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7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic InfectionsSan Francisco, CA - January 30 -February 4, 2000 |
Cite as: Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 2000 Jan 30-Feb 4;7th:Abstract No. xx
| Session 2—Poster Abstracts HHV-8: Pathogenesis, Seroepidemiology, and Treatment |
1 | COMPARISON BETWEEN IFA AND EIA ASSAYS IN DETECTING SEROCONVERSION TO HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 (HHV-8) IN PERSONS IDENTIFIED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2;7th:75 (abstract no. 1) T Spira, L Lam, C Pau, S Dollard, K Kite-Powell, P Pellett Longitudinal serum specimens from a cohort of 70 HIV-infected homosexual men were tested for antibodies to HHV-8 using two peptide EIA assays and an IFA assay for lytic antigens. The EIA assays measured antibodies to HHV-8 orf65 or K8.1 peptides. At the last time point of sampling, 35 (50%) were HHV-8 seronegative ... |
| 2 | SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 AMONG YOUNG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:75 (abstract no. 2) C. Diamond1, H. Thiede2, T. Perdue2, L. Corey3, And The Seattle Young Men’S Survey Team2 We found an HHV-8 seroprevalence of 6% among these young MSM, which was similar to the HHV-8 seroprevalence in young MSW, but lower than seroprevalence estimates in earlier studies of older MSM. The association between HHV-8 infection and unprotected anal sex supports previous findings that HHV-8 is sexually transmitted in MSM; CMV infection and amphetamine injection likely are markers for unsafe sexual practices. |
| 3 | INDUCTION OF HHV-8 LYTIC CYCLE REPLICATION BY CYTOKINES PRODUCED BY HIV-1-INFECTED T-CELLS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:75 (abstract no. 3) M. Mercader, B. Taddeo, J. R. Panella, B. J. Nickoloff, And K. E. Foreman HHV-8 is a recently described γ2-herpesvirus which is consistently identified in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). While HHV-8 infection appears to be necessary, it may not be sufficient for development of KS without involvement of other essential co-factors. One potentially important co-factor is HIV-1. HIV-1 infected cells produce HIV-1 related proteins and cytokines, both of which have been shown to promote growth of KS cells in vitro. |
| 4 | HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 OPEN READING FRAME K1 SIGNALS THROUGH NFκB AND ACTIVATES CELLS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:75 (abstract no. 4) D. Bose1, S. Pati1, N. Liu1, M. Reitz1, And F. Samaniego2 Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and body cavity-based lymphoma (BCBL). We PCR-cloned open reading frame K1 of the HHV8 genome in order to investigate its role in HHV8-associated disease. K1 is a transmembrane protein with an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and an extracellular immunoglobulin l light chain-like domain. |
| 4A | QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KSHV (HHV-8) VIRUS LOAD IN PLASMA, PBMC AND LYMPH NODES FROM HIV-1-INFECTED PERSONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:75 (abstract no. 4A) T. B. Campbell, K. A. Staskus, R. Evans, I. E. White, X. Q. Zhang, J. Folkvord, And E. Connick Previous studies on the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) in body compartments have been limited by the use of qualitative or semi-quantitative measures of KSHV virus load. We have used a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (Taqman PCR) to quantify KSHV DNA in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue of HIV-1-infected persons. |
| 5 | INTERLEUKIN 12 (IL-12) APPEARS TO BE ACTIVE IN AIDS-ASSOCIATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (KS): EARLY RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:76 (abstract no. 5) R. F. Little1, J. M. Pluda1, K. Wyvill1, J. Lietzau1, G. Shearer1, G. Tosato2, E. Feigal1, C. Chougnet1, K. Fowke1, And R. Yarchoan1 IL-12 appears to be well tolerated in KS at current doses. Primary toxicities include reversible neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, and self-limiting constitutional symptoms. Among pts at the 300 and 500 ng/kg dose levels, an 80% long-lasting partial response rate was achieved. |
| Session 3—Poster Abstracts HIV-Associated Malignancies |
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| 6 | HIV IMPLICATED IN THE cis-ACTIVATION OF c-fes IN A SUBSET OF HIV-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMAS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:76 (abstract no. 6) K. Mack1, R. Wei2, B. Herndier2, B. Shiramizu2, N. Abbey2, R. Gascon2, A. Elbaggari2, M. Hurt2, T. Earnst3, And M. Mcgrath2 Clonal HIV insertions upstream of the proto-oncogene c-fes were identified in a subset of AIDS-associated high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. These lymphomas included large cell lymphomas interspersed with prominent macrophages and a T-cell lymphoma. In a representative case of these neoplasias, tumor associated macrophages were characterized and found to co-express the proto-oncogene c-fes and HIV p24. |
| 7 | c-fes PROTO-ONCOGENE EXPRESSION IN HIV AND NON-HIV LYMPHOID TISSUES. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:76 (abstract no. 7) N. W. Abbey, M. S. Mcgrath, And B. G. Herndier In AIDS associated macrophage (MΦ) rich lymphomas, our group observed clonal HIV inserted upstream from the c-fes proto-oncogene. These same lymphomas showed strong immunohistochemical staining in the tumor associated MΦ for the activated c-fes antibody. We used these findings to survey a variety of HIV and non-HIV |
| 8 | HIV STATUS AND ANAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN ADOLESCENTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:76 (abstract no. 8) A. B. Moscicki, J. Houser, Y. Ma, C. Wilson, And D. A. Murphy The presence of ano-genital warts was a significant risk for both males and females. HIV status and cervical HPV also appeared important for females. Regardless of gender, adolescents with anal HPV were at significant risk for anal SIL. |
| 9 | INCIDENCE OF CANCER IN WOMEN WITH OR AT RISK FOR HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:76 (abstract no. 9) R. Phelps1‚2, D. K. Smith1, L. Gardner1, C. J. Carpenter3, R. Klein4, D. Jamieson1, D. Vlahov5, P. Schuman6, And S. Holmberg1 Appropriate screening and follow-up of HIV-infected women for cervical dysplasia is emphasized. Lung cancer, other smoking related cancers and pulmonary lymphoma should be considered in symptomatic HIV-infected women. |
| 10 | SPECTRUM OF AIDS-ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCIES IN NEW YORK CITY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:77 (abstract no. 10) J. Fordyce1, Z. Wang2, B. Gallagher2, S. Ly1, A. Hahn2, M. Schymura2, and M. Chiasson1 Incomplete determination of behavioral risk factors and differences in AIDS and cancer surveillance complicates determination of cancer risks. Significantly increased risks for several non-AIDS defining cancers suggests AIDS may be associated with cancers thought to be linked with other viruses. Additional analysis is required to test for the the effects of new anti-viral therapies on the the development of cancer. |
| 11 | CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG HIV-INFECTED MEN AND WOMEN IN SOUTHERN EUROPE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:77 (abstract no. 11) D. Serraino, A. Boschini, C. Pradier, M. Dorrucci, P. Carrieri, P. Ballarini, G. Ippolito, And G. Rezza These results confirm previous studies showing an excess of HD and ICC among HIV-positive individuals, and they suggest that liver and lung cancers' risks may also be increased as a consequence of HIV. |
| Session 4—Poster Abstracts Metabolic Abnormalities/Fat Redistribution: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors |
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| 12 | INCIDENCE OF LIPODYSTROPHY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION TREATED WITH HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:77 (abstract no. 12) J. M. Miro, E. Martinez, F. Garcia, L. Lozano, M. Alsina, C. Tortajada, M. Plana, T. Gallart, C. Vidal, T. Pumarola, J. Mallolas, And J.M. Gatell The long-term incidence of lipodystrophy, hipercholesterolemia and hipertriglyceridemia was high in patients with PHI treated with this antiretroviral regimen. These findings should be taking into account in order to decide whether is necessary to initiate HAART in all patients soon after the PHI. |
| 13 | PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN A LARGE DIVERSE COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED PERSONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:77 (abstract no. 13) W. M. El-Sadr, G. Collins, S. Raghavan, C. Rappoport, C. Gibert, A. Carr, And G. Bartsch Prevalence of BHC in this cohort was lower than reported previously. Older age was associated with DM and CAD/STRK. BHC was reported among ART/EXP but not among ART/NAV pts. White race and duration of ART were associated with BHC while protease inhibitor use was not. |
| 14 | FACTORS RELATED TO THE PRESENCE OF FAT REDISTRIBUTION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTEASE INHIBITOR CONTAINING REGIMENS, APROCO COHORT, 1999. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:78 (abstract no. 14) M. Saves, F. Raffi, J. Capeau, J. M. Lang, D. Peyramond, A. Basdevant, S. Roloff, G. Chene, W. Rozenbaum, And The Aproco Study Group LD was evidenced in 60% of patients after one year of PI initiation. At M12, LD was associated with host factors. At M20, it was not possible to find predictive factors of LD. Immuno-virological characteristics at baseline and in response to HAART, type of PI used were not associated with a higher frequency of LD. Duration of exposure to the different antiretrovirals used will be further analyzed. |
| 15 | RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING LIPODYSTROPHY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING PROTEASE INHIBITORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:78 (abstract no. 15) E. Martinez, B. Perez, M. A. Garcia, J. L. Blanco, E. Buira, J. Mallolas, And J. M. Gatell Our results should be considered with caution as the incidence of LD may have been underscored. Although no definitive conclussion on the etiology of LD can be drawn from this study, we were able to identify several factors that distinguished those patients who developed LD from those who did not while receiving combined antirretroviral therapy including PI. |
| 16 | INCIDENCE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:78 (abstract no. 16) E. Martinez, M. A. Garcia, I. Conget, E. Buira, J. L. Blanco, J. Mallolas, J. M. Miro, R. Casamitjana, And J. M. Gatell The risk of developing DM in HIV-1 patients treated with PI was higher than in the general population, but it did not increase over time. Concurrent hyperlipidemia was common and the risk of subsequent lipodystrophy was high. Beta cell function was preserved and surprisingly we did not find evidence of insulin resistance. Need for insulin therapy decreased over time. |
| 17 | LIPODYSTROPHY AND METABOLIC DISORDERS IN 646 HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH OR WITHOUT A PROTEASE INHIBITOR. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:78 (abstract no. 17) F Boufassa1, A Dulioust2, As Lascaux3, L Bodart4, C Goujard5, And The Liposud Study Group Objectives: To compare the clinical and metabolic features in HIV-infected patients treated with PI to those who received antiretroviral regimen without protease inhibitor (PI). Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 646 treated HIV-infected patients, routinely followed in 6 Paris hospital centres between January and May |
| 18 | FAT DISTRIBUTION AND RETINOID-LIKE SYMPTOMS ARE INFREQUENT IN NRTI-EXPERIENCED SUBJECTS TREATED WITH AMPRENAVIR. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:78 (abstract no. 18) A. Fetter1, P. Nacci1, J. Lenhard1, A. White1, G. Pagano2, S. Dhamu2, And M. D.Rogers2 These data, collected prospectively in a large randomised study in antiretroviral-experienced subjects, provide clinical evidence to support the minimal effects of amprenavir versus indinavir on ATRA signalling and fat metabolism observed in preclinical studies. A significantly lower incidence of fat redistribution and retinoid-like symptoms was reported with amprenavir than with indinavir. Also, it is possible that excess natural retinoids in the diet or synthetic retinoids given in the clinic could exacerbate the above symptoms. |
| 19 | PREVALENCE OF LIPODYSTROPHY IN THE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF A CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS, ALBI TRIAL (ANRS 070). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:78 (abstract no. 19) J. M. Molina, E. Angelini, L. Cotte, J. M. Lang, P. Morlat, C. Rancinan, T. May, V. Journot, F. Raffi, B. Jarrousse, M. Grappin, G. Lepeu, G. Chene, And The Albi Study Group In the ALBI trial, overall prevalence of LD at M30 was 35%. It was twice higher in patients randomized in the d4T-ddI arm than in patients randomized in the other arms, although patients in other arms were switched more frequently to a PI-containing regimen. |
| 20 | LIPODYSTROPHY IN PI-NAÏVE PATIENTS TREATED WITH RTI COMBINATIONS: FREQUENCY AND RISK FACTORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:79 (abstract no. 20) C. Goujard1, A. S. Lascaux2, A. Dulioust3, F. Boue3, J. F. Delfraissy1, A. Sobel2, F. Boufassa1,4, And The Liposud Study Group This study confirms that typical LD features can be observed in PI-naïve pts, although less frequently than in pts treated with PI-including combinations. Use of stavudine and duration of previous treatment are associated with lipodystrophy occurrence. Although controversial, a NRTI mitochondrial toxicity has been proposed as a mechanism for LD in these patients. |
| 21 | INFLUENCE OF THYMIDINE ANALOGUES AND NNRTI CHOICE ON CHOLESTEROL LEVELS DURING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:79 (abstract no. 21) G. J. Moyle, C. Baldwin, S. Mandalia, and B. G. Gazzard Intervention range cholesterol levels are commonly observed during NNRTI therapy. On mulivariate analysis, lower CD4 values are associated with lower risk of cholesterol elevation during NNRTI therapy. No specific NA appeared associated with an increased risk of cholesterol elevation. |
| 22 | COMPARISON OF ABDOMINAL FAT DISTRIBUTION IN HIV+ PATIENTS, WITH AND WITHOUT CLINICAL FAT REDISTRIBUTION AND HIV- PATIENTS, USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:79 (abstract no. 22) P. Burn, S. Comitis, G. Moyle, Y. Miao, C. Baldwin, S. Mandalia, S. Padley, And B. Gazzard Patients with clinical fat redistribution are distinguishable from controls by VAT:TAT measurement. Abdominal fat accumulation can occur in patients taking anti-retroviral therapy independent of protease inhibitor therapy. |
| 23 | CLINICAL FACTORS RELATED TO THE SEVERITY OF FAT REDISTRIBUTION IN THE HIV OUTPATIENT STUDY (HOPS). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:79 (abstract no. 23) K. Lichtenstein1, D. Ward2, K. Delaney3, A. Moorman3, F. Palella4, B. Young1, K. Wood5, S. Holmberg3, And The Hops Investigators HIV-associated lipodystrophy is both frequent and apparently multifactorial in etiology. While likelihood of lipodystrophy increased and was associated most strongly with increasing patient age, the use of one protease inhibitor (PI) or one non-PI drug and several demographic, clinical, immunologic and virologic factors associated with length of time and severity of HIV infection were also associated with clinical lipodystrophy. |
| Session 5—Poster Abstracts Gender Differences in Body Habitus Changes/Fat Redirtribution |
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| 24 | PREVALENCE OF FAT DEPOSITION AND FAT ATROPHY IN A COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED MEN AND WOMEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:79 (abstract no. 24) C. Wanke, D. Jacobsen, T. Knox, And S. Gorbach Separate syndromes of FD and FA did occur in this cohort. FD was more common than FA and was more common in women than men. African-Americans appeared to be protected from FD. Simple anthropometric measures may be useful in the early identification of HIV-infected patients with FD or FA. |
| 25 | BODY HABITUS ASSESSMENTS IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:80 (abstract no. 25) J. Justman1, E. Smit2, A. Danoff1, R. Li2, M. Bacon3, B. Heikes4, J. Dehovitz5, K. Mulligan6, And M. Cohen7 Body changes, including dorsocervical fat pads, were reported among both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women, and among women in all ART categories. Examiner-reported fat pads were more prevalent among obese women. Subjective assessments of body habitus changes by either self-report or non-blinded clinician are associated with ART, however, these findings are not supported by objective data. Although this discrepancy highlights the need to interpret ART-associated changes in body habitus with caution, these changes may be occurring in a subset of women on ART. |
| 26 | GENDER DIFFERENCES IN HIV-ASSOCIATED ADIPOSE REDISTRIBUTION SYNDROME: AN UPDATE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:80 (abstract no. 26) N. Muurahainen1, G. Santos2, M. Kleintop1, R. Pettit1, J. Balser1, J. Falutz3, M. Glesby4, D. Kotler5, and the SALSA Investigators Group When surveyed using the same methodology, M & F with HARS present with different patterns of morphologic and metabolic abnormalities. Additional investigation is needed to delineate the extent to which these gender differences may be attributable to drug, immunologic, hormonal, or other parameters. |
| 27 | GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PREVALENCE OF BODY HABITUS CHANGES AND METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN HIV + AFRICAN AMERICAN AND LATINO INDIVIDUALS FROM HARLEM. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:80 (abstract no. 27) S. Raghavan1, A. H. Aidary2, K. Lester2, S. Santos2, J. Wang3, F. Medard1, And W. El-Sadr1 Significantly higher prevalence of abdominal girth, above normal waist/hip ratio, and higher waist/thigh ratio were only found in PI using versus Non-PI using men, and not in PI& Non-PI using women. Hyperglycemia was noted only in PI using men. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia is lower in PI using men than published reports. |
| 28 | CUMULATIVE TIME-DEPENDENT PROBABILITY OF DEVELOPING FAT TISSUE ALTERATIONS IN FEMALE PATIENTS TREATED WITH COMBINED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:80 (abstract no. 28) M. Galli, A. L. Ridolfo, L. Ravasio, C. Gervasoni, L. Corsico, F. Adorni1, S. Santambrogio, A. D’Arminio Monforte, And M. Moroni1 FTA is a frequent untoward effect of ART in females. FR, including breast enlargement in the majority of cases, is the earliest manifestation and frequently occurs also in pts not receiving PIs. LD generally needs longer period of treatment to develop and may be observed also PI-naïve pts treated with NRTI combinations. |
| Session 6—Poster Abstracts Cardiovascular Complications of Antiretroviral Therapy |
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| 29 | ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 PROTEASE INHIBITORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:80 (abstract no. 29) J. M. Sosman, M. A. Klein, J. L. Bellehumeur, S. E. Aeschlimann, And J. H. Stein Use of HIV-1 protease inhibitors is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The metabolic and phenotypic changes observed with these medications may predispose to atherosclerosis and increased vascular risk. |
| 30 | NONINVASIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CAROTID AND FEMORAL ARTERIES IN PROTEASE-INHIBITOR-TREATED HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 30) M. Depairon, S. Chessex, A. Telenti, P. Sudre, J. P. Chave, R. Darioli, And V. Mooser In conclusion, this ongoing study reveals a high prevalence of plaques within femoral and carotid arteries in HIV-infected subjects. However, this prevalence does not seem to be increased by PIs. Duration of PI-therapy was short, however, and long-term follow-up of this cohort will be of importance. |
| 31 | DIAGNOSIS AND DETERMINANTS OF SUBCLINICAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN HIV1-INFECTED PATIENTS ON HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 31) N. Cheminot1, J. Gariepy2, G. Chironi2, L. Escaut1, D. Vittecoq1, And A. Simon2 We showed that an early carotid wall thickening is present in HAART exposed patients and mainly mediated by certain but not all metabolic disturbances of insulinoresistance. |
| 32 | A PILOT STUDY OF CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN TREATED WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 32) J. S. Currier, D. L. Johnson, M. Dube, and H. Hodis In this small matched case control study, despite the higher rates of abnormal lipids, no differences were observed in IMT values (p=ns). While limited by the small sample size, there was no evidence of accelerated atherosclerosis among women on PI for a mean of 12 months. Larger studies with longer term follow-up are needed. |
| 33 | DO PROTEASE INHIBITORS INCREASE THE RISK FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE AMONG HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS? ADDITIONAL FOLLOW-UP. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 33) D. Klein1, L. Hurley2, And S. Sidney2 In our ongoing study, our data continue to suggest that PI use does not increase short-term risk for CHD. As in all patients with multiple risk factors for CHD, risk reduction management is warranted. |
| 34 | MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION INCIDENCE IN CLINICAL TRIALS OF 4 PROTEASE INHIBITORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 34) P. Coplan1, K. Cormier2, A. Japour3, H. Maradit-Kremers4, A. Nikas1, R. Lewis2, And Y. Xu3 The data suggest that the risk of MI is not increased by PI therapy in approximately 12 months of follow-up. |
| 35 | DETECTION OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN PROTEASE INHIBITOR TREATED HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH HYPERLIPEMIA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 35) C. Lenormand-Walckenaer, V. Joly, S. Matheron, K. Chemlal, M. H. Prevot, And D. Le Guludec In conclusion, by using the most sensitive noninvasive method (SPECT), CAD was not detected in asymptomatic patients with hyperlipemia following a mean exposure of 30 months to PI therapy. |
| 36 | HYPERTENSION IN HIV PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC DYSREGULATION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:82 (abstract no. 36) DL Johnson, D Qian, W Briggs, S Louie, M Dube, and FR Sattler Elevated BP was present in the cohort significantly more often than in the HIV+ controls, which were more hypertensive than the HIV-neg controls. Thus, HTN may be a component of metabolic dysregulation in HIV, as in Syndrome X, and may occur prior to lipodystrophy. |
| Session 7—Poster Abstracts Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of Metabolic Abnormalities |
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| 37 | HIGH FAT DIET AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OBESITY INCREASE THE EFFECTS OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS ON METABOLISM IN MICE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:82 (abstract no. 37) J. Lenhard, D. Croom, J. Binz, E. Furfine, D. Reynolds, A. Spaltenstein, And J. Weiel These observations indicate that dietary fat and obesity can influence an individual's susceptibility the effects of PIs on metabolism. Moreover, each PIs caused different effects on lipid metabolism, indicating the various Pis do not affect the same metabolic pathways. |
| 38 | POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN INDINAVIR AND RETINOIC ACID EFFECTS IN MICE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:82 (abstract no. 38) J. Lenhard, D. Croom, J. Binz, And R. Jain The results show IDV and ATRA cause similar side effects in mice. Although it is possible that IDV and ATRA do not interact with all of the same proteins, these drugs may bind to one or more common proteins (such as cytosolic retinoic acid binding protein, CRABP) accounting for some of their similar effects in vivo. |
| 39 | NELFINAVIR AND RITONAVIR STIMULATE TRIGLYCERIDE PRODUCTION IN HEPATIC CELLS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:82 (abstract no. 39) D. Winegar, B. Koszalka, And J. Lenhard Treatment with certain HIV protease inhibitors is often accompanied by elevations in serum triglycerides and cholesterol. Among the drugs used, ritonavir, the combination ritonavir/saquinavir and nelfinavir are often associated with increases in both triglyceride and cholesterol levels. In HepG2 cells, ritonavir and nelfinavir significantly increased the synthesis and secretion of triglycerides. Stimulation of triglyceride synthesis and secretion in hepatic cells may, in part, explain the elevation in serum triglycerides observed with protease inhibitor therapy. |
| 40 | DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SAQUINAVIR ON GLUCOSE TRANSPORT IN A VARIETY OF CELL CULTURES. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:82 (abstract no. 40) S. P. Colby-Germinario, A. Brewer, M. A. Wainberg, And R. J. Germinario The data indicate that cells representative of different tissues in vivo respond differently to the protease inhibitor S and studies of combinations of other protease inhibitors with nucleoside and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors could help elucidate the site(s) involved in treatment-related complications in AIDS. |
| 41 | EFAVIRENZ INCREASES DYSLIPIDEMIA AND HEPATOMEGALY, AND ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF MICE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:83 (abstract no. 41) J. Lenhard, D. Spencer, D. Croom, And J. Weiel In contrast to the reported effects of PIs (e.g., amprenavir) in AKR/J mice fed a low fat diet, EFV treatment results in elevation of serum lipid levels. These effects may be due to altered production of proteins in fat (e.g., FAS and TNF-α) or liver that regulate lipid metabolism. EFV does not affect ketogenesis or HMG CoA synthase expression, suggesting EFV may not cause hyperlipidemia by altering mitochondrial function. |
| 42 | MITOCHONDRIAL FAT OXIDATION IS NOT REDUCED IN HIV-ASSOCIATED DYSLIPIDAEMIA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:83 (abstract no. 42) J. F. Morlese1, L. J. Ware2, M. Kruger2, A. Pozniak1, B. Gazzard1, A. A. Jackson2, And S. A. Wootton2 Net lipid oxidation was significantly greater in the dyslipidaemia group compared with the control group. There was no difference in the recovery of tracer between the three groups. Thus, the absence of a decrease in the amount of lipid oxidised in the dyslipidaemia group indicates that nucleoside associated mitochondrial damage may not be the major pathogenic mechanism. |
| 43 | LEPTIN AND SOLUBLE LEPTIN RECEPTOR LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL FAT REDISTRIBUTION AND METABOLIC DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED WITH HIV THERAPY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:81 (abstract no. 43) G. M. N. Behrens, A. Widjaja, G. Brabant, M. Stoll, And R. E. Schmidt Treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI) may induce lipodystrophy (LD), hyperlipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance due to insulin resistance. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone interacting with specific receptors located in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue. Its likely involvement in lipid abnormalities often seen with antiretroviral therapy has not been investigated. Here we evaluated bound leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels with specific radioimmunoassays in HIV patients treated with PI's in comparison to PI naïve and healthy control subjects. |
| 44 | WHY SOME FAT DEPOTS WASTE BUT OTHERS EXPAND IN PATIENTS USING PROTEASE INHIBITORS: HYPOTHESIS AND SUPPORTING DATA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:83 (abstract no. 44) W. J. Fessel The findings support the hypothesis; further studies are being made. |
| Session 8—Poster Abstracts Metabolic Complications: Effects of Switching Antiretroviral Therapy and Other Interventions |
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| 45 | A PROSPECTIVE OPEN LABEL PILOT TRIAL OF A MAINTENANCE NEVIRAPINE (NVP)-CONTAINING REGIMEN IN PATIENTS WITH UNDETECTABLE VIRAL LOADS (VL) ON PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI) REGIMENS FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:83 (abstract no. 45) P. Tebas, K. Yarasheski, W. G. Powderly, E. Kane, D. Marin, J. Simpson, S. Claxton, M. Klebert, And K. Henry Switching to a NVP containing regimen maintains full virologic suppression in patients on their first successful PI containing regimen. Further follow up is required to assess the durability of this strategy beyond 24 weeks. Hypertryglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia and alterations of the glucose metabolism improved quickly after the switch to NVP suggesting a central role of PIs in the pathogenesis of these metabolic complications. No changes were observed in the fat redistribution syndrome at this early point. |
| 46 | IDENTIFICATION OF FAT REDISTRIBUTION/METABOLIC ANOMALIES IN A COHORT TREATED BY 2 NRTIs + 1 PI, AND ABSENCE OF SIGNIFICANT MODIFICATION FOLLOWING PI-SUBSTITUTION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:84 (abstract no. 46) S. Gharakhanian, Y. Salhi, N. Adda, C. Vigouroux, J. Capeau, And W. Rozenbaum Fat redistribution is a chronic condition defined by clinical & laboratory anomalies. PI-substitution with efavirenz does not seem to lead to significant improvement of clinical or biological anomalies. |
| 47 | IMPROVEMENT OF LIPODYSTROPHY IN HIV-1 INFECTED SUBJECTS SWITCHING FROM 2NRTI/PI TO 2NRTI/ABACAVIR (FRENCH SUBSTUDY, CNA30017). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:84 (abstract no. 47) W. Rozenbaum1‚2, J. M. Molina2, J. F.Delfraissy2, M. Bentata2, P. De Truchis2, and Z. Antoun3 Preliminary week 12 results show that pts in the PI group continue to experience TG elevations, glucose intolerance and clinical signs of lipodystrophy. Whereas, stabilisation of TG level and improvment of glucose metobolism and of some morphologic anomalies are observed in ABC group. |
| 48 | PARTIAL IMPROVEMENT OF LIPODYSTROPHY AFTER SWITCHING FROM HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI) TO EFAVIRENZ (EFV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:84 (abstract no. 48) P. Viciana, A. Alarcon, D. Martin, P. Serrano, L. F. Lopez-Cortes, E. Cordero, And M. J. Gomez-Vera The strategy of substitution from PI to EFV maintains virological and inmunological response, but only a slightly reduction in fat redistribution. Mild elevations in lipids may also occur during the first 6 months. |
| 49 | EVOLUTION OF LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME AND LIPIDIC PROFILE IN HIV PATIENTS AFTER SWITCHING FROM PROTEASE INHIBITORS TO EFAVIRENZ. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:84 (abstract no. 49) E. Bonnet, R. Lepec, M. Bluteau, R. Herve, J. Bernard, B. Perret, J. Izopet, And P. Massip As mentioned in other studies, no improvement is observed in lipidic abnormalities and lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-patients switching from PI to a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Although values of virologic and immunologic parameters were maintained and compliance was very good. |
| 50 | IMPACT OF SWITCHING FROM HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI) TO EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IN PATIENTS WITH LIPODYSTROPHY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:84 (abstract no. 50) E. Martinez, J. L. Blanco, M. A. Garcia, E. Buira, L. Bianchi, I. Conget, R. Casamitjana, And J. M. Gatell Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and abdominal obesity may improve after 6 months of switching from PI to EFV, whereas CD4 response and viral suppression remain preserved. |
| 51 | A NOVEL USE OF ABACAVIR TO SIMPLIFY THERAPY IN PI-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH HAART: CNA30017. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:84 (abstract no. 51) F. Goebel And R. K. Walli for the CNA30017 Study Team Preliminary 24 week data indicate sustained virological suppression following a switch from PI-based HAART regimens to a simplified triple NRTI combination containing ABC, with the additional benefits of a trend in lower TG/CHOL levels and an improvement in IS. |
| 52 | REVERSIBILITY OF PERIPHERAL FAT WASTING (LIPOATROPHY) ON STOPPING STAVUDINE THERAPY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:85 (abstract no. 52) T. Saint-Marc, M. Partisani, I. Poizot-Martin, And J. L. Touraine These data suggest that ceasing stavudine therapy for 9 months resulted in improvements in metabolic and body fat abnormalities. The reversibility of the symptoms further supports the potential role of stavudine in the pathogenesis of a peripheral fat wasting syndrome. |
| 53 | METABOLIC AND MORPHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF BENFLUOREX IN 25 HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH LIPODYSTROPHY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:85 (abstract no. 53) I. Poizot-Martin1, D. Di Stefano Louineau2, J. Fabre-Monges1, T. Dinh1, H. Bellon1, J. C. Manelli3, P. H. Vague4, M. P. Drogoul-Vey1, C. Dhiver1, K. Montcerisier1, And J. A. Gastaut1 Benfluorex is effective on impaired glucose tolerance and insulinoresistance. The effects on lipid metabolism is inconstant. Up to now, no reversibility on fat distribution has been observed. Study is ongoing. |
| 54 | RESISTANCE EXERCISE TRAINING REDUCES HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA IN HIV-INFECTED MEN TREATED WITH ANTIVIRAL THERAPY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:85 (abstract no. 54) K. E. Yarasheski, P. Tebas, B. Stanerson, D. Marin, S. Claxton, M. Kennedy, W. Tantisiriwat, And W. G. Powderly 4 months of progressive resistance exercise training reduced serum triglyceride levels, increased muscle strength and lean mass in HIV-infected men with baseline hypertriglyceridemia. Adipose tissue mass and distribution were not changed. This implies that exercise training-induced improvements in lean tissue mass may promote triglyceride clearance from the circulation of hypertriglyceridemic HIV-infected men treated with antiviral therapy. |
| Session 9—Poster Abstracts Complications of Therapy: Mitochondrial Dysfunction/Lactic Acidosis |
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| 55 | DIFFERENCES IN ANION GAP WITH DIFFERENT NUCLEOSIDE RTI COMBINATIONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:85 (abstract no. 55) R. Moore, J. Keruly, And R. Chaisson d4T/3TC use is associated with a significantly higher AG distribution than other dual RTI use. Whether this difference has clinical significance is not known but may indicate a higher incidence of lactic acidosis. |
| 56 | HYPERLACTATEMIA IN 20 PATIENTS RECEIVING NRTI COMBINATION REGIMENS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:85 (abstract no. 56) J. T. Lonergan, D. Havlir, C. Behling, H. Pfander, T. Hassanein, And W. C. Mathews Our observations extend the spectrum of the NRTI-induced lactic acidosis/hepatic steatosis syndrome by the identification of a subtler and perhaps an earlier presentation with characteristic symptoms and laboratory abnormalities, and favorable prognosis upon discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Increased use of d4T and combination NRTIs may contribute to the higher incidence observed in our population. |
| 57 | HYPERLACTATEMIA AND ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE SWISS HIV COHORT STUDY (SHCS). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:86 (abstract no. 57) K. Boubaker, P. Sudre, M. Flepp, H-J. Furrer, A. Haensel, B. Hirschel, K. Boggian, J-P. Chave, E. Bernasconi, M. Opravil, M. Rickenbach, And A. Telenti Hyperlactatemia is a frequent laboratory abnormality among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Risk factors are being analyzed. |
| 58 | NEAR-FATAL METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, LIVER FAILURE IN MITOCHONDRIAL (mt) DNA DEPLETION IN AN HIV-INFECTED CHILD TREATED WITH COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:86 (abstract no. 58) J. Church, W. Mitchell, I. Gonzalez-Gomez, R. Boles, R. Wetzel, And T. Vu In conclusion, this is the first child reported with these ART-associated complications, and one of the few patients to have survived. |
| 59 | FOUR CASES OF FATAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS DUE TO MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY OF NRTI TREATMENT: ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL FEATURES AND RISK FACTORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:86 (abstract no. 59) H. Ter Hofstede1, S. De Marie2, N. Foudraine3, S. Danner3, And K. Brinkman1‚4 Lactic acidosis occurred after months of NRTI therapy in patients who had already suffered other forms of NRTI toxicity. Concomitant diseases or co-medication might have aggravated the mitochondrial toxicity of the NRTIs. Screening methods to detect mitochondrial toxicity are necessary, since lactic acidosis occurs rather unexpectedly, with a rapid, fatal course. |
| Session 10—Poster Abstracts Rashes, Diarrhea, and Other Complications of Antiretroviral Therapy |
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| 60 | HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS DURING THERAPY WITH ABACAVIR: ANALYSIS OF 636 CASES FOR CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RISK FACTORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:86 (abstract no. 60) S. Hetherington, H. Steel, O. Naderer, A. Cutrell, W. Powell, And R. Sykes Abacavir (ABC) is a 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside analogue approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Most side effects are generally mild, transient, and include nausea, vomiting and malaise. During clinical trials, several patients developed an idiosyncratic reaction of hypersensitivity (HSR) that resolved on discontinuation, but returned with greater severity of symptoms on reintroduction of ABC. |
| 61 | SULFA-ASSOCIATED RASH AND RACE ARE RISK FACTORS FOR NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NNRTI)-ASSOCIATED RASH. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:86 (abstract no. 61) M. Derisi, C. Ballard, K. Abulhosn, B. Colwell, E. Barber, And W. C. Mathews The incidence of NNRTI-associated rash is significantly influenced by sulfa history and Hispanic race. Gender, CD4 count, and choice of NNRTI were not found to be significant predictors. |
| 62 | CHARACTERIZATION OF NELFINAVIR (NFV)-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA: SECRETORY VERSUS OSMOTIC. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:87 (abstract no. 62) A. Andrade1, C. Sears1, P. Rufo2, W. Lencer2, And C. Flexner1 Fecal electrolytes and osmotic gap were most suggestive of a secretory mechanism, consistent with in vitro results, Four of five subjects had an approximate 50% reduction in stool weight while hospitalized, possibly secondary to the controlled diet. A better understanding of this condition may lead to treatments that minimize NFV associated diarrhea. |
| 63 | SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN PROTEASE INHIBITOR RECIPIENTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:87 (abstract no. 63) A. Colson1, P. Sax1‚2, M. Keller3, R. Platt1‚2, and P. Choo1 Protease inhibitor therapy may be associated with sexual dysfunction in men. This hypothesis warrants further investigation. |
| 64 | NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) ARE PROTECTIVE AGAINST THE IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF ADEFOVIR (ADV) MEDIATED BY THE HUMAN RENAL ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 1 (hOAT1). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:87 (abstract no. 64) A. Mulato, E. Ho, And T. Cihlar In conclusion, these observations suggest that NSAIDs may reduce or delay the emergence of nephrotoxicity in AIDS patients on ADV therapy. |
| Session 11—Poster Abstracts Complications of Antiretroviral Therapies in Children |
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| 65 | CHANGES IN REGIONAL FAT DISTRIBUTION IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:87 (abstract no. 65) S. Arpadi, P. Cuff, D. Kotler, M. Horlick, J. Wang, And S. Heshka A pattern of regional fat distribution previously identified as a risk factor for atherosclerosis is found in HIV-infected children. Treatment related improvements in immune function appear to be associated with these changes. |
| 66 | BLOOD LIPID LEVELS AND BODY COMPOSITION IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN TREATED WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:87 (abstract no. 66) A. Melvin, S. Lennon, K. Mohan, And J. Purnell HIV-infected children treated with PIs demonstrate increased levels of total and LDL cholesterol with a significant number having levels for which intervention is recommended. |
| 67 | IS LACTIC ACID A PREDICTOR OF MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ARV-EXPOSED NONINFECTED INFANTS? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:88 (abstract no. 67) C. Giaquinto, A. De Romeo, V. Giacomet, E. Ruga, A. B. Burlina, A. De Rossi, And R. D'Elia LA level is abnormal in the first months of life in most children exposed to ARVs perinatally. Our findings showed that there is no correlation between high level and clinical signs and symptoms. However a longer follow up is needed. |
| 68 | ASSESSING THE TERATOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS: DATA FROM THE ANTIRETROVIRAL PREGNANCY REGISTRY (APR). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:88 (abstract no. 68) P. M. Garcia1, D. H. Watts2, H. E. Fox3, R. Samelson4, E. Rodriguez5, C. Schwamlein6, And J. Elder7 For The Apr To date, registry data demonstrate no increase in the prevalence of birth defects among first trimester zidovudine monotherapy exposures, although the power to detect such an increase is limited. Accumulated cases of exposures to other antiretroviral agents are, as yet, insufficient to make reliable assessments of fetal risk. Prospective reports of antiretroviral exposures are critically important to determine their teratogenic potential and can be made by calling (800) 258-4263. |
| Session 12—Poster Abstracts Adherence to Chemotherapeutic Regimens |
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| 69 | ADHERENCE AND VIRAL LOAD IN HIV-INFECTED DRUG USERS: COMPARISON OF SELF-REPORT AND MEDICATION EVENT MONITORS (MEMS). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:88 (abstract no. 69) J. Arnsten1, P. Demas1, M. Gourevitch1, D. Buono1, H. Farzadegan2, And E. Schoenbaum1 HIV viral load is more strongly associated with 1 week adherence than 1 day adherence for SR and MEMS, demonstrating the advantage of 1 week estimates. SR overestimates MEMS, and high SR adherence is less predictive of virologic suppression than high MEMS adherence. Treatment of cocaine dependence may increase adherence in HIV-infected drug users. |
| 70 | PROVIDER ESTIMATE (PE) AND STRUCTURED PATIENT REPORT (SPR) OF ADHERENCE COMPARED WITH UNANNOUNCED PILL COUNT. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:88 (abstract no. 70) D. R. Bangsberg, F. M. Hecht, H. Clague, E. Charlebois, D. Ciccarone, M. Chesney PE was inaccurate, while SPR was closely related to UPC. Almost half of the patients thought to be Ad by their providers were NAd by UPC. SPR over several short intervals may improve the accuracy of Ad assessment in routine clinical practice. |
| 71 | IMPACT OF DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY ON OUTCOMES IN HIV CLINICAL TRIALS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:89 (abstract no. 71) M. Fischl1, A. Rodriguez1, E. Scerpella1, R. Monroig1, L. Thompson1, And D. Rechtine2 Despite lower CD4 cell and higher HIV RNA levels, subjects receiving DOT had both a more rapid and a greater overall decline in HIV RNA during treatment. This was associated with a greater increase in CD4 cells and less serious toxicities. |
| 72 | PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE WITH TRIPLE COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:89 (abstract no. 72) V. Montessori, K. V. Heath, B. Yip, R. S. Hogg, M. V. O'shaughnessy, And J. S. G. Montaner These findings demonstrate that patient characteristics and disease stage may play an important role in the ability to comply with complex therapeutic regimens. Particular attention should be paid to designing therapeutic regimens for individuals who are current or former injection drug users who, in this study, were half as likely to be 95% or more adherent to therapy as those who had never used injection drugs. Moreover, physicians with greater experience in treating HIV disease may have greater success in maintaining patients on prescribed therapy. |
| 73 | NONADHERENCE TO TRIPLE COMBINATION THERAPY IS PREDICTIVE OF AIDS PROGRESSION AND DEATH IN HIV-POSITIVE MEN AND WOMEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:89 (abstract no. 73) R. S. Hogg, B. Yip, K. Chan, M. V. O'shaughnessy, And J. S. G. Montaner This study demonstrates that non-adherent participants are more likely to progress than adherent ones. In particular, we found that with every 10% decline in adherence among program participants there was a 16% increase in the rate of mortality. |
| 74 | APPLICATION AND OUTCOME OF TWO STRATEGIES TO INCREASE HIV MEDICATION ADHERENCE: LIFE-STEPS AND MEDICATION MONITORING. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:89 (abstract no. 74) S. A. Safren1,2, M. W. Otto1, J. L. Worth1, W. A. Johnson2, S. Boswell2, And K. Mayer2 Even minimal interventions (e.g., having patients monitor their medications) may help many individuals increase their HIV medication adherence, whereas skills-building interventions may be more appropriate for faster improvement for persons with identified adherence problems. |
| Session 13—Poster Abstracts Pharmacology: Drug Interactions |
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| 75 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:89 (abstract no. 75) |
| 76 | EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS OR STAGGERED DOSING OF SAQUINAVIR (SQV), RITONAVIR (RTV), AND NELFINAVIR (NFV) ON PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) INTERACTIONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:89 (abstract no. 76) T. Blaschke1, C. Flexner2, L. Sheiner3, And S. Rosenkranz4 The AUC of SQV is smaller when given before the metabolic inhibitors RTV and NFV. RTV increases SQV and NFV AUCs; the effect lasts beyond the time that RTV can be measured in plasma. NFV and RTV AUCs were not influenced by simultaneous vs staggered dosing. |
| 77 | PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) DRUG-INTERACTION BETWEEN AMPRENAVIR (APV) AND RITONAVIR (RTV) IN HIV-SERONEGATIVE SUBJECTS AFTER MULTIPLE, ORAL DOSING. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:90 (abstract no. 77) B. M. Sadler1, P. J. Piliero2, S. L. Preston2, L. Yu1, And D. S. Stein1 RTV causes a clinically significant increase in APV exposure. Elevations in triglycerides and LFTs were observed on RTV and not on APV. Clinical safety and efficacy data are not available on the simulated regimens. Further modeling will be used to optimize the dose of RTV in APV regimens. |
| 78 | THE ADDITION OF A SECOND PROTEASE INHIBITOR ELIMINATES AMPRENAVIR-EFAVIRENZ DRUG INTERACTIONS AND INCREASES PLASMA AMPRENAVIR CONCENTRATIONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:90 (abstract no. 78) S. Piscitelli, C. Bechtel, B. Sadler, J. Falloon, And The Intramural Aids Program The addition of RTV or NFV markedly increased APV levels, and these increased levels are unaffected by concomitant EFV. These data suggest that a once-daily regimen of RTV and APV will be effective. |
| 79 | PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE TRIPLE COMBINATION OF SAQUINAVIR, RITONAVIR, AND EFAVIRENZ IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:90 (abstract no. 79) C. W. Hendrix, W. D. Fiske, E. J. Fuchs, E. C. Redpath, D. L. Stevenson, I. H. Benedek, And D. M. Kornhauser The data indicate that SQV is not affected by EFV when RTV is coadministered. Doubling the SQV dose to 800 mg q12h appears to be unnecessary since it produces a less than proportional increase in SQV AUC0-24, and may affect the PK of RTV and EFV. |
| 80 | DONUT: THE PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) OF ONCE DAILY NEVIRAPINE (NVP) AND EFAVIRENZ (EFV) WHEN USED IN COMBINATION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:90 (abstract no. 80) A. I. Veldkamp1, R. M. W. Hoetelmans1, J. H. Beijnen1, M. Harris2, J. S. G. Montaner2, M. Youle3, W. Hutman4, H. Carlier5, B. Gazzard6, And J. M. A. Lange7 NVP PK are not affected by the coadministration of EFV. The exposure to EFV, however, is significantly decreased by approximately 22% (measured as AUC), and 36% (measured as Cmin) when combined with NVP. It may be appropriate to increase the dose of EFV to 800 mg qd. |
| 81 | THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS WHEN COADMINISTERED WITH THE HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR TIPRANAVIR IN HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:90 (abstract no. 81) L. Phillips1, M. T. Borin2, N. K. Hopkins2, C. L. Daenzer2, And Y. Wang2 These findings show that TPV decreases the steady-state plasma concentrations of ddI, d4T, 3TC, and ZDV. The observed differences (15% to 46% decrease) in NRTI concentrations are not of clinical importance, and therefore, TPV can be combined with these agents. |
| 82 | PILOT STUDY OF BID AND TID COMBINATIONS OF SAQUINAVIR-SGC (S), DELAVIRDINE (D), ZIDOVUDINE (ZDV) & LAMIVUDINE (3TC) AS INITIAL THERAPY: PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) INTERACTION BETWEEN S-SGC AND D. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:90 (abstract no. 82) S. Cox1, B. Conway2, W. Freimuth1, E. Berber3, L. Paxton1, B. Carel1, L. Nieto4, C. Rivera5, M. Wolff6, J. Benetucci7, P. Cahn8, And K. Williams9 For The 0081 Study Group Combination therapy of S-SGC with D allows the use of a lower total daily dose of S-SGC in a bid regimen with no reduction in S systemic exposure. Systemic D exposure is similar between the 600mg bid and 400mg tid regimens. |
| 83 | PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) INTERACTION OF AG1549, A NOVEL NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NNRTI), WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:91 (abstract no. 83) M. Jacobs1, G. Leoung1, B. Dezube2, C. Hendrix3, T. Dahl4, T. Wong4, T. Fujiwara5, M. Amantea6, P. Hawley6, And L.Paradiso6 In comparison to other trials where AG1549 was used without a PI, it appears nelfinavir increases the concentration of AG1549 by approximately two-fold. AG1549 administered twice daily in the presence of nelfinavir is well tolerated and achieves target antiviral concentrations. |
| 84 | EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EMIVIRINE + COMBIVIR OR INDINAVIR FOLLOWING STEADY-STATE ADMINISTRATION IN HEALTHY MALE AND FEMALE VOLUNTEERS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:91 (abstract no. 84) M. R. Blum, G. E. Chittick, D. J. Kargl, J. Walsh, B. Lampert, And L. H. Wang The PK results indicate that at steady-state, Combivir does not affect EMV PK and EMV does not affect 3TC PK. At steady-state EMV increased ZDV AUC0-τ by ~40% but had no effect on ZDV Cmax,ss. Thus, EMV can be administered with ZDV and 3TC without dosage adjustment. IDV inhibited the metabolism of EMV resulting in an 88.5% increase in EMV AUC, while EMV induced the metabolism of IDV resulting in a 74.5% reduction in IDV AUC. Because of the significant PK interaction, EMV should not be combined with IDV in a single PI containing regimen. |
| 85 | ABACAVIR (ABC) AND EFAVIRENZ (EFV) PHARMACOKINETICS (PK) IN ADEFOVIR (ADV)-CONTAINING SALVAGE REGIMENS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:91 (abstract no. 85) G. Morse, K. Squires, S. Hammer, M. Fischl, V. Degruttola, And The Actg 372 And 368 Protocal Teams These data indicate that ABC PK in ADV-containing regimens were similar to indinavir/ABC regimens and to prior ABC PK data (mean C1: 10.3 L/hr). ADV PK were similar to prior data for non-ABC or non-EFV regimens. |
| 86 | PHARMACOKINETICS OF ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL (ADV) IN COMBINATION WITH SAQUINAVIR (SQV), INDINAVIR (IDV), EFAVIRENZ (EFV), DELAVIRDINE (DLV), DIDANOSINE (DDI), OR LAMIVUDINE (3TC) IN NORMAL VOLUNTEERS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:91 (abstract no. 86) B. P. Kearney, T. Reul, R. Coleman, D. Mcnaughton, D. Coakley, And K. C. Cundy There was no evidence of clinically significant drug interactions between ADV and a wide range of antiretroviral drugs. A slight increase in ddI exposure may have resulted from competition for a common active tubular secretion pathway. |
| 87 | PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) AND PHARMACODYNAMIC (PD) INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NELFINAVIR AND METHADONE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:91 (abstract no. 87) P. H. Hsyu1, J. H. Lillibridge1, L. Maroldo2, W. R. Weiss1, And B. M. Kerr1 Treatment with NFV appeared to have no impact on the maintenance dose of MD, although NFV reduced the levels of MD. |
| 88 | MANAGING METHADONE AND NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS: GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:91 (abstract no. 88) P. H. Hsyu1, J. H. Lillibridge1, L. Maroldo2, W. R. Weiss1, And B. M. Kerr1 Nevirapine and efavirenz are potent inducers of the Cytochrome P450 enzyme system, and anecdotal reports suggest they may produce symptoms of methadone withdrawal when prescribed to injection drug users on methadone maintenance therapy. Two studies were designed to determine the pharmacokinetics of methadone when combined with either EFV or NVP. |
| 89 | NEVIRAPINE (VIRAMUNE, NVP) AND ETHINYL ESTRADIOL/NORETHINDRONE [ORTHO-NOVUM 1/35 (21 PACK) EE/NET] INTERACTION STUDY IN HIV-1 INFECTED-WOMEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:92 (abstract no. 89) G. Leitz1, D. Mildvan2, M. Mcdonough1, M. Lamson1, J. Pav1, H. Hutman3, R. Yarrish2, And P. Robinson1 NVP administration resulted in a modest increase in clearance of EE and NET. The effect of NVP on EE/NET is consistent with P450 induction of CYP3A4. The PK data suggests that oral contraceptives should not be used as the primary means of contraception when NVP is prescribed to women of childbearing potential. |
| 90 | STEADY-STATE PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION OF MODIFIED-DOSE INDINAVIR AND RIFABUTIN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:92 (abstract no. 90) F. Hamzeh1, C. Benson2, J. Gerber2, J. Currier3, J. Mccrea4, P. Deutsch4, P. Ruan5, H. Wu5, And C. Flexner1 for the ACTG 365 Study Team IDV 1000 mg q8h co-administered with 150 mg RBT qd produced an AUC similar to IDV 800 mg q8h. The steady-state PK of IDV was not different when RBT was simultaneously administered or staggered. These data suggest that increasing IDV's dose to 1000 mg q8h compensates for the reduction in AUC that results from p450 induction by RBT. Rifabutin PK data are being evaluated. |
| 91 | A PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) STUDY OF INTERMITTENT RIFABUTIN (RB) DOSING WITH A COMBINATION OF RITONAVIR (RT) AND SAQUINAVIR (SQ) IN HIV PATIENTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:92 (abstract no. 91) K. Gallicano1, Y. Khaliq1, I. Seguin1, K. Fyke1, G. Carignan1, A. Tseng2, S. Walmsley2, And D. W. Cameron1 RB exposures were similar at 4 and 8 wk, and had minimal effect on RT and SQ exposures. Peak and trough RB levels in both groups were comparable to but D-RB exposures were much higher than those reported for HIV patients taking RB 300 mg daily in the absence of PIs. Clinical consequences of lower RB and D-RB troughs in Gp A remain to be evaluated, but the high D-RB exposures may compensate for lower RB exposures. Over 8 wk, intermittent RB dosing (150 mg q3d or 300 mg q7d) provides a safe and manageable regimen for concurrent therapy with RT/SQ, which is highly relevant to treatment and prophylaxis of MAC and TB in HIV. |
| 92 | MEFLOQUINE DECREASES RITONAVIR EXPOSURE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:92 (abstract no. 92) Y. Khaliq, K. Gallicano, D. W. Cameron, G. Carignan, I. Seguin, K. Fyke, And A. Mccarthy RTV did not appear to inhibit MFQ metabolism. However, MFQ decreased RTV concentrations during concomitant administration. MFQ can be administered safely in combination with RTV at the studied dosing regimens. The ability of MFQ to induce CYP 3A4 may warrant investigation. |
| Session 14—Poster Abstracts Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Drugs |
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| 93 | CELLULAR INFLUX/EFFLUX OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN VITRO. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:92 (abstract no. 93) D. Back, K. Jones, B. Maher, And P. Hoggard This cell approach gives important information about IC kinetics but we need data in patients in order to relate drug levels to issues such as sanctuary sites and failure. |
| 94 | A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTRACELLULAR ZIDOVUDINE (ZDV-TP) AND LAMIVUDINE TRIPHOSPHATE (3TC-TP) CONCETRATIONS IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:93 (abstract no. 94) C. V. Fletcher, S. P. Kawle, D. Weller, T. N. Kakuda, P. L. Anderson, L. Bushman, R. C. Brundage, And R. P. Remmel These data indicate relationships between intracellular concentrations of ZDV-TP and 3TC-TP. The relationships may be a consequence of presumably common pathways for formation and/or degradation, such as nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and phosphatases, and may extend to other NRTIs as well. Additionally, these findings may contribute to an explanation for the blunted virologic response seen in some HIV-infected subjects changed from one NRTI to another. |
| 95 | CHANGES IN INTRACELLULAR DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE (dATP) IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH HYDROXYUREA (HU) ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH DIDEOXYINOSINE (ddI). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:93 (abstract no. 95) F. Hamzeh1, H. Zhang2, M. Ussery2, J. Eron3, I. Frank4, K. Wood5, R. Bosch5, And C. Flexner1 For The Actg 307 Study Team dATP was lower at Week 2 with HU+ddI, but not with HU alone. |
| 96 | PLASMA AND INTRACELLULAR TRIPHOSPHATE (NRTI-TP) CONCENTRATIONS OF ZDV, D4T, AND 3TC IN PATIENTS WITH HIV-INFECTION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:93 (abstract no. 96) J. D. Moore1, E. P. Acosta1, G. Valette1, D. Kuritzkes2, V. Johnson1, J. Eron3, M. Fischl4, X. J. Zhou1, And J.-P. Sommadossi1 For The Actg 306 Study Team Intracellular NRTI-TP and interpatient NRTI-TP/plasma ratios were highly variable. First dose and steady-state NRTI-TP levels were significantly different for 3TC but not d4T and ZDV. Relationships between 3TC-TP and changes in plasma HIV RNA imply that a minimum 3TC-TP level must be maintained to achieve the maximum antiviral effect of a 3TC-containing dual nucleoside regimen. |
| 97 | EFFECT OF STAVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE ON EXPRESSION OF THE P-GLYCOPROTEIN DRUG TRANSPORTER IN HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:93 (abstract no. 97) R. R. Speck1, A. Krithivas1, F. Hamzeh1, C. Hendrix1, J. I. Lee1, J. B. Margolick1, D. Goodwin2, N. Graham2, And C. Flexner1 P-gp expression was not induced with 12 months of ZDV or d4T treatment and was not predictive of treatment success or failure. P-gp expression is unlikely to be a common cause of resistance to ZDV or d4T. |
| 98 | THE BIOEQUIVALENCE OF A FIXED DOSE TRIPLE NRTI COMBINATION TABLET CONTAINING ABACAVIR, LAMIVUDINE, AND ZIDOVUDINE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:93 (abstract no. 98) G. J. Yuen1, Y. Lou1, N. Thompson1, V. Otto1, T. Allsup1, B. Mahony1, And H. W. Hutman2 TCT is bioequivalent to Z/E/R, may be administered without food restrictions, and provides a simple compact HAART regimen in one tablet twice a day. |
| 99 | PHARMACOKINETICS OF A SECOND-GENERATION NNRTI, DPC 083, AFTER MULTIPLE ORAL DOSES IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:93 (abstract no. 99) W. D. Fiske, J. M. Brennan, R. R. Harrison, J. L. Jobes, M. L. Volpato, And S. G. Griffith DPC 083, administered once-daily, provided plasma levels that are predicted to be in excess of those required for 90% inhibition of wild type, K103N, and several clinically important double mutant viruses, including those seen in patients failing current NNRTI combination therapy. |
| 100 | INCORPORATION OF INDINAVIR IN ANTI-HLA-DR IMMUNOLIPOSOMES TO TARGET HIV RESERVOIRS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:94 (abstract no. 100) J.F. Gagné, J. Bestman-Smith, A. Désormeaux, P. Gourde, and M.G. Bergeron Incorporation of antivirals into immunoliposomes could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to target specifically HIV reservoirs and treat more efficiently this retroviral disease. |
| 101 | QUANTITATION AND ANTI-VIRAL EFFECT OF UNBOUND PLASMA INDINAVIR (IDV) IN HIV-INFECTED PERSONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:94 (abstract no. 101) P.L. Anderson, L.R. Bushman, T.N. Kakuda, R.P. Remmel, R.C. Brundage, C.V. Fletcher The 57-74% range in protein binding of IDV in these HIV-infected subjects is generally consistent with the 60% binding reported in the literature, which is based on in vitro studies. IDV protein binding was stable over a 6-month period. IDV 5 hour Ct and Cu were higher in subjects with undetectable vs detectable HIV-RNA. This work to quantify unbound concentrations opens new leads, relevant to all PIs and NNRTIs, to understand more precisely concentration-effect relationships. |
| 102 | PHARMACOKINETICS OF A SECOND-GENERATION NNRTI, DPC 961, AFTER MULTIPLE ORAL DOSES IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:94 (abstract no. 102) A.S. Joshi, Q.T. Jiao, D.S. Waggett, M.L. Volpato, J.L. Jobes, and S.G. Griffith DPC 961, administered once-daily in healthy volunteers, provided plasma levels that were above the plasma IC90 of wild type, K103N, and several clinically important double mutant viruses, including those seen in NNRTI failures. |
| 103 | PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENTS OF THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF DAPD AND ITS ACTIVE METABOLITE DXG IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:94 (abstract no. 103) L. H. Wang, J. W. Bigley, R. L. St Claire, N. Sista, And F. Rousseau These initial PK results along with good tolerability and antiviral activity warrant further evaluations of DAPD at higher doses and/or under different dosing schedules. |
| 104 | THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (TDM) OF PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PIs): WHAT TO MEASURE AND WHEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:94 (abstract no. 104) C. Merry1, D. Back2, M. Barry3, S. Gibbons2, J. Lloyd2, S. Khoo2, J. Tjia2, H. Reynolds2, P. Carey4, And F. Mulcahy3 Unlike other drugs which are candidates for TDM, single trough PI samples are not good representatives of AUC or Cmin which suggests at this time that more intensive PK data is required. |
| 105 | THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERGRATING VIROLOGIC INFORMATION IN PHARMACODYNAMIC (PD) ANALYSES. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:94 (abstract no. 105) C. V. Fletcher And R. C. Brundage Had only the first two relationships been examined, the wrong conclusion regarding an exposure-response relationship would have been drawn. The implications of such a mistake in terms of developing therapeutic strategies to obtain the maximal benefit from antiretroviral therapy are profound. The integration of viral phenotype may better characterize PD relationships. |
| Session 15—Poster Abstracts Mucosal Immunity |
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| 106 | MUCOSAL IMMUNITY INDUCED BY PROVIRAL DNA VACCINATION AND ITS EFFECT ON SIV CHALLENGE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:95 (abstract no. 106) S. W. Wang1, K. Manson2, P. Kozlowski1, R. P. Johnson3, J. Lifson4, G. Schmelz1, M. Neutra1, And A. Aldovini1 We have investigated the immunostimulatory properties of a DNA vaccine that produces genetically inactivated particles. The DNA construct carries the entire SIV and produces particles that are similar to the wild type virus in protein content but are not infectious. These particles lack infectivity because a total of 22 mutations have been introduced in three different proteins (NC, RT, IN), abolishing their function but retaining antigenicity. |
| 107 | ANALYSIS OF MUCOSAL IMMUNITY TO HIV-1 GAG ENHANCED BY GAG-EXPRESSING DNA IN MICE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:95 (abstract no. 107) Y. T. Yokota1, I. Yoshizawa1, Y. Souda2, T. Mizuochi2, S. Yasuda1, T. Kato1, T. A. Rizvi3, T. Mizuochi1, And T. Takemori1 Thus, our murine system will be useful model to analyze mucosal immune response against HIV-1 gag for development of HIV vaccine. |
| 108 | INDUCTION OF ANTI-HIV HUMORAL AND CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES BY MUCOSAL IMMUNIZATIONS USING ADJUVANTS AND VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:95 (abstract no. 108) M. Vajdy, J. Neidleman, L. Cuadra, I. Srivastava, S. Barnett, C. Greer, M. Singh, M. Ugozzoli, D. O'hagan, And J. Donnelly Collectively, these data show that we can induce both cell mediated and humoral responses against HIV gag and envelope proteins through mucosal immunizations using adjuvants or VLP. |
| 109 | MUCOSAL ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS: DOMINANCE OF ANTI-gp160 IgG RESPONSES IN COMPARISON TO IgA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:95 (abstract no. 109) P. A. Goepfert, M. J. Mulligan, S. Sabbaj, S. J. Prince, R. Kulhavy, L. R. Brewer, S. Jackson, And J. Mestecky The mucosal immune response to HIV-1 infection is poorly defined. Few studies have compared mucosal immunity to HIV from various sites utilizing multiple assays. We studied a group of 50 HIV-1 infected individuals and 20 uninfected controls (equally divided between genders). |
| 110 | MUCOSAL ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS: ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:95 (abstract no. 110) Z. Moldoveanu, S. J. Prince, L. R. Brewer, P. A. Goepfert, S. Jackson, And J. Mestecky For The Aids Vaccine Evaluation Group Further studies are required to correlate the numbers, isotype and persistence of ASC generated in peripheral blood following HIV-infection with the route of transmission. |
| 111 | MUCOSAL ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. ISOTYPE VARIATIONS IN SEVEN EXTERNAL SECRETIONS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:96 (abstract no. 111) S. Jackson, J. Mestecky, P. A. Goepfert, M. Mulligan, Z. Moldoveanu, S. J. Prince, L. R. Brewer, R. Kulhavy, And A. Lu A study was designed to define the simultaneous mucosal immune responses in multiple external secretions of HIV infected volunteers. |
| 112 | COMPARISON OF MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSES WITH VIRAL LOAD IN THE SEMEN OF HIV-1-INFECTED MEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:96 (abstract no. 112) B. Gilliam1, T. Vancot1, P. Vernazza2, J. Dyer3, S. Fiscus3, M. Cohen3, J. Eron3, M. Robb4, And D. Birx4 High levels of HIV-1 specific IgA and IgG were detected in SP, in contrast to low HIV-1 specific IgA levels found in other studies. These results did not, however, correlate with stage of disease, viral load in semen or blood, or CD4 count. Further studies are required to determine whether SP IgA/IgG acts to enhance or diminish infectiousness and whether newer antiretroviral treatment regimens or vaccines will have an effect on these levels. |
| Session 16—Poster Abstracts Virus and Lymphocytes in Mucosa |
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| 113 | TRANSIENT EARLY POST-INOCULATION ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT FACILITATES DEVELOPMENT OF SIV-SPECIFIC CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES, SUSTAINED MODULATION OF VIRAL REPLICATION AND REVERSAL OF CD4+ T CELL DEPLETION FROM GALT IN SIV-INFECTED RHESUS MACAQUES. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:96 (abstract no. 113) R. Veazey1, M. C. Gauduin1, I. Tham1, K. Mansfield1, M. Piatak Jr.2, L. Li2, T. Parks2, N. Bischofberger3, J. Altman4, R. P. Johnson1, A. A. Lackner1, And J. D. Lifson2 Short term antiretroviral treatment begun 24-72 hours post-inoculation (p.i.) prevents the establishment of productive SIV infection, promotes SIV-specific lymphoproliferative responses (SIV-CMI), and confers protection from re-challenge with pathogenic SIV in rhesus macaques. In the present study we treated rhesus macaques for 9 wks, beginning 1 or 10 wks p.i., with SIVmac251, with intensive virologic and immunologic monitoring. |
| 114 | HIV-1 SHEDDING PATTERN IN SEMEN CORRELATES WITH THE COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF VIRAL QUASISPECIES BETWEEN BLOOD AND SEMEN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:96 (abstract no. 114) P. Gupta1, C. Leroux1, B. Patterson2, L. Kingsley1, C. Rinaldo1, M. Ding1, K. Kulka1, W. Buchanan1, B. Mckeon1, And R. Montelaro1 High levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been detected in semen at all stages of disease. However, it is not clear whether HIV-1 in semen originates from blood or it represents an isolated site for virus replication. A prospective longitudinal study was therefore undertaken to determine the pattern of HIV-1 shedding in semen and its relationship with the viral compartmentalization between blood and semen. |
| 115 | SITES OF PRODUCTIVE INFECTION OF HIV IN THE MALE GU TRACT. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:97 (abstract no. 115) T. Schacker1, J. Pryor1, P. Nguyen1, C. Sieber1, R. Coombs2, S. Trenkner1, And A. Haase1 These data are surprising as we found chronic inflammation in the prostate of most patients, but few (v)RNA+ cells in semen or prostate, even among patients with active genital infections. While this may be due to sampling error, it suggests that virus contained in male genital secretions may emanate from multiple sources, or the principal site of productive infection in the male GU tract has not yet been identified. |
| 116 | HIV INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:97 (abstract no. 116) J. Olsson1, A-L. Spetz1, M. Poles2, J. Eliott2, J. Andersson1, And P. Anton2 HIV is characterized by a significant degree of mucosal inflammation. Our findings show that the levels of chemokines and chemokine receptors in HIV are similar to those levels seen in active IBD and are significantly higher than those from IBDr and healthy controls. This suggests that the inflammatory response in HIV is at least as potent as in IBD. Topical anti-inflammatories lead to remission and reduction in soluble and cellular markers of inflammation in IBD. Given the presence of marked inflammation, further investigation of the role of adjunctive treatment of HIV-patients with local anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the host immune response, deserves attention. |
| 117 | CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH INCREASED HIV RNA EXPRESSION IN THE VAGINAL MUCOSA: ASSOCIATION WITH HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:97 (abstract no. 117) M. A. Cohn1, S. S. Frankel2, S. Rugpao3, M. A. Young4, G. Wollett4, S. Tovanabutra3, T. Vancott2, L. Bhoopat3, S. Barrick2, T. C. Quinn5, M. Vahey2, K. E. Nelson5, And D. Weissman6 Higher rates of heterosexual transmission of HIV have been observed in Thailand compared to North America. The risk of infection per exposure has also been reported to be higher in Thailand. Explanations for this observation include both host factors such as sexually transmitted diseases, and viral factors such as cellular tropism. |
| 118 | IDENTIFICATION OF TARGET CELLS IN THE CERVICOVAGINAL MUCOSA 18 HOURS AFTER SIV INOCULATION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:97 (abstract no. 118) J. Hu, M. B. Gardner, And C. J. Miller Identification of initial target cells in the genital mucosa is important not only for understanding the pathogenesis of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 infection, but also for the development of a protective vaccine. |
| 119 | ESTROGEN PROTECTS AGAINST VAGINAL TRANSMISSION OF SIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:97 (abstract no. 119) S. Smith1‚2, P. Charkraborty1, G. Baskin3, And P. Marx3‚4 To assess the individual effects of estrogen and progesterone on SIV vaginal transmission and also to model HIV vaginal transmission in post-menopausal women, we studied ovariectomized macaques. 18 animals underwent bilateral ovariectomy. |
| 120 | EFFECT OF HIV-1 ON LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS IN GUT-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:97 (abstract no. 120) A. H. Talal1, C. E. Irwin1, L. Q. Zhang1, D. T. Dieterich2, And D. D. Ho1 To examine the effect of HIV-1 infection on GALT CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation (CD-69+, HLA-DR+, CD45RO+), proliferation (Ki-67+), and apoptosis (TUNEL+) in comparison with peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes, we performed flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining on lymphocytes isolated from chronically HIV-1 infected (12) and seronegative (9) individuals. |
| 121 | COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOCYTES ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF HIV-2-INFECTED PIG-TAILED MACAQUES. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:98 (abstract no. 121) J. Cummins, P. Guenthner, J. Pullium, D. Adams, C. Kim, R. Otten, And C. Dezzutti The peripheral and mucosal lymphocytes from the macaques produced similar levels of cytokines; however, most of the chemokine production was restricted to PBLs. Proliferative responses to HIV-2 antigens were also observed in both lymphocyte compartments. These data provide the first preliminary comparison of peripheral and mucosal lymphocytes in an HIV-2-infected macaque model. |
| 122 | GENETIC ADAPTATION OF HIV-1 FOR INTESTINAL CELLS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:98 (abstract no. 122) A.-L. Chenine1, E. Mstouskavo2, M. Pion1, F. Rey1, And I. Hirsch1 Changes in the V3 region were shown to be necessary but not sufficient for adaptation in epithelial intestinal cells. Virus receptors on the surface of epithelial cells are used more efficiently by the intestinal cell-adapted virus than by parental HIV-1 NDK. |
| Session 17—Poster Abstracts Cellular Production and Turnover |
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| 123 | EFFECT OF RECENT THYMIC EMIGRANTS ON HIV-1 DISEASE PROGRESSION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:98 (abstract no. 123) A. Hatzakis1, G. Touloumi1, A. Karaphoulidou2, T. Mandalaki2, R. Karanicolas3, C. Anastassopoulou1, L. Zhang3, J. J. Goedert4, D. D. Ho3, And L. G. Kostrikis3 Our findings show that the concentration of α1-TREC in the peripheral T-cell pool complements HIV-1 RNA load in predicting the rate of HIV-1 disease progression. As the α1-TREC value reflects newly mature T cells, it also may be a good marker of immune reconstitution with successful suppression of HIV-1. |
| 124 | QUANTIFYING RECENT THYMIC EMIGRANTS (RTE) IN BLOOD AND TONSILS OF HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER HAART WITH A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR T-CELL RECEPTOR EXCISIONAL CIRCLES (TREC). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:98 (abstract no. 124) L. Zhang, B. Ramratnam, S. Lewin, E. Skulsky, A. Kim, S. Tuttleton, M. Markowitz, And D. D. Ho We conclude from this study that the number of RTE in blood is reflective of that in one particular lymphoid tissue compartment. |
| 125 | NAÏVE T-CELL DIVISION AFFECTS THE TREC CONTENT OF THE NAÏVE T-CELL POPULATION: NO EVIDENCE FOR THYMIC DYSFUNCTION IN HIV-1 INFECTION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:99 (abstract no. 125) M. D. Hazenberg1, S. A. Otto1, J. W. T. Cohen-Stuart2‚3, J. C. C. Borleffs2, C. A. B. Boucher3, R. J. De Boer4, D. Hamann1, And F. Miediema1‚5 The decline in TRECs observed in HIV-1 infection may be mainly caused by peripheral dilution and does not merely reflect pre-treatment impairment of thymic function. |
| 126 | EFFECT OF HIV ON THYMIC FUNCTION BEFORE AND AFTER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN CHILDREN. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:99 (abstract no. 126) D. C. Douek1, R. A. Koup1, R. D. Mcfarland1, J. L. Sullivan2, And K. Luzuriaga2 HIV has an adverse effect upon thymic function in pediatric HIV infection. Potent antiretroviral therapy restores thymic function, but is affected by the degree to which virus suppression is achieved. Profound suppression of HIV may be required to allow for broad recovery of T-cell immunity in pediatric HIV infection. |
| 127 | ANALYSIS OF THYMIC OUTPUT DURING SIV/SHIV INFECTION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:99 (abstract no. 127) D. L. Sodora1, D. C. Douek1, L. G. Montgomery1, G. Silvestri2, M. B. Feinberg2, M. Rosenweig3, R. P. Johnson3, A. Lackner3, V. Hirsh4, M. L. Marthas5, T. Igarashi4, M. Martin4, And R. A. Koup1 SIV infection of macaques, as with HIV infection of humans, results in the loss of CD4+ cells during progression to disease. The thymus produces mature T-cells and evidence has been obtained, using the T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assay, that recent thymic emigrants (T-cells that contain TREC) decline following HIV infection. |
| 128 | NORMAL T-CELL TURNOVER RATE IN SOOTY MANGABEYS HARBORING ACTIVE SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:99 (abstract no. 128) L. A. Chakrabarti1 , S. R. Lewin1, L. Zhang1, A. Gettie1, A. Luckay1, L. N. Martin2, E. Skulsky1, D. D. Ho1, C. Cheng-Mayer1, And P. A. Marx1‚2 These findings are compatible with immune exhaustion mediated by abnormal T-cell proliferation, rather than with early thymic failure, in SIV-infected macaques. Normal T-cell turnover in SIV-infected mangabeys provides an explanation for the long-term maintenance of a functional immune system in these hosts. |
| 129 | T-CELL DIVISION IN HIV-1 INFECTION IS MAINLY DUE TO IMMUNE ACTIVATION: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS BEFORE AND DURING HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:99 (abstract no. 129) M. D. Hazenberg1, J. W. T. Cohen Stuart3,4, S. A. Otto1, J. C. C. Borleffs4, C. A. B. Boucher3, R. J. De Boer5, F. Miedema1,2, And D. Hamann1 Peripheral T-cell proliferation is a consequence of generalized immune activation, rather then a response to, or the cause of, lymphocyte depletion. |
| 130 | Cells productively infected by HIV display diminished spontaneous apoptosis but enhanced induced apoptosis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:99 (abstract no. 130) Jenkins M, Keir M, McCune JM; Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Cell death in HIV infection may be the result of indirect induction of apoptosis (i.e., of uninfected cells). By analogy to other viruses, HIV may have evolved mechanisms to protect the host cell from death prior to virion release. Among infected cells, inhibition of cell death may be advantageous for viral replication |
| 131 | Markers of lymphocyte homing distinguish CD4 T cells that turnover in response to HIV-1 infection and define cells regenerating at 1 year. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:100 (abstract no. 131) Hengel R, Jones B, Kennedy M, Hubbard M, McDougal J; Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA. HIV-1 infection produces a large viral burden, yet the location and identity of the cell population(s) producing this burden remain elusive. Potent anti-retroviral therapy (ARV) interrupts the viral life cycle and allows analysis of repopulating cell and viral decay curves to infer models of immunopathogenesis. These m |
| 132 | Rapid turnover of bone marrow in both HIV-1-infected and uninfected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:100 (abstract no. 132) Sinclair E, Hanley MB, Carroll P, Hoh R, Schmidt D, Cesar D, Abe K, Hellerstien M, McCune JM; The Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Peripheral blood cytopenias are common in HIV-1-infected individuals. It is not clear whether peripheral blood cell loss results from depletion of mature blood cells or is a result of a central lesion within the bone marrow. Measurement of cell turnover in the bone marrow of HIV-1-infected individuals would help to add |
| 133 | HIV-1 inhibition of hematopoiesis in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:100 (abstract no. 133) Koka P, Zack J; Univ. California, Los Angeles Sch. of Med. Severe combined immunodeficient mice transplanted with human fetal thymus and liver tissues (SCID-hu) provide a suitable animal model to determine the role of HIV-1 in hematopoiesis in vivo, in the absence of confounding factors found in humans. We have previously reported that HIV-1 inhibits the colony forming activit |
| 134 | Influence of follicular dendritic cells on decay of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:100 (abstract no. 134) Hlavacek WS, Stilianakis NI, Notermans DW, Danner SA, Perelson AS; Los Alamos Natl. Lab, NM. Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection with combination antiretroviral therapy leads to a rapid initial decay of plasma virus followed by a slower second-phase decay. To investigate the role of HIV-1 retained on follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in the observed viral decay, we have developed |
| 135 | Mathematical model for the decay of the replication-competent latent reservoir: effect of treatment interruptions and IL-2 stimulation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:100 (abstract no. 135) Mittler JE, Perelson AS; Los Alamos Natl. Lab., NM. Background: Sequential measurements of latently infected cells in patients on HAART have yielded half-lives ranging from 6 to 44 months. A recent study has suggested that the replication-competent latent reservoir declines more rapidly in patients whose plasma viral loads are consistently undetectable than in patients |
| 136 | HIV-1 latent reservoirs renewed by viral replication in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, and resting CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients receiving potent therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:101 (abstract no. 136) Zhu T, Muthui D, Holte S, Chang Y, Nickle D, Feng F, Shea T, Berrey M, Brodie S, Self S, Mullins J, Corey L; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. Recent studies show in patients with prolonged suppression of plasma virus by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) that HIV-1 persists latently in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes, which may, at least in part, result from on-going viral replication in vivo. It is unclear where and how the viral replication occurred. |
| 137 | Biphasic decay of latent HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells in acute seroconverters. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:101 (abstract no. 137) Blankson J, Finzi D, Pierson T, Sabundayo B, Chadwick K, Margolick J, Siliciano R; Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Baltimore, MD. Latent infections of CD4+ T cells allows for persistence of HIV even in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and therefore represents a major barrier to HIV eradication. We have studied the establishment and rate of decay of latent HIV in resting CD4+ T cells from 10 acute seroconverters, |
| 138 | Analysis of the evolution of HIV-1 pol sequences in latent HIV-1 present in resting CD4+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected children treated with HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:101 (abstract no. 138) Persaud D, Pierson T, Ruff C, Chadwick K, Margolick J, Ruff A, Ray S, Siliciano R; Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Baltimore, MD. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists in a latent state in the resting CD4+ T lymphocytes of infected individuals even after prolonged treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Available antiretroviral therapies are ineffective in eradicating virus from these cells. We measured the dec |
| 139 | Detection of circular viral DNA in PBMC of HIV-infected individuals with no detectable viral RNA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:101 (abstract no. 139) Cara A, Lusi A, Keller M, Jones S, Mosoian A, Gurtman A, Cohen A, Parkas V, Wallach F, Chusid E, Klotman ME; Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York. With the success of highly active antiretroviral regimens, a significant number of patients have no detectable plasma viral RNA by the most sensitive assays available. These patients however, have persistent, replication competent virus as determined by in vitro culture as well as detectable viral DNA. To gain a cleare |
| 140 | Persistent vRNA in PBMC from HIV-infected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy is associated with rare vRNA+ cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:101 (abstract no. 140) Bucy RP, Kilby JM, Goepfert PA, Hockett RD, Saha BK, Saag MS; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham. PBMC from a cohort of chronically HIV-1 infected patients on HAART for at least six months were examined for the presence of unspliced HIV RNA using a sensitive QC-RT-PCR assay. With a single exception, all 25 subjects examined had detectable vRNA in the blood lymphocytes concurrent with undetectable plasma vRNA. The g |
| 141 | Establishment of a SHIV/macaque model using an R5-tropic HIV-1 subtype C envelope. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:102 (abstract no. 141) Chen Z, Huang Y, Zhao X, Gettie A, Skulsky E, Blanchard J, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. The increasing prevalence of HIV-1 subtype C infection worldwide (approximately 40% of new infections globally) calls for the development of a relevant animal model to evaluate strategies against the transmission of this viral clade. A new chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), SHIVCHN19, was generated wi |
| 142 | Characterization of the envelope glycoproteins of a pathogenic SHIV-HXBc2P3.2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:102 (abstract no. 142) Si Z, Ye D, Cayabyab M, Moore J, Sodroski J; Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA. Serial passage of a non-pathogenic SHIV-HXBc2 in vivo by bone marrow transfer generated viruses (KU-1) that cause rapid depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and AIDS-like illness in macaques. A molecular clone, SHIV-HXBc2P3.2, created from KU-1 was shown to cause similar symptoms. SHIV-HXBc2P3.2 virus is different tom SHIV- |
| 143 | Evidence for positive selection driving the evolution of the HIV-1 envelope gene under potent antiviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:102 (abstract no. 143) Frost SD, Gunthard HF, Wong JK, Havlir D, Richman DD, Leigh Brown AJ; Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland. In HIV infected individuals treated with potent antiretroviral therapy, viable virus can be isolated from latently infected cells several years into therapy, due to the long life of these cells, ongoing replication replenishing this population, or both. We have analysed the evolution of the V3 region of the HIV-1 envel |
| 144 | Natural history of HIV-1 infection in chronic infected antiretroviral naïve patients with plasma viral load <5000 c/ml and CD4+ T lymphocytes >500/mm3: virologic and immunologic predictors of progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:102 (abstract no. 144) Garcia F, Vidal C, Arnedo M, Plana M, Cruceta A, Ortega MM, Soriano A, Gallart T, Pumarola T, Miro JM, Gatell JM; Hosp. Clin., Univ. of Barcelona, Spain. According to currently accepted guidelines, antiretroviral therapy (AT) is not recommended in patients with VL 500/mm3. The objective was to study the natural history of these patients and to assess the virologic and immunologic markers of progression in order to define which group of patients has more possibilities of |
| 145 | A highly unique HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressor: insights into the biology of long-term nonprogression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:102 (abstract no. 145) Saksena NK, Wang B, Zaunders J, Dyer W; Westmead Hosp., New South Wales, Australia. A patient infected with HIV-1 for the past 12 years was identified who acquired HIV infection homosexually from a partner who died of AIDS in 1992. For unknown reasons, this infected patient who was progressing between 1985-1986, stopped progressing and since then is maintaining a stable CD4+ cell count (approximately |
| 146 | Low HIV-2 plasma viral load is independent of proviral load and correlated with slow disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:103 (abstract no. 146) Popper S, Dieng-Sarr A, Gueye-Ndiaye A, Mboup S, Kanki PJ; Harvard AIDS Inst., Boston, MA. Time to AIDS is significantly longer in HIV-2 infection compared with HIV-1. We developed an internally controlled quantitative RT-PCR assay to determine HIV-2 viral load, with a lower limit of 100 copies/mL. The median load was 141 copies/mL, with levels below detection in 44% of 68 individuals evaluated. The median v |
| 147 | Predominance of defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in individuals with a low plasma viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:103 (abstract no. 147) Sanchez G, Candotti D, Pion M, Chenine AL, Gondois-Rey F, Tamalet C, Vigne R, Agut H, Hirsch I; INSERM, Marseille, France. Defective viruses are generally thought to interfere with replication of coinfecting viruses and limit by this way the viral disease process. Their biological significance in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was suggested previously by in vitro experiments but was not observed i |
| 148 | Temporal analysis of CD4+ T cell genome expression during HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:103 (abstract no. 148) Corbeil J, Sheeter D, Rought S, Genini D, Leoni L, Du P, Ferguson M, Masys D, Welsh J, Fink JL, Drenkow J, Richman DD, Gingeras T; Univ. of California, San Diego. We have developed an application called HAPI (High-density Array Pattern Interpreter) which facilitates the analysis of microarray data, (1) by selecting subsets of genes with specific characteristics and displaying them with dynamic links to web-based databases, (2) by enabling comparison of subsets of selected genes |
| 149 | Large-Scale analysis of gene expression affected by HIV-1 infection using cDNA microarrays. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:103 (abstract no. 149) Van'T Wout AB, Mikheeva SA, Upchurch D, Geiss GL, Katze MG, Bumgarner RE, Mullins JI; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. With a relatively small genome, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) relies on host cell factors to survive and replicate. In addition, HIV-1 needs to interfere with cellular pathways aimed at destroying viral replication. Multiple cellular pathways are likely to be effected at various times during infection |
| 150 | Genetic changes that can compensate for the loss of the nef gene. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:103 (abstract no. 150) Alexander L, Ilyinski P, Alvarez X, Veazey R, Lackner AA, Desrosiers RC; Harvard Med. Sch., Southborough, MA. Approximately 10% of rhesus monkeys infected experimentally with a SIVmac239 mutant that contains a 182 bp deletion in nef develop high virus loads and progress to AIDS. We have passaged virus from two such monkeys into other monkeys and developed stocks of virus consistently able to induce moderate-high virus loads. V |
| 151 | Effects of exogenous Nef on uninfected (bystander) macrophages. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:103 (abstract no. 151) Pilon R, Cassol E, Janes M, Bishop K, Sanchez-Dardon J, Cassol S; Ottawa Hosp. Res. Inst., Canada. Background: Recent studies suggest that Nef contributes to HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis by increasing viral replication, regulating the activation of HIV-1 from latency, facilitating interactions between infected and uninfected cells and inducing cytokine expression in PBMCs (IL-10) and macrophages (IL-15). Objectives: To |
| 152 | Monocyte trafficking and HIV disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:104 (abstract no. 152) Gartner S, Liu Y, Tang X, Hunter E, McArthur JC; Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Baltimore, MD. It has been proposed that the onset of AIDS is associated with a redistribution of HIV outside of the lymphoid system, the brain being one target organ. (Y. Donaldson et al., 1994). The mechanisms and events involved are unknown, but presumably, either free virions or infected cells could participate. To determine if c |
| 153 | Nerve growth factor is essential for the survival of HIV-infected macrophages. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:104 (abstract no. 153) Perno CF, Aquaro S, Levi-Montalcini R, Aloe L, Caroleo MC, Amendola A, Piacentini M, Calio R, Garaci E; Univ. of Rome "Tor Vergata," Italy. The mechanisms underlying the macrophage (M/M) ability to survive to HIV infection are still unknown. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is able to exert effects on cells of the immune system, and is an autocrine survival factor for memory B-lymphocytes. Thus, we studied the role of NGF during HIV infection in M/M. M/M were obt |
| 154 | Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human placental cord blood CD34+AC133+ stem cells and their progeny. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:104 (abstract no. 154) Li Y, Hariharan D, Campbell D, Douglas SD, Starr SE, Ho WZ; The Children's Hosp. of Philadelphia, PA. The AC133 is a novel antigen selectively expressed on primitive CD34bright stem cells and is a valuable marker for the selection of long-term culture-initiating cells and severe combined immunodeficiency-repopulating cells. Human placental cord blood (HPCB) is a rich source of CD34+AC133+ cells. We examined the suscept |
| 155 | Protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strains isolated from periods of continued CD4+ T-cell accumulation are pathogenic in human lymphoid histocultures. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:104 (abstract no. 155) Penn ML, Myers M, Liegler T, Hayden M, Grant RM, Goldsmith MA; Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Virologic failure is common among HIV-infected patients treated with HAART regimens containing protease inhibitors (PI). For reasons that remain obscure, some of these individuals exhibit preserved peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts despite high viral loads. One hypothesis to account for sustained increases in CD4 counts is |
| 156 | Decreased HIV-1 fitness after long-term virologic failure of protease inhibitor-based therapy: relationship to immunologic response. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:104 (abstract no. 156) Deeks SG, Wrin T, Duecy E, Barbour JD, Hellmann N, Petropoulos C, Grant RM; Univ. of California at San Francisco. Background: We examined the correlates of a sustained CD4 response after virologic failure of a protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen using measures of viral fitness, lymphocyte cycling and lymphocyte activation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 3 groups of subjects: virologic responders (sustained viral loa |
| 157 | Eradication of helminthic infection decreases HIV plasma viral load in dually infected people. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:104 (abstract no. 157) Wolday D, Maayan S, Mariam ZG, Britton S, Landay A, Bentwich Z; Armauer Hansen Res. Inst., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Background: We have previously suggested that helminthic infections play a major role as co-factors in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. We predicted that eradication of helminths would decrease HIV plasma viral load and thereby slow disease progression. Objectives: Determine HIV plasma viral load in HIV and helminth |
| 158 | HIV-1 directly kills infected cells through disruption of mitochondria and activates caspase 9-induced apoptosis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:105 (abstract no. 158) Sheeter D, Genini D, Corbeil J, Richman D, Leoni L; Univ. of California, San Diego. HIV-1 induces apoptosis and leads to CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion and pathogenesis in humans. It is still unclear if HIV-1 directly kills infected cells or if it indirectly induces death through cytokine disregulation or aberrant signaling. To elucidate the mechanisms of HIV-1 induced apoptosis, we inoculated CEM-GFP an |
| 159 | Nonlytic suppressive activity against different biological variants of HIV-1 by CD8+ T lymphocytes from exposed uninfected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:105 (abstract no. 159) Furci L, Loverro P, Lopalco L, Sinnone M, Lazzarin A, Lusso P; S. Raffaele Sci. Inst., Milan, Italy. Many individuals who remain uninfected despite multiple unprotected sexual encounters with HIV-infected partners (EU) display evidence of HIV-specific immunity, including antigen-driven T helper cell-mediated cytokine production and cytotoxicity induced by HIV early proteins. We have recently shown, in an Italian cohor |
| 160 | Full-length HIV-1 RNA genomic sequences from frequently exposed Kenyan women: extensive recombination among clades A, C, and D. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:105 (abstract no. 160) Fang G, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones S, Plummer F, Chen C, Anzala AO, Bwayo J, Oyugi J, Burger H; Wadsworth Ctr., NY State Dept. of Hlth., Albany. In sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV-1 epidemic has been raging, a diverse set of HIV-1 clades often co-exist within communities. In order to design vaccines and to understand pathogenesis it is necessary to address the diversity of viruses and their ability to form recombinants. It is also essential to understand the |
| 161 | The kidney is a previously unrecognized reservoir for HIV-1 replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:105 (abstract no. 161) Bruggeman LA, Ross MD, Tanji N, Cara A, D'Agati VD, Dikman S, Burns G, Winston J, Klotman ME, Klotman PE; Mount Sinai Sch. of Med., New York. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is now the third leading cause of end stage renal disease in African Americans between the ages of 25-65. The role of HIV-1 infection and the mechanisms that produce renal failure are not well understood. Our recent studies with a transgenic model show that expression of HIV-1 genes w |
| 162 | Aberrant methylation of CDKN2A gene in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated adult T-cell leukemia cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:105 (abstract no. 162) Matsuoka M, Nosaka K; Inst for Virus Res., Kyoto Univ., Japan. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative retrovirus of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). There is a long latent (about 56 years in Japan ) period before onset of ATL. In addition of critical role of viral protein, such as Tax, genetic and epigenetic changes are thought to play important roles in leukemog |
| 163 | Effects of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) tax on cellular p53, using a transgenic mouse model. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:105 (abstract no. 163) Portis TL, Grossman WJ, Ratner L; Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATLL) and initiates a variety of other clinical disorders. The HTLV-I Tax protein has been strongly linked to oncogenesis and is considered to be the transforming protein of this virus. In order to study the mechanism |
| 164 | HIV databases and analysis projects at Los Alamos: an overview. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:106 (abstract no. 164) Gaschen BK, Rose PP, Foley BF, Kuiken CL, Korber BT; Los Alamos Natl. Lab., NM. The HIV Genetic Sequence, Immunology, and Drug Resistance Databases at http://hiv-web.lanl.gov collect, compile, annotate and analyze primate immunodeficiency virus gene and protein sequences, peptide epitopes and antibody reactivity data. The databases bring together sequence data from individual studies to provide a |
| 165 | HIV-1 subtype and recombinant nomenclature proposal. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:106 (abstract no. 165) Robertson DL, Anderson J, Bradac JA, Carr JK, Foley B, Gao F, Hahn BH, Kuiken C, Learn GH, Leitner T, McCutchan F, Mullins JI, Osmanov S, Peeters M, Pieniazek D, Rodrigo A, Salminen M, Wolinsky S, Korber B; Univ. of Oxford, UK. The HIV nomenclature is based upon genetic relationships inferred from phylogenies, and is important to our understanding of the AIDS epidemic. In particular, it has implications for research including epidemiological tracking, vaccine design, and understanding whether there is a relationship between biology and geneti |
| 166 | Identification of a new HIV-2 subtype based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length genomic sequence. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:106 (abstract no. 166) Yamaguchi J, Devare S, Brennan C; Abbott Labs, North Chicago, IL. HIV-2 and SIVSM (sooty mangabey) form one of the five major primate lentivirus lineages. Close phylogenetic relationship and geographic coincidence indicate that HIV-2 originated from cross-species transmission of SIVSM into man. HIV-2 exhibits considerable genetic diversity, with subtypes A-F identified. Of the 13 ava |
| 167 | HIV-1 subtype C: characterization of variants from different geographic regions and codon usage optimization for high-level expression in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:106 (abstract no. 167) Gao F, Li Y, Rodenburg CM, Trask SA, Chen Y, Hahn BH; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham. Among the major circulating variants of HIV-1, subtype C viruses are among the most prevalent. To generate reference reagents for molecular epidemiological studies and vaccine development, we selected 9 primary (PBMC derived) subtype C isolates from Zambia , India , Tanzania |
| 168 | Identification and molecular characterization of a new primate lentivirus (SIVcol) from Colobus monkeys in Cameroon. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:106 (abstract no. 168) Courgnaud V, Liegeois F, Pourrut X, Bibollet-Ruche F, Mpoudi E, Delaporte E, Peeters M; IRD, Montpellier, France. To date, based on sequence relatedness, primate lentiviruses can be classified into five major lineages approximately equidistant. In order to study primate lentivirus diversity, a sero-survey of wild born primate in Cameroon was conducted. This screening identified two Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) with HIV/SIV cr |
| 169 | A noninvasive approach to detect SIVcpz infection in wild chimpanzees. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:107 (abstract no. 169) Santiago M, Rodenburg C, Mamaeva O, Kilby K, Moldoveanu Z, Fahey B, Muller M, Shaw G, McClure H, Heeney J, Boesh C, Wrangham R, Hahn B, Gao F; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham. HIV-1/AIDS resulted from zoonotic transmissions of SIVcpz from naturally infected chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes). Although three such transfers have been documented, the prevalence of SIVcpz infection in wild chimpanzees remains unknown. To develop a non-invasive approach suitable for screening these endange |
| 170 | Genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains in an immigrant population living in New York City. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:107 (abstract no. 170) Lin HH, Zhang L, Guo Y, Collie M, El-Fishaway M, Ho DD, Beatrice ST; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., The Rockefeller Univ., New York. In the course of providing HIV-1 testing to residents of New York City, the NYCDOH conducted retrospective and prospective studies to detect the presence of HIV-1 infections due to non-B subtypes. 505 specimens predominantly from persons born outside the U.S. had been screened for reactivity to non-B subtype peptides. |
| 171 | Detection of large numbers of HIV-1 group M non-B subtypes in New York City. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:107 (abstract no. 171) Beatrice ST, Collie M, El-Fishawy M, Oleszko WR; New York City Dept. of Hlth. (NYCDOH). Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in persons born outside the U.S. living in NYC. Methods: In two retrospective studies, remnant sera drawn for HIV-1 screening were tested for reactivity to HIV-1 subtypes. HIV-1 antibody positive specimens from persons born in Africa, Asia or South America |
| 172 | Divergence among HIV-1 subtype B viruses in the United States, 1998-1999. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:107 (abstract no. 172) Saekhou AM, Zaidi I, Weinstock H, Parekh B, Woods T, Daugherty A, Kalish ML; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Objective: To investigate the genetic divergence within HIV-1 subtype B strains obtained from newly diagnosed patients in the United States for its application to vaccine design. Methods: Plasma specimens that were collected from newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals without AIDS defining illness have been used for |
| 173 | The impact of HIV-1 genetic diversity in Maryland: under quantifying "non-B" subtype HIV-1 viral loads with the FDA approved assay. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:107 (abstract no. 173) Myers R, Szuch W, Nerurkar V, Alexander S, Patel J, Joseph JM; Maryland Dept. of Hlth. Labs., Baltimore. We have begun to recognize the emergence of Non-B HIV-1 subtypes in MD. It has been reported that the standard FDA approved HIV-1 viral load assay [Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor (RT/PCR)] under quantifies HIV-1 viral loads in some non-subtype B HIV-1 infections. We identified 153 plasmas from 88 African expatriates atte |
| 174 | HIV non-B subtypes in a large North American cohort: prevalence and response to antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:108 (abstract no. 174) Alexander C, Dong W, Chan K, Hogg R, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner J, Harrigan PR; BC Ctr. for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. Background: Infection with HIV from non-B clades has been reported in up to 7% of newly infected individuals in the US. The prevalence of non-B subtypes was examined among drug naïve individuals first seeking treatment at the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS between 06/97 and 08/98 (N= 482). Methods: |
| 175 | Recombinant HIV-1 variants circulating in Spain. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:108 (abstract no. 175) Holguin A, Rodes B, Soriano V, Gonzalez-Lahoz J; Inst. de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. The protease, RT, and env genes of HIV-1 clinical isolates from 13 immigrants (mainly from African origin) living in Spain were examined. Phylogenetic analyses were performed taking as reference a panel of 25 HIV-1 sequences representing different subtypes. The tree topology was obtained using the Neighbor-Joining prog |
| 176 | A B/F intersubtype-recombinant HIV-1 strain with recombination in pol is widely circulating in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:108 (abstract no. 176) Thomson MM, Villahermosa ML, Vazquez E, Cuevas MT, Delgado E, Manjon N, Medrano L, Perez Alvarez L, Contreras G, Salomon H, Najera R; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences of 63 HIV-1 infected individuals from Buenos Aires, Argentina , revealed clustering in two groups, group I (32 individuals) clustering with B subtype sequences, and group II (29 individuals) clustering as outliers of the F subtype sequence branch. Usin |
| 177 | Multiple HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Australia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:108 (abstract no. 177) Dwyer DE, Herring BL, Wang B, Cunningham AL, Saksena NK; Westmead Millenium Inst., Westmead Hosp., Westmead, NSW, Australia. HIV-1 subtyping was performed by env gene sequence analysis and heteroduplex mobility assay on PBMC collected from 117 HIV-1 infected individuals in Australia . This included 31 homo/bisexual men, 44 heterosexuals, 16 IDU, 13 vertical infections, 10 cases of nosocomially acquired infection and 3 recipients of infected |
| 178 | Molecular characterization of a growing HIV-1 epidemic among IDUs in Eastern Europe. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:108 (abstract no. 178) Lukashov VV, Huismans R, Bobkov AF, Weber J, Goudsmit J; Academic Med. Ctr., Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Objective: To genetically characterize HIV-1 strains circulating among IDUs in Eastern Europe, including Russia , Belarus , and the Ukraine , where rapidly increasing numbers of HIV-1 infections are registered since 1995. Methods: Sequences coding for the env gp120 V3 region and the gag p17/p24 region were |
| 179 | Cross-border spread of closely related HIV-1 subtype E variant among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Chino-Vietnam boundary. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:108 (abstract no. 179) Takebe Y, Kato K, Kusagawa S, Motomura K, Nohtomi K, Shiino T, Sato H, Hien NT, Long HT, Yamazaki S, Nagai Y; AIDS Res. Ctr., Natl. Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. To investigate the nature of recent HIV outbreaks among IDUs in northern Vietnam , we genetically analyzed 24 HIV(+) blood specimens from two provinces [Lang Son (LS) and Quang Ninh (QN)] adjacent to the China border, where the first HIV outbreaks were detected among IDUs in northern Vietnam in late 1996. Genetic subty |
| 180 | An emerging HIV epidemic among injecting drug users in Guangxi Provice, Southern China. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:109 (abstract no. 180) Beyrer C, Chen J, Liu W, Lai S, Liang S, Yu XF; Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Publ. Hlth., Baltimore, MD. Objectives: To characterize epidemiological and virological features of HIV infection among drug users (IDU) in southern China . Methods: Between 1996 and 1999, 227 IDU from Guangxi province, which borders Vietnam in the south and Yunnan province, were studied for prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 infection; inc |
| 181 | Perinatal transmission of major, minor, and multiple HIV-1 strains in utero and intrapartum. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:109 (abstract no. 181) Dickover R, Garratty E, Plaeger S, Bryson Y; Univ. California at Los Angeles Sch. of Med. Perinatal HIV-1 transmission is a complex multifactorial process that remains poorly understood. Previous studies have provided conflicting data on the presence of selective pressures in the transmission of a homogeneous maternal viral subpopulation to the infant. The purpose of this study was therefore, to definitivel |
| 182 | T Lymphocyte maturation abnormalities in vertically HIV-exposed uninfected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:109 (abstract no. 182) Vigano A, Saresella M, Massironi E, Bricalli D, Principi N, Ferrante P, Dally L, Clerici M; Univ. Milano and ISS, Rome, Italy. Background: T lymphocyte maturation is abnormal in HIV-infected children. This process could be altered even in HIV-uninfected offsping of HIV-women (seroreverters) because of the ability of HIV to penetrate across the placentar barrier. Methods: Extensive immunophenotypic analyses were performed in PBMC of 61 seroreve |
| 183 | Inhibition of and selection against vertical HIV-1 transmission by the placenta. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:109 (abstract no. 183) Patterson BK, Behbahani H, Mathui D, Brodie S, Andersson J, Landay A, Burki Z, Garcia P, Popek E; Northwestern Univ Med. Sch./Children's Mem. Hosp., Chicago, IL. Recent data on the use of caesarian section indicates that maternal fetal transmission of HIV may be more likely to occur around the time of birth which suggests that the placenta may protect against vertical transmission. To determine the role of the placenta in preventing vertical transmission, we studied 29 placenta |
| 184 | HIV-1 viral nucleic acid levels in the female genital tract: impact of the menstrual cycle and implications for transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:109 (abstract no. 184) Reichelderfer PS, Coombs RW, Wright D, Burns D, Kovacs A; NICHD, Bethesda, MD. Objective: To ascertain differences in genital tract levels of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 nucleic acid over the menstrual cycle. Methods: Peripheral blood and genital tract specimens were obtained weekly for eight weeks from 55 HIV+ women with normal menstrual cycles (25-30 day cycles). Three genital tract sam |
| 185 | The role of CD4+ T-cell help and CD40 ligand in the expansion of HIV-specific memory cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:110 (abstract no. 185) Ostrowski MA, Justement SJ, Ehler L, Mizell SB, Lui S, Mican J, Walker BD, Thomas EK, Seder R, Fauci AS; LIR/NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD. CD4+ T cells have been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of an effective anti-viral cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) response in murine models. Recent studies have also demonstrated that CD4+ T cells provide help to CTLs through ligation of the CD40 receptor on dendritic cells. The role of CD4+ T cell h |
| 186 | HIV-specific CD4+ T cells are maintained in untreated patients with or without proliferative responses to HIV antigens. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:110 (abstract no. 186) McNeil AC, Shupert WL, Mican JA, Connors M; NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD. The HIV specific CD4+ T-cell response was investigated in two cohorts of patients with similar CD4+ T-cell counts. Group A (n=14) includes a unique cohort of long term non-progressors (LTNP) with strong proliferative responses to p24 antigen and less than 1000 copies of viral RNA/ml plasma. Group B includes a cohort of |
| 187 | The number of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells after stopping HAART is directly correlated to viral load. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:110 (abstract no. 187) Gea-Banacloche JC, Sereti I, Metcalf JA, Baseler M, Yoder C, Lane HC, Davey R; NIAID, Bethesda, MD. Introduction: The immune response against HIV, its effect on viral replication and how it is affected by antiretroviral therapy are not well understood. Proliferative responses to p24 and CD8-mediated cellular immunity are thought to be important in the in vivo control of HIV. The immune response to HIV in a group of 8 |
| 188 | Correlation between thymic mass and TRECs in age-matched HIV-1-infected people. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:110 (abstract no. 188) Harris JM, Jenkins M, McCune JM; Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. After treatment with HAART, peripheral blood CD4+ T cells are at least temporarily replenished in most HIV-1-infected persons, and some individuals seem to have an increase in thymic mass radiographically. Because the thymus is the site where T-cell receptor gene rearrangements occur, PCR-based assays can provide an es |
| 189 | Phenotypic and lymphokine profile of the effector cells associated with CD8+ anti-HIV-1 suppressor activity (CASA). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:110 (abstract no. 189) Wilkinson J, Zaunders J, Newcombe N, Cooper DA; Ctr. for Immunology, Sydney, Australia. A panel of 22 cloned CD8+ T-lymphocyte cell lines from a single patient source and with a broad range in CASA, were generated to assess (a)the identity of the subset responsible for CASA, using 4-colour flow cytometry (b)the lymphokines important for this activity, using intracellular flow cytometry and mRNA expression |
| 190 | HLA DR-1 tetramers delineate HIV-1-specific CD3+ CD4+ cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:111 (abstract no. 190) Kelleher A, Song S, Harcourt G, Rowland-Jones S, McMichael A, Phillips R; MRC Human Immunology Group, Oxford, UK. The lack of CD4+ driven HIV specific responses as detected by proliferation assays has been well documented. It is thought that this results from HIV preferentially infecting and deleting HIV-specific clones early in the infection. However, data produced by intracellular cytokine staining suggest substantial CD4+ respo |
| 191 | Spatial relationship between virus-producing cells and CD8+ cells, and gag-specific precursor CTL frequencies in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:111 (abstract no. 191) Folkvord J, Schlichtemeier R, Schneider K, Purner M, Connick E; Univ. of Colorado Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Denver. Inguinal lymph nodes from 6 untreated HIV-infected individuals were analyzed for the spatial relationship between CD8+ cells and virus-producing cells. Three subjects (1-3) had seroconverted within the previous 5 months, while 3 subjects (4-6) were chronically infected. In 4 of these subjects, gag-specific cytotoxic T |
| 192 | Molecular evolution of HIV-1 envelope-specific immunoglobulins: single germinal center analyses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:111 (abstract no. 192) Margolin DH, Helmuth EF, Letvin NL; Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., Boston, MA. Serum antibodies able to neutralize AIDS viruses arise during primary infection, but broadly neutralizing antibody specificities evolve later. In order to understand the cellular and molecular influences shaping the antibody response to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env), we have combined immunohistology, laser capture |
| 193 | Viral load and risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among sexual partners. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:111 (abstract no. 193) Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, Serwadda D, Li CJ, Wabwire-Mangen F, Meehan M, Lutalo T, Gray RH; MAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Objective: To determine the effect of viral load on the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV, 415 HIV-discordant (HIV-positive/HIV-negative) couples were followed over a 30-month period in a study of 15,127 people in Rakai district, Uganda . Incidence of transmission and acquisition/100 person-years (py) were deter |
| 194 | Virologic determinants of heterosexual transmission in Africa. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:111 (abstract no. 194) Fideli U, Allen S, Musonda R, Meinzen-Derr J, Decker D, Li L, Aldrovandi GM; Birmingham, AL. We have been studying the virologic correlates of heterosexual transmission in 500 HIV discordant couples in a predominant clade C area ( Zambia ). Despite counseling and free condoms 115 individuals (F=62, M=53) have seroconverted. Phylogenetic trees have confirmed epidemiologic linkage in 82 (F=45,M=37); 12 were unli |
| 195 | Do gender differences in viral load predict differences in HIV disease progression? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:112 (abstract no. 195) Blair J, Hanson D, Jones J, Dworkin M, Smith D, Denning P, Moorman A, Decock K; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Background: Reports of different viral load (VL) levels among men and women at a given level of immunosuppression, the impact of these differences on HIV disease progression, and whether they are important in recommending gender-specific VL thresholds for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been inconclusiv |
| 196 | Postexposure prophylaxis after sexual or drug use exposure to HIV: final results from the San Francisco post-exposure prevention (PEP) project. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:112 (abstract no. 196) Martin JN, Roland ME, Bamberger JD, Chesney MA, Waldo C, Unick J, Lay C, Katz MH, Coates TJ, Kahn JO; Univ. of California, San Francisco. Background: The efficacy of PEP following occupational HIV exposure has prompted advocacy for PEP following sexual or drug use exposure to HIV. To date, however, the feasibility of providing PEP after non-occupational exposures in the community has not been determined. Methods: A feasibility study was performed of PEP |
| 197 | Who is the source of HIV exposure in the San Francisco post-exposure prevention (PEP) project? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:112 (abstract no. 197) Roland ME, Martin JN, Grant RM, Bamberger JD, Coates TJ, Katz MH, Kahn JO; Univ. of California Positive Hlth. Program at San Francisco Gen. Hosp. Introduction: 401 index subjects enrolled in the San Francisco PEP Project within 72 hours of a potential high risk sexual or injection drug use exposure to HIV. They received HIV testing, counseling and were offered 28 days of antiviral medications. The source of exposure was evaluated for HIV antibody status, CD4+ T- |
| 198 | Are at-risk populations less concerned about HIV infection in the HAART era? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:112 (abstract no. 198) Lehman JS, Hecht FM, Wortley P, Lansky A, Stevens M, Fleming P; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Background: The advent of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has evoked concern that some persons may practice increased HIV-related risk behaviors, resulting in increased HIV transmission. The HIV Testing Survey (HITS) assessed recent (past 12 months) HIV risk behaviors and whether persons had less concern |
| 199 | Mapping the migration of HIV-1 among IDUs with documented seroconversion dates in Western European countries by ccombining phylogenetic and epidemiological data. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:112 (abstract no. 199) Op de Coul E, Prins M, Cornelissen M, Van der Schoot A, Coutinho R, Boufassa F, Brettle R, Hernandez-Aguado I, Schiffer V, McMenamin J, Rezza G, Robertson R, Zangerle R, Goudsmit J, Lukashov V; Municipal Hlth. Serv., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Objective: To establish the epidemiological link between the HIV-1 epidemics among IDUs in the European countries: Austria , France , Italy , the Netherlands , Scotland, Spain and Switzerland |
| 200 | Patterns of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels after failure of T-cell homeostasis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:112 (abstract no. 200) Gange SJ, Yamashita T, Rinaldo CR, Phair JP, Detels R, Giorgi JV, Margolick JB; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Objective: Longitudinal studies of circulating T (CD3+) lymphocytes have shown that T-cell numbers remain stable for many years after HIV-1 infection (blind T-cell homeostasis), but then dramatically decline approximately 1.7 years before the onset of clinical AIDS. We investigated the patterns of longitudinal HIV-1 RN |
| 201 | The Australian prevalence survey of lipodystrophy syndrome. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:113 (abstract no. 201) Miller JE, Emery S, French M, Baker D, Cooper DA; NCHECR, UNSW, Sydney, Australia. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of lipodystrophy syndrome (LD) defined by clinical features and laboratory profiles, a cross-sectional survey was conducted through a national network of investigator sites. Methods: Participating sites represented high HIV case load primary care sites and HIV Units in major teac |
| 202 | Altered fat distribution in men on reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:113 (abstract no. 202) Mulligan K, Tai VW, Lo JC, Algren HA, Abrams DI, Patterson N, Schambelan M; Univ. of California, San Francisco. Objective: To determine whether HIV infection per se, antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, or the wasting syndrome uniquely affect regional fat distribution in men. Methods: Total fat and regional fat distribution (trunk and appendicular [app: arms + - legs]) were compared using manual analysis of DEXA scans in HIV- controls |
| 203 | Lipid alterations in HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy are correlated with increase in cortisol/DHEA ratio and in serum interferon alpha. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:113 (abstract no. 203) Christeff N, Melchior JC, de Truchis P, Peronne C, Gougeon ML; Inst. Pasteur, Paris. Objectives: In a recent study we have shown that lipid alterations associated to the syndrome of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected men on HAART are correlated with an increase in the cortisol/DHEA ratio. Because lipid metabolism is regulated not only by steroid hormones but also by cytokines, we asked whether lipid alterat |
| 204 | Hyperinsulinemia, central adiposity, and reduced heparin-releasable LPL activity in HIV+ PI-associated hypertriglyceridemia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:113 (abstract no. 204) Yarasheski KE, Tebas P, Marin D, Claxton S, Coleman T, Powderly WG, Semenkovich CF; Washington Univ. Med. Ctr., St. Louis, MO. Background: We previously reported peripheral insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in HIV-infected men treated with protease inhibitors (PIs). We determined whether central adiposity or hyperinsulinemia contributes more to HIV+PI-associated hypertriglyceridemia. Method |
| 205 | A randomized, multicenter study of protease inhibitor (PI) substitution in aviremic patients with antiretroviral (ARV) lipodystrophy syndrome. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:113 (abstract no. 205) Carr A, Cooper DA; St. Vincent's Hosp., Sydney, Australia. Background: LDS (peripheral lipoatrophy, central fat gain, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia) often complicates PI-containing ARV therapy. Methods: 80 PI recipients with lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS), no prior abacavir (ABV), NNRTI or adefovir (ADV), and plasma HIV RNA or = 6 mths were randomized 2: |
| 206 | Clinical, virological, and immunological benefit of switching the protease inhibitor (PI) by nevirapine (NVP) in HAART-experienced patients suffering lipodystrophy (LD): 36-week follow-up. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:114 (abstract no. 206) Ruiz L, Negredo E, Domingo P, Bonjoch A, Paredes R, Francia E, Balague M, Romeu J, Arno A, Fumaz CR, Johnston S, Sirera G, Tural C, Clotet B; "irsi Caixa" Fndn. Hosp. Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical, biochemical, immunological and virological impact of switching the PI by NVP in HAART-experienced patients (pts) suffering lipodystrophy (LD) with long-lasting plasma HIV suppression. Design: An open label randomized multicenter study. Methods: Eligible pts had to have been on |
| 207 | Accelerated bone mineral loss in HIV-infected patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:114 (abstract no. 207) Tebas P, Powderly WG, Claxton S, Marin D, Tantisiriwat W, Teitelbaum SL, Yarasheski KE; Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., St.Louis, MO. Background: The use of potent antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with multiple metabolic complications whose pathogenesis is poorly understood at the present time. There have been anecdotal reports of bone disorders like avascular necrosis of the hip and compression fractures of the lumbar spine in HIV- |
| 208 | Osteopenia in a randomized, multicenter study of protease inhibitor (PI) substitution in patients with the lipodystrophy syndrome and well-controlled HIV viremia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:114 (abstract no. 208) Hoy J, Hudson J, Law M, Cooper DA; The Alfred Hosp., Melbourne, Australia. Background: Osteopenia has been observed in patients with diabetes, male hypogonadism and inflammatory bowel disease. It has not been studied in HIV-infected patients to date, despite the presence of elevated insulin, low testosterone and elevated cytokine levels in many patients. Methods: 80 HIV-infected patients with |
| 209 | The HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell response in primary HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:114 (abstract no. 209) Nixon DF, Hu J, Goldwitz J, Chandwani R, Ortiz GM, Larsson M, Bhardwaj N, Hurley A, Ho DD, Markowitz M; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. After initial infection with HIV-1 there is a burst of viral replication followed by containment of plasma viremia to a lower set point level. Once this set point is reached there is an inverse correlation between the strength of HIV-1-specific CTL response and plasma load of viral RNA. As the magnitude and breadth of |
| 210 | Decay rates of cell-associated HIV-1 DNA correlate with residual viral replication in patients treated during primary HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:114 (abstract no. 210) Yerly S, Perneger TV, Vora S, Hirschel B, Perrin L; AIDS Ctr., Geneva Univ. Hosp., Switzerland. Patients with primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) respond well to HAART and therefore permit to measure the clearance of residual HIV-1 infection. We assessed using highly sensitive virologic assays (detection limit 3 copies) plasma viremia, cell-associated RNA and DNA levels in 15 PHI patients treated for 24-33 months. Cell |
| 211 | Early therapy of vertical HIV-1 infection: evidence for cessation of viral replication and absence of virus-specific immunity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:115 (abstract no. 211) Luzuriaga K, McManus M, Catalina M, Mayack S, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, Sullivan JL; Univ. of Massachusetts Med. Sch., Worcester. Background: Plasma HIV-1 viral RNA suppression to below the limit of detection of currently available assays has been observed following potent combination antiretroviral therapy of individuals with established infection. However, latently infected cells persist, & detection of labile replication intermediates alon |
| 212 | Primary infection with HIV-1 with reduced drug susceptibility does not appear to result from point source transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:115 (abstract no. 212) Wong JK, Leigh-Brown AJ, Quigg M, Albanil S, Daar E, D'Aquila R, Kaiser P, Connick E, Petropoulos C, Whitcomb J, Hellmann N, Richman DD, Little S; Univ. of California, San Diego. Recent studies of primary HIV infection have demonstrated a subset of drug naïve patients infected with virus with reduced antiviral drug susceptibility. It is not known whether such individuals might be epidemiologically linked. We examined pol sequences from 35 patients recently infected with virus having reduced sus |
| 213 | Newly derived HIV-1 group N and SIVcpz (P.t.t.) strains cluster together in the HIV-1/SIVcpz lineage. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:115 (abstract no. 213) Souquiere S, Roques P, Ayouba A, Nerrienet E, Robertson DL, Muller-Trutwin M, Mauclere P, Barre-Sinoussi F, Simon F; CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon. Studies have shown a close relationship between SIVcpz from common chimpanzees (Pan troglotydes troglotydes) and HIV-1 group N. However, only three SIVcpz (P.t.t.) strains (GAB, US and Cam3) and one HIV-1 N (YBF30) have so far been fully characterized, and a second group N strain (YBF105) partially sequenced in pol. In |
| 214 | Phylogenetic analysis and subtyping of HIV-1 group O. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:115 (abstract no. 214) Roques P, Robertson D, Souquiere S, Damond F, Nerienne E, Farfara I, Dormont D, Brun-Vezinet F, Simon F, Mauclere P; Service de Neurovirologie, CEA, France. Introduction: Three HIV-1 lineages (termed groups M, N and O), each thought to correspond to a separate transmission of SIVcpz from the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes to humans, are currently known. Only one of these clades (group M) can be further subclassifed into multiple clades (termed subtypes) |
| 215 | Surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes in the United States, 1998-present. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:116 (abstract no. 215) Zaidi I, Weinstock H, Parekh B, Saekhou A, Woods T, Daugharty A, Kalish ML; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Background/Objectives: In the United States , HIV-1 infections are predominantly subtype B. However, as the epidemic progresses, the introduction and transmission of different subtypes becomes more likely. We implemented a sentinel surveillance system to monitor the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes. Methods: The study is c |
| 216 | Frequency of new HIV variants among HIV-seropositive individuals worldwide. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:116 (abstract no. 216) Pieniazek D, Fonjungo P, Agwale S, Rayfield M, Nkengasong J, Tanuri A, Downing R, Mastro T, Hu DJ, Folks T, Kalish M; CDC, Atlanta, GA. The finding that HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains represent cross-species transmission of primate lentiviruses to humans indicates that zoonotic transmission may continue to play an important role in the emergence of retroviruses. It is assumed that such transmission occurs frequently, although without subsequent epidemic sprea |
| 217 | Block to HIV-1 assembly in murine cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:116 (abstract no. 217) Mariani R, Krausslich HG, Harris M, Hope T, Landau NR; The Salk Inst. for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA. HIV-1 does not replicate in murine cells, limiting the use of mice in the study of AIDS pathogenesis. We investigated the source of the block to HIV-1 infection in murine cells using a tissue culture system. Murine 3T3 fibroblasts containing an inducible LTR-GFP cassette and stably expressing human CD4, CCR5 and cyclin |
| 218 | Cell cycle G2 arrest induced by HIV-1 Vpr through a novel cellular pathway in fission yeast. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:116 (abstract no. 218) Zhao Y, Elder RT, Yu M, Song XQ, Zhu X, Chen M; Children's Mem. Inst. for Ed. and Res., Northwestern Univ. Med. Sch., Chicago, IL. Expression of HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle G2 arrest in mammalian and fission yeast cells by inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2, the kinase that determines the onset of mitosis in all eukaryotic cells. Since DNA damage and inhibition of DNA synthesis also induce mitotic arrest through inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 |
| 219 | HIV-1 Vpr interferes with cell cycle signaling cascades by interacting with the Balpha subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:117 (abstract no. 219) Hrimich M, Yao XJ, Cohen EA; Univ. de Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Vpr protein of primate lentiviruses induces a cell cycle G2 arrest that was shown to activate transcription from the LTR resulting in increased virus production. Several studies have previously shown that Vpr mediates cell cycle arrest through an inactivation of cyclinB-p34cdc2 kinase and its upstream regulator CDC |
| 220 | Identification of the Nef-associated kinase as p21-activated kinase 2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:117 (abstract no. 220) Renkema H, Manninen A, Mann D, Harris M, Saksela K; Inst. of Med. Technol., Univ. of Tampere, Finland. Nef protein of primate immunodeficiency viruses plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. The interaction of Nef with the Nef associated kinase (NAK) is one of the most conserved features among different HIV and SIV Nef alleles. The role of NAK-association is currently not known but it has been implicated in |
| 221 | HIV-1 Nef attenuates Fas- and TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by inhibiting apoptosis-signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1): potential role in prolonging survival of the HIV-1-infected cell. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:117 (abstract no. 221) Geleziunas R, Xu W, Ferrell S, Takeda K, Ichijo H, Greene WC; Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. HIV and SIV infection of lymphatic tissues leads to significant apoptosis, however the dying cells are usually uninfected. This pattern raises the possibility that programmed cell death may be specifically attenuated in the virally infected cell. Since some of the dying bystander cells are CTLs, such apoptosis may cont |
| 222 | Unusual polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 associated with nonprogressive infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:117 (abstract no. 222) Alexander L, Weiskopf E, Greenough TC, Gaddis NC, Auerbach MR, Malim MH, O'Brien SJ, Walker BD, Sullivan JL, Desrosiers RC; New England Reg. Primate Res. Ctr., Southborough, MA. Full length HIV-1 genome sequences from eight long-term non-progressors were analyzed in order to screen for persistent viral gene defects. Initial sequences were derived from cultured virus in 7 of 8, and from PBMC samples from 1 of 8. Viral genes were examined for rare, difficult-to-revert variants. The long-term, un |
| 223 | Molecular characterization of new primate lentiviruses from DeBrazza, mona, and blue monkeys: evidence for host-dependent evolution within this group of viruses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:117 (abstract no. 223) Bibollet-Ruche F, Courgnaud V, Pourrut X, Mpoudi E, Mwenda J, Hirsch V, Delaporte E, Peeters M, Gao F, Shaw GM, Hahn BH; Howard Hughes Med. Inst., University of Alabama at Birmingham. A recent sero-survey of wild born primates in Cameroon identified two DeBrazza monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus) to harbor HIV/SIV cross-reactive antibodies. To characterize the infecting viruses, we used regular and long PCR methods to amplify viral sequences from uncultured PBMC DNA. This approach yielded subgenomic |
| 224 | HIV-1 is not rapidly cytopathic for directly infected normal human T cells in vitro. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:117 (abstract no. 224) Bucy RP, Derdeyn CA, Keith K, Kilby JM, Saag MS; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham. The rate of death due to direct cytopathicity of HIV infected cells was investigated by infection of PHA activated normal human T cells. The frequency of HIV infected cells was determined by a sensitive in situ hybridization procedure for vRNA and confirmed by quantitation using limiting dilution coculture. A supra-inh |
| 225 | Less aggressive disease and longer survival in AIDS-related lymphomas during HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:118 (abstract no. 225) Cingolani A, Alba L, Ammassari A, Palmieri F, de Luca A, Serraino D, Ciancio B, Ruco L, Larocca LM, Antinori A; Clin. Malattie Infettive, Univ. Cattolica, Rome, Italy. Objectives: To evaluate influence of HAART on development and outcome of AIDS-related NHL and Hodgkin s disease (HD). Methods: consecutive HIV+ pts with NHL or HD observed (6/1997-9/1999). Risks were adjusted by a logistic regression model, and survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression. Resul |
| 226 | Increased expression of stromal-cell derived factor-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from children with AIDS-related lymphoma. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:118 (abstract no. 226) Sei S, O'Neill D, Stewart S, Yang Q, Kumagai M, Zwerski S, Venzon D, Magrath I, Yarchoan R, Mitsuya H; SAIC/NCI/FCRDC, Frederick, MD. We have previously shown that the gene variant of the stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; also called pre-B cell growth stimulating factor), the polymorphism located in the 3 UTR and abbreviated as SDF1-3 A, is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) in HIV-1-infected adults and children. To |
| 227 | A chimeric peptide for the detection of antibodies to human herpesvirus 8. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:118 (abstract no. 227) Pau CP, Lam L, Dollard SC, Pellett PE, Spira T; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Several assays, including immunofluorescence assays, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and immunoblotting, have been reported as useful for detecting antibodies to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). For large-scale, population-based studies, the EIA in a microtiter plate format is preferable because of its higher throughput and ea |
| 228 | Maternal-infant transmission of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in Zambia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:118 (abstract no. 228) Mantina H, Kankasa C, Bhat G, Brayfield B, Du Q, Campbell J, Kasolo F, Mitchell C, Klaskala W, Wood C; Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln. Objective: To determine whether the increased frequency of Kaposi s Sarcoma among Zambian women and children is associated with both (1) a high endemic rate of infection with HHV-8 and (2) the perinatal transmission of HHV-8. Background: Previously, we reported a HHV-8 seroprevalence among Zambian women of child bearin |
| 229 | Pneumocystis carinii mutations are associated with duration of sulfa prophylaxis and with sulfa treatment failure in AIDS patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:119 (abstract no. 229) Kazanjian P, Armstrong W, Hossler PA, Richardson J, Crane L, Katz J, Burman W, Meshnick SR; Univ. of Michigan Hlth. System, Ann Arbor. Background: We have shown that P carinii mutations are more common in AIDS patients with PCP who fail sulfa (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or dapsone) prophylaxis. This study was performed to determine if dose and duration of sulfa prophylaxis influence mutations and whether mutations effect response to sulfa therapy. |
| 230 | Discontinuation of toxoplasmic encephalitis prophylaxis is safe in HIV-1-and T. gondii co-infected patients after immunological recovery with HAART: Preliminary results of the GESIDA 04/98-B study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:119 (abstract no. 230) Miro JM, Lopez JC, Podzamczer D, Pena JM, Alberdi C, Claramonte X, Martinez E, Cosin J, Gonzalez J, Domingo P, Casado JL, Ribera E; GESIDA 04/98B Study Group. Hosps Clin., Barcelona, Spain. Background: Prophylaxis (PRO) to prevent toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is recommended in all HIV-1 infected patients with a positive T. gondii serology who have CD4+ cell counts under 100/microliter or with previous TE episode. However the use of HAART leads to a sustained increase in CD4 cells and currently for some o |
| 231 | Valganciclovir vs. IV ganciclovir as induction therapy for newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis: a randomized, controlled study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:119 (abstract no. 231) Martin D, Sierra-Madero J, Walmsley S, Wolitz R, Brown F, Robinson C; Roche Global Development, Palo Alto, CA. Background: Valganciclovir (VGCV) is an orally bioavailable monovalyl ester prodrug that is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active nucleoside analogue ganciclovir. The bioavailability of (GCV) from VGCV is 60% and 900 mg of VGCV provides a GCV exposure (AUC) comparable to IV GCV 5 mg/kg. Methods: We studied the safety and ef |
| 232 | A multicenter randomized trial comparing amphotericin B (AmB) and liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome, LAmB) as induction therapy of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) in AIDS patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:119 (abstract no. 232) Johnson P, Wheat L, Cloud G, Powderly W, Lancaster D, Bamberger D, Goldman M, Hafner R, Dismukes W; Univ. of Texas, Houston. We conducted a double-blind comparison of AmB vs LAmB as 2 week induction therapy of moderate to severe DH in 81 AIDS patients enrolled at 21 sites. Among 73 evaluable patients randomized in a 2:1 ratio, 22 received AmB and 51 LAmB for a duration of 7 to 16 days. Baseline characteristics of the two treatment groups wer |
| 233 | Measuring the replicative fitness of recombinant HIV-1 vectors expressing protease and reverse transcriptase derived from patient viruses. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:120 (abstract no. 233) Wrin T, Gamarnik A, Paxinos E, Ziermann R, Huang W, Limoli K, Heilek-Snyder G, Sartoris M, Whitcomb J, Parkin N, Hellmann N, Petropoulos C; ViroLogic, South San Francisco, CA. Background: Suboptimal antiretroviral therapy frequently promotes the emergence of HIV-1 variants containing reverse transcriptase (RT) and/or protease (PR) mutations that enable the virus to replicate in the presence of drug. Some investigators have ascribed a potential clinical benefit to the reduced replication effi |
| 234 | Reduced susceptibility to NRTI is associated with NNRTI hypersensitivity in virus from HIV-1-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:120 (abstract no. 234) Whitcomb J, Deeks S, Huang W, Wrin T, Paxinos E, Limoli K, Hoh R, Hellmann N, Petropoulos C; ViroLogic, South San Francisco, CA. Background: Recent clinical trials evaluating salvage regimens in NRTI-experienced patients (ACTG 364, ACTG 370) have suggested a superior virologic response in the NNRTI-containing treatment arms. We have observed increased NNRTI susceptibility ( hypersensitivity ) among viruses containing NRTI resistance mutations. T |
| 235 | Salvage therapy with saquinavir SGC (SQV) in combination with ritonavir (RTV) or nelfinavir (NFV) plus delavirdine (DLV), adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), or both - ACTG 359. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:120 (abstract no. 235) Gulick RM, Hu XJ, Fiscus SA, Fletcher CV, Haubrich R, Cheng H, Lagakos S, Acosta E, Swanstrom R, Mills C, Snyder S, Fischl M, Pettinelli C, Katzenstein D; Cornell Univ., New York. Background: Long-term response to salvage antiretroviral therapy is unknown. Objectives: To compare six salvage antiretroviral regimens over 48 weeks. Design: Prospective, randomized study of HIV+, NNRTI-naïve subjects who took > or = 6 months of indinavir (IDV) with HIV RNA (Amplicor) 2000-200,000 copies (cps)/ml |
| 236 | Delayed immunologic deterioration among patients who virologically fail protease inhibitor-based therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:120 (abstract no. 236) Deeks SG, Barbour JD, Martin JN, Grant RM; San Francisco Gen. Hosp., CA. Background: CD4 preservation after virologic failure of protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens has been observed, although the duration of follow-up has been limited. We sought to determine the time to immunologic failure in patients receiving long-term PI-based therapy. Methods: In this ongoing clinic-based obser |
| 237 | Phenotypic resistance testing significantly improves response to therapy: a randomized trial (VIRA3001). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:120 (abstract no. 237) Cohen C, Hunt S, Sension M, Farthing C, Conant M, Jacobson S, Nadler J, Verbiest W, Hertogs K, Ames M, Rinehart A, Graham N; Virco, Mechelen, Belgium. Objective: Open-label, randomized comparison of phenotypic resistance testing (Antivirogram; AVG) guided therapy (Tx) switch vs. standard of care (SOC) in subjects failing first PI-containing HAART regimen. Design: 271 subjects with > or = 2 NRTIs and 1 PI prior Tx and plasma viral load (VL) > 2,000 copies/mL were rand |
| 238 | Selection of antiretroviral resistance in the latent reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during successful therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:121 (abstract no. 238) Martinez-Picado J, DePasquale MP, Kartsonis NA, Hanna G, Wong J, Finzi D, Rosenberg E, Gunthard H, Sutton L, Savara A, Petropoulos C, Hellmann N, Walker BD, Richman DD, Siliciano R, D'Aquila RT; Massachusetts Gen. Hosp. & Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, MA. Introduction: Latent integrated HIV-1 can be reactivated in vitro from resting memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. Low level virus replication may continue in vivo even when plasma HIV-1 RNA is 50 copies/ml. However, initial studies did not identify new drug resistance mutations in replication-competent HIV recovered in vitro f |
| 239 | Relationship between preexisting latent viral reservoirs and the reemergence of plasma viremia after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:121 (abstract no. 239) Chun TW, Davey R, Ostrowski M, Engel D, Mullins J, Lane C, Fauci A; NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD. The persistence of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV has been well documented in HIV-infected individuals who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and in whom successful suppression of plasma viremia has been achieved. Although this latent viral r |
| 240 | Influence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on productive and latent HIV infection and on viral rebound. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:121 (abstract no. 240) Stellbrink HJ, Van Lunzen J, Westby M, O'Sullivan E, Cammack N, Adam A, Weitner L, Kuhlmann B, Hoffmann C, Horst H, Fenske S, Schmidt-Hartnack G, Aries SP, Dalhoff K, Schneider C, Degen O, Hufert FT, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P; Univ. Hosp. Eppendorf, Bernhard Nocht Inst., Hamburg, Germany. Objective: To assess if IL-2 has a direct or indirect antiviral effect in vivo. Methods: Open, randomized comparison of quadruple-drug HAART vs. HAART + IL-2 in 56 patients with >350/mm3 CD4+ T cells or recent seroconversion. Plasma viremia and T-cell subsets were determined at days 0,14,28, and monthly, after Tx disco |
| 241 | Low rates of all opportunistic infections among patients with advanced HIV disease responding to antiretroviral therapy - the CPCRA 048 cohort. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:121 (abstract no. 241) Burman W, El-Sadr W, Grant L, Matts J, Zeh D, Gallagher B, Hafner R, Crane L, Gordin F; The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clin. Res. on AIDS. Background: There have been concerns that patients with advanced HIV disease would remain vulnerable to opportunistic infections (OIs) despite a CD4 cell response to highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because of permanent deletion of key CD4 cell clones. We evaluated the risk of OIs among patients responding |
| 242 | Prevention of opportunistic infections other than mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin (AZ) prophylaxis in subjects with increases in CD4 cells on antiretroviral therapy (ART) - preliminary results. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:121 (abstract no. 242) Koletar SL, Currier JS, Williams PL, Hafner R, Murphy RL, Cohn S, Knirsch C, Nevin T, McCuthchan JA; Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Background: Recent reports suggest that specific prophylaxis for MAC can be safely discontinued in patients (pts) who sustain ART-induced increases in CD4 counts. Whether this benefit extends to other opportunistic infections is less clear. Methods: In a prospective, placebo-controlled randomized trial, pts with increa |
| 243 | Discontinuing primary and secondary PCP prophylaxis in patients who have increased CD4 counts in response to antiretroviral therapy: preliminary results - ACTG 888. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:122 (abstract no. 243) Koletar SL, Heald AE, Murphy RL, Hafner R, Nevin T, Taylor J, Finkelstein D; Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Background: Guidelines for primary and secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) are well-established, but improvements in markers of immune function due to antiretroviral therapies (ART) have effected reassessment of this standard practice. Methods: Patients (pts) in this prospective observationa |
| 244 | The Swiss stopcox study: is it safe to discontinue PCP prophylaxis in patients with detectable viremia, low nadir CD4 count or T. gondii seropositivity? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:122 (abstract no. 244) Furrer H, Opravil M, Rossi M, Bernasconi E, Telenti A, Bucher H, Hirschel B, Vernazza P, Rickenbach M, Flepp M, Egger M; Swiss HIV Cohort Ctrs. of Bern, Switzerland. Background: As shown previously, discontinuation of primary PCP prophylaxis is safe in patients with sustained increase of CD4 counts (NEJM 1999;340:1301). To further address the safety of this strategy in patients with low nadir CD4 counts, detectable viremia or those at risk of developping toxoplasma encephalitis (TE |
| 245 | Indinavir and other HIV protease inhibitors decrease pneumocystis carinii in vitro growth. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:122 (abstract no. 245) Atzori C, Angeli E, Agostoni F, Mainini A, Micheli V, Cargnel A; L. Sacco Hosp., Milan, Italy. Background and rationale: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) was frequently observed among AIDS patients before the introduction of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) in HAART treatment. The drop of PCP episodes is currently interpreted as the beneficial effect of therapy against HIV allowing immunological reconstitutio |
| 246 | Discontinuing or withholding primary prophylaxis against M. avium in patients on successful antiretroviral combination therapy: the Swiss HIV cohort experience. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:122 (abstract no. 246) Furrer H, Telenti A, Rossi M, Ledergerber B; Univ. Hosp. Bern, Switzerland. Objective: To assess the safety of discontinuing or withholding primary prophylaxis against disseminated M.avium infection (dMAC) in HIV infected patients on successful antiretroviral combination therapy . Setting: National prospective multicenter cohort study. Design: HIV-infected patients were eligible for the analys |
| 247 | Prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex can be deferred among patients with a past CD4 count <50 cells/mm3 who responded to antiretroviral therapy: results of a placebo-controlled trial (CPCRA 048). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:122 (abstract no. 247) El-Sadr WM, Burman W, Grant L, Matts JP, Zeh D, Crane L, Gallagher B, Gordin F, Hafner R; The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clin. Res. on AIDS. Background: Recent data suggest that immune response to ART may protect against MAC and other opportunistic infections (OIs). However, no data are available from prospective clinical trials on whether to continue PROPHY for MAC in such pts. Methods: Pts with CD4 rebound from 100 cells/mm3 due to ART were randomized t |
| 248 | Short-course 2-month regimen for latent M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected patients in Broward County, FL. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:122 (abstract no. 248) Kellman M, Narita M, McMillan M, Hollender E, Ashkin D; TB Control Program, Broward County Hlth. Dept., Lantana, FL. Background: Recent CDC guidelines on TB prevention and treatment in HIV-infected patients recommended a daily 2-month TB preventive therapy of a rifamycin (rifampin [RIF] or rifabutin [RBT]) and pyrazinamide for tuberculin skin test [TST] positive (+) patients. One study done in Haiti showed a biweekly 2-mo regimen t |
| 249 | Immunogenicity of revaccination with pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:123 (abstract no. 249) Fleming C, Cilento J, Steger K, McNamara E, Pelton S, Craven D; Boston Med. Ctr., MA. Obiective: To assess the serological response to revaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax(R)) in HIV-infected adults on ART. Methods: 25 HIV-infected adults on ART who had previously received Pneumovax(R) were revaccinated: 18 were male; mean age was 43 years, and all were receiving a protease inhib |
| 250 | Discontinuation of antifungal therapy for cryptococcosis after immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:123 (abstract no. 250) Aberg JA, Price RW, Heeren DM, Pearce RB, Bredt B; Univ of California, San Francisco. Objective: To determine if anti-cryptococcal therapy can be withdrawn from subjects who have received twelve months of fluconazole therapy, are asymptomatic for cryptococcosis for at least 16 weeks, have CD4+ count > 150 cells/microliter and are on antiretroviral therapy for 16 weeks; and to estimate the duration of ti |
| 251 | Evidence for the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the induction of HIV-1 in mycobacterial coinfections. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:123 (abstract no. 251) Guenthner P, Cabrera T, Turner J, Quinn F, Lal R, Dezzutti C; CDC, Atlanta, GA. We have previously shown that clinical Mycobacterium avium isolates concomitantly induce HIV-1 expression and MMP-9 production in an acute, in vitro T-cell model. Our purpose was to determine if HIV-1 expression and MMP-9 production correlated with other clinical mycobacterial isolates and if MMP-9 alone can induce HIV |
| 252 | Antiretrovirals can restore anti-mycobacterial T-cell responses and control fatal tuberculosis-like disease in SIV/mycobacterium bovis BCG-coinfected monkeys. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:123 (abstract no. 252) Shen L, Shen Y, Sehgal P, Miller M, Emini EA, Henckler B, Simon M, Webber S, Chen ZW; BIDMC Boston and Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, MA. While HAART has improved the prognosis of HIV infection, little is known whether it can reduce the incidence of primary or reactivation tuberculosis in HIV-infected humans. We have recently demonstrated that M. bovis BCG infection can result in the development of fatal tuberculosis-like disease in SIV-infected but not |
| 253 | Risk factors for disseminated MAC (dMAC) in MAC II: role of preexisting mycobacterial antibody and exposure to colonized water. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:124 (abstract no. 253) Von Reyn F, Arbeit R, Waddell R, Horsburgh C, Ristola M, Lein A, Tosteson A; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Med. Ctr., Lebanon, NH. AIDS patients with CD4 counts |
| 254 | Frequency of isolation of M. avium complex (MAC) from marrow in patients suspected of disseminated MAC (DMAC) but with negative blood cultures. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:124 (abstract no. 254) MacGregor RR, Perlman DC, Murphy R, Inderlied C, Bermudez L, Andersen J, Bassily E, Koletar S, Peterson D, Hafner R; AIDS Clin. Trials Group, Bethesda, MD. DMAC is a late complication of AIDS associated with profound immunosuppression. In a prospective multicenter trial, we examined clinical, microbiological, and immunological characteristics of 19 patients with or = 1 signs/symptoms (s/s) suggestive of DMAC. Evaluations included MAC culture of blood, marrow, respiratory, |
| 255 | Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on the risk of tuberculosis among persons with HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:124 (abstract no. 255) Girardi E, Antonucci G, Vanacore P, Libanore M, Errante I, Matteelli A, Ippolito G; IRCCS Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. Background: The HIV epidemic has substantially contributed to the resurgence of tuberculosis . Increasing use of combination antiretroviral therapy determined a substantial decrease in the incidence of HIV-associated illnesses in several industrialized countries. However, the impact of new antiretroviral therapies on t |
| 256 | Does tuberculosis treatment alter immunological and virological response to HAART? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:124 (abstract no. 256) Edwards S, Dean G, Matthews G, Fox E, Wood C, Navaratne L, Churchill D, Taylor G, Taylor C, De Ruiter A, Pozniak A; King's Coll. Hosp., London, UK. Introduction: Short-course rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment in HIV-positive individuals is highly effective. Although PK data supports the use of modified HAART with TB therapy, not all drug-drug interactions have been studied, especially for NNRTIs and intermittent TB courses. No large-scale clinical study |
| 257 | Localized mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome (LMIRS): long-term outcome and discontinuation of mycobacterial therapy (MRx). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:124 (abstract no. 257) Phillips P, Craib K, Sestak P, De Wet J, Voigt R, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner JS; St. Paul's Hosp., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Objective: To describe the clinical course and long-term outcome following discontinuation of MRx in HIV patients with LMIRS. Methods: Patients enrolled in the BC CfE Drug Program for HIV/AIDS and diagnosed with MIRS (JAIDS 1999;20:122) were followed prospectively. Those continuing MRx were offered enrollment into an o |
| 258 | CNS manifestations of paradoxical reaction in HIV+ TB patients on HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:124 (abstract no. 258) Hollender E, Narita M, Ashkin D, Nunez A, Akinlabi O, Huang N, Stambaugh JJ, McFeely J; A. G. Holley State Tuberculosis Hosp., Univ. of Miami, FL. Background: We recently reported the phenomenon of paradoxical reaction (PR) in HIV+ patients with TB started on HAART. We now report cases of CNS manifestations of the PR. Method: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all HIV+ patients admitted to AGH from 12/1/97-11/30/98. Those with a PR with CNS manifestatio |
| 259 | Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients: a complicated course of therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:125 (abstract no. 259) Dworkin M, McCombs S, Adams M, Jones J, Davidson A, Cohn D, McCarthy W, Thompson M, Morse A, Horwitch C, Buskin S; CDC, Atlanta, GA. In the past decade, many new medications have been used to treat HIV-infected patients; several have potential to interact with and complicate TB therapy. Few data are available from routine clinical practice on this subject in the United States in recent years. We reviewed medical records of 146 episodes of culture-po |
| 260 | Cytokine response in the cerebrospinal fluid during AIDS-associated cryptococcus neoformans infection: markers of meningeal involvement and potential prognostic indicators. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:125 (abstract no. 260) Lortholary O, Dromer F, Mathoulin S, Fitting C, Improvisi L, Cavaillon JM, Dupont B; Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France. The local immune response and the mutual relationship between Cryptococcus neoformans and HIV have never been investigated during cryptococcal meningitis. Pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in CSF were thus measured by ELISA before (d0), at week 2 and 3 months in 51 HIV-positive (HIV+) patients with culture-confirmed c |
| 261 | Comparison of antigen clearance during treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis with itraconazole vs. fluconazole in patients with AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:125 (abstract no. 261) Wheat J, Connolly P, Brizendine E, Hafner R; Indiana Univ. Sch. of Med., Indianapolis. Disseminated histoplasmosis is a common and serious infection in patients with AIDS. Histoplasma antigen levels in the urine and blood of patients with histoplasmosis can be used as an indicator to monitor antifungal therapy. Two separate clinical trials were conducted by the ACTG and MSG to evaluate the efficacy of fl |
| 262 | Antimicrosporidial effects of the sesquiterpenes, fumagillin, TNP-470, and eight ovalicin deriviatives, in vitro and in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:125 (abstract no. 262) Didier ES, Nasr M, Leblanc J, Bertucci DC, Phillips J, Didier PJ; Tulane Reg. Primate Res. Ctr., Covington, LA. Effective therapies are lacking for all the species of microsporidia that cause opportunistic infections in humans (eg. AIDS). The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the efficacies of fumagillin and related compounds in a tissue culture system and in lethally-infected athymic mice. Fumagillin inhibited replicatio |
| 263 | Sequential expression of IL-15, interferon gamma, and IL-4 in cryptosporidiosis patients during immune reconstitution with HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:125 (abstract no. 263) Okhuysen PC, Robinson P, Lewis DE, Shahab I, Lahoti S, Chappell CL, White AC Jr; The Univ. of Texas Houston Med. Sch., Sch. of Publ. Hlth. Previous studies by our group have shown that resolution of primary cryptosporidiosis infection in healthy adults is associated with the production of IL-15 by intraepithelial lymphocytes. In contrast, re-infection in sensitized individuals is associated with production of gamma interferon and IL-4 by lamina propria ly |
| 264 | Relapsing visceral leishmaniasis despite effective protease inhibitor therapy in AIDS patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:126 (abstract no. 264) Casado JL, Lopez-Velez R, Pintado V, Antela A, Quereda C, Perez-Elias MJ, Moreno S; Ramon y Cajal Hosp., Madrid, Spain. Background: Protease inhibitor (PI) therapy has been shown to reduce the incidence and recurrence of different opportunistic infections. However, no data have been communicated about the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in AIDS patients receiving this therapy. Methods: Prospective study of 10 patients with a diag |
| 265 | Drug resistant S. typhimurium in HIV-infected persons. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:126 (abstract no. 265) Fisk T, Lundberg B, Ray S, Farley M; Emory Univ. Sch. of Med., Atlanta, GA. Context: Salmonella infections, including bacteremia, are often serious and can be recurrent in patients with HIV infection. Serotype S. typhimurium is of concern due to the increase in multi-drug resistant strains, such as definitive type 104 (DT104). Objectives: To investigate whether drug-resistant strains of S. typ |
| 266 | A 2-year, multicenter study of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients receiving protease inhibitor therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:126 (abstract no. 266) Casado JL, Arrizabalaga J, Mallolas J, Salas A; Ramon y Cajal Hosp., Madrid, Spain. Background: The incidence of new cases or relapses of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) has decreased after protease inhibitor (PI) introduction. However, no large studies have defined the natural history of this disease in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Observational, multicenter study of a cohort o |
| 267 | Long-term effects of HAART on morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients at risk for CMV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:126 (abstract no. 267) Martinez E, Buira E, Mallolas J, Garcia MA, Blanco JL, Garcia F, Miro JM, Pumarola T, Gatell JM; Hosp. Clin. Univ., Barcelona, Spain. Objective: To assess the long-term impact of HAART on morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected patients at risk for CMV disease. Methods: 120 consecutive patients with |
| 268 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunity in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:127 (abstract no. 268) Weinberg A, Wohl DA, Brown D, Noetzel C, Ray G, Van Der Horst C; Univ. Colorado Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Denver. HAART produces potent and durable suppression of HIV replication, elevates CD4 cell counts, and decreases opportunistic infections, including CMV . Nevertheless, CMV end-organ disease has been reported in HAART recipients, and criteria for stopping anti-CMV prophylaxis are under investigation. This study compares CMV i |
| 269 | Progressive reduction of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:127 (abstract no. 269) Grosse V, Heiken H, Weber K, Mendila M, Jacobs R, Schmidt RE; Hannover Med. Sch., Germany. Background of study: Visualization of antigen-specific T cells has become an important tool in studying immune responses. The detection of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells against CMV during the HIV-1 infection can provide important insight into the role of these cells in HIV host defense. Objective: To study frequencies |
| 270 | Immune recovery uveitis in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis after highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:127 (abstract no. 270) Jabs DA, Nguyen QD, Kempen JH, Bolton SG, Dunn JP; Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Baltimore, MD. Purpose: To estimate the incidence and describe the characteristics of immune recovery uveitis (IRU) in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods:The records of all patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis seen at a single center from 1995 to |
| 271 | Reappearance of human cytomegalovirus DNA in blood of HIV-positive patients after 2.5 years of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:127 (abstract no. 271) Baldanti F, D'Arminio Monforte A, Zavattoni M, Maserati R, Testa L, Revello MG, Gerna G; IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy. The prevalence of HCMV DNA in blood of HIV-infected individuals receiving HAART was investigated in: i) 33 patients with baseline CD4+ cell counts |
| 272 | Recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) despite apparent immune reconstitution. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:127 (abstract no. 272) Johnson S, Benson C, Johnson D, Weinberg A; Univ. of Colorado Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Denver. The use of HAART has led to a marked reduction in the incidence of CMV disease in patients with AIDS. In addition, CMV treatment has been discontinued in many patients who have responded to HAART without recurrence of CMV disease. We report our extensive virological and immunological evaluation of a 42 year old male wi |
| 273 | Multicenter evaluation of CMV reactivation in HIV-infected women at potential risk for CMV disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:127 (abstract no. 273) Bush CE, Klein RS, Donovan RM, Ing DJ, Jabs D, Mayer K, Schuman P, Tashima K; Henry Ford Hosp., Detroit, MI. Objective: To evaluate three quantitative methods for measuring CMV viral load (Chiron 2.0 CMV bDNA, Digene CMV DNA Hybrid-Capture, and Biotest CMV pp65 antigen) and to correlate load with patient history of antiretroviral therapy and CMV disease. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal masked study of 121 HIV-infected, CMV |
| 274 | CMV viremia and the risk of CMV end-organ disease (EOD) or death in patients with AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:128 (abstract no. 274) Wohl D, Ngo B, Fiscus S, Handy J, Alcorn T, Cronin M, Pan W, Rosen D, Van Der Horst C; Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Background: CMV continues to be a severe opportunistic infection among persons with AIDS, especially those who are not benefiting from antiretroviral therapy. As CMV viremia often precedes CMV disease, a sensitive assay for viremia may predict disease. We compared the ability of 4 methods of CMV viremia detection to pr |
| 275 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and HIV RNA levels in individuals with hemophilia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:128 (abstract no. 275) Sabin C, Devereux H, Clewley G, Emery V, Phillips A, Loveday C, Lee C, Griffiths P; Royal Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, UK. Infection with CMV is common amongst HIV-infected individuals, but its impact on HIV disease progression remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CMV infection on the evolution of HIV RNA levels in 109 hemophilic men infected with HIV for up to 20 years. A further aim was to consider whe |
| 276 | High prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions related to HPV infection in HIV-infected intravenous drug users. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:128 (abstract no. 276) Piketty C, Darragh TM, Da Costa M, Heard I, Kazatchkine MD, Palefsky JM; Hopital Broussais, Paris, France. Objective: A high prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and HPV infection has been observed in HIV-infected homosexual males. To date, the prevalence of anal SIL and HPV infection has not been evaluated in HIV-infected intravenous drug users (IVDU) in the absence of receptive anal intercourse. |
| 277 | The effect of CCR5delta32 heterozygosity on hepatitis C viral load in HIV-1-infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:128 (abstract no. 277) Kaplan MH, Wang XP, Bruckner R, Tetali S, Zhang F, Ginocchio CC; North Shore Univ. Hosp., NSUH-LIJ Hlth. Systems, Manhasset, NY. Purpose: To Examine the relationship between Hepatitis C (HepC) viral load and the presence of CCR5delta32 heterozygosity (WT/delta32) in patients (PTs) concomittantly infected with HIV-1 Materials and Methods: PTs with HIV were screened for the presence of HepC antibody (Aby) using ELI |
| 278 | Predictors of detectable hepatitis C virus-RNA (HCV-RNA) levels in HIV+/HCV+ patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:128 (abstract no. 278) Mir J, Fleming C, Steger K, Koziel M, Hereen T, Nunes D, Craven D; Boston Med. Ctr., MA. Objective: To correlate HCV-RNA levels in HIV+/HCV+ patients with demographics, CD4 count, HIV-RNA, liver function tests (LFT s) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) Methods: Using stored serum, we retrospectively tested 71 consecutive HIV+/HCV+ patients entering HIV care for HCV-RNA by the b-DNA assay (Bayer). Results wer |
| 279 | Histological damage of hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:129 (abstract no. 279) Tor J, Tural C, Ojanguren I, Romeu J, Fuster D, Rovira C, Sirera G, Jimenez JA, Muga R, Rey-Joly C, Clotet B; IRSI-Caixa Fndn., Hosp., Univ. Germans Trias i Pujol, Spain. Objectives: 1) To study if patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfection have a worse histologycal status than those with hepatitis C alone; 2) to evaluate the correlation of the histologycal status with enzymatic levels, CD4 counts and HIV and HCV viral loads in HIV infected patients. Methods: We evaluated |
| 280 | The relationship between hepatitis C virus and HIV infection in hemophiliacs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:129 (abstract no. 280) Daar ES, Lynn H, Donfield S, Gomperts ED, Hilgartner MW, Hoots WK, Chernoff D, Arkin S, Wong WY, Winkler C; Cedars-Sinai and Univ. of California at Los Angeles. Background: HCV/HIV co-infection is common in hemophiliacs. This study explores the relationship between these pathogens. Methods: We studied 207 HIV-infected and 121 uninfected hemophiliacs with HCV infection who in 1989-90 enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. CD4+ cells and plasma HCV RNA were |
| 281 | Impact of HIV on progression to end-stage liver disease in HCV coinfected hemophiliacs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:129 (abstract no. 281) Ragni M; Univ. of Pittsburgh Med. Ctr. and Hemophilia Ctr., PA. HCV/HIV co-infection is the major co-morbid condition in hemophilia. Yet, the impact of HIV on liver disease in hemophiliacs exposed to hepatitis C and B viruses in the early 1970s and HIV a decade later (1982-3), through clotting factor, is unknown. We have prospectively followed 199 hemophiliacs with chronic hepatiti |
| 282 | HIV-protease inhibitor therapy decreases the liver fibrosis progression rate in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:129 (abstract no. 282) Bochet M, Di Martino V, Thibault V, Colombet G, Charlotte F, Liou A, Calvez V, Bricaire F, Poynard T, Katlama C, Benhamou Y; Groupe Hosp. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Background: HCV-related liver fibrosis progression is accelerated in HIV infected patients. The impact of protease inhibitor therapy (PI) on liver fibrosis progression is unknown. Objective: To study the impact of combination anti-retroviral therapy including PI on liver fibrosis progression rate (FPR). Methods: A coho |
| 283 | Interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) in HIV-coinfected patients. 12-month follow-up. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:129 (abstract no. 283) Weisz K, Goldman D, Talal A, Malicdem M, Dieterich D; Liberty Med. LLP, New York. As HIV patients live longer, liver disease from HCV has become more important. HCV has been declared an official opportunistic infection by the USPHS in 1999. Combination IFN/RBV can result in large decreases in HCV RNA levels, compared to IFN alone. Methods: Because of in vitro inhibition of phosphorylation of |
| 284 | Interferon + ribavirin in HIV+ patients with chronic hepatitis C. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:129 (abstract no. 284) Perez-Olmeda M, Gonzalez J, Garcia-Samaniego J, Arribas J, Pena J, Soriano V; Inst. de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is now recognized as an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV+ individuals, in which progression to cirrhosis seems to be accelerated. Until recently alphaIFN was the only available treatment for CHC, although the results were poor: sustained response (SR) occurred in |
| 285 | HBV DNA breakthrough during lamivudine therapy in HIV-HBV-coinfected patients under HAART therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:130 (abstract no. 285) Batisse D, Landau A, Duong Van Huyen JP, Picketty C, Jian R, Weiss L, Kazatchkine MD; Hop. Broussais, Paris, France. Aim: To examine the emergence of HBV DNA breakthrough in 44 HIV-HBV coinfected patients under HAART after 18 months of lamivudine (300mg/d) Results: At baseline the mean CD4 cells counts, HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were 220/mm3; 17489pg/ml and 71UI respectively. Liver biopsies (n=28) revealed chronic activ |
| 286 | Failure of sequential nucleoside analog therapy for HBV in HIV-1/HBV-coinfected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:130 (abstract no. 286) Matthews G, Cane P, Ratcliffe D, Gazzard B, Nelson M, Pillay D; Chelsea and Westminster Hosp., London, UK. Lamivudine (LAM) is an effective inhibitor of HBV. Nevertheless, monotherapy may lead to HBV drug resistance and consequent hepatitis flares . Since there is widespread use of this drug in HIV-1/HBV co-infected individuals (effectively HBV monotherapy), we have evaluated the virological and clinical response to lamiv |
| 287 | Perivascular brain macrophages are a major target of SIV infection: implications for the neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:130 (abstract no. 287) Corey S, Westmoreland S, Pauley D, Knight H, Debakker C, Alvarez X, Lackner A, Williams K; New England Reg. Primate Res. Ctr., Harvard Med. Sch., Southborough, MA. Identification of CNS cells infected by HIV/SIV remains controversial, though cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are considered to be major targets. Using immunohistochemistry and immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization we have studied the immune phenotype of cells in the brain that are infected |
| 288 | Glial differentiation, activation, and/or viral infection influence the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases: implications for HIV-1-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:130 (abstract no. 288) Ghorpade A, Persidskaia R, Che M, Lanbenz C, Persidsky Y, Gendelman HE; Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), by circulating leukocytes and/or glial cells, can influence monocyte migration into brain and thereby affect HIV-1 associated neurological disorders. MMPs when produced by microglia and astrocytes can degrade the neurophils extracellular matrix (ECM) and affect neuron |
| 289 | alpha-chemokines and their receptors in neuronal signaling: relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:131 (abstract no. 289) Zheng J, Niemann D, Bauer M, Leisman GB, Cotter RL, Ryan LA, Lopez A, Williams C, Ghorpade A, Gendelman HE; Univ. Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. Chemokines and their receptors, which regulate HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages, are also expressed on neural cells (microglia, astrocytes and/or neurons). The interaction between chemokine receptors, their ligand(s) and viral products affect the onset and/or tempo of HIV-1 associated |
| 290 | CD40L activation of mononuclear phagocytes: regulation of HIV-1 replication, beta-chemokine production, and beta-chemokine receptor expression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:131 (abstract no. 290) Cotter R, Zheng J, Thomas E, Gendelman HE; Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection revolves around viral infection and immune activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MP), which include brain macrophages and microglia. Such infected MP, found in abundance within the CNS, may gain the ability to modulate viral infection and immune competence through interactions w |
| 291 | IL-8 inhibits neuronal long-term potentiation: a potential mechanism for cognitive decline in HIV-1-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:131 (abstract no. 291) Xiong H, Boyle J, Winkelbauer M, Zeng YC, Zheng J, Gendelman HE; Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. HIV-1-infected and immune-activated mononuclear phagocytes (MP) (brain macrophages/microglia) and astrocytes secrete neurotoxic factors that affect the tempo of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). The identification and relative role of each of the glia-produced toxins in HAD awaits definition. Recently, interleukin-8 (IL |
| 292 | Impairments of blood-brain barrier function in HIV-1-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:131 (abstract no. 292) Persidsky Y, Rasmussen J, Suryadevara R, Poluektova L, Zelyvianskaya M, Moran T, Miller D, Gendelman HE; Univ. Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. HAD pathogenesis is influenced by blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. How this occurs is not well understood. Tight junctions (TJ) and TJ proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) formed by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) ensure the BBB s structural integrity. The BMVEC P-glycoprotein (P-gp) limit access of putativ |
| 293 | Evaluation of highly active anti-retroviral therapeutic regimens for treatment of spreading viral infection in brains of SCID mice with HIV-1 encephalitis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:131 (abstract no. 293) Limoges J, Poluektova L, Ratanasuwan W, Rasmussen J, Zelivyanskaya M, McClernon DR, Lanier ER, Gendelman HE, Persidsky Y; Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. The central nervous system (CNS) is a reservoir for persistent HIV-1 infection and a potential source of viral resistance. It is currently not known which combinations of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), if any, would best abrogate viral infection in brain. To address this issue, we utilized a SCID mouse |
| 294 | MRI and MRS in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:132 (abstract no. 294) Hall C, Doriswamy M, Charles C, Krishnan R, Kapoor C, Robertson W, Fiscus S, Robertson K; Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Objective: Brain MRS and morphometric analysis of brain MRI could be potential early and sensitive indicators of nervous system involvement and progression in HIV infection. Methods: Between-subject morphometric comparisons were conducted on 59 subjects. Volumes were adjusted by baseline total brain volume or baseline |
| 295 | Investigation of the proposed protective effect of HHV-8 against HIV-1-related dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:132 (abstract no. 295) Polk S, Jacobson LP, Sacktor N, Jenkins F, Cohen B, Miller E, Munoz A; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Objective: To assess the putative protective effect of HHV-8 against HIV-related dementia . This protection had been proposed since both HHV-8 and HIV may use the CCR3 receptors and thereby compete to infect microglial cells in the brain. Methods: A case-control study nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a coho |
| 296 | Monocyte immunity as a predictor for HIV-1-associated dementia. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:132 (abstract no. 296) Ryan L, Swindells S, Zheng J, Brester M, Ratanasuwan W, Cotter R, Bohac D, Anderson J, Gendelman H; Univ. Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. Whether or not peripheral immune responses affect HIV-1 associated cognitive impairment remains uncertain. To address this issue, we are prospectively following 27 patients with advanced HIV-1 disease with or without neurological dysfunction. Clinical, immune, viral, neuropsychological (NP) and neuroradiological tests |
| 297 | Gender and neurological functioning in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:132 (abstract no. 297) Robertson K, Vaughn B, Kapoor C, Robertson W, Kalkowski J, Fiscus S, Helms R, Hall C; Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Objective: Despite increases in the number of HIV infected females over the last several years, little is known about HIV neurological disease in women. We are conducting a longitudinal study of gender differences in HIV related central and peripheral nervous system disease. Methods: At baseline, thirty-four HIV+ femal |
| 298 | Feasibility study of the disease management assistance system: a potential adherence-enhancing device. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:132 (abstract no. 298) Andrade A, Wu A, Selnes O, Hill C, Letzt A, Seifert R, Kaseman D, Myers W, Lefkowitz J, McArthur JC; The Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Background: Failure to remember to take antiretrovirals (ARVs) has been identified as a major barrier to adequate adherence. This is even of greater concern among patients who have HIV dementia (HIV-D). We conducted an 8-week pilot study to test the feasibility of a novel electronic device designed to enhance adherence |
| 299 | Clinical and virological correlates of longer survival in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:133 (abstract no. 299) De Luca A, Giancola ML, Ammassari A, Grisetti S, Paglia MG, Gentile M, Cingolani A, Murri R, D'Arminio Monforte A, Antinori A; Clin. Malattie Infettive, Univ. Cattolica, IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Milano, Italy. PML is highly lethal and invalidating. Some patients show longer survival with HAART. Objective:To analyze the association of clinical, therapeutical, virological and immunological variables with survival in pts with AIDS-related PML. Design: Analysis of consecutive HIV+ pts with PML from 3 tertiary care centers (diagn |
| 300 | Molecular epidemiology of JCV in France: viral genotypes present in urine and CSF or brain biopsy in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:133 (abstract no. 300) Dubois V, Moret H, Icart J, Ruffault A, Buffet-Janvresse C, Dussaix E, Ingrand D; Hosp. Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. JC virus becomes pathogenis in immunocompromised hosts, in whom it triggers progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Although its DNA displays enough stability to use it as a marker of human prehistorical migrations, genomic variability has been documented in two regions. The deletions and duplications observe |
| 301 | Association of human herpesvirus 6 with the demylinative lesions of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:133 (abstract no. 301) Mock DJ, Powers JM, Goodman AD, Baker JV, Ito M, Blumberg BM; Univ. of Rochester Sch. of Med. and Dentistry, NY. PML brain tissues were examined for presence of HHV6 DNA and proteins in relationship to both the presence of JCV and the demyelinative lesions. A two-step in situ PCR identified HHV6 genomes in archival brain tissues. ICC for HHV6 p41 and p101 antigens and JCV large T antigen was performed on these and on human oligod |
| 302 | Incidence of neuropathy in HIV-infected patients taking monotherapy vs. combination therapy with didanosine, stavudine, and hydroxyurea. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:133 (abstract no. 302) Moore R, Keruly J, McArthur J, Chaisson R; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Background: Sensory neuropathy is a common adverse effect of the nucleosides (RTIs) ddI and d4T , possibly due to mitochondrial toxicity. It is not currently known whether the incidence of neuropathy is higher in combination compared to individual drug use. It is also not known if concomitant hydroxyurea (HU) may also |
| 303 | Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:133 (abstract no. 303) Keerasuntonpong A, Ruane P, Pitt JA, Nichols S, Warford A, Daar ES; Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA. Background: CSF HIV RNA in highly nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-experienced patients has not been defined. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2 ARV-untreated, and 29 asymptomatic PI-treated patients with undetectable plasma HIV RNA was done. Grp. 1 simultaneously initiated unused NRTIs wit |
| 304 | Transient discordant virologic responses in CSF and plasma and the trafficking of multidrug-resistant HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:134 (abstract no. 304) Wong JK, Gunthard HF, Ellis RE, Letendre S, Kee K, Dao P, Denison B, Paxinos E, Hellmann N, Hsia K, Spector S, Grant I, Richman DD, McCutchan JA; Univ. of California, San Diego. The limitations of currently employed antiviral drug combinations for the treatment of HIV infection of the CNS remain unclear because of the variability of drug penetration into the CNS, the longevity of the infected target cells in the CNS and the evolution of distinct virus types in the CNS. Objective: To track the |
| 305 | Frequent dissociation of CSF and plasma HIV RNA responses during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:134 (abstract no. 305) Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, McCutchan JA; HIV Neurobehavioral Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, San Diego. Background: The CNS and plasma/lymphatic compartments differ in the cell types infected by HIV and the concentrations of antiretrovirals, leading to differences in replication that may foster independent evolution of HIV. Combination ART suppresses plasma HIV replication in the majority of participants in clinical tria |
| 306 | Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART): accelerated rise in CSF HIV-1 RNA and accompanying CSF pleocytosis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:134 (abstract no. 306) Price RW, Hoh R, Drews B, Deeks S, Grant R; Univ. of California, San Francisco. Objectives: To assess the rate of viral rebound in CSF compared to peripheral blood (PB) after interrupting ART. Design & Methods: A prospective observational study of CSF in subjects stopping ART - report of initial findings in 4 subjects. Three were enrolled in a CSF substudy related to a larger 12-week study of |
| 307 | Compartmentalization and HIV-1 migration into the peripheral blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:134 (abstract no. 307) Wang Y, Marra CM, Learn GH, Rogrigo AG, Collier AC, Coombs RW, He X, Zhao H, Mullins JI; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. HIV-1 can invade the central nervous system (CNS) early in infection. Whether the selection of variants that are capable of invading or colonizing the CNS is random or related to specific biologic features of the virus are unclear. However, Korber and colleagues (J. Virol. 68:7467, 1994) found tissue-specific compartme |
| 308 | Which single cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample time point best predicts indinavir CSF AUC0-8hr? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:134 (abstract no. 308) Clough L, McKinsey J, Johnson B, Harris V, Nicotera J, Johnson R, Raffanti S, Haas D; Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN. Objective: The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter that may best describe the blood:CSF barrier to drug penetration is the CSF-to-plasma AUC ratio. Since complete AUC data from individual patients are seldom available, single timepoint assays are used. Detailed CSF indinavir (IDV) PK data was used to identi |
| 309 | Drug levels and HIV-1 RNA in serum and CSF during treatment with a five-drug regimen: AZT, 3TC, abacavir, nevirapine (NVP), and indinavir (IDV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:135 (abstract no. 309) Prins J, Van Praag R, Jurriaans S, Weverling G, Portegies P, Sommadossi JP, Zhou Z, Hoetelmans R, Lange J; Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Background Antiretroviral drugs differ in their ability to enter the CSF, and CSF HIV-1 RNA levels during antiretroviral therapy may not necessarily reflect plasma HIV-1 RNA. We obtained drug levels and virological responses in plasma and CSF during treatment with a five-drug regimen, which has been shown to result in |
| 310 | A population model-based approach for determining lamivudine (3TC) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration in HIV-infected adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:135 (abstract no. 310) Blaschke AJ, Capparelli EV, Ellis RJ, Letendre SL, McCutchan JA; Univ. of California, San Diego. Background: Antiretroviral drug penetration into the CNS is a dynamic process that may exhibit dramatic changes in the CSF/plasma drug concentration ratio during the dose interval. Previous pharmacokinetic evaluations of 3TC in the CSF have reported isolated CSF/plasma ratios following either random or a single specifi |
| 311 | Plasma population pharmacokinetics (PK) and CSF penetration of indinavir (IDV) in combination with ZDV and 3TC in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:135 (abstract no. 311) Hou XJ, Havlir DV, Richman DD, Acosta EP, Hirsch M, Collier AC, Tebas P, Sommadossi JP; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Ctr. For AIDS Res. Backgroud/Objectives: ACTG343 was a double-blind, randomized study evaluating the antiretroviral activity of 3 maintenance regimens following a 6-month course of triple-drug induction therapy with a combination of IDV, ZDV and 3TC in patients with plasma HIV RNA levels > 1000 copies/ml and CD4 counts > 200 cells/mm3. |
| 312 | Enhanced penetration of indinavir (IDV) in cerebrospinal fluid and semen after addition of low-dose ritonavir (RTV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:135 (abstract no. 312) Van Praag R, Weverling G, Portegies P, Jurriaans S, Zhou X, Foisy M, Sommadossi JP, Burger D, Hoetelmans R, Lange J, Prins J; Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Background: Penetration of antiretroviral drugs into all relevant compartments is important. It has been demonstrated that addition of low-dose RTV results in a substantial increase in plasma IDV AUC and IDV trough concentrations as compared to therapy with IDV alone. We measured IDV concentrations in serum, CSF and se |
| 313 | Quantification of nelfinavir (NFV) and its active metabolite (M8) in CSF and plasma, and correlation with CSF HIV-1 RNA response. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:135 (abstract no. 313) Haas D, Clough L, Johnson B, Bermingham K, McKinsey J, Donlon R, Spearman P, Wilkinson G, Harris V, Shoup R, Farnsworth A, Lillibridge J; Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN. Objectives: NFV has been reported to be undetectable in CSF by HPLC analysis. The present study utilized a more sensitive LC/MS assay to quantify NFV and M8 in CSF, and ultra-intensive CSF sampling to characterize the CSF virologic response during the first week of therapy. Methods: Four asymptomatic, treatment naïve a |
| 314 | Antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of amprenavir with or without zidovudine/3TC in the cerebral spinal fluid of HIV-infected adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:135 (abstract no. 314) Murphy R, Currier J, Gerber J, D'Aquila R, Smeaton L, Sommadossi JP, Tung R, Gulick R; Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL. Amprenavir (APV) is a lipophilic protease inhibitor (PI) that concentrates in animal brain tissue twice as much as in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). In vivo CSF penetration and its correlation with the antiretroviral activity of PIs in CSF are unclear. Methods: Prospectively, randomized PI- and 3TC-naïve patients recei |
| 315 | Penetration of emivirine (coactinon, EMV) in CSF from HIV-infected patients after oral administration. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:136 (abstract no. 315) Sanne I, Kargl D, Keilholz L, Walsh J, Blum M, Harris J, Moxham C, Rousseau F; Johannesburg Hosp., South Africa. Background: EMV is a potent NNRTI with convenient BID dosing that has been well tolerated in HIV-infected patients. Preclinical studies of EMV have shown efficient and rapid distribution to the CNS following oral administration in animals. In humans, CNS may be a reservoir for the HIV-1 replication where low concentrat |
| 316 | The concentrations of D4T, 3TC, nelfinavir (NFV), and saquinavir (SQV) in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and semen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:136 (abstract no. 316) Reijers M, Van Heeswijk R, Jurriaans S, Schuitemaker H, Portegies P, Weverling GJ, Lange J, Hoetelmans R; Natl. AIDS Therapy Evaluation Ctr., Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Background: Poor penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) and the genital tract by antiretroviral drugs has been suggested to contribute to compartmentalization of viral dynamics in these tissues. However, data regarding the penetration of antiretroviral agents are still scarce. Methods: The ADAM study is a rand |
| 317 | Analysis of amprenavir (APV)/3TC/ZDV in blood and seminal plasma: penetration of APV into the male genital tract. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:136 (abstract no. 317) Pereira A, Eron J, Dunn J, Gerber J, Tidwell R, Kenney K, Fiscus S, Sommadossi JP, Tung R, Gulick R, Murphy R; Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy may decrease HIV-1 in genital secretions and decrease infectiousness. However, protease inhibitors (PI) may penetrate poorly into the male genital tract and lead to incomplete suppression of HIV-1 and resistance development. |
| 318 | Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-infected men: differential penetration of indinavir (IDV), ritonavir (RTV), and saquinavir (SQV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:136 (abstract no. 318) Taylor S, Back D, Drake S, Gibbons S, Reynolds H, White D, Pillay D; Univ. of Birmingham, UK. The information on drug penetration into semen is largely theoretical. Data is urgently required, as it will be one factor influencing the development of resistant virus within the male genital tract. Our data suggests that the protease inhibitors RTV and SQV penetrate semen poorly with seminal plasma (SP) levels |
| 319 | Immune reconstitution and viral load response in antiretroviral naïve vertically HIV-infected children enrolled in the penta 5 trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:136 (abstract no. 319) Gibb DM, Klein N, De Rossi A, Grosch-Worner I, Newberry A, Babiker A; Med. Res. Council Clin. Trials Unit, London, UK. Methods: Twenty five antiretroviral naïve vertically HIV infected children from 3 European centres (17 UK, 5 Italian, 2 German) enrolled in a clinical trial (PENTA 5) of 2 NRTI (2 of Abacavir , ZDV or 3TC ) plus Nelfinavir (in all but 2 children who received 2 NRTI s |
| 320 | Decrease in expanded CD8 subsets after highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:137 (abstract no. 320) McFarland E, Harding P, Mawhinney S, Klemm J, Yee T, Kotzin B; Univ. of Colo. Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Denver. We examined changes in the CD8+ TCR repertoire following combination antiretroviral therapy and the clinical correlates of abnormal repertoire in HIV infected children. PBMC were analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of 13 anti-TCR mAb covering approximately 50% of the Vbeta repertoire. Expansions and summary scores |
| 321 | Perturbation of CD8 and CD4 TCR Vbeta repertoire in HIV-infected infants. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:137 (abstract no. 321) Sun M, Kharbanda M, Chitnis V, Bakshi S, Pahwa S; North Shore Univ. Hosp.-New York Univ. Sch. of Med., Manhasset. Background: HIV infection results in severe immune dysfunction and perturbation of T-cell repertoire. HIV infected infants represent early HIV infection, which occurs in a stage of relative immunodeficiency. To obtain better insights into the T-cell abnormalities associated with HIV infection in infancy, we conducted a |
| 322 | Reconstitution of the T-cell pool in treated, HIV-infected children. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:137 (abstract no. 322) Sommerville King D, Gibb D, Gotch F, Larsson-Sciard E; ICSM, London, UK. Objective: To examine the restructuring of the T-cell pool in HIV-1 infected children following successful HAART. Background: Intervention with HAART has been associated with restoration of immune function and normalisation of the T cell pool in adults. In children the thymus is still highly active, producing new T cel |
| 323 | Thymic emigrant cells in peripheral blood of HIV-infected children correlate with response to antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:137 (abstract no. 323) Bennuri B, Chavan S, Bakshi S, Kharbanda M, Pahwa S; North Shore Univ. Hosp., New York Univ. Sch. of Med., Manhasset. Background: Recent thymic emigrant cells are identified by episomal DNA circles, which represent T-cell receptor gene rearrangement excision circles (TRECs). In patients with HIV infection who are on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CD4 T cells increase but their source is controversial, whether central, o |
| 324 | Response to childhood immunizations in HIV-infected children treated with potent combination antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:137 (abstract no. 324) Melvin A, Mohan K, Frenkel L; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. Objective: To determine if treatment of HIV-infected children with potent combination antiretroviral therapy restores the ability to respond to childhood immunizations. Methods: Antibody titers to tetanus, measles and haemophilus influenzae type B were measured in HIV-infected children treated with combination antiretr |
| 325 | Circulating interleukin-7 levels are correlated with T-lymphopenia and viral load in HIV-1-infected individuals: implications for disease progression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:138 (abstract no. 325) Napolitano LA, Grant RM, Schmidt D, Derosa S, Herzenberg L, Deeks S, Loftus R, McCune JM; Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. Background: We previously reported the presence of abundant thymus tissue in a large fraction of HIV-1 seropositive adults. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that thymic function may be enhanced in some individuals with HIV-1 and that T-lymphocyte loss incurred over the course of HIV-1 disease may t |
| 326 | Increasing thymic output with exogenous IL-7. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:138 (abstract no. 326) Okamoto Y, Douek DC, McFarland RD, Koup RA; Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr., Dallas. Immune reconstitution is a critical aspect of the treatment of HIV disease. Recently, using T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) to measure thymic output, we demonstrated that the adult thymus maintains thymopoiesis and can contribute to T-cell reconstitution. HIV infection disrupts thymic architectur |
| 327 | Poor CD4+ T-cell responses after suppression of HIV replication may reflect thymic failure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:138 (abstract no. 327) Teixeira L, Valdez H, Patki A, Gross B, Francis I, Assad R, Purvis S, Lederman MM; Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Introduction: We compared selected parameters of immune reconstitution among patients with sustained virologic responses and large CD4+ responses (CD4+ cell rise > 200 cells microliter, responders) and patients with poor CD4+ responses (CD4+ rise |
| 328 | Evidence for enhanced thymic output, measured by T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECS), after HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:138 (abstract no. 328) Marchetti G, Landay A, Steffens C, Sullivan YB, Poulin JF, Sekaly R, Al-Harthi L; Rush Med. Coll., Chicago, IL. Recent data, using TRECs as indicators of thymopoiesis, indicate that the adult thymus still contributes to de novo T cells. Assays (QC-PCR and real time PCR) previously used to measure TREC levels rely on radioactivity or are not cost effective. We describe here the development of a quantitative PCR- |
| 329 | Primary HIV infection results in a potent thymic rebound. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:138 (abstract no. 329) Sekaly RP, Poulin JF, Cote P, Lefebvre E, Routy JP, Rouleau D, Patterson B, Cheynier R; IRCM-Montreal, Canada. Infection by HIV leads to a significant and progressive decrease in CD4 cells. Such a decrease is already observed from the onset of infection. Under such circumstances, it is possible that thymic output which we and other have shown in operative through adult life, can compensate for the CD4 turnover which can be seen |
| 330 | Maximum suppression of HIV in early HIV disease leads to the restoration of HIV-p24 response and an early rise in naïve T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:139 (abstract no. 330) Al-Harthi L, Siegel J, Spritzler J, Pottage J, Agnoli M, Landay A; Rush Med. Coll., Chicago, IL. To assess immune reconstitution following Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in early HIV disease (CD4 > 500 cells/ul), we evaluated seventeen antiretroviral naïve patients for immune function and lymphocyte phenotyping using standard immunological assays. We demonstrate that 80% of the maximum CD4+ naïve T-c |
| 331 | Evidence for comparable immune restoration between a PI-based triple antiretroviral therapy (IDV/COM) and an abacavir-based triple-nucleoside therapy (ABC/COM): CNA3005. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:139 (abstract no. 331) Demarest JF, Kelly MA, Lanier ER, Douek DC, Hill BJ, Melby T, Madison S, Scott J, Keiser P, Tortell S, Koup RA; GlaxoWellcome, Res. Triangle Park, NC. Background: In CNA3005, 48 weeks of treatment with ABC/COM (N=262) or IDV/COM (N=265) has been shown to be equivalent overall with respect to plasma HIV-1 RNA response and increases in CD4 cell counts. In subjects on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), increases in CD4 cell count and favorable changes in the T-cell |
| 332 | Responses of HIV-1 p24 and HIV-1 RNA in tonsils of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients under combination antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:139 (abstract no. 332) Kuster H, Opravil M, Fischer M, Gunthard H, Ott P, Schlaepfer E, Weber R, Cone RW; Univ. Hosp., Zurich, Switzerland. Objective: To compare responses of HIV-1 in plasma and lymphoid tissue, to early antiretroviral therapy. Methods: 13 asymptomatic, antiretroviral-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients (pts., CD4 count >400 microliter-1) were treated with AZT , 3TC with or wit |
| 333 | Discordant immunological and virological responses to HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:139 (abstract no. 333) Sabin C, Staszewski S, Phillips A, Rabenau H, Cozzi Lepri A, Weidman E, Miller V; Royal Free & UC Med. Sch., London, England. Whilst the aim of HAART is to lead to decreases in the viral load and increases in the CD4 count, some individuals do not respond on one or other of these criteria. Individuals who fail to experience both a CD4 and viral load response have a poor prognosis. However, the clinical implications of discordant responses (ei |
| 334 | Clinical outcome, CD4+ cell count, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PT) sequences in patients remaining viremic during HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:139 (abstract no. 334) Mallolas J, Li W, Del Rio A, Pumarola T, Gatell JM, Erice A; Hosp. Clin. i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain. Although complete suppression of HIV replication remains the goal of antiretroviral therapy, it is common for individuals receiving HAART to have detectable plasma HIV RNA while remaining asymptomatic and with stable or increasing CD4+ cell counts. A study was done to investigate clinical and virologic outcomes of pers |
| 335 | Continued suppression of plasma viral load is needed to achieve an optimal CD4 response among patients receiving triple drug antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:139 (abstract no. 335) Yip B, Wood E, Montessori V, Hogg RS, Harrigan R, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS; BC Ctr. for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. Objective: To characterize the relationship between the degree of plasma viral load suppression and CD4 changes among HIV-1 infected patients initiating triple drug antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Retrospective study of 456 participants in the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program who initiated t |
| 336 | Immunologic and virologic responses after long-term HAART in HIV-1-infected therapy: naïve adults at early stage of chronic infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:140 (abstract no. 336) Rizzardi GP, Bart PA, Chapuis A, Tambussi G, Chave JP, Graziosi C, Simeoni E, Corpataux JM, Meylan P, Meuwly JI, Spreen W, Vafidis I, McDade H, Yerly S, Perrin L, Lazzarin A, Pantaleo G; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1-infected adults at an early stage of established infection have not been extensively studied. Therapy-naïve HIV-1-infected adults with > or = 400 CD4+ cells/microliter and > or = 5,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml have been treated with |
| 337 | Differences in T-cell subset reconstitution after 12 months of HAART in early vs. advanced HIV-1 disease. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:140 (abstract no. 337) Tortajada C, Garcia F, Plana M, Gallart T, Miro JM, Maleno MJ, Gatell JM; Hosp. Clin., Univ. de Barcelona, Spain. A pilot prospective open clinical trial was designed to compare T-cell subsets reconstitution after 12 months of HAART when therapy is initiated in early stages (CD4 >500 cells/mL) vs advanced stages (CD4 |
| 338 | Implication of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) generation in immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:140 (abstract no. 338) Siegal FP, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Shodell M; Saint Vincents Hosp. and Med. Ctr., New York, NY. Background: Declining herpes simplex virus ( HSV )-induced interferon-alpha generation by mononuclear cells is predictive of the development of opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV infection. IFN-alpha generation has been shown to be as important a prognostic factor for OI |
| 339 | Thyroid autoimmunity (Graves' Disease) after immune restoration in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:140 (abstract no. 339) Jubault V, Gilquin J, Schillo F, Hoen B, Penfornis A, Kazatchkine M, Viard JP; Hopital Necker, Paris, France. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 5 AIDS patients (4 males, 1 female, aged 37 +/- 7.7 years) receiving 2 nucleosides and 1 protease inhibitor. Pre-HAART mean nadir CD4 cell count was 18.106 cells/l. Graves disease (GD) was diagnosed on the basis of diffuse scintigraphic iodine hyperfixation and the finding of autoantibodies |
| 340 | Cell kinetic patterns and their relationships with virologic responses in HIV-1-infected patients treated with HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:140 (abstract no. 340) Wu H, Connick E, Kuritzkes DR, Landay A, Spritzler J, Zhang B, Kessler H, Lederman MM; Frontier Sci. & Technology Res. Fndn., Chestnut Hill, MA. To characterize patterns of lymphocyte recovery in HIV-1-infected patients and to investigate their relationship with virologic responses, we modeled kinetics of total CD4+ lymphocytes, naïve (CD454RA+CD62L+), and memory (CD45RA-CD45RO+) cells in forty-eight evaluable patients treated with |
| 341 | Effects of combined treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and an inactivated gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen (REMUNE) on immune reconstitution in HAART-treated, HIV-1-infected individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:140 (abstract no. 341) Hardy G, Imami N, Sullivan A, Wilson J, Burton C, Moss R, Gazzard B, Gotch F; Imperial Coll. Sch. of Med., London, UK. Treatment with HAART does not diminish latent HIV-1 reservoirs and simultaneously fails to reconstitute virus-specific T-cell responses in HIV-1 chronically infected individuals. Boosting the anti-viral effector mechanisms of the immune system in addition to activation of the latent T-cell reservoirs may enhance the de |
| 342 | Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cell-mediated immunity in children with stable HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:141 (abstract no. 342) Rosenblatt HM, Wiznia A, Johnson G, Krogstad P, Lee S, Stanley K, Golightly M, Ballow A, Nachman S; Baylor Coll. of Med., Houston, TX. Serial immune studies were done in 193 children entered in a combination antiretroviral therapy protocol. A group of 40 children 2-9 yo with low tetanus (TET) titers were reimmunized with DtaP after either 16 or 36 weeks of HAART (IMZ). Immune responses were compared with an unimmunized group of children of similar age |
| 343 | CD4 T cell recovery is slower in patients experiencing viral load rebounds during HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:141 (abstract no. 343) Aboulker JP, Scott D, Prud'Homme M, Meiffredy V, Pialoux G, Brun-Vezinet F, Raffi F; INSERM SC10, Villejuif, France. Objective: To determine whether viral load rebounds during HAART impact on CD4 T cells recovery Method: We studied prospectively 353 antiretroviral naïve patients enrolled in the TRILEGE Trial to be randomized, after a 3 month induction with AZT / |
| 344 | Long-term kinetics of T-cell production in HIV-infected subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:141 (abstract no. 344) Fleury S, Rizzardi GP, Chapuis A, Tamussi G, Knabenhans C, Simeoni E, Meuwly JY, Corpataux JM, Lazzarin A, Pantaleo G; Beumont Hosp./CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. The long-term kinetics of T-cell production following HAART were investigated in blood and lymph node by Ki67 stainings. A group of HIV-infected subjects at early stages of established infection were treated for 72 weeks. Prior to HAART, the fraction of proliferating, i.e. Ki67+, CD4+ T lymphocytes was not significantl |
| 345 | Comparison of immune reconstitution in subjects treated with HAART during primary and chronic HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:141 (abstract no. 345) Kaufmann G, Zaunders J, Cunningham P, Grey P, Hudson J, Smith D, Carr A, Cooper DA; Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. The early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may prevent further damage to the immune system and facilitate immune reconstitution. Methods: Immune restoration was prospectively studied in 28 subjects receiving HAART ( indinavir or nelfinavir and 2 nucleosides) during primary HIV-1 infection |
| 346 | Safety and immunogenicity study on vCP1452/gp160 vaccine in patients treated with HAART for over two years. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:141 (abstract no. 346) Jin X, Bauer D, Binley J, Chen D, Ramanathan M, Barsoum S, Schiller D, Hurley A, He T, El Habib R, Limbach K, Zhang L, Ho D, Markowitz M; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., The Rockefeller Univ., New York. To explore whether boosting of the immune response can result in control of the residual HIV-1 after prolonged HAART, we conducted a safety and immunogenicity study using vCP1452, a recombinant canarypox virus vaccine carrying sequences from 4 HIV-1 genes (gag, pol, env and nef), together with recombinant gp160. Eight |
| 347 | Enhancement of HIV-1 antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies in HIV-1-seropositive subjects after treatment with an HIV-1 immunogen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:142 (abstract no. 347) Maino V, Suni M, Wormsley S, Carlo D, Wallace M, Moss R; BD Biosci., San Jose, CA. Employing a whole blood flow cytometric assay to assess cytokine expression in single cells, we examined HIV-1 specific memory CD4+ T-cell responses to HIV-1 antigens in eighteen chronically HIV infected subjects receiving an immune based therapy (HIV-1 Immunogen, REMUNE(TM). Most HIV-infected subjects had been on long |
| 348 | Vaccine-specific immune responses in HIV-infected volunteers post-active immunotherapy with whole, inactivated HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:142 (abstract no. 348) Loomis-Price L, Mitchell M, Moss R, Savary J, Carlo D, Wallace MR, Robb M, Birx D; Henry M. Jackson Fndn., Rockville, MD. Background. Active immunization with whole (gp120-depleted), inactivated, HIV virions (WIV) is currently undergoing open-label testing in an expanded access program as a potential therapy in HIV positive volunteers. Vaccine-induced immune responses were investigated in 28 volunteers in this trial (24 receiving immunoge |
| 349 | Plasma viral loads approximate pre-HAART levels after discontinuation of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:142 (abstract no. 349) Hatano H, Vogel S, Metcalf J, Yoder C, Dewar R, Davey R, Polis M; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Introduction: It has been proposed that the use of potent antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with good viral load suppression may lead to a reduction in the reservoir of HIV-1 and eventually enable treated individuals to maintain adequate viral suppression after withdrawal of therapy. This study was designed to compare the |
| 350 | Immunophenotyping during virologic remission and relapse on antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:142 (abstract no. 350) Wellons M, Ottinger J, Weinhold K, Edwards L, Fokar A, Bartlett J; Duke Univ. Med. Ctr., Durham, NC. Background: During virologic relapse on antiretroviral therapy a dissociation between increasing plasma HIV RNA levels and stable CD4+ counts has been recognized. Methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study with 4 groups (n=38): HIV-negative controls (n=10), HIV-infected patients RNA 10,000 (n=4). Patients with d |
| 351 | No detectable HIV RNA in thirteen individuals months after stopping antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:142 (abstract no. 351) Harrigan PR, Whaley M, Dong W, Sherlock C, Hogg R, Teeple A, Cook D, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner JS; BC Ctr. for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. Background: We identified 13 HIV infected individuals since 1996 with viral loads (pVL) below 500 copies/ml a minimum of 90 days after stopping antiretroviral therapy (median 2.5 years; range 3 months-5.6 years). We attempted to identify viral, host or treatment-specific factors that could account for these observation |
| 352 | Control of viremia after treatment interruption. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:142 (abstract no. 352) Lori F, Foli A, Maserati R, Seminari E, Minoli L, Alberici F, Lisziewicz J; Res. Inst. for Genetic & Human Therapy, Pavia, Italy. HAART inhibits HIV replication in most patients; however, it impairs HIV-specific T helper and CTL responses (Pitcher, Nat Med, 1999; Ogg, J Virol, 1999). A rapid rebound of viremia is observed after HAART interruption. We have previously described a cohort of chronically infected patients treated with hydroxyurea and |
| 353 | Boosting of HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses in chronically infected persons after treatment interruption. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:143 (abstract no. 353) Papasavvas E, Ortiz GM, Gross R, Sun J, Moore EC, Heymann JJ, Moonis M, Gallagher B, Shull J, Nixon DF, Kostman JR, Montaner LJ; Wistar Inst., Philadelphia, PA. Cell-mediated immune responses against HIV-1 are associated with control of HIV-1 replication in the absence of anti-viral therapy. We show here that 5 chronically HIV-infected individuals who have maintained anti-retroviral therapy-mediated viral suppression are able to significantly increase broad antiviral T-helper |
| 354 | Structured treatment interruption in chronically HIV-1 infected patients after long-term viral suppression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:143 (abstract no. 354) Ruiz L, Martinez-Picado J, Romeu J, Negredo E, Tuldra A, Tural C, Clotet B; Univ. Hosp. Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain. Objective: To assess virological and immunological changes during structured treatment interruption (STI) in HIV-1 chronically infected patients (pts) after long-lasting virus suppression. Methods: Twenty-five HIV-infected pts with at least 2-years-long virus suppression and a CD4/CD8 ratio>1 were randomized to continu |
| 355 | Cessation of HAART plus daily low-dose interleukin 2 to promote immunity to HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:143 (abstract no. 355) Smith KA, Jacobson EL, Sohn T, Warren D, Emert R, Giordano M, Ruitenberg J, Waters CA; New York. Discontinuation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) results in a rapid relapse of viremia, except when HIV is identified and treated early. Accordingly, in individuals infected chronically, HAART must be administered indefinitely, and protective immunity to HIV has not been considered possible. Most viral |
| 356 | Intermittent interruptions of antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-infected patients do not induce immune control of HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:143 (abstract no. 356) Carcelain G, Tubiana R, Mollet L, Samri A, Calvez V, Delaugerre C, Jouy N, Debre P, Katlama C, Autran B; Hosp. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Aim of the study: To analyse the restoration of HIV-specific T-cell responses and control of HIV after repeated interruptions of ART in chronically infected patients. Methods: 3 patients efficiently treated (CD4>400/mm3, VL or = 2 years were submitted to 3 or 4 successive drug of 7 to 21 days-long suspensions. HIV-RNA, |
| 357 | Increase in breadth and frequency of CTL responses after structured therapy interruptions in individuals treated with HAART during acute HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:143 (abstract no. 357) Altfeld M, Rosenberg ES, Eldridge RL, Poon S, Mukherjee JS, Phillips M, Goulder PJ, Walker BD; AIDS Res. Ctr., Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Boston. Objective: To characterize HIV-1 specific CTL responses in individuals treated with HAART prior to HIV-1 seroconversion and during structured therapy interruptions (STI). Methods: Acute HIV-infection was diagnosed in 15 persons prior to seroconversion and treated immediately with HAART. After at least 1 year of treatme |
| 358 | Rapid activation of lymph nodes upon interrupting HAART in HIV-infected patients after prolonged viral suppression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:143 (abstract no. 358) Orenstein JM, Bhat N, Yoder C, Fox C, Polis M, Metcalf J, Kovacs J, Falloon J, Walker R, Masur H, Lane HC, Davey R; George Washington Univ., Washington, DC. Objective: To compare the architecture, HIV-1 viral RNA, and protein expression in lymph nodes (LN) excised from individuals during chronic treatment with HAART to those removed following plasma virus rebound after HAART interruption. Material and Methods: Five HIV-infected patients on HAART for at least one year, with |
| 359 | Significant delay in plasma vRNA rebound during a scheduled treatment interruption in HIV-1 chronically infected patients previously on effective therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:144 (abstract no. 359) Kilby JM, Saag MS, Goepfert PA, Hockett RD, Saha BK, Bucy RP; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham. Five chronically HIV-1 infected male subjects on effective potent antiretroviral therapy with plasma vRNA |
| 360 | Dynamics of HIV-1 viral load rebound among patients with previous suppression of viral replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:144 (abstract no. 360) Ioannidis JP, Havlir DV, Tebas P, Hirsch MS, Collier AC, Richman DD; Univ. of Ioannina Sch. of Med., Greece. The dynamics of HIV-1 rebound were modeled in 23 patients switched to indinavir maintenance therapy after viral replication was suppressed with a combination of indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine. Rebound of plasma HIV RNA followed a sigmoid curve with an initial exponential phase. There was significant heterogeneity |
| 361 | Inhibition of interleukin-12 production in human monocyte-derived macrophages by tumor necrosis factor. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:144 (abstract no. 361) Ma X, Papasavvas E, Sun J, Riemann H, Bailer RT, Robertson S, Marshall J, Donnelly R, Trinchieri G, Montaner LJ; Wistar Inst., Philadelphia, PA. The decrease in IL-12 secretion in HIV-1 pathogenesis has been identified as a major mechanism of immune dysfunction responsible for deficient innate and adaptive activation of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. We describe a potential new role for TNF-alpha as an inhibitory factor to IL-12 secretion by monocyte-der |
| 362 | HIV replication in macrophages isolated from HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:144 (abstract no. 362) Kazanjian P, Adams D, Kaul D, Armstrong W, Newman GW; Univ. of Michigan Hlth. System, Ann Arbor. Purpose: We performed this study to determine whether HIV replication occurs in circulating macrophages from patients who are receiving a protease inhibitor (PI) containing HAART regimen, and those who are antiviral naïve. Methods: Macrophages were obtained from 50 patients (35 PI-HAART treated, 15 antiviral naïve) by |
| 363 | HIV is expressed preferentially by CD4 T-cells that coexpress CD45RO and CD45RA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:145 (abstract no. 363) Coberley CR, Tuttle DL, Xie XM, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM; Univ. of Florida, Coll. of Med., Gainesville. HIV-1 infection in patients is found preferentially but not exclusively among CD4 CD45RO (RO) T-cells. In our cohort of pediatric patients, a significant proportion of infected cells can be found in the CD45RA (RA) subset of CD4 T-cells, even among children infected by CCR5 viruses. In addition, viruses can be isolated |
| 364 | Reversal of HIV-related neutrophil dysfunction with Interleukin-15. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:145 (abstract no. 364) Mastroianni CM, D'Ettorre G, Forcina G, Lichtner M, Mengoni F, D'Agostino D, Corpolongo A, Vullo V; La Sapienza Univ., Rome, Italy. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) dysfunction has been reported in HIV-infected patients. Interleukin (IL)-15 potentiates antimicrobial functions of PMNL in the innate immunity to invading pathogens. We examined the in vitro effect of IL-15 on PMNL function in 31 HIV-infected patients (9 with untreated active HIV dise |
| 365 | Normalization of natural killer (NK) cell activity with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be caused by restoration of NK cell receptor expression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:145 (abstract no. 365) Parato K, Kravick S, Sanches-Dardon J, Fex C, Liu W, Cameron DW, Kumar A, Angel JB; Ottawa Hosp. Res. Inst., Ontario, Canada. Background: NK cell function is likely important in the control of HIV infection as well as that of opportunistic pathogens. Although the use of ART results in improvement in a number of aspects of immune function, its effects on NK cell number and function are not well described. Methods: We evaluated the impact of th |
| 366 | In vivo effects of G-CSF on lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, cytokine release, and proviral DNA: an exploratory study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:145 (abstract no. 366) Hermans P, Sommereijns B, Hartung T, O'Doherty E, Kabeya K, Sprecher S, Clumeck N; CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium. Background: Ex vivo study showed that G-CSF (Filgrastim) could partly restore IL-2 release in HIV patients (p) with CD4 |
| 367 | Effects of G-CSF on neutrophil function and apoptosis in HIV patients: a randomized dose-ranging trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:145 (abstract no. 367) Hermans P, Harag S, Cantinieaux B, Dufer M, Lejeune M, Clumeck N; CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium. Background: Functional defects of neutrophils (PMN), including increased apoptosis, have been reported in HIV infected patient (p) regardless of neutrophil count. Objectives: To determine whether G-CSF could improve bactericidal function and decrease apoptosis of PMN. Methods: A randomised study was done with 3 doses o |
| 368 | NK cells, but not CD8+ cells, in HIV-infected lymph nodes maintain both granzyme B and perforin expression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:145 (abstract no. 368) Lu M, Kouttab N, Raja N, Zheng DL, Skowron G; Roger William Hosp., Providence, RI. Background: We have previously shown that in vitro gp120-directed ADCC activity strongly correlates with the in vivo rate of CD4 lymphocyte decline, and in vitro, CD4 depleted PBMC induce apoptosis of gp120-coated autologous CD4 cells in the presence of high ADCC serum. The presence of NK cells and apoptosis of CD4 cel |
| 369 | Differentiation of trev-transduced CD34+ progenitors into cells coexpressing CD4 and CCR5. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:146 (abstract no. 369) Alter G, Bernard NF, Cournoyer D, Tsoukas CM; Immune Deficiency Treatment Ctr., Canada. Background: The Trev retroviral vector can downregulate the expression of the tat- and rev- dependent gene expression and increase survival in HIV infected cells. Objectives: To determine whether Trev-transcduced CD34+ cells can differentiate into cells co-expressing CD4 and CCR5. Methods: CD34+ cells were enriched fro |
| 370 | Immunologic responses in patients with virologic response to antiretroviral therapy is associated with a decreased rate of ex vivo apoptosis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:146 (abstract no. 370) Bolanos J, Pitrak D, Novak R, Hershow R; Univ. of Illinois at Chicago. The purpose of this study was to determine if immunologic responses in HIV patients with good virologic responses (VL |
| 371 | Lymphocyte migration to the gut in HIV-1 infection and HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:146 (abstract no. 371) Hayes P, Miao Y, Gotch F, Gazzard B; Imperial Coll. Sch. of Med., London, UK. The gut CD4 T-cell population is greatly reduced in HIV-1 infection. In addition to the possibility of destruction of gut CD4 T cells by HIV or CD8 T cells, we sought to determine whether lymphocyte migration to the gut is impaired and whether the gut CD4 T-cell population is restored by HAART. Blood and gut leukocyte |
| 372 | S phase lymphocytes of HIV-1-infected patients preferentially undergo apoptosis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:146 (abstract no. 372) Patki A, Zielske S, Lederman M; Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Objective: To explore the relationship between cell cycle progression and spontaneous apoptosis in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from HIV-1-infected patients and healthy controls. Methods: PBMC obtained from HIV-1-infected patients and healthy controls were incubated in culture medium f |
| 373 | A controlled trial of cyclosporine (CsA) in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:146 (abstract no. 373) Calabrese LH, Lederman MM, Parekh N, Spritzler J, Coombs R, Aweeka F, Fox L; Cleveland, OH. HIV infection is characterized by a state of persistant immune activation that may result in adverse effects to the host and enhance viral immunopathogenesis. We have performed a multi- center randomized placebo-controlled trial of an inhibitor of T-cell activation - CsA in patients with HIV disease to assess the safet |
| 374 | Increased levels of activated functionally distinct subsets of CD4 in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T-cell counts in a cohort of seropositive intravenous drug users: results of 4 years of follow-up. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:146 (abstract no. 374) Carbone J, Gil J, Benito JM, Zabay JM, Fernandez-Cruz E; Univ. Gen. Hosp. Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain. Few studies have established the prognostic value of the memory and activated subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in long term follow-up studies in HIV disease. The aim of the study was to identify subsets of CD4+ T lymphocytes that could predict the development of AIDS and to assess whether increased levels of thes |
| 375 | Antigenic stimulation accounts for most of the hyperactivation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:147 (abstract no. 375) Cohen Stuart J, Hazenberg M, Noest A, Hamann D, Borleffs J, Miedema F, Boucher C, de Boer R; Univ. Med. Ctr. Utrecht, The Netherlands. Introduction: Increased activation and proliferation of T-cells in HIV infection could either be a homeostatic response to compensate for loss of CD4+ cells or it could result from direct stimulation by antigens from HIV or other pathogens. To distinguish between these two explanations the relation between plasma viral |
| 376 | Primary immune in chronic HIV-infected patients on HAART are predicted by the numbers of PMA/ionomycin-induced CD4+ IL-2+ T cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:147 (abstract no. 376) Haslett PA, Bekker LG, Shen Z, Nixon DF, Kaplan G; The Rockefeller Univ., New York. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) achieves profound suppression of HIV replication. Although HAART restores some memory T-cell responses, little is known about the effect of HAART on primary immune function. To investigate this, we immunized 10 chronic HIV-infected patients on HAART (plasma HIV |
| 377 | Initial potent T-cell activation driven by mycobacterium bovis BCG is associated with short-term containment of virus infection in early SIVmac-infected macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:147 (abstract no. 377) Shen Y, Zhou D, Simon M, Shen L, Sehgal P, Chen ZW; Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., Boston, MA. It has recently been shown that IL-2 administration can augment HAART in HIV-1-infected humans. While mechanisms for IL-2-induced antiviral synergy are speculative, little is known whether in vivo stimulation of T cells can enhance antiviral T-cell responses. To address this issue, we have explored whether initial pote |
| 378 | In vitro, recombinant interleukin-2 and HIV-specific antigens activate HIV latently infected lymphocytes from patients on prolonged HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:147 (abstract no. 378) Taoufik Y, Lambotte O, Wallon C, de Goer MG, Charles A, Delfraissy JF; Faculte de Med. Paris Sud et Hopital de Bicetre, France. Objectives: The persistence of latently infected, long lived, resting CD4+ T cells harboring integrated replication competent HIV has been reported in patients on HAART with prolonged undetectable plasma viremia. In vivo, activation of these cells might result in viral expression that leads to cell death and reduction |
| 379 | Cytokine activation in HIV+ individuals receiving IL-2 and antiretrovirals. Results from a randomized 4-arm trial. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:147 (abstract no. 379) Fortis C, Soldini L, Ghezzi S, Veglia F, Nozza S, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A, Poli G; San Raffaele Sci. Inst., Milano, Italy. Sixty three HIV+ individuals with absolute CD4+ cell counts ranging between 200 and 500 cells/microliter at the study entry were enrolled in a randomized phase II trial designed to compare 3 different regimens of IL-2 administration in combination with ART over 12 months. The treatment arms were: (A) ART + continuous i |
| 380 | Twenty-month follow-up of the argentina vanguard study: a randomized, controlled, phase II trial of intermittent subcutaneous interleukin-2 (scIL2) plus antiretroviral therapy (ARV) vs. ARV alone. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:148 (abstract no. 380) Losso M, Belloso W, Benetucci J, Cahn P, Lasala M, Lopardo G, Salomon H, Saracco M, Emery S, Fosdick L, Allende M, Davey R, Lane HC; Vanguard Study Group. The objetive of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of scIL-2 administration plus ARV versus ARV alone in patients with HIV-1 infection, more than 350/mm3 CD4+ cell counts and no prior AIDS defining illnesses. 73 patients were randomized to receive ARV (n=37) or ARV plus scIL-2 (n=36) at escalating dose |
| 381 | Low-dose subcutaneous (SC) IL-2 in combination with HAART therapy induces significant increases in NK cells and naïve T-cells in patients with <300 CD4+ T-cells/mm3: results of a randomized controlled trial MA-9801. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:148 (abstract no. 381) Lalazari J, Beal J, Ruane P, Cohen C, Jacobson E, Sundin D, Smith K; Quest Clin. Res, San Francisco, CA. Recombinant IL-2 (Proleukin) is a pleotrophic T-cell growth factor that has been extensively tested in patients living with HIV. Studies to date have examined IL-2 given in an intermittent regimen at a dose of 9-15 MIU/day and results from these studies demonstrate significant increases in CD4+ T-cell counts with no de |
| 382 | Apoptosis rates of T-lymphocytes in HIV patients increase during intermittent administration of interleukin-2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:148 (abstract no. 382) Sereti I, Herpin B, Metcalf JA, Gea-Banacloche JC, Adelsberger JW, Baseler MW, Davey RT, Lane HC; NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD. Introduction: Intermittent subcutaneous interleukin 2 leads to selective expansion of the CD4 T-cell pool in HIV infected patients. In vitro interleukin 2 also enhances apoptosis or programmed cell death. In an effort to better delineate the mechanisms leading to CD4 increases, studies were undertaken in HIV infected p |
| 383 | Immonological and virological efficacy of long-term IL-2 therapy in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:148 (abstract no. 383) Gougeon ML, Rouzioux C, Liberman I, Burgard M, Viard JP, Capitant C, Delfraissy JF, Levy Y; Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of IL-2 in the long term follow up of 27 patients initially randomized in a study comparing binucleosides combined with SC (3MU/m2 bid) or CIV IL-2 (12MU/d) for 5 days, q8weeks, in patients with 250-550 CD4/mm3 and ART naïve. In the open phase of the study patients received SC IL-2 |
| 384 | Constitutive levels of chemokine mRNA in CD4 cells from HIV-infected children can indicate their disease status and response to therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:148 (abstract no. 384) Than S, Romano J, Cornelison R, Chitnis V, Bakshi S, Pahwa S; Advanced BioSci. Labs., Inc., Kensington, MD. Background: Conflicting data exist on the relationship between serum or plasma chemokine levels and disease status in HIV infection. Moreover, markers for qualitative but not quantitative immune reconstitution following HAART are yet to be determined. Methods: We established a chemokine NASBA assay to quantify constitu |
| 385 | Downregulation of CCR5 mRNA in lung and blood cells of asymptomatic HIV-seropositive persons. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:148 (abstract no. 385) Mathys JM, Melanson S, Schiffer-Alberts D, Ioannidis JP, Koziel H, Skolnik PR; Tufts Univ.-New England Med. Ctr., Boston, MA. Objective: The beta-chemokines, acting through CCR5 (the major co-receptor for M-tropic HIV strains) may influence HIV-related disease progression by altering HIV entry or replication. We studied the expression of CCR5 mRNA, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES in lung and blood cells from asymptomatic HIV-infected persons |
| 386 | Immune activation in African HIV infection favors CCR5-dependent strains of HIV. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:149 (abstract no. 386) Rizzardini G, Butto S, Lukwiya M, Saresella M, Declich S, Biasin M, Pastori C, Trabattoni D, Fracasso C, Piconi S, Cristofaro A, Fabiani M, Ferrante P, Lopalco L, Clerici M; Univ. Milano, Italy. Background: HIV infection in Africa is associated with immune activation and a cytokine profile (robust production of interleukin-2, interleukin-10 and interferon gamma) that was shown to stimulate CCR5 expression on cell surfaces. Because the isolation of non CCR5-dependent strains of HIV was recently suggested to be |
| 387 | Assessment of beta chemokines in HIV-1 infected individuals: impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:149 (abstract no. 387) Burton CT, Hardy GA, von Roy C, Davis L, Gazzard B, Gotch FM, Imami N; Imperial Coll. Sch. of Med., London, UK. Persistent activation of the immune system is a common immunopathogenic feature of HIV-1 infection. It has been shown that the beta chemokines, RANTES, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1alpha and (MIP)-1beta are soluble suppressors of HIV-1 infection of macrophage tropic strains in vitro. It has also been shown that |
| 388 | C/EBPbeta (NF-IL6) stimulates CCR5 expression: increased C/EBPbeta and CCR5 in T-lymphocytes from HIV-1 patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:149 (abstract no. 388) Rosati M, Valentin A, Patenaude DJ, Pavlakis GN; BRL/NCI/FCRDC, Frederick, MD. C/EBPbeta is a member of a family of leucine zipper transcription factors that are involved in regulating the expression of several cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF and MIP-1alpha. We have found multiple C/EBPbeta binding sites in the CCR5 gene suggesting that C/EBPbeta may be involved in the regulation of th |
| 389 | Single-cell analysis of cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma) and beta chemokine (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES) production by CD4+ (CD8-) and CD8+ T-lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors and progressors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:149 (abstract no. 389) Wilson SE, Kunich JC, Lee CW, Schreiber K, Propst M, Sheppard HW; California Dept. of Hlth. Services, Berkeley. Much evidence suggests that HIV-1 specific CD8+ CTL and secreted suppressive factors play a central role in controlling HIV-1 infection and disease progression. HIV-1 specific CD8+ CTL activity has been found to correlate with the production of IFN-gamma, whereas CD8+ mediated anti-viral suppressive effects are predomi |
| 390 | Macaque resistance to mucosal SIV infection is not associated with changes in CCR5 coding sequence. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:149 (abstract no. 390) Robert-Guroff M, Peng B, Lim L, Edghill-Smith Y, Leno M, Arora K, Markham P; NIH/NCI, Bethesda, MD. Rhesus macaques provide a useful model for vaccine studies, yet animal variability can confound experiments. Six SIV- and SRV-negative control macaques were vaginally challenged with >10(5) TCID50 of SIVmac251. Five became viremic, 2 transiently and 3 persistently, while macaque 359 resisted infection (Buge, et al., J. |
| 391 | Alteration of homeostasis of naïve and memory IL-2-and TNFalpha-T-cell producers after HAART: consequences on lipodystrophy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:149 (abstract no. 391) Ledru E, Christeff N, Patey O, Melchior JC, Gougeon ML; Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France. Objective: To investigate the influence of HAART on type 1 cytokine synthesis by naïve and memory T cells and to assess whether specific alterations in cytokine synthesis are associated with the development of lipodystrophy (LD). Methods and Results: A longitudinal 18 months follow-up of 15 HIV-infected patients naïve |
| 392 | TH-1 cytokine responses to HCMV can be detected in PBMC and whole blood. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:150 (abstract no. 392) Lathey J, Trout R, Spector S; Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla. HCMV stimulates a long lasting immune response in persistently infected individuals, which includes cytokine production. This response is maintained at various levels in HIV infected individuals. To determine the type of cytokine response, whole blood (WB) and PBMC collected in either EDTA or heparin from HCMV seroposi |
| 393 | The level of RANTES expression and HIV-1 replication in the lymphoid tissues of HIV-1-infected acute and chronic patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:150 (abstract no. 393) Li Q, Zupancic M, Zhang ZQ, Wong JK, Polis M, Feinberg M, Richman D, Little S, Havlir D, Haase AT; Univ. of Minnesota Med. Sch., Minneapolis. Objective: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that RANTES can suppress HIV-1 replication in vivo by examine the RANTES protein level and HIV-1 mRNA expression in lymph nodes of HIV-1 infected individuals. Methods: HIV-1 mRNA and RANTES protein levels in lymph nodes from ten HIV-1 acutely infected and eigh |
| 394 | HIV-1 gag binding of cellular actin and virus infectivity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:150 (abstract no. 394) Krogstad P, Rey O, Geng Y, Ackerson B, Ibarrondo FJ; Univ. of California, Los Angeles. Recent data indicate that cytoskeletal and other cellular proteins are involved in the assembly of HIV-1 and other retroviruses. In previous studies, we showed that the Gag protein of the HIV-1 binds to filamentous actin (F-actin) in vitro and in vivo. Using purified recombinant Gag protein in in vitro assays, we estab |
| 395 | Formation of HIV-1 assembly intermediate complex and the role of capside-P2 boundary region. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:150 (abstract no. 395) Liu B, Tian C, Dawson L, Yu XF; Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Hygiene and Publ. Hlth., Baltimore, MD. Two distinct forms of the viral assembly intermediate complexes, a detergent-resistant complex (DRC) and a detergent-sensitive complex (DSC), were previously identified in HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells. In this study, a panel of HIV-1 Gag C-terminal truncation mutants were constructed to study the assembly domain necessa |
| 396 | The cytoplasmic interaction of HIV-1 precursor proteins Pr55gag and Pr160gag-pol requires RNA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:151 (abstract no. 396) Khorchid A, Halwani R, Kleiman L; McGill Univ. AIDS Ctr., Montreal, Canada. Both Pr55gag and Pr160gag-pol were co-immunoprecipitated from lysates of COS-7 cells transfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA, using antibody to integrase(anti-IN). The formation of Pr55gag/Pr160gag-pol complex occurs using non- myristylated precursors, but is prevented by deletion of the major homology region in capsid. Th |
| 397 | Characterization of HIV-1 virus assembly complexes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:151 (abstract no. 397) Cen S, Khorchid A, Kleiman L; Lady Davis Inst. for Med. Res., Montreal, Canada. Viral assembly complexes of HIV-1 in lysates of COS7 cells transfected with wild type or myr- mutant HIV-1 proviral DNA, are resolved on sucrose gradients using either equilibrium density or velocity sedimentation ultracentrifugation. Viral Pr55GAG complexes are detected in each fraction using anti-p24. tRNALys3 and ge |
| 398 | Mapping and characterization of the N-terminal I domain of HIV-1 Pr55Gag. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:151 (abstract no. 398) Sandefur S, Varthakavi V, Spearman P; Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN. The I domains of retroviruses are functional assembly domains which are required for the assembly of particles of normal density (1.16-1.18 g/ml). I domains are present in at least two copies within Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag proteins. We have previously mapped the N-terminal I domain |
| 399 | Sequences within Pr160gag-pol affecting the selective packaging of tRNALys3 into HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:151 (abstract no. 399) Javanbakht H, Khorchid A, Wise S, Parniak MA, Wainberg MA, Kleiman L; Lady Davis Inst. for Med. Res., Montreal, Canada. The selective packaging of the primer tRNALys3 into HIV-1 particles is dependent upon the viral incorporation of Pr160gag-pol protein. We have studied the effects of mutations in Pr160gag-pol upon the selective incorporation of tRNALys3, using a series of deletions, insertions, and point mutations. These mutations were |
| 400 | Identification of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail domains of HIV-1 that interact with Pr55Gag particles. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:151 (abstract no. 400) Hourioux C, Brand D, Barin F, Roingeard P; Univ. of Tours Med. Sch., France. Studies of HIV-1 Gag-Env interaction with Env truncated mutants are complicated by the fact that Env glycoprotein is not required for the budding of Pr55Gag into virus-like particles. To investigate the protein/protein interactions that occur during budding, we evaluated the binding to Pr55Gag particles of 12 overlappi |
| 401 | The N-terminal matrix domain of HIV-1 gag is sufficient but not necessary for Vpu-mediated enhanced viral release. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:151 (abstract no. 401) Deora A, Ratner L; Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Viral Protein U (Vpu) allows for efficient assembly and release of viral particles in HIV-1 infected cells. This study utilizes a vaccinia expression system that allows for the examination of viral release and assembly in a Vpu-dependent manner. Vpu allows for a 5-20 fold increase in Gag release in 293T and HeLa cells, |
| 402 | Determinants of the specificity of Tat:TAR and NCP7:leader interaction: cross-transactivation and cross-examination between HIV-1 and HIV-2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:152 (abstract no. 402) Arya SK, D'Costa J, Zamani M, Kundra P, Brown H; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD. We have previously reported non-reciprocal interaction between HIV-1 and HIV-2 at the level of transactivation. We have now observed similar non-reciprocity in viral RNA encapsidation and transduction by HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 packaging machinery encapsidated HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNAs equally well, but HIV-2 packaging machi |
| 403 | Point mutations in the U5 region and gag proteins can rescue deletions in the RNA leader sequence in regard to replication of HIV-1. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:152 (abstract no. 403) Liang C, Rong L, Wainberg MA; McGill AIDS Ctr., Montreal, Canada. We have previously reported that point mutations in HIV-1 Gag proteins were able to compensate for deletions within the viral RNA dimerization initiation site (DIS) (Liang, C. et al. 1999. J. Virol. 73:7014-7020). These studies have now been extended to a stretch of RNA sequences located downstream of the 5 long termin |
| 404 | A novel biosensor assay for studying HIV envelope-chemokine receptor interactions. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:152 (abstract no. 404) Hoffman TL, Canziani G, Chaiken I, Rucker J, Doms RW; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Entry of HIV-1 into cells requires the binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), usually in association with CD4, to a chemokine receptor such as CCR5 or CXCR4. The physical interaction of Env with CCR5/CXCR4 has been difficult to study in detail with traditional cell surface binding assays. While direct Env bi |
| 405 | The sensitivity of primate lentiviruses to CCR5- and CXCR4-specific inhibitors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:152 (abstract no. 405) Zhang XJ, Lou B, Moore JP; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. Primate lentiviruses, particularly those of the SIV family, can use many different seven-TM receptors as co-receptors to enter transfected cells in vitro. Are all of these relevant to viral replication in primary cells such as CD4+ T-lymphocytes? To address this issue, we first characterized the co-receptor usage of fo |
| 406 | Non-CCR5 pathway(s) in human macrophages support simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) fusion. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:153 (abstract no. 406) Yi Y, Williams DA, Collman RG; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. CCR5 & CXCR4 are the only entry coreceptors shown so far to function in primary human macrophages & lymphocytes. SIV uses CCR5 but not CXCR4 (with rare exceptions), and many strains also efficiently use STRL33, GPR1, GPR15 and/or other molecules. Non-CCR5/CXCR4 entry has been shown in some human cell lines, but |
| 407 | Distinct R5 and X4 env clones within the quasispecies of the R5X4 dual-tropic HIV-1 89.6 primary isolate: molecular basis for M- to T-tropic phenotype transition in vivo. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:153 (abstract no. 407) Singh A, Collman RG; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadephia. Dual-tropic (R5X4) HIV-1 strains may represent intermediates in the evolution from M-tropic (R5) to T-tropic (X4) phenotype that occurs with disease progression in vivo. We hypothesized that the primary isolate quasispecies of the prototype R5X4 strain 89.6 might contain R5 variants reflecting earlier stages of infecti |
| 408 | Enhancement of virus infectivity: characterization of a signaling pathway utilized by the CC-chemokine RANTES to induce signals through interaction with glycosoaminoglycan receptors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:153 (abstract no. 408) Chang T, Gordon C, Proudfoot AE, Moore JP, Trkola A; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. We have previously shown that RANTES can enhance the infectivity of several viruses, such as HIV-1. vaccinia virus, influenza virus, MuLV and VSV, by up to 100-fold in vitro. We identified two mechanisms involved in this enhancement effect. One is apparent when RANTES is added during virus-cell absorption; virion attac |
| 409 | RANTES-induced enhancement of virus infectivity: cell compartments involved in mediating the RANTES signal and their link to the virus life cycle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:153 (abstract no. 409) Gordon C, Chang T, Proudfoot AE, Moore JP, Trkola A; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. We have previously shown that prolonged treatment with RANTES causes an alteration in the physiology of target cells that increases their susceptibility to infection with HIV-1 and other viruses. The activation pathway is mediated by tyrosine kinase-dependent signals that are triggered when RANTES interacts with cell s |
| 410 | HIV-1 gp120 and chemokines elicit distinct patterns of ion channel activation via CCR5 and CXCR4 in macrophages. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:153 (abstract no. 410) Collman RG, Liu QH, Doms RA, Kotlikoff MI, Freedman BD; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. HIV-1 engagement of CCR5 & CXCR4 could initiate signals that modulate cell function or affect post-entry steps of infection. Macrophages are an important target for HIV-1 and express both coreceptors. To determine whether HIV-1 env elicited signaling in macrophages through CCR5 & CXCR4, we carried out whole-cel |
| 411 | Entry of R5X4 and X4 HIV-1 strains is mediated by negatively charged and tyrosine residues in the amino-terminal domain and the second extracellular loop of CXCR4. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:153 (abstract no. 411) Kajumo F, Thompson DA, Dragic T; Albert Einstein Coll. of Med., Bronx, NY. CXCR4 mediates fusion and entry of X4 and R5X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The residues involved in CXCR4 co-receptor function have not all yet been identified, but tyrosine and negatively charged residues in the amino-terminal domain of CCR5 were shown to be indispensable for gp120 binding |
| 412 | Role of coreceptor aggregation and MAP kinase activation in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:154 (abstract no. 412) Iyengar S, Zhang H, Schwartz DH; The Johns Hopkins Sch. of Publ. Hlth., Baltimore, MD. Introduction: We have shown that HIV envelope engagement of coreceptors leads to functional activation and chemotaxis, whereas disruption of actin-mediated coreceptor cocapping prevents infection. This is consistent with a role for envelope triggered coreceptor signal transduction, or physical surface aggregation, or b |
| 413 | In vivo selected HIV-1 isolate shows altered tropism without shift in coreceptor usage. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:154 (abstract no. 413) Miller ED, Duus K, Su L; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. An infectious molecular clone, HXB2 of the HIV-1 laboratory strain, Lai/IIIB was found to infect T-cell lines in vitro, but lacked the ability to replicate efficiently in vivo. When a laboratory worker was accidentally infected by Lai/IIIB, HIV-1 was isolated only from infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P |
| 414 | Down-regulation of surface CXCR4 on CD4-positive or -negative cell lines: role of the CD4-independent HIV-1 isolate m7NDK gp160. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:154 (abstract no. 414) Valente S, Dumonceaux J, Olivier R, Tissot M, Marullo S, Briand P, Hazan U; ICGM, Paris, France. We have previously shown the mutant HIV-1 m7NDK ability to efficiently use the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to entry into CD4 negative or positive cells in opposite to the parental X4 strain wtNDK that is strictly CD4 dependent. This particular entry phenotype was correlated with the presence of 7 mutations in the C2,V3,C3 |
| 415 | Tissue tropism of HIV-1 and coreceptor use. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:154 (abstract no. 415) Hibbitts S, Simmons G, Dittmar M, Simmonds P, Clapham PR; The Wohl Virion Ctr., London, UK. CCR5 and CXCR4 are major coreceptors for HIV-1, however more than ten alternative coreceptors have been identified that confer infection of various HIV-1 strains into cell lines in vitro. The role (if any) of these other coreceptors for replication and pathogenesis in vivo remains unclear. This is a crucial issue as th |
| 416 | Characterization of the CCR3 transcription unit. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:154 (abstract no. 416) Vijh S, Wang CE, Ehrenberg PK, Dayhoff DE, Michael NL; Henry M. Jackson Fndn., Rockville, MD. The two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, function as co-receptors for T-cell- and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains, respectively. Although the chemokine receptor CCR3 functions as a co-receptor to a lesser extent, it may play a significant role in HIV-1 infection, especially in the central nervous system. CCR3 is pr |
| 417 | Characterization of STRL33 expression and coreceptor activity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:154 (abstract no. 417) Lee B, Sharron M, Pohlmann S, Tsang M, Kirchhoff F, Doms RW; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors that mediate HIV-1 entry while most SIV isolates can use CCR5 and several orphan receptors as coreceptors, at least in vitro. However, little is known about whether these orphan receptors can serve as efficient coreceptors on relevant primary cells. Therefore, we sought to chara |
| 418 | Functional isolation of a novel HIV coreceptor (CCRX): a potential receptor for the macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:155 (abstract no. 418) Agrawal L, Vieth E, Alkhatib G; Indiana Univ. Sch. of Med., Indianapolis. A functional cDNA screening strategy similar to that used to identify the first HIV coreceptor CXCR4 was utilized to isolate a novel chemokine receptor, referred to as CCRX, that shares high homology to CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). The recombinant CCRX shows a preferential coreceptor activity with primary HIV-1 isol |
| 419 | Functional responses of human primary cells to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:155 (abstract no. 419) McManus CM, Baribaud F, Girard Y, Lee B, Doms RW; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. The HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, (Env) plays an important role in HIV entry. Entry of HIV into host cells requires the interaction of Env with two receptors on the surface of the cell, CD4 and a co-receptor. The co-receptors are members of the seven transmembrane spanning-G-protein coupled chemokine receptor famil |
| 420 | Native, oligomeric envelope is resistant to digestion by glycosidases. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:155 (abstract no. 420) Means RE, Desrosiers RC; Harvard Med. Sch., Southborough, MA. Carbohydrates on gp120 have been shown to play a role in protein folding and to influence immune responses against the virus. We studied the sensitivity of the gp120s of SIVmac239 and SIVmac316 to enzymatic deglycosylation and the resultant effects on infectivity. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of virion-associated |
| 421 | Analysis of mutations in the intracytoplasmic domain of the HIV-1 env gene that block viral replication. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:155 (abstract no. 421) Li J, Luciw PA; Univ. of California, Davis. This project aims to analyze the biological roles of potential functional motifs of the intracytoplasmic domain of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein. Two such motifs designated the LLP-1 and LLP-2 (lentivirus lytic peptides), are amphipathic alpha-helices that have cell lytic properties and bind the cellular protein calmoduli |
| 422 | Pertussis toxin-insensitive signaling is required for the entry of HIV-1 into primary T lymphocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:155 (abstract no. 422) Alfano M, Schmidtmayerova H, Amella CA, Pushkarsky T, Bukrinsky M; The Picower Inst. for Med. Res., Manhasset, NY. Infection of target cells by HIV-1 requires initial binding interactions between the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, the cell surface protein CD4, and one of the members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled chemokine receptor family. Most primary isolates (R5 strains) use chemokine receptor CCR5, but some p |
| 423 | Inefficient entry of a cytopathic primary HIV-1 isolate into cell lines. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:155 (abstract no. 423) Derdeyn C, Sfakianos G, Hunter E; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham. A primary isolate of HIV-1 was recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a late stage patient with AIDS. This isolate, DIJO, replicates to high titers and produces numerous large syncytia in PBMC cultures, yet it does not productively infect any of the GHOST cell lines, including GHOST-X4. We confirme |
| 424 | Analysis of the interaction between gp120 V3 region and coreceptors by using chimeric env-pseudotyped viruses (I): requirement of binding of the V3 region, regardless of the amino acid sequence, to corresponding chemokine receptors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:156 (abstract no. 424) Yonezawa A, Hori T, Takaori-Kondo A, Morita R, Uchiyama T; Graduate Sch. of Med., Kyoto Univ., Japan. Interaction between HIV-I Env and the relevant chemokine receptors is crucial for subsequent membrane fusion and viral entry. Although the V3 region of gp120 is known to determine the cell tropism as well as the coreceptor usage, the significance of the binding of the V3 region to the chemokine receptor has not been fu |
| 425 | Soluble CD4 activates HIV-1 env for coreceptor-dependent fusion and reveals blocking activities of antibodies against cryptic conserved epitopes on gp120. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:156 (abstract no. 425) Salzwedel K, Smith ED, Dey B, Berger EA; NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD. The push for an effective AIDS vaccine has been hampered, in part, by the inability to elicit a potent neutralizing antibody response against genetically diverse HIV-1 isolates. Two human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 17b and 48d, have been described that bind a conserved region of gp120, overlapping the coreceptor-bin |
| 426 | Differential acquisition of host cell surface proteins on HIV-1 clinical strains grown on PBMC and monocyte-derived macrophages. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:156 (abstract no. 426) Cantin R, Tremblay MJ; Infectious Diseases Res. Ctr., Sainte-Foy, Canada. Several retroviruses have the ability to interact with host cell proteins while budding out from the infected cell. HIV is no exception to this trend, and in fact both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were found to acquire several cell surface molecules. Amongst surface glycoproteins associated with HIV, some of them seem to be more be |
| 427 | Neutralization sensitivity of HIV-1 particles is significantly decreased by interactions between virion-bound host ICAM-1 and the high-affinity form of LFA-1 on target cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:156 (abstract no. 427) Fortin JF, Cantin R, Bergeron MG, Tremblay MJ; Infectious Diseases Res. Ctr., CHUQ, Sainte-Foy, Canada. The oligomeric pattern of the viral envelope proteins have been suggested as being responsible for the observed difference in neutralization sensitivity between primary and laboratory-passaged strains of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Recent evidence is suggesting that host factors can also modify neutral |
| 428 | Effects of in vivo CD8-depletion on the control of virus replication in rhesus macaques immunized with a live, attenuated SIV vaccine and protected from pathogenic SIV challenge. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:156 (abstract no. 428) Metzner KJ, Jin X, Lee FV, Gettie A, Dailey PJ, Ho DD, Marx PA, Kostrikis LG, Connor RI; The Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. We investigated the role of CD8+ T cells in the control of virus replication in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) immunized with a live, attenuated SIV vaccine (SIVmac239deltanef). Six animals were immunized with SIVmac239deltanef and were shown to be infected. Of these, three were subsequently challenged with a pathoge |
| 429 | Protection of macaques against vaginal transmission of a pathogenic HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus (SHIV) by passive infusion of neutralizing antibodies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:157 (abstract no. 429) Mascola J, Stiegler G, Vancott T, Katinger H, Carpenter C, Hanson C, Beary H, Hayes D, Frankel S, Birx D, Lewis M; Walter Reed Army Inst. of Res., Rockville, MD. Since HIV-1 infection most often occurs after mucosal exposure, we sought to determine if passively infused neutralizing antibodies could inhibit the vaginal transmission of a pathogenic SHIV. SHIV vaginal challenge experiments were performed after controlling the macaque estrous cycle with progesterone. Two human mono |
| 430 | Recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara-elicited SIV gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:157 (abstract no. 430) Seth A, Ourmanov I, Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Lifton MA, Nickerson CE, Wyatt L, Carroll M, Moss B, Venzon D, Hirsch V, Letvin NL; Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, MA. The use of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) as a vector for eliciting simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and protection against SIV infection was explored in rhesus monkeys. After 2 intramuscular immunizations with 10(8) pfu of recombinant MVA-SIV(SM) gagpol, all of 4 Mamu-A*01+ rh |
| 431 | Second-generation enhanced DNA, alphavirus, and adjuvanted protein vaccine approaches stimulate potent immune responses against HIV antigens. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:157 (abstract no. 431) Barnett SW, Zur Megede J, Srivastava I, Ott G, O'Hagan D, Gardner J, Polo J, Dubensky TW, Selby M, Ulmer J, Donnelly J, Liu MA; Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA. The challenge for developing effective vaccines against HIV infection and disease lies in the generation of potent, broad, and durable immune responses. Toward this end, our group has focused on increasing the potency of both gene delivery (DNA, alphavirus vectors) and adjuvanted subunit protein vaccine technologies, a |
| 432 | Novel alphavirus vaccine vectors for efficient gene delivery to dendritic cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:157 (abstract no. 432) Gardner J, Frolov I, Ji Y, Perri S, Belli B, Driver D, Sherrill S, Liu M, Dubensky T, Polo J; Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cell population and play a pivotal role in eliciting the humoral and cellular immune responses central to successful vaccination. We have developed alphavirus-based replicon particles for efficient gene delivery to human DCs, using the prototype alphavirus, S |
| 433 | HIV gag encoding RNA transfected dcs induce a primary immune response in vitro. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:157 (abstract no. 433) Weissman D, Ni H, Dude A, Scales D, Isaacs S, Kariko K; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. An effective HIV vaccine is critically needed to prevent HIV-1 transmission or modify disease after infection. While the determinants of protection are not known, infected long-term non-progressors show broad CD8+ CTL responses and strong CD4+ T-cell helper activity, suggesting that at least partial protection can be a |
| 434 | In vivo T-cell priming in rhesus macaques by reinjected immature and mature dendritic cells bearing soluble or recombinant viral vector-encoded antigens. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:158 (abstract no. 434) Ignatius R, Lewis M, Cox WI, Frankel S, Mascola J, Villamide L, Mehlhop E, Steinman RM, Pope M; The Rockefeller Univ., New York. As the most potent antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are being studied for their capacity to elicit immunity to immunodeficiency viruses. One approach to utilize DCs to induce antigen-specific immunity, involves generating large numbers of DCs from blood, loading them with different forms of antigen, and |
| 435 | HIV replication in human, adult microglia varies with activation state. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:158 (abstract no. 435) Albright A, Shieh J, Gonzalez-Scarano F; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Clinical studies have suggest that the brain is a potential sanctuary site for individuals whose HIV load is otherwise well controlled. Microglia, which are subdivided into several subtypes based on anatomic location and surface markers, are the major HIV-infected cell type in the CNS. We have used microglia isolated f |
| 436 | Flow cytometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T-lymphocytes in HIV infection: feasibility and initial cross-sectional and longitudinal observations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:158 (abstract no. 436) Price RW, Cho TA, Aberg JA, Grant R, McCune JM, Hebert SJ, Deeks S, Pearce RB, Bredt B; Univ. of California, San Francisco. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of flow cytometric (FC) analysis of lymphocyte phenotypes in CSF and define their distributions in relation to peripheral blood (PB). Design & Methods: HIV-infected volunteer subjects without CNS OIs underwent study lumbar punctures (LPs) that included analysis by FC of lymphoc |
| 437 | Brain-derived HIV-1 A and D clade gp120 sequences display recombination events and high molecular diversity. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:158 (abstract no. 437) Zhang K, Hawken M, Rana F, Gartner S, Power C; Univ. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Background: Although HIV-1 infects the brain and causes neurological disease, the extent of viral evolution and recombination occurring in the brain and the viral sequences that influence neurotropism remain uncertain. Thus, we examined the HIV-1 gp120 sequences derived from brain and spleen of untreated patients, infe |
| 438 | Mapping the mechanism(s) of SDF-1alpha-induced neuronal dysfunction. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:158 (abstract no. 438) Zeng YC, Zheng J, Gendelman HE, Xiong H; Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha. Accumulating evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1alpha) and its receptor, CXCR4, play an integral role in mediating neuronal injury associated with HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). Immune competent astrocytes secrete SDF-1alpha which can directly mediate neuronal apoptosis. Our recent work |
| 439 | HIV-1 tat induction of matrix metalloproteinases causes neuronal damage. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:159 (abstract no. 439) Johnston J, Zhang K, Silva C, Conant K, Ni L, Holden J, Corbett D, Yong V, Power C; Univ. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Background: The release of neurotoxins by infected macrophages and microglia is implicated in HIV neuropathogenesis. The HIV-1 transactivating protein, Tat, induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are increased in other neurological diseases defined by neuronal injury. Thus, we examined the rol |
| 440 | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) induces changes in chemokines that correlate with improvements in cognitive function and HIV RNA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:159 (abstract no. 440) Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, McCutchan JA; HIV Neurobehavioral Res. Ctr., San Diego, CA. Background: HIV-related cognitive impairment is associated with viral replication and macrophage activation in the brain. Cross-sectional studies show that such impairment is associated with elevated levels of chemokines and HIV RNA in CSF but the effect of ARVs on these relationships is not well-described. Methods: Su |
| 441 | Amelioration of neurotoxic effects of HIV envelope protein gp120 by fibroblast growth factor 1: a strategy for neuroprotection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:159 (abstract no. 441) Everall IP, Trillo-Pazos G, Bell C, Vyakanam A, Mallory M, Sanders V, Masliah E; Inst. of Psychiatry, London, UK. HIV mediated neuronal damage and loss is accompanied clinically by the onset and progression of HIV associated cognitive disorder and dementia . In vitro, the envelope protein causes excitotoxic damage and death to human neurons. Despite the success of current antiretroviral therapy the persistence of HIV related cogni |
| 442 | The effect of genotypic resistance on the cerebrospinal fluid virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:159 (abstract no. 442) Cinque P, Presi S, Bestetti A, Racca S, Pierotti C, Morelli P, Carrera P, Ferrari M, Lazzarin A; San Raffaele Hosp., Milan, Italy. Background and Objectives. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-1 RNA levels usually decline following Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), however CSF do not necessarily parallel plasma levels. Objectives of this study were to assess the virological short-term response in CSF and whether genotypic drug resistance co |
| 443 | Trafficking of T lymphocytes and virions through the thoracic duct of SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:159 (abstract no. 443) Mohri H, Blanchard J, Tung K, Gettie A, Booth J, Bailey P, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Res. Ctr., New York. To explore the rate of trafficking of T cells and viral particles through the lymphatics, we cannulated the thoracic duct of 4 rhesus macaques chronically infected by SIVmac239. For 3-4 hours, drainage from the thoracic duct was collected from each animal. The mean flow rate was approximately 8 ml/hr, and the mean CD4 |
| 444 | Origin of FDC-associated virions. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:160 (abstract no. 444) Dumaurier MJ, Cheynier R, Wain-Hobson S; Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France. Background: Germinal centers support HIV replication with abundant virions loaded on the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) surface. The origin of these virions is not known. They may be accumulated either via entrance by circulating blood borne virus (peripheral origin) or via the viral production of local infected antig |
| 445 | Identification of two novel domains of SIVmac239 Nef important for activation of and association with the p21-activated kinase (PAK). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:160 (abstract no. 445) Ye M, Hamza MS, Antonio EF, Shaw KE, Luciw P, Sawai ET; Univ. of California, Davis. Live attenuated SIV vaccines based on large deletions of Nef have been shown to be pathogenic in rhesus macaques. Pathogenic conversion of delta Nef-based viruses was linked to restoration of expression of a truncated form of Nef (tNef) in 4 of 6 rhesus macaques developing simian AIDS (SAIDS). tNef is a 25-27 kDa prote |
| 446 | HIV-1 Nef-mediated downregulation of CD4 closely correlates with Nef enhancement of viral pathogenesis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:160 (abstract no. 446) Geleziunas R, Ferrell S, Linquist-Stepps VD, Moreno ME, Bare C, Xu W, Yonemoto W, Bresnahan PA, McCune JM, Stoddart CA, Greene WC; Gladstone Inst. of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA. The nef gene products encoded by HIV-1 and SIV-1 accelerate progression to AIDS. Nef exhibits numerous functional activities including the ability to 1) downregulate CD4 and MHC class I antigens, 2) alter the state of T-cell activation, and 3) enhance the infectivity of viral particles. To determine which of these func |
| 447 | Elimination of CD4+ T cells in vivo is determined by CCR5 coexpression and the state of cell activation in early SIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:160 (abstract no. 447) Veazey R, Mansfield K, Tham I, Forand A, Lackner A; New England Reg. Primate Res. Ctr., Southborough, MA. Profound intestinal CD4+ T-cell depletion occurs within 14 days of SIV infection, whereas minimal changes occur in peripheral lymphoid tissues by this time. We have since shown that a selective depletion of CD4+ T cells having an activated, memory phenotype occurs in all lymphoid tissues within 3 weeks of infection. Ho |
| 448 | CCR5 haplotypes associated with enhanced or reduced transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:160 (abstract no. 448) Mangano A, Gonzalez E, Catano G, Dhanda R, Bamshad M, Cabrera S, Sato N, Cao H, Bock A, Ahuja SS, Dolan M, Bologna R, Sen L, Ahuja SK; Hosp. de Pediatria "JP Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina. The goal of this study was to determine the association between the CCR5 human haplotypes (HH) (Gonzalez et al; Proc Natl Acad Sci 1999;21:12004-9) and altered risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We determined the CCR5 haplotype pairs in 649 Argentinean children perinatally exposed to HIV-1 (347 infected and |
| 449 | Polymorphism in RANTES chemokine promoter affects HIV-1 disease progression in Japanese and distributes differently in Asians, Africans, and Caucasians. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:160 (abstract no. 449) Liu H, Chao D, Nakayama EE, Taguchi H, Goto M, Xin X, Takebe Y, Wasi C, Ma J, Liang W, Theodorou I, Magierowska M, Krishnamoorty R, Chaventre A, Debre P, Nakamura T, Nagai Y, Iwamoto A, Shioda T; Inst. Med. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo. RANTES is one of the ligands of CCR5 and potently suppresses R5 strains of HIV-1. Previous studies demonstrated that CD4+ lymphocytes obtained from different individuals showed wide variations in their ability to secrete RANTES. These findings prompted us to analyze the immediate upstream non-coding region of RANTES ge |
| 450 | Up-regulation of type 1 interferon-inducible genes after HIV-1 rebound in persons terminating HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:161 (abstract no. 450) Palmer LD, Davey RT, Baseler MW, Kovacs JA, Stevens R, Adelsberger JW, Lambert L, Metcal JA, Dewar R, Polis MA, Dimitrov DS, Lane HC, Lempicki RA; SAIC, Frederick, MD. Type I interferons (IFN I) are known to be associated with increased control of viral replication and induction of T and B cell responses. As a step towards detailing the immunological responses to HIV-1 infection, microarray genechip technology was used to determine expression levels of approximately 6800 genes in PBM |
| 451 | Patterns of plasma HIV RNA responses in antiretroviral treatment success and failure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:161 (abstract no. 451) Huang W, Degruttola V, Fischl M, Hammer S, Richman DD, Havlir D, Mellors J; Harvard/SDAC, Cambridge, MA. Background: Identification of early virologic predictors of treatment failure in patients starting antiretroviral therapy could improve virologic outcome by triggering appropriate treatment changes (e.g., intensification). Objective: The goal of this study was to characterize patterns of HIV RNA response associated wit |
| 452 | CCR5delta32 deletion and response to HAART in HIV-1-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:161 (abstract no. 452) Guerin S, Meyer L, Theodorou I, Boufassa F, Magierowska M, Goujard C, Rouzioux C, Debre P, Delfraissy JF; INSERM U292, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Paris, France. Background: Patients bearing a delta32 deletion on one allele of the gene coding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor progress less rapidly to AIDS and death than do wild-type patients. Objective: To investigate the role of the CCR5 delta32 deletion in the 6-month response to HAART in a protease inhibitor-naïve population o |
| 453 | Improvement in CD4 T-cell counts despite virologic treatment failure: role of thymic output. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:161 (abstract no. 453) Lecossier D, Clavel F, Hance AJ; Paris, France. In an important minority of individuals infected with HIV-1, viral load fails to decline or rapidly rebounds following treatment with combined antiretroviral agents. Despite this apparent treatment failure, some, but not all, of these patients demonstrate substantial improvement in the absolute number of circulating CD |
| 454 | Association of viral load, CD4 cell count, and treatment with clinical progression in HIV patients with very low CD4 cell counts: the euroSIDA cohort. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:161 (abstract no. 454) Miller V, Mocroft A, Clotet B, Ledergerber B, Kirk O, D'Arminio Monforte A, Lundgren JD; JW Goethe Univ., Frankfurt, Germany. A substantial number of patients experience virological failure and/or insufficient immune recovery while on potent combination treatment. Objective: to assess the association between CD4 cell count, viral load and potent combination treatment with clinical progression in EuroSIDA patients with CD4 cell counts |
| 455 | Pharmacodynamics (PD) of indinavir (IDV) in protease-naïve HIV-infected patients receiving ZDV and 3TC. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:162 (abstract no. 455) Acosta EP, Havlir DV, Richman DD, Zhou XJ, Hirsch M, Collier AC, Tebas P, Sommadossi JP; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham. Background: Systemic drug exposure is critical in achieving and maintaining plasma HIV RNA suppression. We evaluated pharmacologic determinants of viral suppression in a cohort of patients treated with IDV, ZDV, and 3TC in ACTG 343. Methods: Subjects received open-label triple therapy for 6 months. |
| 456 | Randomized trial of continued indinavir (IDV)/ZDV/3TC vs. switch to IDV/ddI/d4T or IDV/ddI/d4T + hydroxyurea in patients with viral suppression. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:162 (abstract no. 456) Havlir D, Gilbert P, Bennett K, Collier A, Hirsch M, Tebas P, Adams E, Goodwin D, Schnittman S, Holohan MK, Richman D; NIAID ACTG, Bethesda, MD. Background: Current antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens still have unacceptable virologic failure rates. HU may improve VS by potentiating ddI activity, but may also increase toxicity. Objective/Methods: To determine whether long term rates of VS and outcome could be improved with HU, subjects with >200 CD4 and HIV |
| 457 | Protease inhibitor class-sparing maintenance therapy with abacavir (ABC) + lamivudine (3TC) + zidovudine (ZDV) in patients with long-term suppression of HIV-1 RNA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:162 (abstract no. 457) Opravil M, Yerly S, Lazzarin A, Furrer HJ, Chave JP, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Battegay M, Python C, Perrin L, Hirschel B; Univ. Hosp. Zurich, Switzerland. Objectives: To assess if switching successfully pre-treated patients from a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing HAART to a simple triple nucleoside analogue regimen provides similar virologic efficacy and reduces PI-associated adverse events. Methods: Patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA 6 months following PI-containing HAART |
| 458 | SITT: A prospective trial of strategic treatment interruptions. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:162 (abstract no. 458) Fagard C, Lebraz M, Tortajada C, Garcia F, Bernasconi E, Battegay M, Gunthard H, Furrer HJ, Vernazza P, Oxenius A, Phillips R, Yerly S, Gatell J, Perneger T, Erb P, Perrin L, Hirschel B; Geneva, Switzerland. Background: HIV-specific immune responses (IR) decrease during HAART. Rebounds during treatment (Rx) interruption may stimulate the IR and eventually permit discontinuation of HAART. Methods: The Swiss Intermittent Treatment Trial (SITT) enrols patients who are ART-naïve before HAART, without treatment failure during H |
| 459 | Pre-AIDS mortality and its association with HIV disease progression in hemophilic men, injecting drug users, and homosexual men. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:162 (abstract no. 459) Prins M, Sabin CA, Lee CA, Devereux H, Coutinho RA; Municipal Hlth. Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Objective: To study pre-AIDS mortality and its association with HIV disease progression in different exposure groups with known intervals of HIV seroconversion. Methods: The type and rate of pre-AIDS deaths were assessed in 111 HIV-infected hemophilic men followed in London, and 118 injecting drug users (IDU) and 158 h |
| 460 | Is HAART enough? Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:163 (abstract no. 460) Witek J, Dean L, Evangelista L, Gold M; MCP Hahnemann Univ., Philadelphia. Nationwide, the decline in AIDS-related mortality has been attributed to HAART. However,it is unknown if these benefits extend to all segments of the population and will exert a durable impact on the epidemic. The Partnership Comprehensive Care Practice provides comprehensive outpatient and inpatient services to 1,100 |
| 461 | Mortality in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected adults started on a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing therapy: standardization to the french general population. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:163 (abstract no. 461) Lewden C, May T, Dupon M, Cassuto JP, Masquelier B, Souville M, Moore N, Chene G, Leport C; Inserm U330 Bordeaux, France. Objectives: To describe overall and specific mortality rates in a cohort of HIV-infected adults started on a PI containing therapy, according to gender and response to treatment, and to compare to general population mortality rates. Methods: HIV-infected adults started on a PI therapy in 47 French centres were consecut |
| 462 | Trends in fatal infectious diseases among persons dying of HIV infection in the era of HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:163 (abstract no. 462) Selik RM; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Objective: To examine recent trends in infectious-disease causes of death among HIV-infected persons. Methods: We identified secondary and contributory causes of death among persons who died of underlying HIV infection by ICD-9 codes in the multiple-cause death certificate data compiled by NCHS for all U.S. deaths in 1 |
| 463 | The changing spectrum of HIV mortality: analysis of 249 deaths from 1995-1999. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:163 (abstract no. 463) Chowdhry T, Valdez H, Asaad R, Woolley I, Davis T, Davidson R, Lederman MM; Univ. Hosp. of Cleveland, OH. Background and Methods: Mortality among HIV infected patients has been decreasing with the advent of HAART. In our HIV clinic that has maintained a stable patient population of between 600 and 650 patients, we analyzed the 249 deaths that occurred from January 1995-June 1999. Cause of death, CD4 cell count, viral load, |
| 464 | Causes of death and factors associated with AIDS-related mortality in Seattle-King County, WA. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:163 (abstract no. 464) Leonetti A, Barkan S, Hopkins S, Duchin J, Buskin S; Publ. Hlth., Seattle & King County, WA. Introduction: Despite a 94% decline in the rate of AIDS-related deaths in Seattle-King County (SKC), WA between 1987 and 1998, a substantial number of deaths continue to occur. In order to describe the correlates of mortality among persons with AIDS, we reviewed medical records of all SKC deaths and data from the Seatt |
| 465 | Utilization of medical services is associated with survival among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:163 (abstract no. 465) Kitahata M, Van Rompaey S, Koepsell T, Deyo R, Wagner E; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. In a previous study, we demonstrated that greater experience among primary care physicians is associated with better survival among their AIDS patients. We hypothesized that the improvement in survival was due to more appropriate use of medical care services by more experienced physicians. We examined utilization for 1 |
| 466 | African americans with HIV-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) to receive high-quality PCP care and more likely to survive hospitalizations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:164 (abstract no. 466) Parada J, Chan C, Sipler A, Chmiel J, Yarnold P, Nwadiaro N, Slom T, McIlraith T, Bennett C; Stricht Sch. of Med., Loyola Univ., Maywood, IL. Background: In the 1980s large variations in the quality of care for minority patients with PCP were noted. Racial differences in care for hospitalized patients with PCP have not been evaluated for the early HAART era, although large variations in care and outcomes were noted previously [Bennett CL, Arch Int Med 1995;1 |
| 467 | Assessing feasibility of STD control interventions for HIV prevention in the United States. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:164 (abstract no. 467) Kamb M, Irwin K, Cohen D, Farley T, Rampalo A, Dunning R, Miller W, Leone P, Fox K; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Background: To assess the potential impact of STD control on HIV acquisition and transmission in the U.S., investigators in 3 U.S. cities with high STD and HIV prevalence are studying co-morbidity and STD health care access and quality. Methods: As a first step, STD prevalence is being studied in community settings (e. |
| 468 | High HIV seroprevalence associated with diagnosis of gonorrhea or syphilis in men who have sex with men, New York City Dept. of Hlth. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinics, 1990-1998. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:164 (abstract no. 468) Torian L, Makki H, Menzies I, Benson D, Weisfuse I; New York City Dept. of Hlth. Background/Objective: To measure trends in HIV seroprevalence (P) associated with a diagnosis of gonorrhea (GC) or syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) who presented to NYCDOH STD clinics during 1990-1998. Method: An unlinked HIV-1 serosurvey was done using remnant serum originally drawn for routine serologic te |
| 469 | Rebound of seminal HIV-1 viral load associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) after virologic suppression by antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:164 (abstract no. 469) Barroso PF, Schechter M, Gupta P, Murta FC, Vieira M, Melo MF, Souza Y, Harrison LH; HUCFF, Federal Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Background: STDs enhance HIV sexual transmission and genital HIV shedding. The impact of STDs on seminal HIV-1 shedding previously suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) is unknown. Methods: Cohort study of HIV-infected subjects during the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1 RNA was measured in plasma ( |
| 470 | Emergence of primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in Chicago and relationship to HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:164 (abstract no. 470) Ciesielski C, Beidinger H; Chicago Dept. of Publ. Hlth., IL. The intersection between syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been well characterized. While syphilis is disappearing from the rest of the nation, Chicago has reported the 2nd highest number of primary and secondary syphilis (P&S) cases in the United States since 1997. To determine factors responsibl |
| 471 | Predictors of seminal viral load (SVL) suppression in subjects starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:165 (abstract no. 471) Barroso PF, Harrison LH, Gupta P, Murta FC, Souza Y, Melo MF, Vieira M, Schechter M; HUCFF, Federal Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Background: Long-term adherence to ART is critical to sustain a virologic suppression in blood. Although ART reduces SVL, little is known about the relation of adherence to ART and virologic response in semen. Objective: To determine predictors of SVL suppression (SVL |
| 472 | Effects of partner notification for HIV and syphilis on behaviors and relationships. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:165 (abstract no. 472) Kissinger P, Niccolai LM, Miller MD, Maher JE, Richardson G, Dorst D, Farley TA, Peterman TA; Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA. Objective: The purpose of this ongoing study is to compare changes in relationships and behaviors after partner notification (PN) for HIV and syphilis. Methods: Individuals are eligible if they receive PN services for a diagnosis of HIV or syphilis (index cases) or if they are sex partners who are notified of their pot |
| 473 | Primary HIV infections associated with oral transmission. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:165 (abstract no. 473) Dillon B, Hecht FM, Swanson M, Goupil-Sormany I, Grant RM, Chesney MA, Kahn JO; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Objective: To investigate reported cases of oral HIV transmission in a cohort of persons with primary HIV infection. Methods: From 6/96 - 6/99 we enrolled 122 persons with primary HIV defined as within 12 months of documented HIV seroconversion or history compatible with primary HIV infection confirmed by less sensitiv |
| 474 | Epidemiology of HIV testing among tuberculosis patients in North Carolina. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:165 (abstract no. 474) Stout JE, Ratard R, Southwick K, Hamilton CD; Duke Univ. Med. Ctr., Durham, NC. Objective: To determine which factors predict human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and outcomes in a cohort of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in North Carolina. Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: Surveillance data collected from healthcare providers and public health departments on all reported cases of |
| 475 | An assessment of HIV-1 seroprevalence trends among TB clinic attendants, blood donors and the general population among African nations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:165 (abstract no. 475) Shandera WX, Bouckenooghe AR; Baylor Coll. of Med., Houston, TX. Purpose: To assess the reported trends of HIV-1 seroprevalence among selected populations in African nations. Methods: The amassed US Bureau of the Census HIV-1 seroprevalence data from 1985 to the present were assessed, noting trends through time by regression analyses and using only studies deemed excellent or to con |
| 476 | Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) infection among homosexual men and injecting drug users in Italy: higher prevalence related to HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:165 (abstract no. 476) Zaccarelli M, Rezza G, Giuliani M, Calcaterra S, Garbuglia AR, Catalani C, Ippolito G, Antinori A; I.R.C.C.S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy. Objective. TTV is a recently recognized single-stranded DNA virus, which has been reported to be parenterally transmitted, but sexual transmission has also been hypotized. TTV viraemia was associated with hepatitis of unknown origin. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of TTV among two populatio |
| 477 | Risk factors for hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection in a well-characterized long-term cohort of homosexual men. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:166 (abstract no. 477) Craib KJ, Sherlock CH, Hogg RS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT; Ctr. for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. Objective: To determine HCV prevalence and identify risk factors for HCV infection in a cohort of sexually active homosexual men followed over time (VLAS). Methods: A stratified random sample of 232 men was selected from 1000 subjects in the VLAS. Of these, 112 (48%) and 120 (52%) were HIV-negative (HIV-) and HIV-posit |
| 478 | Rates of risk behaviors among U.S. HIV-positive blood donors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:166 (abstract no. 478) Clark K, Finlayson T, Lavinghouze R, Busch M, Steketee R, Williams A; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Background: U.S. blood donors are screened by interview and laboratory tests. Though laboratory testing has improved, it is still possible to miss persons with early HIV infection. Such recently infected persons pose a risk to the blood supply. Methods: From 1988-98, we collected data on donations and the number positi |
| 479 | European HIV reporting: first results and comparison with AIDS reporting. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:166 (abstract no. 479) Infuso A, Hamers FF, Alix J, Downs AM, Brunet JB; European Ctr. Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, Saint-Maurice, France. Introduction: A European surveillance system, based on national HIV reporting systems existing in the WHO European Region, was set up in 1999 to complement European AIDS reporting. Methods Analysis of adult HIV and AIDS cases reported in 31 countries grouped into West ( Belgium , |
| 480 | Comparing risk behaviors between HIV-1-seropositive clients and recent HIV-1 seroconverters among illicit drug users (IDU's) receiving HIV counseling and testing (C/T) at a drug treatment center (DTC) in NYC from 1994 to 1998. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:166 (abstract no. 480) Wang L, Wikoff J, Glebatis D; Bureau of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology, New York State Dept. of Hlth., Albany. Background: Limited data on high risk sexual and drug behavior from a record-based HIV incidence study of IDU s receiving HIV C/T at a NYC DTC was analyzed to determine if individuals recently infected with HIV were different from those infected in the past. Methods: The HIV C/T records of all clients tested from 1994 |
| 481 | Risk factors for recent HIV-1 infection identified by sensitive/less-sensitive EIA testing at an anonymous testing center in Santos, Brazil. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:166 (abstract no. 481) Caseiro MM, Alves KS, Graves A, Page-Shafer KA, Diaz R, Coates T, Rawal B, Busch MP; Univ. Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Objectives: (1) To estimate HIV incidence among clients seeking HIV testing at an anonymous HIV test (ATS) center in Santos, Brazil from 1995 -1998 using a sensitive/less-sensitive EIA testing strategy(1). (2) To describe sociodemographic characteristics associated with incident HIV infection among ATS clients. Methods |
| 482 | Application of the sensitive/less-sensitive EIA testing strategy to estimate incidence among drug users admitted to drug treatment. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:167 (abstract no. 482) Murrill C, Miller M, Bordelon K, Linley L, Royalty J, Kothe D, Steketee R; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Objectives: To estimate seroincidence among injection drug users (IDUs) admitted to drug treatment by using a newly developed testing strategy (sensitive/less sensitive EIA). Methods: Remnant serum specimens routinely collected from IDUs during intake proceedings in 2 drug treatment centers in New York City (1995-1996) |
| 483 | Drug users participating in mobile needle exchange report higher HIV risk behaviors than those participating in pharmacy-based needle exchange. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:167 (abstract no. 483) Riley ED, Vlahov D, Safaeian M, Marx MA, Beilenson P, Strathdee S; The Johns Hopkins Sch. of Publ. Hlth., Baltimore, MD. Objective: To compare baseline HIV risk behaviors of Needle Exchange Program (NEP) participants attending a mobile van-based (VB) exchange to participants attending a pharmacy-based (PB) exchange. Methods: Between 12/97 to 12/98, first-time NEP participants of both types of NEP venue underwent baseline interviews perta |
| 484 | HIV seroconversion among injection drug users attending needle exchange programs in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: before and after 1995. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:167 (abstract no. 484) Bruneau J, Lachance N, Lamothe F, Vincelette J; Ctr. de Recherche Clinique du CHUM, Univ. of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Objectives: In 1997, we reported an association between Needle Exchange Programs (NEP) attendance in the past 6 months and HIV seroconversion among Injection Drug Users recruited from 1989 to 1995 in the Saint-Luc Cohort Study. Since 1995, several modifications have been implemented within the prevention programs in Mo |
| 485 | High-risk behaviors in and out of incarcerated settings for African-American men treated for HIV at 3 Los Angeles public medical centers. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:167 (abstract no. 485) Wohl AR, Johnson D, Jordan W, Lu S, Beall G, Currier J, Kerndt P; Los Angeles County Dept. of Hlth. Services, CA. Objectives: This research describes high-risk sexual and drug-using behaviors in and out of incarceration and evaluates the contribution of these behaviors to HIV risk for African-American men receiving HIV care at 3 public medical centers in Los Angeles County, California. Methods: A case-control study was conducted i |
| 486 | Incarceration and heterosexual HIV infection among rural African Americans. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:167 (abstract no. 486) Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, Stancil TR, Martinson FE, Donaldson KH, Aral SO, Fullilove RE; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Background: HIV surveillance reveals increasing heterosexual transmission among African Americans (AAs) in the Southern US, but little is known about the distribution of sexual risk behaviors in this population. Methods: A standardized interview concerning sexual and drug using behavior was administered to 188 consecut |
| 487 | A cluster of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults in rural Mississippi (MS). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:167 (abstract no. 487) Hader SL, Slavinski SA, Hotchkiss RL, Greenberg AE, Holmberg SD; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Objectives: To describe a cluster of HIV-infected young African-Americans in a small town in rural Mississippi, and to overcome barriers to care. Methods: Comprehensive interviews of HIV-infected persons and their uninfected sex partners were conducted, and blood specimens from infected persons were tested for CD4+ T-l |
| 488 | Sensitive/Less-Sensitive HIV Testing Strategy to Identify a High-Risk Heterosexual Population in Brazil Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:168 (abstract no. 488) Schechter M, Do Lago RF, Moreira RI, Sheppard HW, Guimaraes NC, Harrison LH; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Background: HIV vaccine efficacy trials require high-risk populations with a substantial HIV seroconversion rate and a willingness to participate in trials. We used the recently-described sensitive/less sensitive (S/LS) ELISA assay to identify a high-risk heterosexual population for such trials in |
| 489 | Late seroconversion in HIV resistant' Nairobi prostitutes is associated with a preceding decrease in HIV exposure. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:168 (abstract no. 489) Kaul R, Kimani J, Dong T, Yang H, Bwayo J, MacDonald K, Plummer F, Rowland-Jones S; Univ. of Nairobi, Kenya. Background: Despite intense HIV-1 exposure, a minority of Nairobi prostitutes remain HIV uninfected, as determined by serology and PCR, and have been defined as HIV resistant. Since 1996 six of these women have seroconverted, prompting this immuno-epidemiologic investigation. Methods: Pre-conversion PBMC were tested fo |
| 490 | Molecular evidence for homosexual transmission of HIV-2 in a cluster of older men in Gipuzkoa, Spain. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:168 (abstract no. 490) Cilla G, Rodes B, Perez-Tallero E, Arrizabalaga J, Soriano V; Complejo Hosp. Donostia & Hosp. NS de Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Spain. Up to October 1999, 96 HIV-2+ individuals have been identified in Spain , 70% of them being African immigrants. A cluster of 8 HIV-2+ older Caucasian men living in the same geographical area in the North of Spain has been recognized during the last 5 years. None of the subjects had traveled to areas where HIV-2 is ende |
| 491 | Pediatric and adolescent HIV prophylaxis after sexual assault. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:168 (abstract no. 491) Neu N, Heffernan S, Brown J, Stimell M; Columbia Univ., New York. Objective: To develop guidelines for HIV prophylaxis in adolescents following sexual assault. Methods: From March to October 1999, adolescent patients presenting the New York Presbyterian Hospital ER within 72 hours of sexual assault were evaluated for enrollment in a prospective cohort study. Patients were provided a |
| 492 | Demand for post-sexual-exposure chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in Brazil. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:168 (abstract no. 492) Harrison LH, Do Lago RF, Moreira RI, Schechter M; Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA. Background: Post-sexual-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV infection is becoming common practice despite a lack of data on its effectiveness. PEP could potentially increase the risk of HIV infection if its availability resulted in increased high-risk behavior. Methods: HIV seronegative subjects who particip |
| 493 | Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis in Italy Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:169 (abstract no. 493) Puro V, Govoni A, Ippolito G; Italian PEP Registry, IRCCS Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. Objective: To monitor antiretroviral post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Italy . Methods: Longitudinal, prospective, open study. In November 1996, the Italian Ministry of Health constituted the Italian PEP Registry and issued a specific protocol to standardise the indications for, and the schedule of occupational combin |
| 494 | Spare postexposure prophylaxis with immediate HIV testing of the source patient. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:169 (abstract no. 494) Greub G, Maziero A, Rime B, Francioli P, Telenti A; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Rationale: Antiretroviral prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended after occupational exposure to HIV. The HIV status of the source patient is often unknown, leading to unnecessary PEP administration until the HIV status of the source-patient is established. Round-the-clock immediate HIV testing (IHT) could be useful in reduci |
| 495 | Validation of an expert system (ES) for management of HIV occupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:169 (abstract no. 495) Mathew P, Vazirani B, Kuo YH, John JF; Robert Wood Johnson Med. Sch./Univ. of Med. and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick. Background: The US Public Health Service has issued guidelines for the management of Health Care Workers (HCWs) with occupational exposures to HIV (CDC. MMWR 1998;47:1-33). The recommendations contain an algorithm to guide clinicians and exposed HCWs in deciding the need for PEP based on 1) assessment of the risk for i |
| 496 | Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 in patients who are the source of occupational exposures to health care workers. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:169 (abstract no. 496) Cheingsong R, Beltrami E, Respess R, Cardo D; CDC, Atlanta, GA. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine ( 3TC ) is currently recommended for certain occupational HIV exposures. Addition of a protease inhibitor (PI) is recommended for exposures that pose an increased risk for HIV transmission or where resistance to antiretroviral agents is known or suspe |
| 497 | Host and viral factors influence CCR5 receptor blockade. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:169 (abstract no. 497) Mosier DE, Piccho GR, Sabbe R, Lederman M, Offord R; The Scripps Res. Inst., La Jolla, CA. Objective: To explain individual variation in the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the CCR5 blocking agents aminooxypentane (AOP)- and n-nonanoyl (NNY)-RANTES between different human donors. Methods: Donors were genotyped for polymorphisms in the CCR5 coding and promoter regions. The impact of donor genotype on C |
| 498 | TAK-779, a specific inhibitor of HIV-1 entry, binds within a pocket formed by the trans-membrane domains of CCR5. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:170 (abstract no. 498) Dragic T, Lin S, Trkola A, Thomspon DA, Cormier EG, Kajumo F, Ying W, Smith SO, Sakmar TP, Moore JP; Albert Einstein Coll. of Med., Bronx, NY. TAK-779 is a small molecule inhibitor of R5, but not X4, HIV-1 replication in PBMC. It also blocks RANTES binding to CCR5 and MCP-1 binding to CCR2b, but is inactive on CCR1, CCR3 and CCR4 (Baba et al., PNAS 96: 5698-5703, 1999). To better understand structure-function relationships within CCR5, we have performed a ser |
| 499 | Dual-tropic recombinant chimeric chemokines directed against both M-tropic (R5) and T-Tropic (X4) HIVs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:170 (abstract no. 499) Arya SK, Ginsberg C, Davis-Warren A, Makhzani N, D'Acosta J; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD. To achieve effective control of HIV infection, a dual-tropic chemokine directed against both M-tropic (R5) and T-tropic (X4) HIVs will be needed. It is clear that HIV undergoes transition from the relatively mild M-tropic to the more virulent T-tropic HIV during the course of infection. There is evidence that a blockad |
| 500 | Strong in vitro synergy observed between the fusion inhibitor T-20 and a CXCR4 blocker, AMD-3100. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:170 (abstract no. 500) Tremblay C, Kollman C, Giguel F, Chou TC, Hirsch MS; Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Boston. Attachment and entry of HIV-1 into CD4 cells involves a series of events in which different viral envelope proteins interact with specific cell receptors, culminating in fusion of viral and cell membranes. Inhibitors of HIV-1 replication have been developed to act at various sites in this cascade. Combinations of agent |
| 501 | Combined effect of AOP-RANTES and Met-SDF-1beta in inhibiting infections by PHI viral isolates in vitro. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:170 (abstract no. 501) Rusconi S, La Seta-Catamancio S, Citterio P, Bulgheroni E, Croce F, Galli M, Hirsch MS; Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Boston, MA. Antagonists of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are promising antiretroviral agents. In this set of experiments we studied the combined effects of a derivative of SDF-1beta, Met-SDF-1beta, and a modified form of RANTES, AOP-RANTES. The combination inhibitory effect was tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB |
| 502 | Effects of peptide-induced humoral responses and preexisting antibodies in nonhuman primates and HIV-infected patients following chronic administration of T-20. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:170 (abstract no. 502) DiMassimo B, Milam D, Rusnak P, Higgins D, Smith R, Baker B, Dusek A, Hopkins S, Venetta T; Trimeris, Inc., Durham, NC. The effects of reactive serum antibodies on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of T-20 were evaluated in two nonclinical studies in cynomolgus monkeys and two clinical studies in which T-20 was administered as either a monotherapy or in combination with other HIV medications. In cynomolgus monkeys, antibody induction wa |
| 503 | Dendrimers can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by interfering with both virus adsorption and later steps (reverse transcriptase/integrase) in the virus replicative cycle. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:170 (abstract no. 503) Witvrouw M, Fikkert V, Matthews B, Schols D, Desmyter J, Raff J, de Clercq E, Holan G, Pannecouque C; Rega Inst. for Med. Res., Leuven, Belgium. Polyanionic dendrimers were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral effects. Phenyl dicarboxylic acid (BRI6195) and naphthyl disulfonic acid (BRI2923) dendrimers inhibited the replication of HIV-1 (IIIB) in MT-4 cells at a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.1 and 0.3 microgram/ml, respectively. The dendrimer |
| 504 | BMS-232632: A summary of multiple-dose pharmacokinetic, food effect, and drug interaction studies in healthy subjects. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:171 (abstract no. 504) O'Mara E, Mummaneni V, Randall D, Sagali N, Olsen S, Tanner T, Schuster A, Raymond R, Kaul S; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Res. Inst., Princeton, NJ. BMS-232632 (BMS) is a potent, new protease inhibitor (PI) that has shown excellent in vitro activity (EC50 of 2 to 5 nM). In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, subjects received oral doses of 200 through 800 mg once daily (QD) for 14 days. All dose levels were well tolerated. At and above 400 mg QD, steady-state m |
| 505 | Highly polar, water-soluble prodrugs of amprenavir: a new approach toward a more compact dosing regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:171 (abstract no. 505) Spaltenstein A, Baker C, Gray-Nunez Y, Kaldor I, Kazmierski W, Reynolds D, Tung R, Wheelan P, Furfine E; Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Res. Triangle Park, NC. Background: With twice a day dosing without regard to food and water intake (high-fat meals are not recommended) amprenavir , our recently approved HIV protease inhibitor, features a very convenient dosing regimen. Due to its low aqueous solubility, amprenavir requires a considerable amount of excipients to achieve sat |
| 506 | Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of MK-944A, a combination of a new HIV protease inhibitor with indinavir, in phase I studies. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:171 (abstract no. 506) Deutsch P, Yeh K, Ju W, Stone J, Zhong L, Rose M, Kenny E, Michiels N, Lens S, Zuckerman J, Guillaume M; Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA. L-756423 is an HIV protease inhibitor with an IC95 in cell culture of 25-50 nM and with a longer half-life in animal species than indinavir . Phase I studies in volunteers have investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of a combination (designated MK-944A) of L-756423 with indinavir. Following single dose fasted adm |
| 507 | Lack of Development of Drug Resistance during Short-Term Clinical Evaluation of Quinoxaline-Class NNRTI GW420867X Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:171 (abstract no. 507) Burt V, Klein A, Maguire M, Wood R, Arasteh K, Kleim JP; Glaxo Wellcome, Stevenage, UK. GW420867X is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV-1, and has shown to be a highly potent antiretroviral agent in vitro. Following monotherapy this class of drugs is often associated with rapid selection of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutants conferring high-level resistance. 60 subjects were e |
| 508 | A phase IB study of (+)-calanolide A in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:171 (abstract no. 508) Sherer R, Dutta B, Anderson R, Laudette-Aboulhab J, Kamarulzaman A, D'Amico R, Paton N, Abdullah MS, Pollard R, Cooley T, Flavin M, Xu ZQ; CORE Ctr., Cook County Hosp., Chicago, IL. Background: (+)-Calanolide A is a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and it exhibits in vitro synergistic to additive effects when combined with different NRTIs, Pis, and other NNRTIs. Objectives: To assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary antiviral effect of (+)-calanolide A in HIV- |
| 509 | The synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 with nucleoside analogs combined with a natural product, resveratrol. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:172 (abstract no. 509) Davis C, Heredia A, Redfield R; Inst. of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD. We evaluated the anti-HIV activity of a natural product, resveratrol (RV), combined with nucleoside analogs because of its effects to prolong S phase and its inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Methods: The anti-HIV-1 effects of RV plus nucleoside analogs was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) s |
| 510 | Preliminary results of a randomized multicenter study comparing combivir (ZDV/3TC) plus nelfinavir or nevirapine in HIV-infected naïve patients (COMBINE Study). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:172 (abstract no. 510) Podzamczer D, Ferrer E, Consiglio E, Gatell JM, Perez J, Perez JL, Lozano L, Gonzalez A, Sole R, Azuaje C, Llibre JM, Gonzalez A, Casiro A, Aranda M, Barrufet P, Lacasa JM, Badia X, Cahn P, Lupo S; Spain. We present the preliminary results of a open randomized multicenter trial comparing combivir (ZDV 300 mg/ 3TC 150 mg bid) associated to nelfinavir 1250 mg bid (Group 1) or nevirapine 200 mg bid (Group 2). One hundred and forty three HIV-infected naïve patients were r |
| 511 | Indinavir (IDV) + zidovudine (ZDV) + lamivudine (3TC) in treatment-naïve patients with >500 CD4 cells/mm3: 48-week follow-up. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:172 (abstract no. 511) McMahon D, Meibohm A, Robertson M, Pientka J, Goodwin D, Leavitt R; Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA. Objectives: To study the effects of IDV 800mg q8h plus ZDV 300mg q12h plus 3TC 150mg q12h on long term suppression of serum viral RNA in treatment-naïve patients with early HIV-1 infection defined as CD4 cell counts >500 cells/mm3, serum viral RNA (vRNA) > 1000 copies/mL , and no history of HIV associated conditions. |
| 512 | A dose-finding study of once-daily indinavir/ritonavir plus combivir in HIV-infected patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:172 (abstract no. 512) Mallolas J, Blanco JL, Sarasa M, Giner V, Martinez E, Garcia-Viejo MA, Arnaiz JA, Cruceta A, Soy D, Tuset M, Codina C, Pumarola T, Carne X, Gatell JM; Hosp. Clin., Barcelona, Spain. Background: Strategies for treatment of HIV need to combine potency, safety and convenient dosing. However, regimens including once-daily protease inhibitors are not yet available. We have performed a pilot study to find an IND/RTV regimen for once-daily dosing, monitoring plasma levels. Methods: Antiretroviral-naïve H |
| 513 | Durable HIV suppression and tolerability with efavirenz (EFV) + indinavir (IDV): results at 132 weeks (study 003-cohort IV). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:172 (abstract no. 513) Riddlers Au Kahn J, Martin G, Drusano G, Godofsky E, Havlir D, Ploughman LM, Manion DJ, Ruiz NM; Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA. Background: Efavirenz (EFV), in combination with PIs or NRTIs, has demonstrated significant, durable clinical efficacy in suppressing viral loads. Methods: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind study conducted in 101 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients. 59 patients were randomized to EFV (200 mg/day) + IDV (800 |
| 514 | 24-week results of the antiviral activity, safety, and tolerability of emivirine (EMV, coactinon) + stavudine (d4T, zerit) + didanosine (ddI, videx) in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (MKC-302). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:173 (abstract no. 514) Raffi F, Arasteh K, Gathiram V, Wood R, McIntyre J, Zeier M, van den Berg M, Bell B, Quinn J, Miralles D, Moxham CP, Rousseau FS; CHU de Nantes/Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France. EMV is a potent NNRTI with convenient BID dosing that has been well tolerated in clinical trials. This study examined the antiviral activity, safety, and tolerability of EMV in combination with d4T and ddI. 123 patients with HIV-1 were randomized (1:1) to receive EMV (750 mg BID) or placebo (PLC) in combination with d4 |
| 515 | ABT-378/ritonavir (ABT-378/r) in antiretroviral naïve HIV+ patients: 72 weeks. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:173 (abstract no. 515) Gulick R, King M, Brun S, Real K, Murphy R, Hicks C, Eron J, Thommes J, Thompson M, White C, Benson C, Albrecht M, Kessler H, Hsu A, Bertz R, Kempf D, Sun E, Japour A; Cornell Univ., New York. Background: ABT-378/r is a novel HIV protease inhibitor with a trough plasma concentration (Cmin)/EC50 ratio for wild type HIV averaging at least 30, providing a pharmacologic barrier to the emergence of viral resistance. Currently available protease inhibitors exhibit modest Cmin/EC50 ratios, ranging from 1-4. Methods |
| 516 | Sex differences in the selection of thymidine analog regimen therapy trials (START I and START II). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:173 (abstract no. 516) Squires K, Gulick R, Pavia A, Eron J, Murphy R, Mauney J, Dale E; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham. Background: The START trials randomized 409 ART naïve patients(331 men,78 women) with CD4 counts > or = 200/mm3 and HIV-1 RNA > or = 5-10K copies/mL to stavudine ( d4T )/lamivudine( 3TC )(n=101) |
| 517 | Factors predictive of durable HIV suppression in randomized double-blind trial with nevaripine (NVP), zidovudine (ZDV), and lamivudine (3TC) in treatment-naïve (ARV-n) patients with advanced AIDS. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:173 (abstract no. 517) Pollard R; Univ. of Texas Med. Branch, Galveston. Background: In a 2256 patient international study of NVP versus placebo (PL), plasma specimens were evaluated for viral response. Methods: Plasmas from the first 154 ARV-n patients (74 NVP and 80 PL) who used ZDV and 3TC as their only background drugs were assayed using the Amplicor ultrasensitive assay (limit of detec |
| 518 | A pilot study of FTC + ddI + efavirenz in treatment-naïve HIV-infected adult: a potent and convenient once-a-day HAART (ANRS 091 Trial). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:173 (abstract no. 518) Molina JM, Ferchal F, Rancinan C, Raffi F, Rozenbaum W, Sereni D, Morlat P, Journot V, Decazes JM, Chene G; Hosp. of Paris, France. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of a once-a-day HAART regimen combining emtricitabine (FTC), didanosine (ddI) and efavirenz (EFV) in antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 infected patients. Design : A 24-week open-label pilot study in 40 antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 |
| 519 | Meta-analysis of efficacy of triple combination therapy in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:173 (abstract no. 519) Bartlett J, Demasi R, Quinn J, Moxham C, Rousseau F; Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Although numerous clinical trials comparing the efficacy of triple combination therapy have been conducted, to date there has been no synthesis of the results across similarly designed clinical trials. To estimate antiviral efficacy and assess its variability across different drug classes, we performed a systematic ove |
| 520 | Estimates of length of treatment required to suppress plasma viremia below 50 copies/mL in HIV-1-infected adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:174 (abstract no. 520) Rizzardi GP, de Boer RJ, Hoover S, Bart PA, Chapuis A, Halkic N, Staszewsky S, Perrin L, Fox C, Lange JM, Lazzarin A, Pantaleo G; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. The characterization of the factors that predict the time of response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the determination of the estimates of duration of treatment required to attain a virologic response in HIV-1-infected adults might be valuable in the clinical management of HIV infection. Some 118 t |
| 521 | Early versus late initiation of indinavir (IDV) in combination with zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) in HIV-1-infected adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:174 (abstract no. 521) Meibohm A, Alexander J JR, Robertson M, Isaacs R, Mehrotra D, Leavitt R, Chodakewitz J; Merck Res. Labs., Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA. Objective: To compare the effects of early vs. late initiation of therapy with IDV/ZDV/ 3TC in HIV infected adults enrolled in four studies spanning the range of disease severity from acute infection to advanced disease. Methods: The proportions of patients with serum HIV RNA suppression and mean CD4 cell count increas |
| 522 | Start HAART early (CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 or later? Evidence for greater effectiveness if started early. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:174 (abstract no. 522) Moore R, Keruly J, Bartlett J, Chaisson R; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Background: Current guidelines support starting highly active antiretroviral therapy early (e.g., CD4 = 500 cells/mm3). However, the comparative effectiveness of HAART started early vs. later is not well-established. We assessed the evidence for the effectiveness of HAART started at different CD4 levels by analyzing da |
| 523 | When should we start? Use of Markov modeling and decision analysis to evaluate the long-term implications of antitretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:174 (abstract no. 523) Tebas P, Henry K, Nease R, Murphy R, Phair J, Powderly WG; Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Background: The timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is controversial. Current guidelines are heavily based on the principle of hit early, hit hard , although the long-term implications of this approach are unknown. Methods: Using Markov modeling and decision analysis we modeled the virologic outcomes o |
| 524 | HIV-NAT 001.1: randomized, open-label study comparing d4T/ddI/saquinavir-SGC vs. Combivir(R)/saquinavir-SGC in a ZDV/ddC-pretreated Thai population. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:174 (abstract no. 524) Kroon E, Ungsedhapand C, Chuenyam M, Worarien W, Khongphattanayothin M, Ubolyam S, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P, Lange J, Cooper D; Thai Red Cross AIDS Res. Ctr., Bangkok. A prior study evaluated ZDV/ ddC in half vs. standard dose for 48 wks. in 111 ARV naïve Thai HIV+ participants, mostly infected with HIV-1 subtype E. After 48 wks, of 99 participants remaining on study 52% reached HIV-1 RNA |
| 525 | Continued lamivudine (3TC) vs. delavirdine (DLV) in combination with indinavir (IDV) and zidovudine (ZDV) or stavudine (d4T) in 3TC-experienced patients: 48-week follow-up of ACTG 370. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 525) Kuritzkes DR, Bassett RL, Johnson VA, Marschner IC, Eron JJ, Wood K, Sommadossi JP, Pettinelli CB; Univ. of Colorado Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Denver. Sixty-three patients who had received combination NRTI therapy with d4T or ddI plus 3TC and had plasma HIV-1 RNA >500 copies/mL were randomized to ZDV/3TC/IDV vs ZDV/DLV/IDV. Primary analysis at week 20/24 (intention-to-treat, missing=failure) suggested a trend in f |
| 526 | Indinavir (IDV), nevirapine (NVP), stavudine (d4T) and lamivudine (3TC) for amprenavir (APV)-experienced subjects-ACTG 373. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 526) Gulick RM, Smeaton L, D'Aquila RT, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Degruttola V, Gerber JG, Sommadossi JP, Tung R, Kuritzkes DR, Murphy RL; Cornell Univ., New York. Background: The optimal sequencing of protease inhibitor-containing regimens is not clear. Objectives: To describe the safety, toxicity and virologic activity of a four drug antiretroviral regimen in protease inhibitor-experienced subjects. Design: Prospective, open-label study of HIV+, APV-experienced subjects who cha |
| 527 | Ritonavir/saquinavir versus ritonavir/saquinavir/stavudine in HIV-1-infected individuals during 48 weeks: the effect of treatment intensification. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 527) Gisolf EH, Jurriaans S, Pelgrom J, van Wanzeele F, van der Ende ME, Brinkman K, Borst MJ, de Wolf F, Sun E, Japour A, Danner SA; Acad. Med. Ctr., Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ritonavir (RTV)/ saquinavir (SQV) and RTV/SQV/ stavudine ( d4T ) |
| 528 | Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 60 mg and 120 mg in combination regimens for PI-naïve patients. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 528) Gallant J, Naeger L, Beal J, Myers R, Peterson D, Bruce J, Peschell K, Margot N, Balagtas A, Coleman R, Toole J, Miller M, Coakley D; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Objective To assess the safety and antiviral activity of ADV 120 mg or 60 mg in combination with NRTIs (ZDV, 3TC , d4T ) and PIs (SQVsgc, NFV) Methods: 214 NRTI-experienced, PI-naïve, HIV+ patients with HIV RNA > or = 5,000 c/ml and CD4+ cells >100/ mm3 received ADV 1 |
| 529 | Randomized trial of abacavir (ABC) in combination with indinavir (IDV) and efavirenz (EFV) in HIV-infected patients (pts) with nucleoside analog experience (NRTI Exp). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 529) Squires K, Hammer S, Degruttola V, Fischl M, Bettendorf D, Demeter L, Morse G; NIAID-Sponsored AIDS Clin. Trials Group, Bethesda, MD. Limited data are available to guide optimal therapeutic strategies for NRTI exp pts. ACTG 368, a roll over study of ACTG 320, was factorially designed to compare: 1) ABC vs ABC placebo (plac) and 2) q12 vs standard q8h dosing regimens of IDV and EFV. 283 PI, NNRTI-naïve pts with CD4 cell counts (cts) |
| 530 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 530) |
| 531 | ACTC 364- nelfinavir (NFV) and/or efavirenz (EFV) in combination with new NRTIs in nucleoside experienced subjects (Subj): week 48 ultrasensitive (US) HIV RNA results. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:175 (abstract no. 531) Albrecht M, Katzenstein D, Bosch R, Liou S, Hammer S; NIAID Sponsored AIDS Clin. Trials Group, Bethesda, MD. Background: Optimal 2nd line treatment (Rx) for multiple NRTI exposed individuals with viral rebound is not yet defined. ACTG 364 evaluated whether new NRTIs combined with NFV and/or EFV would effectively suppress viral load (VL) in extensively NRTI treated subj. Design: Randomized, phase II, partially blind trial for |
| 532 | ABT-378/ritonavir (ABT-378/r) suppresses HIV RNA to <400 copies/ml in 84% of PI-experienced patients at 48 weeks. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 532) Deeks S, Brun S, Xu Y, Real K, Benson C, Kessler H, Murphy R, Wheeler D, Hicks C, Eron J, Feinberg J, Gulick R, Sax P, Stryker R, Riddler S, Thompson M, King M, Potthoff A, Hsu A, Bertz R, Molla A, Mo H, Kempf D, Japour A, Sun E; Univ. of California, San Francisco. Background: ABT-378/r is a novel HIV protease inhibitor with a trough plasma concentration (Cmin)/EC50 ratio for wild type HIV averaging less than or greater than 30, providing a pharmacologic barrier to the emergence of viral resistance and a potential treatment for resistant virus. Currently available |
| 533 | Three-year follow-up and conditional outcomes survival analysis of ritonavir (RTV) plus saquinavir (SQV) therapy in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 533) Cameron DW, Xu Y, Rode R, Cohen C, Mellors J, Farthing C, Poretz D, Markowitz M, Ho D, McMahon D, Drennan D, Hill L, Sun E, Japour A; Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL. Introduction: Survival analysis can illustrate cumulative rates of serial outcomes in a simple and clinically relevant manner, which may enhance the descriptive utility of multi-year studies of antiretroviral therapies. Objective: To illustrate the long-term tolerability, safety, activity and secondary responses to RTV |
| 534 | Ritonavir intensification in indinavir recipients with detectable HIV RNA levels. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 534) Shulman N, Zolopa A, Havlir D, Gallant J, Race E, Lam W, Hill L, Japour A, Kempf D, Sun E, Hsu A; Abbott Labs., IL. Background: RTV improves IDV pharmacokinetics (PK), mainly by increasing IDV trough levels and permitting BID dosing without fasting. Adding RTV to patients with detectable viremia on IDV regimens may also enhance antiretroviral potency and viral suppression even in patients with reduced IDV susceptibility. Objective: |
| 535 | Potent antiviral activity using delavirdine and reduced-dose indinavir combination therapies: a 48-week analysis. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 535) Eron J, McKinley G, Lecrerq P, Nieto L, Wathen L, Pietrantoni C, Greenwald C, Conklin M, Paxton L, Freimuth W; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Introduction: A unique feature of Delavirdine (DLV) is the ability to raise plasma levels of all approved protease inhibitors (PIs). A clinical study of DLV in combination with reduced doses of indinavir (IDV) was |
| 536 | Multidrug rescue therapy (MDRT) in two cohorts of HIV+ individuals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 536) Montaner JS, Harrigan R, Raboud J, Jahnke N, Hogg RS, Yip B, O'Shaughnessy MB; BC Ctr. for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. Objective: To characterize the antiviral response to MDRT among heavily pre-treated individuals. Methods: Patients referred for assessment due to treatment failure with prior ARV experience were offered MDRT. Regimens included up to 9 drugs: up to 4 nucleosides, 2 protease inhibitors , 2 NNRTIs, with or without hydr |
| 537 | Abstract Not Available Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 537) |
| 538 | Risks and benefits of replacing protease inhibitors by nevirapine in patients with long-term successful triple combinations. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:176 (abstract no. 538) Barreiro P, Soriano V, Blanco F, Casimiro C, Cruz J, Glez-Lahoz J; Inst. Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. A total of 138 HIV+ subjects being under a PI-containing triple combination and having 6 months were randomly assigned to replace their PI with NVP (n=104) or continue on their treatment (n=34). In an intent-to-treat analysis, 11% of subjects who switched to NVP showed a viral load rebound at 6 months, whereas it occur |
| 539 | Virological response to a second-line protease inhibitor (PI) regimen: laboratory markers and choice of treatment. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:177 (abstract no. 539) Mocroft A, Phillips AN, Miller V, Gatell J, van Lunzen J, Lazzarin A, Lundgren JD; Royal Free Ctr. for HIV Med., UK. Introduction: Studies of patients on second line regimens tend to be based on small series of patients and the factors associated with virological response are poorly understood. Aim: To investigate factors associated with virological response (viral load (VL) |
| 540 | Phase I trial of the infusion of autologous CD3CD28-costimulated CD4 cells in HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:177 (abstract no. 540) Bernstein W, Levine B, Aronson N, Cotte J, Humphries M, Birx D, June C; Walter Reed Army Inst. of Res., Rockville, MD. The primary objective of this trial was to test the safety and feasibility of the administration of autologous ex vivo CD3CD28 costimulated CD4 cells with concurrent antiretroviral therapy. Seven men and one woman with HIV infection, CD4 counts >200, stable viral loads, and willingness to take antiretroviral therapy we |
| 541 | Adoptively transferred HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes traffic to lymph nodes and localize in sites of HIV replication, granzyme-B expression, and cell death. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:177 (abstract no. 541) Brodie SJ, Patterson BK, Lewinsohn DA, de la Rosa C, Greenberg PD, Riddell SR, Corey L; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. An essential component of adoptive transfer studies in which gene-modified cells are administered to patients is to evaluate the persistence of these cells in vivo and to define their distribution and function within tissues. We developed several methods to track the in vivo migration and examine in vivo correlates of |
| 542 | Antiretroviral activity and tolerability of PEG-interferon alpha-2b in patients on stable background therapy: results of a phase I/II study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:177 (abstract no. 542) Reynes J, Rouzier-Panis R, Laughlin M, Baillat V, Kanouni T, Garaud JJ; Gui de Chauliac Univ. Hosp., Montpellier, France. PEG-Intron (SCH 54031) is a derivative of interferon alpha-2b recombinant with a molecule of polyethylene glycol 12000 attached. A multiple dose trial was initiated to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PEG-Intron in HIV-1 infected adults on suboptimal antiretroviral therapy. 30 patie |
| 543 | ILSTIM (ANRS 082)-a randomized comparative open-label study of interleukin (IL2) in patients with CD4 <200/mm3 despite effective HAART. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:177 (abstract no. 543) Katlama C, Duvivier C, Chouquet C, Autran B, Carcelain G, de Sa M, Zagury L, Cotagliola D, Tubiana R; Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Objective: To evaluate immunological efficacy, tolerance and safety of scIL2 in patients with persistent low CD4 cells ( 6 months HAART were randomized to receive sc IL2 4.5 MIU bid in 4 cycles of 5 days every 6 weeks (W) up to W24 in addition to their prior HAART (IL2 group) or to maintain HAART a |
| 544 | Aggressive HAART + IL-2 is unable to induce HIV remission in early-stage disease after 18 months. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:178 (abstract no. 544) Lafeuillade A, Poggi C, Chollet L, Beauvais L, Ngo Van P, Dohin E, Hitinger G, Chadapaud S, Carreno S, Profizi N; Gen. Hosp., Toulon, France. Objective: Recent studies have suggested that combining HAART + IL-2 could lead potentially infectious HIV below detectable levels, raising the possibility of viral remission after stopping therapy. To test this hypothesis, we have measured the effects in different compartments of a 5-drug combination + 3 courses of IL |
| 545 | Effect of HAART and immune-based strategies in HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-naïve adults. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:178 (abstract no. 545) Rizzardi GP, Chapuis A, Tambussi G, Bart PA, Halkic N, Meuwly JI, Chave JP, Meylan P, Hirt C, Moss R, McDade H, Spreen W, Lazzarin A, Pantaleo G; CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. To evaluate the activity and safety of highly active antiviral therapy (HAART) and immune-based strategies in therapy-naïve HIV-1-infected adults with baseline CD4 count or = 5000 copies/ml. Abacavir (NRTI), amprenavir |
| 546 | Effect of T-cell activation under HAART on the long-lived reservoir of HIV-infected quiescent CD4+ T cells: implications for treatment, homeostasis, and pathogenesis in HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:178 (abstract no. 546) Fraser C, Ferguson NM, Ghani AC, Lange J, Goudsmit J, Anderson RM, de Wolf F; Wellcome Trust Ctr. for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Oxford, UK. The persistence of HIV-1 in long-lived T-cell reservoirs presents a major challenge to the long-term therapeutic management of patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). It has been suggested that treatment involving T-cell activating agents may reduce the size of this reservoir. We present a critical a |
| 547 | Induction and elimination of latent HIV via T-cell activation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:178 (abstract no. 547) Wong J, Billingsley J, Wang Z, Liu Z, Qiu L, Kalams S, Walker B; Massachusetts Gen. Hosp., Boston. Activating latent virus to replicate and lyse the infected cells while preventng new infections with HAART represent a promising method of eliminating latent infection. The best activating agent(s) has not been established. We compared the capacity of IL2(100U/ml), 12F6 (ant-CD3 mAb)+IL2, and CD3,8 (anti-CD3:anti-CD8) |
| 548 | Inhibition of drug-resistant HIV-1 by genetic antivirals. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:178 (abstract no. 548) Inouye RT, Yuan B, Hammer SM; Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., Boston, MA. Purpose: The emergence of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 highlights the need to examine new treatment modalities. This study examines in an in vitro cell culture model, the potential role for genetic antivirals alone and in combination with pharmacological therapy as a strategy for inhibiting drug-resistant HIV-1 and as a p |
| 549 | A novel retrovirus-based transducing vector that transduces CD34+ enriched leukocytes. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:178 (abstract no. 549) Liu D, Ng J, Ho J, Wu Q, Nuovo G, Wren E, Cowan M, Conant M, Thalenfeld B, Engelhardt D; Enzo Therapeutics, Inc., Farmingdale, NY. A retrovirus-based transducing vector and producing cell line have been developed. This vector, HGTV43 is made up of modified Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus LTR s and three U1 genes in their entirety each containing a genetic antisense sequence nested within the RNA coding portion of the gene. The three genetic antisens |
| 550 | Genetically engineered C-type retroviral vectors derived from spleen necrosis virus (SNV) capable of infecting quiescent cells. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:179 (abstract no. 550) Parveen Z, Krupetzki A, Engelstadter M, Cichutek K, Pomerantz RJ, Dornburg R; Ctr. for Human Virology, Philadelphia, PA. All C-type retroviruses investigated can only integrate their genome into that of the target cell when the nuclear membrane of the infected cell is dissolved during mitosis. Thus, the application of retroviral vectors derived from C-type retroviruses for human gene therapy is limited to introducing genes into dividing |
| 551 | Efficient gene transfer to hematopoietic progenitor cells using SV40-derived vectors. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:179 (abstract no. 551) Bouhamdan M, Strayer DS, Rosenzweig M, Yurasov S, Andre R, Johnson RP, Goldstein H, Pomerantz RJ; Ctr. for Human Virology, Philadelphia, PA. Hematopoietic progenitor cells are attractive candidates for gene therapy. We used recombinant SV40 (rSV40)-derived vectors to deliver transgenes to human and simian hematopoietic progenitor cells in culture and in vivo after transduction. rSV40 vectors are stable to manipulation, can be made to high titer, and infect |
| 552 | Intervention with quadruple HAART [Combivir (COM)/Abacavir (ABC)/Amprenavir (APV)] intervention during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) is associated with rapid viremia clearance and decrease of immune activation. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:179 (abstract no. 552) Cooper D, Perrin L, Kinloch S, Janossy G, Gazzard B, Phillips A, Hoen B, Girard PM, Modai J, Lindback S, Lazzarin A, Bloch M, Baker D, Finlayson R, Tsoukas C, Staszewski S, Yerly S, Vernazza P, Dale B, Goh L; St. Vincent's Hosp., Sydney, Australia. Objective: QUEST, a multicentric HIV eradication study aims to control viremia below detection or to modify its set point after HAART interruption. PHI subjects with |
| 553 | Slower HIV decline after highly suppressive antiretroviral therapy of primary infection as compared with chronic infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:179 (abstract no. 553) Putter H, Prins J, Ferguson N, Jurriaans S, Roos M, van Praag R, Fraser C, Ghani A, Schuitemaker H, Anderson R, Goudsmit J, Lange J, de Wolf F; Acad. Med. Ctr., Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Background & Objective: Nowadays antiretroviral therapy is started as early as possible to prevent damaging effects of HIV on the immune system as much as possible. We studied the efficacy of highly suppressive antiretroviral treatment of primary infection as compared to chronic infection. Methods: Five patients st |
| 554 | Impact of HAART on virus load and anti-HIV-1 antibody in acute HIV-1 infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:180 (abstract no. 554) Rawal BD, Hecht FM, Kahn JO, Chesney MA, Rosenberg ES, Busch MP; Blood Ctrs. of the Pacific, Irwin Ctr., San Francisco, CA. Background: HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (HAART) successfully suppress HIV load (VL) to undetectable levels but retain anti-HIV antibody as detected by standard EIA. We measured plasma VL by PCR & anti-HIV antibody by low sensitive 3A11 LS-EIA (JAMA.1998,280:42) in entry & sequential plasma sa |
| 555 | Treatment of primary HIV-1 infection with the combination of zidovudine/lamivudine plus nelfinavir and randomized to immediate or deferred IL-2. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:180 (abstract no. 555) Kahn JO, Hecht F, Swanson M, Chesney M, Grant R, Busch M, McGrath M, Lay C, Herndier B, Oksenberg J, Rosenberg E, Walker B, Levy JA; Univ. of California, San Francisco. Background: Treatment with fully anti-HIV suppressive therapies and augmented by immune modulatory agents may provide unique opportunities to control viral replication and enhance immune control mechanisms. Methods: Thus far we have enrolled 18 patients (15 men and 3 women) into a randomized controlled study for patien |
| 556 | In subjects with primay HIV infection, high levels of HIV RNA are present in oral fluids, genital secretions, peripheral blood, and CNS and are rapidly reduced with combination antiretroviral therapy. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:180 (abstract no. 556) Pilcher CD, Shugars DC, Fiscus SA, Menezes P, Freel SA, Giner J, Dean B, Eron JJ Jr, Lennox JL, Hicks CB; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Sch. of Med. Introduction: Both genital secretions and saliva are likely to be vehicles for sexual transmission of HIV-1. Primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) may confer increased risk of sexual transmission. We measured HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma (BP), saliva, seminal plasma (SP), cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), and/or CSF in 14 subjects wit |
| 557 | Two-year decay characteristics of PBMC-associated and tonsilar HIV RNA and DNA in acutely HIV-infected patients treated with NFV, ddI, d4T and HU. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:180 (abstract no. 557) Fischer M, Flepp M, Joos B, Friedl A, Sax H, Kuster H, Opravil M, Ott P, Schnittmann S, Vandermeulen K, Gervasoni P, Weber R, Cone R, Gunthard H; Univ. Hosp., Zurich, Switzerland. Objectives: To determine whether kinetics of cellular and tonsilar HIV RNA and proviral DNA differ between patients [pt] when started on potent ART during acute or chronic HIV infection. Methods: 8 pt [gp 1] with acute ( |
| 558 | Viral load rebound upon discontinuation of d4T + ddI + NVP with or without hydroxyurea (HU) during primary HIV infection (PHI). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:180 (abstract no. 558) Zala C, Salomon H, Gun A, Raboud J, Pampuro S, Perez H, Cahn P, Montaner JS; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Objectives: To assess the effect of treatment interruption after > or = 48 weeks of d4T +ddI+NVP+/-HU initiated during PHI. Methods: Eligible patients were those previously enrolled in a pilot, randomized, comparative study of the effects of d4T+ddI+NVP+/-HU in PHI. After 48 weeks of therapy patients were offered treat |
| 559 | Treatment of primary HIV infection with ddI, d4T, nevirapine, and hydroxyurea-a pilot study. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:180 (abstract no. 559) Hicks C, Eron J, Lennox J, Pilcher C, Fiscus S, Ottinger J, Baydo R, Shugars D, Giner J, Menezes P, Dean B; Duke Univ. Med. Ctr., Durham, NC. The treatment of primary HIV infection (PHI) usually involves combination antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor (PI). Adherence to such regimens may be difficult for PHI patients, and the use of PIs may be associated with significant long-term toxicity. We investigated the efficacy of a PI-sparing regim |
| 560 | Immunologic characterization of a cohort with primary HIV infection treated with a hydroxyurea-containing non-PI antiretroviral regimen. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:181 (abstract no. 560) Demarest J, Staats H, Kelly M, Ottinger J, Edmundson V, Mathieson J, Fiscus S, Pilcher CD, Lennox J, Eron JJ JR, Hicks CB; Duke Univ. Med. Ctr., Durham, NC. Protease inhibitor (PI)-based combination anti-retroviral therapy (ART) during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) has been shown to preserve certain HIV-specific immune responses and may impact clinical course of disease. We examined the impact of a non-PI ART including d4T , ddI, NVP, and hydroxyurea ( |
| 561 | Comparison of cell-associated HIV-1 DNA and RNA in triple-drug-treated versus untreated persons with primary HIV-1: evidence for persistent viral reservoirs. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:181 (abstract no. 561) Brodie SJ, Berrey MM, Patterson BK, Zhu T, Diem K, Wood BL, Krieger JN, Corey L; Univ. of Washington, Seattle. Although potent drug combinations can suppress plasma HIV-1 RNA to levels below detection, virus replication persists in most individuals when measured within the cell. Thus, we examined the effect of early and sustained combination antiretroviral therapy (ZDV + LMV + IND) on cell-associated virus in during acute HIV-1 |
| 562 | Screening and diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency virus infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:181 (abstract no. 562) Daar ES, Little SJ, Pitt JA, Santangelo J, Ho P, Harawa N, Kerndt P, Giorgi JV, Bai J, Gaut P, Richman DD, Mandel S, Nichols S; Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA. Background: Despite substantial interest in studying subjects with PHI, no studies have defined the optimal approach to identifying these subjects. Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with recent exposure to potentially HIV-infected individuals were screened for PHI. HIV risk factors and symptoms were record |
| 563 | Characterization of HIV-1 isolates from acute retroviral syndrome. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:181 (abstract no. 563) Suzuki Y, Takeuchi H, Daar ES, Yamamoto N, Koyanagi Y; Tohoku Univ. Sch. of Med., Sendai, Japan. Acute retroviral syndrome is observed at the stage of disease when HIV-1 first disseminates throughout the body of newly infected individuals. It has been shown by HIV-1 sequencing analysis of PCR products from blood samples that the HIV-1 population is relatively homogeneous during the acute retroviral syndrome. Virol |
| 564 | Increased seminal shedding of HIV during primary infection augments the need for earlier diagnosis and prevention. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:182 (abstract no. 564) Vernazza P, Perrin L, Vora S, Cooper D, Bloch M, Finlayson R, Baker D, Gazzard B, Kinloch S, Tyrer M, Gaines H, Staszewski S, Clumeck N, Tambussi G, Goh L; St. Gallen, Switzerland. Objective: To estimate HIV infectiousness during primary HIV infection (PHI) and to evaluate the effect of treatment on genital shedding of HIV. Method: From the QUEST study, baseline (bl) semen and follow-up samples obtained within the first month or after one year of HAART (CBV/ABV/APV) were available from 31, 19 and |
| 565 | The genotypic basis of moderately reduced susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs in primary HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:182 (abstract no. 565) Precious HM, Little SJ, Wong JK, Whitcomb J, Hellmann N, Petropoulos CJ, Richman DD, Leigh Brown AJ; Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland. Amino acid (aa) sequences of the RT and PR domains were analyzed from 43 antiretroviral-naïve subjects with primary HIV infection for whom baseline plasma samples were either fully susceptible or showed moderately reduced susceptibility to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) or |
| 566 | Lack of baseline variability of antivirogram phenotyic assay for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:182 (abstract no. 566) Wegner S, Barile A, Stephan K, Hawkes C, Dehertogh P, Garner R, Larder B, Hertogs K; US Military HIV Res. Program, Rockville, MD. Recent reports have shown a high prevalence of decreased susceptibility to NNRTI in newly infected, treatment-naïve individuals. This decrease in susceptibility was modest, in the 5-10 fold range when compared with reference laboratory strains. In the absence of recognized NNRTI resistance mutations, it has been sugges |
| 567 | Transmission of dual and triple-class drug-resistant viral variants in primary/early HIV-1 infection (PHI) in Montreal. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:182 (abstract no. 567) Routy JP, Brenner B, Salomon H, Quan Y, Campos AF, Rouleau D, Lefebvre E, Cote P, Leblanc R, Tsoukas C, Conway B, Sekaly R, Wainberg MA; McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of dual and triple class resistance to protease (PR), non-(NNRT) and nucleoside (NRT) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors in patients with primary/early HIV-1 infection in Montreal, Canada . Methods: Plasma and PBMCs from 87 patients from the Montreal PHI cohort from 1997 to 1999 |
| 568 | HIV postexposure prophylaxis: efficacy of HAART in nonhuman primate model. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:182 (abstract no. 568) Roques P, Le Grand R, Vaslin B, Thiebot H, Larghero J, Neildez O, Boson B, Sellier P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Clayette P, Dormont D; Service de Neurovirologie, Fontenay aux Roses, France. Infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or related chimeras (SHIV), represent powerful tools for the evaluation of anti-HIV therapeutic approaches. Objectives: To evaluate, in the model of macaques infected with the pathogenic SHIV expressing the envelope gene of the HIV-1 89.6 primary isolate (S |
| 569 | CCR5 heterozygosity is associated with preserved HIV-specific cellular immune responses in recent seroconverters. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:182 (abstract no. 569) Connick E, Schlichtemeier R, Purner M, Schneider K, Mawhinney S, Campbell T, Kuritzkes D, Douglas J, Judson F, Schooley R; Univ. of Colorado Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Denver. HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was assayed in 15 prospectively identified untreated HIV seroconverters within the first 6 months of seroconversion. 51Cr release assays for env-, gag-, pol-, or nef-specific CTL activity using 14 day antigen-stimulated PBMC cultures revealed that all subjects responde |
| 570 | Association of the CCR5delta32 mutation with improved response to antiretroviral therapy commenced in primary HIV infection. Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect 2000 Jan 30-Feb 2; 7:183 (abstract no. 570) Workman C, W |