumstances and may play a significant role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. METHODS: We determined whether HIV-1 Vpr may be involved in mediating gene expression from unintegrated HIV-1. Cells were infected with VSV-G pseud |
| 72 | The Murine Homologue of the VIF Cellular Co-factor, APOBEC3G/CEM15, is a Potent Inhibitor of HIV-1 Replication Whose Activity is Not Blocked by HIV-1 or SIV VIF. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 72 Mariani R, Chen DS, Nymark-McMahon H, Landau NR; Salk Inst for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA HIV-1 replication in primary human T-cells and monocytes requires VIF. VIF is required in these cells to overcome the inhibitory activity of the cellular protein ABOBEC-3G/CEM15, a protein that belongs to a family of RNA editing enzymes. The mechanism by which APOBEC3G interferes with HIV-1 replication is n |
| 73 | Identification of a Novel SIV Lineage with a Vpu Gene in Cercopithecus Monkeys from Cameroon. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 73 Courgnaud V, Loul S, Mpoudi E, Liegeois F, Abela B, Pourrut X, Delaporte E, Hahn B, Peeters M; UR36, IRD and Univ of Montpellier, France Primate lentiviruses are a diverse group that naturally infect a variety of nonhuman African primate species. So far, 6 distinct lineages (SIVcpz, SIVsm, SIVagm, SIVsyk, SIVlhoest, and SIVcol) and potential recombinant lineages have been described. In order to elucidate origins and evolution in the primate |
| 74 | Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 74 Abstract not available. |
| 75 | Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 75 Abstract not available. |
| 76 | High Frequency of Stereotypic Viral Escape from Dominant SIV Epitope-specific CTL in DNA-vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 76 Barouch DH, Kunstman J, Glowczwskie J, Kunstman K, Egan M, Santra S, Peyerl F, Kuroda M, Schmitz J, Wolinsky SM, Letvin NL; Harvard Med Sch, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA We have previously shown that viral escape from CTL recognition resulted in AIDS vaccine failure in one vaccinated rhesus monkey infected with SHIV-89.6P. Here we show the high frequency and pattern of viral escape from immunodominant CTL responses in a cohort of DNA vaccinated rhesus monkeys following a he |
| 77 | Protection Against Pathogenic SIVmac251 Infection Elicited by Vaccination of Rhesus Macaques with a Replication Competent Ad-recombinant Priming/Subunit Boosting Regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 77 Patterson LJ, Malkevitch N, Pinczewski J, Lou Y, Peng B, Kalyanaraman VS, Markham PD, Pal R, Pavlakis GN, Robey FA, Robert-Guroff M; Natl Inst of Hlth, NCI, Bethesda, MD Replication competent Adenovirus 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-SIVenv/rev priming and SIV gp120 boosting has partially protected against mucosal SIV mac251 challenge. Here, the impact of multi-component SIV recombinants on protective efficacy was examined. METHODS: Rhesus macaques, 8/group, were primed intran |
| 78 | Virus-specific Immune Responses in Macaques Inoculated with Single-cycle SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 78 Evans D, Bricker J, Lifson J, Lang S, Desrosiers R; New England Regional Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA Novel AIDS vaccine approaches are needed that optimize safety and efficacy. We created SIV recombinants that are limited to a single cycle of infection and express 8 of the 9 viral genes. These strains are being evaluated for their ability to serve as non-replicating vaccine strains. METHODS: Single-cycle S |
| 79 | Protective Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys Immunized with Replication-defective HIV-1 Vaccine. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 79 Tung F, Cole K, Tung L, McClure H, Montelaro R; GeneCure Biotechnologies, Atlanta, GA Live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) elicited protective immunity in rhesus monkeys. This animal model provides evidence that protective immunity can be elicited by vaccination. However, this vaccine approach was hindered by safety concerns that the live attenuated HIV-1 may cause disease in |
| 80 | Enhanced Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Accelerated Progression to AIDS in Macaques Primed to Mount a CD4 But Not a CD8 T-cell Response to the Viral Envelope Protein. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 80 Staprans SI, Barry AP, Silvestri G, Safrit JT, Kozyr N, McClure H, Montefiori D, Cohen JL, Feinberg MB; Emory Univ Sch of Med, Atlanta, GA CD4 T-cells act as both key immune effector cells as well as important targets for HIV infection. Therefore, the relative balance of CD4 versus CD8 responses induced by candidate AIDS vaccines may be an important determinant of vaccine efficacy. METHODS: To characterize a live attenuated varicella zoster vi |
| 81 | Toll-like Receptor Ligands can Modulate Dendritic Cell Functions to Augment Virus-specific T-cell Responses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 81 Lore K, Seder RA, Khojasteh S, Betts MR, Brenchley JM, Kuruppu JC, Perfetto SP, Roederer M, Koup RA; Vaccine Res Ctr, Natl Inst of Hlth, Bethesda, MD Abstract not available. |
| 82 | Safety, Tolerability, and CD8+ T-cell Immunogenicity of High Dose Live Recombinant Canarypox ALVAC-HIV Vaccine (vCP1452) in Healthy, HIV-1 Uninfected Adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 82 Goepfert P, Horton H, McElrath J, Surunathan S, Mallet L, Verdier F, Weinhold K, Allen M, Shea T, Chiu YL, Rossini T, Self S, Corey L; Univ of Alabama at Birmingham Canarypox ALVAC-HIV vaccine (vCP1452) elicits HIV-1 specific CD8 + T-cell responses when given to healthy uninfected adults; however, only a minority of participants (ppts) has had detectable responses in prior vaccine trials. We hypothesized that increasing the dose of vCP1452 would result in a greater fre |
| 83 | Evolutionary Indicators of Vaccine Efficacy from the ALVAC Phase II Trials. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 83 Nickle DC, Davis K, Liu Y, McLaughlin S, Genowati I, Zhao H, Pathmajeyan M, Rose L, Learn GH, Sheppard HB, Celum C, Mullins JI; Univ of Washington, Seattle The ALVAC HIV-1 vaccine, designed to stimulate production of cytotoxic T-cells (CTL), is an attenuated canarypox vector genetically altered to contain copies of HIV-1 genes (e.g., gag and env). We studied vaccinees in AVEG and HIVNET trials of ALVAC who subsequently became infected with HIV-1, in an effort |
| 84 | What Constitutes Effectiveness for an HIV Vaccine that Ameliorates Viremia: Issues Involving Surrogate Endpoints in Efficacy Trials. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 84 Gilbert P, DeGruttola V, Hudgens M, Self S, Hammer S, Corey L; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res Ctr, Seattle, WA Initial HIV vaccines (vxs) are unlikely to prevent acquisition of HIV in all recipients. Moreover, several current vxs are designed to reduce viremia post-acquisition of infection. Efficacy trials of such vxs will evaluate vx effects on post-acquisition endpoints, including onset of antiretroviral therapy ( |
| 85lb | Replication-Defective Adenovirus Vector Vaccines Attenuate SIVmac239 and SHIV89.6P Challenge Infections: Effects of Challenge Virus, MHC Class I Expression and Multiple Vaccine Antigen Expression Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 86 J.W. Shiver*1, D.R. Casimiro1, X. Liang1, W.A. Schleif1, F. Wang1, Z. Zhang1, A. Bett1, M. Davies1, L.G. Tussey1, J.H. Condra1, T. Fu1, L. Handt1, A.B. McDermott2, D.I. Watkins2, E.A. Emini1 These studies show that Ad5 vector-containing vaccines elicit attenuating cellular immune responses against both SHIV89.6P and the stringent SIVmac239 challenge viruses. In addition, attenuation of the SHIV infection was achieved without a relevant immunodominant MHC-I allele and using a vaccine antigen that was only 85% homologous (gp140-jrfl). The attenuating effect was also greater in animals that had been immunized against multiple viral proteins. |
| 86 | Persistent Brain Injury in HIV Patients on ART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 86 Cardenas VA, Meyerhoff DJ, Chao LL, Rothlind JC, Studholme C, Rogers LJ, Lampiris H, Chesney M, Weiner MW; Univ of California at San Francisco Numerous studies reported CNS damage due to HIV prior to anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Antiviral medications are now in widespread use, greatly mediating the immune suppressing effects of HIV, but ART may not halt CNS damage. The goal of this project was to determine the effects of HIV on the brain of part |
| 87 | HIV-associated Neuromuscular Weakness Syndrome. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 87 Simpson D, Estanislao L, Marcus K, Truffa M, McArthur J, Lucey B, Dorfman D, Naismith R, Guerrero I, Mendez J, Lonergan T, Landau Y, Harris M, Montaner J, Clifford D; Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY There have been reports of progressive, severe neuromuscular weakness and hyperlactatemia associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor antiretroviral therapy (NRTI). We performed an analysis of such cases, with focus on neurological, electrophysiological, pathological, and metabolic features. |
| 88 | Adaptation of Neurotropic Primary HIV-1 Isolates for CD4-independent Replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 88 Dunfee R, Gorry P, Taylor J, Kunstman K, Bell J, Wolinsky S, Gabuzda D; Dana-Farber Cancer Inst, Boston, MA Microglia, a major target for HIV-1 in the CNS, express lower levels of CD4 and CCR5 than target cells in peripheral blood. Reduced dependency on CD4 and/or CCR5 levels may be properties of the HIV-1 Env that increase neurotropism or neurovirulence. We previously demonstrated that a brain isolate from HIV-1 |
| 89 | Systemic Macrophage Infection Associated with Development of SIV Encephalitis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 89 Bissel SJ, Wang G, Trichel AM, Murphey-Corb M, Wiley CA; Univ of Pittsburgh, PA A fraction of SIV-infected macaques develop SIV encephalitis during the late stages of immunosuppression. Pathologically, SIV encephalitis is characterized by the presence of activated and SIV-infected macrophages. It is believed that SIV encephalitis might develop as the result of increased trafficking of |
| 90 | Clearance of HIV-1 RNA from Cerebrospinal Fluid is Most Rapid during the First Three Days of Antiretroviral Therapy in Asymptomatic Patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 90 Haas DW, Johnson B, Hulgan T, Nicotera J, Spearman P; Vanderbilt Univ Sch of Med, Nashville, TN Seminal studies of kinetics of plasma HIV-1 RNA decay during initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have helped define viral dynamics of HIV replication. More recent data suggests that drug potency can be predicted by quantifying maximal plasma HIV-1 RNA decay rates during the initial days of ART. We pr |
| 91 | CXCR4-mediated Signaling on Neural Progenitor Cells: Relevance to HIV-1 Associated Dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 91 Peng H, Huang Y, Erichsen D, Zheng J; Univ of Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha CXCR4, an important co-receptor for HIV-1 infection, also plays an essential role in neuronal development. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been shown to proliferate or differentiate into neurons or glia and may play important role in neuronal repair after damage by trauma or neuro-generative disorders, |
| 92 | Regionalization of Drug Resistance in Diverse Areas of the Brain in Patients with and without Dementia who Received HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 92 Saksena NK, Smit TK, Tourtellotte W, Brew BJ, Morgello S; Westmead Millennium Inst, Sydney, Australia It is commonly accepted that the brain acts as a sanctuary for HIV because of the currently prescribed antiretroviral drugs having limited access to the brain. P-glycoprotein efflux in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is known to limit the effectiveness and dissipation of drugs into the brain, and as a consequ |
| 93 | Tracking Movement of Super-paramagnetic Iron Oxide Labeled Monocytes in Brain by High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Relevance for HIV-1 Associated Dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 93 Zelivyanskaya M, Nelson J, Poluektova L, Uberti M, Boska M, Gendelman H; Univ of Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha An unresolved question for HIV encephalitis and its associated dementia is how few infected brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; brain macrophages and microglia) cause wide-spread neuronal damage. One hypothesis is that MP pro-inflammatory secretory products incite an amplification of inflammatory neurotoxic a |
| 94 | Impaired Nerve Regeneration in HIV-associated Neuropathy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 94 Polydefkis MJ, Hauer P, Brown A, McArthur JM; Johns Hopkins Univ Sch of Med, Baltimore, MD Loss of cutaneous innervation is a fundamental complication of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) that contributes to morbidity, limits antiviral therapy, and can compromise viral suppression. There is great interest in preventing or reversing the peripheral neuropathy associated with HIV infect |
| 95 | Vacuolar Myelopathy In Transgenic Mice Expressing HIV-1 Nef in Oligodendrocytes With Alteration of Oligodendrocyte Phenotype In Vitro. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 95 Kay DG, Radja F, Albrecht S, Jolicoeur P; Clin Res Inst of Montreal, Canada We previously reported that Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the entire HIV-1 genome, under the control of the myelin basic protein promoter (MBP/HIV Wt ), developed a vacuolar myelopathy (VM), closely resembling the human disease. METHODS: Generation of Tg mice, Southern, Northern and Western blotting, cell |
| 96 | Breast Milk Shedding of Drug-resistant Subtype C HIV-1 and Among Women Receiving Single-dose Nevirapine. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 96 Lee E, Kantor R, Johnston E, Mateta P, Zijenah L, Katzenstein D; Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA Breastfeeding is a significant risk factor for HIV mother to child transmission (MTCT) with estimated transmission rates at 0.5%-2% per month. Interventions in MTCT include single-dose (SD) maternal nevirapine (NVP) and NVP prophylaxis to breastfeeding infants. Selection and shedding of NVP resistant virus |
| 97 | Late Postnatal Transmission of HIV in Breastfed Children: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis (The Breastfeeding and HIV International Transmission Study). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 97 Read JS, Newell ML, Leroy V, Dabis F; Natl Inst of Hlth, Bethesda, MD Relatively little information exists regarding either the risk or timing of breastfeeding transmission, or potential risk factors for such transmission. We analyzed individual patient (pt) data from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials to 1) estimate the contribution of late postnatal transmission |
| 98 | Trends in Mortality among HIV-1 and HHV-8 affected Mother-infant Pairs in Zambia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 98 Mulindi M, Veronica M, Boris D, Sphiri P, Jubra M, Brad B, Chipepo K, Ghanapati B, Winslow K, Charles W, Charles M; Univ of Zambia, Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka To determine trends in mortality among Zambian mother-infant pairs (MIP) where the mother was either dually infected with both HIV-1 and HHV-8, infected with either HHV-8 or HIV-1 alone, or not infected with either virus. METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal study of Zambian MIP classified into 4 separate coh |
| 99 | A Phase I/II Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of an HIV-1 ALVAC Vaccine in Infants Born to HIV-infected Mothers. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 99 McFarland E, Johnson D, Fenton T, Muresan P, McNamara J, Hawkins E, Estep S, Read J, Gunurathan S, Lambert J; Univ of Colorado Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver ALVAC-HIV vCP205 (Aventis Pasteur) is recombinant Canarypox expressing gag p55, p15 protein, gp41 anchoring region of HIV-LAI, and gp120 of HIV-1 MN. It is safe and immunogenic in adults. METHODS: PACTG 326 Part I, a randomized, placebo (PL) controlled, double-blinded study, enrolled infants in 3 groups: hi |
| 100 | Allelic Variants of MDR1 Alter Pharmacokinetics of Nelfinavir Resulting in Higher Drug Levels and More Rapid Decline in Plasma HIV-1 RNA in Children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 100 Singh K, Saitoh A, Powell C, Fenton T, Fletcher C, Brundage R, Starr S, Spector S; Univ of California at San Diego, La Jolla The multidrug-resistance transporter gene (MDR1) encoding for P-glycoprotein and genes encoding for isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) have an important role in transport and metabolism of many drugs including antiretrovirals. This research examined the impact of allelic variants of MDR1 and CYP genes on n |
| 101 | Subclinical Inflammation in the Female Genital Tract is Strongly Associated with Vaginal Viral Shedding Independent of Plasma Viral Load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 101 Lennox J, Ellerbrock T, Bush T, Conley L, Evans-Strickfaden T, Hart C; Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA Previously, we demonstrated that plasma and vaginal viral loads are strongly correlated, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with cervical ulceration markedly enhances vaginal HIV shedding. However, vaginal viral load can increase and decrease significantly after controlling for plasma vira |
| 102 | Low Bone Mineral Density in HIV-infected Women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 102 Jacobson D, Knox T, Shevitz A, Gorbach S; Tufts Univ Sch of Med, Boston, MA Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) has been associated with use of antiretroviral medications in HIV infected men. Few observational studies have evaluated the prevalence of osteopenia in women and change in BMD over time. METHODS: We collected annual measurements of total BMD by DXA scan (Hologic QDR 2000), de |
| 103 | HIV Infection and Protease Inhibitor Use are Not Associated with Reduced Bone Mineral Density in Older HIV-infected Women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 103 Arnsten JH, Freeman R, Santoro N, Schoenbaum EE; Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY Osteopenia is an adverse event in HIV-infected patients (pts) and a sequelae of normal aging in women. To date, no studies have described the prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in older, peri- and post-menopausal HIV-infected women. METHODS: Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we analyzed |
| 104 | Mannose-specific Lectins as Novel Microbicides against HIV? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 104 Schols D, Hatse S, Vermeire K, Princen K, Peumans W, Damme EV, Clercq ED, Balzarini J; Rega Inst for Med Res, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Belgium There is an urgent need for the development of effective microbicides against HIV. Here we evaluated the activity of several mannose-specific binding lectins for their antiviral activity against HIV-1, HIV-2, and drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. METHODS: Lectins were evaluated for their antiviral activity agai |
| 105 | A Novel Microbicide that Prevents Intravaginal Transmission of SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 105 Ambrose Z, Miller C, Compton L, Hildreth J, Lifson J, KewalRamani V; Natl Cancer Inst, Frederick, MD Sexual transmission accounts for greater than 90% of worldwide HIV infection. Moreover, the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection in women has been increasing. Vaginal microbicides provide a female-controlled strategy to prevent HIV transmission. We have chosen to evaluate an HIV inactivating agent, 2-h |
| 106 | Role of Animal Studies in Vaccine Evaluation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 106 Feinberg M; Emory Univ Sch of Med and the Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA HIV is fundamentally different from any pathogen whose infection can now be successfully prevented by vaccination. Indeed, both the nature of the challenges to AIDS vaccine development and the strategies being pursued to overcome them are unprecedented in the history of vaccinology. METHODS: As such, tradit |
| 107 | The Role of Neutralizing Antibodies in the Prevention of HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 107 Zolla-Pazner S; Veterans Affairs Med Ctr and New York Univ, New York These data necessitate a new look at the V3 loop as an antigenic determinant to be included in candidate vaccine for the induction of neutralizing of broad (rather than species-specific) activity. |
| 108 | Vaccine Clinical Trials Update. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 108 Hammer S; Columbia Univ Coll of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY There is no higher priority in HIV research than the development of an effective preventive HIV vaccine. Worldwide control of the pandemic is dependent on the success of this effort. METHODS: The current status of HIV vaccine candidates and the strategies for their use will be reviewed. RESULTS: The ideal H |
| 109 | New Requirements for Efficacy Trials. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 109 Self S; Univ of Washington, Seattle Abstract Not Available. |
| 110 | DC-SIGN Function in HIV-1 Transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 110 KewalRamani VN; Natl Cancer Inst at Frederick, NIH, DHHS, MD Dendritic cells pulsed with low amounts of HIV-1 efficiently transmit the virus to primary CD4+ T-cells. Molecular insight to this process was aided through the identification of a myeloid-derived dendritic cell expressed molecule known as DC-SIGN. Through high affinity interactions with primate lentiviral |
| 111 | Cellular Defenses Against Retroviruses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 111 Bieniasz P; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, The Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY Host susceptibility to retroviral infection is in part determined by genes whose products have antiviral activity. The Fv1 (Friend virus susceptibility-1) gene, which inhibits murine leukemia virus (MLV) replication in mice, is one such restriction factor. Fv1 blocks postentry, pre-integration steps of the |
| 112 | Effector T-cells and HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 112 Unutmaz D; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Ctr, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN HIV-1 infection of primary human T-cells requires cellular activation and expression of HIV-1 receptors on the cell surface. We hypothesize that effector/ memory subsets of T-cells are preferentially targeted by R5-tropic strains of HIV-1 in vivo because of higher expression of CCR5 and their recently activ |
| 113 | Enhancement of HIV Infection by Dendritic Cells: Transfer of HIV to Target Cells Through an Infectious Synapse. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 113 McDonald D, Wu L, Bohks SM, KewalRamani VN, Unutmaz D, Hope TJ; Univ of IL, Chicago, IL Monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) can efficiently bind and transfer HIV infectivity, through cell surface proteins such as DC-SIGN, without themselves becoming infected. Under conditions of limiting soluble virus, MDDCs greatly enhance infection of target cells. METHODS: To reveal the behavior of HIV |
| 114 | Stopping HIV Infection Before It Begins in Women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 114 Solomon S; YRG Ctr for AIDS Res and Educ, Madras, India Over 40% (in India about 25%) of HIV infections now occur among women, and a very high proportion of them through sex. The prevention efforts of the first 20 years of the HIV epidemic have failed to meaningfully make inroads as women continue to be vulnerable to HIV, often from economic, social, cultural, a |
| 115 | Natural History of HIV-1 Infection in Women -- Findings from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 115 Greenblatt RM; Univ of California, San Francisco AIDS cases among women in the U.S. continue to increase at a rate that exceeds increases among other demographic groups. Sex dimorphism exists in the natural history (including treated natural history) of HIV infection. The Women s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) is the largest domestic cohort study of women l |
| 116 | The Influence of Vitamin A and Hormonal Contraception on HIV Transmission and Disease Progression in Women. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 116 Baeten JM, Kreiss JK, Lavreys L, McClelland RS, Sagar M, Martin HM, Richardson BA, Chohan B, Panteleeff D, Emery S, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Overbaugh J; Univ of Washington, Seattle Identification of modifiable factors that impact HIV-1 transmission and disease progression is needed, especially for resource-poor settings where options for treatment and prevention of HIV-1 are limited. Vitamin A deficiency and hormonal contraceptive use are common among women in developing countries, an |
| 117 | The Impact of Sex/Gender on Antiretroviral Therapy and its Complications. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 117 Squires K; Univ of Southern California, Los Angeles Abstract Not Available. |
| 118 | Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Entry Inhibitors Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 118 E Hunter The development of inhibitors targeted to different steps in the HIV entry process provides a high potential for synergistic, combination therapy in the foreseeable future. |
| 119 | Pathogenic Mechanisms of HIV Disease: The Multi-faceted Effects of Virus Replication and Viremia on the Host Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 119 A S Fauci Active virus replication has profound and multi-faceted effects on resting CD4+ T-cells, B-cells, and NK-cells in HIV-infected individuals involving aberrant gene expression, phenotypic abnormalities, and functional defects that likely play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of HIV disease. |
| 120 | Limited Role of Cellular Immune Responses in SIV-infected Sooty Mangabeys. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 120 Barry AP, Sumpter B, Silvestri G, Staprans SI, Feinberg MB; Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA Naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs) do not develop CD4 + T-cell depletion and AIDS despite chronic high levels of virus replication, limited anti-SIV CTL responses measured ex-vivo, and a short in vivo lifespan of infected CD4 + T-cells. We proposed that CTL responses do not contribute to control o |
| 121 | Increased SIV Viremia Following In Vivo CD8+ T-lymphocyte Depletion in Sooty Mangabeys with Natural SIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 121 Wang Z, Kassis N, Staprans S, Elliott M, O'Neil S, Schmitz JE, Reimann KA, McClure HM, Johnson RP, Kaur A; New England Regional Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA Sooty mangabeys naturally-infected with SIV do not develop AIDS despite evidence of cytopathic infection, high viral load, and high viral turnover rate. However, unlike pathogenic lentiviral infection, increased lymphocyte turnover is not detected, suggesting that there is decreased bystander cell lysis in |
| 122 | T-cell Subsets that Harbor HIV In Vivo: Implications in HIV Pathogenesis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 122 Brenchley J, Ambrozak D, Hill B, Betts M, Roederer M, Douek D, Koup R; Natl Inst of Hlth, Bethesda, MD HIV can infect non-dividing cells, but productive infection in vivo is facilitated by T-cell activation and/or proliferation. In vivo, CD4 + T-cells comprise many phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets. Infection within each of these subsets could occur with different efficiencies based upon vario |
| 123 | Systematic Analysis of Host Factors Modifying CD4+ Cell Permissiveness to HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 123 Ciuffi A, Bleiber G, Martinez R, Suarez C, Telenti A; CHUV Lausanne, Switzerland The genetic background of an individual has been shown to influence pathogenesis of HIV-1. Polymorphisms in several host genes implicated in the HIV life cycle help predict disease progression. We aimed at developing an in vitro model to identify polymorphisms in new gene candidates that restrict HIV-1 repl |
| 124 | Viral Kinetics of SIV mac251 in Acute Infection: Estimation of the "Basic Reproductive Ratio". Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 124 Mohri H, Mushtaq N, Bohm R, Gettie A, Ribeiro R, Perelson AS, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY Early viral kinetics can be characterized by the basic reproductive ratio (R0), the average number of cells infected by the progeny of an infected cell when almost all cells are uninfected. For a vaccine to prevent infection, R0 has to be driven below 1. Thus, the accurate determination of R0 is important t |
| 125lb | Mechansim of CCR5 viral dominace in macaques coinfected with CXCR4- and CCR5- SHIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 125lb Harouse JM, Buckner C, Gettie A, Fuller R, Bohm R, Blanchard J, Cheng-Mayer C; Aaron Diamond AIDS Reseacrh Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York The underlying mechanism for R5 dominance and emergence of X4 variants late in infection remains undefined. Pathogenic chimeric envelope SHIVs that transmit, replicate and induce disease with comparable efficiencies when inoculated singly into naive rhesus macaques, but are specific for either the CCR5 (SHI |
| 126 | Dual HIV-1 Infection Associated with Rapid Disease Progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 126 Gottlieb GS, Nickle DC, Jensen MA, Wong KG, Li F, Liu SL, Rademeyer C, Learn GH, Abdool Karim SS, Williamson C, Corey L, Margolick JB, Mullins JI; Univ of Washington, Seattle Infection with more than one strain of HIV has important implications for understanding HIV transmission and for vaccine development, and has led to numerous instances of recombinant viral strains of global epidemiologic significance. However, the frequency and pathogenic consequences of dual infection (wit |
| 127 | Selective Heterosexual Transmission of Envelope-constrained, Neutralization-sensitive HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 127 Derdeyn CA, Decker JM, Bibollet-Ruche F, Heil ML, Trask SA, Chen DT, Kasolo F, Musonda R, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Allen S, Hunter E; Univ of Alabama at Birmingham Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 is generally restricted to infection by one or only a few viruses from amongst a complex quasispecies. This bottleneck has been attributed in part to preferential selection of virus utilizing CCR5 (R5) as a coreceptor. However, since R5 utilization appears to be necessary |
| 128 | HIV-infected Patients Have a Defect in B-cell-CD4+ T-cell Interactions That Is Dependent on the Presence of Viremia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 128 Malaspina A, Moir S, Ehler L, Liu S, Mclaughlin M, Planta AM, Dybul M, Chun TW, Fauci A; Natl Inst of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD The induction of effective humoral immune responses involves bi-directional interactions between B cells and CD4 + T-cells, the most important of which is the upregulation on activated B cells of CD80/CD86 that then stimulate CD4 + T-cells through ligation of CD28. Here we report the effect of HIV viremia o |
| 129 | Pharmacological Cellular Sanctuaries in T- and NK-cells Resistant to Protease Inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 129 Valentin A, Poirier RH, Morrow M, Aleman K, Yarchoan R, Little R, Pavlakis GN; Natl Cancer Inst, Frederick, MD Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) fails to eradicate all the infected cells from HIV-1 infected individuals. We hypothesized that, in addition to the emergence of resistant HIV strains, therapeutic failure might be the result of suboptimal effects of drugs in infected cells due to high expressi |
| 130 | Exposure to HAART Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction: The D:A:D Study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 130 Friis-Moller N, Weber R, D'Arminio Monforte A, El-Sadr W, Reiss P, Dabis F, Morfeldt L, Wit SD, Pradier C, Calvo G, Law M, Kirk O, Sabin C, Lundgren JD; Copenhagen HIV Programme (CHIP), Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Denmark It remains controversial whether extended exposure to HAART leads to an accelerated risk of Myocardial Infarction (MI). METHODS: D:A:D is a prospective observational study of 23.490 patients (pts) from 11 cohorts in three continents. Years on HAART indicate time since start of either a PI or NNRTI. Enrolmen |
| 131 | Carotid Imtima-media Thickness in HIV-infected and Uninfected Adults: ACTG 5078. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 131 J. Currier1, M. Kendall2, K. Henry3, F. Torriani4, S. Storey5, C. Shikuma6, K. Mickelberg7, B. Alston8, M. Basar9, R. Zackin2, H. Hodis10 In a matched analysis that controlled for known risk factors for CHD, clinically relevant differences in baseline IMT were not demonstrated between subjects with dyslipidemia and over 2 yrs of PI exposure, subjects who arePI naive, and HIV-uninfected controls. Longitudinal follow-up is ongoing to determine whether rates of progression of carotid IMT are influenced by PI exposure and HIV infection. |
| 132 | Increasing Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-infected Persons in Care. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 132 R. D. Moore, J. C. Keruly, G. Lucas Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, the age-sex-race population rates of CHD and CVD would be expected to be 2/1000 PY and 3/1000 PY, respectively. Compared to national CHD and CVD rates, the incidence rates of CHD and CVD in our cohort are approximately 2-3 times higher than expected. These event rates are associated not only with expected cardiovascular risk factors, but also with antiretroviral drug use. |
| 133 | Longitudinal Associations between Antiretroviral Treatments and Quantification of Tissue Mitochondrial DNA from Ambulatory Subjects with HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 133 Cherry C, Nolan D, James I, Mallal S, McKinnon E, French M, Hammond E, Gahan M, McArthur J, Wesselingh S; Monash Univ, Melbourne, Australia The proposed basis for NRTI-associated clinical toxicities involves cellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. Critical questions remain about optimal monitoring for mitochondrial toxicity. Results are presented from two Australian sites investigating effects of antiretrovir |
| 134 | Alendronate, Vitamin D, and Calcium for theTreatment of Osteopenia/Osteoporosis Associated with HIV Infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 134 Mondy K, Powderly WG, Claxton SA, Yarasheski KE, Stoneman JS, Hoffmann ME, Tebas P; Washington Univ, St Louis, MO Osteopenia and osteoporosis are frequent complications of HIV infection and/or its treatment. Alendronate is the only bisphosphonate approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men and women. We conducted a 48 wk prospective, randomized, open label study to evaluate the effects of alendronate, vit D and c |
| 135 | Effectiveness of the 23-valent Capsular Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccination in HIV-1 Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 135 Hung CC, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Hsiao CF, Liu WJ, Sheng WH; Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei Immunization with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) may increase incidence of pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients (pts) not receiving HAART in Africa. METHODS: Pts receiving and not receiving 23-valent PPV were prospectively observed for changes of CD4 + and PVL at wk 4 of vaccination and |
| 136 | Use of Antiretroviral Therapy During Treatment of Active Tuberculosis with a Rifabutin-based Regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 136 Burman W, Benator D, Vernon A, Khan A, El-Sadr W, Silva C, Lahart C, Weis S, Mangura B, King B, Weiner M, Jones B; Denver Publ Hlth and Univ of Colorado Hlth Sci Ctr Rifabutin has been recommended for treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) because rifabutin has fewer drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs than does rifampin, thus facilitating use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We evaluated use of HAART and its outcomes among patients (pts) enr |
| 137 | Tuberculosis Relapse and Acquired Rifamycin Resistance in HIV-1 Infected Persons Is Associated with Low CD4 Count, But Is Not More Common with Rifabutin than Rifampin. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 137 Nettles R, Mazo D, Alwood K, Gachuhi R, Maltas G, Wendel K, Cronin W, Bishai W, Sterling T; Johns Hopkins Univ Sch of Med, Baltimore, MD Case-control studies have noted an association between HIV and acquired rifamycin resistance (ARR) in TB patients (pts); ARR has also been noted in HIV/TB pts treated with intermittent INH plus rifabutin or rifapentine in the continuation phase of therapy. However, there has not been a comparison of the ris |
| 138 | To Study the Safety and Antiretroviral Efficacy of Concomitant Use of Rifampicin and Efavirenz in Antiretroviral-naive Tuberculosis Co-infected HIV-1 Patients in India. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 138 Patel A, Patel K, Patel J, Shah N, Patel B; Infectious Disease Clin, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Objective: To study the safety and antiretroviral efficacy of concomitant use of rifampicin (RMP) and efavirenz (EFV) in antiretroviral-naive tuberculosis (TB) co-infected HIV-1 patients (pts) in India . |
| 139 | Childhood Exposure to Simian Virus 40 (SV40)-contaminated Poliovirus Vaccine and Risk of AIDS-associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 139 Engels EA, Rodman L, Frisch M, Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ; Natl Cancer Inst, Rockville, MD Persons with AIDS have increased risk for Non-Hodgkin s Lymphoma (NHL). Recent studies have reported detection of DNA sequences from SV40 in a large proportion of AIDS-associated NHLs. SV40 was present as an accidental contaminant in poliovirus vaccines used widely in the U.S. during 1955-1962. METHODS: The |
| 139lb | Increased Atherosclerotic Progression in Patients with HIV: The Role of Traditional and Immunologic Risk Factors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 139lb P. Hsue1, J. Lo1, A. Franklin2, A.F. Bolger1, S.G. Deeks1, D.D. Waters1 Among HIV-infected patients, carotid IMT was independently associated with classic coronary risk factors (age, LDL-C, and hypertension) and nadir CD4 count 200. These data suggest that both immunodeficiency and traditional risk factors contribute to atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals. Progression of IMT in the subset with 1 year followup was accelerated by tenfold compared to non-HIV infected populations, and was associated with age and duration of PI use. |
| 140 | The Potential for Cross Resistance Between S-1360, L-870810 and Other Structurally Diverse Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 140 Hazuda D; Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA Inhibitors of the integrase strand transfer reaction have been shown to be effective inhibitors of integration and HIV-1 replication in vitro and in vivo. S-1360 and L-870810 are the first compounds in this novel class to enter into clinical studies in HIV-1 infected patients. In the presence of human serum |
| 141 | Baseline and On-treatment Susceptibility to Enfuvirtide Seen in TORO 1 and TORO 2 to 24 Weeks. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 141 Greenberg ML, Melby T, Sista P, DeMasi R, Cammack N, Salgo M, Whitcomb J, Petropoulos C, Matthews TJ; Trimeris Inc, Durham, NC, TORO 1 and TORO 2 are randomized, open-label, controlled, multi‑center, Phase III studies of patients (pts) receiving 90 mg BID of enfuvirtide (ENF, formerly T-20) by subcutaneous injection in combination with an optimized background (OB) regimen. Here we present for the first time resistance data |
| 142 | Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 142 Abstract not available. |
| 143 | Effect of Amprenavir Hyper-susceptibility on the Response to APV/Ritonavir-based Therapy in ART-experienced Adults Selected by Baseline Susceptibility (ESS40006): 24-week Data. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 143 Schooley R, Haubrich R, Thompson M, Margolis D, Schneider S, Richman D, Pappa K, Yau L, Hessenthaler S, Hernandez J; Univ of Colorado, Denver Hyper-susceptibility (HS) to HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors (PIs) has been reported by several groups. The clinical significance of this phenomenon is unclear. METHODS: ESS40006 was designed to compare 2 regimens of Amprenavir (APV)/ Ritonavir |
| 144 | Novel Drug Resistance Profiles in Non-B Subtype HIV-1 Infections. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 144 Turner D, Brenner B, Spira B, Schapiro J, Songok M, Wainberg MA; McGill AIDS Ctr, Lady Davis Inst, Jewish Gen Hosp, Montreal, Canada Despite the expansion of HIV-1 non-B infections worldwide, there is limited information on the effects of subtype genetic diversity on virological or treatment responses. This study characterizes clade-related mutations within the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes that may impact on respons |
| 145 | Are Drug-resistance Variants Transmitted with Lower Efficiency than Wild-type? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 145 Yerly S, Jost S, Telenti A, Flepp M, Kaiser L, Chave JP, Vernazza P, Battegay M, Furrer H, Michon C, Burgisser P, Rickenbach M, Gebhardt M, Hirschel B, Perrin L; Geneva Univ Hosp Switzerland We assessed whether HIV-1 transmission is influenced by mutations associated with drug-resistance by comparing drug-resistance profiles between recently infected (RI) individuals and potential transmitters. METHODS: From 1999-2001, sequencing of pol gene was performed in 225 consecutive Swiss RI patients (p |
| 146 | Viral and Immune Correlates of Discordant CD4/VL Responses to NNRTI-based HAART and Comparison to a Discordant Cohort Receiving Protease Inhibitor-Based HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2003 Feb 10-14;10th: abstract no. 146 Linden D, Sufka S, Ferrari G, Fiscus S, Wrin T, Gryszowka V, Exley B, Weinhold K, Hellman N, Petropoulous |