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1st International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and TreatmentBuenos Aires, Argentina - July 8-11, 2001 |
| Plenary Lectures | |
| PL1. | LEARNING BASIC SCIENCE FROM CLINICAL TRIALS David D. Ho Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA. Abstract: First, the virus can lay dormant within resting memory CD4 T cells, creating a latent reservoir that decays slowly during treatment with currently available drug regimens. Second, recent experiments show that HIV replication has not been completely stopped, and the virus continues to replicate despite undetectable viremia. Attempting to overcome these obstacles, we have designed and tested a new drug regimen (lopinavir/ritonavir, efavirenz, lamivudine and tenofovir) that has resulted in a substantially faster decay of plasma viremia in treated individuals. These new data suggest that the potency of current antiretroviral regimens could be improved significantly. |
| PL2. | CURRENT CONTROVERSIES IN ANTIRETROVIRAL AND POTENTIAL SOLUTION: TRANSLATING SCIENCE INTO ACTION. Julio S. Abstract: Taken together these developments suggest that further optimization of antiretroviral therapy may be achieved by strategic targeting of such programs, as well as optimizing their safety. It should be stressed, however, that with the increasing complexity of HIV management the success of such programs will be highly dependant on the development of appropriate infrastructure, specifically including adherence support for HIV infected individuals and ongoing treatment and education for their treaters. |
| PL3. | FOSTERING ACCESS TO HIV/AIDS CARE AND TREATMENT Vella, S. Abstract: The International Fund should also be used to provide antiretroviral drugs to the South of the world. However, it is a serious mistake to think that provision of the drugs alone will be enough to solve the crisis. Even with radical price reductions, millions of poor people will still lack access to HIV treatment if adequate health services infrastructure is not available. Provision of antiretrovirals need to be accompanied by resources for counselling and testing, drug distribution, education and training of health care providers, development of treatment protocols, and monitoring. In summary, it would require strengthening of the local health care infrastructure, which subsequently could have a major positive impact on other diseases affecting these countries. Science should play an important role, by re-orienting research efforts towards the South. Particularly, through the development of new safe, effective and cheap drugs, microbicides and vaccines, and through the exploration of new treatment strategies such as immune interventions, pulsed or intermittent treatments, and easier monitoring systems. |
| PL4. | HOST FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HIV DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. Abstract: Therefore, a number of approaches that may reduce a patient's reliance on HAART are being pursued for the long-term control of HIV disease. Among these are variations on the theme of strategically interrupting therapy. In acutely infected individuals, recent data indicate that strategic therapy interruptions are associated with a likely enhancement of the immunological responses that could control viremia. With chronically infected individuals, who may have substantial immune system damage, the situation is somewhat different. In this patient group, a number of structured therapy interruption protocols have focused on the concept of allowing the virus to rebound and "autoimmunize" against the virus, thereby enhancing the immune system. Generally these protocols resume therapy after interruption only when plasma virus rises to pre-determined levels. We have taken a somewhat different approach, in which patients discontinue and resume therapy at pre-determined times: either two months on therapy followed by one month off; or seven days on therapy followed by seven days off. |
| PL5. | MOLECULAR RETROVIROLOGY: VIRAL LIFE CYCLE AND REGULATORY GENES. Bryan R. Cullen Abstract: In contrast to Tat, Rev acts at the posttranscriptional level and is essential for the nuclear export, and hence translation, of late viral mRNA species. Rev binds to these RNAs, via an RNA target termed the RRE, and also to a cellular factor termed Crm1, which mediates the actual RNA export. Recently, we have been able to construct an entirely synthetic Rev-like nuclear export factor that consists of a bacterial RNA binding domain linked to an heterologous Crm1 binding domain. The finding that this synthetic protein can fully substitute for Rev demonstrates that Crm1 recruitment is the sole function of HIV-1 Rev. Therefore, both Tat and Rev serve simply to target pre-existing cellular factors to novel RNA target sites present in the HIV-1 genome. |
| PL6. | HIV: TWENTY YEARS AFTER THE DISCOVERY OF THE AIDS EPIDEMIC Barre-Sinoussi, F Abstract: Not submitted. |
| Oral Sessions | |
| Session 1, Oral: Clinical Trials 1 Monday, July 9th |
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| 1. | NNRTIS vs. PIS: WITH WHAT TO START THERAPY Clotet, B Abstract: For patients with very low CD4 cell count (< 100/mm³) and high viral loads (VL> 100,000 copies/ml) an approach with a high genetic barrier (PI based HAART) could be better as a first line treatment than an NNRTIs based ARV therapy (low genetic barrier). The risk for subsequent development of lypodistrophy (LD) depends on the prolonged use of NRTIs associated to PIs. Some specific NRTIs and PIs may produce a higher incidence of fat redistribution and/or lipoatrophy. Proper use of these drugs and selection of those associated with a lower risk of LD may reduce significantly this adverse effect. Subsequent switch of the PI by an NNRTI may reduced further the risk of lypodistrophy. Some PIs do not produce severe dislipemia while some NNRTIs may be associated with significant changes in the lipid metabolism. Additional issues like cross-resistance, viral fitness, local prevalence of primary resistances, long-tern toxicities should also be taken into consideration for selecting the first choice. |
| 2. | ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY, SAFETY AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF MOZENAVIR(DMP 450), A NOVEL CYCLIC UREA PROTEASE INHIBITOR, IN COMBINATION WITH D4T AND 3TC IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS(STUDY DMP-102) Sierra-Madero, J. Abstract: The 24 Week data show that all three doses of mozenavir produced significant antiviral activity comparable to that of indinavir. The safety analyses show good tolerability and safety for all doses tested with no difference noted in regards to effects on cardiac repolarization. |
| 3. | SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TIPRANAVIR, A NON-PEPTIDIC PROTEASE INHIBITOR, IN MULTIPLE PI-FAILURE PATIENTS (BI 1182.2) Curry R, Markowitz M, Slater L, Neubacher D, Robinson P, Cotton G, BI 1182.2 STUDY TEAM Abstract: Both dose regimens of TPV and low dose RTV plus EFV and 1 new NRTI were well tolerated and demonstrated durable, potent antiviral activity in a population of patients with multiple PI failure. |
| 4. | A RANDOMISED, OPEN LABEL STUDY TO INVESTIGATE ABACAVIR ( ABC) AND LAMIVUDINE ( 3TC) AS ONCE DAILY (QD) COMPONENTS OF A TRIPLE COMBINATION REGIMEN (EPV40001). Bowonwatanuwong C, Mootsikapun P, Supparatpinyo K, Tansuphaswadikul S, Athisegran R, Pasook P, Jones A Abstract: In this pilot study, both 3TC QD and ABC QD were effective as components of HAART. Both 3TC and ABC warrant further investigation as components of complete once daily regimens. |
| 5. | PHASE II 24-WEEK DATA FROM STUDY AI424-008: COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF BMS-232632, STAVUDINE, LAMUVIDINE AS HAART FOR TREATMENT-NAÏVE HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Cahn P, Percival L, Phanuphak P, Sanne I, Kelleher T, Giordano M Abstract: BMS-232632 is safe and well-tolerated and associated with substantially lower concentrations in the serum lipids known to increase cardiovascular risk. The unblinded 24-week results, including efficacy (proportion <50 c/mL and <400 c/mL, and CD4), tolerability and safety will be reported. |
| 6. | KALETRA VS. NELFINAVIR IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE SUBJECTS: WEEK 60 COMPARISON IN A PHASE III, BLINDED, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL Ruane P, Mendonca J, Timerman A, Cernohous P, Bauer E, Bernstein B, Sun E Abstract: A significantly greater proportion of LPV/r-treated subjects achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL at Week 60. Both regimens were well tolerated, as manifested by the low incidence of study drug-related discontinuations through Week 60. |
| 7. | FINAL 12-MONTH RESULTS FROM THE COMBINE STUDY: A RANDOMIZED, OPEN, MULTICENTER TRIAL COMPARING COMBIVIR PLUS NELFINAVIR OR NEVIRAPINE IN NAÏVE PATIENTS Podzamczer D, Ferrer E, Consiglio E, Gatell J, Perez P, Perez J, Luna E, González A, Pedrol E, Lozano L Abstract: Our results suggest that CNr has at least similar efficacy than a protease inhibitor-containing regimen of CNf. Both regimens have an acceptable tolerance. A simple 4-pill CNr regimen may be an excellent option for HIV-infected pts who initiate antiretroviral therapy. |
| Session 2, Oral: Vaccine Development Monday, July 9th |
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| 8. | IMMUNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR HIV VACCINE DEVELOPMENT Jorge Flores Abstract: While non-human primate models have been successfully employed in evaluating vaccine candidates, understanding correlates of protection and streamlining the number of candidates entering clinical trials, the evaluation of vaccine efficacy will ultimately require large clinical trials in which immunological and virological correlates of immunity are examined at the same time that protection from infection or amelioration of disease are assessed. |
| 9. | ANTIBODY PROTECTION OF MACAQUES AGAINST VAGINAL CHALLENGE WITH A PATHOGENIC R5 HIV-1/SIV CHIMERIC VIRUS REQUIRES COMPLETE NEUTRALIZATION OF VIRUS Parren P, Marx P, Luckay A, Harouse J, Cheng-Mayer C, Moore J, Burton D Abstract: A major unknown in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) vaccine design is the efficacy of antibodies in preventing mucosal transmission of R5 viruses. These viruses, which use CCR5 as coreceptor, appear to be crucial in transmission of HIV-1 in humans. |
| 10. | IMMUNOGENICITY AND PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF A PRIME BOOST STRATEGY USING DNA-MVA HIV/SIV VACCINES IN MACAQUES Biberfeld G, Mäkitalo B, Sutter G, Ten Haaft P, Wahren B, Thorstensson R Abstract: To investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a prime boost strategy using DNA-MVA HIV/SIV vaccines were explored in cynomolgus monkeys. |
| 11. | IDENTIFICATION OF HIV-SPECIFIC CD4+ T CELLS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF HIV-1- INFECTED INDIVIDUALS BY TETRAMERIC HLA-DR MOLECULES COVALENTLY COMPLEXED WITH PEPTIDES. Yassine Diab B, Younes S, Breton G, Macdonald K, Routy J, Connors M, Sekaly R Abstract: Previous reports have demonstrated the presence of potent HIV-specific responses in primary HIV infection (PI), which were maintained either in long-term non-progressors (LTNP) or in individuals treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). The major goals of this work were to characterize the origin of HIV-specific CD4+ T cells and to identify their role in disease progression. |
| 12. | TOWARDS A MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BROAD NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN ANTI-GP120 ANTIBODY B12 Zwick M, Ollmann Saphire E, Pantophlet R, Dawson P, Wilson I, Parren P, Burton D Abstract: The human monoclonal antibody (mAb) b12 potently neutralizes a broad range of primary isolates of HIV-1. |
| 13. | ENHANCED EFFICACY OF VLP BASED DNA PRIME/PROTEIN BOOST IMMUNIZATION OF MACAQUES AGAINST PATHOGENIC SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (SIV) USING IL-12 AND GM-CSF ADJUVANTS Kraiselburd E, Martinez I, Israel Z, Sidhu M, Villinger F, Montefiori D, Stout R Abstract: Our studies investigated the potential for VecB7, a SIVsm DNA-based vaccine that produces virus-like particles (VLP) in vitro, to induce protective responses in rhesus macaques using a DNA prime/protein boost strategy. |
| 14. | REVERSION KINETICS OF A LIVE ATTENUATED SIV CAN BE IMPAIRED BY THE M184V MUTATION IN THE SIV RT Whitney J Abstract: The development of an effective HIV vaccine has presented a considerable challenge. Towards this end a significant number of SIV based models have already been developed, most employing deletion of viral accessory genes. In contrast to these approaches our lab has developed a set of novel attenuated SIV mac candidates containing deletions within the 5 region of the leader sequence. These constructs displayed marked attenuation in cell lines and monkey PBMCs. |
| Session 3, Oral: Immunological & Virological Markers of Outcome Monday, July 9th |
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| 15. | MODELLING OF LONG TERM TREATMENT RESPONSES Professor B G Gazzard MA MD FRCP Abstract: As effective treatment for HIV treatment has only developed recently and is rapidly evolving, it is not surprising there are no studies yet published to guide optimum long term strategic drug treatment. In the absence of such sub-studies mathematical analysis using mark-off models are useful in understanding the importance of some of the issues involved and can help to guide health economic analysis, optimum time to initiate treatment and best first treatment options. Much of this work has been pioneered by Dr Pablo Tebas who has demonstrated that later initiation of treatment may be associated with a better long term outcome and reduced drug resistance. He has also suggested that the intuitive initiation with the most potent antiretroviral regime may not provide the best long term outcome if such treatments are not durable or tend in failure to allow virus to reappear in the circulation which does not respond well to the second regime. Using similar models, cost effectiveness analysis has indicated that antiretroviral therapies are amongst the most effective and cheapest treatments for chronic diseases and that even in some of the developing world, such therapies should be seriously considered as a viable option. |
| 16. | VIRAL LOAD, PERCENTAGE CD4 CELL COUNT AND SURVIVAL IN HIV MONOTYPIC AND DUAL INFECTIONS IN WEST AFRICA Alabi S, Blanchard T, Shabbar J, Corrah T, Ariyoshi K, Berry N, Whittle H Abstract: Both plasma viraemia and CD4% were independently associated with survival in HIV-2 infection, while only CD4% was independently associated with survival in HIV-1 and in dual infections. After adjusting for plasma viraemia and CD4%, survival in HIV-1 or HIV-2 infected individuals did not differ significantly. Our findings give new insight into how these two viruses differ; and may provide the means with which patients are better counselled about their prognosis, and by which therapies might be tested and monitored. |
| 17. | CLINICAL COURSE OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH DETECTABLE VIREMIA WHILE ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Tenorio A, Smith K, Sha B, Kuritzkes D, Landay A, Kessler H Abstract: To characterize the clinical, immunologic and virologic course of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with stable detectable viremia (viral load or VL: 50-10,000 copies/ml) for > 6 months (plateau subjects or P). |
| 18. | QUANTIFYING 'PARADOXICAL' CD4 RESPONSES AMONG A CLOSELY FOLLOWED COHORT OF PATIENTS INITIATING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Wood E, Yip B, Hogg R, Sherlock C, Harrigan R, O'shaughnessy M, Montaner J Abstract: We have characterized pVL and CD4 cell responses in a closely followed cohort of patients initiating triple drug therapy to evaluate determinants and prevalence of ‘discordant’ CD4 responses |
| 19. | IMMUNE ACTIVATION IS A MAJOR CAUSE FOR CD4 DECLINE DURING HIV INFECTION;BETTER CORRELATION OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION MARKERS THAN HIV PLASMA VIRAL LOAD TO CD4 LEVELS Bentwich Z, Kalinkovich S, Leng Q, Weissman Z, Borkow G Abstract: Study the role of T-cell immune activation and proliferation and HIV-1 plasma viral load (VL) in determining CD4+ T-cell levels during HIV-1 infection. |
| 20. | CCR5 HAPLOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED RATES OF HIV-1 VERTICAL TRANSMISSION AND PROGRESSION TO DISEASE IN CHILDREN Mangano A, Gonzalez E, Catano G, Bologna R, Ahuja S, Sen L Abstract: Genetic variation in CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), the major coreceptor for HIV-1 cell entry, has been associated with differences in susceptibility to infection as well as disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of CCR5 genotypes in HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and progression to AIDS in infected children. |
| Session 4, Oral: Viral Reservoires Monday, July 9th |
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| 21. | IN PATIENTS ON PROLONGED HAART, A SIGNIFICANT PART OF HIV-INFECTED CD4 T CELLS ARE SPECIFIC OF HIV ANTIGENS Taoufik Y, Demoustier A, Lambotte O, Degoer M, Wallon C, Goujard C, Delfraissy J Abstract: HAART allows the reduction of plasma HIV RNA to undetectable levels for prolonged periods in many patients. |
| 22. | THE RECTAL MUCOSA IS A SITE OF HIV-1 REPLICATION AND SHEDDING AND CD4+ T-CELL DEPLETION IN MEN WITH CHRONIC HIV-1 INFECTION Tabet S, Brodie S, Dondero D, Haggitt R, Huang M, Kelly C, Celum C Abstract: The GI tract is an early site of HIV/SIV replication and associated with marked CD4+ T cell depletion, yet data is limited in chronic HIV infection. |
| 23. | EARLY HIV-1 DNA LEVEL PREDICTS DISEASE PROGRESSION AND DEATH INDEPENDENTLY OF HIV-RNA LEVEL AND CD4 CELL COUNT Rouzioux C Abstract: HIV DNA is the best predictor of disease progression; it should help on the difficult decision when to start antiretroviral therapy. |
| 24. | PERSISTENCE OF LOW-GRADE HIV-1 REPLICATION IN RESTING MEMORY T CELLS IN PERSONS INITIATING EARLY AND AGGRESIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Brodie S, Berrey M, Patterson B, Mullins J, Stevenson M, Corey L Abstract: Early combination antiretroviral therapy may preserve HIV-1-suppressive mechanisms important in the containment of viral replication following the interruption of therapy. |
| 25. | MONITORING INTRACELLULAR HIV1 REPLICATION IN BLOOD AND LYMPHOID TISSUE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL NAÏVE SUBJECTS RECEIVING AMPRENAVIR (APV), ABACAVIR (ABC), AND 3TC (COLA3003 STUDY) Patterson B, Becker S, Snidow J, Pobiner B, Landay A Abstract: This regimen results in less persistent viral replication in peripheral blood. Macrophages may represent a relatively resistant cellular reservoir during HAART therapy necessitating cell-specific viral load monitoring and cell-specific antiretroviral therapy. |
| 26. | PERSISTENT DEPLETION OF CD4 + T CELLS IN LYMPHOID TISSUES AMONG PATIENTS RANDOMIZED TO TRIPLE NUCLEOSIDE VS. PROTEASE OR NONNUCLEOSIDE CONTAINING REGIMENS IN THE ATLANTIC STUDY Schacker T, Ngyuen P, Gatell J, Horban A, Berzins B, Lange J, Murphy R Abstract : Standard combinations of drugs for HIV therapy include 2 nucleoside analogues (NA) + 1 protease inhibitor (PI) or 2 NA + 1 non-nucleoside analogue (NNA) and recently regimens of 3 NA have been recommended. |
| 27. | DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN VIRAL LOAD, RESISTANCE PROFILE AND PROTEASE INHIBITORS' CONCENTRATION IN HIV-1 RESERVOIRS AND SANCTUARIES Chadapaud S, Hittinger G, Solas C, Halfon P, Khiri H, Lacarelle B, Lafeuillade A Abstract: To assess viral load, genotypic resistance and protease inhibitors’(PI) diffusion in viral reservoirs and sanctuaries during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). |
| 28. | VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN RESERVOIRS IN HIV-INFECTED NAÏVE PATIENTS TREATED WITH COMBIVIR PLUS NELFINAVIR (CNF) OR NEVIRAPINE (CNR) Ferrer E, Podzamczer D, Perez P, Perez J, Estela J, Maños M, Lozano L, Sole R, Martínez - La Casa J, Casado A Abstract: Both CNf and CNr achieve a virological response in reservoirs. However, anti HIV-1 activity may be suboptimal in lymphoid tissue, at least in some pts. The long term clinical significance of a rebound in HIV-1 RNA in LT and not in plasma is unclear. |
| Session 5, Oral: Treatment Strategies Monday, July 9th |
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| 29. | STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS (STIS) Diane V. Havlir Abstract: STIs are also being evaluated as a means to reduce pill burden and drug toxicity. In areas with limited resources, such strategies offer the possibility of increasing ARV access. The optimal timing and duration of STIs in these patients are not known. "Flexible" schedules which trigger re-institution of therapy for either a CD4 , an HIV RNA threshold or both represent one strategy. "Fixed" schedules designating duration of STI represent an alternate approach. Risks of STIs for these patients include drug resistance, repopoulation of HIV reservoirs that were gradually diminishing, and subtle effects on quality of life including cognitive function. |
| 30. | THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (TDM) OF NELFINAVIR (NFV) AND INDINAVIR (IDV) IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE PATIENTS IMPROVES THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME AFTER 1 YEAR: RESULTS FROM ATHENA Burger D, Hugen P, Droste J, Huitema A Abstract: TDM of NFV and IDV in treatment-naïve patients improves treatment outcome and should become standard of care. |
| 31. | EFFECTS OF PROLONGED DISCONTINUATION OF SUCCESSFUL ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Tebas P, Henry K, Mondy K, Deeks S, Valdez H, Cohen C, Powderly W Abstract: CD4 cells counts decline progressively after discontinuing successful antiretroviral therapy. Most of the patients remained asymptomatic (if CD4 >200). Eleven subjects that restarted therapy reached undetectability again, suggesting that virologic resistance does not appear. Strategies that administer therapy intermittently, with prolong periods of treatment interruption deserve further evaluation. |
| 32. | CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC OUTCOMES ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VIROLOGIC SUPPRESSION (VS) AFTER UNDETECTABILITY ON HAART Abgrall S, Duval X, Joly V, Descamps D, Matheron S, Costagliola D Abstract: To evaluate factors associated with a durable virologic suppression (DVS) on HAART or different levels of viral rebound (VR) and to estimate the subsequent clinical and immunologic outcomes. |
| 33. | DURATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL ADHERENCE PREDICTS BIOLOGIC OUTCOMES IN CLINICAL TRIALS Friedland GH, Mannheimer S, Matts J, Child C, Telzak E, Chesney M Abstract: Both the level and duration of self reported adh predicts therapeutic outcome. The maintenance of consistent high levels of adh is critical and a significant determinant of virologic outcome. Long-term interventions to maintain high levels of adh are needed. |
| Session 6, Oral: Prevention and Access to ARV in Resource - Limited Settings Monday, July 9th |
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| 34. | THE CASE FOR ANTIRETROVIRALS Lange, J. Abstract: Not submitted. |
| 35. | THE ABSTRACTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF ARV IN RESOURCES POOR SETTINGS Covadia, H. Abstract: Not submitted. |
| 36. | A ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR Tsetsele Fantan Abstract: The Government of Botswana and De Beers Centenary AG own Debswana Diamond Company in equal shares. The Company mine diamonds at three locations in Botswana namely Orapa, Letlhakane and Jwaneng. In addition the Botswana Diamond Valuing Company which sorts and values diamonds, the Teemane Manufacturing Company which cuts and polishes diamonds and Morupule Colliery are wholly owned subsidiaries of Debswana. The Company head office is in Gaborone.The Company contributes 33% of GDP, up to 65% of government revenue and over 80% of foreign exchange from diamonds. It is one of the major employers and provides a substantial portion of the technical training in the country. The Company operates in a high HIV prevalence country and region. At the end of 1999, the adult prevalence rate was estimated at 35.8% and in 2000 it was at 38.5%. |
| 37. | AFRICAN COMPREHENSIVE HIV/AIDS PARTNERSHIP (ACHAP) de Korte, Donald F Abstract: All activities are being conducted in close collaboration with the National Coordinating AIDS Agency, Ministry of Health in Botswana and other key stakeholders. |
37b. | WHAT CAN THE PUBLIC SECTOR DO Anabwani, G. Abstract: Not submitted |
| 38. | THE CURRENT STATUS OF ACCESS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE WORLD Vitoria, M Abstract: The direct and indirect causes for this dramatic scenario are obvious, but the short and long term solutions are apparently difficult to implement, involving a strong and organized effort by the international community associated with political commitment by local governments, more effective and flexible negotiation with pharmaceutics industries. In this context, the participation of civil society in the whole process will be crucial. |
| Session 7, Oral: Liver Diseases and HIV Monday, July 9th |
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| 40. | HIV AND HEPATITIS: A STORY OF SCRAMBLED LETTERS Francesca J. Torriani Abstract: Meanwhile, more studies should focus on the mechanisms involved with sexual transmission, on HCV virus and host factors leading to the persistence of this infection, on plasma and hepatic viral dynamics in acute infection and during treatment. Finally, because the available therapies are scarce at this time, new drug combinations should be evaluated. |
| 41. | MECHANISMS OF DRUG INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY Marion Peters Abstract: Drug induced hepatotoxicity in HIV subjects has become of increasing importance in the era of HAART, especially with the high incidence of viral hepatitis and non alcoholic steatohepatitis in these subjects. |
| 42. | PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Soriano, V; García-Samaniego, J; Pérez-Olmeda, M; Barreiro, P; Núnez, M; Rodríguez-Rosado, R; Jiménez-Nácher, I Abstract: The combination of Peg-IFN and RBV is relatively well-tolerated and provides a high rate of virological and biochemical response in the short-term in HIV+ subjects with CHC. |
| 43. | INCIDENCE OF HEPATOTOXICITY AND MORTALITY IN 21 ADULT ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT TRIALS Reisler, R; Liou, S; Servoss, J; Robbins, G; Theodore, D; Murphy, R; Chung, R Abstract: In a large U.S. HIV cohort (1) there is a high rate of severe ART hepatotoxicity irrespective of class. (2) in all groups except PI-containing triple regimens, severe hepatotoxicity led to frequent permanent treatment discontinuation. (3) of reported deaths, there was a significant hepatic-associated mortality. (4) among NNRTIs, there was a high rate of hepatotoxicity, particularly with NVP and EFV, with high rates of discontinuation; mortality was infrequent. |
| 44. | ANALYSES OF FOUR KEY CLINICAL TRIALS TO ASSESS THE RISK OF HEPATOTOXICITY WITH NEVIRAPINE: CORRELATION WITH CD4+ LEVELS, HEPATITIS B & C SEROPOSITIVITY, AND BASELINE LIVER FUNCTIONS TESTS Dieterich, D; Stern, J; Robinson, P; Hall, D; Carlier, H Abstract: Population based cohort studies have suggested the incidence of hepatic events in NVP treated patients is low. Observed rates in clinical trials appear to depend on several risk factors: baseline CD4+ >= 350 cells/mm³, baseline ALT/AST or co-infection with Hep B or C. |
| 45. | HEPATIC AND CUTANEOUS TOXICITY ATTRIBUTED TO NEVIRAPINE (NVP) Bennett, C; Johnson, S; Lynch, P; Lloyd, K; Murphy, R Abstract: NVP should be targeted to persons with CD4s < 200 cells/mm³ and accompanied by liver function monitoring during the first three months of treatment. |
| Session 8, Oral: State of the Art in Envelope & Receptor Interactions Monday, July 9th |
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| 46. | FUSION INHIBITORS IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT Eron, J. Associate Professor of Medicine Abstract: Combination antiretroviral therapy has had a profound impact on the clinical management of HIV-1 infection. However, despite the availability of 15 or more anti-HIV agents, toxicity and drug resistance severely limit the long-term control of viral replication in many HIV-1 infected individuals. This presentation focuses on new classes of antiretroviral agents directed at preventing entry of HIV-1 into susceptible cells by inhibiting fusion of the virus with the host cell membrane. |
| 47. | COMBINATION THERAPY WITH ATTACHMENT/ENTRY INHIBITORS Cecile Tremblay Abstract: A better understanding of the attachment and fusion process will help us define how to use agents targeting different steps of the entry process, either combined with each other or with antiretrovirals from other classes. |
| 48. | DC-SIGN ON DENDRITIC CELLS, NOVEL HIV RECEPTOR, RELATED MOLECULES Yvette van Kooyk Abstract: DC-SIGN captures HIV-1 through a mannose dependent interaction with the envelope glycoprotein gp120. Deglycosylation of gp120 results in a complete loss of its bindings activity to DC-SIGN. DC-SIGN does not function as a receptor for viral entry into DC, but instead promotes efficient infection in trans of cells that express CD4 and chemokine receptors. Mutational analysis demonstrate unique but distinct residues in DC-SIGN that regulate capture of HIV and binding of ICAM molecules. Closely located to the gene of DC-SIGN a highly homologous receptor which we named L-SIGN was identified. L-SIGN functions similar to DC-SIGN a HIV-gp120 binding receptor but its tissue is completely distinct from that of DC-SIGN. These studies suggest that the interaction between DC-SIGN and L-SIGN with gp120 may be an important target for therapeutic intervention and vaccine development. |
| 49. | HIV-1 CORECEPTORS AND THE DETERMINANTS OF PATHOGENESIS IN LYMPHOID TISSUES. Mark A. Goldsmith Abstract: The determinants of HIV-induced pathogenesis in lymphoid tissue environments are only partially understood. Specifially, the roles played by the cellular states of activation, replication and differentiation in governing susceptibility to infection and/or depletion by HIV-1 are not fully delineated. In order to define further the molecular determinants of infection and pathogenesis, we have exploited ex vivo human lymphoid histocultures that recapitulate certain virus/host interactions that are integral to disease development in vivo. |
| Session 9, Invited Lectures 1-2 Monday, July 9th |
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| IL-1. | MAKING SENSE OF PRIMATE LENTIVIRAL ACCESSORY GENE FUCTIONS Stevenson, M. Abstract: The genomes of primate immunodeficiency viruses contain several novel open reading frames which encode the so-called accessory proteins. |
| IL-2. | NEW ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS IN LATE CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT Murphy, Robert Abstract: Of specific interest, there appears to be no effect on serum lipid levels, a potentially significant advantage over other protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The only problem to date has been elevations in indirect bilirubin of unknown clinical consequence. The new agents in development are likely to provide further options and significant benefit for patients initiating therapy and for those requiring therapy following treatment failure. |
| Session 10, Oral: Invited Lectures 3-4 Monday, July 9th |
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| IL-3. | MODELING T CELL DYNAMICS DURING HIV INFECTION Alan S. Perelson Abstract: Analyzing these results with a newly developed mathematical model indicates that both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte turnover rates are elevated several-fold in HIV-1 infection, and these rates begin to normalize within a few months of effective antiretroviral therapy. This implies that the major immunologic consequence of successful treatment is to reduce lymphocyte destruction and turnover, not to enhance cellular production or re-distribution. |
| IL-4. | COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HAART Kenneth A. Freedberg Abstract: These methods can also be used to understand the value of HIV prevention efforts. HIV control in low-income countries will likely depend on a balance of prevention and treatment interventions. Formal cost-effectiveness analysis provides a valuable mechanism for generating the kind of information that clinicians and policy makers need to achieve such a balance. |
| Session 11, Oral: Update on Resistance Monday, July 9th |
50-52. | "REVIEW AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN DRUG RESISTANCE AND NOVEL STRATEGIES IN HIV THERAPY" Boucher, C.; Larder, B.; Mellors, J.; Richman, D. Abstract: Not submitted. |
| Session 12, Oral: Update on Pharmacological Issues Monday, July 9th |
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| 53. | PHARMACOGENOMICS David J Back Abstract: In relation to HIV and drug therapy areas of particular interest are polymorphism in drug metabolising enzymes and transport molecules. The potential consequence of an individual having either a poor metaboliser genotype or an ultrarapid metaboliser genotype will be reflected in altered pharmacokinetic profiles and consequently response. Some of the polymorphic enzymes are CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, NAT, UDPGT (?). There is also recent data showing that variability in expression of P-glycoprotein is determined by a polymorphism in exon 26 and that individuals with the variant genotype have altered kinetics of several drugs. Currently studies in HIV positive patients are focussing on relating plasma and intracellular concentrations of antiretrovirals to transporter expression, function and genotype. Another area of considerable interest is the possible overepresentation of certain alleles in patients with lipodystrophy. We are well and truly in the post-genomic era and have to face the exciting challenges head on in order to ensure that patients receive maximal benefit from existing and new drugs. |
| 54. | THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING: A MUST FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE? David Burger Abstract: Many laboratories are now introducing TDM. It is important to recognize that external quality control is essential before TDM is used in patient care. For the protease inhibitors and the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors relationships between plasma levels and effect have been demonstrated. Target concentrations can be defined, but it is important to realize that in treatment-experienced patients also the sensitivity of the virus to the drug should be determined. There is a wide range of possible interventions (dose modifications, addition of low-dose ritonavir, etc.) to improve the pharmacokinetics, but few studies have evaluated these strategies. Measuring drug levels is meaningless if physicians do not follow the advices, so the introduction of TDM should be accompanied by educational programs. Finally, two randomized controlled trials have been presented recently. The French Pharmadapt study included treatment-experienced patients and could not demonstrate any benefit of TDM. The Dutch Athena study has shown that TDM of nelfinavir and indinavir in treatment-naïve patients improves the outcome after one year of follow-up. A couple of other TDM studies are now ongoing and will show us how to use TDM in clinical practice. |
| 55. | DRUG INTERACTIONS IN HIV MEDICINE: HOW MUCH DO THEY MATTER? Stephen C. Piscitelli Abstract: The study and management of drug interactions in HIV-infected patients has undergone dramatic changes within the past 5 years. Originally considered a problem that needed to be avoided, the use of certain drug interactions has become standard of care to increase adherence, lower pill burden, improve convenience, and even lower costs. Dual protease inhibitors have become a classic example of how to use pharmacokinetic interactions to improve drug therapy. However, a number of issues remain including which doses/regimens are most effective, management of toxicity, and wide inter-patient variability. |
| Session 13, Oral: Antiretroviral Therapy Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 56. | STI VS. CONTINUOUS HAART DURING CHRONIC HIV INFECTION Lori F, Foli A, Tomasoni L, Maggiolo F, Hurwitz S, Lisziewicz J, Maserati R Abstract: Encouraging (VL decrease and CD4 increase similar to continuous therapy, or improved) and tempering (transient CD4 loss and VL rebound without set-point reduction) results must be weighed to assess whether STI is a valuable alternative for long-term control of HIV. |
| 57. | EVALUATION OF A TRIPLE COMBINATION REGIMEN CONTAINING ENTERIC COATED DIDANOSINE ADMINISTERED ONCE-DAILY Badaro R, Gathe J, Grimwood A, McLaren C, Klesczewski K Abstract: VIDEX EC capsules dosed QD provide antiviral activity in a triple regimen similar to a reference triple regimen in treatment-naïve, HIV-infected subjects. |
| 58. | A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF TREATMENT SIMPLIFICATION WITH NEVIRAPINE (NVP) OR EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IN PATIENTS RESPONDING TO A PROTEASE INHIBITOR(PI) BASED COMBINATION. Patterson P, Krolewiecki A, Ochoa C, Pryluka D, Perez H, Zala C, Cahn P Abstract: These preliminary data suggest that switching from a PI-containing HAART to either NVP or EFV allow a continued control of viral replication. However, in this study treatment-limiting toxicity was higher in the NVP arm. |
| 59. | HIV-NAT 001.3: The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of 1,600 mg saquinavir (soft-gelatin capsules; SQV-SGC) plus low dose ritonavir (RTV, 100 mg) in a once-daily (qd) dosing regimen in HIV-1-infected Thai patients Cardiello P, Van Heeswijk R, Monhaphol T, Ubolyam S, Cooper D, Lange J, Phanuphak P Abstract: Both our clinical and PK results support the use of SQV-SGC/RTV 1,600/100 mg qd as a convenient regimen to maintain suppression of viral replication in patients with a pVL < 50 copies/mL, in combination with two NRTIs. |
| 60. | CONTINUED INDINAVIR (800 mg TID) VERSUS SWITCHING TO INDINAVIR+RITONAVIR (800/100 mg BID) IN HIV PATIENTS HAVING ACHIEVED VIRAL LOAD SUPPRESSION. A RANDOMIZED STUDY:THE BID EFFICACY AND SAFETY TRIAL Cahn P, Casiró A, Puentes T, David D, Richter C, Stek M, Gatell J Abstract: BID administration of IDV 800 mg with RTV 100 mg is generally well tolerated and maintains viral suppression in stable HIV-infected patients in comparison with the standard TID regimen. Final data at 12 months will be presented. |
| 61. | GREATER SUPPRESSION OF CD8 ACTIVATION WITH 4 VS 3 DRUGS IN EARLY STAGES OF PRIMARY HIV INFECTION (PHI) DESPITE SIMILAR PLASMA VIROLOGICAL DECAY RATES. Smith D, Zaunders J, Kauffman G, Cunningham P, Grey P, Goh L, Cooper D Abstract: Although viral load decay rates did not differ with the use of more ARV agents in very early PHI disease in this non-randomised study, immunological markers of T-cell activation were significanlty reduced, suggesting greater suppression of HIV replication, below the currently detectable levels in plasma |
| 62. | DIFFERENCES IN VIROLOGIC SUPPRESSION AMONG MEN AND WOMEN ENROLLED IN A POPULATION-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAM O'connell J, Braitstein P, Hogg R, Yip B, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner J, Burdge D Abstract: To characterize the determinants of plasma HIV-RNA suppression to below 500 copies/mL in women and men in British Columbia, and to explore possible gender differences in plasma viral load suppression after antiretroviral therapy. |
| 63. | ABACAVIR/COMBIVIR (ABC/COM) IS COMPARABLE TO INDINAVIR/COMBIVIR IN HIV-1 INFECTED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY NAÏVE ADULTS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A 48-WEEK OPEN LABEL STUDY (CNA3014) Vibhagool A, Cahn P, Schechter M, Soto-Ramirez L, Montroni M, Smaill F, Thomas N Abstract: To compare efficacy, safety and adherence of ABC (300mg bid) plus COM (150mg lamivudine and 300mg zidovudine bid) vs. IDV (800mg tid) plus COM. |
| Session 14, Oral: Opportunistic Diseases Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 64. | OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN THE ERA OF HAART William G. Powderly Abstract: The incidence of AIDS-associated opportunistic infections (OIs) in the developed world, and, with it, the death rate from AIDS, has declined dramatically, with decreases in the major indicator OIs, such as PCP, CMV retinitis, and MAC of up to 85% compared with rates in the early 1990s. The changing rate of OIs is clearly linked to more potent antiretroviral therapy. |
| 65. | TB AND HIV STILL TOGETHER Gatell, J. Abstract: Not submitted. |
| 66. | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY REDUCES THE RISK OF TUBERCULOSIS IN A HIGH PREVALENCE SETTING Wilson D, Badri M, Stuve K, Maartens G, Wood R Abstract: To assess the impact of antiretroviral regimens on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients in a high TB prevalence setting. Materials: Patients presenting between 1992 and 1997 to one HIV Unit in Cape Town, South Africa (background incidence of TB 680 / 100 000). |
| 67. | HIV-INFECTED INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS ARE AT HIGH RISK OF ANAL SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS RELATED TO HPV INFECTION Piketty C, Darragh T, Da Costa M, Bruneval P, Heard I, Kazatchkine M, Palefsky J Abstract: A high prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and HPV infection have been observed in HIV-infected homosexual males. To date, the prevalence of anal SIL and HPV infection have not been evaluated in HIV-infected intravenous drug users (IVDU) in the absence of receptive anal intercourse. |
| 68. | ORAL SHEDDING AND PROPAGATION OF HHV-8 IN PHARYNGEAL LYMPHOID TISSUES: POTENTIAL COFACTOR ROLE OF HIV
Brodie S, Johnson A, Vieira J, Koelle D, Wald A, Corey L Abstract: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a predominant opportunistic disease associated with HIV, both in the USA and in the developing world. While HHV-8 appears to be sexually transmitted among men who have sex with men (MSM), acquisition during early childhood is also well documented. Even among MSM, the mode of transmission is unclear. We have previously shown HHV-8 to be present in saliva in high titer. Here, we focus attention on the biology of oral infection, particularly the site(s) of virus replication in the oropharynx and factors that determine frequency and concentrations of HHV-8 in saliva. |
| 69. | NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA (NHL) AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) Kirk O, Mocroft A, Barton S, Pedersen C, Skinhøj P, Miller V, Lundgren J Abstract: To analyse the influence of HAART on the risk of NHL among HIV-infected patients. |
| Session 15, Oral: Co-receptors as Therapeutic Targets Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 70. | SECOND GENERATION CCR5 ANTAGONIST THAT INHIBITS HIV-1 ENTRY Bahige M. Baroudy, Ph.D. Abstract: We previously described the development of SCH 351125 (SCH-C), a small molecule CCR5 antagonist, as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 entry. This compound inhibited the replication of genotypically diverse HIV-1 isolates in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| 71. | QST-DIH -RANTES: A NOVEL CCR5 LIGAND WITH POTENT ANTI-HIV ACTIVITY Picchio G, Pastore C, Galimi F, Chaloin O, Hartley O, Offord R, Mosier D Abstract: Prevention of HIV-1 entry into target cells by amino-terminal modified CCR5 ligands is an attractive potential therapeutic approach. In this study, we report on CCR5 internalization and anti-HIV-1 activity of QST-DIH-RANTES, a new member of this family of compounds. |
| 72. | PHENOTYPIC AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOGENIC R5-TROPIC SHIVSF162P3 Hsu M, Yang D, Cheng-Mayer C Abstract: To characterize the properties of Env associated with increased pathogenicity of R5-specific SHIVSF162P3. |
| 73. | EXPRESSION OF CXCR4 AND SDF-1 IN PERIPHERAL T-CELLS AND LYMPH NODES. Bermejo M, Martin-Serrano J, De Pablos J, Gamallo C, Arenzana F, Alcami J Abstract: To analyze the expression and regulation of CXCR4 in resting and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and the distribution of SDF-1 in lymph nodes. |
| 74. | POTENT ANTI-HIV CHEMOKINE ANALOGUES PRODUCED THROUGH A PHAGE DISPLAY SELECTION STRATEGY. Gorochov G, Hartley O, Oorgham K, Pancino G, Debre P, Offord R Abstract: the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are promising targets for HIV therapy. We have used a phage display approach to isolate mutant forms of RANTES with antiviral activity considerably in excess of the native sequence. |
| 75. | SENSITIVITY OF HIV-1 TO FUSION INHIBITORS IS MODULATED BY CORECEPTOR SPECIFICITY AND INVOLVES DISTINCT REGIONS OF GP41 Derdeyn C, Decker J, Sfakiands J, D´Brien W, Ratner L, Shaw G, Hunter E Abstract: T-20 is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to 36 amino acids within the C-terminal heptad repeat region (HR2) of HIV-1 gp41. T-20 has been shown to potently inhibit viral replication of HIV-1 both in vitro and in vivo and is currently being evaluated in a phase III clinical trial. |
| 76. | MECHANISMS FOR STIMULATION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1 REPLICATION BY AOP-RANTES Marozsan A, Torre V, Ball S, Cross J, Templeton D, Quinones-Mateu M, Arts E Abstract Aminooxypentane (AOP)-RANTES, an analog of the chemokine RANTES(Regulated upon Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted), is a potent inhibitor of CCR5-tropic (R5) viral replication. |
| Session 16, Oral: T-Cell Immunity and T-Cell Turnover Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 77. | THE CD4 T CELL RECEPTOR REPERTOIRE DURING PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION Sékaly, Rafick-Pierre; Yassine-Diab, Bader; Younes, Souheil; Breton, Gaëlle; Poulin, Jean-François and Cheynier, Rémi. Abstract: Our results clearly indicate that decline in CD4+ T cells can be caused by two independent mechanisms; first a defect in the production of those cells is clearly apparent; second, those cells which are produced and get activated by HIV are quickly eliminated by the virus through direct or indirect cythopathic mechanisms. |
| 78. | LONGITUDINAL INTERPLAY OF CD8+ T-CELL RESPONSES AND THE HIV-1 DERIVED P17 EPITOPE THEY RECOGNIZE DURING CHRONIC HIV-1 INFECTION Jamieson B, Yang O, Hultin L, Altman J, Korber B, Giorgi J, Wolinsky S Abstract: CTL are important for the control of HIV-1 infection, yet they usually fail to adequately suppress the virus. |
| 79. | PARTIAL RESTAURATION ON HIV-SPECIFIC CD4 T CELL RESPONSES WITH DENDRITIC CELLS. Grassi F, Carcelain G, Bonduelle O, Alatrakchi N, Valantin M, Katlama C, Autran B Abstract: addition of DC and IL-12 similarly enhances the HIV-specific memory CD4 Th responses in slow progressors but not in progressors even when treated, suggesting that defects in APCs might play a role in, but cannot compensate, the quantitative defects of HIV-specific CD4 Th1 cells. |
| 80. | IMPACT OF IL-7 ON ADULT HUMAN THYMIC SUBSETS Jamieson B, Zack J, Scripture-Adams D Abstract: Our previous data show that the adult thymus generates new thymocytes similar to fetal thymocytes in their subset distributions, response to co-stimulatory signals, and diversity of TCR-Vb repertoires, suggesting that newly formed T-cells in adults may functionally respond to a broad array of antigens. |
| 81. | ANALYSIS OF T-LYMPHOCYTE TURNOVER RATES USING NOVEL MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF DEUTERATED GLUCOSE Ribeiro R, Mohri H, Ho D, Perelson A Abstract: The elucidation of T-cell turnover dynamics is crucial for an understanding of HIV pathogenesis. New methods to measure that turnover have been developed, including the use of deuterated glucose. |
| 82. | "LONG-TERM MEMORY" AND "EFFECTOR MEMORY" CD4 PHENOTYPE BASED ON EXPRESSION OF CD62L AND CD45-ISOFORMS PREDICTS PATTERNS OF CELL DIVISION AND DIFFERENTIATION Hengel R, Pavlick M, Lempicki R, Metcalf J, Lane H Abstract: Expression of the ligand (CD62L) that facilitates lymph-node entry through high endothelial venule can be used to characterize subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells. |
| 83. | CTLA-4 UPREGULATION DURING HIV INFECTION: ASSOCIATION WITH ANERGY AND POSSIBLE TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION. Borkow G, Leng Q, Magen E, Kalinkovich A, Bentwich Z Abstract: The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), a negative regulator of T-cell proliferation, plays an important role in peripheral CD4+/CD8+ T-cell homeostasis and in induction of anergy. |
| Session 17, Oral: Animal Models for HIV Pathogenesis Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 84. | SW VIRAL SCAPE AND PATHOGENESIS Franchini, G. Abstract: Not submitted |
| 85. | A NOVEL HIV-1 TRANSGENIC RAT MODEL OF HIV-NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) Ray P, Liu X, Reid W, Haynes N, Davis H, Bryant J Abstract: HIVAN is associated with proteinuria, focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial lesions leading to end stage renal disease. |
| 86. | INFLUENCE OF ITAM MOTIF OF CHIMERIC SIMIAN/HUMAN IMMUNODEFICENCY VIRUS SHIVSBG-NEFYE ON VIRULENCE IN CHINESE RHESUS MACAQUES Lafont B, Gloeckler L, Beyer C, Einius S, Gut J, Aubertin A Abstract: The SHIVsbg, expressing the Vpu, Tat, Rev and Env proteins of HIV1 Lai was shown to be pathogenic for rhesus macaques and cynomolgus monkeys. |
| 87. | RELATIVE DYNAMICS OF SIV REPLICATION AND IMMUNE RECOGNITION: DELAYED INFILTRATION OF ANTI-SIV CTLS ALLOWS VIRAL ESCAPE Blancou P Abstract: Anti-SIV CTLs are thus infiltrating the DTH sites at least 12 hours after the initiation of local SIV replication allowing viral dissemination within the immune reaction site. This finding suggests that, even in the presence of a huge local CTL response infected antigen-specific CD4 T cells can escape from the site of immune activation to re-seed the pool of resting SIV-infected peripheral T cells |
| 88. | EARLY AND PERSISTENT HEMATOPOIESIS FAILURE IN SHIV INFECTED MACAQUES DESPITE EFFICIENT HAART Thiebot H, Vaslin B, Louache F, De Revel T, Vainchenker W, Dormont D, Le Grand R Abstract: To evaluate, in the model of macaques infected with a pathogenic simian/human chimeric virus (SHIV), the impact infection on bone marrow primitives or differentiated hematopoietic progenitor cells. |
| 89. | CONSEQUENCES ON IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF EARLY POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS WITH HAART IN THE MODEL OF SHIV INFECTED MACAQUES. Le Grand R, Benhlassan K, Bossuet C, Thiébot H, Bosquet N, Vaslin B, Dormont D Abstract: Starting HAART within few hours after IV exposure, as recommended for treatment of accidental exposure to HIV, did not prevent from infection. |
| 90. | ROLE OF CD154 SIGNALLING DURING INFECTION OF MACAQUES WITH SIV Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Velasquillo M, Parodi L Abstract: To analyze mechanisms of cellular immune responses to retroviral infections. |
| Session 18, Oral: Toxcities of ART Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 91. | BONE DISEASE IN HIV Pablo Tebas Abstract: People living with HIV have significant alterations in bone metabolism regardless of whether or not they are receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. The underlying mechanisms to account for these observations remain unknown, although studies are underway to examine the relationship between the bone abnormalities and other complications associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy. HIV-infected patients with osteopenia or oseoporosis should be treated similarly to seronegative patients with appropriate use of nutritional supplements (Calcium and Vitamin D) and exercise. Hormone replacement and antiresorptive therapies might be also indicated. |
| 92. | SHORT-TERM IMMUNO-SUPPRESSIVE THERAPY WITH PREDNISOLONE IN HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS RECEIVING ABACAVIR WITH OR WITHOUT NEVIRAPINE Wood R, Wit F, Horban A, Beniowski M, Schmidt R, De Vries C Abstract: It has been suggested that use of prednisolone (pred) might prevent the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) and/or rash which are common causes of abacavir (ABC) and nevirapine (NVP) discontinuations. |
| 93. | EFFECT OF NUCLEOSIDE (NRTI) INTENSIFICATION ON PREVALENCE OF MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES (MOAS) AT YEAR 4 OF RITONAVIR (RTV) PLUS SAQUINAVIR (SQV) THERAPY IN AN HIV-INFECTED COHORT Cohen C, Ryan J, Jiang P, Cameron D, Mellors J, Kakuda T, Japour A Abstract: An ongoing RTV/SQV study with and without NRTI intensification allows partitioning the effect of NRTI therapy from PI therapy on the prevalence and risk factors of MoAs. |
| 94. | COMBINED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY CAUSES CARDIOMYOPATHY Lewis W, Haase C, Raidel S, Russ R, Sutliff R, Samarel A Abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for AIDS is implicated in cardiomyopathy (CM) and reported to cause elevated plasma lactate (LA) through mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. |
| 95. | MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DEPLETION IN HIV+ PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC NUCLEOSIDE RELATED MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY. Cote H, Brumme Z, Wynhoven B, Harris M, Craib K, Harrigan P, O'Shaughnessy M Abstract: Mitochondrial toxicity (MT)-related adverse effects include acute lactic acidosis as well as chronic hyperlactatemia that may or may not be symptomatic. |
| 96. | A RANDOMISED TRIAL OF THYMIDINE ANALOGUE WITHDRAWAL IN LIPOATROPHIC HIV PATIENTS, VIROLOGICALLY CONTROLLED ON PROTEASE SPARING THERAPY - THE PIILR EXTENSION STUDY. Smith D, Carr A, Law M, Hudson J, Hoy J, Cooper D Abstract: Nucleoside analogue induced mitochondrial toxicity has been implicated in the loss of subcutaneous fat (lipoatrophy) in patients on HAART therapy. |
| Session 19, Oral: Preventive HIV Vaccines: Clinical Trials Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 97. | WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT FROM CLINICAL TRIALS OF HIV VACCINES? J. Esparza Abstract: In the meantime, two different gp120 candidate vaccines are being tested in phase III trials in the United States (gp120BB) and Thailand (gp120BE), to obtain definitive information on their potential efficacy in protecting against HIV infection or disease. At the same time novel HIV candidate vaccine are being investigated and developed, including DNA constructs, new vectors (VEE, MVA, Adenovirus) and adjuvants, different-prime boost regimes, and candidates based on primary (R5) isolates of HIV. |
| 98. | DESIGNING AND PREPARING FOR HIV VACCINE EFFICACY TRIALS Susan Buchbinder Abstract: Trials can be designed to have substantial power to detect such immune correlates, even with low levels of overall efficacy (e.g., in the order of 10-20% overall efficacy). Such clinical correlates will provide critical information for assessing the relevance of animal models, and for further design or refinement of novel or existing vaccine strategies. Trials can also be designed to evaluate indirect evidence of protection, by comparing vaccine genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of infected vaccine and placebo recipients. However, such trial designs will require the informed involvement of thousands of volunteers. Critical components in this effort are the inclusion of vaccine trial sites with the political support, investigator expertise, and community involvement to ensure that such trials minimize potential harm to study participants while maximizing scientific insights that such trials can provide. |
| 99. | THAILAND'S EXPERIENCE WITH THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL PHASE III EFFICACY TRIAL OF AN HIV VACCINE (AIDSVAXR) Sricharoen Migasena, Kachit Choopanya, William Heyward Abstract: Varied recruitment efforts and an effective informed consent process led to the successful enrollment of 2545 IDUs by August 2000. Thus far, immunization compliance and follow-up have been excellent, data management and GCP conducted at international standards, and social harms minimal. Immunizations have been well tolerated with no vaccine-related serious adverse events reported. Data collected in this trial will meet international standards and can be used for licensing purposes. The trial is expected to conclude in late 2002. |
| 100. | WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES? Francis A. Plummer Abstract: These natural experiments indicate that adaptive immunity may be involved in protecting some individuals from HIV and that MHC alleles and immunoregulatory genes may be involved in the genesis of protective adaptive immunity. Furthermore they provide important clues as to what might be required for successful HIV vaccines. |
| 101. | Abstract: Not submitted. |
| Session 20, Oral: Therapies Directly Targeting the Immune System Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 102. | ILSTIM (ANRS 082) - INTERLEUKIN 2 (IL2) ACCELERATES CD4 CELLS RECONSTITUTION IN PATIENTS WITH CD4 <200/MM3 DESPITE EFFECTIVE HAART. Tubiana R, Carcelain G, De Sa M, Autran B, Duviver C, Costagliola D, Katlama C Abstract: To evaluate the capacity of IL2 to restore immunity in patients with CD4<200/mm³ despite HAART. |
| 103. | INTERMITTENT IL-2 ADMINISTRATION IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS LEADS TO A DECREASE IN CD4+ T CELL TURNOVER RATES Sereti I, Martinez-Wilson H, Metcalf J, Kovacs J, Lane H Abstract: Intermittent administration of IL-2 in HIV infected patients leads to a sustained expansion of the CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell pool although substantial increases in proliferation are seen in CD8+ as well as CD4+ T cells during an IL-2 cycle. |
| 104. | ADJUVANT SCIL2 INCREASES THYMIC PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HIV INFECTION UNDER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Korthals Altes H, Saint-Mezard P, Tubiana R, De Boer R, Katlama C, Autran B, Carcelain G Abstract: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) increases CD4+ T cell numbers by enhancing mature T cell proliferation but its effect on naïve T cell homeostasis and thymic function is unknown. |
| 105. | QUALITY OF LIFE IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY WITH INTERMITTENT IL-2 BY IV OR SC ROUTES IN PATIENTS WITH CD4 50-350 CELLS/MM3 (ACTG 328) Wu, A; Martin, B; Gelman, R; Mitsuyasu, R Abstract: In this large prospective randomized study of IL-2 in advanced HIV, significant increases in CD4+ counts were seen and QOL was not significantly diminished after 40 weeks of intermittent SC IL-2. A significant QOL benefit was seen in the SC IL-2 group compared to IV IL-2 and HAART alone groups. |
| 106. | SAFETY AND ACTIVITY OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-12 (RHIL-12) IN HIV+ PATIENTS Pollard R, Jacobson M, Landay A, Spritzler J, Fox L, Schock B, Chan E Abstract: To evaluate the safety and activity of rhIL-12, a cytokine that stimulates T and NK cells to generate a TH1 type immune response. |
| 107. | HYDROXYUREA THERAPY SPARES THE NAÏVE T CELL COMPARTMENT IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS: THE 3D STUDY Ogorman M, Alatrakchi N, Belsey E, Landay A, Katlama C, Murphy R, Autran B Abstract: The increase in proportion and number of naïve CD4 T cells without a sig.increase in the absolute CD4 count indicates a relative decrease in the memory CD4 T cell compartment in HU treated patients. |
| 108. | EFFECT OF IL-2 ON RESPONSES TO HIV AND TETANUS IMMUNIZATION: RESULTS OF ACTG 5046S Valdez H, Mitsuyasu R, Sahner D, Moss R, Landay A, Sevin A, Lederman M Abstract: strong lymphocyte proliferative responses (LPR) to HIV antigens, associated with control of HIV replication, are rarely restored in patients starting HAART during chronic infection. ACTG 5046 examined the effects of IL-2 administration on responses to HIV and tetanus immunization. |
| 109. | INTERLEUKIN-2 THERAPY IN HIV-1 INFECTED ARV NAÏVE PATIENTS: EFFECT ON T CELL ACTIVATION. Sullivan A, Amjadi P, Nelson M, Tavel J, Gotch F, Youle M, Gazzard B Abstract: CD4 and CD8 activation markers rose acutely and transiently following IL-2 therapy in HIV-1 infected patients not receiving HAART, returning to baseline within 4 weeks. |
| Session 21, Oral: Salvage Therapy Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 110. | VIROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISCONTINUATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH VIROLOGICAL FAILURE AND A CD4 COUNT ABOVE 500 CELLS/ML Mussini C, Bugarini R, Perno C, Antinori A, Borghi V, Cossarizza A, Esposito R Abstract: This study shows that if antiretroviral therapy is discontinued in patients with virological failure and a high CD4 count in most of them there is a rapid and severe decrease in CD4 count. |
| 111. | IMPACT OF TREATMENT INTERRUPTION ON PLASMA VIRAL LOAD, CD4 COUNT AND VIRTUAL PHENOTYPES (VIRCO) IN HIV PATIENTS WHO FAILED MULTIPLE COURSES OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Tesiorowski A, Harris M, Harrigan R, O'shaughnessy M, Montaner J Abstract: To assess changes in plasma viral load (VL), CD4 percentage, absolute CD4 count and Virtual Phenotypes_ following interruption of therapy in a cohort of heavily pretreated individuals. |
| 112. | INDINAVIR INTENSIFICATION FOR SALVAGE THERAPY IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS HEAVILY PRE-TREATED : INDINAVIR/RITONAVIR BID 800/200 MG VS 400/400 MG Mallolas, J; Blanco, J; Sarasa, M; Arnedo, M; López-Púa, Y; Martínez, E; Milinkovic, A; García-Viejo, M; Pumarola, T; Gatell, J Abstract: Patients treated with Ind 800 mg TID can be rescued with Ind/Rtv. Ind/Rtv 800/200 mg BID seems to be better than 400/400 mg BID in terms of virological efficacy and tolerance. |
| 113. | PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING D4T/DDI/ABACAVIR/EFAVIRENZ TO THE SAME COMBINATION PLUS HYDROXYUREA WITH OR WITHOUT IL-2 AS SALVAGE REGIMENS (THE HYDILE STUDY) Lafeuillade A, Chadapaud S, Hittinger G, Miara A, Baconnet A, Poggi C Abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a RTI regimen, with or without Hydroxyurea (HU) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2), in HIV-infected pts failing PI-containing regimens. |
| 114. | MULTIPLE DRUG RESCUE THERAPY (MDRT) WITH AND WITHOUT LOPINAVIR/R (LPV/R) Harris M, Yip B, Hogg R, Harrigan R, Montessori V, O'shaughnessy M, Montaner J Abstract: To determine the impact of the availability of LPV/r on the antiviral response to MDRT regimens among heavily pretreated patients. |
| 115. | ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND TOLERABILITY OF PEG-INTRON IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS FAILING HAART. Nieto, L; Angel, J; Gazzard, B; Cahn, P; Ward, D; Ramirez-Ronda, C; Taglietti, M; Greaves, W Abstract: PEG-Intron may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of HIV-infected patients failing HAART. Further studies in combination with optimized HAART are warranted. |
| Session 22, Oral: Viral Replication: New Insights Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 116. | DYNAMICS OF HIV BINDING AND ENTRY DETERMINED BY TIME-LAPSE FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY REVEAL THAT HIV IS MORE INFECTIOUS THAN IS CURRENTLY BELIEVED. David McDonald, Heather Feltman, Devon Mann, and Thomas J. Hope Abstract: Finally, the ghost cells used in our study allow infection of the cells to be determined. Quantitation of virus binding per cell relative to infection reveals that the potential for each virion to successfully infect a cell is much greater than previously reported. Therefore, the current supposition that vast majority of virions of HIV are inherently noninfectious is incorrect. |
| 117. | Abstract: Not submitted. |
| 118. | ASSEMBLY AND MOVEMENT OF GAG/GAG-POL COMPLEXES IN HIV-INFECTED CELLS. Halwani R, Khorchid A, Wainberge M, Kleiman L Abstract: We have detected the cytoplasmic interaction between Pr55gag and Pr160gag-polin HIV-1 using antibody to integrase (anti-IN) to coimmunoprecipitate both Pr55gag and Pr160gag-polfrom lysates of COS-7 and 293T cells transfected with wild-type and mutant HIV-1 proviral DNA. |
| 119. | THE TRIPEPTIDES GPG-NH2 AND ALG-NH2 INTERFERE WITH HIV-1 BUDDING AND CAPSID ASSEMBLY: A NEW STRATEGY FOR ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Vahlne A, Su J, Höglund S, Sandin Reneby S, Goobar-Larsson L, Nyström I, Végvári A Abstract: Treatment with tripeptide amides interfering with virus capsid assembly represents a new startegy for antiviral therapy. GPG-NH2 is efficiently adsorbed from the gut by the pept1/pept2 oligopeptide transport system, as observed in both in vitro (Caco-2 cells) and in vivo (experimental anials and man). GPG-NH2 has also been shown to decrease viral loads in a small phase I/II clinical study and is presently undergoing a phase II clinical study at ten different centers in Europe. |
| 120. | CD147 FACILITATES HIV-1 INFECTION BY INTERACTING WITH VIRUS ASSOCIATED CYCLOPHILIN A Bukrinsky M, Pushkarsky T, Yurchenko V, Zybarth G, Sherry B Abstract: Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitously distributed protein with both intracellular (protein folding) and extracellular (chemotactic) activities. |
| 121. | INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTORS REGULATE ACTIVATION OF HIV-1 VIA PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS WITH TAT Battistini A, Sgarbanti M, Borsetti A, Moscufo N, Marziali G, Coccia E, Ensoli B Abstract: Our results identify IRF-1 as a cellular transcription factor essential for efficient HIV-1 gene expression and viral replication and indicate that the recruitment of IRF-1 to the HIV-1 promoter can be a key step in the early phases of infection or during viral reactivation from latency, in response to both viral infection and cell activation signals. |
| Session 26, Oral: Oral Resistance Wednesday, July 11th |
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| 122. | EVOLVING PATTERNS OF HIV-1 RESISTANCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS IN NEWLY INFECTED INDIVIDUALS Simon V, Vanderhoeven J, Hurley A, Louie M, Parkin N, Boden D, Markowitz M, Ramratnam B, Dawson K Abstract: For the years 1999-2000 we found an increased number of both transmitted drug resistant HIV-1 variants and viruses with altered genotypes in RT but wild-type phenotypes. |
| 123. | EVOLUTION OF HIV-1 RESISTANCE MUTATIONS TO NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTI) FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL Joly V, Descamps D, Zeng F, Touati F, Mentre F, Yeni P, Brun-Vezinet F Abstract: To study the evolution of NNRTI resistance mutations after withdrawal of this class of drugs, in patients (Pts) who experienced virological failure when receiving a NNRTI containing antiretroviral combination therapy. |
| 124. | BOTH ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG LEVELS AND DRUG RESISTANCE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SHORT-TERM VIROLOGIC RESPONSES TO SUBSEQUENT DRUG REGIMENS IN CPCRA 046 (GART STUDY) Mayers D Abstract: To determine the short-term virological impact of plasma antiretroviral (AR) drug levels and baseline HIV drug resistance on the response to the next antiretroviral regimen for patients (pts) failing on a PI-containing regimen. |
| 125. | THE VIRTUAL PHENOTYPE IS A SUPERIOR INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF CLINICAL RESPONSE THAN GENOTYPING WITH A COMMON RULES BASED INTERPRETATION Larder B, Peeters M, Verbiest W, Harrigan R, Graham N Abstract: Retrospective studies have correlated baseline drug resistance (phenotype and genotype) with clinical response. |
| 126. | IMPACT OF TREATMENT GUIDED BY PHENOTYPIC OR GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE TESTS ON THE RESPONSE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART): FINAL ANALYSIS OF THE NARVAL TRIAL (ANRS 088) Meynard J, Vray M, Morand-Joubert L, Peytavin G, Brun-Vezinet F, Clavel F, Girard P Abstract: To evaluate the respective value of phenotype (P) and genotype (G) for choosing optimal ART vs by standard of care (SOC) in patients (pts) failing protease inhibitor (PI) containing regimen with VL<1000 cp/ml. |
| 127. | CCTG 575: A RANDOMIZED, PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PHENOTYPE TESTING (PHENO) VERSUS STANDARD OF CARE (SOC) FOR PATIENTS FAILING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ARV) Haubrich R, Keiser P, Kemper C, Witt M, Leedom J, Forthol D, Hellmann N Abstract: To compare PHENO (ViroLogic assay) to SOC to improve virologic response to ARV. |
| 128. | GENOTYPIC ANALYSES AND HIV RNA RESPONSES IN PATIENTS AFTER 96 WEEKS OF TENOFOVIR DF (TDF) THERAPY Miller M, Johnson A, Isaacson E, Margot N Abstract: Study 902 was a placebo-controlled, 48-wk phase II study of 3 doses of TDF when added to stable ART in 189 treatment-experienced pts (mean 4.6 yrs prior ART, 94% with NRTI-associated mutations). |
| 129. | COMPARISON OF THE EMERGENCE OF GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE OVER 48 WEEKS OF THERAPY WITH ABT-378/R (KALETRAT) OR NELFINAVIR PLUS D4T/3TC Kempf D, Bernstein B, King M, Moseley J, Gu K, Cernohous P, Sun E Abstract: There were no significant differences in the duration or level of detectable viremia, or in adherence (as measured by pill counts), between treatment arms in the subjects with available genotype. These results suggest that the genetic barrier to resistance to Kaletra in treatment-naïve subjects is higher than the barrier to NFV resistance. Data through Week 60 will be presented. |
| Session 27, Oral: Pediatrics and MTCT Wednesday, July 11th |
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| 130. | VERTICALLY ACQUIRED HIV INFECTION - WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? Marie-Louise Newell Abstract: Questions remain about the management of women identified as infected late in pregnancy or during delivery, about the effect on the risk of vertical transmission of drug resistance, therapy for the neonates of women who already receive HAART and for children infected despite ART prophylaxis. Quality of life of infected children and mothers needs further improvement. |
| 131. | MATERNAL VIRAL DIVERSITY, V3 ANTIBODIES AND THE VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE C. Guevara H, Tien P, Johnston E, Zijenah L, Contag C, Hendry M, Katzenstein D Abstract: Increased diversity in the envelope (env) V3 region of HIV has been associated with clinical non-progression and reduced mother to child transmission (MTCT). |
| 132. | EFFECT OF HIV-1 RNA LEVELS, CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS ON THE RESPONSE TO HAART IN HIV-1 INFECTED CHILDREN Bologna R, Mangano A, Mecikovsky D, Battalla M, Sarkis C, Kopka J, Sen L Abstract: Plasma HIV-1 viral load (pVL) and CD4+ lymphocytes are independent predictors of disease progression in children with HIV-1 infection. |
| 133. | EARLY SPREAD OF HIV-1 B/F RECOMBINANT INTERSUBTYPE IN CHILDREN BORN TO INFECTED MOTHERS IN ARGENTINA Gomez Carrillo M, Avila M, Pando M, Martinez Peralta L, Russell K, Carr J Abstract: In Argentina, the first AIDS case was detected in 1982. HIV-1 sequences reported during early ´90 showed a predominance of subtype B. |
| 134. | HOST GENETIC AND IMMUNLOGIC RESPONSES MEDIATING LONG TERM SURVIVAL IN HIV-1-INFECTED AFRICAN CHILDREN Chakraborty R, Sutton J, Appay V, Otsyula M, D'agostino A, Rowland-Jones S Abstract: The magnitude, specificity and functional phenotype of HIV-1-specific CD8-T-Lymphocyte (CTL) and CD4 responses were studied among 49 HIV-1-infected African children. |
| 135. | EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN INFANTS UPON IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION Pahwa S, Kharbanda M, Chavan S Abstract: These findings implicate residual immune perturbations in HIV infected infants given HAART early in life that persist despite increase in TRECs, virologic suppression and normal CD4 T cell counts. |
| 136. | ATYPICAL HIV-1 ASSOCIATED HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME (HIV-HUS) AND HIV-HELPP SYNDROME IN CHILDREN Ray P, Chandra R, Selby D, Rakusan T Abstract: HIV-HUS is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Very little is known about the pathogenesis of HIV-HUS in children. |
| Session 28, Oral: Current Controversies in Immunopathogenesis Wednesday, July 11th |
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| 137. | MECHANISMS OF CD4+ T CELL DEPLETION M.D. Hazenberg, S.A. Otto, R.A. Coutinho, W. Fibbe, D. Hamann, R.J. de Boer, F. Miedema Abstract: HIV-1 infection is characterized by hyperactivation of the immune system. This may appear to be a key factor, as less-pathogenic HIV-2 infection or natural host SIV infection do not elicit such immune hyperactivation. |
| 138. | THE THYMUS AND HIV INFECTION. Michael Lederman Abstract: The increasing occurrence of lymphocyte depletion states has increased interest and opportunity to examine the role of the thymus in cellular homeostasis and function. While thymic function is not essential in healthy adults, thymic T cell maturation likely plays a key role in maintainingand restoring T cell numbers during lymphocyte depletion. Adult human thymic tissue is rarely accessible, thus studies of thymic function are largely dependent upon indirect measurements or models. |
| 139. | IMMUNE CONTROL OF HIV INFECTION Walker, B. Abstract: Not submitted. |
| 140. | SKEWED MATURATION OF MEMORY HIV-SPECIFIC CD8 T LYMPHOCYTES G. Pantaleo Abstract: These results demonstrate a selective impairement of the differentiation of HIV-specific memory CD8+ T cells. Additional results regarding the distribution and function of the different populations of memory CD8 HIV- and CMV-specific T cells in other anatomic compartments such as lymphoid tissue will be also presented. |
| 141. | IMPACT OF INTERLEUKIN-2 ON THE TURNOVER OF T LYMPHOCYTES Cliff Lane Abstract: The immune systems of patients with untreated HIV infection are characterized by a CD4+ T cell lymphopenia occurring in the setting of a polyclonal activation of T and B lymphocytes. The increase in T cell turnover is directly related to viral load and decreases promptly upon initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The intermittent administration of interleukin-2 (5 days every 8 weeks) can lead to significant increases in CD4+ T cell numbers. |
| Session 29, Oral: Molecular Epidemiology and Viral Diversity Wednesday, July 11th |
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| 142. | MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL DIVERSITY OF HIV-1 McCutchan, F; Carr, J; Robb, M; Birx, D. Abstract: In this era of field efficacy testing of candidate vaccines, it will be critically important to identify incident strains in cohorts, to define appropriate vaccine candidates, and to fully characterize the inter-current HIV-1 infections in both vaccine and placebo groups. |
| 143. | VIRAL INFECTIVITY, REPLICATION, AND QUASISPECIES EVOLUTION OF HIV-1 IN PRIMARY INFECTION Petrella M, Brenner B, Spira B, Routy J, Wainberg M Abstract: In this study, we are continuing research to evaluate the relative replicative competence of dual and triple class multidrug resistant viruses acquired during primary HIV infection. |
| 144. | GENETIC DIVERSITY IN HIV-1 FROM BUENOS AIRES: IDENTIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT B/F VARIANTS AND IMPLICATIONS ON RESISTANCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS. Petroni A, Coviello S, Illescas E, Deluchi G, Pereda G, Benetucci J, Garberi J Abstract: there is a relevant prevalence of recombinants B/F among HIV Pts from Buenos Aires. The genetic background and the Freq of several resistance associated mutations seem to be strongly linked. |
| 145. | SURVEILLANCE FOR HIV-1 SUBTYPES IN SOUTH AMERICA Russell K, Negrete M, Sanchez J, Sanchez J, Avila M, Cuchi P, Carr J Abstract: The objective of our surveillance program is to describe the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in South America (SA). |
| 146. | FULL GENOME SEQUENCES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HIV-1 RECOMBINANTS BETWEEN SUBTYPE B AND CRF01_AE FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA Watanaveeradej V, Tovanabutra S, Carr J, Benenson M, Brown A, Birx D, McNeil J, Mc Cutchan F Abstract: HIV-1 BE intersubtype recombination has begun in Thailand. Two of the cases were incident infections. The samples range from 1990 to 2000. The impact of recombination on vaccine trial plans should be assessed. |
| 147. | BF INTER-SUBTYPE RECOMBINANTS OF HIGHLY SIMILAR BUT NOT IDENTICAL STRUCTURE RECOVERED FROM ARGENTINA, URUGUAY AND BOLIVIA AND CHARACTERIZED BY FULL GENOME ANALYSIS. Carr J, Avila M, Gomez Carrillo M, Negrete M, Gianella A, Andrade R, Russi J, Russell K Abstract: To more fully describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in South America by full genome sequencing. |
| 148. | PREVALENCE OF THE CODON 333 RESISTANCE GENOTYPE IN NAÏVE AND PRE-TREATED PATIENTS IN SPAIN. Gallego O, Corral A, Rodés B, Soriano V Abstract: A substitution at codon 333 (G_D/E) within the RT gene causes resistance to both AZT and 3TC, in a background of mutations associated with loss of sensitivity to AZT. Although the M184V restores the sensitivity to AZT in viruses harboring AZT-resistant genotypes, the 333 mutation annuls this benefit. We have examined in what extent subjects failing antiretroviral therapy harbor the codon 333 mutation. |
| Session 30, Oral: Oral Prevention Wednesday, July 11th |
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| 149. | PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION: STD CONTROL AND ART INTERVENTION Kenneth Mayer Abstract: The wider use of ART and more effective STD control should help to slow the spread of HIV and should be considered as important public health measures, but protocols will need to be carefully developed for specific community situations. The relative cost-benefits of each strategy deserves further study, to assess sustainability, the development of antimicrobial resistance, and effects on risk taking behavior. |
| 150. | POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? Denise M. Cardo Abstract: Other challenges are the completion of follow-up evaluation and management of exposures to sources co-infected with hepatitis C virus. Future directions in the area of prevention and management of occupational HIV infection include, for example, better preventive measures and safer postexposure prophylaxis. |
| 151. | POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AFTER OCCUPATIONAL HIV EXPOSURES: THE EXPERIENCE AT 47 NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS HOSPITALS, 1996-2000 Beltrami E, Hellmuth K, Srivastava P, Cardo D Abstract: In June 1996, the U.S. Public Health Service first recommended postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after certain occupational HIV exposures. |
| 152. | FREQUENCY, PATTERNS AND CORRELATES OF HIV TRANSMISSION RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG HIV SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS IN CLINICAL CARE Friedland Gh, Fisher J, Fisher W, Amico R, Cornman D Abstract: HIV+ patients (pts) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) who engage in risk behavior may transmit new and resistant HIV infections. |
| 153. | SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS IN A POPULATION BASED SETTING Braitstein P, Chan K, Beardsell A, McLeod A, Montaner J, O'Shaughnessy M, Hogg R Abstract: Our analysis suggests that people on triple combination post-exposure prophylaxis experience more gastrointestinal, liver, and neuropathic side effects. This data also indicates that women and individuals who were exposed occupationally are more likely to experience side effects. |
| 154. | BEHAVIORAL IMPACT OF THE AVAILABILITY OF POST-SEXUAL-EXPOSURE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS (PEP) FOR HIV: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY Schechter M, Lago R, Moreira R, Mendelsohn A, Harrison L Abstract: There are limited data on effectiveness and behavioral impact of PEP to prevent HIV infection. PEP could increase the risk of HIV infection if its availability resulted in increased high-risk behavior. |
| Late-Breakers | |
| Session 33, Oral: Late Breakers Wednesday, July 11th |
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| LB-O1. | COMPETITION ASSAYS CLEARLY INDICATES THAT SUBTYPE C HIV-1 ISOLATES ARE LESS THAN FIT THAN ISOLATES OF OTHER SUBTYPES Arts, E; Ball, S; Quinones-Mateu, J; Marozsan, A. Abstract: Subtype C isolates are less fit than isolates of of other subtypes. This fitness diffeence maps to the env gene and is controlled by the efficiency of host cell entry. Thus, a decrease in pathogenicity (i.e. ex vivo fitness) coupled with increased survival of a subtype C-infected individual could increase the likelihood of subtype C transmission and prevalence in the human population (i.e. in vivo fitness). |
| LB-O2. | EFFECT OF P6GAG INSERTIONS ON INCORPORATION OF VPR INTO VIRIONS IN RECOMBINANT VIRUS AND IN HIV FROM PATIENTS Piller, S; Suzuzki, K; Jones, D; Kaufmann, G; Perilli, P; Kelleher, A; Cooper, D. Abstract: Novel amino acid insertions in p6gag result in: i) lack of Vpr incorporation into recombinant virions, ii) reduced replication in dividing T-cells. However, HIV isolates from patients with p6 insertions had Vpr mutations that may be compensatory allowing incorporation of Vpr into virions. This reflects the importance of Vpr in vivo The observed reduced replication rate of recombinant virus is most likely not due to the lack of Vpr incorporation but may be the result of altered virus maturation. |
| LB-O3. | IMPORTANCE OF THE PERIPHERAL CD4+ T-CELL POOL IN CD4+ T-CELL HOMEOSTASIS Tavel, JA; Walker, RE; Herpin, B; Leitman, SF; Metcalf, JA; Lane, HC Abstract: Sustainable increases in naïve and memory CD4+ cells were observed after multiple lymphocyte infusions and suggest that peripheral expansion of the infused cells may significantly contribute to immune reconstitution in the setting HAART. The persistent decrease from baseline in circulating CD4+ cells observed in heavily lymphocytapheresed HIV negative adult donors suggests that quantitative losses in the peripheral CD4+ cell pool are not readily restored by normal CD4+ cell homeostatic mechanisms. |
| LB-O4. | HIV-INFECTED CELLS KILL UNINFECTED CD4 CELLS BY A MECHANISM INVOLVING GP41-DEPENDENT DEEP CELL-TO-CELL CONTACTS IN THE ABSENCE OF FUSION. Blanco, J; Barretina, J; Clotet, B; Esté, JA Abstract: These data indicate the existence of close contacts between Env+ cells and target cells leading to partial lipid mixing apoptosis. Therefore we postulate that Env-expressing cells kill uninfected CD4 T cells by a mechanism involving gp41, which mediates deep cell-to-cell contacts and lipid mixing in the absence of complete membrane fusion. |
| LB-O5. | HIV-1 ESCAPE FROM SMALL MOLECULE CCR5 INHIBITORS IN PBMC DOES NOT INVOLVE CO-RECEPTOR SWITCHING TO CXCR4 USE Moore, J. Abstract: Thus, the acquisition of CXCR4 use is not the dominant in vitro escape pathway for small molecule CCR5 entry inhibitors. Instead, HIV-1 acquires the ability to use CCR5 in the presence of the inhibitor. This observation is notable since CXCR4-using viruses later emerged in the donor of the CC1/85 isolate, indicating that evolution to CXCR4 usage was an option available to this virus. Hence, CCR5 inhibitors do not necessarily drive HIV-1 to evolve to use CXCR4, which is relevant to their clinical development. |
| LB-O6. | MOLECULAR MECHANISMS NUCLEOSIDE DRUG RESISTANCE IN HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE: A MOLECULAR MODELING APPROACH Chu, CK; Chong, YH; Schinazi, RF Abstract: Therefore, our finding from these studies suggest that either closing or opening of the fingers and/or palm domain by the influence of RT mutation may be a general mechanism that affected the binding affinity of nucleoside triphosphates, and thereby the antiviral potency (Supported by NIH grant AI 32351). |
| LB-O7. | RELATIVE REPLICATIVE FITNESS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 SITE-DIRECTED MUTANTS RESISTANT TO T-20 Lu, J; Kuritzkes, DR Abstract: This demonstrated a fitness loss of ~10% for NL4-3 carrying T-20 resistance mutations I37T, V38M, or D36S/V38M in the HR-1 domain of gp41, which is comparable to the effect on fitness of the 184V mutation for lamivudine resistance. Reduced fitness could contribute to persistent antiviral activity of T-20 in the absence of complete viral suppression. Comparison of baseline follow-up samples from patients receiving T-20 in ongoing clinical trails may provide confirmation of these in vitro results. |
| LB-O8. | IMPROVED LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION OF HIV-1 REPLICATION WITH A TRIPLE-CLASS MULTIDRUG REGIMEN COMPARED TO STANDARD OF CARE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Van Praag, R; Wit, F; Jurriaans, S; De Wolf, F; Prins, J; Lange, J. Abstract: The use of an alternative multidrug regimen resulted in a stronger long-term suppression of pVL compared to clinically successful treatment with standard therapy. |
| LB-O9. | ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND CD4 COUNT RESPONSES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH EFAVIRENZ, STAVUDINE AND DIDANOSINE PLUS HYDROXYUREA OR PLACEBO: 48 WEEK FINAL RESULTS FROM THE 3D STUDY Murphy, RL; Katlama, C; Belsey, E; Berzins, B; Montaner, JSG; Pollard, R; Hellinger, J Abstract: Treatment-experienced patients randomized to HU had better virologic outcome despite higher toxicity rates. HU blunted absolute CD4 responses but not percentage increases. Lower doses of HU should be considered for further study in experienced patients with virologic failure. |
| LB-O10. | FURTHER CHARACTERIZING DETERMINANTS OF DISEASE PROGRESSION AMONG HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS INITIATING TRIPLE DRUG THERAPY Montaner, J; Hogg, R; Yip, B; Wood, E; Harrigan, R; O'Shaughnessy, J Abstract: Our data demonstrates uniformly low rates of disease progression among patients starting HAART with CD4 cell counts ≥200 cells/mm³. Disease progression among patients starting therapy with CD4 cell counts <50 cells/V in our cohort. Rates of disease progression and death were independent of age, gender, prior AIDS diagnosis, protease inhibitor use and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. |
| LB-O11. | HUMAN ALLOVACCINATION AGAINST HIV-1 - ELICITATION OF A NEUTRALIZING RESPONSE Leith, JG; Clark, D; Rosenthal, KL; Barber, BH; MacDonald, KS Abstract: Using a human model of allo-vaccination, we have demonstrated for the first time that anti-HLA antibodies elicited by the whole- cell immunogen are capable of neutralizing HIV-1 in vitro. |
| LB-O12. | PREVENTION OF SHIV-INDUCED DISEASE IN RHESUS MONKEYS BY IMMUNIZATION WITH AN ADJUVANTED MULTICOMPONENT PROTEIN VACCINE Voss, G. Abstract: These data demonstrate that only the combination vaccine can protect from the development of disease induced by partially heterologous SHIV in rhesus monkeys. Based on these results this AIDS vaccine candidate is currently being prepared for evaluation in clinical trials. |
| LB-O13. | USE OF THE RHESUS MACAQUE MODEL TO COMPARE SEVERAL APPROACHES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN HIV VACCINE Robertson, M; Shiver, J; Fu, T; Emini, E. Abstract: The adenovirus SIV gag vaccine elicited more potent cellular immune responses than other vaccines evaluated and apparently protected more effectively from SHIV challenge. DNA immunization, especially when given with an adjuvant, also elicited cellular immune responses which resulted in better clinical outcomes. The degree of protection during chronic viremia appeared to correlate with the relative im. |
| Poster Sessions | |
| Session 34, Poster: Virology Monday, July 9th |
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| 201. | ASSEMBLY INTERMEDIATE COMPLEXES OF HIV-1 IN CELL Cen S, Wainberg M, Kleiman L Abstract: During HIV-1 assembly in the cytoplasm of infected cells, a major polyprotein Pr55gag assembles into a Pr55gag complex. During this complex formation, Pr160gag-pol ,viral genomic RNA and cellular tRNALys3 are also packaged into virions. |
| 202. | RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VIRAL TRNALYS3 CONCENTRATION, INITIATION OF REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION, AND VIRAL INFECTIVITY IN HIV-1 Javanbakht H, Gabor J, Niu M, Wainberg M, Kleiman L Abstract: HIV-1 uses tRNALys3 as a primer for reverse transcription, and during viral assembly, this tRNA is selectively packaged into the virus along with the other major tRNALys, tRNALys1,2. |
| 203. | INCORPORATION OF LYSYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE INTO HIV-1 Cen S, Shiba K, Musier-Forsyth K, Kleiman L Abstract: During HIV-1 assembly, tRNALys isoacceptors are selectively incorporated into virions and tRNALys3 is used as the primer for reverse transcription. |
| 204. | NATURALLY-OCCURING MUTATIONS IN MEXICAN HIV-1 LTR SEQUENCES ENHANCE TAT-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY IN JURKAT T-CELLS Gomez-Román V, Arias C, Soler C Abstract: Deletions and point mutations which alter consensus cis and trans binding sites along the LTR are not necessarily deleterious and may significantly enhance HIV-1 transcription in T cells. |
| 205. | LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE OF DEFECTIVE HIV-1 PROTEASE TRANSCRIPTS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS Natarajan V, Gaddam A, Hazen A, Imamichi H, Kovacs J, Metcalf J, Lane H Abstract: Previous studies have shown that HIV-1 RNA persists in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with HIV-1 infection despite plasma virus levels 50 copies/ml for extended period of time. |
| 206. | MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF REGIONS INVOLVED IN DIMERIZATION OF THE HIV-1 RNA GENOME Russell R, Wainberg M, Liang C Abstract: Stem-loop 1 of the HIV-1 RNA genome contains a palindromic sequence known as the dimerization initiation site (DIS). |
| 207. | DETECCION OF PROVIRAL DNA AND VIRAL RNAM IN EXPOSED SERONEGATIVE CHILDREN Vázquez Pérez J, Basualdo Sigales M, Gómez Rómán V, Gudiño Rosales J, Alcántara Pérez P, Soler Claudín C Abstract: Some children born to HIV infected mothers become IgG seronegatives and despite being negative by viral culture have positive results in proviral DNA PCR in several sequencial samples. |
| 208. | THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF PSEUDOTYPE PRODUCTION IN A IN VITRO SUPERINFECTION SYSTEM WITH TWO DIFFERENT HIV-1 STRAIN Fernandez Larrosa P, Ceballos A, Marquina S, Martinez Peralta L, Rabinovich R Abstract: Superinfection with HIV-1 occurs in vitro and in vivo and is considered to be the main cause of the high frequency of circulating recombinant forms worldwide. |
| 209. | IDENTIFICATION OF SHORT PEPTIDE SEQUENCES THAT MIMIC A HIGHLY CONSERVED RECEPTOR BINDING SITE ON HIV-1 GP120 BY PHAGE DISPLAY Königs C, Pustowka A, Wegner V, Landersz M, Robinson J, Dietrich U Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified that bind to highly conserved regions on HIV-1 gp120 that are able to neutralize a broad range of different HIV-1 isolates. |
| 210. | REGULATION OF IKBA IN THE NUCLEUS OF T CELLS Rullas J, Laín M, Alcami J Abstract: According to current models the inhibitory capacity of IkBa would be mediated through the retention of Rel/NF-kB proteins in the cytosol. However, IkBa has also been detected in the nucleus of cell lines when overexpressed by transient transfection. |
| 211. | A NEW ANTI-HIV GENE THERAPY APPROACH BASED ON THE EXPRESSION OF A HIV INHIBITING NATURAL OCCURRING HIV-1 NEF ALLELE Muratori C, Schiavoni I, D'aloja P, Santarcangelo A, Olivetta E, Alessandrini L, Federico M i> Abstract: We observed that the in cis expression of a natural occurring HIV-1 nef allele transforms the phenotype of an highly infectious HIV-1 strain (i.e. NL4-3) to a non productive HIV-1. |
| 212. | RESISTANCE OF MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGES TO HIV REPLICATION INDUCED BY NEF INTERNALIZATION COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE SWITCH FROM M-TO T-TROPIC PREVALENCE IN LATE STAGES OF THE DIS Alessandrini L, Santarcangelo A, Olivetta E, Pugliese K, Verani P, Federico M Abstract: We propose that the internalization in monocyte/macrophages of extracellular Nef possibly released by infected, apoptotic lymphocytes, contributes to the AIDS pathogenesis by inducing resistance to M-tropic HIV replication in monocyte/macrophages, thereby facilitating the switching from M- to T-tropic HIV prevalence frequently correlating with AIDS progression. |
| 213. | BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV-2 VIF MUTANTS Barahona, I I Abstract: VIF (Virion infectivity factor) is conserved among HIV isolates and in all Lentivirus. In the absence of vif gene , HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection of non permissive cells, like PBMCs, produce no virions. |
| Session 35, Poster: Antiretroviral Therapy I Monday, July 9th |
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| 214. | RITONAVIR (RTV)/INDINAVIR (IDV) (100/400 MG BID): A SIMPLE, EFFECTIVE AND WELL TOLERATED PI CONTAINING REGIMEN. Katlama C, Lamotte C, Hait Mohand H, Calvez V, Agher R, Bricaire F, Peytavin G Abstract: RTV improves pharmacokinetics of IDV allowing more convenient bid regimen. However, high concentration of RTV/IDV (100/800 mg bid) may induce high rate of side effects. Objective: To evaluate pharmacokinetics and efficacy of RTV/IDV (100/400 mg) bid regimen. |
| 215. | INDINAVIR (IDV), ZIDOVUDINE (ZDV), AND LAMIVUDINE (3TC): 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP Gulick R, Mellors J, Havlir D, Eron J, Gonzalez C, Meibohm A, McMahon D, Robertson M, Richman D Abstract: To assess the durability of antiretroviral activity and tolerability of IDV + ZDV + 3TC. |
| 216. | ABACAVIR (ABC), LAMIVUDINE (3TC) AND AMPRENAVIR (APV) +/-RITONAVIR (RTV) IS A POTENT AND WELL-TOLERATED HAART REGIMEN IN THERAPY-NAÏVE SUBJECTS Hernandez J, Bush L, Farthing C, Burnside A, Dejesus E, Boone G Abstract: To determine the efficacy of ABC/3TC/APV+/-RTV in therapy-naïve subjects. |
| 217. | LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (KALETRA) IN ANTIRETROVIRAL NAÏVE HIV+ PATIENTS: 144 WEEK FOLLOW UP White C, Brun S, King M, Murphy R, Hicks C, Eron J, Sun E Abstract: Kaletra is a coformulation of lopinavir (LPV), an HIV protease inhibitor, and ritonavir (r), which inhibits CYP3A, providing increased plasma levels of LPV. Clinical trials of LPV/r are ongoing in HIV infected patients with various levels of prior treatment experience. Data on long term outcomes, however, are limited. |
| 218. | A REGIMEN CONTAINING LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR, EFAVIRENZ, TENOFOVIR DF, AND LAMIVUDINE IS WELL-TOLERATED AND MORE POTENT THAN STANDARD HAART Louie M, Hurley A, Sun E, Brun S, Ho D, Markowitz M, McGowan I, Ramratnam B, Simon V, Ruiz N Abstract: Our results indicate that antiretroviral regimens in common use today may be significantly less potent than previously believed. |
| 219. | FACTORS AFFECTING LONG-TERM VIROLOGIC SUPPRESSION IN PHASE II STUDIES OF LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/R) IN ARV-NAÏVE OR PI-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS. King M, Brun S, Marsh T, Real K, Kempf D, Japour A, Sun E Abstract: Long-term virologic outcomes for pts receiving LPV/r-based regimens were explored in two phase II studies. 70 pts received LPV/r+NVP+NRTIs following virologic failure of a PI-based regimen (median 18 mo. [range 6 mo.- 4 yr.] on first PI regimen), and 100 ARV-naïve pts received LPV/r+d4T/3TC. |
| 220. | BID FIRSTLINE RITONAVIR/INDINAVIR (RTV/IDV) 100/800 IN A GERMAN MULTICENTER STUDY: 24 WEEK RESULTS Voigt E, Wickesberg A, Gute P, Schroeer K, Adam A, Bergmann F, Rockstroh J Abstract: In this study we evaluated safety and efficacy of the PI – combination RTV/IDV 100/800mg bid plus 2 – 3 nucleosid analogues (NRTI) in treatment naïve patients. |
| 221. | THE PI-SPARING COMPACT QUAD REGIMEN OF COMBIVIR (COM)/ABACAVIR (ABC)/EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IS POTENT AND WELL-TOLERATED IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) NAÏVE SUBJECTS WITH HIGH VIRAL LOADS: 24-WK DATA Ruane P, Parenti D, Hessenthaler S, Shepp D, Yau L, St. Clair M, Hernandez J Abstract: Less than 50% of patients on 3-drug HAART regimens achieve HIV RNA (vRNA) <50 c/mL at 48 wks. Implicated factors include potency, pill burden and tolerability. |
| 222. | A MULTICENTER, OPEN-LABEL, 24-WEEK STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INDINAVIR SULFATE (IDV) 800 MG AND RITONAVIR (RTV) 200 MG B.I.D. PLUS 2 NRTIS B.I.D. IN HIV-1 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS WHO REQUIRE EARLY TREATMENT INTERVENTION. Wilson, H; Dejesus, E Abstract: Preliminary data demonstrated the intensified regimen of IDV-RTV 800/200+2 NRTIs b.i.d. appeared to be efficacious in regaining virologic control in many patients failing their initial PI regimen. |
| 223. | DURABILITY OF RITONAVIR (RTV) PLUS SAQUINAVIR (SQV) DUAL PROTEASE INHIBITOR THERAPY IN HIV INFECTION: FOUR YEAR FOLLOW UP Farthing C, Ryan J, Rode R, Markowitz M, Cameron D, McMahon D, Japour A Abstract: In this study, RTV/SQV dual PI therapy with or without NRTI intensification has durable activity and immunologic restoration through 4 years. |
| 224. | 3-YEAR DURABILITY OF RESPONSE WITH AN EFAVIRENZ (EFV)- CONTAINING REGIMEN: 144 WEEK FOLLOW-UP OF STUDY 006 Tashima K, Staszewski S, Morales-Ramirez J, Rachlis A, Skiest D, Ruiz N, Aznar E Abstract: EFV+ZDV+3TC continues to provide greater and more durable viral suppression than IDV+ZDV+3TC through 3 years of follow-up. |
| 225. | A COMPARISON OF THE LONG -TERM ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY AND COMPLIANCE OF TWICE DAILY (BID) AND THREE TIMES DAILY (TID) DOSING OF NELFINAVIR IN A HIV COHORT Ruiz I, Knobel H, Gonzalez J, Santos J, Juega J, Miralles C, Casado J Abstract: To evaluate the tolerability, efficacy and compliance of nelfinavir (NFV) in a twice daily dosing (BID) regimen compared to the three times daily (TID) in a HIV cohort (GEEMA). |
| 226. | NELFINAVIR IN COMBINATION WITH STAVUDINE AND EFAVIRENZ : THE NEPTUNE STUDY'S WEEK 24 DATA Delfraissy JF, Leport C, Raffi F, Trylesinski A, Izopet J, Weiss L, Rozenbaum W Abstract: To evaluate the virological and immunological efficacy of nelfinavir (NFV) in combination with stavudine (d4T) and efavirenz (EFV) in naïve or NRTI pre-treated patients (pts), as measured on plasma HIV RNA PCR using PCR MONITOR® HIV RNA, cellular HIV RNA and CD4 cells counts. |
| 227. | LONG TERM RESPONSES AMONG PATIENTS RECEIVING NELFINAVIR(NFV) AND DUAL NRTI'S AS FIRST EVER HAART Palella F, Gathe J, Brutus A, Sension M, Allen B, Morrow P Abstract: NFV and dual NRTIs as first ever HAART provided durable (>2yrs) benefit. Being ART naïve was predictive of a better virologic response. Equivalent proportions of pts < or > 5 log10 BL VL achieved <400 copies. Equivalent CD4 benefit was seen regardless of BL CD4 or pre-HAART ART experience. |
| 228. | INITIAL THERAPY WITH NEVIRAPINE- OR PROTEASE INHIBITORS-BASED HAART THERAPIES: ONE YEAR COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES. Pérez-Elias M, Moreno A, Moreno S, Dronda F, Antela A, Casado J, Muñoz V Abstract: To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of NVP- compared with PI-based regimens in a population with a high incidence of HCV confection. |
| 229. | INFECTIOUS DISEASES SERVICE EVOLUTION OF FIRST LINE HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES (HAART) IN AN HIV OUTPATIENT SPECIALIZED CLINIC BETWEEN JULY 1996 TO DECEMBER 1999. Pérez-Elias M, Moreno A, Casado J, Dronda F, Antela A, Muñoz V, Moreno S Abstract: To investigate the evolution of naïve patients baseline characteristics and the patterns of initial HAART therapies in a four year period. |
| 230. | COMPARISON OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI)-CONTAINING AND NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NNRTI)-CONTAINING HAART IN HIV PATIENTS NAÏVE TO ANTIRETROVIRALS Becker S, Fusco J, Justice A, Hansen N, Fusco G Abstract: PI and NNRTI-containing regimens appear to have similar virologic and immunologic responses over 12 months when used as first line therapy in patients with HIV infection. |
| 231. | HAART MAY BE SAFELY STARTED WHEN CD4+ COUNT IS 201-350 CELLS/ML. EVIDENCE FROM THE MASTER-1 STUDY Carosi G, Suter F, Maggiolo F, Orani A, Mazzotta F, Vigevani G, Tinelli C Abstract: We could not demonstrate any medium-term immunological (CD4+ cells gain) or clinical (death or ADE) difference between patients starting HAART at 201-350 CD4+ cell/ml or at 351-500 CD4+ cell/ml. Our data support the 2000 BHIVA guidelines and the recent modified version of the 2001 guidelines by the USA-DHHS that suggests to start HAART below 350 CD4+/ml unless HIV-RNA is substantially high. |
| 232. | 48 WEEK EFFICACY OF TRIPLE DRUG HAART CONTAINING DELAVIRDINE AND REDUCED DOSE INDINAVIR IS COMPARABLE TO HAART CONTAINING FULL DOSE INDINAVIR. Eron J, Chu A, Petersen C, Wathen L, Cox S, Greenwald C, Freimuth W Abstract: Delavirdine (DLV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been shown to enhance the pharmacokinetics (PK) of indinavir (IDV), suggesting a role for this combination in highly active antiretroviral therapy. |
| 233. | VIROLOGIC OUTCOME AND PREDICTORS OF VIROLOGICAL FAILURE ON HAART CONTAINING PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN A COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS. Guelar A, Knobel H, Gonzalez A, Vallecillo G, Gimeno J, Saballs P, López-Colomés J Abstract: Data in controlled clinical trials demonstrated HAART have reduced plasma HIV-1 RNA levels to less than 500 copies/mL in 60% to 90 % of patients. |
| 234. | TIME TO FAILURE IN HAART INCLUDING PROTEASE INHIBITORS Contarelli J, Costanzo C, Ramirez Borga S, Alberich G, Michaan M, Oroz V, Massera L Abstract: Therapeutic failure is defined as inadequate viral suppression, unsatisfactory increase in CD4+ cell count or clinical progression. Now is focused on failure to achieve or maintain viral suppression. Protease inhibitors (PI) provide strong and durable suppression of viral replication. |
| 235. | THE EFFECT OF INITIAL ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY REGIMEN ON SUBSEQUENT RESISTANCE PROFILE. Alexander C, Yip B, Wynhoven B, Galli R, Montaner J, O'shaughnessy M, Harrigan R Abstract: Protease inhibitor containing regimens are more frequently associated with single class resistance. A higher frequency of dual class resistance among NNRTI treated patients was noted, particularly among patients on 3TC/NNRTI based regimens. |
| 236. | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV PATIENTS WITH CD4 COUNT BETWEEN 300 AND 500 CELLS/MM3 VANZULLI C, Urquiza A, Vesperoni F, Laurido M, Bugarin G, Bologna R, Cassetti I Abstract: When to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) in asymptomatic chronically HIV-infected patients (pts) is under evaluation, specially in those with CD4+ count >350 cells/mm³. |
| 237. | NON-LABORATORY INDICATORS OF WHEN TO START ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Morgenstern T, Grimes D, Grimes R Abstract: HIV treatment guidelines recommend that ART should not be started until a patient is ready and barriers to ART have been removed. Unfortunately, there are no guidelines to determine patient readiness. This study investigated these issues. |
| 238. | WHEN TO INITIATE HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: A COHORT APPROACH Ahdieh L, Yamashita T, Phair J, Detels R, Wolinsky S, Margolick J, Rinaldo C Abstract: To explore the advantages of early versus late initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy and to propose a nested design that can examine this issue in the context of an observational cohort study. |
| 239. | EFFICACY AND TOLERANCE OF ABACAVIR-CONTAINING ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMENS IN A COHORT OF 145 HIV+ PATIENTS Leautez S, Esnault J, Billaud E, Ferre V, Raffi F Abstract: We analysed a cohort of 145 HIV+ patients(pts), to describe efficacy and tolerance of abacavir (ABV)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the context of clinical practice. |
| 240. | CLINICAL UPDATE ON 24 WEEKS COMBINATION THERAPY WITH ONCE A DAY EFAVIRENZ AND THREE TIMES A DAY INDINAVIR IN HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS IN CHINA Cao Y, Zhang F, Zhou Z, Lu W, Sun H, Zhang C, Mei S Abstract: After we initiated the first clinical trials utilizing Combivir Plus Indinavir two years ago, We are carrying out the second clinical trial “Combination Therapy with Efavirenz and Indinavir for 20 chronically HIV-1 infectious in China. |
| 241. | A COMPARISON OF INITIAL TREATMENT REGIMENS IN ARV-NAÏVE PATIENTS STARTING HAART Sabin C, Matthews G, Mandalia S, Phillips A, Johnson M, Gazzard B Abstract: Information from RCTs comparing treatment regimens in ARV-naïve patients, especially PIs compared to NNRTIs, is often limited. We used databases from two large UK hospitals to compare initial virological responses in ARV-naïve patients starting PI or NNRTI-containing HAART regimens. |
| 242. | DUAL NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY MAY STILL BE CONSIDERED IN NAÏVE PATIENTS? Carosi G, Castelli F, Pan A, Andreoni M, Maserati R, Pastore G, Scudeller L Abstract: the long term clinical effectiveness of dual NRTI combination in HIV-infected naïve patients has remained unproved since triple combination regimens have been adopted as the standard of care soon after the Delta and ACTG175 trials |
| Session 36, Poster: New Antiviral Drugs Monday, July 9th |
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| 243. | ANTIRETROVIRAL ACTIVITY AND CITOTOXICITY OF THREE NOVEL AZT DERIVATIVES Turk G, Moroni G, Pampuro S, Brion M, Salomon H Abstract: AZT (Zidovudine, 3´-azido-3´-deoxithymidine) is targeted to the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, critical enzyme for the replication of the virus. |
| 244. | BCH-10618, A NOVEL NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE WITH PROMISING ACTIVITY AGAINST RESISTANT STRAINS HIV-1 Gu, Z; Ren C, Demuys, J; Taylor, D; McKenna, P; Wainberg, M; Bethell, R Abstract: BCH-10618, a novel anti-HIV-1 nucleoside analogue, has promising activity against wild-type and drug resistant HIV-1 variants, and low in vitro toxicity. BCH-10618 warrants development as an anti-HIV-1 agent. |
| 245. | SCH-C, A CCR5 ANTAGONIST, HAS SYNERGISTIC INTERACTIONS WITH ANTIRETROVIRALS FROM VARIOUS CLASSES Tremblay C, Giguel F, Chou T, Baroudy B, Hirsch M Abstract: The observation of residual viral replication in the presence of commonly used antiretroviral regimens, as well as the emergence of resistance to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors underscore the need for new classes of antiretrovirals. |
| 246. | INHIBITION OF HIV-1 RT BY METALLOPORPHYRINS Wei, X; Detorio, M; Pantopoulus, K; Wainberg, M; Goette, M. Abstract: The RNase H activity of HIV-1 RT is essentially required to convert the genomic RNA into a double-stranded DNA molecule. However, effective and specific RNase H inhibitors have as yet not been developed. |
| 247. | PRIMARY ISOLATES OF HIV-1 ARE INHIBITED BY FUCOSYLATED CHONDROITIN SULFATE INDEPENDENTLY OF CORECEPTOR USAGE. Araujo Pereira S, Antônio Gomes Mello M, Argolo Ferraro G, Galvão-Castro B, A.S. Mourão P, Chequer Bou-Habib D Abstract: HIV-1 enters CD4+ T cells after interacting with the CD4 molecule and one of several chemokine receptors. The alfa-chemokine receptor CXCR4 is the co-receptor for T-cell line-tropic HIV-1 isolates, while macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains use the beta-chemokine receptors CCR2B, CCR3 and CCR5 |
| 248. | EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-HIV-1 POTENCY OF SEVERAL NUCLEOSIDE RT INHIBITORS IN PBL, MACROPHAGES, AND MT4 CELLS, IN VITRO. Hazen, R Abstract: These results demonstrate the in vitro equivalence of 3TC and FTC with respect to potency in the clinically relevant, primary cells, PBL and MAC, and contradict previous claims of increased FTC potency. |
| 249. | SUPPRESSION OF ACUTE VIRAEMIA BY SHORT-TERM MONOTHERAPY WITH THE NNRTI HBY1293 GENERATES POTENT ANTIVIRAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN SHIV-INFECTED MONKEYS RESULTING IN CONTAINMENT OF INFECTION Ruebsamen-Waigmann H, Yasutomi Y, Sawada S, Villinger F, Sugama K, Rosenwirth B, Heeney J, Überla K, Yamazaki S, Mori K Abstract: Conditions resulting in a long-term nonprogressor status and viral containment were studied in an SIV model. 4 weeks of monotherapy during primary infection allowed to achieve viral containment. The type of immune response leading to viral control were analysed. |
| 250. | PHARMACODYNAMIC ANTI-HIV RESPONSE FOR 12 HOURS AFTER SINGLE DOSE OF THE TRIPEPTIDE GPG-NH2 IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS Spira J, Nyman L, Goobar-Larsson L, Vahlne A Abstract: GPG-NH2 (glycyl-prolyl-glycine-amide) is a tripeptide with a new mechanism of action. The tripeptide blocks HIV-1 capsid formation by interferring with the p24 assembly during budding and maturation. It has an IC50 on wild type HIV-1 isolates of approximately 10-15 uM, is effective on all HIV-1 subtypes as well as on resistant strains. |
| Session 37, Poster: Microbicides Monday, July 9th |
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| 251. | NEED ASSESSMENT TOWARDS HIV PREVENTION THROUGH MICROBICIDES: POINT OF VIEW OF AN AFRICAN ADOLESCENT GIRL FROM ZAMBIA AND CONGO D.R. Makelele P, Odimba-Makelele M, Mwewa R, Bamwabi M Abstract: More than 80% of the new HIV-infections are spread through unprotected sex in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV/AIDS figures are the most alarming, with 55% representing women. Vaginal microbicides open new hope in the prevention strategy. |
| 252. | THE NEED TO DEVELOP RECTAL MICROBICIDES Carballo-Dieguez, A. Abstract: Withdrawn |
| 253. | DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL, "DUALLY-ACTIVE" VAGINAL MICROBICIDES WITH HIV AND SPERM INHIBITORY PROPERTIES Doncel G, Savle P, Anderson R, Gandour R, Zaneveld L, Cooper M, Herold B Abstract: Increasing HIV infections and overpopulation are two major public health issues in many developing countries. Interestingly, HIV infection and sperm fertilization share common molecular mechanisms and structures, which make them suitable for a "dual" attack by the same active agent. |
| 254. | PROTECTION FROM CELL-FREE AND CELL-ASSOCIATED HIV-1 INFECTION FOLLOWING A SHORT PRE-TREATMENT OF THE CERVIX WITH UC781 Borkow G, Zussman A, Bentwich Z Abstract: Short exposure of the cervix to UC781 results in complete protection from subsequent HIV-1 infection. UC781 at the active concentrations is not toxic to the human cervix. Therefore, UC781 is an excellent candidate to serve in an HIV-1 microbicide formulation. |
| 255. | PROSPECTS FOR SAFER SEX PRACTICE AMONGST COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS AT OIL LOCATIONS IN NIGERIA: CAN THE VAGINAL MICROBICIDES OIL THE WORKPLACE-BASED AIDS EDUCATION? Faleyimu B, Ubuane L, Faleyimu A, Aremo G Abstract: Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) and Women settlers are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS in the face of sexual network with Field-Based Oil Workers (FBOW) at oil locations. |
| 256. | THE SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF PRO2000, A NOVEL VAGINAL MICROBICIDE IN SEXALLY ACTIVE HIV- AND ABSTIENT HIV+ WOMEN Mayer K, Kelly C, Morar N, Maslankowski L, Emans A, Welch J, Profy A Abstract: To assess the safety and tolerability of topical vaginal gels containing PRO 2000, a synthetic naphthalene sulfonate polymer that inhibits HIV attachment and fusion |
| Session 38, Poster: Reservoires Monday, July 9th |
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| 257. | STRATIFYING RESIDUAL HIV-1 DISEASE AND VIRAL RESERVOIRS: VIROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DELINEATION OF SUBGROUPS OF HIV -1- INFECTED INDIVIDUALS ON SUPPRESSIVE HAART Pomerantz R, Dornadula G, Nunnari G, Zhang H Abstract: Relevant residual disease subgroups of HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive HAART can be stratified by viral out-growth in vitro, which delineates patients with relatively low CD4+ T-cell counts and residual in vivo viral replication in PBMCs. |
| 258. | ICAM-1 GLYCOPROTEINS INCORPORATED ON HIV-1 INCREASE VIRAL INFECTIVITY AND ENHANCE CD4+ T CELL DEPLETION IN EX VIVO HUMAN TONSIL MODEL Bounou S, Tremblay M Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquires several host cell membrane proteins during the budding process. The physical presence of host cell membrane ICAM-1 on HIV-1 has been shown to lead to an increase in virus infectivity in primary human mononuclear cells, as well as in established lymphoid cell lines. |
| 259. | HIV-1 REPLICATION IN MACROPHAGES IS ENHANCED AFTER PHAGOCYTOSIS OF APOPTOTIC CELLS Lima R, Saraiva E, Van Weyenbergh J, Barral-Netto M, Galvão-Castro B, Bou-Habib D Abstract: Clearance of apoptotic cells increases macrophage secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators and may induce suppressive properties in these cells. |
| 260. | GENOMIC DIVERGENCE OF HIV-GAG SEQUENCES FROM PLASMA AND CERVICO-VAGINAL SECRETIONS IN MEXICAN WOMEN González-Solís E, Viveros-Rogel M, Rodríguez-Díaz R, León D, Ortíz-Ibarra J, Soto-Ramírez L Abstract: Nucleotide sequences of HIV-1 isolates from cervico-vaginal (C-V) secretions and plasma in the same individual have shown significant genotypic differences, suggesting the existence of a natural reservoir at the genital level. Other reports however have not shown such a difference. |
| 261. | VIRAL SEEDING AND IMMUNEACTIVATION PREDICTS PLASMA HIV RNA STEADY STATE UNDER HAART. Katzenstein T, Ullum H, Røge B, Wandall J, Dickmeiss E, Skinhøj P, Gerstoft J Abstract: To analyse the longitudinal virological changes in various compartments (plasma, PBMCs and lymphoid tissue (LT)), and to relate these to measures of immune activation in a cohort of patients with plasma viral load (p-vl) <= 200 copies/ml. |
| 262. | HIV SHEDDING IN NASAL SECRETIONS OF HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN WITH RHINORRHEA, BANGKOK Chuachoowong R, Simonds R, Waranarat N, Chokephaibulkit K, Sutthent R, Young N Abstract: HIV RNA is found in nasal/oral fluids of intrauterine HIV-infected newborns with high frequency and concentration. Since exposure to nasal secretions is common in the care of infants and young children, we evaluated whether HIV could be detected in the nasal secretions of HIV-infected children with rhinorrhea. |
| 263. | HIV-1-INFECTED CORTICAL NEURONES IN BRAIN AUTOPSY FROM CHILDREN WITH HIV-1 RELATED ENCEPHALOPATHY. Cantó-Nogués, C; Sáchez-Ramón, S; Lacruz, C; Muñoz-Fernández, M. Abstract: These results provide initial evidence that HIV can actively infect neurones in vivo in children, disclosing a clinico- pathological correlation of this devastating complication. Furthermore, neurones may be an additional HIV-1 reservoir in the CNS. |
| 264. | HIV INCIDENCE, BACTERIAL STDS AND HSV-2 ACQUISITION AMONG MSM IN LIMA, PERU. Sánchez J, Whittington W, Zuckerman R, Ashley R, Lama J, Galván R, Celum C Abstract: HIV is compartmentalized in semen & cervicovaginal secretions, but little is known about the relationship between plasma & rectal HIV load. |
| 265. | FACTORS PREDICITNG RESIDUAL VIRAL REPLICATION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS ADHEREING TO HAART Fraser C, Ferguson N, Anderson R Abstract: Residual HIV replication in patients receiving HAART may occur as a result of a number of factors, including poor adherence, or the existence of physiological or cellular compartments shielded from antiviral drugs: we however predict that ongoing replication under treatment is also an intrinsic dynamical property of HIV infection. |
| Session 39, Poster: Co-Receptors Monday, July 9th |
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| 266. | INFLUENCE OF CCR5 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISMS AND DELTA32 MUTATION ON TREATMENT OUTCOME IN A LARGE HIV-INFECTED, COMMUNITY-BASED COHORT Brumme Z, Chan K, Dong W, Hogg R, O'shaughnessy M, Harrigan P Abstract: A 32bp deletion in the CCR5 gene as well as a number of natural polymorphisms in the CCR5 promoter have been shown to influence HIV-1 disease progression in untreated HIV-1 infected individuals. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the influence of these factors on treatment outcome in 436 antiretroviral naïve individuals initiating their first therapy. The mean follow-up time was 22 months. |
| 267. | CHARACTERIZATION OF A CD4+ T-CELL CLONE EXPRESSING BOTH CXCR4 AND CCR5, HIV-1 CORECEPTORS Sanchez-Palomino S, Bermejo M, Valenzuela A, Arenzana F, Alcami J Abstract: The production and characterization of lymphocytic clones derived from cell lines expressing both HIV-1 coreceptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) in order to develop a target cellular model susceptible to be infected by both R5 and X4 HIV strains. |
| 268. | PREDICTING HIV-1 CYTOPATHOGENICITY AND CO-RECEPTOR USAGE FROM V3 ENVELOPE SEQUENCES BY MACHINE LEARNING Beerenwinkel N, Nolden T, Kupfer B, Selbig J, Daeumer M, Hoffmann D, Rockstroh J, Kaiser R Abstract: While the error rate on our training set of 189 samples slightly increased to 11.6%, we estimated the same value of 11.6% for predicting cytopathogenicity from unseen samples. This virological marker of disease progression can thus be obtained with good certainty from sequence information. Our approach allows one to systematically investigate its clinical relevance for patients with and without HAART. |
| 269. | HUMAN CCR5 GENOTYPE DETERMINATION USING ISOTHERMAL RNA AMPLIFICATION AND REAL-TIME DETECTION WITH MOLECULAR BEACONS Ginocchio C, Lee E, Romano J, Tetali S, Shurtliff R Abstract: The CCR5 chemokine receptor is expressed on the surface of PBMC and functions as a coreceptor for HIV-1 infection. A mutant allele encoding a 32 base pair deletion in the CCR5 gene results in a mutated protein that fails to function as the HIV-1 coreceptor. |
| 270. | CD63: A POTENTIAL COFACTOR FOR HIV INFECTION OF MACROPHAGES Von Lindern J, Pappas T, Grovit-Ferbas K, Deng C, Herbein G, O'Brien W Abstract: The potential involvement of a tetraspan transmembrane protein, CD63, was identified by CD63-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that inhibited infection by HIV. |
| 271. | DIVERSE GP120 DOMAINS INVOLVED IN CCR5 INTERACTION Rojo D, O'brien W, Navarro J Abstract: HIV-1 envelope protein binding to CD4 triggers conformational changes that unmask a coreceptor recognition site. Use of the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) defines R5 viruses. Even though the CD4 binding site in gp120 has been extensively characterized, neither the CCR5 interaction domain in gp120, nor the residues in CCR5 involved in gp120 recognition have been clearly identified. |
| 272. | IMPACT OF CCR5 AND SDF-1 POLYMORPHISM IN THE HIV-1 INFECTION PROGRESSION Hong M, Rigato P, Casseb J, Ueda M, Duarte A Abstract: Few data have been published on coreceptor polymorphism among HIV-1-infected subjects in Brazil. In healthy volunteers, the majority (93%) shown normal homozygous (CCR5/CCR5), and only 7% are heterozygous for the mutant allele (CCR5/delta32). In addition, all Amazon Indians were CCR5/CCR5. No data regarding others coreceptor or chemokine polymorphisms has been reported. |
| 273. | EFFECT OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISMS ON HETEROSEXUAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION IN SERODISCORDANT COUPLES Redini L, Mangano A, Oliva S, Pugliese D, Rocco C, Sen L, Benetucci J Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CCR-2-64I and CCR-5-delta 32 alleles on HIV-1 heterosexual transmission. |
| 274. | HIV CORECEPTOR MUTATION AFFECTS COURSE OF KAPOSI"S SARCOMA IN HIV/HHV-8 POSITIVE PATIENTS Nagy K, Kemeny B, Horvath A Abstract: The primary receptor for HIV entry is CD4,but chemokine coreceptors (CCR) are also necessary for the productive infection.Interaction of mutations of CCR5,CCR2 and stromal derived factor (SDF-1 3A)genes and prevalence and role of HHV-8 infection in the course of HIV disease was analyzed in asymptomatic HIV+ patients in Central Europe ( Hungary) where HHV-8 seroprevalence is 2.1%, and manifest KS is higher in the general population than in Western Europe and the US. |
| 275. | INCREASED HIV-1 CO-RECEPTORS EXPRESSION IN HIV-1 HIGHLY EXPOSED NONINFECTED SEXUAL PARTNERS(HESP): ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSTITUTIVE FACTORS Bentwich Z, Leng Q, Tsimanis A, Weismann Z, Borkow G, Zusman A, Kalinkovich A Abstract: Genetic mutations of HIV coreceptors are associated with protection from HIV infection. Objective: Determine HIV coreceptor expression and function in HESP and its relation to environmental and constitutive factors. |
| 276. | PREVALENCE OF THE CCR5 GENE DELETION IN SALVADOR/BA-BRAZIL AND BRAZILIAN INDIANS: THE POSSIBLE ROLE IN RESISTANCE OF HIV-1 INFECTION Grimaldi R, Shindo N, Dourado I, Bou-Habib D, Galvão B Abstract: CCR5 beta-chemokine receptor functions as a co-factor for the entry of R5 strains of HIV-1 into the cell. It has been demonstrated that a delta32 deletion in the CCR5 gene confers partial resistance to HIV-1 infection. Studies showed that the homozygous mutants are present at a frequency of 1% in the Caucasian and 0,012% in African Americans. |
| 277. | DETERMINATION OF HUMAN INMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SUBTYPES AND CCR5 RECEPTOR PRESENT IN HIV-1 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN CÓRDOBA, PROVINCE OF ARGENTINE. Modesti N, Lucca M, Gonzalez R, Furrer V Abstract: The Human Inmunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) genome shows a significant genetic variation at the env gene, presenting the hypervariable regions V1, V2, V3, V4 y V5. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide secuences of the V3 region of several strains, had led to classified them into a major (M) and outlier (O) group, that differed from each other by approximately 40-50% in their genome. |
| 278. | AIDS: ASSOCIATION OF HLA CLASS II WITH RAPID PROGRESSION Habegger De S. A, Lopez R, Motta P, Marinic K, Sorrentino A, Iliovich E Abstract: Genetics factors of the host may influence both susceptibility to infection agents and their associated disease pathogenesis. Associations have been reported between with presence of specific HLA DR and HLA DQ types and very infections agents. |
| 279. | CONTRASTING FREQUENCIES OF D32-CCR5 AND CCR2-V64I ALLELES IN THE TUNISIAN POPULATION Barbouche R, Hong L, Dellagi K, Kostrikis L Abstract: The human chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is the major co-receptor on CD4+ cells for HIV-1. The absence of CCR5 expression in approximately 2% of the caucasian population is due to homozygosity for a 32-nucleotide deletion in the coding region (D32-CCR5) and protects efficiently against HIV-1 transmission. |
| Session 40, Poster: Markers of Disease Progression Monday, July 9th |
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| 280. | IMPAIRED NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION AND INOS EXPRESSION IN PBMC FROM HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS ARE ASSOCIATED TO DISEASE PROGRESSION Cairoli E, Brito C, Tiscornia A, Radi R, Pritsch O, Savio E, Cayota A Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus infection is known to induce a progressive immune dysfunction which is partly attributed to an increased level of lymphocyte apoptosis. Nitric oxide, (NO) is a pleiotropic mediator and signalling molecule involved in a growing number of cell functions including regulation of apoptotic cell death. NO can exert opposite effects on the apoptotic process depending on its concentration and cell type. At physiological concentration NO has been demonstrated to inhibit apoptosis and suppress HIV replication in vitro. This work was aimed at gaining further insight into the link between NO and the progression of HIV-induced immune dysfunction. |
| 281. | SOLUBLE UROKINASE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR RECEPTOR (SUPAR) - A POTENTIAL MARKER FOR RESPONSIVENESS TO HAART? Jensen K, Madsen C, Kirk O, Meyer A, Parner J, Lundgren J, Krogsgaard K, Eugen-Olsen J Abstract: We investigate if the serum level of suPAR has prognostic value for efficacy of HAART treatment, measured as an increase of CD4 T cell counts. |
| 282. | THE SERUM SUPAR LEVEL PREDICTS MORTALITY IN HIV-1 AND HIV-2 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS FROM GUINEA-BISSAU, WEST AFRICA. Eugen-Olsen J, Gustafson P, Sidenius N, Fischer T, Aaby P, Gomes V, Lisse I Abstract: To determine whether the serum suPAR level carries prognostic value in individuals infected with HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 in Guinea Bissau. |
| 283. | THE PRESENCE OF THE SMALL SUPAR FRAGMENT D1, IN THE URINE OF HIV-1 PATIENTS ON HAART CORRELATE WITH THE HIV-1 VIRAL LOAD Lyngaa Nielsen R, Sidenius N, Eugen-Olsen J Abstract: Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) is localized on the cell surface of several cell types, including leukocytes, through a glycosylphosphatidylinosityl (GPI) moiety. |
| 284. | CORRELATION OF ANTI-GP41 HIV-1 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AND PROGRESSION OF AIDS. Viveros-Rogel M, Acero G, Govezensky T, Rodríguez-Díaz R, Gevorkian G, Larralde C, Soto-Ramírez L Abstract: No correlations were found between anti-GP41 antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 primary isolates and progression of AIDS. |
| Session 41, Poster: Cost Benefit and Outcomes of HAART Monday, July 9th |
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| 285. | COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF OPEN FORMULARY ACCESS TO ANTIRETROVIRALS: THE PENNSYLVANIA AIDS DRUG ASSISTANCE PROGRAM EXPERIENCE Kauf T, Folby J, Tolson J, Pham S Abstract: This study examines the value of open formulary access to ARVs based on the experience of the Pennsylvania AIDS Drug Assistance Program (PA ADAP). |
| 286. | COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY VERSUS LATE INITIATION OF HAART Kauf T, Pham S, Tolson J Abstract: The best time to initiate highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is subject to debate, but drug cost has been cited as one reason to delay treatment. |
| 287. | COST-BENEFIT OF HAART REDUCED BY DELAYED DIAGNOSIS AND LATE STAGE PRESENTATION; THE HETEROSEXUAL EPIDEMIC IN 2000 Adams I, Rezende Vargas M, Nonato Costa Bicalho H Abstract: At a referral AIDS clinic, in a country where HAART is universally available, an increase was noted in the year 2000 in admissions of people recently diagnosed, in an advanced stage of HIV infection. The reasons for delay in diagnosis, leading to a less successful outcome of HAART, were sought. |
| 288. | COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) HAART VS NON-PI HAART Goodly J, Grimes R Abstract: To determine the most cost-effective means of initiating HAART in treatment-naïve HIV positive patients. |
| 289. | TRENDS IN THE PRESCRIPTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN MADRID, SPAIN Rodríguez-Rosado R, Jiménez-Nácher I, Soriano V, Martín-Carbonero L, González-Lahoz J Abstract: Dramatic improvements in the treatment of HIV infection have occurred since 1996. Pharmacy records from all HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy seen since Jan 1996 to Dec 2000 in one HIV/AIDS center located in Madrid were analyzed. |
| 290. | EFFICACY OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN ROUTINE PRACTICE Pujol E, Lomas J, Merino D, García J, Carrasco J, Rodríguez F, Creagh R Abstract: to determine the HIV RNA and CD4 cell response and the predictors of virological and inmunological outcomes in all HIV adults first starting HAART, naïve or pretreated patients, at our hospital between December 1996 and January 2000, who received at least 24 continuous week´s therapy. |
| 291. | THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) USING BIOMARKER-BASED EQUIVALENCE OF DISEASE PROGRESSION Jacobson L, Li R, Phair J, Margolick J, Rinaldo C, Detels R, Munoz A Abstract: Different CD4 counts associated with the same disease risk in treated and untreated populations reflect the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Our goals were to identify predictors of disease progression following use of HAART and determine the non-HAART-treated CD4 cell count with equivalent disease progression to those who start HAART with < 200 CD4 cells. |
| 292. | USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT (ARTV) IN MEXICO ACCORDING TO HIV--1 PLASMA VIRAL LOAD. Rodríguez-Díaz R, Viveros-Rogel M, González-Solís E, Soto-Ramírez L Abstract: To analyze the use of ARVT in Mexico according to the results of plasma VL in a random sample of patients that attended our reference lab. |
| 293. | USE OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) IN A MEXICAN COHORT: OUTCOME AND PREDICTORS OF FAILURE Jauregui L, Ruiz Palacios G, Niño Oberto S, Peasey A, Guerrero L, Sierra Madero J Abstract: The efficacy of HAART in less developed countries may be affected by problems with access to specialized care and drugs, concomitant diseases and other socioeconomic problems. |
| 294. | CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WHO CHOOSE TO REMAIN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE AND THOSE WHO BEGIN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Kostman, J; Luskin-Hawk, R; Wentworth, D; Bartsch, G; Malvestutto, C; Abrams, D Abstract: Pts remaining off treatment may represent a unique cohort of stable long-term non-progressors that warrants continued follow-up. The results of FIRST will likely be broadly generalizable as pts randomized are comparable to ART-naïve CPCRA pts beginning therapy outside of the trial. |
| 295. | BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF 725 HIV+ ANTIRETROVIRAL NAÏVE PERSONS ENROLLED IN A MULTICENTER ANTIRETROVIRAL STRATEGY TRIAL Macarthur R, Mayers D, Chen L, Peng G, Schmetter B, CPCRA 058 TEAM Abstract: CPCRA 058 (FIRST) is an ongoing randomized trial of 3 antiretroviral (AR) strategies in AR-naïve HIV+ persons. By August 2000, 725 persons were enrolled. |
| 296. | CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV PATIENT HOSPITALIZED DURING THE PERIOD OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY ( HAART ). Pujol, E; Garcia Moreno, J; Lomas, J; Merino, D; Carrasco, F; Creagh, R Abstract: 1.-HAART has meant a qualitative an quantitative change in the clinical situation of our patients.2.-The patients that are actually being admitted do not take part in HAART and their HIV infection is in an advanced state, and it is because of this that specific programs of follow up and social family support are required for these. |
297. | THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANALYTIC METHOD USED IN CLINICAL TRIALS OF HAART. RESULTS FROM EUROSIDA AND RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIALS Kirk, O; Lundgren, J Abstract: Withdrawn |
| 298. | FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILURE OF HIV POSITIVE PERSONS TO RETURN FOR SCHEDULED MEDICAL VISITS Arici C, Ripamonti D, Rizzi M, Suter F, Ravasio V, Pezzotti* P Abstract: to assess the factors in the failure of HIV patients (pts) to return for medical visits. Materials: Pts of a infectious-disease unit in Bergamo, Italy (the province’s only HIV reference centre), with first visit between Jan 1985 and Sept 1999 and CD4 count <500 cells/mmc or clinical AIDS at first visit (i.e. pts eligible for therapy). |
| 299. | ADVERSE PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS AND AN ACUTE ABDOMINAL ENTITY. Ferat E, Luna G, Nieto L, Treviño S, Arroyo R, Santoscoy M, Majluf A Abstract: Abdominal pain is a diagnostic challenge in AIDS patients due to the wide amount of pain etiologies: opportunistic infections, tumors, organ enlargement, or inflammatory diseases. AIDS patients may have any abdominal problem as non-infected population; however, it is likely that these problems may appear complicating AIDS-related abdominal entities. |
| 300. | PHYSICIAN EXPERIENCE, PRESCRIBING PRACTICES, PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS, AND SURVIVAL FROM HIV DISEASE SINCE JULY 1996 Wood E, Chan K, Montaner J, Tyndall M, Schechter M, O'shaughnessy M, Hogg R Abstract: We explored socio-demographic and healthcare-related factors associated with survival in a province-wide HIV Treatment Program, that provides free ART. |
| 301. | A COMPARISON OF MEDICAL OUTCOMES FOR HIV SERVICES DELIVERED IN A PUBLIC HEALTH SETTING AND A MEDICAL (MEDICAID) MANAGED CARE SETTING IN ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Akil B, Pearce C, Daly D, Weismuller P Abstract: Although patients receiving care through CalOptima see their physician more frequently than patients receiving care from the HCA there is no difference in CD4+ cell count change over time, even after adjusting for baseline CD4+ cell count. |
| 302. | CHANGING INCIDENCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND CORRESPONDING USE AND COST OF SERVICES IN NPMS-HHC SITES, 1996-1999 Mandalia S, Beck E, Parmar D, Youle M, Gazzard B, et al. Steering Group NPMS,-HHC Abstract: The substantial decrease in the incidence of AIDS-defining events was associated with a substantial reduction in the use of inpatient services during the study period. Estimated costs for treatment with different anti-retroviral regimens also decreased over this period. |
| 303. | AIDS-RELATED MORBIDITY BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF HAART Borderi M, Verucchi G, Spinosa S, Tadolini M, Fortunato L, Giuliani R, Chiodo F Abstract: To describe the changing spectrum in terms of quantitative and qualitative features of AIDS-related morbidity before and after the introduction of HAART. |
| 304. | HAART AND HOSPITALISATION-SUBGROUP ANALYSIS FROM 1406 FIRST TIME HOSPITALISED PATIENTS (1996-2000 THE BERLIN COHORT) Arasteh K, Zwingers T, Ewers M, Schmidt F, Mueller M, Sternfeld T, L´Age M Abstract: The natural history of HIV-1 infection as well as the spectrum of HIV associated diseases has profoundly changed due to the broad use of antiretroviral combination therapy. Although mortality, morbidity is decreasing in the Berlin cohort, hospitalisation of infected patients is still frequent. |
| 305. | CAUSES OF DEATH IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS: A COMPARISON OF TWO LARGE INNER CITY HOSPITALS. Bochorishvilli V, Ahmed N, Pulvirenti J, Tenorio A, Irfan M, Shastri P, Kessler H Abstract: To compare the causes of mortality in HIV-infected adults cared for at 2 inner city Chicago hospitals located in close proximity to each other: Cook County Hospital, a public hospital(PH) and Rush Medical Center,a tertiary care teaching hospital(TCH). |
| 306. | STABLE DECLINE IN HOSPITALIZATIONS AND MORTALITITY IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION, 1996-2000 Williams W, Grodesky M, Hageman A, Johnson S Abstract: To prospectively study the impact of effective antiretroviral therapy on the characteristics of hospital admissions and mortality for patients receiving care in a university HIV program. |
| 307. | THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL AND PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT ON AIDS PATIENTS' SURVIVAL RATE CALCULATED WITH THE CLINICAL SEVERITY INDEX. Gonzalez-Canudas J, Quiroz M, Perez P, Halabe J, Nellen H Abstract: It is important to estimate the survival rate of AIDS patients once treatment is initiated. When patients present CD4+ cell counts under 200, survival depends a great deal on the type of complications they suffer and the treatments they receive. |
| 308. | THE MOMENT OF DIAGNOSIS IN A COHORT OF AIDS PATIENTS USING THE IMPACT OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS FOR AIDS PATIENTS Gonzalez-Canudas J, Quiroz H, Perez S, Halabe J, Nellen H Abstract: To determine the survival rate of AIDS patients according to the year of infection, using the impact of opportunistic infections for AIDS patients. |
| 309. | GENDER DIFFERENTIALS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH HIV Carten M, Pulvirenti J, Sarazine J, Gail C, Glowacki R, Priya P, Cohen M Abstract: Little data are available regarding gender differences among hospitalized HIV patients (pts) in the HAART era. |
| 310. | SPECTRUM OF DISEASES IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH HIV INFECTION IN HAART ERA Valencia E, Martín-Carbonero L, Soriano V, López M, González Lahoz J Abstract: The number of opportunistic infections wich led to hospitalization in patients HIV + has decreased and their spectrum has modified since the use of HAART. The causes of hospital admisssion in a Service of Infectious Diseases in Madrid over the last 5 years were analyzed. |
| 311. | MORTALITY MODELING OF INDIVIDUALS UNDER HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) Hatzakis G, Gilbert L, Tsoukas C Abstract: Despite the proven clinical benefits of HAART, mortality may still occur; particularly in those with < 50 CD4+ cells/mL albeit below detectable plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA. |
| 312. | PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION AND DEATH IN ADVANCED HIV INFECTION DURING HAART ERA Reus S, Gimeno A, Portilla J, Martínez-Madrid O, Sánchez-Payá J, García-Henarejos A, Grupo Irene Abstract: In spite of HAART, some HIVpts progress and die. Our aim was to evaluate predictors of progression in advanced-HIV pts. |
| 313. | AIDS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS IN THE HAART ERA: UNIVERSAL ACCESS IS NOT UNIVERSALLY PROTECTIVE Sisto A, Aronson S, Distefano C, Perez H, Cahn P Abstract: To analyze the hospitalization rate in a five year period, diagnosis at discharge, demographic characteristics and prior ARV therapy. |
| 314. | TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS MAY BE USED TO PRIORITIZE HIV INFECTED INDIVIDUALS' ELIGIBILITY FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN RESOURCE POOR SETTINGS Bedell R, Hogg R, Yip B, O'shaughnessy M, Montaner J Abstract: To characterize the prognostic value of baseline total lymphocyte counts, CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels among patients initiating triple combination therapy. |
| 315. | LATE PRESENTATION OF HIV DISEASE IN THE ERA OF POTENT THERAPY Hogan C, Dobkin J, Brudney K, Chiasson M, Woodward M, Hammer S Abstract: Delayed diagnosis of HIV results in missed opportunities for intervention. Characterizing persons 1st diagnosed with HIV during hospitalization in urban epicenters is important for targeting strategies. |
| 316. | STUDY OF A COHORT (COHORT OMEGA) OF PATIENTS WITH A LATE STAGE OF HIV INFECTION DIAGNOSED IN THE HAART ERA Santos J, Palacios R, Castells E, González M, Ruiz J, Márquez M Abstract: To analyse the epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic, virologic and evolutive characteristics of a cohort of patients with late stage HIV infection diagnosed in the HAART era. |
| 317. | SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN HIV+ PATIENTS THROUGHOUT THE HAART ERA. Nuñez M, Díaz B, Del Castillo J, Barreiro P, González-Lahoz J Abstract: HAART has prolonged the life expectancy of HIV+ patients by promoting intense virus suppression and significant immune recovery. However, little is known on the impact of these benefits in the surgical complications of HIV+ patients. |
| 318. | A CASE-CONTROL STUDY TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF HIV/AIDS PROGRESSION WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND TREATMENT OF ANEMIA: RESULTS FROM 1996 ENROLLMENT COHORT Creagh T, Mildvan D, Bohn H, Moore R, Ray L Abstract: A case-control study with retrospective chart review assessed the relationship of anemia to progression (PROG) of HIV/AIDS in the HAART era. |
| 319. | ANEMIA MORE PREVALENT IN WOMEN AND AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH HIV/AIDS. Mildvan D, Creagh T, Anemia Prevalence, Study Group Abstract: Recent studies in HIV/AIDS pts with minimal HAART have found an association of anemia with poor outcomes. However, data on anemia frequency among US pts in the HAART era are sparse. This study describes anemia prevalence and associated risk factors among pts seen during 2000. |
| Session 42, Poster: Strategies for Delivery and Access to HAART Monday, July 9th |
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| 320. | STRATEGIES FOR ACCESSING AND DELIVERING OF ARVS Atwiine S, Agweng E, Takubwa J Abstract: To assess the cost of Anti-retroviral Therapy (ARV) as a strategic means of distributing and accessing ARVs. |
| 321. | SUCCESSFUL ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY CLINICAL RESEARCH IN SOUTH AFRICA. Sanne I, Ive P, McIntyre J, Gray G, Mohapi L, Wood R, Venter F, Conradie F Abstract: HIV/AIDS prevalence has reached epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa, with limited impact from prevention strategies. Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a high prevalence and limited resource setting such as S.A is considered unattainable. |
| 322. | SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC MANEUVERING IN AN EFFORT TO INCREASE ACCESS TO HIV THERAPY IN POOR RESOURCE SETTINGS Gilada I Abstract: In India with the worlds sixth of population and fifth of HIV (12 million: PHO-2000), PLWHA envy ARV therapy with frustration as cost is prohibitive, their availability erratic and follow-up protocol at stake. Adherence to CDC criteria of Hit Early, Hit Hard, at <500 CD4 count and >10,000 copies/L viral load (VL), following prognostic markers, will bankrupt us. Appropriate handling of PLWHA in care-settings, by indigenously modifying treatment, drug combinations and follow-up can increase affordability and survival. |
| 323. | CAN ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE HAVE AND IMPACT ON SURVIVAL FOR PERSONS INITIATING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY? AN UNRESOLVED ISSUE. Hogg R, Chan K, Wood E, Oshaughnessy M, Montaner M Abstract: To characterize patterns of survival among persons initiating double and triple combination therapy in the United States and Canada. |
| 324. | HAART IN MILLENNIUM 2000: IMPLICATIONS IN RESOURCE LIMITED SETTINGS. Shankpal P, Shankpal V, I Sule N, Deshmukm Y Abstract: In todays’ concept of global village, there is tremendous development & awareness on anti-retrovirals (ARV). But in reality, developing nations still can’t afford the ARV drugs. This is a major issue of concern applying to north-south divide. |
| 325. | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS - AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS SURVEY IN KENYA Kimani J, Kariri A, Plummer F, Pangu K Abstract: In much of Africa, data on the availability and access to antiretrovirals is lacking. Kenya, is no exception. A survey was conducted to: ascertain availability of antiretrovirals, the proportion of HIV infected individuals accessing them, identify challenges obstructing wider use and collect suggestions on initiatives that could be formulated into affirmative actions. |
| 326. | HAART ACCESS AND USE BY STREET YOUTH AT A COMMUNITY BASED OUTREACH CLINIC Adams, I Abstract: To determine the accessibility and compliance of HIV positive clients to ARV in Uganda. |
| 327. | STRATEGIES FOR DELIVERY OF ARVS Enzama R, Mbaga F, Turyatemba C Abstract: To determine the accessibility and compliance of HIV positive clients to ARV in Uganda. |
| 328. | WHY DO MANY INDIGENT PATIENTS NOT RECEIVE HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART)? Visnegarwala F, Graviss E, Sajja P, Kohil K, Lahart C, Arduino R, White A Abstract: To evaluate predictors for not receiving HAART in an urban public clinic. |
| 329. | A MECHANISM FOR THE DELIVERY OF HAART IN SOUTH AFRICA USING AN EXISTING MODEL OF CARE IN THE OCCUPATIONAL SETTING Morris C, Cheevers E Abstract: To describe an existing model of care for HIV/AIDS within South Africa that is a framework for the safe and effective delivery of HAART. |
| 330. | ASSESSING THE NEED FOR AN HIV "WALK IN" SERVICE WITHIN A BUSY STD CLINIC Freedman E, El-Gadi S, Fadojumtimi M, Obeysekera S Abstract: HIV patients often use HIV clinics as their first port of call with many medical and social problems. This may not be appropriate and may impinge on the provision of other services such as STDs or specialist clinics. We decided to carry out a survey of “Walk In” patients to reduce the number of “Walk-Ins” and improve our HIV services. |
| 331. | PREVALENCE AND LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES IN A COHORT OF SEROINCIDENT INJECTING DRUG USERS. Muga R, Egea J, Sirera G, Rudi M, Fuster D, Tor J, Rey-Joly C Abstract: The extent of initiation, changes and discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have not been investigated in HIV+ injecting drug users (IDUs). Objectives: Describe ART use in 3 calendar periods, changes in use of medications and discontinuation over time by seroconverter IDUs having acces to ART. |
| 332. | IMPACT OF INJECTING DRUG USE ON DISCONTINUATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Egea J, Muga R, Tor J, Fuster D, Sirera G, Arnal J, Rey-Joly C Abstract: To analyze use of ART and discontinuation in HIV+ active heroin abusers. |
| 333. | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV+VE COUPLES IN MUMBAI Shah S, Trikmani R, Purohit A Abstract: Many issues like social, economical etc. are related to HIV infected partners and more so when that both need the Antiretroviral Therapy. |
| Session 43, Poster: Pharmacology Monday, July 9th |
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| 334. | AMPRENAVIR (APV) PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS ARE DRAMATICALLY DECREASED BY THE ASSOCIATION WITH ABT378/R IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS (PTS). Lamotte C, Peytavin G, Duval X, Boue F, Reynes J, Katlama C, Farinotti R Abstract: ABT378 and APV are both potent HIV protease inhibitors (PI) illustrating 2 strategies to enhance antiviral efficacy on resistant viral strains. ABT378/r activity is based on its high inhibitory quotient and APV presents an unique resistance profile compared to other PI. Both are metabolized by CYP3A but the reciprocal drug-drug interactions remains unknown. |
| 335. | DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION SPECIFICITY OF AMPRENAVIR/RITONAVIR IN DUAL PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) COMBINATIONS Guiard-Schmid J, Meynard J, Poirier J, Jacquemet N, Girard P, Rozenbaum W, Jaillon P Abstract: As indinavir (IDV) and saquinavir (SQV), amprenavir (APV) exposure is significantly increased with ritonavir (RTV) co-administration. However, the influence of these PIs on RTV plasma concentrations can widely differ. |
| 336. | A MULTIPLE-DOSE, RANDOMIZED, CROSSOVER, DRUG INTERACTION STUDY BETWEEN TENOFOVIR DF AND EFAVIRENZ, INDINAVIR, OR LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR Flaherty J, Kearney B, Wolf J, Sayre J, Coakley D Abstract: To investigate the potential for drug interactions between tenofovir DF (TDF) and efavirenz (EFV; n = 29), indinavir (IDV; n = 12) or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; n = 21) in a steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) study in healthy volunteers. |
| 337. | A MULTIPLE-DOSE, RANDOMIZED, CROSSOVER DRUG INTERACTION STUDY BETWEEN TENOFOVIR DF AND LAMIVUDINE OR DIDANOSINE Kearney B, Flaherty J, Sayre J, Wolf J, Coakley D Abstract: The potential for drug interactions between tenofovir DF (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC; n = 15) or didanosine (ddI; n = 14) were investigated in a steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) study in healthy volunteers. |
| 338. | CONFIRMED AND POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING NNRTI'S AND PI'S IN A UNIVERSITY-BASED HIV CLINIC Caldwell R, Delacruz L, Montoya J, Harbour M, Zolopa A Abstract: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI’s) and protease inhibitors (PI’s) are implicated in a number of drug interactions. If these drug interactions are not carefully evaluated, either treatment failures or adverse events can occur. |
| 339. | DOES AN INCREASE IN NEVIRAPINE PLASMA LEVELS ALLOW TO REACH COMPLETE VIROLOGICAL SUPPRESSION IN SUBJECTS WITH EARLY VIROLOGICAL FAILURE? Gonzalez-Requena D, Nunez M, Jimenez-Nacher I, Soriano V, Gonzalez-Lahoz J Abstract: Virological response to nevirapine (NVP) has been reported to correlate with NVP plasma levels. We have examined whether patients who experience low level HIV viremia might have inadequate NVP plasma levels, and therefore might benefit from an increase in NVP dosing. |
| 340. | OPIATE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME IN NEW EFAVIRENZ RECIPIENTS UNDER METHADONE MAINTENANCE REGIMEN Boffito M, Rossati A, Dal Conte I, Reynolds H, Gibbons S, Back D, Di Perri G Abstract: Efavirenz (EFV) induces cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) activity and its co-administration with several drugs undergoing CYP3A4 metabolism is contraindicated. However, there are only limited data on the interaction between EFV and methadone, another CYP3A4 substrate. |
| 341. | LOPINAVIR AND RITONAVIR TROUGH PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS IN HIV-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS TREATED WITH KALETRA Meynard J, Guiard-Schmid J, Poirier J, Jacquemet N, Girard P, Rozenbaum W, Jaillon P Abstract: Lopinavir (LPV) + ritonavir (RTV) is a new potent dual protease inhibitor (PI) combination. 400/100 mg BID is the clinical dosing regimen based on virological, pharmacokinetic and tolerability considerations. LPV and RTV trough (Cmin) plasma concentrations in HIV-experienced patients were studied. |
| 342. | COMPARISON OF THE PLASMA PHARMACOKINETICS OF LAMIVUDINE DURING TWICE AND ONCE DAILY DOSING IN HIV-1 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS Bruno R, Ciappina V, Villani P, Ragazzi B M, Panebianco R, Fiuce G Abstract: To compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of lamivudine during twice daily (150 mg bid) and once daily (300 mg qd) dosing.. |
| 343. | INDINAVIR AND SAQUINAVIR UNBOUND FRACTION MEASUREMENTS IN HIV-1 POSITIVE PATIENT PLASMA Boffito M, Tjia J, Reynolds H, Hoggard P, Meaden E, Di Perri G, Back D Abstract: To investigate antiretroviral interactions at the level of protein binding, measuring free fractions of indinavir (IDV) and saquinavir (SQV) when administered alone or in association with ritonavir (RTV) at different dosages and to compare in vitro-based data (SQV, IDV and RTV were shown to be 97, 60, and 99% bound respectively) with ex vivo results. |
| 344. | SAQUINAVIR (SQV) PLASMA AND INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATIONS IN A ONCE DAILY DOSING COMBINATION FORTOVASE (SQV-SGC)- LOW DOSE RITONAVIR (RTV) IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY (IMEA 015) IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS PTS. Landman R, Peytavin G, Lamotte C, Mentre F, Gerbe J, Dohin E, Yeni P Abstract: RTV-SQV-SGC qd regimen was supported by the in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships established for SQV and by the expected enhancement of treatment adherence. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerance of RTV 100 mg and SQV-SGC 1600 mg qd regimen based on a threshold of IC95 of SQV plasma concentration. |
| 345. | RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SAQUINAVIR EXPOSURE AND ANTIVIRAL EFFECT IN STUDY NV15107, AND NV15720-THE FORTOVASE/R ONCE-DAILY STUDY Jahns B, Hill A, Buss N Abstract: The evaluation of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships has assisted in dose selection of antiviral agents including saquinavir-soft gel (SQV), as well as dose-modification with ritonavir (RTV). |
| 346. | INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF ONCE DAILY (OD) NELFINAVIR (NFV) / RITONAVIR (RTV) COMBINATIONS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS Aarnoutse, R; Burger, D; Van Oosterhout, J; Droste, J; Koopmans, P; Popescu, M; Hekster, Y Abstract: Administration of OD NFV/RTV with a light meal is not bio-equivalent to intake with a regular meal. It is recommended to take NFV/RTV OD with full meals that are comparable to the regular test meal. |
| 347. | VALIDATION AND USE OF POPULATION PHARMACOKINETIC ESTIMATES OF NELFINAVIR Breilh D, Pellegrin J, Morlat P, Pellegrin I, Ducint D, Trylesinski A, Saux M Abstract: A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis has been conducted on nelfinavir (NFV) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Breilh et col. 40th ICAAC Toronto 2000). |
| 348. | POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF NELFINAVIR (NFV) AND CORRELATION TO EFFICACY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS Hsyu P, Capparelli E, Amantea M, Kerr B Abstract: This study was multiple-center 48-week clinical efficacy and safety study (AG1343-556) in naïve pediatric HIV+ patients comparing NFV (20-30 mg/kg tid)+AZT+ddI (Group A) and AZT+ddI (Group B) in South America. |
| 349. | THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (TDM) OF NELFINAVIR (NFV) IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY (LIVIR IMEA 014) IN HIV-HCV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS (PTS) WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. Peytavin G, Landman R, Lamotte C, Trylesinski A, Legac S, Mentre F, Yeni P Abstract: NFV is extensively metabolised by the liver. Because of the frequency of associated diseases, changes in the hepatic metabolism of drugs are expected. To determine NFV and its active metabolite M8 minimal plasma concentrations (Cmin) and to monitor NFV dosage to sustain NFV Cmin ranging 0.3 to 1.0 mg/L and to investigate efficacy and tolerance. |
| 350. | BMS-232632: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF AGE AND GENDER EFFECTS ON THE SINGLE-DOSE PHARMACOKINETICS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS O'Mara E, Randall D, Stoltz R, Geraldes M, Mummaneni V Abstract: For both gender and age, the Cmax and AUC(INF) 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of the geometric means were partially contained within the pre-specified confidence interval (0.75–1.33) to establish lack of effect of age and gender on Cmax and AUC(INF), respectively. The results were, therefore, statistically inconclusive. The differences of the point estimates from one were not considered clinically significant. |
| 351. | INFLUENCE OF 50 MG, 100 MG AND 200 MG RITONAVIR (RTV) ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF AMPRENAVIR (APV) AFTER MULTIPLE DOSES IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS FOR ONCE DAILY (QD) AND TWICE DAILY (BID) REGIMENS Kurowski M Abstract: To determine the PK and safety of APV QD and BID dosing regimens when combined with low-dose RTV. |
| 352. | COMPARISON OF QD PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PIS): ESTIMATED CMIN/IC50 (IQ) AFTER MISSED DOSE SHOWS AGENERASE ADVANTAGE Naderer O, Parks D, Rogers M, Randall S, Snowden W, Maguire M, Furfine E Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of PIs amprenavir (APV), saquinavir (SQV), indinavir (IDV), and lopinavir (LPV) are improved when given with low dose ritonavir (RTV). These regimens improve pill count, dosing frequency, and potentially improve efficacy with higher plasma concentrations at the end of dosing intervals. |
| 353. | PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF INDINAVIR (IDV) AT A REDUCED DAILY DOSE AND DOSING FREQUENCY WHEN CO-ADMINISTERED WITH DELAVIRDINE (DLV) IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Tran J, Cox S, Kerr B, Lillibridge J, Wathen L, Greenwald C, Freimuth W Abstract: DLV, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A. Previous studies have showed that DLV significantly inhibited the metabolism of IDV while IDV had no effects on the PK of DLV, suggesting the potential for a reduction of IDV daily dose and/or dosing frequency. |
| Session 44, Poster: Primary HIV Infection Monday, July 9th |
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| 354. | HIV-1 PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL OUTCOME IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY INFECTION Kopka J, Batalla M, Mangano A, Mecikovsky D, Bologna R, Sen L Abstract: HIV-1 infection with a bimodal course differs considerably from adults. "In vitro" biologic features of HIV-1 isolates in adults have been associated with the course of infection, while in children remain controversial. |
| 355. | THE QUADRIVAR TRIAL: HAART, IL-2 AND HYDROXYUREA ADMINISTERED AT PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION Lafeuillade A, Poggi C, Counillon E, Chadapaud S, Hittinger G, Marlier S, Emilie D Abstract: To determine the effects of a combination of a HAART, Hydroxyurea and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients diagnosed with PHI. |
| 356. | SUCCESSFUL SEMPLIFICATION OF HAART IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PRIMARY HIV INFECTION Sinicco A, Bonora S, Arnaudo I, Zeme D, Audagnotto S, Raiteri R, Di Perri G Abstract: To evaluate the rate and the duration of viral load suppression in patients with PHI after HAART and subsequent semplification to 2 NRTI-based regimen. |
| 357. | FAILURE OF ACUTE HIV INFECTION TREATMENT WITH MULTITHERAPY WITHOUT PROTEASE INHIBITORS : ROLE OF GENOTYPIC ASSAY PRIOR TO THERAPY STARTING. Abel, S; Dos Santos, G; Césaire, R; Sobesky, G; Cabié, A Abstract: In this antiretroviral naïve women with acute HIV infection, the detection of those mutations prior to treatment starting indicate a transmission of a multiresistant strain of HIV : zidovudine, lamivudine and PI. Selection of efavirenz associated mutations can be explained by initial resistance to lamividine (M184V) and zidovudine (T215Y). After 9 months of therapy, viral response was suboptimal, CD4 count was not increased and therapeutic options were limited. A genotypic assay prior to therapy starting would have modified the choice of regimen. This case support the use of resistance testing prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV infection especially when multitherapy without IP is considered. |
| 358. | PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION IN A HIGH PREVALENCE POPULATION DURING THREE CONSECUTIVE YEARS IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA. Fernandez Giuliano S, Zapiola I, Juncos G, Mammana L, Wainstein C, Multare S, Bouzas M Abstract: To compare the seroconversion rate for HIV-1 infection during a 3-month period from 1998, 1999 and 2000 for a high prevalence population. |
| 359. | NEW HIV INFECTION RATE IN A LARGE UNIVERSITY BASED HIV TREATMENT CENTER Johnson D, McGinnis C, Perez M, Alexander D, Alfaro M, Jwch Institute Abstract: Understanding the epidemiological factors that governed viral spread of HIV can provide insight into the emergence of acute primary HIV-infection. HIV counseling and testing have been a major part of HIV prevention programs since the mid-1980s in free standing non-treatment centers. |
| Session 45, Poster: Epidemiology Monday, July 9th |
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| 360. | A MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY OF 1.743 HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN SPAIN Soler M, Miro J, Podzamczer D, Force L, Vilaró J, Casabona J Abstract: The objective of this study was to organize a longitudinal study and obtain information in clinical and epidemiological data from HIV infected patients attended in several Spanish hospitals, and to examine the seropositive people at regular intervals at variations in clinical and pathological characteristics. |
| 361. | CLINICAL CHARACTERICTICS OF INFECTION DISEASE HIV/AIDS IN HOLGUIN PROVINCIA .FROM 1986 TO 2000 Medina E Abstract: A descriptive longitudinal study on HIV/AIDS infection in Holguin province.A total number of 88 infected patients , 25 develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 20 patients died. An analysis of main oportunistic infection as well as their clinical characteristcs. |
| 362. | COINFECTIONS WITH HIV, HBV, HVC, HTLV-I, HTLV-II IN INJECTION DRUG USERS FROM BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Weissenbacher M, Martínez Peralta L, Rossi D, Vila M, Sosa Estani S, Radulich G, Rey J Abstract: The spread of HIV and other viruses related to injection drug use (IDU) has become an important public health problem in the Southern Cone. Although trends in the epidemic differ by country, IDU represents a very significant route of HIV transmisssion in Argentina. |
| 363. | PREVALENCE OF INFECTION BY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS USING NESTED-PCR IN PATIENTS WITH CO-INFECTION RETROVIRUS (HTLV-I AND HIV-1) Carnauba Jr D, Nogueira E, Hashizume A, Tomiyama H, Granato C Abstract: Infection by Cytomegalovirus is the most important infection in immunocompromissed. Because this it is important to establish a sensitive system to monitor HCMV infection. |
| 364. | HTLV INFECTION IN SPAIN Toro C, Machuca A, Rodés B, Soriano V, Htlv Spanish Group Abstract: We describe the main characteristics of subjetcs with HTLV-I/II infection in Spain. |
| 365. | EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV-2 INFECTION IN SPAIN Toro C, Machuca A, Rodés B, Soriano V, Hiv-2 Spanish Group Abstract: We describe the main characteristics of subjetcs with HIV-2 infection reported in Spain up to 31 January 2001, by examining report forms from the HIV-2 National Registry Database. |
| 366. | EVIDENCE OF HIV-2 INFECTION IN NORTHERN ITALY Quiros-Roldan E, Castelli F, Chiodera A, El-Hamad I, Airoldi M, Patroni A, Carosi G Abstract: The selective ineffectiveness of some antiretroviral drugs (NNRTI) against HIV-2 make it important to discriminate HIV-2 from HIV-1 in HIV-1/HIV-2 ELISA seropositive subjects. This is particularly true for patients with undetectable plasma HIV-1 viral load in the absence of treatment. |
| 367. | SCREENING OF BLOOD FOR HIV/ HEPATITIS B IN BLOOD DONORS DOES NOT REFLECT THE INCIDENCE OF HIV IN THE COMMUNITY Saini, R; Singh, J; Sharma, S Abstract: The screening of blood donors for HIV and Hepatitis B is not an accurate marker for the actual incidence of HIV or Hepatitis B in the population. |
| 368. | HIV SEROPREVALENCE IN ARGENTINA'S BLOOD BANK Pugliese M, Payero M, Rodriguez E, Fernandez R Abstract: HIV/AIDS dissemination through blood and its derivatives ceased after the introduction of blood screening for HIV. The purpose of this work was to evaluate during 35 months (from February 1998 to December 2000) the development of the Anti-HIV marker in our donor population and to compare the seroprevalence observed during those 3 years. |
| 369. | HIV PREVALENCE AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN SÃO PAULO/BRAZIL ACCORDING TO TYPE OF DONATION. Gonçalez, T Abstract: From 1996 to 1999, the prevalence of HIV decreased among first time blood donors independent of the type of donation, supporting the idea that the HIV epidemic in São Paulo city has stabilized. The prevalence of HIV-positive 1st time donors was consistently higher in altruistic as compared to replacement donors, suggesting that altruistic donations are not safer than replacement donations in our population. Donors seeking to be tested for HIV infection are probably more frequent among so-called "altruistic" donors. This may also explain the sudden increase in the prevalence in this group in the year 2000. |
| 370. | BACTERIAL STDS AND HSV-2 ACQUISITION AMONG MSM HIV SEROCONVERTERS IN PERU Lucchetti A, Sánchez J, Collis T, Lockhart D, Whittington W, Coombs B, Celum C Abstract: Most AIDS cases in Peru are among men who have sex with men (MSM): HIV incidence and risk factors for HIV have not been studied in this population. |
| 371. | HIV/AIDS AND MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Moghaddasian S, Abdollahzadeh F Abstract: It is estimated that 33 million people world wide are positive for HIV and that 67% of HIV positive cases are in the age group of 21-30 years.The KAP regarding HIV/AIDS of the vulnerable group (21 to 31 years) will be of immense help to formulate strategies for prevention of HIV/AIDS. |
| 372. | MODELING HIV PATHOGENESIS IN THE AMSTERDAM SEROCONVERTERS COHORT Fraser C, Ferguson N, Coutinho R, Coutinho R, Goudsmit J, Anderson R, De Wolf F, Miedema F Abstract: We develop a mathematical model of day-to-day HIV viral replication and antigen-driven T-cell activation that explains the patterns of disease in a large cohort of patients. |
| 373. | ASSOCIATION OF HLA-DQ AND HLA-DR ALLELES WITH INFECTION HIV-1 AMONG A POPULATION IN CHACO PROVINCE, ARGENTINA Motta P, Marinic K, Lopez R, Sorrentino A, Habegger De S A, Iliavich E Abstract: The pathogenesis of infection clearly involves immunoregulatory host factors and products of Mayor Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes class II; genes encoding products that present antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor on CD4+ cells which in turn augment production of specific antibodies and cytoloxic T lymphocyts. |
| 374. | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG SEX-WORKERS IN CONAKRY Magassouba F, Bah B, Loua A, Camara M, Aieng A, Balae M Abstract: The objective of this study is: determinate the prevalence rate of HIV, syphilis and trichomonasis among sex-workers in Conakry. |
| 375. | ASSOCIATION OF HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION AND HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG WOMEN WITH HIV. Mundy L, Catz S Abstract: To determine the extent to which hormonal contraception effects risky sexual behaviors, we assessed sexual risk perceptions and behaviors of 80 women enrolled in HIV care in 1999. |
| 376. | RELATIONSHIP OF THE USE OF PRESERVATIVE AND THE TREATMENT WITH HAART. Carmena J, Ricart C, Jordan M, Vicente R, Morales E, Perez C, León P Abstract: The contagion of the HIV depends on the viral load ( VL ), being the patients with viral load undetectable those which less contaminate. |
| 377. | CHANGES IN SEXUALITY Mukonde F Abstract: To determine changes in sexual behaviour in tertiary institution students following increased HIV-AIDS awareness campaigns. |
| 378. | GENDER SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES RELATED TO NEVIRAPINE TREATMENT IN HIV-1 INFECTED DRUG USERS Miguez-Burbano M, Castillo G, Rodriguez A, Lecusay R, Campa A, Shor-Posner G Abstract:This study assessed the safety and efficacy of Nevirapine in HIV+ male and female drug users in a clinical setting. |
| 379. | CHARACTERIZATION OF ST. JOHN'S WORT USE IN A COMMUNITY CLINIC: LACK OF ASSOCIATION WITH VIRAL BREAKTHROUGH. Young B, Baker R, Stewart C, Widick B, Zellner P, Wood K Abstract: St. John’s wort (SJW) has been shown to pharmacologically interact with the HIV protease inhibitor (PI) indinavir. |
| 380. | PREVALENCE OF MEDICINAL MARIJUANA USE IN HIV INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN A PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SETTING Prentiss D, Balmas G, Tsuang G, Grima J, Israelski D Abstract: This study, based in a public health care setting in Northern California, is a cross-sectional investigation of the prevalence of marijuana use, other illicit drug use, adherence to antiretroviral treatments, and their associations with complete viral suppression and quality of life measures. |
| Session 46, Poster: Molecular Epidemiology Monday, July 9th |
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| 381. | HIV GENOTYPING IN MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN AND HETEROSEXUAL MEN IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA. Pando M, Russell K, Maulen S, Negrete M, Gomez Carrillo M, Carr J, Avila M Abstract: The results showed that the prevalence of subtypes was very different in the two populations. Previous sequencing studies performed in our laboratory demonstrated a high prevalence of B/F inter-subtype recombinants (87.5%) when HMA subtypes were F (76%) and B (24%). Therefore, if vaccine trials are to be considered, further studies on different at risk populations as well as sequencing of genome should be continued. |
| 382. | HIV-1 SUBTYPES IN VERTICALLY INFECTED CHILDREN FROM BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Ovejero M, Sen L Abstract: A recent report of HIV-1 infected pregnant women and their heterosexual partners surprisingly indicated a prevalence of genotype F by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) and a few of them when sequenced revealed to be B/F recombinants. |
| 383. | B/F INTER-SUBTYPE RECOMBINANT OF HIV-1 IS THE MOST COMMON GENETIC FORM IN AN ANTENATAL POPULATION IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA. Gomez Carrillo M, Pando M, Negrete M, Carr J, Salomón H, Russell K, Avila M Abstract: The most common genotype of HIV-1 circulating in Argentina has been subtype B. Recently, subtype F and B/F recombinants were identified. Molecular epidemiology can be a useful tool in tracking the emerging epidemics in defined populations. |
| 384. | ANALYSIS OF FULL-LENGTH SEQUENCES OF A NEWLY IDENTIFIED HIV-1 BF CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT FORM AND OTHER INTERSUBTYPE RECOMBINANT VIRUSES FROM ARGENTINA Thomson M Abstract: To analyze the mosaic structures of full-length sequences of BF recombinant viruses, previously reported by us to be widely circulating in Argentina. |
| 385. | HIV POLYMORPHISM IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL Rodrigues R, Gianna M, Hong M, Leandro J, Oliveira M, Brigido L Abstract: Three clades HIV-1 B, HIV-1 C and HIV-1 F circulate in the State of São Paulo. These observations were based mostly in HMA. |
| 386. | EVIDENCE FOR TWO DIFFERENT PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF GWGR AND GPGR VARIANTS OF SUBTYPE B HIV-1 VIRUSES IN BRAZIL Pinto M, Schechter M, Struchiner C, Russo C Abstract: The B subtype of HIV-1 predominates in the Americas. A few variants of this subtype have been described. These variants are represented by several motifs at the crown of the V3 region of the env gene. |
| 387. | ALGORITM FOR HIV-1 SEROTYPING USING AN MODIFIED V3 EIA IN SÃO PAULO CITY Komninakis S, Montanheiro P, Casseb J Abstract: The HIV-1 subtyping may be done using reactivity to the V3 loop region. In Brazil, has been observed at least 4 HIV-1 subtypes, B, C, D co-circulating. The subtype B presents in the tip of the V3 region the GPGR motif (USA/Europe) and GWGR (variant Brazilian B´). |
| 388. | HIV-1 SUBTYPES, CCR5 DELETIONS AND CO-INFECTIONS IN HIV-1 CHILEAN PATIENTS Desgranges C, Carvajal P, Afani A, Guzman M, Sepulveda C Abstract: To study the HIV-1 subtypes in a cohort of Chilean HIV-1 infected patients and to compare the delta 32 CCR5 deletion and co-infection (HTLV-I and HHV8) in HIV-1 infected and non-infected Chilean subjects. |
| 389. | SUBTYPING AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF HIV-1 ISOLATES FROM VENEZUELA Castro E, Echeverria G, Deibis L, Gonzalez B, Moreira Dos Santos A, Morgado M Abstract: To characterise HIV-1 subtypes among infected individuals from Venezuela. |
| 390. | RAPID IMUNOASAY TESTING AMONG 72 HIV-1 CLADES B AND F INFECTED INDIVIDUALS FROM VENEZUELA Castro E, Echeverria G, Gonzalez B, Morgado M Abstract: To monitor HIV-1 variability among HIV-1 infected individuals from Margarita Island and Caracas; 2- To evaluate rapid imunoassay Insti HIV-½ (Bartels Inc., Richmond, BC – Canada) recently introduced in Venezuela. |
| 391. | MONITORING HIV-1 SUBTYPES IN MEXICO BY HMA AND BST XI RESTRICTION ANALYSIS OF GAG AMPLICONS. Gudiño J, Wong C, González E, Soler C Abstract: The presence of non-B subtype viruses in some countries in Latin America has lead us to maintain surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes in our population since 1994. In this study, heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA) and restriction of gag amplicons with Bst XI were used to screen for HIV-1 genotypes in PBMC’s from HIV-1 infected individuals. |
| 392. | IMPACT OF HIV-1 NON-B SUBTYPES IN MADRID, SPAIN Holguin A, Alvarez A, Soriano V Abstract: To study the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among immigrants attended in a reference HIV/AIDS clinic in Madrid, Spain. |
| 393. | IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW B/G RECOMBINANT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 IN PORTUGAL Taveira N, Bártolo I, Antunes R, Helena Lourenço M, Camacho R, Pinheiro M, Moniz Pereira J Abstract: To study the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in Portugal, the C2-V3 env gene region of 103 HIV-1 infected individuals residing in Lisbon was sequenced and the virus subtype was determined by phylogenetic analyses, using the neighbour-joining method with bootstrap and the Kimura two-parameter model. |
| 394. | GENETIC CHARACTERIZATON OF HIV-1 STRAINS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EPIDEMIC AMONG IDU'S IN SAINT-PETERSBURG Smolskaya T, Liitsola K, Kevlova N, Achtyrskaya N, Markevich N Abstract: From the 1997-1998 the HIV came into the community of intravenous drug users in St.-Petersburg. The objective of present investigation is to study genetic subtype of HIV strain causing HIV epidemic among IDU’s at its initial stage. |
| 395. | GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE C ORIGINATING FROM ETHIOPIA Loemba H, Brenner B, Spira B, Petrella M, Maayan S, Wainberg M Abstract: In view of the increasing prevalence of subtype C viruses, it is important to further characterize these variants with respect to their genotype, phenotype and drug resistance profile. |
| 396. | IN PATIENTS FAILING HAART,PATTERNS OF PI AND RT MUTATIONS DIFFER IN B VERSUS NON-B SUBTYPES. Hermans P Abstract: We assess the relationship between subtypes and protease (PR),reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations in relation to antiviral therapy(ART). |
| 397. | ABSENCE OF GENETIC DIVERSITY REDUCTION IN THE HIV-1 INTEGRATED PROVIRAL LTR SEQUENCE POPULATION DURING SUCCESSFUL COMBINATION THERAPY Martinez M, Ibañez A, Clotet B Abstract: Integrated proviral fragments of LTR taken from four time points were PCR amplified from PBMCs. The study period included a naïve phase and 1-2 years of therapy. |
| 398. | ARE CYTOGENETIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO HIV PERSISTENTLY CELL LINES RELATED TO THEIR DIFFERENCES IN VIRAL SPREAD? Rabinovich R, Guazzone V, Ceballos A, Merani S, Martinez Peralta L Abstract: In order to study the spread of infection co cultures between MT2 and two cell lines infected with HIV-1: whether HXB2 (H9HTLVIIIB) or MN (H9HTLVIIIMN) were performed. The original lines showed different percentages for antigen positive cells (20% for H9MN and 97% for H9HXB2). Several H9: MT2 cell ratios were used: 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000. Syncitia were observed in a greater number and earlier in H9MN-MT2 than H9HXB2-MT2. |
| 399. | EMERGENCE OF NEW HIV-1 SUBTYPES OTHER THAN SUBTYPE C AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN. Handema R., Terunuma H., Kasolo F., Hirotake K., Moses S., Yamamoto N., Ito M. Abstract: The objective of this study was to document HIV-1 subtype distribution among antenatal women as a part of a nation-wide molecular epidemiological study that seeks to access the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes. |
| 400. | HIV DISEASE PROGRESSION: IS THE BRAZILIAN VARIANT SUBTYPE B´ (GWGR MOTIF) LESS PATHOGENIC THAN US/EUROPEAN SUBTYPE B (GPGR) IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL ? Casseb J, Komninasky S, Rodrigues R, Brigido L, Veiga A, Almeida A, Duarte A Abstract: The aim of this study was to analysis the difference between the subtype B (GPGR motif, B) and (GWGR motif, B' ) in HIV disease progression. |
| 401. | LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF HIGHLY AVIDITY ANTI-V3 ANTIBODIES (HAAV3) FOR THE SUBTYPE B (MOTIF GPGR) AND THE BRAZILIAN VARIANT B' (MOTIF GWGR) IN SÃO PAULO. Montanheiro P, Komninakis S, Duarte A, Casseb J Abstract: In Brazil, 80-90% are subtype B, which reveals in the crown of the V3 loop, a tetramer with GPGR motif as observed in the USA/Europe and also has a unique variant typically Brazilian co-circulating, with GWGR motif (B´). It seems that a higher number of AIDS events occured among GPGR cases than B´. |
| Session 47, Poster: Laboratory Markers Monday, July 9th |
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| 402. | QUANTIFICATION OF HIV-1 VIRAL LOAD UNDER THE DETECTION LIMIT BY NUCLISENS HIV-1QT Martinez, A; Arce, M; Mackintosh, R; Herrera, F; Juarez, C; Carballal, G Abstract: Results herein obtained suggest that VL quantification under the detection limit should be further studied as a marker of evolution |
| 403. | ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SENSITIVE NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION ASSAY FOR QUANTITATION OF HIV-1 RNA: NUCLISENS HIV-1 QT Witt D, Simons F, Kemper M, Stellrecht K, Ginocchio C Abstract: The new assay was highly specific and demonstrated an increased sensitivity with a broader linear dynamic range compared to other amplification assays for HIV-1 RNA. |
| 404. | EVALUATION OF NUCLISENS® EASYQ HIV-1.NASBA-BASED ASSAY FOR REAL-TIME QUANTITATION OF HIV-1 RNA USING MOLECULAR BEACONS Koppelman M, Oosterlaken T, Top B, Cuypers H Abstract: By combining NASBA amplification technology with homogeneous molecular beacon detection an assay for real-time quantitation of HIV-1 RNA, NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1, was developed. |
| 405. | STANDARDIZATION OF HIV-1 GENOTYPING IN LOW VIREMIA SAMPLES. McClernon, D; Melsert, R; Simons, F; Cronin, M; St. Clair, M Abstract: Our results suggested that the prevalence of HIV infection is higher than those rates found in free-standing HIV testing centers which currently report a 3-5% sero-positivity rate. HIV testing should be routinely offered to all sexual partners of individuals who receive their HIV care in a Ryan White funded HIV treatment center. Testing in these types of centers remains suboptimal. Future public health campaigns should intensify efforts to encourage HIV testing among this high-risk population. |
| Session 48, Poster: Preventive and Therapeutic Vaccines Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 406. | PROTECTIVE HUMORAL MUCOSAL AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY HIV-DNA AND PROTEIN IMMUNIZATION. Hinkula J, Devito C, Broliden K, Wahren B, Bolmstedt A Abstract: Nucleic acid vaccines have shown effective as inducers of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The aim was to evaluate the capacity of HIV-1-DNA plasmids and HIV-1 peptides to induce HIV-1 specific systemic and local IgA immunity. |
| 407. | EXPANDING DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PHASE III CLINICAL TRIALS FOR HIV-1 VACCINES: A ROLE FOR MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND A CALL FOR NEW STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES Desai K, Boily M, Masse B, Garnett G, Guyatt H, Anderson R Abstract: HARE can provide more valid estimates, identify time-lag, and give insight on model of action, permitting public health decision makers to understand more fully the true characteristics and potential use of the vaccine. |
| 408. | CONDUCTING AN HIV VACCINE EFFICACY TRIAL IN THAILAND: LESSONS LEARNED AND EXPERINCE GAINED Migasena S, Choopanya K, Vanichseni S, Pitisuttithum P, Kitayaporn D, Heyward W Abstract: In March 1999, the first international HIV vaccine efficacy trial was initiated among IDUs in Bangkok to determine the protective efficacy of AIDSVAXTM B/E HIV vaccine, confirm its safety, and determine if vaccine can prevent chronic infection or disease. |
| 409. | UNSTABLE HOUSING AND BELIEF OF INFECTION PREDICT WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN A VACCINE TRIAL AMONG YOUNG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN IN VANCOUVER O'Connell J, Chan K, Piaseczna M, Montaner J, O'Shaughnessy M, Remis R, Hogg R Abstract: To compare sociodemographic characteristics and risk behaviours among young gay and bisexual men with respect to participation in an HIV-vaccine trial. |
| 410. | HUMAN RESPONSE TO HIV GENETIC AND PROTEIN IMMUNOTHERAPY Wahren, B; Calarota, S; Bratt, G; Hinkula, J; Leandersson, A; Sandström, E. Abstract: Withdrawn. |
| 411. | ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HIV-1 SPECIFIC ANTIGENS AND AGAINST HLA ALLOANTIGENS USING AN INACTIVATED HIV-1 IMMUNOGEN: IMPLICATION FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HIV DISEASE Fernández-Cruz E, Navarro J, Abad M, Díaz L, Vicario J, Clerici M, Muñoz-Fernández M Abstract: REMUNE-associated immune modulation was analyzed in a subset of HIV+ patients (pts) from a multicenter, double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, randomized study of REMUNE (n=34) versus IFA (n=32) coadministered with antiretrovirals. |
| 412. | THERAPEUTIC IMMUNIZATION WITH REMUNE ALTERS KINETICS OF VIRAL REBOUND AFTER STRUCTURED THERAPY INTERRUPTION Bucy R, Moss R, Gersten M Abstract: Subjects from a randomized adjuvant (IFA)-controlled REMUNE vaccine trial designed to detect clinical end-points, who had maintained a plasma HIV RNA of <50 c/ml for the 6 months prior to entry, underwent a planned 6 week Structured Therapy Interruption (STI). |
| 413. | PREDICTORS OF HIV-SPECIFIC LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES INDUCED BY THERAPEUTIC VACCINATION Moss R, Wallace M, Steigbigel R, Morrison S, Giermakowska W, Nardo C, Carlo D Abstract: It is possible that host factors such as availability of HIV-specific T cell clones, levels of viral replication, and pre-existing immune activation impact on the ability of the immune system to respond to therapeutic vaccination in HIV-infected individuals. |
| 414. | MATERNAL AND NEONATAL IMMUNIZATION WITH AN INACTIVATED, WHOLE-KILLED HIV-1 WITH IMMUNOSTIMULATORY SEQUENCES OF DNA STIMULATES BOTH CELL-MEDIATED AND HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES Moss R, Diveley J, Carlo D Abstract: Breast feeding may contribute to increasing seroconversions in infants. A vaccine may have a role in preventing perinatal transmission if immunity can be established early in development. Furthermore, immunity may require enhancement of both antibody and cellular immune responses. |
| Session 49, Poster: Antiretroviral Therapy II Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 415. | HIVNAT 002.1/002.2: IMMEDIATE (IS) VERSUS DEFERRED SWITCHING (DS) FROM DDI/D4T TO AZT/3TC IN A HIV+ THAI POPULATION AND DETERMINE PREDICTORS TO IMPROVE TREATMENT RESPONSE TO LONG-TERM DUAL NUCLEOSIDE Hassink E, Cardiello P, Manotaya S, Ruxrungtham K, Cooper D, Lange J, Phanuphak P Abstract: To identify the best treatment strategy for switching between dual nucleosides, either before or after virological failure and to find predictors for acceptable long-term treatment strategies. |
| 416. | A MULTICENTER, OPEN-LABEL, 24-WEEK PILOT STUDY WITH A 24-WEEK EXTENSION TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY AND EFFICACY OF INDINAVIR (IDV)-RITONAVIR (RTV) 800/100 BID IN COMBINATION WITH D4T PLUS 3TC IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. Schranz, J Abstract: 24-week data demonstrated that IDV-RTV 800/100 BID + d4T/3TC in PI, 3TC, and abacavir naïve patients had potent antiretroviral activity as demonstrated by HIV RNA suppression and CD4 cell count increases. |
| 417. | FINAL ANALYSIS OF A 24-WEEK RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED, OPEN-LABEL EVALUATION OF ADHERENCE AND CONVENIENCE OF CONTINUING INDINAVIR VERSUS SWITCHING TO RITONAVIR/INDINAVIR 400 MG/400 MG BID (THE NICE STUDY) Sension M, Harley W, Dejesus E, Jiang P, Garrett L, McMillan F, Japour A Abstract: The majority of subjects preferred the RTV/IDV regimen due to improved adherence and convenience. Both arms provided durable HIV suppression in the majority of subjects. |
| 418. | SUCCESSFUL SUBSTITUTION OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS WITH EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IN PATIENTS WITH UNDECTABLE VIRAL LOADS - A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER, OPEN-LABEL STUDY (DMP 049) Rachlis A, Becker S, Gill J, Dejesus E, Pierone G, Ruiz N, Aznar E Abstract: EFV substitution of a PI, in a suppressive PI-containing regimen, successfully maintains ARV suppression (VL <=50 cpm), continued increases in CD4 counts, and is associated with improved adherence. This strategy may allow for improved long-term treatment success. |
| 419. | SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC SUPPRESSION IN SUBJECTS SWITCHED FROM PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PIS) TO NEVIRAPINE (NVP) Imperiale S, Carlier H Abstract: These data suggest that NVP can be effectively and safely substituted for a PI without significant loss of virologic control. |
| 420. | RANDOMIZED SWITCH AFTER 48 WEEKS OF HAART Arasteh, K; Masuhr, A; Mueller, J; Zwingers, T; Moll, A; Lauenroth-Mai, E; Moecklinghoff, C. Abstract: Withdrawn. |
| 421. | SWITCHING PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN NON-FAILING HIV+ PATIENTS Bottaro E, Laurido M, Caiafa D, Bugarin G, Pascual A, Lopardo G, Cassetti I Abstract: Changing PIs for a NNRTI or ABC seems to be safe and effective in pts with undetectable VL for at least 6 months. Almost all pts remained with undetectable VL. 2-Metabolic disturbancies did not improve after switch, therefore alternative strategies may be implemented in such cases. |
| 422. | SUCCESSFUL MAINTENANCE OF LOW HIV-3 VIREMIA AFTER EARLY VS. LATE SWITCHING FROM PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI)-CONTAINING HAART TO PI-SPARING HAART CONTAINING EITHER NEVIRAPINE (NVP), EFAVIRENZ (EFV), OR ABA Blick G, Greiger-Zanlungo P, Sharfuddin M, Garton T, Hatton E Abstract: Switching PI-based regimens to PI-sparing regimens containing NVP, EFV, or ABC can successfully maintain PCR<1000 for at least 12 months. All PI-sparing regimens are capable of maintaining or improving CD4% and cell counts regardless if the switch is made early or late, but virological and immunological improvements are more profound and durable when switched early. Switching late is associated with significantly greater immunosuppression. |
| 423. | SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MODIFYING ART BY SWITCHING FROM A PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI)- BASED REGIMEN TO EFAVIRENZ (EFV) PLUS COMBIVIR (CMB) Johnson D, Squires K Abstract: This study demonstrates that virologic suppression initially achieved with a PI-based regimen can be successfully maintained after changing to EFV+CMB. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which were elevated before the switch, declined significantly by the end of six months after the modification in antiretroviral therapy. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of this strategy. |
| 424. | LACK OF RESISTANCE TO PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI) IN PATIENTS FAILING TO A REGIMEN WITH NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS , AFTER SIMPLIFICATION FROM A SUPPRESSIVE PI-CONTAINING THERAPY Antela A, Casado J, Arrizabalaga J, Perez-Elias M, Iribarren J, Moreno S Abstract: In patients switching from a suppressive PI-containing therapy to a NNRTI-based regimen who fail to the latter, there is not evidence of development of resistance to PIs which could compromise the rescue with the new use of PIs. |
| 425. | SIMPLIFICATION TO HU-DDI IN PATIENTS BEING ON LONG-TERM SUCCESS UNDER HAART Barreiro P, Díaz B, Soriano V, González-Lahoz J Abstract: HU-ddI represents an acceptable simplification regimen in subjects with good virologic control but lipodystrophic features under HAART. The virologic and immunologic benefit obtained with HAART is preserved and the morpho-metabolic changes revert in most instances. |
| 426. | ONCE-DAILY VS TWICE-DAILY DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY (DOT) FOR MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN A METHADONE (MET) PROGRAM Conway B, Prasad J, Devlaming S, Riddell R Abstract: Treatment of HIV-infected intravenous drug-users (IDUs) provides a unique set of challenges, including Met interactions, HCV co-infection and adherence. We describe here a program investigating the use of qd and bid DOT for treatment of HIV for patients in a Met program. |
| 427. | THE FEASIBILITY OF DOT AMONG HIV+ SUBSTANCE USERS: A PILOT STUDY Urbina B, Flanigan T, McKenzie M, Cu-Uvin S, Mitty J Abstract: DOT is an acceptable and feasible intervention among HIV+ substance users who have a history of non-adherence. Preliminary results suggest good retention and a decrease in viral load with an associated increase in CD4%. Future research is needed to evaluate the extent DOT is necessary to increase long term adherance. |
| 428. | DIRECTLY OBSERVED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV POSITIVE INMATES WOMEN IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA De Carolis L, Wainstein C Abstract: Despite lower increase in CD4+ cells count, women under DOAT had rapid and greater overall decline in HIV RNA levels during therapy. We didn’t found adverse effects in this population. |
| 429. | LONG TERM EFFICACY OF TRIPLE NUCLEOSIDE TREATMENT IN NONADVANCED HIV INFECTION: HIVNAT 003 COHORT. Ungsedhapand, C; Suwanagool, S; Srasuebkul, P; Hassink, E; Lange, J; Cooper, D; Phanuphak, P Abstract: Triple nucleoside combination has a sustained virological and immunological efficacy at wk 144 in pts with nonadvanced HIV infection. Switching to d4T/3TC/ABC after 1 yr provides a significant CD4 cell response benefit. Pts starting treatment with a pVL <50,000 cp/ml have a 6 fold higher chance on being undetectable after 3 yrs of triple therapy. |
| 430. | COMPARISON OF EFFICACY, SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF INDINAVIR /RITONAVIR (IND/RIT) COMBINATION TO INDINAVIR ALONE IN A COMMUNITY CLINIC Visnegarwala, F; Sajja, P; Fasano, P; Sepcie, B; White, A Abstract: IND/RIT was better tolerated than IND alone. There were high rates of virological success in naïve and switch patients. There was also an immunologic and partial virologic response in heavily pre-treated, largely NNRTI experienced pts. |
| 431. | LONG-TERM EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND TOLERABILITY OF NEVIRAPINE (NVP)-CONTAINING REGIMENS. INTERIM ANALYSIS OF AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN HIV-1 INFECTED ADULTS Eskoetter, H; Kaliebe, T; Rasokat, H; Mielenz, H Abstract: In this study evaluating NVP, rash was reported in 6% of the pts which is below the range in clinical trials. Our data demonstrate that the use of NVP is manageable, generally well tolerated and effective when administered by prescription in a non-selected out-patient population. |
| 432. | EXPERIENCE WITH NEVIRAPINE IN COMBINED TREATMENTS. Garcia Messina, O; Bases, O; Jauregui Rueda, H; Monticheli, A; Uriburu, A Abstract: In the studied population, the CD4 basal values had more predictive value of the antiviral response after 64 weeks of treatment than the basal viral load values.The adherence was good as it motivated a change of treatment only in 6,25 % of the cases, whereas the toxicities observed because of severe dermatitis (7,8%) or hepatic reasons (2,34%) were slightly higher than the ones described in the literature. |
| 433. | LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF HIV-2 PLASMA VIRAL LOAD: CORRELATION WITH CD4+ T CELLS AND ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Gomes, P; Taveira, N; Camacho, R; Figueiredo, S; Caldeira, L; Mansinho, K; Lourenco, M Abstract: Our results show that viral replication is low in most HIV-2 infected individuals as compared to HIV-1 infection, and that antiretroviral treatment reduces viral load and improves the clinical status of HIV-2 infected patients, mainly in patients with advanced stage of disease. This should be taken into account when managing HIV-2 infected patients. |
| 434. | IMMUNO-VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO LONG-TERM SAQUINAVIR (SQV)-CONTAINING HAART AND RELATION TO SAQUINAVIR-ASSOCIATED RESISTANCE MUTATIONS. Ferre, V; Francois-Brunet, C; Poirier, A; Guillard, V; Guerin, P; Leautez, S; Raffi, F Abstract: Patients receiving HAART with two NRTI/SQV can experience a persistent immunological benefit despite a sub-optimal, although significant (-0.76 log10 RNA copies/ml), virological response on long-term follow-up (>3 years). Acquisition of L90M mutation did not preclude significant reduction of plasma viral load and CD4 increase, which suggests decreased fitness and/or less virulence of mutated viruses. Cross resistance to other PIs of SQV-mutated viruses remain low, even after long-term SQV exposure. These results may have implications in the therapeutic strategy for the sequential use of PIs. |
| 435. | HIV RNA AND CD4 CELL COUNT RESPONSE TO HAART IN A COHORT OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN BUENOS AIRES Casanovas, R; Duran, A; Lourtau, L; Losso, M; Toibaro, J Abstract: Failure of HAART to suppress HIV RNA levels below detectable levels is common in clinical practice. Despite high percentage of patients achieved indetectable levels of viral load, most of them required changes in ARV therapy regarding toxicity and compliance. |
| 436. | ELECTHIV 2 (EUROPEAN LEVEL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUES IN HIV): USE OF NATC (NATURAL, ALTERNATIVE, TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY) AMONG PEOPLE WITH HIV IS RELATED TO HAART SIDE EFFECT? Nasta, P; Agnoletto, V Abstract: NATC user in Europe are people with high level of schooling, an old chronic HIV infection, a good immuno- virologic control by HAART. They referred side effect more often than gB and suspended or change drugs more frequent. The people who use NATC are more sensible to Neuropathy and lipodistrophy. |
| 437. | LONG TERM H.A.A.R.T. FAILURE IN HIV INFECTED ADULT PATIENTS Lattes, R; Bogdanowicz, E; Foccoli, M; Stecher, D; Lasala, M Abstract: In long term treated pt viral resistance studies might have an important role in therapeutic decision making. In naïve patients VL > 500,000 could be a risk factor for delayed failure. Non adherence seems to be a more important failure factor in experienced than in naïve pt. when taking into account CD4 cell count at beginning of HAART. |
| 438. | LONG TERM OUTCOME IN ELDERLY HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN PROTEASE INHIBITORS CONTAINING HAART. Guelar, A; Knobel, H; Vallecillo, G; Gonzalez, A; Saballs, P; Gimeno, J; López-Colomés, J Abstract: Immunologic and virologic outcome in the elderly was not different in relation to younger patients, however the rate of adverse events and essentially lipodystrophy was higher in older patients treated with HAART containing protease inhibitors. |
| 439. | HIV/AIDS TRIALS IN ARGENTINA FROM THE REGULATORY STANDPOINT Padovani, A; Saidon, P; Cohen, M; Nudelman, L; Seoane, M Abstract: AIDS/HIV clinical trials are mainly sponsored by international pharmaceutical companies in Argentina and closely monitored by the regulatory authority. These class of clinical trials can be reliably conducted in our country. |
| 440. | STAVUDINE IS NEUROPROTECTIVE: IT PREVENTS NEURONAL LOSS AND ASTROCYTOSIS AND SUPPRESSES VIRAL REPLICATION IN HIV INFECTED HUMAN BRAIN AGGREGATES Kandanearatchi, A Abstract: Stavudine in brain tissue, at levels observed in the CSF and within the IC50 range, prevented HIV associated neuronal loss and astrocytosis, and reduced p24 levels. This demonstrates that stavudine (A) is neuroprotective and will be efficacious in the clinical treatment of HIV associated cognitive impairments; and (B) can suppress viral replication in brain and so potentially prevent systemic reseeding and thus treatment failure. |
| 441. | INCREASED INCIDENCE OF SERIOUS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) SIDE EFFECTS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH EFAVIRENZ (EFV) Boly, L; Cafaro, V; Dyner, T Abstract: Depression in patients with HIV infection is often unrecognized or undertreated. Treatment with agents with antidepressant properties may exacerbate a pre-existing condition, interact with concomitant medications, or produce undesirable CNS side effects. EFV may have an effect on morpholine receptors. Therefore, further investigation into the biochemical effect of EFV on these receptors is warranted. |
| Session 50, Poster: Structured Treatment Interruption Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 442. | SUPERVISED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION (STI) FOLLOWING D4T/DDI/NEVIRAPINE INITIATED WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF HIV SEROCONVERSION. Zala C, Salomón H, Ochoa C, Kijak G, Gun A, Bouzas M, Montaner J, Cahn P Abstract: Thirty seven % of patients who initiated d4T/ddI/NVP within 6 months of seroconversion showed a short-term control of plasma HIV RNA (<5000 copies/mL) following > 1 cycles of supervised treatment interruption. Mutations conferring NNRTI resistance were detected soon after treatment interruption. |
| 443. | STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH HAART Raise E Abstract: The reintroduction of efficient HAART therapy after 4 weeks of interruption shows a viral kinetics similar to the prior and actually it is not associated with the development of resistance. No side effects were shown on the reini |
| 444. | EFFECT OF TEMPORARY TREATMENT INTERRUPTION (TTI) ON SHORT-TERM VIROLOGICAL EFFICACY OF ABT-378/R-CONTAINING SALVAGE REGIMENS Arnaudo I, Audagnotto S, Zeme D, Sinicco A, Bonora S, Raiteri R, Di Perri G Abstract: ABT-378/r determined a remarkable response in the pts investigated. TTI before introducing a salvage therapy with ABT-378/r needs further investigation. |
| 445. | TREATMENT INTERRUPTION IN HEAVILY ANTIRETROVIRAL PRETREATED PATIENTS : CLINICAL AND GENOTYPIC EVOLUTION Amiel C, Schneider V, Mackiewicz N, Delphin N, Dutreuil C, Nicolas J, Rozenbaum W Abstract: In pretreated patients with a profound immune defect, ARV interruption led to rapid occurrence of clinical manifestations; reversion to a sensitive genotype occurred in half of the case but disappeared in half of those as soon as ARV was reintroduced. |
| 446. | NON-STRUCTURE TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS. A PRELIMINAR STUDY Mingrone, H.; La Rosa, S.; Porteiro, N. Abstract: NSTI is a new strategy of intermittent treatment,with different periods of interruption based on virological and immunological criteria. This approach allowed a group of patients interruptions for more than a year. |
| 447. | OBJECT OF THE STUDY: TO EVALUATE IN PATIENTS WHO FAIL A CURRENT REGIMEN WITH A HIGH CD4 COUNT AND THAT DISCOEFFECTS OF DISCONTINUATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH VIROLOGICAL FAILURE AND A CD4 COUNT ABOVE 500 CELLS/ML Mussini, C; Bugarini, R; Perno, C; Antinori, A; Borghi, V; Cossarizza, A; Esposito, R Abstract: This study shows that if antiretroviral therapy is discontinued in patients with virological failure and a high CD4 count in most of them there is a rapid and severe decrease in CD4 count. |
| 448. | STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION: EFFECT ON TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS Wallace, M; Brandt, C; Earhart, K; Utzl, G; Moss, R Abstract: Short term interruptions of ART were associated with significant drops in TG levels. STI strategies may be helpful in diminishing the lipid adnormalities of HIV patients on long term HAART. |
| 449. | CONSEQUENCES OF NONSTRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTIONS (EFAVIRENZ AND INDINAVIR REGIMEN) IN HIV-1 HORIZONTALLY INFECTED CHILDREN Cupsa, A Abstract: Although NSTI lead to virological failure in most cases, the significant immune reconstruction had positive clinical effects. The complex implications of this observation need further long-run evaluation. |
| 450. | TREATMENT INTERRUPTION IN COMBINATION THERAPY WITH HYDROXYUREA (HU) Maidana, M; Rodriguez, C; Vila, J; Roca, F Abstract: The long time treatment interruption with low rate of viral rebound would be possible with the utilization of quantification of DNA proviral and RNA viral in lymphoganglionar tissue and bone marrow. |
| Session 51, Poster: Opportunistic Infections I Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 451. | ANTITUBERCULAR THERAPY DECREASES NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN HIV/TB COINFECTED Wanchu A, Khullar M, Bhatnagar A, Sud A, Bambery P Abstract: NO production is elevated among patients with HIV infection. This is still higher among HIV/TB coinfected, but declines significantly with four weeks of antitubercular therapy. |
| 452. | EVOLUTION OF THE CO-INFECTION OF HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS FROM 1995 TO 2000 Ramos M, Rossi S Abstract: The evolution of the tuberculosis cases was worse among patients with HIV infection. The frequency of treatment abandon was significantly higher among them. Such results alert to the need of paying attention to those patients treatments, and to the need of studying the causes of this occurrences more deeply. |
| 453. | FEASIBILITY OF ISONIAZID PREVENTIVE THERAPY (IPT) OF TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS IN UGANDA Aisu T, Cohn D, Mubiru F, Ssebbanja P, Sawert H, Adatu F, Raviglione M Abstract: The feasibility of starting and completing IPT in DC may be greater for HIV pts in care than those enrolled at VCTs. CXR screening reveals a low percentage of probable TB in largely asymptomatic persons. PT in DC is an important strategy to decrease the incidence of TB in HIV pts, and requires coordination of TB and HIV programs. |
| 454. | TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS (TB-RX) IN HIV PATIENTS WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY ARV THERAPY WITH EFAVIRENZ CONTAINING REGIMEN Pedral-Sampaio D, Reis C, Netto E, Brites C, Badaro R Abstract: Tuberculosis patients HIV co-infected tend to respond well to daily TB-Rx and ARV therapy is better tolerated when initiated at least three weeks later. |
| 455. | MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION, SKIN TEST REACTIVITY AND SUBTYPE C HIV-3 RNA IN ZIMBABWE. Zijenah L, Katzenstein D Abstract: In a community with epidemic TB and HIV infection, HIV+ individuals are more likely to be anergic to PPD skin testing and reactivity is attenuated, suggesting that HIV infection reduces DTH responses to TB. Both active TB and reduced PPD responses are associated with an increased virus load. Among HIV+ subjects, those with anergy to PPD may be more likely to benefit from antiretroviral therapy and/or anti-mycobacterial prophylaxis. |
| 456. | TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS. INFLUENCE OF HAART. Poza G, Ruiperez J, Galera C, Redondo C, Paredes P, Leon L, Garcia M Abstract: The number of cases of TB in HIV-infected patients has decreased in the HAART era.2-The degree of immunodepression,reflected as CD4 count, at the time of TB diagnosis was higher in the pre-HAART period.3- In the pre-HAART era most of HIV patients were asymptomatic before having TB, but in the HAART period half of them had AIDS. |
| 457. | IMPACT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ARV) ON DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS (TB) AND HIV-3 INFECTION. Lourtau L, Duran A, Casanovas R, Toibaro J, Losso M Abstract: These data suggest a protective effect of ARV therapy on mortality in patients with acute TB, even with non-HAART regimens. Data on the use of PIs and NNRTIs regimens compatible with Rifampin are urgently needed. |
| 458. | TUBERCULOSIS IN IMMUNOSSUPRESSED AIDS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY Mallet O'Donnel M, Souza Carvalho S, Jourdan Gadelha A, Gamarsky R, Lourenço C, Cavalcanti Rolla V Abstract: TB in immunossupressed Aids patients seemed more severe and response to regimens without rifampin was poor. |
| 459. | HAART CONCOMITANTLY TO RIFAMPIN TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS AND AIDS: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN RIO DE JANEIRO Trade S. Fernandes G, Souza Carvalho S, H. Moreno A, Gamarsky R, Lourenço M, Camilo Coura L, Cavalcanti Rolla V Abstract: Clinical and laboratory results show a good general response to RS and EFV but attention should be made to the inflammatory reaction that can be very hazardous in some cases. Clinical trials should be performed to better evaluate this association. |
| 460. | SURVIVAL IN TUBERCULOSIS AND AIDS PATIENTS IN RIO DE JANEIRO Souza Carvalho, S; Mallet O'Donnel, M; Horn, C; Gamarsky, R; Lourenço, M; Gadelha, A; Cavalcanti Rolla, V Abstract: In our casuistic the most important predictor of survival after AIDS was the criteria for AIDS based on CD4+ counts and ARV treatment. Survival after TB diagnosis was affected by antiretroviral treatment regimens, which were the most important predictors of survival in our study. |
| 461. | REDUCED RISK OF TUBERCULOSIS (TB) AMONG PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION TREATED WITH HAART IN A BRAZILIAN COHORT. Santoro-Lopes, G; Pinho, A; Harrison, L; Schechter, M Abstract: These results suggest that the use of HAART in areas with a high prevalence of the HIV/M. tuberculosis coinfection may contribute to lower the incidence of TB. |
| 462. | SUCCESFULL CONTROL MEASURES TO PREVENT NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL HANDLING HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS. Laplumé, H; Durante, M; García, L; Monopoli, D; Vazquez, N; Gonda, F; Angulo, M Abstract: No expensive procedures are needed to prevent TB transmission to health care workers. The implementation of administrative controls (CDC guidelines), to ensure dilution ventilation (without negative-pressure isolation, as well as HEPA filtration or ultraviolet air disinfection) and the use of surgical or N95 particulate respirator masks (not the use of HEPA masks), appear to be enough to prevent nosocomial TB. |
| 463. | PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WHO PRESENT WITH NORMAL CHEST RADIOGRAPH AND NEGATIVE SPUTIUM SMEAR Palmieri, F; Girardi, E; Pellicelli, A; Goletti, D; Busi, E; Petrosillo, N; Ippolito, G Abstract: Decreased survival was observed in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary TB and with both negative sputum smear and normal CXR at presentation. This may primarily result from delayed TB diagnosis and initiation of antituberculous therapy. The latter delay may also lead to a faster progression of HIV infection in SS-/CXR- patients, in whom diagnostic oversight may be common. |
| 464. | CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE PAITENTS UNDERGOING TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS (TB) El-Sadr W, Hirsh Y, Colson P, Thomas G Abstract: The HIV- patients are more likely to be employed and foreign-born. HIV+ patients have many barriers to completion of therapy: they are more likely to have a history of homelessness, and report current drug use. However, their knowledge level of TB and HIV is slightly better than the HIV- patients. Programs to promote completion of TB treatment for these two populations must assess patients’ needs and develop appropriate interventions. |
| 465. | FACTORS RELATED WITH THE INCUBATION PERIOD OF TUBERCULOSIS IN AN OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS. Rivero A, Marquez M, Santos J, Palacios R, Samper S, Martin C Abstract: In our study the only factor that conditioned the incubation period for the MDR-M.bovis was the degree of immunodeficiency of the patients at the exposure. |
| 466. | INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HIV-INFECTED OPIATE USERS IN NORTHERN THAILAND Sawanpanyalert, P; Yanai, H; Moolphate, S; Nedsuwan, S Abstract: The risk of active tuberculosis among HIV-positive drug users is quite high and comparable to that among the incarcerated. This highlights the need for intervention to prevent tuberculosis in this population. INH preventive therapy is an effective measure but there is a need for measures to ensure high adherence to the therapy before it can widely recommended for the drug using population. |
| 467. | CONTROLLING TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION USING DOTS STRATEGY IN COMMUNITIES. (A CASE OF KAWEMPE COMMUNITY IN UGANDA). Matovu, S; Chimulwa, T; Ekideit, H; Sebikejje, R; Katamujuna, E Abstract: It was realised that DOTS has several benefits for instance; It cures patients, Prevents new infection, stops development of multi-drug resistant, It is cost effective, protects the workforce, and above all it is community based and well accepted by patients with support of community volunteers. |
| 468. | TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION Kapere, S; Serunkuma, R; Gwokyalya, G; Kiwanuka, W; Kasule, T; Masette, G; Sebikejje, R Abstract: High incidence of TB patients IVDU were the most frequent ones. Pulmonary pathology was the most frequent clinical form High prevalence of positive blood cultures. Mortality increases in patients who have more than one organ involved. High rates of resistance to multiple drugs. The patient´s relapseS was associated to higher mortality. |
| 469. | UTILITY OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF UNEXPLAINED FEVER IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS. Trione, N; Corti, M; Muzzio, E; Castello, T; Cendoya, C; Santoro, J Abstract: We think that BMA is a good and useful diagnostic method in AIDS patients with UF and can provide an aetiologic diagnosis quicker than any other techniques. Often this is the only method which proves a precise diagnosis. |
| 470. | THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL AND ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL TREATMENT ON SURVIVAL TIME OF AIDS PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATING MAC INFECTION. J Barstad, 1) O Øktedalen and 2) PK Opstad Abstract: The study confirms a positive survival effect of antiretroviral and anti-mycobacterial treatment when AIDS patients are infected with complicating MAC infection. Especially triple antiretroviral therapy appears to promote a good prognosis. |
| 471. | PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS Lanjewar, D; Duggal, R; Bhandarkar, L Abstract: Patient profile and risk factors for AIDS in India differ from those reported in industrialized countries. Tuberculosis was the most frequently observed pulmonary infection followed by bacterial pneumonia and CMV pneumonitis. In contrast with reports from industrialized countries pneumocystis carinii continues to be less commonly recognized pulmonary infection in our patients. Awareness of the pattern of infections may be useful in treating persons with AIDS. |
| 472. | SYPHILIS STILL IS A HERALD DISEASE FOR HIV IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY Freire, J; Siqueira, A; Pedral-Sampaio, D; Netto, E; Brites, C; Badaro, R Abstract: VDRL positivity still is a herald sign for HIV infections in developing countries for at least 50% of the patients with dermatological manifestations. ARV therapy does not influence the natural history of syphilis in HIV infected patients. |
| 473. | TREND OF EMERGING CO-INFECTIONS OF SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASES & HIV IN MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN (MSM) IN METRO CITY OF MUMBAI, INDIA. Bamne, A Abstract: 1. Increasing HIV & STI co-infections. 2. Oral & STI infections unnoticed in MSM. |
| 474. | THE EFFECTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON HIV-1 RNA LOADS IN SEMINAL PLASMA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT URETHRITIS. Sadiq, S; Taylor, S; Kaye, S; Bennett, J; Copas, A; Pillay, D; Weller, I Abstract: In patients where PVL was optimally suppressed by ART, the effect of STDs on HIV-1 replication in the genital tract was limited. Where PVL was poorly controlled high SVLs during GU were demonstrated. Treatment of urethritis reduced SVL in only some patients, including one with a multi-drug resistant strain. These findings may be important in the developing world where ART is being introduced and where the prevalence of STDs is high. |
| 475. | BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN DAKAR (SENEGAL) Gaye-Diallo, A; Toure, A; Karam, F; Toure-Kane, N; Diop, H; Ndoye, P; Mboup, S Abstract: In Dakar, BV belongs to the major genital infections and its management must be effective in Gynecologic and Obstetric services and also in National Campaign against AIDS since it eases the transmission of HIV. |
| 476. | BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS, TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS AND HIV IN FEMALE STD CLINIC ATTENDERS IN YAOUNDE-CAMEROON. Awazi, B; Abeti, E; Fomenky, B; Ewane, L; Kenfack, H; Shang, J; Zekeng, L Abstract: BV can be a predisposing factor to the acquisition of HIV in this population. This highlights the importance of STD control in the spread of HIV infection. |
| 477. | SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN HEMOPHILIC PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION. Villafañe, F; Corti, M; Cermelj, M; Candela, M; Pérez Bianco, R; Tezanos Pinto, M Abstract: 1) Immunosupression secondary to HIV infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this complication; 2) Septic arthritis appears to be an increasingly common complication in patients with haemophilia and HIV infection. |
| 478. | A PREDICTION RULE TO DEFINE THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) IN HIV INFECTED SUBJECTS. Carosi, G; Viale, P; Petrosillo, N; Bombana, E; Cadeo, B; Signorini, L; POP-HIV Study Group Abstract: These preliminary data support the possibility to identify at baseline HIV infected patients with CAP who may require hospitalization and/or more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Moreover the definition of criteria of stability can provide evidence-based estimate of optimal length of stay and improve the efficiency of in-patients management. |
| 479. | DOES USE OF HAART AND/OR TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS(TMP-SMS) AFFECT THE RATE OF BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA (BPN) IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN? Schoenbaum, E; Homel, P; Rompalo, A; Flanagan, F; Moskaleva, G; Schuman, P Abstract: Women with HIV have high rates of BPn, particularly those with CD4 counts <200 (21.0/100 py). HAART reduced the risk of BPn, in contrast to TMP-SMS, which offered no protection. Strategies to prevent BPn in persons with advanced HIV may be warranted. |
| 480. | LONG TERM VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICE ASSOCIATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS AMONG HIV-INFECTED OUTPATIENTS Blumberg, H; O'Daniels, C; Larsen, N; Manangan, L; Jarvis, W; Rimland, D; Del Rio, C Abstract: In summary, patients requiring VADs had advanced HIV disease, the rate of VAD-associated BSIs was relatively low but associated with a high mortality. The role of patient literacy as well as risk of infection related to frequency and type of access requires further assessment and additional larger studies. Investigations are also needed to assess the role of nares decolonization in reducing risk of infection given the predominance and severity of VAD-associated S. aureus BSIs. |
| 481. | FILGRASTIM IN HIV PATIENTS WITH BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Tsertsvadze, T; Gochitashvili, N; Stvilia, K; Gabunia, P Abstract: Filgrastim was safe and effective in the treatment of severe bacterial infection or sepsis in HIV patients with or without neutropenia. It may reduce the duration of bacterial infections, hospital days for infections, and days of intravenous antibacterial agents. Filgrastim treatment was also associated in improved neutrophil functional activity. Further studies are required to optimize treatment regimen. |
| Session 52, Poster: Lipodystrophy Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 482. | LIPID PROFILE CHANGES AMONG PATIENTS SWITCHING FROM INDINAVIR (IDV) TO LOPINAVIR/R (LPV/R) Guillemi S, Harris M, McNabb K, Press N, Montessori V, Montaner J Abstract: Switching from IDV 800 mg/RTV 100 mg BID or IDV 800 mg TID to LPV/r overall resulted in non-clinically significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL but a tendency to worsening of triglyceride levels. |
| 483. | BONE LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME Duran A, Ivalo S, Galich A, Sequeira G, Keszberg E, Belloso W, Losso M Abstract: A trend towards osteopenia was observed in our cohort. FN evaluation allowed the detection of greater bone loss in patients with LS. LS evaluations by DEXA should probably include not only whole body composition but also bone mineral density. |
| 484. | SWITCHING PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) TO NEVIRAPINE (NVP) LEADS TO A BETTER LIPID PROFILE THAN SWITCH TO EFAVIRENZ (EFV) Imperiale S, Carlier H Abstract: Substitution of the PI by NVP was associated with reduction in plasma CHO and TG at 6 months. However, no change in lipid profile compared to continued PI treatment was seen following a switch to EFV. This suggests that a switch to NVP but not EFV may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients taking PI-based therapy. |
| 485. | NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)-ASSESSED CHANGES OF LIPID METABOLISM (LM) IN HIV-3 INFECTED PATIENTS (PTS) WITH LIPODYSTROPHY (LPD) AFTER SWITCHING THE PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) BY NEVIRAPINE (NVP). Negredo E, Masana L, Ribalta J, Ferrer R, Salazar J, Ruiz L, Clotet B Abstract: The switch of PI by NVP produces a significant improvement in the LM by reducing the number and lipid content of atherogenic LDL particles and increasing the protective HDL fraction. Although total TG remain unchanged a significant reduction in the VLDL1 fraction also contributes to the reduction of LDL particles. All these changes could be of benefit for reducing the coronary artery disease risk in pts on ARV therapy. |
| 486. | INCIDENCE OF LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME IN 672 HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS MAINTAINING THE INITIAL HIGHLY ANTIRETROVIRAL ACTIVE THERAPY (HAART). Bonjoch A, Torralba M, Montiel P, Pariente S, Paredes R, Carmena J, Clotet B Abstract: All ARV therapies may produce LD. Stavudine and indinavir appear to be correlated with a slightly higher incidence of LD although no statistical significant differences were reached. Time on HAART, hypertriglyceridaemia and hip/waist index are independent factors associated with LD. |
| 487. | INCIDENCE OF LIPODYSTROPHY- ASSOCIATED MORPHOLOGIC AND LIPID ABNORMALITIES AMONG PERSONS USING ANTIRETROVIRALS FOR HIV DISEASE Heath K, Hogg R, Chan K, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner J Abstract: Increased risk of abnormalities is associated with use of PIs, and stavudine treatment after adjustment for personal characteristics, clinical disease stage, duration of infection and treatment history. |
| 488. | BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH NRTI, NON-NRTI, OR PI-BASED THERAPY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE FAT REDISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC SUBSTUDY (FRAMS) OR THE ATLANTIC STUDY Slom T, Weverling G, Katlama C, Gatell J, Reiss P, Lange J, Murphy R Abstract: Preliminary results demonstrate no significant difference in ATR or ACC by treatment group at two years. Clinicians’ reporting of ACC was confirmed by truncal DEXA, but not by abdominal CT scanning. |
| 489. | INCONSISTENT EFFECTS OF LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS (LLD) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HIV-ASSOCIATED HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Visnegarwala F, Maldanado M, Sajja P, Vanek N, Balasubramanyam A, White A Abstract: In management of HIV-hyperlipidemia, LLD were well tolerated, but the overall response was modest and heterogeneous, 1/3rd actually had an increase in CHOL or TRIG on therapy. Only the use of gemfibrozil and not statins was significantly associated with reduction in TRIG and a trend toward reduction in CHOL. |
| 490. | HAART-RELATED LIPID DISTURBANCES: POSSIBLE ROLE OF NON-NUCLEOSIDES García-Benayas T, Blanco F, Gómez JM, Barrios A, De La Cruz J, Soriano V, González-Lahoz J Abstract: In HIV+ subjects with HAART-related dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia is more prevalent than hypertriglyceridemia, and both are present in more than half of patients. No differences between NNRTI and PI-based regimens were found. However, combinations including NRTI plus PI are associated with significantly higher mean cholesterol levels than those including either one PI or one NNRTI alone. This fact may be due to an additive effect of NNRTI over PI on the lipid profile. |
| 491. | REPLACEMENT OF STAVUDINE BY ABACAVIR DOES NOT AMELIORATE LIPOATROPHY IN HAART RECIPIENTS García-Benayas T, Blanco F, Gómez JM, De La Cruz J, Sánchez J, Soriano V, González-Lahoz J Abstract: No apparent benefit was found in lipodystrophy body shape changes after switching d4T to ABC in patients with lipoatrophy. A decline in cholesterol values was observed, as well as a trend towards lower levels of triglycerides and lactate. Larger study populations and longer follow-up are warranted. |
| 492. | LMNA GENE IN PATIENTS WITH HAART-ASSOCIATED PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY (HAPLD) Domingo P, Baiget M, Arroyo J, Seco L, Sambeat M, Domenech M, Vazquez G Abstract: No mutations in the lamin A/C encoding gene neither in the whole Exon 8 have been detected in patients with HAART-associated partial lipodystrophy. |
| 493. | SWITCHING FROM PROTEASE INHIBITORS TO NEVIRAPINE HAS NO EFFECT ON HAART-ASSOCIATED SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOCYTE APOPTOSIS Domingo P, Matias-Guiu X, Pujol R, Francia E, Arroyo J, Sambeat M, Vazquez G Abstract: Subcutaneous adipocyte apoptosis continues to occur in lipoatrophic areas of patients with HAART-associated lipodystrophy despite switching from HIV-1 protease inhibitors to NVP. This finding suggests that such a strategy is useless for reversal of lipoatrophy. |
| 494. | AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL INSIGHT INTO THE PATHOGENESIS STUDY OF HAART-ASSOCIATED PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY Lloreta J, Domingo P, Pujol R, Arroyo J, Sambeat M, Serrano S Abstract: HIV-1 protease inhibitor-associated partial lipodystrophy is probably the result of a combination of apoptosis, defective lipogenesis, and also an increased metabolic activity in many of the fat cells. |
| 495. | LIPODYSTROPHY IN HIV-3 INFECTED SUBJECTS ON PI-BASED HAART IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND BOTH PERIPHERAL AND HEPATIC INSULIN RESISTANCE Van Der Valk M, Bisschop P, Romijn J, Ackermans M, Endert E, Reiss P, Sauerwein H Abstract: HIV-1 infected men with lipodystrophy have increased rates of post-absorptive glucose production. In addition both the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production and to stimulate peripheral glucose uptake and its metabolic pathways is reduced, indicating severe insulin resistance. |
| 496. | NEVIRAPINE-CONTAINING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV-3 INFECTED PATIENTS RESULTS IN AN ANTI-ATHEROGENIC LIPID PROFILE Van Der Valk M, Kastelein J, Murphy R, Katlama C, Horban A, Glesby M, Reiss P Abstract: In HIV-1 infected patients treated with a regimen of stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine we found changes in lipids and lipoproteins which are associated with a sharp decrease in risk for CAD in other settings. |
| 497. | IS SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION PART OF THE LIPODYSTROPHY/METABOLIC DISORDER SYNDROME(S) IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HAART? Guimaraes-Walker A, Frize G, De Sousa C, Scullard G, Lamba P, Goldmeier D, Kapembwa M Abstract: There is a high incidence of sexual dysfunction in both males and females referred to a lipodystrophy/metabolic clinic. A moderate number of males have associated high oestradiol levels, but not abnormal testosterone levels. |
| 498. | PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS REFERRED TO MULTIDISCIPLINARY LIPODYSTROPHY/METABOLIC CLINIC Frize G, Guimaraes-Walker A, De Sousa C, Brain C, Kapembwa M, Scullard G Abstract: High degree of psychological symptoms and concerns over body image and general health are present in these patients. Close follow up by a multidisciplinary team is associated with improvement in all these areas. |
| 499. | EFFICACY OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO PATIENTS REFERRED TO A LIPOSDYSTROPHY/METABOLIC CLINIC Scullard G, Guimares-Walker A, Frize G, Marshall M, De Sousa C, Brain C, Kapembwa M Abstract: A multidisciplinary team approach to address the concerns of patients with lipodystrophy/metabolic disorders appears to rate highly with patients. Intervention in diet, exercise, psychological follow-up and in some cases switching HAART appeared overall to be beneficial in the group and can help with adherence issues. |
| 500. | SURGICAL CORRECTION OF FACIAL LIPOATROPHY IN PATIENTS UNDER HAART. Levan L, Girard Pm, Nguyen T, Adda N, Mazetier L, Rozenbaum W, Mimoun M Abstract: A high rate of improvement of facial atrophy is achieved by surgery. Correction is sustained until at least Month 6. The rates of very good and good results were 74% with pts autoevaluation and 94% according to the experts. |
| 501. | METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES IN MINORITIES ON LONG TERM PROTEASE INHIBITOR COMBINATION THERAPY WITH RITONAVIR: PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY Sherer R, Rajaram V, Max B Abstract: Metabolic abnormalities were common with long term PICT with RTV in minorities. Most are mild to moderate and managable; <10% required therapy. More cohort studies and case-controlled studies are needed to define morphologic abnormalities in minorities on long term dual PI therapy and their relation to metabolic abnormalities. |
| 502. | CHANGES IN BODY HABITUS AND SERUM LIPID ABNORMALITIES IN HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART): A 3.5 YEAR STUDY Carpenter C, Mahajan A, Dispigno M, Bausserman L, Tashima K, Flynn M Abstract: Alterations in fat distribution and serum lipids which occur in women on HAART usually develop within 18 months of HAART initiation. Changes are generally stable during 2.5 additional years. Only modest improvements are achieved with alterations in regimen. |
| 503. | LONG TERM EFFECT OF A TREATMENT-SWITCH STRATEGY IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH PI-INDUCED IPERTRIGLYCERIDAEMIA Maggiolo F, Quinzan G, Gregis G, Callegaro A, Nossa D, Ripamonti D, Suter Abstract: A NNRTI-containing PI-sparing regimen in patients with lypodistrophy and PI-induced metabolic disturbances leads to a significant reduction of triglycerids blood levels reducing the concern about increased risk of vascular complications and pancreatitis. Virological control is unaffected and possibly enhanced by the switch. |
| 504. | INCIDENCE OF MORPHOLOGIC ALTERATIONS (MA) DUE TO ADIPOSE TISSUE ABNORMALITIES ACCORDING TO THE ANTIRETROVIRALS RECEIVED Galli M, Cozzi Lepri A, Ridolfo A, Antonucci G, Alessandrini A, Federico M, D'Arminio Monforte A Abstract: Specific drugs are related to difference incidence of particular MA type, suggesting distinct pathogenetic pathways and degrees of toxicity. |
| 505. | CORRELATION BETWEEN GENDER AND MORPHOLOGIC ALTERATIONS (MA) IN TREATED HIV PATIENTS. Galli M, Veglia F, Angarano G, Cargnel A, Gritti F, Mazzotta F, Lazzarin A Abstract: The independent role of female gender as a risk factor of MA suggests that, beside the direct drug toxicity, an hormonal mechanisms may be involved. Interestingly, conditions characterized by FL without evidence of FA seem to represent a distinct ,gender unrelated, phenomenon. |
| 506. | METABOLIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH COMBIVIR (ZDV/3TC) PLUS NELFINAVIR OR NEVIRAPINE (A SUBSTUDY OF THE COMBINE-STUDY) Fisac C, Virgili N, Ferrer E, Vilarasau C, Pita A, Lacárcel M, Podzamczer D Abstract: Data suggests a trend to a more atherogenic lipid profile in CNf group compared to CNr group, as expressed by a higher HDLc and better HDLc:TC ratio in CNf pts and a trend to a higher LDLc in CNf pts. Treatment led a remarkable proportion of CNf pts (52.9%) to meet intervention criteria LDLc levels. No other anthropometric or metabolic disturbances were observed. |
| 507. | ASSOCIATED FEATURES OF LIPODYSTROPHY MAY CHANGE SIGNIFICANTLY WITH DEFINITION CRITERIA Belloso W, Ivalo S, Perman M, Fainstein P, Galich A, Barcan L, Clara L Abstract: The need for uniform criteria for defining LS is emphasized. Different definition criteria may substantially modify the behavior of all other parameters evaluated. A clarification of the method used for initial discrimination is warranted before making any comparison among groups in LS studies. |
| 508. | LIMITED HYPERLIPIDAEMIA IN PATIENTS RECEIVING A FIVE DRUG COMBINATION INCLUDING RITONAVIR, SAQUINAVIR AND EFAVIRENZ Piketty C, Gonzalez-Canali G, Castiel P, Weiss L, Kazatchkine M Abstract: No significant abnormality was found in total cholesterol plasma level in opposition to previous available reports. Our results indicate that RTV, SQV and efavirenz combination is safe and effective and well tolerated at 48 weeks. A mild increase in serum triglycerides was the only metabolic abnormality observed during this study. |
| 509. | BODY FAT ASSESSMENT BY BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE (BI) AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IN CHILDREN WITH HIV/AIDS ON LONG TERM HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI RETRO VIRAL THERAPY (HAART). Desai N, Mathur M, Mullen P Abstract: BI appears to be a more sensitive indicator of fat accumulation when compared to standard CDC criteria using BMI in our patients. This simple, noninvasive, easily performed test may serve to better predict the risk of lipodystrophy in patients with HIV/AIDS on long term HAART. |
| 510. | APOLIPOPROTEIN CIII AND HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) INDUCED HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA Dupuy A, Badiou S, Baillat V, Fabre J, Tur M, Cristol J, Reynes J Abstract: HAART-induced HTG could be in part linked to an increase in apoCIII levels. Since fibrates decrease apoCIII expression, they appear as an rational strategy to manage HAART-induced HTG. |
| 511. | CORONARY HEART DISEASE ON HIV PROTEASE THERAPY: REPEAT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS Khalsa A, Tarn D, Johnson D Abstract: This report adds to the growing literature of case reports of premature coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia amongst HIV-infected patients on PI therapy (particularly RTV). In addition, we report three cases of repeat MIs, two with stent failures. These finding underscore the need for a large prospective study to evaluate the causality of these associations. |
| 512. | HYPERTENSION IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN: RELATIONSHIP TO HAART IN THE WOMEN'S INTERAGENCY HIV STUDY Khalsa A, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Young M, Anastos K, Greenblatt R, Levine A Abstract: Prolonged HAART use is independently associated with HTN. Future analyses will seek to determine the relationship between HTN and lipodystrophy. |
| 513. | CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PROFILE IN HIV-POSITIVE SUBJECTS WITH HAART-RELATED DYSLIPIDAEMIA Blanco F, García-Benayas T, GÓMez J, Barrios A, Senchordi M, Soriano V, González-Lahoz J Abstract: In HIV+ subjects developing HAART-related dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia is more prevalent than hypertriglyceridemia, and both are present in more than half of patients. Other CV risk factors were common, being the most frequent a family history of CV disease and smoking, followed by overweight and physical inactivity. |
| 514. | HEART INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HIV-1 INFECTION Janousek S, Snopkova S Abstract: There was minimal rate of dilatative cardiomyopathy in our mostly Caucasian population infected with HIV-1 and no cases of infective endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension or clinically significant pericardial effusion. Also no any clinically significant arrhythmias was found during Holter ECG monitoring. Surprisingly the high rate of disturbances of autonomic heart nervous system were recorded. |
| 515. | A PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS (CMIT) IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS Mauss S, Schmutz G, Willers R, Carls H Abstract: From our data HIV-infection itself, but not antiretroviral therapy was associated with higher CIMT. No marked progression of CIMT was noted over 12 months. This suggests that differences in CIMT may only reflect long-term effects. CIMT seems to be no suitable surrogate marker for the assessment of a cardiovascular risk for patients on antiretroviral therapy over a few years. |
| Session 53, Poster: Hyperlactatemia and Other Toxicities Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 516. | CONSISTENTLY HIGH LEVELS OF RANDOM VENOUS LACTIC ACID (RVLA) CORRELATES WITH ARTERIAL LACTATE (AL) IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS ON CHRONIC STAVUDINE THERAPY Zala C, Ochoa C, Tocci M, Quercia R, Federico A, Perez H, Cahn P Abstract: In this cohort, RVLA was consistently elevated in 9% of subjects on chronic stavudine therapy in the context of HAART. RVLA and AL showed a statistically significant correlation. Elevated RVLA was less likely to occur in patients with high CD4 cell count. |
| 517. | SYMPTOMATIC HYPERLACTATEMIA AND LACTIC ACIDOSIS SYNDROME IN HIV PATIENTS TREATED WITH NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS(NRTIS) Galera C, Redondo C, Poza G, Garcia M, Gomez H, Ruiperez J, Soler M Abstract: SHS and LAS are severe adverse effects of NRTIs. The incidence in our serie is higher than reported. PNP was an important associated toxicity. Early diagnosis, treatment interruption and supportive care may improve survival. |
| 518. | BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERLACTATAEMIA IN HIV-1 POSITIVE PATIENTS Datta D, Mandalia S, Morlese J, Moyle G, Asboe D, Gazzard B Abstract: Although it has been suggested that routine measurement of lactate may be unhelpful,hyperlactataemia in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral medication was significantly associated with a number of other biochemical abnormalities including high ALT, glucose and cholesterol levels. Hyperlactataemia was also significantly associated with low chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate levels. No association was found between hyperlactataemia and amylase levels. |
| 519. | HYPERLACTATEMIA DURING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: DOES NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE CHOICE MATTER? Datta D, Morelese J, Moyle G, Asboe D, Matthews G, Mandalia S, Gazzard B Abstract: Asymptomatic rLAC is correlated with other biochemical abnormalities and may therefore have clinical significance. The association with initial therapy may reflect better adherence in these patients. No individual nucleoside analogues are associated with rLAC. The finding of a significant association between the use of efavirenz and LAC>2.5mmol/L in 1st line therapy is unexpected and a case-control study is planned to investigate this further. |
| 520. | FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERLACTATEMIA IN HIV+ PATIENTS UNDER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Blanco F, García-Benayas T, Gómez J, De La Cruz J, Senchordi M, Soriano V, González-Lahoz J Abstract: Hyperlactatemia is a frequent metabolic disturbance among HIV+ patients under antiretroviral treatment, often asymptomatic. Higher values of cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase, lipodystrophy body changes and current exposure to stavudine are independent conditions associated with higher lactate levels. |
| 521. | COMPARISON OF NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NRTI) AND HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) EFFECTS ON METABOLIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS IN AN ADIPOCYTE CELL CULTURE MODEL Parker R, Meyers D, Wang S, Price J, Flint O Abstract: Results indicate that: (a) adipocyte function is inhibited by d4T and other NRTIs only at levels ~10-30 times the plasma Cmax in patients; (b) NRTIs exhibit similar profiles in adipocytes suggesting a class-effect; (c) irreversible mitochondrial damage by NRTIs does not occur under these conditions in adipocytes; (d) PIs appear to be more potent and less reversible than NRTIs as inhibitors of adipogenesis. The data do not support the current hypothesis of NRTI-induced irreversible mitochondrial toxicity in adipocytes. |
| 522. | NRTI THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DEPLETION, INCREASED MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND SUBCUTANEOUS FAT WASTING IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS Nolan D, Hammond E, Martin A, Latham B, Metcalf C, John M, Mallal S Abstract: NRTI therapy is associated with mtDNA depletion, increased mitochondrial proliferation and fat wasting. NRTI-induced mtDNA depletion in fat may stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis as is seen in congenital mitochondrial diseases. |
| 523. | CLINICAL FEATURES IN HIV PATIENTS MANIFESTING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE OF MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY: A CASE SERIES Zell S Abstract: In patients receiving chronic NA therapy, mitochondrial toxicity may manifest as non-specific symptoms with modest levels of hyperlactatemia. Notable metabolic changes in lipid metabolism may occur abruptly increasing triglyceride levels resulting in fatty infiltration of the liver with moderate increases in aminotransferase levels. In such a setting, hepatic ultrasonography showing diffuse fatty infiltration may serve as surrogate marker of mitochondrial damage as muscle biopsy with EM analysis may not be practical due to cost, delay in results and its invasive nature. |
| 524. | CHRONIC DIARRHEA (CD) IN HIV PATIENTS. THE IMPACT OF HAART Olmos, M; Molina, C; Piskorz, E; Magnanini, F; Concetti, H; Perez, H; Cahn, P Abstract: In our hospital HAART was associated with a significant decrease in frequency of chronic diarrhea in HIV pts referred to the GI ward. A trend showing an increase in the proportion of diarrhea without positive microbiologic diagnosis was observed, while opportunistic infections decreased, although this difference was not statistically significant. |
| 525. | SAFETY OF KALETRA(TM): RESULTS FROM PHASE II AND III CLINICAL TRIALS Bernstein, B; Moseley, J; King, M; Potthoff, A; Sullivan, M; Brun, S; Sun, E Abstract: Clinical trials demonstrate that Kaletra is well tolerated, as shown by the low rate of study drug-related DC. AE incidence rates are similar to or lower than those of other PIs; AE rarely resulted in drug interruption or discontinuation. |
| 526. | ETHNIC AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NNRTI) INDUCED RASH. Mazhude, C; Jones, S; Taylor, C Abstract: The 7% incidence of rash in those starting NVP falls within ranges described previously. Female gender is strongly associated higher risk for NVP induced rash. This data does not suggest a difference in the risk of NVP rash on the basis of black/white ethnicity. |
| 527. | RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO ABACAVIR: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 25 CLINICAL TRIALS. Hetherington, S; Cutrell, A; Edwards, M; Spreen, W; Steel, H Abstract: The overall risk was 3.7%. Prior therapy and African ethnicity were associated with a reduced risk of HSR. Concurrent use of NNRTIs had no influence on HSR rate. |
| 528. | GYNECOMASTIA IN 11 MALE PATIENTS DURING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Allegranzi, B; Mazzi, R; Gatti, F; Del Bravo, P; Carolo, G; Concia, E Abstract: After excluding other causes, gynecomastia seemed to be due to HAART in 8 of our patients. In our cases it occurred during treatment with any PI, not only with indinavir. The mechanism and etiology of this phenomenon must be further explained, but we suggest that it could be related to PI interference with cytochrome P450 pathway which is also implied in sexual hormons metabolism. |
| 529. | GYNECOMASTIA: A NEW ADVERSE EFFECT OF EFAVIRENZ Guiard-Schmid, J; Sene, D; Slama, L; Pialoux, G; Lebrette, M; Amiel, C; Rozenbaum, W Abstract: Gynecomastia should be considered as a low-incidence EFV adverse-effect (1.5 /100 patient-years). Gynecomastia may occur at any stage of HIV infection, after a wide variety of HAART duration and may be transitory. No abnormality of hormonal dosages were found. |
| 530. | SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION (SD) IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS. Jáuregui Rueda, H; Balbarinsky, J; Monticelli, A Abstract: 1- SD is a frequent and important problem in HIV positive patients,as one of every three patients has SD.2-Significance between male and female incidence is negligible. 3- The most frequent manifestations in males are ED and DL, while the most frequent in females is DL. 4- Relationship: HIV diagnosis, AIDS vs non-AIDS and antiretroviral treatment analyses were performed using an ANOVA statistical method.Within these groups,only the HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment groups showed significance (p< 0.05) while the AIDS and non-AIDS groups did not. |
| 531. | AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE HIP IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION RECEIVING ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT. Valencia, E; Moreno, V; Polo, R; Blanco, F; Soriano, V; González, Lahoz, J Abstract: Avascular necrosis of femoral head may produce pain of the hip in patients with HIV infection being multifactorial its etiology. It was bilateral and the evolution was unfavourable in the five cases. |
| 532. | CHANGING MORBIDITY OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES IN HIV PATIENTS AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) INCLUDING A PROTEASE INHIBITOR Stagno, A; Calista, D; Brighi, S; Boschini, A Abstract: The group of patients that received combination regimens including PIs had significantly lower cutaneous morbidity than those treated with analogue nucleosides alone. This tendency regarded both opportunistic infections and degenerative cutaneous diseases. Adverse cutaneous drug reactions related to combination therapy were significantly higher. |
| 533. | ADVERSE EFFECTS (AE) ASSOCIATED TO ANTIRETROVIRAL (ARV) THERAPY Chuluyan, J; Vivian, M; Guaragna, G; Palacios, L; Casiro, A Abstract: Likewise, the growing frequency of metabolic alterations, make joint evaluation with Endocrinologists and Nutririonists necessary for their study and treatment, and even a change of the ARV regimen if necessary. |
| 534. | ACUTE ONSET LACTIC ACIDOSIS AND PANCREATITIS IN THE THIRD TRIMETER OF PREGNANCY AS A RESULT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL MEDICATION Sarner, L; Fakoya, A Abstract: Studies show that late pregnancy may be associated with low riboflavin levels. This in combination with mitochondrial toxicity may precipitate sudden onset severe lactic acidosis. Heightened awareness of this adverse reaction in pregnancy and further evaluation of risk factors and screening tools is required. |
| 535. | DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROBIOTICS, SOLUBLE FIBER AND L-GLUTAMINE (GLN) REDUCES DIARRHEA IN HIV+ MEN RECEIVING NELFINAVIR (NFV). Heiser, C; French, N; Gordon, P; Russert, M; Martin, R; Kelliher, G Abstract: Probiotics, soluble fiber and GLN significantly reduce diarrhea for subjects receiving NFV. Improvement was also seen in subjects who were not controlling diarrhea with LOP alone. Dietary methods to treat HIV diarrhea are effective and clinically significant. |
| 536. | L-GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES NELFINAVIR (NFV)-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. Huffman, F; Walgren, M Abstract: In subjects with NFV-associated diarrhea, 30 grams of L-glutamine administered 3X/day over a ten day period significantly improved diarrheal severity and QOL scores. |
| 537. | RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DISCONTINUATION OF EFAVIRENZ (EFV) DUE TO ADVERSE EFFECTS (AES) Shafran, S; Lefebvre, E; Baril, J; Cornelson, B; Walmsley, S; Fong, I Abstract: Patients who started EFV more recently discontinued EFV for AEs less frequently than those who initiated EFV in 1998, the initial year of its availability. This difference may be due to greater physician experience with the use of EFV after the first year. Gender, baseline virologic status, prior ARV therapy, and prior history of mental illness or substance abuse were not associated with discontinuation of EFV due to AEs. |
| Session 54, Poster: Viral Hepatitis and Drug-RelatedHepatotoxicity Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 538. | SHORT TERM CD4 T CELL RESPONSE TO HAART IN HIV/HCV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS DOES NOT DIFFER FROM HIV/HCV NEGATIVE PATIENTS. Zala, C; Patterson, P; Ochoa, C; Krolewiecki, A; Federico, A; Perez, H; Cahn, P Abstract: These results suggest that short term CD4 T cell response to HAART is not significantly different between HCV positive and HCV negative patients who started therapy in the context of controlled clinical trials. |
| 539. | DANGEROUS OVERSIGHTS: A COMPARISON OF HCV-RNA TESTING VS. HCV-ANTIBODY TESTING AMONG HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS Braitstein, P; Galli, R; Yip, B; Mo, T; O'Shaughnessy, M; Hogg, R; Montaner, J Abstract: Our data suggest that a small but significant proportion of HIV-infected individuals may be HCV infected despite having a negative antibody test. |
| 540. | HEPATIC DISORDERS IN A COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Wnuk, A; Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M; Bander, D; Boron-Kaczmarska, A Abstract: 1. High rate of hepatic disorders, mainly asymptomatic, was observed among HIV-infected cohort. 2. The coinfection with hepatotropic viruses (HBV, HCV) is most important agent of liver damage in HIV-positive patients. |
| 541. | COMBINATION THERAPY WITH INTERFERON-ALFA2B (IFN) AND RIBAVIRIN (RBV) FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C (CH) IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Barrasa M, Santos I, Sanz J Abstract: Our results show that therapy with IFN and RBV is effective in 45% of the cases in clearing serum HCV RNA. There were no interferences in surrogate markers of HIV infection, even in those with AZT and D4T. In most of the cases AE were of no importance. |
| 542. | HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEPATIC AND PANCREATIC DISEASE AMONG USERS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE U.S. Cali C, Duh M, Ho V, Shea K, Lanes S, Walker A Abstract: Baseline hepatic or pancreatic disease and advanced stage of HIV infection were highly predictive of serious liver and pancreas outcomes. The risk of hospitalization for these diseases did not appear to be related to ART. |
| 543. | CO INFECTION OF HIV AND HEPATITIS IN DRUG USERS: IMPACT ON HAART TREATMENT DECISIONS Castillo G, Miguez M, Lecusay R, Campa A, Rodriguez A, Shor-Posner G Abstract: These data suggest that HIV+ drug users co-infected with hepatitis C, are particularly vulnerable to hepatic toxicity and exhibit a poor virological response to treatment. Optimal treatment in this group may require further research. |
| 544. | CORRELATION BETWEEN ETHNICITY/ALT AND DEGREE OF BIOPSY PROVEN LIVER DAMAGE IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED ADULTS Hoffman-Terry M Abstract: HIV/HCV coinfected Latinos of Puerto Rican ancestry tended to have less advanced liver disease by biopsy. The majority of patients with normal ALTs had abnormal biopsies. Normality of ALT did not relate to degree of immunosuppression as assessed by CD4. More studies to delineate the sub-groups at greatest risk for liver disease are urgently needed as coinfection becomes a leading cause of morbidity/mortality. |
| 545. | PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HCV COINFECTION IN A COMMUNITY-BASED HIV CLINICAL TRIALS GROUP. Tedaldi E, Huppler Hullsiek K, Malvestutto C, Arduino R, Fisher E, Gaglio P, Jenny Avital E Abstract: HIV/HCV coinfection is prevalent in this nationwide, community-based HIV trials cohort and is associated with certain demographic characteristics but independent of HIV RNA level or CD4+ count. While most coinfected patients reported IDU, a considerable proportion reported no HCV risks, indicating the need to identify/assess other risk behaviors in HIV+ cohorts. |
| 546. | HEPATITIS A VIRUS SEROPREVALENCE IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN VALENCIA (SPAIN): IS A SYSTEMATIC HAV VACCINATION IN SPANISH HIV INFECTED PATIENTS JUSTIFIED? Ortega E, Abril V, Marcaide G, González B, Ballester E, García Deltoro M, Herrera A Abstract: Due to the high prevalence of protective antibodies against HAV in HIV infected patients the risk of HAV-infection becomes minimal and vaccination against HAV should be selectively realized in non-protected patients. |
| 547. | MORTALITY ASSOCIATED TO HCV RELATED CHRONIC HEPATIC FAILURE IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS Ortega E, Abril V, Herrera A, Martín A, Ballester E, García-Deltoro M, González B Abstract: The mortality for chronic hepatic failure supposes an important growing impact, like cause of hospital mortality in the HIV infected patients in HAART era. |
| 548. | PREVALENCE OF CO-INFECTION WITH HEPATITIS B (HBV) AND C (HCV) IN HIV POSITIVE (+) PATIENTS OF AN AMBULATORY SETTING IN BUENOS AIRES CITY Vujacich C, Laurido M, Pascual A, Laham F, Vanzulli C, Cassetti I, Stamboulian D Abstract: 1) The prevalence of HVC co-infection in HIV+ pts directly depends on the behavior at risk for HIV acquisition, with a prevalence close to 80% in IVDU and significantly lower rates in other groups. 2) Prevalence of HBV in men was higher than in women (p<0.001). |
| 549. | HCV CO-INFECTION IN 379 CHINESE HIV-3 INFECTIONS Yin N, Mei S, Zhou Z, Lu W, He Y, Cao Y Abstract: We found that the major subtype of HCV were HCV-1;3;4 in injection drug users (in Yunnan and Xinjiang province) and HCV-1?2 in blood transfusion recipients (in Henan province). Conclusions: The incidence of HCV confections was higher-than-expected in Chinese HIV-1 infectious. The study of the association of the molecular epidemiology between HIV-1 and HCV in China is underway. |
| 550. | LACK OF INFLUENCE OF INTERFERON ALPHA PLUS RIBAVIRINE THERAPY ON FREQUENCIES OF HCV SPECIFIC CD4 T CELL RESPONSES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS. Alatrakchi N, Di Martino V, Thibault V, Benhamou Y, Katlama C, Poynard T, Autran B Abstract: 1) HCV-specific immune responses might be more prone to tissue compartmentalization than the HIV-specific ones, 2) The immune defects induced by the HIV-infection might be not responsible for the low level of HCV-specific responses observed in progressors of the HIV-infection, 3) Preliminary results show a lack of influence of IFN-alpha and ribavirine therapy on the frequencies of HCV and HIV specific CD4 T-cell responses after 6 months of treatment. |
| 551. | SAFETY OF INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C Pérez-Olmeda M, García-Samaniego J, Asensi V, Sánchez-Montero M, Blanch J, Ochoa A, Soriano V Abstract: The combination of IFN+RBV is relatively well tolerated in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. The rate of treatment discontinuation (14%) is similar to that seen in HIV-negative individuals, and no unexpected side effects were noticed at least during the first 3 months on therapy. |
| 552. | FLARE-UPS IN LIVER ENZYMES ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS Pérez-Olmeda M, Rodríguez-Rosado R, Soriano V, Martín-Carbonero L, Núñez M, García-Samaniego J, González-Lahoz J Abstract: Liver damage associated with HBV infection in HIV+ subjects can be related to multiple mechanisms. Development of 3TC resistance, immune restoration syndrome, and unexplained reappearance of HBV replication in patients with markers of past HBV infection should be specially kept in mind. |
| 553. | LIMITATIONS OF RIBAVIRIN - IFNα THERAPY ON HIV/HCV COINFECTION : POOR TOLERANCE AND GENOTYPE-RELATED RESPONSE Chadapaud S, Poggi C, Chapel F, Guerder A, Hittinger G, Lafeuillade A Abstract: Among HIV/HCV coinfected pts, the combination of IFN a and Ribavirin is not as well tolerated as previously described and efficacy is clearly genotype-dependant even if immunological and virological status for HIV is correct. |
| 554. | INTERFERON-ALPHA AND RIBAVIRIN THERAPY FOR HEPATITIS C IN HIV-COINFECTED PATIENTS Rockstroh J, Mannah M, Klausen G, Dupke S, Stein L, Notheis G, Mauss S Abstract: After 24 weeks of IFN/RBV treatment 30% of the patients showed virological response (HCV-RNA < limit of detection). Drop out-rate was high with 58% after 24 week. |
| 555. | RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, CONTROLLED TRIAL OF INTERFERON A-2B/RIBAVIRIN COMBINATION THERAPY IN HCV/HIV CO-INFECTED PERSONS Kostman J, Rodriguez-Torres M, Prokupek D, Brau N, Bonacini M, Hassanein T, Smith J, Giffen G, Frost K Abstract: In HIV co-infection, R/IFN combination therapy is more effective than IFN at reducing HCV-RNA below limit of detection during first 12 weeks of treatment. R/IFN appeared relatively safe when compared to IFN alone in persons with HIV. Biopsy appears necessary to adequately assess the degree of hepatic damage in co-infected individuals. |
| 556. | HAART AND THE LIVER: THE CHANGING SPECTRUM OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY Borderi M, Verucchi G, Attard L, Marinacci G, Spinosa S, Beltrami C, Chiodo F Abstract: HAART decreased AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, but meanwhile increased recognition of the seriousness of HCV co-infection, drug hepatotoxicity, and hepatitis related to immune reconstitution. |
| 557. | EFFECTS OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI)-CONTAINING HAART ON METABOLIC PARAMETERS AND LIVER FUNCTION TESTS (LFTS) IN PATIENTS CO-INFECTED WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) Greiger-Zanlungo, P; Blick, G; Sharfuddin, M Abstract: PI-HAART can be used safely in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. RIT/SAQ and RIT caused the greatest elevations in TG and CHOL, while APV and NFV caused the least increases in LFTs and metabolic parameters in co-infected individuals. |
558. | RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE LIVER TOXICITY FOLLOWING THE INTRODUCTION OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) Lana, R; Mendoza, J; Nunez, M; Martin-Carbonero, L; Soriano, V; Gonzalez-Lahoz, J Abstract: Nearly 10% of subjects who start HAART experience severe liver toxicity, irrespective of the treatment modality. Avoidance of alcohol abuse, especially in subjects coinfected with hepatitis C virus, will reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity after beginning HAART. When possible, treatment of chronic hepatitis C should be considered before initiating HAART. |
| Session 55, Poster: Resistance Tuesday, July 10th |
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| 559. | HIV-1 GENETIC DIVERSITY IS A MAJOR OBSTACLE FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL-DRUG RESISTANCE HYBRIDIZATION-BASED ASSAYS Kijak, G; Carobene, M; Rubio, A; Salomon, H Abstract: A polymorphism at codon 72 of HIV-1 RT which is associated with highly prevalent F1/B subtype recombinant forms circulating in Argentina prevents the hybridization with probes for codon 74 in the LiPA test, demonstrating that the genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major obstacle for ARV-drug resistance hybridization-based assays. |
560. | ENHANCED PHENOTYPIC DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSAY FOR HIV-1 SUBTYPES: A, B, C, D, F, AND G. Paxinos, E; Werhane, H; Whitcomb, J; Petropoulos, C Abstract: The enhanced assay is capable of testing a broader spectrum of HIV-1 subtypes (A, B, C, D, F and G) with improved sensitivity (125 copies/mL vs. 500 copies/mL) compared to the first generation PhenoSense HIV assay. Further experiments are underway to determine the lower limit of detection of the enhanced PhenoSense HIV assay. |
| 561. | GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS FROM BRAZIL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DRUG RESISTANCE Mercado, J; Ramos, H; Di Dio, R; Pradal, M Abstract: Because some point mutation can lead to marked reductions in drug susceptibility, the impact of viral variability of HIV-1 subtypes would be important for clinical management. |
562. | GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE ANALYSIS OF B AND NON-B HIV-1 SUBTYPES FOUND IN A BRAZILIAN SURVEY OF INFECTED CHILDREN FAILING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Brindeiro, P; Brindeiro, R; Mortensen, C; Cobo, E; Rubini, N; De Sá, C; Tanuri, A Abstract: The frequencies of each primary mutation found in B and non-B subtypes could not evidence any significant difference related to drug resistance genotype between those two groups (Fisher's exact test: P=0.633, 0.823 and 0.928, repectively for PI, NNRTI and NRTI resistance mutations), although some mutations could only be found in one of the groups, such as D30N, K103N and G190A (subtype B group) and P236L (non-B subtype group). |
| 563. | RAPID ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE TO PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN HIV-1 GROUP O CARRIERS Rodes, B; Poveda, E; Martinez, M; Soriano, V Abstract: Results showed a 10-fold increase resistance to Indinavir and a 22-fold increase resistance to Saquinavir in the sample collected after long exposure to IDV, SQV and other PIs, while was absent at baseline. Genetic analysis revealed several amino acid changes (L10V, G48M, F53L, I54V and L90M) in the former specimen. All these mutations have been described to confer resistance to PIs in HIV-1 subtype B. This is a promising approach to assess phenotypic resistance to PI in HIV variants other than group M. |
564. | DETECTION OF RT MUTATIONS IN MT-2 COCULTURES OF HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS WITH POTENT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Martinez, G; Campelo, C; Merchan, A; Gonzalo, I; Gomez, D; Sarria, L; Cisterna, R Abstract: In spite of low RNA levels and negative p24 antigen in plasma which would indicate a good response to HAART, the presence of viral strains with mutations as in RNA as in DNA together with the positive MT2 p24 antigen and the manteinance of this mutations in the MT2 genome suggest that the infective capacity and the presence of resistance mutations persist in these patients. |
| 565. | A SIMPLE AND RAPID DOT-BLOT HYBRIDIZATION METHOD FOR DETECTION OF MUTATIONS IN THE PROTEASE GENE IN HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS Martinez, G; Merchan, A; Saria, L; Llavori, M; Cisterna, R Abstract: This method seems to be a rapid and simple method for detecting at the same time not only the main primary and secondary mutations located in a specific codon but as well the polymorphisms included in the same positions. |
566. | DISTINCT MUTATIONAL DRUG RESISTANCE PROFILES OF HIV-1 RNA IN PLASMA SAMPLES COMPARED WITH CULTURE ISOLATE IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Debiaggi, M; Bruno, R; Sacchi, P; Zocchetti, C; Ciappina, V; Filice, G Abstract: Our results indicate that in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, a frequent selection for subpopulations of HIV-1 variants after culture adaptation occurs leading to distinct mutational drug resistance profiles of predominant viral quasispecies in plasma compared with culture isolate. In the context of this study thus emphasize both the importance of viral preparation to perform genotypic and phenotypic assays and the need for clinical use of recombinant virus assays that avoid extensive cocultivation and lowers the potential for selection of minority viral species. |
| 567. | REPLICATIVE FITNESS OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR-RESISTANT HIV-1 VARIANTS IS DIRECTLY INFLUENCED BY DRUG PRESSURE Klimkait, T; Brennan, C; Jörg, C; Schaub, G; Suñé, C Abstract: Our findings suggest that the application of drug pressure during the assessment of viral resistance and fitness may have important implications for clinical diagnostic use. A predictive protocol for the examination of the replicative capacity of clinically relevant, drug-selected HIV-1 mutants should consider a role of the relevant drug in the test itself. |
568. | EMERGENCE OF DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS AT NON-DETECTABLE VIRAL LOAD (>50 COPIES HIV-1 RNA/ML) AND FOLLOWED THROUGH IN BREAKTHROUGH SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS ON TRIPLE COMBINATION THERAPY. Fay, F; Campodonico, M; Bortolozzi, R; Benetti, S; Fay, O; Hoo, B; Elbeik, T Abstract: Two patterns of resistance mutations were noted: 1. Newly emerging resistant mutations from samples <50 cpm and subsequent breakthrough samples, 2. Mutations present at baseline were detected throughout the course of treatment. These data suggest adequate HIV-1 replication at a viral load of <50 cpm to generate resistant mutations and support previous findings of persistent drug mutation through the course of treatment. |
| 569. | STABILITY OF HIV-1 RNA IN PLASMA AND WHOLE BLOOD SPECIMENS FOR GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE TESTING Ruiz, L; Ferrer, E; Negredo, E; Martinez-Picado, J; Puig, T; Tural, C; Sirera, G Abstract: The different separation and storage conditions tested in our laboratory do not appear to have an important effect on drug-resistance genotypic analyses results. Our data are favorable for those centers without many logistic facilities. In addition, these results could save cost with respect to the transport' s conditions required. |
570. | AZT PRESSURE ACCELERATES THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE M184V MUTATION Diallo, K; Goette, M; Brenner, B; Oliviera, B; Moisi, D Abstract: Our data demonstrate that AZT can accelerate the reversion of the M184V mutation before any amino acid substitution associated with resistance to AZT appears. The diminished ability of M184V mutation to rescue AZT-terminated DNA synthesis (Gotte et al, J. Virol., 2000 Apr; 74(8):3579-85.) provides a possible mechanism for this observation." |
| 571. | CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF THE M230L MUTATION IN THE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE GENE IN PATIENTS RESCUED WITH A REGIMEN INCLUDING NNRTIS. Antela, A; Casado, J; Moreno, A; Dronda, F; Perez-Elias, M; Moreno, S Abstract: Prevalence of the M230L mutation in clinical isolates of patients failing to a NNRTI-containing regimen is very low (4%). It is frequently accompanied by other major mutations associated with NNRTIs failure and it does not always confers by itself resistance to all NNRTIs. |
572. | CLINICAL OUTCOME IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS HARBOURING MULTINUCLEOSIDE-RESISTANT GENOTYPES (Q151M, 67/69 INSERTS) Gallego, O; Ruiz, L; Vallejo, A; Clotet, B; Leal, M; Soriano, V Abstract: The prevalence of MNR genotypes (Q151M and 67/69 inserts) is low (3%) among pre-treated HIV-infected patients in Spain. In all subjects experiencing a favorable virological and clinical outcome, the rescue regimen was based on potent PI combinations. Therefore, the expected poor prognosis of subjects harboring MNR viruses may be overcome using rescue interventions based on potent PIs. |
| 573. | PREVALENCE OF MULTINUCLEOSIDE-RESISTANT HIV-1 IN AN ARGENTINEAN POPULATION WITH TREATMENT FAILURE: DETECTION OF NOVEL INSERTION VARIANTS IN THE ß3-ß4 HAIRPIN LOOP OF REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE. Deluchi, G; Coviello, S; Illescas, E; Pereda, G; Petroni, A; Benetucci, J; Garberi, J Abstract: A global MNR prevalence of 7% in the population studied emphasize the need of genotyping studies for HIV-1 patient management. The new insertions described here, in addition to the 20 insertion-variants described to date, contributes to support the existence of a global mechanism conferring MNR and involving variable aa-insertions in the 68-70 codon region of RT. |
574. | REAL - VS - VIRTUAL PHENOTYPE: 16 WEEK RESULTS OF A MULTICENTRE RANDOMISED TRIAL (THE GENPHEREX STUDY) Mazzotta, F; Lo Caputo, S; Scudeller, L; Torti, C; Castelli, F; Carosi, G; Genpherex Group Abstract: r-pht and v-pht performed equally at 16 w in determining viro-immunological outcome in this cohort of heavily pre-treated patients, where few treatment options were available. In our heavily pre-treated patients CD4 increase was achieved even if HIV-RNA undetectability was reached in a minority of cases. |
| 575. | PHENOTYPIC CROSS-RESISTANCE TO AMPRENAVIR IN HIV ISOLATED FROM HEAVILY PRETREATED PATIENTS (THE GENPHEREX STUDY). LO Caputo, S; Gianotti, N; Tomasoni, L; Buccoliero, G; Ladisa, N; Tinelli, C; Pierotti, P Abstract: Phenotypic cross-resistance to APV was a lesser problem than that to other PIs even in our cohort of heavily pre-treated patients. APV could be an alternative class-option when PI-cross resistance is an issue. |
576. | ULTIMATE CLINICAL IMPACT OF VIRUS SEQUENCING IN HIV PATIENTS Bruzzone, B; Murdaca, G; Gota, F; Argentiere, A; Marasso, P; Manchinu, L; Setti, M Abstract: While positive results from naïve patients were expected and not very different from those obtained in untested subjects in our experience, the 48% overall responders among the pretreated-failed group are particularly encouraging in performing sequencing in these patients, confirming with raw, all variable-inclusive and on the field-produced figures the outcome anticipated by guide-lines, even beyond expectance. |
| 577. | THE UTILITY OF HIV-1 GENOTYPE ANTIRETROVIRAL RESISTANCE TESTING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE Chang, L; Folch, E; Lennox, J; Fiebelkorn, K; Hardy, H; Caliendo, A; Del Rio, C Abstract: In a large urban clinic in the Southeastern (SE) USA, resistance mutations are common among patients with detectable HIV-1 RNA while on antiretroviral therapy. Analysis of the impact of resistance testing on treatment decisions and virologic outcomes and predictors of the clinical utility of resistance testing are underway. |
578. | THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR RESISTANCE IN CLADE C HIV-1: ROLE OF BASELINE DRUG SUSCEPTIBILTY Grossman, Z; Paxinos, E; Maayan, S; Shahar, E; Mileguir, F; Petropoulos, C; Schapiro, J Abstract: Amino acid substitutions/polymorphisms that occur naturally in clade C HIV-1 may impact initial PI efficacy leading to the emergence of drug resistance mutations associated with treatment failure. Not all PIs may be equally affected. Larger studies, clinical correlates, pharmacokinetics and additional phenotyping are needed before definitive clinical ramifications can be appreciated. |
| 579. | REPRODUCIBILITY OF A GENOTYPIC ASSAY FOR DETERMINING ANITRETROVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS Galli, R; Sattha, B; Wynhoven, B; O'Shaughnessy, M; Montaner, J; Harrigan, R Abstract: These results suggest that PR and RT sequencing of plasma HIV-1 is highly reproducible between sequencing batches. The fact that most differences were the result of mixtures and the low prevalence of amino acid discordances at key locations confirms that sequence-based genotyping can be a reliable and reproducible tool for monitoring HIV drug resistance. |
580. | A COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF VIRTUAL PHENOTYPES' (VIRCO) VS. VIRTUAL PHENOTYPES' PLUS PHENOTYPE RESISTANCE TESTING IN SALVAGE THERAPY. Tesiorowski, A; Harris, M; Wood, R; Singer, J; O'Shaughnessy, M; Harrigan, R; Montaner, J Abstract: In a setting where multiple Virtual Phenotypes'are available, additional information obtained from baseline phenotypic testing did not substantially affect the complexity, tolerability or efficacy of MDRT regimens. The widespread use of boosted PI regimens in this study probably affected this outcome. |
| 581. | PERSISTENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT HIV-1 WITH DIMINISHED FITNESS ACQUIRED IN PRIMARY INFECTION Brenner, B; Petrella, M; Spira, B; Routy, J; Wainberg, M Abstract: In contrast to that observed in chronic HIV infection, MDR viruses transmitted in PHI appear to persist despite impaired fitness. Characterization of MDR following PHI may therefore be an important factor to consider when planning future antiretroviral treatment strategies. |
582. | VIRAL EVOLUTION IN UNTREATED PATIENTS WHO ACQUIRED DRUG RESISTANT HIV-1 DURING PRIMARY INFECTION Routy, J; Brenner, B; Salomon, H; Spira, B; Junod, P; Sekaly, R; Wainberg, M Abstract: Unlike that observed in the long-term treatment and vertical transmission settings, DR viruses transmitted in primary HIV-1 infection persist over one year as dominant quasispecies. As such, drug resistance testing within the first year of infection may be of great benefit to assist in the selection of optimal combination drug therapy regimens. |
| 583. | PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANT HIV-1 VARIANTS IN THE MONTREAL PHI COHORT Spira B, Brenner B, Petrella M, Moisi D, Routy J, Wainberg M Abstract: Overall, we have observed a 23% prevalence of drug resistant mutations in our cohort. Interestingly, 74% of cases harbored viruses multiply resistant to one or more classes of ART. These findings, together with our other results showing persistence of MDR infections following primary infection, support a wider role for genotypic surveillance in these patients. |
584. | ANTIRETROVIRAL RESISTANCE IN HIV NAÏVE PATIENTS IN VALENCIAN COUNTRY (SPAIN) Ortega, E; Abril, V; Segarra, P; Ballester, J; García-Deltoro, M; Herrera, A; Recova Study Team Abstract: We have found a hight rate of genotypic mutations in HIV naïve population in our Country, higher than other studies carried in Spain: The concordance with phenotypic analysis was very low. |
| 585. | HIV DRUG RESISTANCE IN A CORRECTIONAL CARE (PRISON) SETTING O'Brien, W; Borucki, M; Atkinson, T; Lorenzo, T; Han, X; Pollard, R; Lloyd, R Abstract: Mutations associated with ZDV and 3TC were common, but those previously associated with d4T and ddl were not. The higher prevalence of certain resistance mutations in the correctional system and evidence for transmission of resistant virus suggests that resistance testing may help to improve selection of antiretroviral drugs in inmates. The demonstration of superinfection with multi-drug resistant HIV suggest that baseline resistance testing in some populations prior to therapy may be warranted. |
586. | LOW PREVALENCE OF KEY RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN UNDER-REPRESENTED AND INCARCERATED, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY NAÏVE, HIV-1 INFECTED ADULTS IN NORTH AMERICA. McClernon, D; Danehower, S; Thompson, M; Fischl, M; Hessenthaler, S; St. Clair, M; Hernandez, J Abstract: Primary mutations associated with NRTI, NNRTI, or PI resistance (4.7%, 1.3%, or 5.6% of subjects, respectively), were uncommon in ART-naïve adults in both groups at BL. The value of baseline genotyping in these populations warrants further study. ART-naïve subjects, from the referenced populations, are likely to exhibit a good virologic response to triple combination therapy. |
| 587. | LOW PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE FOUND IN INCARCERATED, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) NAÏVE, HIV-1 INFECTED ADULTS. Hernandez, J; Fischl, M; Kirkland, L; Tashima, K; Paar, D; Gensler, T; Mcclernon, D Abstract: Decreased phenotypic susceptibility, was rare at baseline in HIV-1 isolates from ART- naïve incarcerated adults in the US. It was also rare in VF after triple nucleoside therapy. The value of phenotypic testing in these circumstances warrants further study. |
588. | COMPARISON OF DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY IN HIV-1 FROM ANTIRETROVIRAL (ART) EXPERIENCED SUBJECTS AS ASSESSED BY THE ANTIVIROGRAM(™) AND PHENOSENSE(™) ASSAYS Hernandez, J; Ross, L; Henry, K; Scarcella, A; Raffanti, S; Shalit, P; Fisher, R Abstract: The majority of susceptibility results reported were concordant for both assays. For the discordant results, many were close to the assay cut-off levels. With increasing use of phenotypic testing there is a need to determine clinically relevant cut-offs for each drug. |
| 589. | INCREASED PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN CHRONICALLY INFECTED HIV INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN ST. LOUIS. Ristig, M; Kennedy, M; Tebas, P; Mondy, K; Powderly, W; Dwidar, M; Arens, M Abstract: The prevalence of drug resistant mutations in chronically infected HIV individuals in the St. Louis metropolitan area was greater than expected and appears to be increasing. This increased frequency could affect response rate to primary treatment and needs to be considered in the design of antiretroviral studies. Each community should monitor the prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance. At least in St. Louis, we would recommend drug resistance testing of all chronically infected HIV individuals before starting therapy. |
590. | PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV-1 ISOLATES FROM UGANDAN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Richard, N; Juntilla, M; Mugyenyi, P; Kityo, C; Arts, E Abstract: Mutations within the PR and RT coding regions are selected in Ugandans infected with non-subtype B isolates of HIV-1, following treatment with antiretrovirals. To date we have not observed a subtype-specificity for the emergence of specific drug resistance mutations. |
| 591. | REVALENCE OF RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS IN NAÏVE HIV PATIENTS ASSESSED BY VIRUS SEQUENCING Setti, M; Bruzzone, B; De Florentis, D; Durando, P; Fulgheri, M; Morelli, P; Icardi, G Abstract: All these are minor mutations linked to multiple PI resistance, however, their massive presence in our naïve patients supports the hypothesis that they may represent a virus polymorphism, with poor or null impact on treatment. |
592. | NRTI CROSS RESISTANCE PATTERNS AND CORRELATIONS IN HIV-1 Whitcomb, J; Maranta, M; Parkin, N; Hellmann, N; Petropoulos, C Abstract: In the absence of the M184V mutation, strong correlations in susceptibility exist between all NRTIs. Thus, a reduction in susceptibility to any one NRTI likely translates into reductions in susceptibility to all drugs within this class. These observations are consistent with clinical studies demonstrating limited efficacy of NRTI salvage regimens following first line NRTI failure. |
| 593. | SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO D4T PREDICT VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO D4T MONOTHERAPY AFTER AZT TREATMENT Shulman, N; Whitcomb, J; Winters, M; Shafer, R; Zolopa, A; Hughes, M; Katzenstein, D Abstract: Response to d4T after AZT treatment was associated with lower fold-changes in susceptibilities than non-responders. Small decreases in D4T susceptibility were associated with non-response. Baseline phenotype and genotype were predictive of virologic response. |
594. | GENETIC CORRELATES OF PHENOTYPIC HYPERSUSCEPTIBILITY TO EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IN HIGHLY NUCLEOSIDE-EXPERIENCED SUBJECTS IN ACTG 364 Katzenstein, D; Shulman, N; Bosch, R; Liou, S; Whitcomb, J; Hellmann, N; Albrecht, M Abstract: NNRTI HS was present in 37% of isolates and correlated with ZDV phenotypic resistance, a history of ZDV use, and the presence of specific mutations selected by nRTIs. While the clinical significance of HS is uncertain, continued use of nRTI drugs to maintain HS in salvage regimens utilizing EFV is a treatment strategy that warrants evaluation. |
| 595. | DETAILED ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOSIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND FITNESS OF A AZT/3TC - DUALLY RESISTANT ISOLATE OF HIV-1 Lu, J Abstract: These results indicate the complex relation between drug resistance and fitness in isolates selected by RT inhibitors therapy in vivo. |
596. | VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO NELFINAVIR-CONTAINING REGIMENS : INDIVIDUAL PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS (PK) AND DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS. Pellegrin, I; Breilh, D; Garrigue, I; Morlat, P; Trelezinski, A; Saux, M; Pellegrin, J Abstract: D30N and L90M were the most common PR mutations associated with VF. NFV Cmin was an independant factor associated with VS whatever bid or tid NFV regimen. |
| 597. | HIGH RT RESISTANCE IN THAI PATIENTS TREATED WITH DOUBLE NUCLEOSIDES. Sirivichayakul, S; Phanuphak, P; Ruxrungtham, K; Kroon, E; Ubolyam, S; Lange, J; Cooper, D Abstract: ddI monotherapy and suboptimal dose of d4T in combination with ddI may lead to rapid development of ddI and d4T resistance as well as TAM and MDR. |
598. | PREVALENCE OF HIV-1 RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT FAILURE: AN OVERVIEW OF OUR EXPERIENCE MADE IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA. Pereda, G; Coviello, S; Deluchi, G; Petroni, A; Serebrinsky, G; Benetucci, J; Garberi, J Abstract: The overall prevalences of RAMs to antiretroviral drugs in patients with TF implies that genotypic analysis should be included for HIV clinical management. This test must be perform while patient is under treatment. An integral analysis on the PR mutation patterns rather than additive inferences would yield a better interpretation of the genotypic test. |
| 599. | LONG TERM IMPACT OF DRUG RESISTANCE TESTING ON HIV VIRAL LOAD AND CD4 RESPONSE Gazzard, B; Pozniak, A; Peeters, M; Larder, B; Hertogs, K; Graham, N Abstract: The results of this study indicate that the virtual phenotype and phenotype are highly predictive of long-term response to treatment.This provides further support for the utility of these tests as tools to assist treatment decision-making. |
600. | USEFULNESS OF GENOTYPE TESTING IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH THERAPEUTIC FAILURE. Sanchez-Palomino, S; Garcia, J; Torralba, M; Zurita, S; Rubio, R; Noriega, A; Alcami, J Abstract: To characterize the genotypic resistance of HIV-infected patients in different situations of therapeutic failure and to assess the impact of this information in patient’s management as compared to empirical treatment decisions. |
| 601. | GENOTYPIC PREDICTORS OF EFAVIRENZ HYPERSUSCEPTIBLITY AND CLINICAL RESPONSE TO EFAVIRENZ IN PATIENTS WITH EFAVIRENZ HYPERSUSCEPTIBLITY Keiser, P; Evans, L; Haubrich, R; O'Brien, W; Skiest, D Abstract: HS occurred in 44% of subjects and is associated with the sum of the number of mutations at M41L, T69D and T215F/Y. HS subjects were treated with fewer sensitive agents and had a rapid time to treatment failure. Potential benefits of HSR may be outweighed by accumulation of resistance to nucleosides in highly experienced patients. |
602. | RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN PATIENTS EXPERIENCING EARLY FAILURE WITH NELFINVIR (NFV)-CONTAINING TRIPLE COMBINATIONS Nunez, M; De Mendoza, C; Casas, E; Lopez-Calvo, S; Rubio, A; Berenguer, J; Soriano, V Abstract: In the majority of patients failing their first PI-based triple regimen containing NFV, resistance mutations associated to NFV were not identified, and other causes of treatment failure should be ruled out. The D30N genotype was recognized in all cases of resistance, which allows salvage therapy with other PIs. This observation favors the use of NFV as first PI. |
| 603. | DRUG RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS EXPERIENCING VIROLOGICAL FAILURE UNDER THE FIRST PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMEN Marques, R; Gomes, H; Araujo, F; Abreu, R; Abreu, C; Nogueira, J; Mota Miranda, A Abstract: Drug-resistant genotypes were identified in 78% (18/23) of these antiretroviral naïve patients failing a first line combination therapy; NRTI resistance was predominant. The early recognition and resistance testing of compliant patients with virological failure might allow a selective drug substitution, before the emergence of further mutations. |
604. | LACK OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE IN NONRESPONDERS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY WITH POOR ADHERENCE Howard, A; Arnsten, J; Gardner, L; Rich, J; Schuman, P; Mckenna, P; Schoenbaum, E Abstract: Phenotypic resistance was present at baseline and follow-up in >50% of subjects who did not respond to ARV therapy. Sustained low levels of adherence were not associated with worsening of phenotypic resistance, likely due to a lack of sufficient selective pressure. |
| 605. | GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) AND PLASMA COMPARTMENTS IN ANTIRETROVIRAL EXPERIENCED PATIENTS Tashima, K Abstract: The presence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in the CSF but not in plasma may result from inadequate drug exposure in the central nervous system. This is the first report of a NNRTI resistance mutation (K103N) being found in the CSF and is of particular concern for patients taking NNRTI based regimens. Discordant CSF and plasma resistance patterns may limit future antiretroviral regimens. |
606. | PREVALENCE OF MUTATIONS TO REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ENZYME IN A ZIDOVUDINE-NAÏVE PATIENT POPULATION EXPERIENCING VIROLOGICAL FAILURE Lefebvre, E; Thomas, R; Machouf, N; Lapointe, J Abstract: As previously documented, the use of stavudine in zidovudine-naïve patients as part of a failing antiretroviral regimen can often lead to the emergence of RT mutations confering eventual resistance to zidovudine. In light of the low interpretations of resistance to stavudine to explain these virological failures, one might question just how much multi-nucleoside resistance is needed to decrease in vivo stavudine susceptibility. |
| 607. | IMPACT OF HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE-RELATED GENOTYPIC MUTATIONS AND ADHERENCE TO THERAPY IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH HAART TREATMENT FAILURE Palmisano, L; Forcina, G; Galluzzo, C; Sarmati, L; Andreoni, M; Vullo, V; Vella, S Abstract: Genotypic resistances to PRO and RT genes were found in the majority of HAART-failure patients despite a good self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Adequate adherence to therapy alone is not a key factor to obtain viral suppression. |
608. | PREVALENCE OF PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE TO AMPRENAVIR IN PI EXPERIENCED PATIENTS: DATA OF CNAB3008 Bruno, R; Sacchi, P; Panebianco, R; Gatti, A; Filice, G Abstract: These data indicate that amprenavir maintains its activity also against multi-resistant viral strains. On this basis, Amprenavir seems to be a good option in salvage therapy. |
| 609. | DYNAMICS OF HIV REPLICATION IN T LYMPHOCYTES Bermejo, M; Sanchez-Palomino, S; Usan, L; Alcami, J Abstract: We have developed an "in vitro" system that allows the study of HIV replication dynamics at cellular level. Our results correlate with the models of viral replication kinetics described in HIV-infected patients. Due to the fast kinetics of viral replication from proviral latency, the efficacy of protease inhibitors is tightly dependent on the maintenance of therapeutic levels throughout time. |
610. | HIV-1 QUASISPECIES DIVERSITY AND HAART OUTCOME Morris, M; Hanson, C; Hendry, R; Israelski, D; Zolopa, A; Katzenstein, D Abstract: The t test and Spearman rank correlation were used in statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in env genetic diversity between treatment successes and failures pre-HAART. However, those subjects most heterogeneous at env were among the treatment successes, and five subjects completely homogeneous at env (as compared to a clonal env control), failed HAART. In addition, there was no correlation between HIV-1 directed humoral immune responses and env heterogeneity. We believe that a strong humoral immune response is an important contributor to viral load suppression on HAART, though further studies are necessary to test the relationship between quasispecies diversity, humoral immune responses and HAART. |
| 611. | INFLUENCE OF THE ANTIGEN AND THE ASSAY ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CTL RESPONSES TO HIV-1 Iglesias, E; Samri, A; Debré, P; Autran, B Abstract: Results of HIV-specific CTL evaluations are influenced by the nature of antigens and assays used with a higher sensitivity of peptide than rVV and of ELISPOT over memory CTL assays. |
612. | ALTERATIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT, IN VITRO, OF CELLS FROM THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HIV INFECTION. Benetucci, J; Barragan, S; Gamboni, M; Sapia, S; Galeano, A; Cañizal, A Abstract: The desregularization in the initial stages of the differenciation cells is larger in untreated patients. The persistence of immature myeloid cells show an interruption in maturity. The recovery of mature myeloid cells has an upward trend in group 3. |
| 613. | CROSS-CLADE CD8+ T CELL RESPONSES IN THAI HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Hansasuta, P; Buranapraditkul, S; Hanke, T; Phanuphak, P; Mcmichael, A; Ruxrungtham, K; Rowland-Jones, S Abstract: HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in clade E infected donors commonly recognise clade B epitope, and epitopes within the MVA construct, which has positive implications for the development of universally protective vaccine. |
614. | MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SECRETE INCREASED LEVELS OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 Liuzzi, G; D'Agostino, C; Forcina, G; D'Ettorre, G; Mastroianni, C; Riccio, P; Vullo, V Abstract: These data indicate that circulating mononuclear cells from HIV-positive patients secrete elevated levels of MMP-9 which may contribute to increased localization of HIV-infected PBMC in tissues. Moreover, antiretroviral treatment could affect MMP-9 release from HIV+ mononuclear cells. Grant n. 30C.43 from the ISS, Rome, Italy. |
| 615. | ALTERED LOCALISATION OF NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS WHICH LACK PERFORIN EXPRESSION IN HIV-INFECTED GUT ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (GALT) Quigley, M; Andersson, J; Anton, P; Elliot, J; Poles, M Abstract: The NK cell population of the GALT displays a selective recruitment to the crypt epithelial lining. In addition, they may have ineffective cytotoxic effector function. They deserve to be phenotyped and their functional role in HIV infection elucidated. They may represent an important immunomodulatory target for HIV drug intervention. |
616. | CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION FAILURE AND SELECTIVE IL-2 PRODUCTION DEFECT IN CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES FROM HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Sieg, S; Bazdar, D; Lederman, M Abstract: 1. Patient T cell proliferation failure is associated with impaired D-type cyclin expression despite activation, suggesting cell cycle arrest in early G1 phase. 2. Selective defects in IL-2 production may be related to proliferation failure since IL-2 is important for progression into S phase. 3. Interferon gamma production by CD4+ T cells does not predict "normal" T cell function in HIV disease. |
| 617. | HIV-1 CLADE C-INFECTED AFRICAN CHILDREN AND ADULTS EXPRESS GAG, NEF, TAT AND REV SPECIFIC CTL ACTIVITY BY ELISPOT AND INTRACELLULAR GAMMA-INTERFERON PRODUCTION ASSAYS. Govender, U; Jeena, P; Annamalai, K; Mngqundaniso, N; Coovadia, H; Goulder, P Abstract: This approach will help to define new CTL epitopes that may play an important role when designing vaccines for specific populations. |
618. | MUCOSAL HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN HIV-1 EXPOSED UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS Devito, C; Broliden, K; Kaul, R; Svensson, L; Johansen, K; Plummer, F; Clerici, M Abstract: The finding that IgA from exposed uninfected individuals can neutralize and inhibit the virus transcytosis through a polarized epithelial cell layer together with other data showing that IgA from HEPS are specific for HIV-1 envelope proteins may contribute to the design of a future mucosal vaccine. |
| 619. | QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CD38 EXPRESSION ON CD8 CELLS IN HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS Benito, J; López, M; Soriano, V; González-Lahoz, J Abstract: Levels of CD38 on CD8 cells are increased in chronic HIV-1 infection and are strongly correlated with VL. This parameter normalizes under HAART, still decreasing over time when plasma VL is undetectable. This suggests that CD38 may be a marker of residual active virus replication. Wether the assesment of CD38 may help to predict which patients on succesful HAART are more prone to virological failure needs to be further examined. This work was supported in part by a grant from FIPSE. |
620. | RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS AND PROGRESSION TO AIDS AND DEATH IN HAEMOPHILIC MEN CO-INFECTED WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS Sabin, C; Griffioen, A; Yee, T; Emery, V; Herrero-Martinez, E; Phillips, A; Lee, C Abstract: Low albumin levels are significantly associated with progression to AIDS and mortality in both the long- and short-term, independently of the CD4 count and HIV RNA level. The reason for this is unclear, although it is unlikely to reflect HCV infection, as albumin was not associated with liver-related deaths. |
| 621. | NEUTROPHIL DYSFUNCTIONS IN HIV INFECTION Cheillan, D; Livrozet, J; Jeanblanc, F; Jourdain, J; Makhloufi, D; Poitevin-Later, F; Touraine-Moulin, F Abstract: We observed significative alterations of blood neutrophils during HIV disease. These impairments affected the adhesion molecules and the oxidative burst. Moreover, there may be a relation between CD11b expresssion and NNA treatment. These findings may suggest a participation of neutrophils in the physiopathology of the drug side effects. |
622. | SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCIES BETWEEN CD4+ T CELL COUNT BETWEEN TWO SINGLE-PLATFORM CYTOMETRY METHODS Bustos, D; Barcala, V; Goldaracena, M; Belloso, W; Ascione, A Abstract: Although with less variability than predicate method, single-platform cytometry may vary substantially according to the cytometer used. These variations could potentially have important clinical implications in HIV patient treatment and follow-up. Larger scale comparative studies between single-platform cytometry methods are warranted. |
| 623. | IMMUNE RESPONSES TO FOUR YEARS OF POTENT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) IN HIV-1 INFECTED SUBJECTS WHO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN UNDETECTABLE HIV RNA. Bloch, M; Kaufmann, G; Finlayson, R; Zaunders, J; Austin, D; Cooper, D Abstract: CD4 T-lymphocyte count almost doubled after 4 years potent ART in HIV-1infected subjects achieving undetectable HIV RNA, with greatest increase in CD4 T-lymphocyte in first year of therapy. Degree of CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery is strongly associated with degree of HIV-1 related immunodeficiency, suggesting that delaying initiation of ART beyond CD4 T-lymphocyte count of 350 cells/uL will result in poorer immume restoration. |
624. | ONE YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF LYMPHOCYTE PHENOTYPE IN HIV-1 INFECTIOUS TREATED WITH HAART IN CHINA Gao, M; Li, L; Mei, S; Yunzen, C Abstract: A fall in CD4 count was acompaned by a CD8 T-cell and a total lymphocyte count decrease in high baseline CD4 cases following HAART. These results indicated that not only the viral failure, but there might be other complex events related in T lymphocyte subset alteration in higher baseline CD4 cases. This is the first study to monitor the T lymphocyte subsets in HIV infectious on HAART in China. |
| 625. | EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT HAART REGIMENS (PI VERSUS NNRTI) ON CELLULAR ACTIVATION AND APOPTOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Martín, J; Benito, J; López, M; Martínez, P; Soriano, V; González-Lahoz, J Abstract: There were no significant differences in the proportion of activation and apoptosis markers when comparing subjects receiving PI- versus NNRTI-triple combinations. The degree of normalization obtained in these parameters with both modalities of HAART was similar. |
626. | DIAGNOSIS OF T CELL IMMUNITY: VIRUS-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES (VIR) ASSAY Lisziewicz, J; Xu, J; Whitman, L; Lori, F Abstract: VIR is advantageous over other tests because it 1. relies on the function of both T cells and APC; 2. analyzes subtypes of HIV-specific T cells; 3. is not dependent on HLA or peptides; 4. is simple. The VIR assay, performed in parallel with the CD4 T cell counts, could become a new diagnostic tool in the management of STI, therapeutic vaccinations, and immunomodulatory therapies. |
| 627. | DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMOKINE/CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENETIC VARIATION ON HIV DISEASE PROGRESSION IN A WELL-DEFINED COHORT OF HIV-1 SEROCONVERTERS Stewart, G; Clegg, A; Badhwar, P; Mallal, S; Moore, C; Williamson, P Abstract: The influence of CCR5 promoter region genetic variation warrants further investigation. A haplotype analysis provides a valuable approach. |
628. | THE CCR2-64I, AND NOT THE CCR5 (32, CCR5-59029 AND SDF1-3’A GENE VARIANTS, IS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY HIV-1 DISEASE STAGE IN CHRONICALLY INFECTED AFRICAN CHILDREN. Chetty, P; Jeena, P; Ludewig, H; Kuhn, L; Govender, U; Coovadia, H; Annamalai, K Abstract: The presence of chemokine gene variants is not generally associated with HIV disease stage in pediatric African HIV-1 positive patients. However patients expressing the CCR2-64I variant are more likely to progress at a slower rate than wild type individuals as indicated by the higher prevalence of these mutations in the combined CDC groups, N and A. |
| 629. | PATTERN OF CYTOKINES IN PARAGUAYAN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HIV-1 Cabello, A; Arce, M; Cabral, M; Jimenez, R; Vera, E; Pelaez, R; Aguayo, N Abstract: Since parasitic infections meanly helminth infection are endemic in our country and could contributes to accelerate the progression to AIDS in HIV-positive patients by increasing type 2 cytokines,it is important to evaluate these pathologies in our patients in order to prevent these rapid progression. |
630. | INTERLEUKIN (IL)-7 MEDIATES THE PRODUCTIVE INFECTION OF CD45RA+CD45RO- NAÏVE T CELLS Landay, A; Steffens, C; Al-Harthi, L Abstract: This data indicates that IL-7 pre-treatment mediates the productive infection of naïve T cells, which may contribute to the reproted inverse relationship between serum IL-7 levels and CD4 counts. |
| 631. | PLASMA LEVELS OF INTERLEUKIN-7 DURING HIV INFECTION: CORRELATION WITH VIROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO TREATMENT Forcina, G; D'Ettorre, G; D'Agostino, C; Coletta, S; Carnevalini, M; Mastroianni, C; Vullo, V Abstract: These data suggest that IL-7 may play a role in the immune reconstitution of T-cells during HIV infection, especially in the context of HAART. In addition, IL-7 may have a potential role in modulating multiple pathways of T-cell homeostasis after T-cell depletion. |
632. | LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF SDF-1 AND IL-7 IN HIV-1 INDIVIDUALS. MARKERS OF THE EMERGENCE OF HIV-1 SYNCYTIUM INDUCING PHENOTYPE Llano, A; Gutierrez, A; Clotet, B; Este, J Abstract: We conclude that baseline SDF-1 in plasma could serve as a marker for the individual’s predisposition for the emergence of SI variants. High expression of SDF-1 explains why SI variants do not appear in some individuals while the evaluation of IL-7 could determine when the SI variants will appear in those HIV+ individuals that progress to AIDS. |
| 633. | DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-15 AND INTERLEUKIN-2 ON HIV-1 REPLICATION D'Ettorre, G; Forcina, G; Dell'Isola, S; Santopadre, P; Scorzolini, L; Mastroianni, C; Vullo, V Abstract: These results suggest that IL-15 had no major effect on HIV replication in vitro, while only simultaneous administration with IL-2 may induce high levels of p24 antigen production. |
634. | CYTOKINE MODULATION OF HIV RECOVERY FROM NON-STIMULATED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL (PBMC) CULTURES OF HIV+ PATIENTS RECEIVING HAART FOR MORE THAN ONE YEAR Belmonte, L; Baré, P; Corti, M; Villafañe, M; Tezanos Pinto, M; Bracco, M; Ruibal Ares, B Abstract: These results demonstrate that cytokines have opposing effects on HIV recovery from M/M of patients who have received successful HAART for prolonged periods, and suggest that the response of M/M should be evaluated in treatment protocols that include cytokines in addition to HAART. |
| 635. | INTERLEUKIN-2 IS A POOR INDUCESOF HIV TRANSCRIPTION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYPHOCYTE Pedraza, M; Rullas, J; Martin-Serrano, J; Beltran, M; Alcami, J Abstract: IL2 was a poor inducer of HIV reactivation from the state of proviral latency despite the induction of robust lymphocyte proliferation in culture. These results suggest that in T-lymphocytes different activation pathways are involved in cell proliferation and induction of HIV transcription. |
636. | INTRACELLULAR CYTOKINES EXPRESSION ON CERVICAL LESIONS FROM HIV-1 AND HPV INFECTED WOMEN Nicol, A; Fernandes, A; Grinsztejn, B; Russomano, F; Camargo, M; Martinez-Maza, O; Bonecini-Almeida, M Abstract: These data suggest and corroborate with our previous in vitro work showing high levels of IL-6 in HPV infection and that HIV infection may abrogate IL-6 expression by infected cells. Degree of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was not correlated with cytokine secretion in neither groups. |
| 637. | DEFECTS IN IL-8 AND C5A INDUCED POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELL FUNCTION IN A GROUP OF HIV-1 VERTICALLY INFECTED CHILDREN. Meddows-Taylor, S; Kuhn, L; Meyers, T; Sherman, G; Tiemessen, C Abstract: Inefficient agonist-induced degranulation may contribute to the increased susceptibility of HIV-infected children to secondary microbial infections. |
638. | ALTERED EXPRESSION OF CD88 AND ASSOCIATED IMPAIRMENT OF C5A-INDUCED NEUTROPHIL RESPONSES IN HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS Tiemessen, C; Meddows-Taylor, S; Pendle, S Abstract: These differences may contribute to the increased susceptibility of HIV-1 infected individuals to secondary microbial infections. |
| 639. | EVALUATION OF THE X4/R5 RATIO IS A SENSITIVE SURROGATE MARKER OF LONG-TERM IMMUNOVIROLOGIC EFFICACY OF HAART IN EARLY INFECTION. Parisi, S; Biasin, M; Sarmati, L; Concia, E; Andreoni, M; Clerici, M Abstract: A tight correlation is detected between immunovirologic improvement under HAART and a down modulation of the X4/R5 ratio (preliminary data suggested that increased IFNg production might be responsible for an augmented expression of R5). The decrease in X4/R5 ratio continues over time in aviremic patients and could hence be a powerful and extremely sensitive indicator of the immunovirologic success of therapy. |
640. | COEXPRESSION OF FAS ANTIGEN AND CD28 COSTIMULATORY SIGNAL ON CD4 T CELLS REGULATE RECALL ANTIGEN RESPONSE IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Nokta, M; Li, X; Nichols, J; Pollard, R Abstract: CD28 expression on CD4 T cells is down regulated in HIV infected subjects. The recall Ag CMV specific response is strongly associated with CD28 expression on the CD4 T cells subset that is CD95-. Moreover CD95 expression on CD28+ CD4+ T cells appears to inhibit CD4 mediated T cell helper function. |
| 641. | EFFECT OF HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITORS ON APOPTOSIS PATHWAY: INTERACTION WITH CELLULAR PROTEASE-SYSTEMS Lichtner, M; Mengoni, F; Massetti, A; Corpolongo, A; Mastroianni, C; Ghibelli, L; Vullo, V; Andreotti, M Abstract: These data confirm the antiapoptotic effect of HIV-1 PI, but no interaction with main caspases studied was found. However, a similar apoptosis reduction rate was seen in cells treated with both PI and calpain inhibitor, suggesting a possible implication of calpain system as potential target of PI. |
642. | IN VITRO T-CELL PROLIFERATION, IL-15 PRODUCTION, AND VIRUS ISOLATION IN PATIENTS WITH DISCREPANT VIROLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE TO HAART D'Ettorre, G; Andreotti, M; Sarmati, L; Mastroianni, C; Vullo, V; Vella, S; Andreoni, M Abstract: In patients with immunologic response, but elevated VL levels after HAART, T-cell proliferation and IL-15 production were comparable to patients with long term virologic and immunologic response. In most discordant patients there was no virus isolation from plasma, despite high levels of VL. |
| 643. | DENDRITIC CELL NUMBERS AND FUNCTION IN AN HIV-1 INFECTED UGANDAN POPULATION. Jones, G; Amjadi, P; Watera, C; Kaleebu, P; Whitworth, J; Gotch, F; Gilmour, J Abstract: There is a significant reduction in the percentage of blood DC in Ugandan HIV-1 seropositive individuals. Loss of both CD11c+ and CD11c- blood DC may lead not only to an overall reduction in the initiation of T-cell activation, but also to a decrease in IFN-α mediated viral suppression. We have shown that it is possible to generate monocyte derived DC from HIV-1 infected Ugandan individuals that retain their ability to mature, produce cytokines and induce proliferation of allogeneic T-cells. These data are encouraging with regards to the development of DC based immunotherapy strategies to treat HIV-1 infection in a setting where drug therapy may be unavailable. |
644. | MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX (MAC) IMMUNE RESTORATION DISEASE FOLLOWING HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART). Babinchak, T; Desimone, J; Pomerantz, R Abstract: Only after significant improvement in their CD4 lymphocyte count did our patients develop symptomatic disease. Further complicating these cases were the remarkably atypical presentations of this common infection. These immune restoration disorders must be distinguished from opportunistic infection treatment failure or an adverse reaction to medications. |
| 645. | IMMUNE RESTORATION IN HIV+ NAÏVE PATIENTS AFTER ONE YEAR OF COMBIVIR PLUS NELFINAVIR OR NEVIRAPINE (SUBSTUDY OF THE COMBINE STUDY). Plana M, Ferrer E, Martínez C, Podzamczer D, García F, Miró J Abstract: Our data indicate that immune restoration achieved after one year of therapy with either CNf or CNr was similar. This reinforces the role of nevirapine-containing regimens as a valid option for initiating antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, additional therapeutic approaches should be envisaged to restore HIV-1-specific T cell responses. |
646. | DESPITE HAART A HIGHER RISK OF DEATH OCCURS WITH LOSS OF T CELL HOMEOSTASIS Tsoukas, C Abstract: In late stage HIV disease (CD4 count<50 cells/mm³) the majority of patients treated with HAART failed to either achieve or sustain virologic suppression. Although both groups did not differ significantly in initial VL and CD4 count, patients with loss of T-cell homeostasis at baseline had a significant cumulative risk of treatment failure and death. It remains to be determined if these losses were influenced by direct HIV infection and depletion of CD8 cells. |
| 647. | IMMUNO PROLYPHERATIVE RESPONSE TO PNEUMOCYSTIS ANTIGENS DURING HAART Cargnel, A; Atzori, C; Fantoni, G; Valerio, A Abstract: Highly purified trophozoites seem adeguate as PcAg to be used for in vitro IP. Despite CD>250, immunoreconstitution was not achieved in HAART pts who developed PCP. An IP test with Pc Ag could be considered for doubtful situations (i.e. pts with low nadir) for a safer decision of discontinuing prophylaxis. In our study, 25 percentile of median IP to PcAg in asymptomatic HIV pts is proposed as cut-off value to screen among immunoreconstituted pts those at risk of developing PCP altough CD>200 Grant 50C.2 |
648. | DIFFERENT DEGREE OF IMMUNE RECOVERY IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMENS CONTAINING PI OR NNRTI. Barreiro P, Casas E, Soriano V, González-Lahoz J Abstract: A dramatic increase in CD4+ cells occurs shortly after beginning antiretroviral therapy, using either PI or NNRTI. Late increases in CD4+ counts, mostly due to newly produced cells, are more pronounced among subjects experiencing a good virological response under PI than using NNRTI. An specific inhibition of apoptotic phenomena by PI might explain this observation. |
| 649. | IMMUNE RECOVERY AFTER HAART AND LONG TERM CLINICAL BENEFIT IN ADVANCED HIV-1 INFECTION Arici C, Ripamonti D, Maggiolo F, Rizzi M, Finazzi M, Ravasio V, Suter F Abstract: Sixty-eight per cent of our pts achieved IR. This event may occur even after 2 years from starting the first PI-regimen. IR was associated with sex (female) and baseline CD4 count >50 cells/mmc. Although the pts who achieved IR had a stronger CB than pts who didn’t, also the last ones experienced a significant reduction in both mortality and morbidity. CB may occur, at least temporary, also in pts with advanced HIV disease on HAART, despite an unsatisfactory IR. |
650. | TRUE GYNAECOMASTIA, ANOTHER IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION DISEASE? Qazi N, Morlese J, King M, Ahmad R, Gazzard B, Nelson M Abstract: Gynaecomastia is associated with a decreased ratio of free androgens to oestrogens. However, in this study the endocrine profile of all patients was normal. After commencement of HAART there is improvement in the T-helper cell cytokine response, specifically an increased IL-2 production which has been shown to increase breast tissue proliferation in vitro. Also IL-6 has been shown to increase aromatase activity in breast tissue with a consequent increase in oestrogen available to stimulate breast growth. As all these patients were on successful HAART regimens we hypothesise that successful immune restoration may result in altered breast tissue oestrogen availability and hence gynaecomastia. |
| 651. | UNUSUAL MANIFESTATIONS OF IMMUNE RESTORATION DISEASE AFTER INITIATION OF HAART Gilmore, J; Norris, A; Maniglia, R; Mounzer, K; Ondercin, J; Schmidt, E; Kostman, J Abstract: Unusual inflammatory reactions may occur after the initiation of HAART. Thorough histologic and microbiologic evaluation is needed to establish a specific diagnosis. |
652. | CONTINUED 5-YEAR INCREASE IN CD4+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS IN RESPONSE TO POTENT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN A COHORT OF ADVANCED HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS DISCONTINUING THERAPY FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS (CMVR) Polis, M; Rock, D; Monastra, R; Robinson, M; Metcalf, J; Nussenblatt, R; Masur, H Abstract: Our data indicate that CD4+ cell counts increased from nadir count (Month 0) to study entry (22 months median after beginning potent ART) in a select cohort of persons with advanced HIV-infection and CMVR. CD4+ cell counts continued to increase by approximately 9 CD4+ cells/mm³/month from study entry to present (from Month 22 to Month 59 on potent ART). This clinical immune reconstitution was associated with a lack of progression of CMVR for more than 3 years. In persons able to maintain good virologic control of HIV, CD4+ counts may continue to rise for at least 5 years on potent ART. |
| 653. | Ki67 EXPRESSION DOES NOT REFLECT CELLULAR DNA CONTENT IN HIV DISEASE AND SHOULD NOT BE USED AS A MEASURE OF CELLULAR TURNOVER. Lederman, M; Patki, A; Valdez, H; Wilson, J; Sieg, S Abstract: Activation of PBL to enter cell cycle in HIV disease infrequently results in Ki67 expression and the relationship between cell cycle phase and Ki67 expression are not comparable in HIV infection and in health. Thus analysis of Ki67 expression may underestimate cellular turnover in HIV infection. Moreover in this system, the Ki67 negative phenotype is a marker for cell death. |
654. | TREC INCREASE NEGATIVELY CORRELATES WITH Ki67 EXPRESSION ON NAÏVE CD4 T CELLS DURING IL-2 THERAPY IN ADVANCED HIV PATIENTS TREATED BY HAART. Carcelain, G; Saint-Mezard, P; Korthals-Altes, H; Tubiana, R; Rabian, C; Katlama, C; Autran, B Abstract: These results suggested dual effects of IL2 on naïve CD4 T cells homeostasis: enhancement of thymic production or naïve cell proliferation. |
| 655. | EARLY IMMUNE RESTORATION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS RECEIVING NELFINAVIR (NFV) IN COMBINATION WITH STAVUDINE (D4T), AND EFAVIRENZ (EFV) Weiss, L; Bikoue, A; Caccavelli, L; Delfraissy, J; Rozembaum, W; Trylesinski, A Abstract: Significant increase in naïve and memory CD4 Tcells was observed at 3M therapy:NFV/d4T/EFV. Decreased T-cell activation was significant from M1of therapy Functional recovery was demonstrated by a significant improvement in IL-2 production by CD4 an CD8 Tcells and in proliferative responses to recall Ag within 6M of therapy. |
656. | DAB389CD4,A CD4-BASED IMMUNOTOXIN IS ACTIVE AGAINS HIV STRAINS FROM PATIENTS "IN VITRO" AND "IN VIVO" RECONSTITUTED SCID MICE Martin-Serrano, J; Del Real, G; Comendador, S; Grau, M; Alcami, J Abstract: Our data show that the immunotoxin DAB389CD4 is active against HIV in a SCID mice model "in vivo". |
| 657. | PHYSIOLOGIC ENHANCEMENT OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY TO CONTROL HIV DISEASE WITHOUT CAUSING DYSREGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Gottlieb, M; Kern, C; Gottlieb, A Abstract: The endogenous immunoregulator (LDS) and its synthetic components (YG and YGG) enhance cell-mediated immune function by producing a physiologic cascade of necessary cytokines and enabling normal control mechanisms. Neither toxicity nor evidence of "immune restoration disease" has been observed with long-term use of these materials. Further work is planned in HIV Disease and in other disorders associated with dysregulation of CMI. |
658. | SUBCUTANEOUS INTERLEUKINE-2 IN THE TREATMENT OF DISCORDANT PATIENTS WITH LESS THAN 300 CD4+ CELL COUNTS Lopez, J; Berenguer, J; Cosin, J; Miralles, P; Padilla, B Abstract: SC IL-2 can be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in patients with a good virological response to HAART but without increases in the CD4+ cell counts. In these situations IL-2 can provide a clinical benefit to the patient. |
| 659. | POOLED ANALYSIS OF INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2) TOXICITIES OBSERVED IN 15 RANDOMIZED AND CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS OF PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION. Allende, M; Clifford Lane, H Abstract: The side effects associated with IL-2 are generally predictable, dose, route and host dependent and manageable with supportive measures. Screening for cardiac, psychiatric and thyroid disease and patient education on IL-2 expected toxicities should be key to improve tolerability and maximize potential efficacy. |
660. | VIRAL BLIPS AND HIV-1 SPECIFIC HELPER T CELL RESPONSES IN PATIENTS ON HAART RECEIVING IL-2 THERAPY WITH OR WITHOUT A THERAPEUTIC VACCINE Sullivan, A; Imami, N; Hardy, G; Nelson, M; Moss, R; Gotch, F; Gazzard, B Abstract: IL-2 therapy is associated with controlled viral blips and an increase in HIV-1 specific LPR in patients receiving HAART with or without Remune. There is a significant CD4 cell count rise but the VL remains BLD at 24 weeks. This may provide an alternative to structured treatment interruptions. |
| 661. | COADMINISTRATION OF PREDNISONE DURING IL-2 CYCLING DOES NOT INHIBIT CD25 EXPRESSION ON CD4+ T CELLS BUT BLUNTS THE LONG-TERM EFFECT OF IL-2 ON CD4+ T CELL TURNOVER. Sereti, I; Tavel, J; Metcalf, J; Hahn, B; Martinez-Wilson, H; Lane, H Abstract: The blunted CD4+ T cell increase seen when prednisone is given during IL-2 cycles is not due to inhibition of CD25 expression on the CD4+ T cells but rather due to differences in long-term CD4+ T cell turnover rates. |
662. | RESULTS AT WEEK 96 OF AN OPEN LABEL FOLLOW UP STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HIV-1 IMMUNOGEN (REMUNE) IN ASYMPTOMATIC TYPE E HIV-1 INFECTED THAI SUBJECTS NOT TAKING ANTIVIRAL DRUGS Sukeepaisarncharoen, W; Churdboonchart, V; Kulpradist, S; Isarangkura, B; Chandeying, V; Rugpao, S; Moss, R Abstract: These results substantiate previous findings where significant increases in CD4+ T cell counts was associated with enhanced HIV-specific immunity. Data suggest that long-term treatment of HIV-1 infection with Remune is safe and results in a stabilization of CD4+ T cell counts. It is likely that Remune may show greater clinical benefit in subjects with higher CD4+ T cell counts. |
| 663. | USE OF ASACOL(r), A MUCOSAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION, IS SAFE AS ADJUNCTIVE HIV THERAPY AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH MILD DECREASES IN MUCOSAL RANTES. Anton, P; Elliott, J; Quigley, M; Olsson, J; Tiang, P; Kemeny, M; Poles, M Abstract: Asacol(r) use appears safe in this study population. Associated decreases in tissue RANTES were not associated with increases in HIV burden. |
664. | SUCCESSFUL ENGRAFTMENT OF CD34+ CELLS AND CONTINUED EXPRESSION OF GENES ENCODING ANTISENSE RNA IN HIV-1 INFECTED HUMAN SUBJECTS Liu, D; Cowan, M; Conant, M; Eden, C; Dunn, E; Wu, Q; Engelhardt, D Abstract: These results are a significant and perhaps unique example of the survival of transduced stem cells in nonablated adult human subjects with continued transgene activity as well as with replication and differentiation of these engineered cells into the CD4+ pool. |
| 665. | PILOT STUDY OF 5-ASA MUCOSAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY TO HAART IN DECREASING MUCOSAL AND PLASMA VIRAL LOAD. Anton, P; Fuerst, M; Elliott, J; Matud, J; Boscardin, J; Kemeny, M; Poles, M Abstract: No significant changes in plasma or tissue viral burden were seen in this small pilot trial of long-term infected subjects on HAART using a anti-inflammatory targeting the colon. Trials of more recently infected, HAART-naïve patients using agents active along the full GI tract will be considered. |
666. | DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPEUTIC USE OF A NEW ANTIVIRAL FERROVIR IN HIV-INFECTED RUSSIAN PATIENTS Nossik, D; Kaplina, E; Sato, S; Fomin, Y; Voronin, E Abstract: These trials show the good antiviral and immunologic potency and tolerability of FERROVIR. The important point is that because of low price it would be accessible to population in limited resources context and it gives a new approach and opportunity in therapy of HIV-infection. |
| 667. | EFFECT OF GMCSF ON VIRAL LOAD, CD4 COUNT AND LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION IN HIV PATIENTS RECEIVING HAART Novak, R; Baum, L; Bolanos, J; Diaz-Linares, M; Ghassemi, M; Pitrak, D; Schiappa, D Abstract: Addition of GMCSF treatment to HAART resulted in increases in CD4 counts, a trend toward decreases in viral load and increases in LP, including responses to HIV antigens, despite suppression of viral replication. |
668. | EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR(KALETRA) IN PROTEASE-INHIBITOR-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION De La Pena, N; Brutus, A; Croney, C; Elizee, M; Michelson, M Abstract: In conclusion, we find lopinavir/rionavir(Kaletra) to be safe and effective virologically and immunologically among Carribean and African-American blacks , at least, on short-term follow-up. |
| 669. | THE EFFICACY OF LOPINAVIR (ABT378R) IN INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCING PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) FAILURE Nelson, M; Gilleece, Y; Qazi, N; Morlese, J; Mandalia, S; Gazzard, B; Pozniak, A Abstract: Despite extensive PI experience, individuals treated with a regime containing ABT378R had very high levels of response with 76% of individuals on treatment at 6 months experiencing VL < 500 copies and 67% < 50 copies. |
670. | RESPONSE TO LOPINAVIR IN MULTIPLE PI / NNRTI - EXPERIENCED PATIENTS De Mendoza, C; Martin-Carbonero, L; Gallego, O; Rodriguez-Rosado, R; Barreiro, P; Soriano, V Abstract: LPV is relatively well tolerated and provides a potent antiviral activity in heavily pre-treated subjects. Plasma HIV-RNA reductions > 1 log are reached in nearly 3/4 of patients. Genotyping at the time of beginning salvage therapy with LPV might help to predict which individuals will have a greater benefit. |
| 671. | PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR EARLY-ACCESS-PROGRAM Cassetti, I; Montes, J; Pascual, A; Lopardo, G; Bottaro, E; Lazovsky, J; Stamboulian, D Abstract: L/r showed significant decrease of VL at w 12 in heavily preteated pts. Virological failure was observed in pts with extensive PI exposure. Long term follow-up will be neccesary to establish the virological response over time in this particular population. L/r was safe and well tolerated. |
672. | ABT-378/R IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: 12 WEEKS EVALUATION IN MULTIPLE PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI) EXPERIENCED HIV PATIENTS Danise A, Hasson H, Boeri E, Gianotti N, Cernuschi M, Castagna A, Lazzarin A Abstract: At week 12 we observed a consistent virologic and immunologic response in multiple PI experienced pts largely treated with NRTI and NNRTI. The presence of _ 6 mutations undermines the genetic barrier of ABT-378/r and is associated with reduced virologic response. |
| 673. | RITONAVIR(RTV)/AMPRENAVIR(APV) COMBINATION THERAPY IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS WHO FAILED SEVERAL PROTEASE INHIBITOR CONTAINING REGIMEN. Katlama, C; Schneider, L; Agher, R; Delaugerre, C; Calvez, V; Legrand, M; Tubiana, R Abstract: This pilot retrospective study shows that in patients with multiple failures to PI containing regimen, RTV/APV (100/600 mg bid) appears as a potent antiviral option with a 1.5 log10 median reduction in VL at week 48. |
674. | SALVAGE THERAPY WITH AMPRENAVIR AND RITONAVIR :PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN 20 HEAVYLY PRETREATED PATIENTS Arvieux, C; Souala, M; Jacquart, P; Ruffault, A; Bentué-Ferrer, I; Chapplain, J; Michelet, C Abstract: Treatment based on the combination of amprenavir and ritonavir is potent and safe, can be proposed in salvage therapies and allows concomittent efavirenz use. |
| 675. | INTENSIFICATION THERAPY WITH SAQUINAVIR SOFT GEL (SSG)/RITONAVIR (RIT) QD IN PATIENTS FAILING ON A SAQUINAVIR HARD GEL (SHG) CONTAINING HAART Mallolas, J; Blanco, J; Sarasa, M; Arnedo, M; López-Púa, Y; Martínez, E; Milinkovic, A; García-Viejo, M; Pumarola, T; Gatell, J Abstract: Switching from Shg to Ssg/RITr 1600/200 mg QD in patients failing HAART containing Shg can rescue patients including some with saquinavir resistance mutations. |
676. | FORTOVASE(R)-RITONAVIR (FTV/R) QD USED AFTER A FIRST PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) THERAPY IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS (PTS) WITH VIROLOGIC FAILURE Mars, M; Trylesinski, A; Loi, S; Suzan, V; Gallais, H Abstract: Our cohort illustrates that FTV/r 1600/100 mg once daily is well tolerated. This association could be useful therapeutic option after a first PI therapy in absence of mutations (minor) that confer resistance against one drug of therapeutic regimenresistance against one drug of therapeutic regimen. |
| 677. | RITONAVIR/INDINAVIR (RTV/IDV) SALVAGE THERAPY AFTER PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) FAILURE. Parish, M; Raines, C; Keruly, J; Gallant, J Abstract: RTV/IDV is effective in a subset of heavily-pretreated patients, failing PI-based regimens. NNRTI susceptibility with concurrent use of NNRTIs and switching at lower viral loads may increase likelihood of response. |
678. | RITONAVIR (RTV) BOOSTING OF INDINAVIR (IDV) ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMENS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: EFFECTIVENESS, SAFETY AND EXPLORATION OF PHENOTYPIC BREAKPOINTS. Zolopa, A; Rice, H; Young, B; Ruane, P; Vaamonde, C; Smith, P; Henry, K Abstract: In this heavily treatment experienced clinical cohort, IDV/RTV therapy demonstrates potent antiviral activity. Virologic activity appears to be maintained with IDV phenotypes of up to 25 FC. There were frequent discontinuations mostly due to intolerance. Serious adverse events were rare. |
| 679. | HIVNAT 001.2:LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF SAQUINAVIR-SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES (SQV-SGC) PLUS EITHER COMBIVIR (AZT/3TC) OR DDI/D4T IN HIV1+ THAI PATIENTS PRETREATED WITH AZT/DDC. Cardiello, P; Hassink, E; Srasuebkul, P; Kroon, E; Cooper, D; Lange, J; Phanuphak, P Abstract: These HIV1+ Thai subjects remain virologically suppressed (57% to 76% of cohort) after 174 weeks of therapy (108 weeks of SQV-SGC) with significant improvements in CD4+ counts, WBC and Hb. While there is a trend towards greater viral suppression in the AZT/3TC/SQV-SGC arm, the ddI/d4T/SQV-SGC arm showed a significantly larger improvement in CD4, Hgb and WBC. The clinical implications of boosting SQV concentrations with ITRA need further evaluation. |
680. | "REAL-LIFE" EXPERIENCE WITH EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IN SIX HIV CLINICS Shafran, S; Lefebvre, E; Baril, J; Cornelson, B; Walmsley, S; Fong, I Abstract: In NNRTI naïve patients with ARV failure, EFV achieved a virologic response (either pVL BLQ or > 1 log decrease) in over half of the patients, whereas in those with pVL already BLQ, EFV maintained virologic suppression in over 80% of the patients. |
| 681. | OBSERVATIONAL RESCUE STUDY OF INHIBITORS OF THE PROTEASA, WITH EFAVIRENZ MORE 2 NEW ANTRIS. Carmena, J; Ricart, C; Jordan, M; Vicente, R; Morales, E; Perez, C; León, P Abstract: The rescue with efavirenz more 2 new ANTRIs or EFV+ ABC+ DDI+ D4T, procures viral load undetectable in 66% to 13 months; depending on the adherence to the treatment and whether present the mutation previous K103N to the rescue. |
682. | EFFICACY OF A NELFINAVIR (NFV) AND EFAVIRENZ (EFV) CONTAINING SALVAGE REGIMEN IN HEAVILY PRE-TREATED PATIENTS NAÏVE TO NFV AND NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTIS) Baril, J; Laplante, F; Côté, P; Dufresne, S; Parent, Y Abstract: The efficacy of a NFV+EFV containing regimen in previously heavily treated patients appears to be favourable and more pronounced in patients whose baseline CD4 count is > or = 100 cells/mm³. |
| 683. | CLINICAL OUTCOME AND GENOTIPIC HIV EVOLUTION IN HEAVILY PRE-TREATED PATIENTS RECEIVING ABACAVIR-CONTAINING SALVAGE REGIMENS. Barreiro, P; Gallego, O; Díaz, B; Martín-Carbonero, L; Soriano, V; González-Lahoz, J Abstract: Previous experience with ZDV and/or 3TC precludes the virologic efficacy of salvage regimens including ABC. In most instances, failure with abacavir might be predicted by baseline genotyping. Failure with ABC seems to result from the accumulation of multiple classical NRTI substitutions, and not from the selection of novel RT mutations. |
684. | TREATMENT FAILURE IN NON-ADHERENT PATIENTS. OUTCOME MAINTAINING THE SAME THERAPY. RESULTS OF THE GEEMA STUDY. Knobel, H; Gonzalez, J; Collazos, J; Arribas, J; Carmona, A; Ruiz, I; Casado, J Abstract: Evaluation of adherence at 3 months of HAART is highly predictive of virologic outcome. Only one third of non-adherent patients improve their adherence condition. Virologic outcome is very poor in non-adherent patients who continue the same HAART regimen. Early interventions to improve adherence are needed. |
| 685. | DUAL BOOSTED PROTEASE INHIBITOR REGIMENS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN RESCUE THERAPY Harris, M; Mcnabb, K; Harrigan, R; Alexander, C; Press, N; O'Shaughnessy, M; Montaner, J Abstract: MDRT including LPV/r with either APV or FTV may be an option for selected heavily pretreated patients. GI intolerance and pill burden are limiting factors for some. |
686. | LONG-TERM EXPERIENCE HYDROXYUREA Wallace, M; Earhart, K; Utz, G; Tasker, S; Hale, B Abstract: Long-term success with HU salvage therapy was uncommon in our patient population. Given the frequency and unpredictable severity of side-effects, HU should be used only in circumstances where other, less toxic options have been exhausted. |
| 687. | A CASE SERIES ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF MYCOPHENOLATE AS PART OF MULTI-DRUG RESCUE TREATMENT REGIMENS Kimel, G; Press, N; Harris, M; Lange, J; Montaner, J Abstract: This case series suggests that mycophenolate (500 mg po bid) may not cause excessive myelosuppression in HIV-infected patients . However, the long-term effect of mycophenolate use and its possible effect on CD4 blunting warrant further study. Clinical trials are needed to determine the role of mycophenolate in the treatment of HIV infection. |
688. | ACCIDENTAL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO BLOOD AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN IRAN Abdollahzadeh, F; Moghaddasian, S Abstract: In summary , the results of this survey indicate an urgent need for expanded or revised educational programs directed to HCWs on AIDS. |
| 689. | OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BLOOD AND OTHERS FLUIDS CONTAINING HIV IN ROSARIO, ARGENTINA. UPDATE Galvan, M; Galindez, J; Ramos, P; Hoet, H; Galletti, M; Greca, A; Battagliotti, C Abstract: In all cases studied we did not registered anti HIV seroconvertions after six months.Eight refused to carry out surveillance studies and four are in the stage control. We are trying to show and foment a wellestablished and wellknown survillance. |
690. | DETERMINANTS OF RECEIVING 3-DRUG POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) AGAINST HIV IN A POPULATION-BASED SETTING Braitstein, P; Chan, K; Beardsell, A; Mcleod, A; Montaner, J; O'Shaughnessy, M; Hogg, R Abstract: Men, people who were exposed through community needlestick, or community or occupational splash injury, were all more likely to receive triple combination PEP. |
| 691. | HOW MUCH IS IT WORTH? ACTUAL VERSUS EXPECTED COSTS OF A POPULATION-BASED POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAM Braitstein, P; Chan, K; Beardsell, A; Mcleod, A; Montaner, J; O'Shaughnessy, M; Hogg, R Abstract: Our data suggest that the PEP Guidelines are not being followed. The actual cost per seroconversion prevented was over $530,000. Had guidelines been followed, the expected cost would have been $230,000. |
692. | OCCUPATIONAL POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) IN PREGNANT HEALTH CARE WORKERS (HCW) Dong, B; Lim, M; Perlman, J; Gruta, C; Aranow, R; Kindrick, A; Bangsberg, D Abstract: PEPline recommendations in pregnant HCW are related to the risk of the exposure and not solely to the stage of pregnancy. Complex decisions about PEP in pregnant HCW may benefit from expert consultation. |
| 693. | A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE TOLERANCE AND ADHERENCE TO A POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) WITH NELFINAVIR (NFV) OR INDINAVIR (IDV), AFTER SEXUAL (SE) OR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE (OE). Prevot, M; Trylesinski, A; Philippe-Jouncour, M; Lecamus, C; Dohin, E; Bouvet, E Abstract: As in PEP treatment needs to be enterily completed, in our study NFV appears an interesting option and we observed a trend to less treatment interruptions or modifications than IDV containing PEP. There was a significant better adherence and tolerance in SE than OE. |
694. | EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES SURROUNDING BLOOD-BORNE EXPOSURE. Freuler, C; Schiefelbein, R; Rodríguez, V; Laugas, S; Durlach, R Abstract: Only 48% of at risk workers were vaccinated against HBV before the accident and there were a high dropout of controls (57%) after exposure. |
| 695. | READINESS FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND CORRELATES WITH DURABLE HIV SUPPRESSION. Mundy, L; Highstein, G; Marshall, L; Cacciabando, J; Meeks, J; Thompson, P Abstract: Preliminary findings suggest that a readiness assessment tool, along with a structured approach to readiness assessment for HAART using the TMC, may be correlated with short-term HIV suppression. |
696. | INITIAL DATA ON ANTIRETROVIRAL ADHERENCE IN CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA Orrell, C; Wood, R Abstract: As expected, adherence does worsen with time on therapy, but there appears to be little difference with home language spoken. This bodes well for community-based ARV programmes in Cape Town where the majority of patients will be Xhosa-speaking Africans. The reason for the decreased adherence in Xhosa-speaking men will need to be clarified further, as it seems unlikely to be purely a language barrier. Efforts to reinforce reasons for adherence must be made throughout the time of therapy and regimens must be kept as simple as possible. |
| 697. | A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO COMPARE THREE DIFFERENT METHODS TO EVALUATE HAART ADHERENCE. Tuset, M; Codina, C; Martinez, M; MirÓ, J; Mallolas, J; Del Cacho, E; Ribas, J Abstract: PC was the most exact method to indicate the level of HAART adherence, which was slightly overestimate by the AADM and SQI methods. However, these methods should be taking into account to evaluate adherence because not all HIV-1-infected patients regularly returned the pills. |
| 698. | FACTORS IMPACTING ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY COMPLIANCE IN HIV + ADOLESCENTS Trocme N, Vaudre G, Leverger G, Dollfus C Abstract: Being dependent upon a treatment is a major constraint on the lives of HIV+ adolescents. Although they are fully informed, the deliberate interruption of treatment could attest of their expressed need for autonomy. |
| 699. | FREQUENCY OF MEDICAL HISTORY, DRUG INTERACTIONS AND LIFESTYLE PATTERNS THAT INTERFERE WITH ADHERENCE TO HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) Lal L, Lewis S, Grimes R Abstract: The high frequency of problems that might lead to HAART failure suggests the need for detailed histories before prescribing HAART regimens. Current guidelines for highly recommended HAART therapies allow the use of 10 drugs in 24 combinations. So, many options are available that can be tailored to meet individual needs. A HAART regimen that is tailored to reduce potential side effects, drug interactions, and lifestyle patterns can be based on a structured questionnaire. |
| 700. | THE WELL PATIENT VISIT: IMPROVING ADHERENCE/COMPLIANCE THROUGH A NURSING INTERVENTION Alexander D, Johnson D, Mann P, AETC Abstract: To maximize patient adherence/compliance, nursing intervention and strategies based on patients needs are essential. Nurses can reinforce compliance/adherence to HIV infected patients during a Well-Patient Visit. Most patients were open to receiving information and supplies related to adherence/compliance. Further evaluation is necessary to assess the full impact of the nursing well-patient visit on assisting patients to maintain durable viral suppression. |
| 701. | ADHERTRAT VS NO ADHERTRAT: COMPARISON BETWEEN TO USE AN INTERVENTION´S MODEL IN ADHERENCE AND NO USE IT Guaragna, G; Casiro, A; Chuluyan, J; Vivian, M; Sumay, A Abstract: Although many different intervention strategies are currently being studied among HIV-infected patients, little efficacy data are currently available. However, the use of the present model (ADHERTRAT) it seems to be useful to improve adherence among HIV-infected patients as the results showing. Whenever patients are to receive antiretrovirals, special efforts must be expended to ensure the patient understand the importance of adherence. |
| 702. | RANDOMISED STUDY TO EVALUATE AN ORIGINAL FACE-TO-FACE TREATMENT EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR HIV-3 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS: METHODOLOGY AND INITIAL OBSERVATIONS (CIEL BLEU STUDY) Bernard N, Goujard C, Delfraissy Jf, Lancon F, Therme N, Chwalow J, Peyramond D Abstract: Preliminary observations show patients and hospital teams to express satisfaction with the TEP. Study is on-going to evaluate its impact on patients adherence and quality-of-life. |
| 703. | IMPROVED ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AT 6 MONTHS IN HIV-3 INFECTED INDIVIDUALS : IMPACT OF A FACE-TO-FACE TREATMENT EDUCATION PROGRAM :THE CIEL BLEU STUDY Goujard C, Peyramond D, Bernard N, Bertholon D, Chwalow J, Therme N, Delfraissy J Abstract: These first observations show that our TEP has a strong positive impact on adherence to HAART. Study is on-going for long-term observation on adherence and quality-of-life. |
| 704. | ASSOCIATION OF A SIMPLIFIED QUESTIONNAIRE OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND OUTCOME TO HAART IN A LARGE COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS. GEEMA STUDY Knobel H, Collazos J, Gonzalez J, Kindelan J, Casado J, Carmona A, Ruiz I Abstract: SQMA is reproducible, and highly correlated with virologic outcome. SQMA is a simple and useful tool for monitoring adherence to antiretrovirals. |
| 705. | HIGH SELF ESTEEM, LOW LEVELS OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONALITY AND FEW MALADAPTIVE BELIEFS ABOUT ONESELF AND ONE'S WORLD PREDICT ACHIEVEMENT OF UNDETECTABLE HIV VIRAL LOAD IN HIV+ PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Hewitt, R; Roberts, J; Shelton, M; Esch, L Abstract: Achievement of undetectable viral load with antiretroviral therapy is associated with positive personality traits such as high self esteem. Adherence interventions that enhance self esteem, promote low levels of negative emotionality and teach positive adaptive beliefs should be studied in HIV+ patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. |
| 706. | USING SIMULATED HIV THERAPY TO ASSESS ADHERENCE BARRIERS TO COMBINATION THERAPY. Leider, J; Alpert, P Abstract: These findings demonstrate that poor adherence can result from difficult treatment regimens (such as a regimen that requires fasting for one medication and food intake for another medication). We suggest that medical providers can improve adherence by considering these factors. |
| 707. | DEPRESSION AS AN INDICATOR OF ADHERENCE AND DISEASE'S PROGRESSION IN THE GEEMA STUDY. Gordillo, V; Buendia, C; Torres, A; Geema Group Abstract: In our sample adherence was related to depression more than to efficacy. That means that viral load is an important but not the best predictor of adherence. Depression should be evaluated in order to improve adherence. Differents traits of depression could be associated with lipodystrophy and cognitive disfunctions. |
| 708. | PATIENT SATISFACTION AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (ADL) IN HIV INFECTED ADULTS USING T-20 GIVEN BY SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION (SC) OVER 48 WEEKS Cohen, C; Dusek, A; Johns, E; Green, J; Recny, M Abstract: T-20 BID SC injections did not substantially limit activities of daily living of participants in this Phase II clinical trial. Quality of life and patient satisfaction is being assessed in phase III trials |
| 709. | QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENT DEVEMOPMENT IN ARGENTINIAN HIV+ POPULATION (PRELIMINARY REPORT) Belloso, W; Consiglio, E; Lopardo, G; Chiocconi, E; Etchegoyen, M; Amin, M; Tessler, J Abstract: Current changes in HIV disease were reflected in the appearance of new significant QoL items, not generally assessesed by current instruments. Qualitative analysis may help the selection process for an instrument in a particular setting. Validation may not be sufficient for the proper use and interpretation of transcultural use of current instruments. |
| 710. | CYTOKINE INDUCTION DURING T. GONDII INFECTION OF HU-PBL SCID MICE. D. Beaman, M; Meyer, D; Allan, J Abstract: (1) T. gondii infection of hu-PBL SCID mice induces IFN-( more frequently than transplantation alone (i.e. allogeneic responses) (2) IL-2 is occasionally induced by infection of hu-PBL SCID mice. (3) Further studies of IFN-( induction in this model are warranted. (4) This model is a useful tool with which to study opportunistic pathogens of AIDS patients. |
| 711. | EFFICACY AND TOLERANCE OF COTRIMOXAZOLE FOR TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS : AN OPEN PROSPECTIVE STUDY Cabié, A; Cabre, Ph; Abel, S; Sobesky, G; Smadja, D Abstract: In this small open study a relative low-dose regimen of CTX appears to be strongly efficient and safe treatment of TE. CTX can be given intravenously in comatose patients and in those with gastric intolerance and is less expansive that pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine. Further prospective randomized trials are required to confirm the efficacy and tolerance of CTX versus pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine. |
| 712. | ENTERIC INFECTION CAUSED BY CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM IN HIV-1 INFECTED CHILDREN Barboni, G; Cantisano, C; Gaddi, E; Balbarinsky, J; Quiroz, H; Candi, M; Giraudi, V Abstract: Patients with severe immunosupression showed increased incidence of chronic diarrhea as clinical presentation of crytosporidiosis. Combinated antiretroviral therapy including PI has lowered the number of complications of enteric infections caused by C. parvum. |
| 713. | INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT DIARRHEA. Watanaveeradej, V; Vithayasai, N; Mungthin, M; Kerdpanich, A; Therapong, V; Leelayoova, S Abstract: This study emphasized not only the infection of C. parvum, but also the importance of microsporidia in HIV-infected children. Awareness of microporidia infection in pediatric HIV patient is necessary since this problem is treatable. |
| 714. | SEVERE AND NORWEGIAN SCABIES IN HIV/HTLV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS IN BAHIA, BRAZIL Brites, C; Weyll, M; Pedroso, C; Badaro, R Abstract: Scabies in HIV and HTLV co-infected patients is severe with most of the Norwegian presentation in advanced AIDS patients in Bahia, Brazil. HTLV-1 might be a risk factor for crustous (Norwegian) form of scabies. |
| 715. | ERADICATION OF HELMINTH INFECTIONS DECREASES CHRONIC IMMUNE ACTIVATION OF THE HOST: RELEVANCE TO THE AIDS EPIDEMIC IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Weisman, Z; Kalinkovich, A; Zlotnikov, S; Stein, M; Leng, Q; Borkow, G; Bentwich, Z Abstract: 1)Helminth infections alone and distinctive from other environmental factors, influence significantly the host immune system and this can be reversed within a reasonably short time after helminth eradication. 2) The chronic immune activation and decreased cellular immune response associated with helminth infection, act together to undermine host immunity. 3) These results support the notion that effective eradication of helminthic infection may be of prime importance in the fight against AIDS and Tuberculosis in developing countries. |
| 716. | HIV-1 ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE NATURAL COURSE OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS (VL) DUE TO L. CHAGASI. Straatmann, A; Silva, N; Bittencourt, A; Paradella, A; Araujo, C; Pedral-Sampaio, D; Badaro, R Abstract: HIV-1 definitively adversely affects the natural course of leishmaniasis by exacerbating the disease and modifying its clinical presentation. In Brazil, VL is a zoonotic disease is which the sandflies gets the infection in canine reservoir. The appearance of PKDL in HIV co-infected patients might start an anthroponotic disease pattern of leishmaniasis in South America. |
| 717. | STEREOTACTIC BRAIN BIOPSY IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Bugarin, G; Vanzulli, C; Laurido, M; Trinidad, P; Bologna, R; Cassetti, I Abstract: SBB was an useful and safe diagnostic tool in complicated neurological focal disease. |
| 718. | "DETECTION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN AIDS PATIENTS BY ANTIGENEMIA ASSAY AND NESTED PCR" Hashizume, A; Nogueira, E; Tomiyama, H; Carnauba Jr, D; Granato, C Abstract: The nested-PCR is more sensitive for active CMV replication when compared to antigenemia assay. A detailed analysis of the medical report is under evaluation in order to define the clinical significance of PCR reactive-antigenemia negative patients. |
| 719. | PROPHYLAXIS WITH ITRACONAZOLE CAPSULES REDUCES MUCOSAL BUT NOT SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION: A RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY. Smith, D; Bell, J; Johnson, M; Schlech, W; Youle, M; Gazzard, B; De Beule, K Abstract: Although itraconazole prophylaxis significantly reduced the number and time to development of oral candidosis, too few episodes of deep fungal infection were noted to determine whether itraconazole prophylaxis was effective for this condition (11 vs 13). Chronic itraconazole treatment is well tolerated in HIV infected patients with marked immunodeficiency. |
| 720. | EFFECTS OF VIRAL LOAD AND TOBACCO USE ON THE RISK OF PNEUMOCISTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA IN THE HAART ERA Burbano, X; Rodriguez, A; Pineda, L; Miguez-Burbano, M; Morales, G; Shor-Posner, G Abstract: Despite administration of antiretroviral therapy, daily use of tobacco and high baseline viral load appear to dramatically influence the development of PCP in HIV+ drug users. |
| 721. | INCIDENCE OF HERPES ZOSTER IN HIV: NO EVIDENCE FOR INCREASE AFTER INTRODUCTION OF POTENT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Rimland, D; Guest, J; Smith, R Abstract: The incidence of zoster is higher in whites, gay men, persons <29 and patients with CD4 <200.There is no evidence that the incidence has increased with the use of antiretroviral therapy. |
| 722. | ZOVIRAX (ZOV) BRAND IS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE EFFICACIOUS THAN GENERIC ACYCLOVIR (ACV) FOR SUPPRESSION OF RECURRENT HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION Blick, G; Greiger-Zanlungo, P; Blick, S; Sharfuddin, M; Garton, T; Hatton, E; Sasse, R Abstract: ZOV is significantly superior to ACV in preventing HSV recurrences in HIV-infected individuals. Switching from ACV to either ZOV or VAL is effective in suppressing further HSV recurrences. |
| 723. | HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) IN ORAL CONDILOMA ACUMINATA FROM HIV POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENTS. Casariego, Z; Micinquievich, S; Gomez, Ma; Golijow, C; Abba, Ma; Cahn, P Abstract: The PCR technique appeared to be very sensitive not only for HPV detection but also for viral typing in fresh and fixed tissue. HPV-11 was the most prevalent type found in both, HIV-1(-) and HIV-1(+) condiloma samples. No significant differences were found between both sets of samples for viral prevalence genotype presence. |
| 724. | INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HVP) IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS. Alfonzo, R; Mendez, D; Santos, R; Cavazzo, M; Uribe, M; Correnti, M; Mata, M Abstract: Most of the HIV positive patients underwent anal cytology showed high risk intraepithelial lesions (57,7%). Only 28,8% showed low risk intraepithelial lesions and 8,8% showed negative cytology. |
| 725. | POLYOMA VIRUS JC DNA DETECTION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN CSF OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY. Giri, J; Gregoresky, J; Silguero, P; García Messina, O; Planes, N Abstract: This technique allows confirmation of presumptive diagnostic given by neuroimages (MRI), supporting the theoretical sensibility of 80-90 % and specificity of 100 %. |
| 726. | NEUROIMAGING OUTCOME IN THREE AIDS PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (PML) ON HAART Zirulnik, J; Patterson, P; Oshiro, G; Cahn, P Abstract: These preliminary data like indicate that HIV brain infection with PML lesions can persist despite virologic control, as shown in case 3. In this small series, 6 or more months were required to observe neuroimaging stabilization. Further clinical investigations are needed to understand the impact of HAART in HIV brain infections dynamics. |
| 727. | DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS (D.H) IN AIDS. Rey Kelly, G; Oshiro, G; Perez, H; Guelfand, L; Kaufman, S; Cahn, P Abstract: DH is in our area is to be considered as a potential first opportunistic infection in HIV patients. Routine blood cultures showed a high efficacy in this mycosis. In 50% of cases the disease was considered severe enough to warrant hospitalization and prescription of IV AMB. Therapy with AMB or( I) followed by maintenance therapy with (I) resulted in complete remission in all but 3 pts, who improved when shifted to AMB.Both drugs showed as effective treatments for DH. |
| 728. | NOSOCOMIAL MEASLES INFECTION IN ADULT HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS WITH A CASE OF FATAL ACUTE PROGRESSIVE MEASLES ENCEPHALITIS Nakajima, Y; Genka, I; Tachikawa, N; Yasuoka, A; Oka, S. Abstract: We reported here 3 adult cases of nosocomial measles infections in the HIV/AIDS ward with a case of fatal acute progressive measles encephalitis. We should be much aware of measles epidemics in HIV(+) patients in hospital. |
| 729. | THE MEANING OF ISOLATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) IN THE BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE (BAL) OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS WITH P. carinii PNEUMONIA (PCP). García Cañete, J; Gorgolas, M; Gadea, I; Granizo, J; Flandes, J; Monea, A; Fernández Guerrero, M Abstract: The isolation of CMV in the BAL of HIV-infected patients with PCP has not clinical relevance and patients do not benefit from anti-CMV therapy. The bad prognosis of the co-infection is due to an older age, poor nutrition and a worst general condition. |
| 730. | CMV RETINITIS IN HIV INFECTED ADULTS Foccoli, M; Ghilardenghi, G; Couto, C; Argento, C; Lattes, R; Lasala, M Abstract: HAART has reduced the incidence of CMVR. Nevertheless it should be routinely looked for in pt. with very low CD4 counts specially male at the beginning of ARV treatment. |
| 731. | ASSOCIATION OF ADENOVIRUS TYPES 11, 34 AND 35 WITH PARENTERAL EXPOSURE AND EARLIER DEATH IN AIDS PATIENTS. Echavarría, M; Forman, M; Schnurr, D; Ticehurst, J; Bolton, S; Enger, C; Charache, P Abstract: The predominant AdV types in our study, 11, 34 and 35, have usually been recovered from AIDS patients or bone marrow transplant recipients but not from immunocompetent individuals. Our data indicate that parenteral exposure may be a risk factor for AdV infection.Although these infections were not clinically apparent, they may have had an effect on HIV virulence or have been a marker of greater immunosuppression. Further studies are warranted to enable better understanding of pathogenesis of AdV infections, particularly those with certain serotypes, in HIV-infected individuals. |
| 732. | IMPACT OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ON HIV INFECTION. Gonzalez-Canudas, J; Quiroz, M; Perez, S; Halabe, J; Nellen, H Abstract: The CSI is a useful tool which evaluates the clinical aspect of HIV infection, and is an independent prognostic marker. It is cheap and can be used in situations where there is no access to other known prognostic markers. |
| 733. | VIRAL LOAD AND CD4 COUNT IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS WITH ORAL MANIFESTATIONS La Corte, E; Rodríguez, A; Vielma, C; Thomas, C; Mazza, W; Tami, I Abstract: Around 60% of patients with HIV/AIDS presented OM. PMC was the most frequent manifestation, predominating in stage 3 and in patients with a VL >2000copies. KS only was seen in stage 3, presenting lowest CD4 cell counts, followed by AC and HL. This revealed importance of OM in AIDS, on different CD4 stages and levels of VL, which must to involve dentistry in integral management of this increased patients group at dental practice. |
| 734. | ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VIRAL LOAD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA AND ORAL CANDIDOSIS DURING HIV INFECTION. Esquivel-Pedraza, L; Ramírez-Amador, V; Sierra-Madero, J; Soto-Ramírez, L; González-Ramírez, I; Anaya-Saavedra, I; Vick-Fragoso, R Abstract: Our findings suggest that the development of OC and/or HL is associated with and increase in viral load. |
| 735. | CLINICAL OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WHO DISCONTINUED MAINTENANCE THERAPY FOR SELECTED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS (OI 'S) FOLLOWING AN INITIAL RESPONSE TO HAART. Wekselman, S; Abusamra, L; Ochoa, C; Perez, H; Zala, C; Cahn, P Abstract: We add further evidence that MT can be safely discontinue in patients with selected OIs with an increased and sustained CD4 T cell count in response to HAART. Patients with a "disconnected" pVL/CD4 response and no evidence of short term relapse warrant a further follow up. |
| 736. | LONG TERM REMISSION OF CMV RETINITIS FOLLOWING INTERRUPTION OF CMV MAINTENANCE THERAPY Perez, H; Ochoa, C; Puch, S; Puente, S; Sued, O; Zala, C; Cahn, P Abstract: Remission of AIDS-related CMV retinitis is long lasting despite failure of ARV therapy to fully control HIV replication. In the absence of CMV specific therapy, breakthrough HIV viremia is not followed by CMV replication. |
| 737. | DISCONTINUING MAINTENANCE TREATMENT FOR PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS, AND DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX INFECTION Zeller, V; Jouan, M; Truffaut, C; Bossi, P; Caumes, E; Bricaire, F; Katlama, C Abstract: Discontinuing MT for PCP and TE appears safe in patients under HAART. MAC relapse occurred despite CD4 cells >100/mm³ and complete VL suppression in 2 patients with an isolated bone localization and in one severely immunodepressed patient. |
| 738. | OPPORTUNISTICS EVENTS IN PATIENTS INFECTED BY THE HIV-1 AFTER BEGINNING A HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) Pugliese, D; Benetucci, J; Ortega, G Abstract: Despite a good response to HAART, our study has shown that pts with initial low CD4 count are still at risk for OE. The initial lower CD4 count was the main prognostic factor for the possibility of suffering OE even though the apparently immunological recovery (CD4>200 and >15%). |
| 739. | LAPAROSCOPIC VERSUS PERCUTANEOUS LIVER BIOPSY IN HIV PATIENTS WITH FEVER OF UNDETERMINED ORIGIN AND/OR CHOLESTASIS. A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED STUDY. Fassio, E; Varsky, C; Longo, C; Alvarez, E; Dutack, A; Laplumé, H; Landeira, G Abstract: In conclusion, laparoscopic and percutaneous liver biopsy have a similar efficacy in the group of HIV pts with FUO and/or biochemical cholestasis. None of the variables investigated was useful to predict the liver biopsy results. |
| 740. | MOLECULAR EVIDENCE OF FATHER - CHILD HIV-1 HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION. A CASE REPORT. Ceballos, A; Martinez Peralta, L; Rimoldi, I; Agosti, M; Avila, M; Gonzalez Ayala, S Abstract: These epidemiological and molecular data strongly suggest that horizontal transmission have occurred, probably related to the close father - child contact. |
| 741. | "DETECTION OF THE HIV GENOME BY PCR REACTION, IN CHILDREN BORN FROM HIV SEROPOSITIVE MOTHERS, AT PUBLIC MATERNITIES OF CÓRDOBA". Lucca, M; Modesti, N; Sponton, E; Asis, L Abstract: As was expected, the HIV negative children showed a lost of HIV serology, good growth and lack of markers diseases. The HIV positive ones, maintained the serology specific for HIV, were submitted to an antiretroviral therapy, and according to their condition were taken care to prevent opportunistic infections The obtained results reinforced the necessity of having in Public Institutions, where most of the children born from HIV infected mothers are attended, an early diagnostic by nested PCR, which can allow an early diagnostic and opportune treatment to avoid a fast deterioration of the children. |
| 742. | RESPONSE TO HEPATITIS B IMMUNIZATION (HBV va) BY INFANTS EXPOSED TO HIV, IN ARGENTINA. Fallo, A; Torrado, L; Scoms, S; Lopez, E Abstract: -HIV infected patients had an initial response rate of 85.4% and 60% at 12 mo later. Their anti-HBs titers were significantly lower than uninfected children. The initial no response was related to lower CD4, advanced disease and higher pVL, but the later response was related only to age of initial vaccination. Thus it would be necessary to vaccine HIV infected patients early and prior the immunological impairment occurs. |
| 743. | HIV-SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T CELL RESPONSES DETECTED IN UNINFECTED INFANTS ARE MEDIATED BY CD4+ CELLS AND ARE INFLUENCED BY MATERNAL VIRAL LOAD Ffrench, R; Clegg, A; Maplestone, S; Newcombe, N; Tsung, J; Stewart, G; Ziegler, J Abstract: This observation suggests that the reduction in maternal viral load and decreased risk of viral exposure during the perinatal period associated with elective caesarian section may affect the generation of the HIV-1 envelope CTL response, indicating it is likely to have been primed by exposure to replicating virus. |
| 744. | MOLECULAR EVIDENCE OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF GBV-C/HEPATITIS G VIRUS (HGV) IN HIV INFECTED MOTHERS. Espinola, L; Mathet, V; Ruiz, V; Ceballos, A; Martinez Peralta, L; OubiÑA, J Abstract: 1. Mother to child GBV-C/HGV transmission was molecularly demonstrated in 3 mother-infant pairs. 2. GBV-C/HGV viral titer or a given genogroup do not appear to be decisive for vertical transmission. |
| 745. | RISK FACTORS AND TRENDS IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES AND CESAREAN SECTION FOR PERINATAL HIV PREVENTION IN THE PORTO ALEGRE COHORT - BRAZIL Fisman, D; Perencevich, E; Levy, D; Cosgrove, S Abstract: Programs that attempt to optimize adherence to HAART through the use of third-trimester DOT-HAART have the potential to result in decreased HIV transmission and cost savings, particularly in women with high viral loads. At viral loads >1000 copies/ml, DOT-HAART would be highly cost-effective. These findings should be tested with prospective clinical trials. |
| 746. | ASSESSING INTERVENTION TO REDUCE VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV IN NAMAKKAL - RURAL HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA Terrones, C; Pesaresi, M; Hermosid, S; Paradiso, P; Micone, P; Bovalina, S; Sen, L Abstract: In conclusion, NB babies from HIV infected mothers have a higher probability to born pre-term, with less weight and older gestational age measured by Capurro than by LMP. |
| 747. | DESCRIPTION OF THE RATE OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (MCT) OF HIV AND THEIR CLINICAL OUTCOME OF 58 BABIES BORN AT A PUBLIC HOSPITAL OF THE PROVINCE OF BUENOS AIRES-ARGENTINA. JANUARY 3995 - DECEMBER 2000 Ceriotto, M; Luciano, S; Mattoni, S; Fayanás, C Abstract: HIV testing has significantly increased since the inception of the program. Optimization of resources already available allowed effective interventions to reduce perinatal transmission and to improve the health of HIV infected women. |
| 748. | THE VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV/AIDS IN CUBA Meade, T; Malyuta, R; Andrianov, A Abstract: Successful implementation of HIV vertical transmission programs in the NIS are feasible although they require careful evaluation of existing conditions followed by changes in the inpatient and outpatient clinical structures, access to regionally appropriate guidelines and supplementation of medications, testing and supplies. |
| 749. | SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SAQUINAVIR-SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES + ZIDOVUDINE + OPTIONAL LAMIVUDINE IN PREGNANCY AND PREVENTION OF VERTICAL HIV TRANSMISSION: LONG-TERM FOLLOW UP Li, G; Cao, Y Abstract: However, these data were far from being complete because only was a small portion of the pregnant women obtained from the clinical practice. Some of the infrastructures necessary for MTCT surveillance have been set up already in Yunnan and Guangdong provinces since 2000. We will continue to utilize the existing sentinel surveillance system for improving and extending it whenever possible, and to survey the sexual partners of HIV-1 positive males and the children born from HIV-1-infected women. More useful information will be gathered. Moreover, 5 HIV-1 infected pregnant women and their infants have accepted the intervention treatment of Nevirapine at onset of labor and within 72 hours after birth. The rate of inhibition of MTCT and the factors, such as co-receptors, phenotypes, genotypes and viral load, are also under investigation. |
| 750. | TREND IN PREVALENCE OF PREGNANT WOMEN INFECTED WITH HIV AND TREPONEMA PALLIDUM (TP) IN A PUBLIC HOSPITAL - BUENOS AIRES-ARGENTINA. 1994-2000. Szyld, E; Cervelli, M; Kiperman, G; Sirlin, A; Moreno, O; Marzo, S; Warley, E Abstract: The prevalence of infection with HIV and TP in pregnant women who deliver at the DPH remained stable in the past 6 years (higher than the National and State prevalence rate : 0.56% - 0.69 % respectively in pregnant women).The rate of co-infection of HIV with TP remained low during the whole period. |
| 751. | EFFECT OF OXITOCIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2 (ALPHA) ON HIV ANTIGEN PRODUCTION IN VITRO. Rabinovich, R; Ceballos, A; Marquina, S; Martinez Peralta, L Abstract: The oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 (alpha) not increased the HIV-1 antigen production (p24). Besides, prostaglandin F2 (alpha) in the higher concentrations studied, decrease the HIV-1 viral production. However, these results should be considered along with other hormones effects such as contractions induction and duration of labor in order to evaluate their effect in HIV mother to child transmission risk. |
| 752. | HIV-1 INFECTION OF TROPHOBLAST DERIVED CELLS IS MOSTLY RESTRICTED AT THE LEVEL OF ENTRY. Dolcini, G; Derrien, M; Bercoff, D; Chaouat, G; Barre-Sinoussi, F; Menu, E Abstract: Our results s |