Table of Contents - 6th IAC 1990

Molecular analysis of HIV-1 tat and HTLV-I tax: mechanisms of trans-activation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:322 (abstract no. 1033); Jeang KT, Berkhout B, Gatignol A, Semmes O; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast the mechanism(s) of action of HIV-1 Tat and HTLV-I Tax. METHODS: Transient transfection assays based upon the detection of reporter gene expression. RESULTS: We have found that trans-activation of the HIV-1 LTR depends upon a TAR RNA structure and also upon upstream DNA sequences in U
Human chromosome 12 supports elevated HIV-1 and HIV-2 trans-activation but not HTLV-I and -II trans-activation in human-hamster hybrid cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:322 (abstract no. 1034); Hart C, Galphin J, Westhafer M, Ou CY, Schochetman G; HIV/AIDS Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; OBJECTIVES: To determine if human chromosome 12 in human-hamster hybrid cells supports elevated HIV-2 tat- and HTLV-I or -II tax-directed trans-activation. METHODS: Human lymphocyte-Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrids with a defined human chromosome content were cotransfected with a plasmid DNA containing a CAT gene dri
Mechanism of HIV-1 assembly - role of GAG myristoylation and ENV synthesis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:322 (abstract no. 1035); Ratner L, Vander Heyden N, Bryant M; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; OBJECTIVE: To define the roles of GAG myristoylation and ENV synthesis in HIV-1 particle assembly. METHODS: Viral stocks were derived from molecular clones with an alteration of the N-terminal myristoyl-acceptor amino acid of GAG, or with in-frame or frame-shift deletions in the first conserved domain of the SU envelop
Identification of inhibitory sequences within the HIV-1 genome.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:323 (abstract no. 1036); Maldarelli F, Martin MA, Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA; OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the existence of cis-acting, negative regulatory elements on the HIV-1 genome as a prerequisite for rev gene function. METHODS: A novel, feedback-stimulated, HIV-1 reporter plasmid, pTS-7, was constructed using HIV-1 LTR-driven tat as a test gene. Portions of the HIV-1 genome were introduced i
CD4 mRNA accumulation is unaltered in HIV-1 infected monocytic cell lines depleted of cell surface CD4.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:323 (abstract no. 1037); Geleziunas R, Bour S, Boulerice F, Wainberg MA; Jewish General Hospital and McGill University AIDS Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; HIV-1 infection of cells expressing the CD4 glycoprotein generally leads to the reduction or disappearance of cell surface CD4. We have compared mechanisms of CD4 downregulation in HIV-1 infected monocytes with those in T-cells. We have analyzed both CD4 mRNA and protein levels in HIV-1 chronically infected monocytic c
Mechanism of HIV-1 induction in T-lymphocytes and monocytes by sodium butyrate: the role of the TATA box.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:323 (abstract no. 1038); Golub EI, Li G, Volsky DJ; St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center and College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), a cell-differentiating agent, on HIV-1 replication in acutely and chronically infected cells, and on transcriptional activity of HIV-1 LTR. METHODS: Effect of NaB on HIV-1 expression was tested during acute infection, in chronically infected monocytes (U1.1) and
Is the observed abnormality in the inositol polyphosphate pathway in HIV infected cells a general phenomenon in viral infection?: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:323 (abstract no. 1039); Nye KE, Pinching AJ; Department of Immunology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK; OBJECTIVE: To isolate that part(s) of the phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis pathway responsible for the aberrant metabolism of inositol polyphosphates observed in HIV infected cells (Nye & Pinching AIDS 4 (1); 41 - 45 1990). METHOD: Cells, either lymphocytes separated from HIV infected subjects or taken from H9 or H
Mutagenesis of protease cleavage sites of the HIV-1 gag polyprotein.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:324 (abstract no. 1040); Tritch R, Cheng YS, Viitanen P, Yin F, Erickson-Viitanen S; Medical Products Department, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA; The virally encoded protease of HIV is responsible for specific cleavage events leading to the liberation of the enzymes reverse transcriptase, and integrase, and the core proteins from the gag-pol and gag polyprotein precursors, respectively. Utilizing gag polyprotein synthesized in vitro, we have shown that this subs
Hydrolysis of insoluble polyprotein substrate with two identical cleavage sites by recombinant HIV-1 protease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:324 (abstract no. 1041); Tarasova NI, Gulnik SV, Shulenin SV, Bobkov AF, Garaev MM; Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, USSR; OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the present work was the investigation of the expression of HIV-encoded protease in E.coli and of enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzyme. METHODS: A hybrid plasmid pPR6 coding the HIV sequence from Asp-5 to Ile-868 of the pol open reading frame has been expressed in E.coli. As a subs
Recombinant bacteria expressing at the surface gp120 epitopes of HIV 1 as live immunogens.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:324 (abstract no. 1042); Maffei L, Tattanelli M, Paini C, Hofnung M, Siccardi AG, Andronico F; Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica, Universita di Milano, Italy; OBJECTIVE: We have used the LamB exposition vector system to express, on the surface of recombinant bacteria, two HIV 1 gp120 epitopes chosen among the most probable predicted antigenic sites. We verified that the recombinant epitopes were accessible to antibodies on the surface of live bacteria and we tested them as a
Isolation and sequencing of HIV from brain and blood lymphocytes of neurologically symptomatic AIDS patients: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study of neurotropism and neuropathogenicity.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:324 (abstract no. 1043); Kunstman K, Wolinsky S, Furtado M, Levy R; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA; OBJECTIVE: To address the issues of HIV neurotropism and neuropathogenicity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to isolate and partially characterize HIV from the brains and blood lymphocytes of AIDS patients with neurologic dysfunction. METHODS: Total nucleic acid was first isolated from brain and bl
Strain-specific DNA probes and sequence determination to study the transmission and evolution of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:325 (abstract no. 1044); Luo CC, Robbins K, Moore JL, Villamarzo Y, Hosburgh CR Jr, Schochetman G, Ou CY; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the transmission and evolution of HIV-1 using strain-specific probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS: An HIV envelope segment was amplified directly from lymphocytes of infected persons by PCR. Amplified DNAs containing the V4, C3 and V5 regions were cloned and their sequences determine
Evidence for the protein synthesis directed by the HIV 1 antisense proviral DNA strand.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:325 (abstract no. 1045); Goltsov V, Blinov V, Sukhanova L, Zaitsev I; Institute for Viral Preparations, Moscow, USSR; OBJECTIVE: Determination whether the open reading frames (ORFs) of the A (antisense) HIV 1 proviral DNA strand can express proteins in vivo. METHODS: Molecular cloning for recombinant polypeptide producing, human sera screening by ELISA, computer analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences. RESULTS: There are sever
Synthesis of the HTLV-1 p24 and gp46 proteins in eukaryotic cells using a baculovirus expression vector.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:325 (abstract no. 1046); McCreedy BJ, Earle SR; Organon Teknika Corp., Durham, North Carolina, USA; OBJECTIVE: Recombinant antigens produced in moderate yield and near native form are a potential alternative to whole viral lysate in diagnostic immunoassays. We have evaluated expression of the HTLV-1 core protein (p24) and external glycoprotein (gp46) in eukaryotic cells using a baculovirus expression vector. METHODS:
High resolution structure of a HIV-1 quasispecies: identification of novel coding sequences.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:325 (abstract no. 1047); Vartanian JP, Meyerhans A, Henry M, Wain-Hobson S; Institut Pasteur Paris, France; OBJECTIVES: To characterize at the structural and functional levels a HIV-1 quasispecies in vivo a high resolution (1%) in order to appreciate the genetic organization of HIV. METHODS: The first exon of tat was amplified by PCR from HIV-1 proviral DNA derived from fresh PBMC of a CDC stage IV patient. The products were
Intramuscular injection of an expression vector containing the gene for HIV gp 120 induces antibodies to the gp 120 protein.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:326 (abstract no. 1048); Rhodes G, Felgner P, Wolff J, Haigwood N; Vical Inc., San Diego, California, USA; It has recently been demonstrated that the injection of DNA containing reporter genes into mouse muscle results in the expression of substantial amounts of the protein encoded by the gene [J. Wolf et al., Science, in press]. We have investigated the usefulness of this technique for immunization. We employed a construct
Characteristics of gp160 EIA antibody response of adults to a fourth dose of rgp160 vaccine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:326 (abstract no. 1049); Ellerbeck E, Viscidi R, Midthun K, Clements ML, Smith G; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland USA; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the gp160 antibody response of healthy adults participating in a multi-centered phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of baculovirus-expressed gp160 (rgp160) of HIV-1 (VaxSyn HIV-1, MicroGeneSys, Inc.). METHODS: HIV-seronegative volunteers were vaccinated at 0, 1, 6, and 18 months with 40 o
Novel muramyl tripeptide (MTP-PE) adjuvant formulations for enhancement of immunity to recombinant HIV-1 gp120 envelope antigens.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:326 (abstract no. 1050); Van Nest G, Barchfeld G, Haigwood N, Ott G, Wentworth P, Steimer K; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop adjuvant formulations suitable for human vaccine use that surpass alum in their ability to enhance immunity to HIV-1 subunit immunogens. METHODS: A series of adjuvant formulations consisting of MTP-PE in metabolizable oil emulsions have been compared to conventional adjuvants such as alum and Freu
HIV-1 rgp160-specific cellular immune responses by recipients of a live vaccinia-rgp160 vaccine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:326 (abstract no. 1051); Keefer MC, Bonnez W, Roberts NJ Jr, Lambert J, Dolin R, Reichman R; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; OBJECTIVES: To characterize cellular immune responses to a live, vaccinia-rgp160 vaccine in healthy, low-risk, seronegative volunteers. METHODS: As part of the NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network, we enrolled 5 vaccinia-naive subjects in a phase I, randomized, escalating dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled tr
Neutralization assays for the evaluation of potential anti-HIV reagents: a study in design, development and interpretation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:327 (abstract no. 1052); Whalley AS, Nguyen ML, Morrow WJ; IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp., La Jolla, California, USA; In the development of anti-HIV reagents, it is necessary to test in vitro their anti-viral effects. These assessments are generally made by the utilization of virus neutralization assays. A myriad of such assays is currently being used by researchers, with no universally accepted standard. We are testing several system
An epitope map for HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:327 (abstract no. 1053); Detrick B, Bradac J, Schultz AM, Koff WC, Mathieson BL; Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Md. USA; A highly efficacious HIV vaccine will almost certainly require multiple HIV viral components and/or strains to stimulate selected immune responses. One approach to this problem is to identify the sequence of amino acids and/or protein conformations which elicit immune responses that protect the host. Peptide epitope ma
Phase I study of HGP-30, an HIV p17 synthetic peptide analogue sub-unit vaccine in humans.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:327 (abstract no. 1054); Stambuk D, Vallerich M, Youle M, Rios A, Naylor P, Sarin P, Goldstein A, Gazzard B; St. Stephen's/Westminster Hospital, London, England; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate toxicity and safety of administration to humans of HGP-30 vaccine and their antibody response. METHODS: Nineteen Western Blot HIV negative male volunteers were injected intramuscularly with escalating doses (10, 25, 50ug/kg body weight) of a synthetic peptide HGP-30 coupled to Keyhole Limpet Hemo
Cytotoxic responses in mice immunized with SIVMAC251 vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:327 (abstract no. 1055); Rappocciolo G, Maltos DL, Johnson PR, Chanh TC; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the SIV-specific cytotoxic response in mice immunized with recombinant VV expressing SIV envelope protein or internal core gag protein. METHOD: BALB/c mice were inoculated intravenously with VV recombinants and boosted 3 times at 2 wk. intervals. Cytotoxicity was performed using syngenic P815 or all
Idiotype based strategies for controlling HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:328 (abstract no. 1056); Kennedy RC; Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA; OBJECTIVES: To assess various idiotype (Id) based strategies for modulating the in vivo immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and develop Id based active immunotherapy schemes. METHOD: The methods utilize three specific approaches for assessing Id based strategies. The first utilizes immunization with m
Immune responses of HIV-infected chimpanzees to a candidate HIV vaccine and development of standardized cellular reagents.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:328 (abstract no. 1057); Cote PJ, Smith G, Baseler M, Satterfield W, Purcell R, Gerin J, Fernie B; Georgetown University DMVI, Rockville, Md., USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the immune response of HIV-infected chimpanzees to a recombinant gp160 vaccine (VAXSYN(R), MicroGeneSys, Inc.) and to develop standardized cellular reagents with gp160-specific reactivity. METHODS: Two chimpanzees (Nos. 800 and 814) previously infected with a Zairian isolate (Z34) of HIV and with se
Evaluation of carriers and adjuvants in development of next-generation p17-based synthetic peptide AIDS vaccine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:328 (abstract no. 1058); Kirkley JE, Naylor PH, Sztein MB, Sarin PS, Pietrobon PJ, Goldstein AL, Holternan D, Rosenberg E, Lee CH; The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA; OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of alternative carriers and adjuvants for synthetic peptide vaccines based on the candidate HGP-30 peptide. METHODS: Balb/c mice were injected with HGP-30 conjugated to alternative carriers (tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DIP), bovine serum albumin (BSA), Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH))
Integration of HIV-I CD4-binding region in different sites of p55 core protein as a possible vaccine candidate.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:328 (abstract no. 1059); Fliessbach H, Wagner R, Deby G, Modrow S, von Brunn A, Wolf H; Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Munchen, FRG; OBJECTIVE: Conventional strategies for HIV vaccine development based on a vaccine against the membrane protein gp120/160 seemed not to be successful. Furthermore immunisation with gp120/160 resulted in the formation of enhancing antibodies. The p55 gag protein of HIV-I should be an appropriate candidate for a HIV-I vac
Specific binding of vaccinia recombinant-derived HIV-1 gp 160 to CD4(+) cell lines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:329 (abstract no. 1060); Kistner O, Barrett N, Mitterer A, Dorner F; Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria; OBJECTIVE: We have developed a method for large-scale production and purification of gp 160 from recombinant vaccinia virus-infected Vero cells. This protein has been shown to be able to elicit T-cell proliferative responses and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in animals. In this study we have analyzed the abili
Serum antibody responses following administration of a fourth dose of HIV-1 recombinant gp-160 vaccine to normal volunteers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:329 (abstract no. 1061); Dolin R, Graham B, Greenberg S, Tacket C, Belshe R, Clements ML, Fernie B, Stablein D, Smith G, Lawrence D, et al; NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunogenicity of a fourth dose of an HIV envelope glycoprotein (rgp 160) vaccine in normal volunteers. METHODS: Either 40ug or 80ug of a recombinant HIV-1 glycoprotein (rgp160) prepared in a baculovirus vector (MicroGene Sys), was administered as a fourth dose of vaccine to 24 normal subjects,
Novel phosphate pro-drugs of AZT.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:329 (abstract no. 1062); McGuigan C, Devine KG, O'Connor TJ, Kinchington D; Dept. Chemistry, University College London, London, UK; OBJECTIVE: Phosphate triester derivatives of 3 -Azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) have been investigated as anti-HIV agents. METHODS: Phosphate triesters have been synthesised by phosphoramidate methodologies, have been fully characterised, and have been tested against HIV-1 in a lymphoblastoid cell line.
Inhibition of HTLV-I viral production by two plant compounds, baicalein and extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:330 (abstract no. 1064); Baylor NW, Tao F, Ruscetti F; BCDP, PRI, NCI-FCRF, Frederick, MD. USA; OBJECTIVE: The effects of 2 plant compounds, baicalein (5,6,7 trihydroxyflavone) and a purified aqueous extract of Phyllanthus urinaria, on their ability to inhibit the production of HTLV-I in chronically infected cells were examined. Antiviral activity of both compounds has been previously reported (Ono, K. et. al., 1
gp120-induced retardation of behavioral development in neonatal rats: prevention by peptide T.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:330 (abstract no. 1065); Hill JM, Brenneman DE; Peptide Design L.P., Germantown, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: In vitro studies with murine hippocampal cultures have indicated that purified HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, induced significant neuronal cell death which was prevented by peptide T, D-Ala peptide T amide (Brenneman et al., Nature 335,639, 1988; Drug Dev. Res. 15,361,1988). The purpose of the present stu
Effect of mode of azidothymidine (AZT) administration at early stages of retroviral friend virus infection in mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:330 (abstract no. 1066); Sinet M, Desforges B, Launay O, Sun F, Colin JN, Pocidalo JJ; INSERM U13, Hopital Claude Bernard, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To examine several doses, modes and routes of AZT administration for their ability to prevent dissemination of Friend virus inoculated in vivo. METHODS: Viral infection of DBA2 mice was performed by retro-orbital inoculation of Friend leukemia virus complex at different titers (ranging between 20 and 500 foc
HIV-I-induced expression of P-glycoprotein.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:330 (abstract no. 1067); Gupta S, Tsuruo T, Gollapudi S; University of California, Irvine, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: The expression of a 170 kD molecule, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is associated with decreased plasma membrane potentials and rapid drug efflux resulting in acquired multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Therefore, in this investigation, we examined whether HIV induces an over expression of P-gp that would be
Targeting of antiviral agents to the central nervous system: synthesis, stability and bioactivation of prodrugs of phosphonates.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:331 (abstract no. 1068); Mitchell A, Nicholls D, Freeman S, Irwin WJ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; OBJECTIVE: To design a stable lipophilic prodrug of phosphonates which will cross the blood-CNS barrier. The potential of the p-substituted benzyl group to confer both lipophilicity and susceptibility to bioactivation with concomitant release of antiviral agent was investigated with phosphonoformate (PF). METHODS: A se
Inhibition of HIV infectivity and cytopathogenicity in vitro by Aspergillus terreus toxins.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:331 (abstract no. 1069); Biglino A, Pugliese A, Vidotto V, Forno B, Pollono A, Ceruti A; Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of ether- extracted Aspergillus terreus toxins on HIV infectivity and cytopathogenicity in vitro. These toxins are well-known inhibitors of DNA synthesis. METHODS: MT-4 cells (E. De Clercq, Leuven) were either infected with HIV (final titre: 50 CCID50/ml) from supernatant of H9/III-B c
The selectivity of phosphonate analogues of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates towards reverse transcriptases.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:331 (abstract no. 1070); Krayevsky AA, Tarussova NB, Rosovskaya TA, Atrazheva ED; The V.A. Engelhart Institute of Molecular Biology USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR; OBJECTIVE: The terminator and substrate properties of AzT, dT and 2 ,3 -O-isopropylidene cytidine (IpC) 5 -triphosphate analogues modified in different position of phosphorus containing chain have been studied. METHODS: The compounds were synthesized by the reaction of AzT and dT 5 -phosphate morpholidates as well as o
Evaluation of pre- and post-infection azidothymidine (AZT) therapy in feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infected cats.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:331 (abstract no. 1071); Mathes LE, Polas PJ, Hayes KA, Johnson S, Rojko JL, Kociba GJ; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; OBJECTIVES: To determine the antiviral efficacy of AZT in FeLV infected cats for treatments initiated at various times after virus challenge. METHODS: Cats were administered 60 mg/kg/day AZT by continuous infusion for a period of 4 wks beginning at 48 hr before and 24, 48, and 96 hr after FeLV challenge.
Protective activity of tetracycline analogs against the cytopathic effect of the human immunodeficiency viruses in cultures and role of possible cofactors.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:332 (abstract no. 1072); Lemaitre M, Guetard D, Blanchard A, Henin Y, Montagnier L, Zerial A; Rhone-Poulenc SANTE, CRVA, Vitry/Seine, France; OBJECTIVE: We have analysed the activity of several tetracycline analogues on HIV-infected cells. METHODS: We have tested these compounds as HIV replication inhibitors in CEM clone 13 cells and in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). We have measured the reduction of cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by HIV-1 (LAV-b
Effects of trichosanthin (compound Q) and alpha-momorcharin on cultured tumor cell lines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:332 (abstract no. 1073); Tsao SW, NG TB, Yeung HW; Department of Anatomy; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; OBJECTIVE: To test trichosanthin and alpha-momorcharin for cytotoxic activity in choriocarcinoma, melanoma and hepatoma cells in vitro. METHODS: The human choriocarcinoma cell line (JAr) mouse melanoma cell line (B16) and rat hepatoma cell line (H35) monolayers in Dulbecco s modified Eagle s medicine. Cells in their ex
The effects of sulfonic acid-related compounds on the cytopathicity of HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:332 (abstract no. 1074); Clanton DJ, Weislow O, McMahon J, Schultz R, Narayanan V, Bader J, Boyd M; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; The AIDS antiviral screening program of the National Cancer Institute has tested 12,000 compounds acquired from various sources worldwide (a description of this program will be reviewed). In the course of this screening, many compounds with sulfonic acid groups were found to be active. Sulfonic acid compounds exhibitin
Comparison of various drugs effect on HIV reproduction on primary and chronically infected cell lines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:332 (abstract no. 1075); Pokrovsky A, Plyasunova O, Yastrebova O, Chaplygina S; All-Union Research Institute of Molecular Biology, Koltsovo, USSR; OBJECTIVE: Two stage scheme of anti-HIV drugs screening is proposed. The first stage is performed on primary infected cells (line MT-4 or peripheral blood mononuclear cells). For the second stage assay a cell line chronically infected by HIV-1 and contained provirus is used. METHODS: The level of HIV reproduction was e
Parameters of HIV inactivation by disinfectants.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:333 (abstract no. 1076); Busnel RG, Aranda-Anzaldo A, Viza D, Hutchinson SA; Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: Comparative study of HIV inactivation by Triton x-100, Benzalkonium chloride, Nonoxynol-9, alcohol, or sodium hypochlorite in relation to time of incubation and viral concentration. METHODS: Various concentrations of HIV were incubated anywhere from 30 to 10 with various dilutions of the different compounds
Effect of some physical and chemical treatments on reactivity of serum to HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:333 (abstract no. 1077); dos Santos JI, Galvao-Castro B; Advance Laboratory of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of some physical and chemical manipulations employed for storage and preservation of serum samples, on the HIV reactivity. METHODS: The sera (10 positive and 5 negative) were subjected to the following procedures: heating at 56 degrees C during one hour; freeze-thawing; freeze-drying;
Evidence for immune dysfunction in cats with experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:333 (abstract no. 1078); Barlough JE, George JW, Levy N, Acevedo R, Moore P, Rideout B, Pedersen NC; University of California, Davis, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was first recovered from cats in California with an AIDS-like illness. Subsequent investigation has shown that FIV infection is associated with an initial, transient illness, an intervening latent period measured in years, and a secondary AIDS-like disease, all of which re
Sperm as cofactor of murine AIDS (MAIDS).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:333 (abstract no. 1079); Bentwich Z, Meshorer A, Rubinstein J, Weisman Z; R. Ben Ari Institute of Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Hospital, Hebrew University Medical School, Rehovot, Israel; OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sperm on induction and course of murine AIDS (MAIDS). METHODS: Disease was induced by viruses obtained from cell line LP-BM5-Scl in male C57BL/6J, B10A, ATL and ATH strains. Allogeneic sperm cells (1-3 x 10(7)) were injected intravenously and intrarectally prior to and following the vi
Defining the early events of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:334 (abstract no. 1080); Alter HJ, Allain JP, Eichberg J; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To generate large volumes of plasma/lymphocytes in early phase of HIV infection and to compare sensitivity of standard and new assays. METHODS: A chimp was inoculated with 38 TCID50 (10 CID50) HTLV-IIIB and apheresed 1-2 times per week. Serial samples were tested for anti-HIV by licensed EIA & Western bl
Antibody-dependent, complement-mediated enhancement of HIV infection (C'-ADE) in a human, EBV-transformed B-cell line.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:334 (abstract no. 1081); Gras G, Dormont D; Commissariata l'Energie Atomique and Centre de Recherches du Service de Sante Arm/aees, Fontenay aux Roses, France; OBJECTIVE: To define if B-cells expressing complement receptors may be targets for HIV infection mediated by antibody-dependent, complement-mediated enhancement of HIV infection (C ADE). METHODS: Cells: An EBV-transformed B-cell line, established from cord blood (kindly provided by D. Lefrancois, Institut Curie, Paris,
Response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV seropositive patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:334 (abstract no. 1082); Ramirez V, Garcia S, Romero J, Jover J; Servicio Regional de Salud. Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid. Spain.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response to Hepatitis B vaccination in HIV seropositive patients. METHODS: Ninety-one individuals negative for Hepatitis B virus markers (HBsAg, HBcAc, HBsAc) were recruited from patients attending a sexual transmission disease clinic. They were divided into 2 groups: 40 HIV seropositive and
Antibody response to an immunodominant epitope of the HIV-1 specific out protein: correlation of antibody titres to clinical stages.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:334 (abstract no. 1083); Schneider T, Hildebrandt P, Ronspeck W, Schauzu M, Weigelt W, Pauli G; AIDS-Zentrum am Bundesgesundheitsamt, Berlin, FRG; A peptide scan based on overlapping decapeptides of the out sequences of two HIV-1 strains (HXB2, ELI) was used to identify an immunodominant epitope. An average of 21% of HIV-1 antibody positive sera obtained from individuals in different stages of the disease reacted with peptides corresponding to the C-terminal amin
Elispot assay for clonal analyses of HIV-1 specific mucosal and circulating B cell repertoires in primates.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:335 (abstract no. 1084); Eriksson K, Nordstrom I, Larsson L, Kilander A, Nordkrans G, Hagberg C, Vahlne A, Jeanson S, Holmgren J, Czerkinsky C; University of Goteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: To document, in functional terms, the dynamics of B cell activation at mucosal and extramucosal sites in the HIV compromised host. METHODS: Pilot experiments were performed in immunized macaques to establish the feasibility of a method, the ELISPOT test, for detection of HIV-1 specific B cells. Next, we are
Development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using native envelope glycoprotein (gp160) for the detection of HIV antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:335 (abstract no. 1085); Nair BC, Ford G, Kalyanaraman V, Zafari M, Fang C, Gallo R, Sarngadharan M; Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of purified native envelope antigen in HIV serodiagnosis. METHODS: An EIA was developed using purified native gp160. This system was compared for its sensitivity and specificity with EIAs that use viral lysate and recombinant proteins as antigens. RESULTS: The gp160 assay was deter
Identification of T cell antigenic epitopes of HIV by proliferative responses to synthetic peptides of the env glycoproteins.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:335 (abstract no. 1086); Spina CA, Terry L, Rosen J, McCutchan JA, Richman DD; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, Ca., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if defined peptides of HIV-1 can be recognized as antigenic epitopes in assays of cell proliferation for T(H) cell response. METHODS: Synthetic peptide oligomers (15-mers) based on the deduced amino acid sequence of gp41 and gp120 were tested for the ability to induce a specific proliferative re
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to HIV in homosexual men with known duration of infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:335 (abstract no. 1087); Rinaldo CR, Torpey DJ 3d, Faruki H, Liebmann J; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against major HIV antigens in homosexual men with timed duration of infection. METHODS: Blood mononuclear cells were obtained from homosexual men in the Pittsburgh portion of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who had known times of seroconversion to HIV. The ce
Glutathione regulates CD4 and CD8 expression in murine splenic lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:336 (abstract no. 1088); Liang CM, Lian SM, Henry S, Epstein JS; Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of glutathione (GSH) on expression of murine CD4 and CD8 in splenic lymphocytes, as a model system. METHODS: Murine splenic lymphocytes were cultured in vitro for 48-72 h with or without GSH or with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of de novo GSH synthesis, and then trea
Early immune activation events after HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:336 (abstract no. 1089); Melmed R, Fahey JL, Taylor JM, Detels R, Hofmann B, Rinaldo C, Saah A, Huprikar J, Munoz A, Kaslow RA, et al; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Los Angeles, CA., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and scope of changes in beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) and neopterin (immune activation markers) following seroconversion and to relate these findings to subsequent changes in CD4 T cells and AIDS occurrence. METHODS: B2M and neopterin were measured serially by RIA in the serum of 123
Serum soluble CD8 molecule is a marker of immune activation and HIV pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:336 (abstract no. 1090); Nishanian P, Hofmann B, Liao D, Detels R, Fahey JL; UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health, L.A., California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assay serum sCD8 levels and evaluate their significance in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: A sensitive and specific quantitative ELISA was developed to measure soluble CD8 in sera, using anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies and the biotin-avidin system (Becton-Dickinson). RESULTS: The level of serum sCD8 was
The diminished erythrocyte-CR1 activity of progressive HIV infection is associated with chronic complement consumption and cytokine release.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:336 (abstract no. 1091); Lange M, Senderowicz A, Mohan V, B-Klein E, Inada Y; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the decreasing E-CR1 binding activity associated with progressive HIV infection is accompanied by increased consumption of alternate pathway(AP) and terminal complement cascade (TCC) as well as cytokine production. METHODS: E-CR1 direct Coombs for IgG & C3, complement split products (CS
The human env-like protein is an MHC class I molecule.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:337 (abstract no. 1093); Siccardi AG, Grassi F, Lanza P, De Santis C, Pelagi M, Beretta A; Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze mediche, Universita di Milano, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To determine the relevance of the human env-like protein (HELP) in HIV infection. HELP is a 45kDa activation protein of monocytes and lymphocytes defined by two monoclonal antibodies (M38 and L31) obtained from a mouse immunized with HIV. M38 (but not L31) immunoprecipitates HIV 1 gp120, inhibits macrophage
Infection of CD4 negative epithelia in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:337 (abstract no. 1094); Phillips DM, Bourinbaiar AS; The Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA; OBJECTIVE: HIV can be transmitted either by direct exposure to infected blood or through indirect exposure across epithelial barrier as it occurs in cases of milk-borne transmission, intrauterine exposure during pregnancy, and also as result of sexual contact. However, the mechanism of HIV infection through intact epit
The neuropathogenic potential of HIV-1 isolates in CNS organotypic cultures.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:337 (abstract no. 1095); Lyman WD, Hatch WC, Tricoche M, Kress Y, Chiu FC, Rashbaum WK, Soeiro R; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) can be detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The association of HIV-1 with CNS lesions has led to the belief that HIV-1 is neurotropic and neurovirulent. However, the precise role of HIV-1 i
Re-expression of CD4 and autoantibody-reactive antigen on AIDS patients' T lymphocytes after trypsin treatment.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:338 (abstract no. 1096); Small C, Calvelli T, Muck P, Golodner M, Rubinstein A; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether autoreactive antigen on AIDS patients T cells can regenerate after trypsin treatment to remove bound autoantibody or HIV protein(s). METHODS: Nylon-wool purified T cells from adult AIDS patients were exposed to 0.25% trypsin. Surface antigens were regenerated in the absence of HIV by inc
Human immunodeficiency virus replicates selectively in human monoclonal CD4+ lymphocytes subpopulations.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:338 (abstract no. 1097); Chapel A, Bensussan A, Bourge JF, Vilmer E, Dormont D; CRSSA CEA DPS/SPE 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France; OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate viral entrance of HIV1 into susceptible cells, we performed a screening of human monoclonal CD4+ lymphocytes susceptibility to HIV. METHODS: 12 human CD4+ clones have been characterized and tested regarding their susceptibility to two HIV1 strains. Viral replication was sequentially s
Titer affinity parameter: a new blood marker for monitoring individuals with HIV disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:338 (abstract no. 1098); Urnovitz HB, Haight V, Schooley RT, Flynn T, Conant MA, Gottfried TD; Calypte Biomedical Corp., Berkeley, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the humoral response to both HIV-1 core and envelope proteins as a prognostic marker in HIV-1 disease. METHOD: A quantitative assay, Fine Titer Analysis (FTA), has been developed to determine more precisely the HIV-1 core and envelope antibody responses. FTA is based on a recombinant core and env
Detection of HIV-1-infected cells by nonisotopic in situ hybridization.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:338 (abstract no. 1099); Pingel S, Werchau H, Schmidt E, Richter EO; University of Bochum, Bochum, FRG; OBJECTIVE: A method of nonisotopic in situ hybridization has been developed to detect and localize HIV-1-specific nucleic acid sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with asymptomatic infection, the AIDS-related complex (ARC) or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METH
Detection of HIV-1 DNA by PCR using structural and regulatory genes on blood samples from seronegative high risk patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:339 (abstract no. 1100); Dawood MR, Allan R, Stackiw W, Conway B, Bechtel LJ, Hirsch MS, Hammond G; Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; OBJECTIVES: To study the use of oligonucleotide primers from gag, pol, and vif genes for the detection of HIV-1 DNA in blood samples from seronegative high risk patients. METHODS: DNA was extracted from PBLs collected from 10 seronegative staff without risk factor for HIV-1 infections, 38 high risk seronegative patient
Regulation of viral entry and syncytia formation in HIV-1 infected T-cell subclones by TNF alpha.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:339 (abstract no. 1101); Gruber M, Hewlett I, Simms T, Vujcic L, Manischewitz J, Golding H; FDA, CBER, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study viral entry and HIV-1 induced cell fusion in subclones of CEM T cells treated with TNF alpha. METHODS: CD4 positive subclones differing in CD4 expression and in HIV-1 infectibility were studied. CD4 surface density was determined by cytofluorometry. Viral entry was measured by appearance of proviral
Differential kinetics of HIV-1 replication in U-937 clonal derivatives: a model for latency in cells of monocytoid origin.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:339 (abstract no. 1102); Boulerice F, Geleziunas R, Lvovich A, Wainberg MA; Jewish General Hospital and McGill University AIDS Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; In this study, single cell clones were obtained from the U-937 cell line by limiting dilution. These cells were studied for their susceptibility to HIV infection. We found that two clones (UC12, UC18) could easily support HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication compared with parental U-937 while another clone (UC11) showed baselin
Influence of acylation inhibitors on the infectivity of HIV-1 in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:339 (abstract no. 1103); Saermark T, Kleinschmidt A, Erfle V; The Protein Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, DK; OBJECTIVE: Influence of acylation inhibitors (like cerulenin and myristic acid analogues) on the release of infectious virus particles. METHODS: Infected cells were incubated with the acylation inhibitors in various concentrations for 24-48 hours. Virus release was demonstrated by incubation of the supernatant with HIV
Comparative neuropathology of human (HIV) and simian (SIV) immunodeficiency virus infections in man and macaque monkeys.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:340 (abstract no. 1104); Ribas JL, Kanzer MD, McClure HM, Anderson DW; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare type and general distribution of lesions in human and macaque monkey central nervous system (CNS) infected with HIV and SIV, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CNS tissues from experimental macaque monkeys, which were chronically infected with SIV/SMM or acutely infected with a lethal variant SI
Tissue-specific activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) by morphine in transgenic mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:340 (abstract no. 1105); Prakash O, Mukherjee PK, Wang TY, Mondal D, Coleman R; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the cofactors in the in vivo induction of HIV expression. METHODS: We have generated 4 strains of transgenic mice from founder animals carrying the HIV-1 LTR fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. CAT activities (percent conversion of 14C-chloramphenicol i
Interleukin-1-mediated stimulation of transforming growth factor beta in astrocytes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:340 (abstract no. 1106); da Cunha A, Fauci AS, Vitkovic L; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is induced by HIV-1 in monocytes and is proliferative for astrocytes. Since IL-1 is also elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AIDS patients we investigated its effect on astrocytic production of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), a potent chemoattractant for monocytes. METHOD
HIV neutralizing and enhancing antibody responses to MicroGeneSys rgp160 vaccine in humans.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:340 (abstract no. 1107); Montefiori DC, Graham B, Robinson WE Jr, Wright P; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess functional immune responses to a fourth administration of an HIV-1 gp160 vaccine in normal volunteers. METHODS: In a multicenter randomized, double-blind study, healthy adult volunteers received 40 ug or 80 ug of a baculovirus-derived, recombinant HIV-1 gp160 (rgp160) vaccine (MicroGeneSys) on days
Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in seropositive patients at different stages of disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:341 (abstract no. 1108); VedBrat SS, Pierce P, Hellman KB; Braton Biotech Inc., Rockville, Md., USA; OBJECTIVE: Medical devices coming in contact with body fluids during routine patient care may be vectors of HIV transmission. To assess this risk, it is important to determine HIV levels in body fluids of seropositive individuals. HIV levels were quantified in blood samples from 90 seropositive individuals at different
HIV-1-infectivity bioassay.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:341 (abstract no. 1109); Pichler CE, Bettens F, Pichler WJ, Felber BK, Schwartz S, Pavlakis GN, de Weck AL; Institute for Clinical Immunology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; OBJECTIVES: Short time bioassay to monitor HIV-1 virus infectivity in low numbers (less than 10(6)) of PBMC. METHODS: 10(6) PBMC of HIV-1 infected individuals were stimulated with the anti-CD3 MoAb BMAO30 F(ab)2 fragment crosslinked to the anti-CD4 MoAb (Clonab T4),(=dual antibody stimulation). Thereby selective stimul
Antiserum against papilloma-virus antigen reacts with intranuclear particles in keratinocytes of oral hairy leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:341 (abstract no. 1110); Rabanus JP, Greenspan D, Petersen V, Greenspan JS; University of California, School of Dentistry, Oral AIDS Center, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: The observation that a rabbit antiserum against common papilloma-virus (PV) antigen reacts with the nuclei of keratinocytes in oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) has been difficult to reconcile with data showing heavy infection with EBV but no other evidence for PV. The objective of this study was to locate the bin
In vitro proliferation of selectively stimulated HIV-1 infected T cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:341 (abstract no. 1111); Pichler WJ, Bettens F, Pichler CE, de Weck AL; Institute for Clinical Immunology, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland; OBJECTIVES: Selective proliferation of HIV-1 infected T cell subsets of HIV-1 infected individuals to a) expand HIV-infected cells without separation techniques and b) study regulation of HIV-1 replication in cell culture. METHODS: PBMC of HIV-1 infected individuals were stimulated with the anti-CD3 MoAb BMAO30 F(ab)2
Generation of T cell lines and antibodies to a peptide from a putative immunosuppressive region of HIV-1 gp41.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:342 (abstract no. 1112); Voss G, Nick S, Frank R, Hunsmann G; Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Gottingen, FRG; OBJECTIVE: The aminoterminal region of HIV-1 glycoprotein (gp) 41 is known to contain immunogenic epitopes as well as immunosuppressive domains which may be important during natural infection with HIV-1. Using a synthetic peptide homologous to a part of the immunosuppressive region we raised antibodies and established
Phenotypic characterization of LAK cell function in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:342 (abstract no. 1113); Gryllis C, Gornitsky M, Wainberg MA, Brenner B; Lady Davis Institute - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: LAK activity of AIDS patient and healthy control populations is contrasted using HIV-infected and -uninfected cell lines. The phenotype of subsets mediating LAK cell function at the precursor, effector, and regulatory level is identified. METHODS: AIDS patients included HIV-seropositive individuals with seco
IgG subclass-specific antibody responses to HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:342 (abstract no. 1114); Ochs H, Pyun K, Wu Y, Collier A, Coombs R; University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA; OBJECTIVES: To determine HIV-specific IgG subclass antibody distribution in sera from asymptomatic or symptomatic HIV seropositive individuals. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from asyptomatic ELISA seropositive individuals (CDC Class II), from patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, CDC Class
Serological evaluation of recombinant antigens from all HIV-1 reading frames.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:342 (abstract no. 1115); Vornhagen R, Pichler W, Franke M, Baur A, Wolf H, Sonneborn HH; BIOTEST AG, Research Dept., Offenbach, West Germany; OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the antibody response against the different structural and regulative viral proteins during seroconversion and at different stages of HIV-infection. METHODS: DNA fragments of all HIV-1 reading frames have been cloned and expressed in E. coli. Bacterial lysates of selected clones have been evalu
Characterization of the biological properties of the acid-labile interferon alpha from AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:343 (abstract no. 1116); Der S, Read SE, Lau AS; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; IFNs are naturally occurring proteins with potent antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. High levels of an unusual acid-labile interferon (IFN) alpha present in AIDS sera have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AIDS. We are interested to determine the biological properties of the acid-labile IFN-alpha as an ini
Antibodies against neurotransmitter receptors in HIV infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:343 (abstract no. 1117); de Bracco MM, Sterin-Borda L, Borda E; IIHEMA-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; OBJECTIVES: In this report, we describe the occurrence of antibodies in HIV infected individuals, that can mimic the effect of cholinergic agonists. METHODS: Sera from 5 AIDS patients, and from 14 HIV+ and 15 HIV- hemophilic patients were assayed for their effect on heart contractility. Spontaneously beating rat atria
AIDS antiviral activity of oxathiin benzoic acid ester (NSC 615985).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:343 (abstract no. 1118); Midelfort F, Schultz R, Narayanan V, McMahon J, Bader J, Boyd M, Pierce J, Harrison A, Jewell G; National Cancer Institute, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Bethesda, MD, USA; The National Cancer Institute s Developmental Therapeutics Program is engaged in large-scale screening of diverse chemical structures for anti-HIV activity. A compound with hitherto unknown antiviral activity was submitted by the Uniroyal Chemical Co. It produced total inhibition of cell killing of CEM cells by HIV III
Selective inhibition of the growth of HIV-1 infected cells by a ribosome-inactivating protein (bryodin).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:343 (abstract no. 1119); Wachinger M, Samtleben R, Festl H, Wagner H, Erfle V; GSF-Abteilung fur molekulare Zellpathologie, D-8042 Neuherberg, Germany; OBJECTIVE: Effect of bryodin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the roots of Bryonia dioica (Cucurbitaceae), on the growth of HIV-1 infected and uninfected T lymphoma cells and on HIV production in vitro. MATERIALS & METHODS: KE37/1 cells, uninfected and persistently infected with HTLV-IIIB; LC5 cells; MTT test
Mechanism of HIV inhibition by two distinct sulphated polysaccharides.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:344 (abstract no. 1120); McClure M, Weber JN, Cook GM, Keynes R, Davies D, Weiss RA; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; OBJECTIVE: Investigation of the anti-viral effect and mode of action of two sulphated polysaccharides. METHODS: TCID50 of HIV and VSV(HIV) was titrated by a variety of methods (RT, p24, MTT, syncytia, plaque assay) after reaction of virus or cells with fucoidan and polysaccharide X. The effect of the drugs on T-cell pr
CD4-immunoglobulin fusion proteins with effector function on HIV and HIV-infected cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:344 (abstract no. 1121); Zettlmeissl G, Gregersen JP, Langner KD, Niedrig M, Gelderblom H, Seed B; Research Laboratories of Behringwerke AG, Marburg, FRG; Various chimeric antibody-like molecules were constructed containing different domains of the extracellular part of the HIV receptor CD4 coupled to the constant region (Fc) of the human IgG1 immunoglobulin. The CD4-Fc fusion proteins were expressed in BHK cells, purified by affinity chromatography on Protein A-Sepharos
Mapping idiotopic and antigenic recognition sites on monoclonal anti-CD4 preparations.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:344 (abstract no. 1122); Attanasio R, Dilley D, Kanda P, Kennedy RC; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas USA; OBJECTIVE: To identify idiotopic (Id) and CD4 antigenic recognition sites on mouse monoclonal anti-CD4 reagents that inhibit HIV-1 and/or SIV infectivity in vitro. METHODS: Synthetic peptides corresponding to the second and third complementarity determining regions (CDR) of the heavy (H) chain of anti-Leu3a were utiliz
Effects of hydrocortisone (HC) and dexamethasone (DEX) on steady-state levels of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 mRNA in T-lymphoid cell lines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:344 (abstract no. 1123); Soudeyns H, Geleziunas R, Hiscott J, Shyamala G, Wainberg MA; Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVES: To investigate the modulation of HIV-1 production and HIV-1-specific message accumulation by HC and DEX in cultured cell lines. METHODS: HIV-1 production was quantitated by ELISA and RT assays. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were obtained by measuring specific binding of 3H-dexamethasone to cell extrac
Primary cytotoxicity against the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1: evidence for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity directed against highly conserved epitopes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:345 (abstract no. 1124); Riviere Y, Cordonnier A, Tanneau F, Emerman M, McChesney M, Montagnier L; Unite d'Oncologie Virale, URA CNRS 1157, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; OBJECTIVE: To further characterize HIV env B cell epitopes involved in the recognition of env expressing target cells by ADCC effectors isolated from peripheral blood of HIV seropositive subjects. METHODS: Autologous EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cells were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the compl
Reduced IgA in saliva from patients with AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:345 (abstract no. 1125); Muller F, Froland SS, Brandtzaeg P; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; OBJECTIVE: To study secretory immunity in different clinical stages of HIV infection using parotid IgA and IgM as a model system. METHODS: Stimulated parotid saliva from patients with AIDS, HIV infection of CDC (Centers for Disease Control) stage II/III, and controls were assayed for total IgA, IgA1, IgA2, and IgM by E
Sequence length variation in env is lost during culture in cell lines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:345 (abstract no. 1126); Simmonds P, Balfe P, Bishop JO, Ludlam CA, Leigh Brown AJ; Dept. of Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland; A double PCR procedure has been used to characterise segments of HIV proviral genomes amplified direct from DNA of patients peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs; Simmonds, P. et al., J.Virol. 64 (2), 1990). In two regions of env which flank the CD4 binding domain, length variation as well as nucleotide substitution is f
Specific IgE against some allergens in patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:345 (abstract no. 1127); Caselli D, De Amici M, Arico' M, Dei Cas A, Licardi G, Pozzo R; Department of Paediatric - IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - University of Pavia - Italy; OBJECTIVES: In order to evaluate the relation between HIV infection and allergic disorders, reported in adults, we studied specific IgE against inhalants or food allergens, against Candida Alb. and Staphylococcus A. in paediatric and adult HIV infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We dosed specific IgE against mix o
Biological and molecular properties of HIV isolates from children born to HIV seropositive mothers correlate with clinical outcome.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:346 (abstract no. 1128); De Rossi A, Mammano F, Pasti M, Chieco-Bianchi L; Institute of Oncology, University of Padova, Italy; OBJECTIVE: Study in short term assay cell tropism, replication rate, cytopathic effect and transactivation activity of HIV isolates from perinatally infected children, and correlate virologic properties with disease outcome. METHODS: HIV infection was diagnosed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific
Infection of normal human blood macrophages with HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:346 (abstract no. 1129); Valentin A, Albert J, Naucler A, Putkonen PO, Fenyo EM, Asjo B; Dept. Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: To compare the susceptibility of normal human blood macrophages to infection with HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV. METHODS: Macrophage cultures were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) recovered by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. PBMCs were cultured in RPMI medium containing 10% HIV-negative
Non-cytopathic infection of normal CD8+ lymphocytes concomitant with the accumulation of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:346 (abstract no. 1130); Mercure L, Phaneuf D, Wainberg MA; Jewish General Hospital and McGill University of AIDS Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: The present study was realized to determine if CD8+ lymphocytes from healthy donors can be infected by HIV-1 in vitro. METHODS: To distinguish between direct infection of CD8+ lymphocytes and cell-to-cell transmission, we have used two different protocols. In both cases, normal PBMCs were infected with the I
HIV gp160 recombinant vaccinia in vaccinia-naive adults.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:346 (abstract no. 1131); Graham B, Belshe R, Midthun K, Dolin R, Fernie B, Stablein D, Wright P, Koff W; NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia encoding the gp160 of HIV-1, LAV-1 (HIVAC-1e, Oncogen/Bristol-Myers). METHOD: In a randomized, double-blind study, HIVAC-1e is being compared with its parent vaccinia strain (Dryvax, Wyeth) in healthy, vaccinia-naive adults with no evidence of
Immunogenicity of HIV-SF2 gp120: significant broadening of virus neutralizing activity to divergent isolates following multiple immunizations.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:347 (abstract no. 1132); Haigwood N, Nara P, Brooks E, Higgins K, Eichberg J, Steimer K; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the comparative immunogenicity of two versions of recombinant gp120 from HIV-SF2 in baboons. METHODS: The HIV-SF2 env gene was engineered for the expression of native, glycosylated gp120 in mammalian cells (gp120) and denatured, nonglycosylated gp120 in yeast (env 2-3). The two proteins were used
Molecular evidence of CNS involvement in rabbits infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-I.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:347 (abstract no. 1133); Kulaga H, Truckenmiller ME, Adams A, Coggiano M, Shen Y, Kindt TJ, Wyatt RJ; NPB, NIMH, Washington, D.C., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of central nervous system (CNS) involvement following retroviral infection in the laboratory rabbit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specific pathogen free New Zealand White rabbits were infected with HIV-1, HTLV-I or both agents as previously described (JEM 1989, 169:321). At a number of time
CD8+ CD57+ suppressor T cells release a soluble suppressor factor in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:347 (abstract no. 1135); Sadat-Sowdi B, Autran B, Guillon JM, Katlama C, Mayaud C, Debre P; Lab. Immunol. Cell., Hop. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: Suppressor CD8+ CD57+ T cells (Ts) down-regulate the anti-HIV CTL responses in lungs of patients with advanced HIV disease. In this study, we have further analysed their suppressor effect on distinct cytotoxic effector cells as well as the mechanism of suppression both in alveolar and peripheral blood (PB) l
The immunotoxicity and myelotoxicity of 2'3'-dideoxydidehydrothymidine (D4T) in mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:348 (abstract no. 1136); Shopp G, Clark D, Galbreth K, Goble R, Rosenthal G; Lovelace Medical Foundation, Albuquerque, NM, USA; OBJECTIVE: The nucleoside analog, 2 ,3 -dideoxydidehydrothymidine ( d4T ), has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of HIV replication in vitro. Clinical trials are under way to determine its efficacy in human subjects. The present study was undertaken to assess the immunotoxicity and myelotoxicity in C57BL/6 and DBA/2
Impaired cellular immune responses to a purified mannoprotein antigen of candida albicans in HIV-infected subjects.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:348 (abstract no. 1137); Quinti I, Guerra E, Iannaccone C, Palma C, Aiuti F, Cassone A; University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To study the induction of cell-mediated immune responses by a purified, mannoprotein antigen of Candida albicans (MP), in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected subjects. METHODS: PBMC from 30 HIV-infected patients, subgrouped according to the clinical stage, and those from a
Fine specificity of humoral immune response to gp160 synthetic peptides narrows in HIV-1 infected individuals with decreased levels of CD4+ cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:348 (abstract no. 1138); Warren RO, Wolf H, Kanda P, Boswell RN, Kennedy RC; Dept. Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the humoral immune response to selected gp160 epitopes narrows in specificity as CD4+ cell levels decline. METHODS: Synthetic peptides corresponding to gp160 epitopes 503-528, 600-611, and 846-860 were examined. Sera from 50 HIV-1 infected individuals were screened by ELISA for peptide r
Synthetic peptides in HIV antibody screening and typing.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:348 (abstract no. 1139); Narvanen A, Korkolainen M, Lillo F, Varnier O, Vaheri A, Huhtala M; Labsystems Research Laboratories, Helsinki, Finland; OBJECTIVE: The sensitivity and cross-reactivity of synthetic peptides derived from the transmembrane proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 were tested with sera from HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals. METHODS: Peptides for typing and screening were selected from highly immunoreactive conserved regions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 trans
Acute HIV infection: clinical and serological events in seven cases.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:349 (abstract no. 1140); Soriano V, Tor J, Ribera A, Clotet B, Muga R, Ribas-Mundo M, Foz M; Hospital de Badalona "Germans Trias i Pujol", Badalona, Spain; INTRODUCTION: A broad spectrum of symptoms can be present during primary HIV infection. Serological data showed that HIV antigen was the first marker, followed by the appearance of antibodies to envelope and later to core. We evaluated accuracy of clinical data and different serological tests for recognized HIV infecti
Serum IgG oligoclonal bands are mainly HIV-1-specific.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:349 (abstract no. 1141); Amadori A, Gallo P, Zamarchi R, Veronese ML, De Rossi A, Ortolani C, Chieco-Bianchi L; Institute of Oncology, Padova, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the specificity of IgG oligoclonal bands occasionally observed in the serum of HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS: Isolelectric focusing of sera; affinity-driven transfer of focused IgG onto HIV-1-saturated cellulose membranes; adsorption of sera with HIV-1 insolubilized on CNBr-activated Sephar
Altered replacement of CD4 lymphocytes by CD8 lymphocytes early after seroconversion to HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:349 (abstract no. 1142); Margolick JB, Donnenberg AD, Munoz A, Odada N, Saah AJ; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is 1:1 replacement of lost CD4 lymphocytes with increased CD8 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected individuals. METHODS: Data from 83 men who seroconverted (SC) to HIV-1 during a prospective study of gay/bisexual men (part of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) were studied. Percentages (%) of
Extrapyramidal symptoms in medically hospitalized AIDS patients receiving neuroleptics.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:349 (abstract no. 1143); Breitbart W, Marotta R, Platt M, Corbera K, Weisman H, Dorfman D; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: Reports in the literature suggest that a significant percentage of AIDS patients with neurological complications develop spontaneous extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), and have increased incidence and severity of EPS when given dopamine-blocking neuroleptics. We have begun to study the incidence of spontaneous E
Lack of precision in the clinical diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected children in a clinical trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:350 (abstract no. 1144); Rigau-Perez JG, Mofenson LM, Cadden C; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: Severe bacterial infections are monitored as end-points in a trial of IVIG in symptomatic HIV-infected children. Because clinically diagnosed (CD) acute pneumonias (AP) were much more frequently reported than laboratory confirmed (LC) AP, we established a method to better characterize these events, and to se
1990 progress report on clinical trial phase 1 concerning the preparation a vaccine against AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:350 (abstract no. 1145); Zagury D, Picard O, Bernard J, Imbert JC, Salaun JJ, Lurhuma Z, Gallo RC; University of Paris and Institut Jean Godinot, France; In the previous annual reports (1, 2, 3) we presented the experimental results of an active immunization against HIV based on priming with recombinant vaccine (rV) expressing HIV gp160 with analogous lymphocytes infected with rV and subsequently fixed. We showed that this immunization led to an in vitro protective immu
HIV detection in seronegative men at high or medium risk for infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:350 (abstract no. 1146); Pan LZ, Royce R, Winkelstein W, Levy JA; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To detect the presence of HIV or viral DNA in HIV antibody-negative individuals who have had at least two recent unprotected sexual contacts. METHODS: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMC) from 44 seronegative homosexual men who have had recent unprotected anal receptive sexual contact were placed in
A pathogenic fragment of gp120 concentrated in HIV plasma and CSF.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:350 (abstract no. 1147); Ruff M, O'Neill B, Barbour J, Mayer K, Moon M, Huyett J, Heseltine P, Bridge P, Pert CB, Jaffe H; Peptide Design, Germantown, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To molecularly characterize the potent neurotoxic gp120-like activity previously identified in up to 50% of HIV positive (CDC1-4) CSF, and in plasma. METHODS: Plasma or CSF from CDC IV AIDS patients was subjected to FPLC size exclusion chromatography by standard methods. Fractions were bioassayed for their a
Detection of HIV-1 genome in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and relationship with clinical stage of disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:351 (abstract no. 1149); Calabro MA, Wages JM Jr, Fowler AK, Oster C, Redfield RR, Burke DS; SRA Technologies, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the PCR amplification/detection method in confirming the presence of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a function of patient stage of disease. METHODS: A whole cell lysate of patient PBMCs was used as a nucleic acid preparation for PCR amplification. To dete
HIV infection studied in human CD4 transgenic mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:351 (abstract no. 1150); Barre-Sinoussi F, Lores P, Mackay C, Boucher V, Nguyen VC, Pla M, Weill JC, Jami J; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Transfection of the HIV proviral DNA into murine fibroblasts is followed by a low viral replication, suggesting that productive HIV infection in mouse cells might be possible, when the cell-fixation/penetration step of the virion is overcome. Transgenic mice expressing the human CD4 cDNA under the control of the mouse
Serum and CSF levels of alfa-TNF in HIV-infected patients: clinical and pathophysiological implications.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:354 (abstract no. 2000); Minoli L, Bono G, Melzi d'Eril GV, Turla M, Pagani I, Grossi P; Depts. of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical relevance of alfa-TNF measurements and to investigate the role played by this substance in the pathogenesis of HIV-subacute encephalomyelopathy. METHODS: In n.30 HIV-patients (M:23; F:7, mean age: 30.2 +/- 11.09 yrs) and in n.10 healthy control subjects, age and sex-matched, serum and
Neuropsychiatric profile of HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:354 (abstract no. 2001); Carioli S, Verri AP, Barbarini G, Bono G; 3rd Dept. of Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To delineate the affective and behavioral profile of HIV infected patients in different stages of the disease by analyzing the personality traits and quantitative variables stage-related. METHODS: N. 160 HIV-infected patients (97M 63F; mean age 27,0+/-5,4 Ds) were studied; according to CDC criteria they were
Possible placebo effect in AIDS and ARC.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:354 (abstract no. 2002); Mehl LE, Chan B; University of Arizona, AZ, USA; OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of treatment with a vaccine for changing rate of disease progression in AIDS and ARC. During the course of this evaluation a possible placebo response was observed. METHODS: As part of the initial evaluation, psychosocial and lifestyle data was obtained f
Comparative study of neurological complications in 172 cases of HIV infection - 1986/87-1988/89.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:354 (abstract no. 2003); Sohler MP, Correa RB, Perez MA, Schechter M, Ramos Filho CF, Novis SA; Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To compare variations in the frequency of neurological manifestations in HIV infected patients in two study periods (1986-87 and 1988-89). METHODS: Chart review of 653 in-patients with HIV infection followed in a tertiary Hospital, in RJ, Brazil , 280 seen in the period 1986-87 and 373 in 1988-89. Charts of
First description of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) in Argentina.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:355 (abstract no. 2004); Zala C, Campestri R, Muchinik G, Bouzas MB, da Bouza J, Benetucci J; Hospital Francisco Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina; OBJECTIVE: To describe the first cases of neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-I infection in drug abusers (IVDA) with HIV 1 positive serological test in Argentina . METHODS: Two white heterosexual IVDA Argentine natives living in Buenos Aires both with HIV-1 infection, evaluated for spinal cord diseases. Ser
Paralytic poliomyelitis and HIV infection in Kinshasa, Zaire.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:355 (abstract no. 2005); Vernon A, Okwo B, Lubamba N, Miaka MB, Kashamuka M; IHPO, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of HIV infection and the associated immuno-depression increases the risk of paralytic poliomyelitis in children under the age of 15 years in Kinshasa, Zaire , an area endemic for both infections. METHODS: To ascertain cases of paralytic poliomyelitis, biweekly visits were ma
Does AIDS reduce psychiatric illness? AIDS patients compared with other medically ill HIV+ patients seen in consultation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:355 (abstract no. 2006); O'Dowd MA, McKegney FP; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare patients with different stages of HIV infection, in order to systematically examine the clinical hypothesis that AIDS patients are less emotionally distressed than patients with less severe HIV infection. METHODS: Data were gathered prospectively on all patients seen in psychiatric consultation in
Incidence of depression among 30 homosexual men with clinical AIDS, hospitalized over an 18 months period.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:355 (abstract no. 2007); Marchand-Gonod N, Edel Y, Rodriguez J, Gentilini M; Infectious Diseases Department Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; METHODS: 3 rating-scales to evaluate depressive symptoms: -- auto-evaluation , Pichot 1984; HAMD, Hamilton 1974; Ralentissement depressif , Widlocher 1983--and a semi-directive interview about the history of these in-patients, who were chosen at random. RESULTS: According to our study, it seems that: 1) depressive tend
Systematic research of pathogens in the respiratory system in HIV infected patients without respiratory symptom and normal chest X ray.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:356 (abstract no. 2008); Bouvet E, Dhiel JL, Aubier M; Hopital Bichat, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To assess how often opportunistic or other pulmonary infectious organisms were present in HIV patients free of pulmonary symptoms and with a normal chest roentgenogram. METHODS: 44 patients belonging to groups II, III and IV of CDC classification were studied (21 with AIDS). None of them complained of respir
Value of lung function tests (LFT) and nuclear medicine procedures (NMP) in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:356 (abstract no. 2009); Armbruster C, Kapfhammer G, Kohn H, Vetter N; II. Med. Dept. Pulmolog. Zentrum/Vienna/Austria; OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was the evaluation of LFT and NMP in early detection of pulmonary complications in AIDS patients. METHODS: 118 HIV-AB positive patients were examined every six weeks by LFT (VC, TLC, Raw, pa02, paC02, AaP02 on rest, DLCO) and NMP (67-Galliumscan, 99m TC-DTPA lung clearance rate) during a 27
Fiberoptic bronchoscopic diagnosis of pulmonary bacterial diseases in 243 HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:356 (abstract no. 2010); Aspa FJ, Gomez Herruz P, Padilla B, Steen B, Adrados M, Jimenez L; Department of Pneumology and Microbiology, Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. Spain; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic (FB) in the diagnosis of pulmonary bacterial disease in HIV infected patients with pneumonitis. METHODS: We realized FB in 276 episodes of pneumonitis in 243 patients (80% illicit drug abusers). We have obtained 276 bronchoscopic aspirates (BA); 270 bron
Primary HIV exanthema can resemble secondary syphilis, and can be present during a serological window phase.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:356 (abstract no. 2011); Hulsebosch HJ, Claessen FA, Goudsmit J, Lange JM; Dept. of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: To describe dermatological manifestations of primary HIV-I infection, and their relation to HIV antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) tests. METHODS: Three patients presented with an exanthema and enanthema, and a febrile illness. Skin biopsies were taken and serum was tested for syphilis, HIV-markers and other vir
Treatment of HIV associated psoriasis with etretinate. Preliminary results.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:357 (abstract no. 2012); Cusini M, Alessi E, Zerboni R, Muratori S, Mansi M, Carminati G; 1st Clinic of Dermatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the safety and the efficacy of the combined treatment with zidovudine plus etretinate for HIV associated psoriasis. METHODS: Ten (2.05%) of 438 patients seen by us with AIDS or ARC manifested psoriasis; the disease was always atypical especially because of marked exudati
Benign melanocytic nevi and AIDS: a case control study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:357 (abstract no. 2013); Poizot-Martin I, Grob JJ, Dhiver C, Gouvernet J, Bonerandi JJ, Gastaut JA; C.I.S.I.H. Hopital Salvator, Marseille, France; OBJECTIVE: Melanoma and eruptive dysplastic nevi have been recently reported in HIV patients. We studed the influence of HIV infection on moles count. METHODS: All subjects were interviewed and examined by a trained dermatologist. Nevi were counted on the whole body. Their size and the presence of nevi with clinical at
Hyperpigmentation of skin in HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:357 (abstract no. 2014); Poizot-Martin I, Gamby T, Dhiver C, Lafeuillade A, Bouabdallah R, Gastaut JA; C.I.S.I.H. Hopital Salvator, Marseille, France; OBJECTIVE: A study of increased pigmentation in the skin and its appendages is reported. METHODS: Clinical and biologic signs of adrenocortical deficiency (weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain, hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, eosinophilia, negative fluid balance) were investigated and adrenocorti
Association of non-disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma with HIV infection in Kenya.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:357 (abstract no. 2015); Owili DM, Gakuu JN; Kenya National and Teaching Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; The co-existence of Non-disseminated Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been frequently noted and this association appears to be more coincidental. Kaposi s Sarcoma is a multicentric malignant process that occurs most commonly on the lower extremities but may also involve internal organs.
Absence of AIDS and rejection in an HIV positive IV drug-user after liver transplantation (LT) without immunosuppressive treatment for 18 months.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:358 (abstract no. 2016); Coaquette A, Vanhems P, Miguet JP, Vuitton D, Al Ali KG, Gillet M; Hepatologie CHU F25030 Besancon, France; OBJECTIVE: To report a case of HIV positive patient who received an LT in October 86 and stopped taking any immunosuppressive treatment for 18 months. METHODS: Analysis of clinical and biological data over 3 years. RESULTS: A 30-years IV-drug user was admitted for an LT on day 0 (D). He presented a severe post-
Diarrhea in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:358 (abstract no. 2017); Bonfim de Lima D, Jurado da Silva E, Favoreto CA, Gomes VR, Silva OF; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; OBJECTIVE: To determine incidence and importance of intestinal pathogens in diagnosis of AIDS patients diarrhea. METHODS: Feces samples from each patient were examined by four distinct methods (Faust et al, Kato-Katz, Baermann-Moraes and Baxby et al). Stool culture was also done. After negative laboratorial investigati
Successful treatment of AIDS-associated wasting and diarrhea with a somatostatin analogue (SMS-A) despite persistent suppression of anabolic hormones.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:358 (abstract no. 2019); Malinverni R, Gisin M, Horber FF; Med. Universitatspoliklinik, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; OBJECTIVE: Diarrhea and wasting are common in AIDS. SMS-A is an experimental treatment (TTT) of diarrhea, but suppresses anabolic hormone secretion, which might preclude reversal of wasting in AIDS patients. METHODS: We treated a 35 year old homosexual male with prior PCP and refractory diarrhea with no demonstrable ca
Relative efficacy of laser versus radio-frequency ablation of anogenital condylomata.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:359 (abstract no. 2020); Geraci A, Thomas G, Lavigne J, Levy M;; OBJECTIVE: There are numerous methods employed for the treatment of anogenital warts. This study was undertaken to assess the relative efficacy of carbon dioxide laser versus radio-frequency ( electrocautery ) ablation of anal warts. METHODS: A retrospective study of the clinical records of 247 patients was done and th
Pancreatitis in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:359 (abstract no. 2021); Silva MA, Silva MC, Lima TS, Lemos O, Correa-Lima MB, Mello CE; Internal Medicine A, Hospital Universitario Gaffree-Guinle (HUGG), Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, (UNI-RIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Among 92 post-mortem examinations performed on patients with AIDS in the Hospital Universitario Gaffree-Guinle, during the period 1984-1989, 7(7.6%) had either acute or chronic pancreatitis. Six of them, or 85.7%, had acute pancreatitis (3 necrohemorrhagic, 1 due to Cryptococcus sp, 1 serous pancreatitis and 1 edematou
Gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in AIDS patients in Bahia, Brazil.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:359 (abstract no. 2022); Paes I, Mascarenha R, Varela H, Badaro R; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gastrointestinal mucosal involvement in AIDS patients with dysphagia and/or diarrhea. METHOD: A total of 34 class IV AIDS patients underwent upper tract endoscopy (18), colonoscopy (11) or both procedures (5). All patients had cinemagraphic documentation of their lesions. RESULTS: All patients wi
Helicobacter pylori isolation from symptomatic AIDS patients at endoscopy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:359 (abstract no. 2023); Wee T, Mijch AM, Dwyer B, Lucas CR; Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; AIM: To determine the incidence Helicobacter pylori isolation from upper GIT biopsy specimens in AIDS patients, and correlate this with histological findings. METHODS: Between September 1986 and November 1989, 58 of 304 patients with CDC Category IV AIDS, underwent upper endoscopy at Fairfield Hospital. Indication for
Acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with AIDS. A relatively uncommon condition associated with a reduced survival.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:360 (abstract no. 2024); Parente F, Cernuschi M, Lazzarin A, Valsecchi L, Rizzardini G, Bianchi Porro G; Departments of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, H. L. Sacco, Milan, Italy; Acute upper GI bleeding is rarely reported to complicate the clinical course of AIDS; to date, however, the exact prevalence or incidence of this condition is unknown. To determine the cumulative incidence of acute upper GI bleeding, we enrolled in a prospective cohort study 453 patients (pts) with AIDS diagnosed in ou
Efficacy of loperamide oxide in HIV-related diarrhoea.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:360 (abstract no. 2025); Hira S, Mukololo P, Parera C, Luo N, Mpoko G; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; OBJECTIVE: To determine long term efficacy of loperamide oxide in control of HIV-related diarrhoea. METHODS: Between March & April 1989, 30 patients with HIV-related diarrhoea attending University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia were entered in the study. Patients excluded were those with inflammatory bowel dis
Zidovudine-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:360 (abstract no. 2026); Lee MH, Torres R; St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA; METHODS: To describe an unusual hypersensitivity reaction to zidovudine. OBJECTIVE: The patient is a 33 year old Hispanic homosexual male, HIV-seropositive (11/88) asymptomatic, with severe immunodeficiency (CD4 count=26, Beta-2 microglobulin level=4.9mg/l), who developed high fever (105F) and headache immediately afte
Seborrheic dermatitis and HIV infection: qualitative analysis of skin surface lipids in HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative men.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:360 (abstract no. 2027); Vidal C, Girard PM, Dompmartin D, Bosson JL, Mettra C, Groslambert P, Coulaud JP, Amblard P; Departement de dermatologie, hopital universitaire, Grenoble, France; OBJECTIVE: To look for modifications of skin surface lipids (SSL) in HIV infected and non infected subjects with and without seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in order to identify a possible correlation. METHODS: We have compared by chromatographic analysis the composition of SSL (cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFA), triglyce
A single episode of herpes zoster as indicator for HIV-1 infection in Ethiopian patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:361 (abstract no. 2028); Yigeremu A; Armed Forces General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; OBJECTIVES: To see whether a single episode of Herpes Zoster is predictive of HIV-1 infection in Ethiopian patients. METHODS: All patients with a single episode of herpes zoster coming to Armed Forces General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were tested for HIV-1 antibodies from June to Nov. 1989. Demographic, risk beha
Prevalence and types of oral candidiasis in gay men.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:361 (abstract no. 2029); Greenspan JS, Greenspan D, Winkelstein W, Rutherford G, Moss A, Feigal DW; Univ of Calif., San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence in gay men examined during scheduled cohort study visits. METHODS: 564 seropositive and 644 seronegative gay men were examined (blind to serostatus) in 1987 in 3 cohorts of the Oral AIDS Epidemiology project: the SF Gay Mens Health Study (SFGMHS, n=715); the SF City Clinic Cohort (SFC
Oral hairy leukoplakia: clinical-pathologic correlations and differential diagnosis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:361 (abstract no. 2030); Ficarra G, Gaglioti D, Di Pietro M, Panzoni E; University of Florence, Florence, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical aspects, pathomorphology and differential diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). METHODS: Clinical aspects and histopathology of OHL were correlated in 85 consecutive HIV-infected patients (pts). A comparison with other tongue conditions and the histology of normal lingual and bu
Quantitation of candida albicans in the oropharynx of asymptomatic HIV-infected males and patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:361 (abstract no. 2031); Marriott D, Harkness J; Microbiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; OBJECTIVE: To quantitate C.albicans (C.a) in the oral cavity of HIV-infected men with and without oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc). METHODS: 382 men with no evidence of opc and who were not receiving antifungal therapy and 40 patients (pts) with opc gargled with 10ml of sterile distilled water. 0.1 ml was plated on to S
Gingival pathology in patients with sero-positive HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:362 (abstract no. 2032); Birman E, Godoy LF, Costa CR; School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, SP., Brazil; Due to controversial aspects about the prevalence of gingival pathology in HIV seropositive patients, we studied 100 patients (90.9% men; 45.4% homosexual men, 21% drug abusers, 27% other types), with age varied from 16 to 54 years mainly 2d and 3d decade, classified in 65% as group IV. It was realized a clinical evalu
Alpha-interferon in HIV-infected patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:362 (abstract no. 2033); Mancuso S, Accurso V, Spina M, Perricone R, Cajozzo A; Istituto di Clinica Medica e Malattie Cardiovascolari. Universita degli Studi. Palermo. Italy; OBJECTIVES: To evaluate therapeutic effects of alpha interferon on platelet count in thrombocytopenic HIV infected individuals. METHODS: At the Center for AIDS Control in Sicily, we treated twelve HIV patients belonging to groups II and III of CDC classification, with platelet count less than 30.000/mmc. Following a 1
Effectiveness of AZT on HIV-related thrombocytopenia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:362 (abstract no. 2034); Milazzo F, Zanchetta N, Coen M, Dal Conte I, Re M, Vivirito MC; 1st Dept. Infectious Dis., L.Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term effectiveness of AZT on HIV-related thrombocytopenia (TP). METHODS: 17 HIV infected patients (PTS) (13 LAS and 4ARC/AIDS) with TP (platelet-(PTL)-count 100.000/mmc) were treated with AZT, according to standard protocol criteria, for at least 12 weeks; 8/17 were treated up to six months.
Platelet decrease in HIV-infection associated with progressive immunodeficiency, atypical mycobacteria and salmonella sepsis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:362 (abstract no. 2035); Matuschke A, Welzl G, Bogner J, Goebel FD; Medizinische Poliklinik, Universitat Munchen, Munchen, FRG; OBJECTIVE: To determine different causes of platelet decrease in HIV-infection. METHODS: In 407 HIV-infected patients, platelet counts [PL], gamma globulins [GAM], risk of infection, Walter Reed stages [WR], opportunistic infections [OI] and date of death were compared. Significance [signif.] was defined as p less than
Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in HIV-Ab positive, AIDS and ARC individuals in Bulgaria.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:363 (abstract no. 2036); Doganov B; Clinic of Infection Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria; OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a predictor of worsening in the clinical state of HIV-Ab (+) individuals. METHODS: We measured the serum LDH levels in 60 HIV-Ab (+) individuals, together with the changes in the cell-mediated immunity (CMI). RESULTS: We found elevated total LDH in
Tuftsin deficiency in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:363 (abstract no. 2037); Corazza GR, Zoli G, Ginaldi L, Profeta VF, Gasbarrini G, Quaglino D; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Sanita Pubblica, Universita de L'Aquila, Italy; Bacterial pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae occur in patients with AIDS with a frequency which is significantly higher than in the general population. Infections caused by these same organisms are well known to be associated with splenectomy or splenic dysfunction and are believed to be relate
Unexplained venous thrombosis (UVT) in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:363 (abstract no. 2038); Pulik M, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt S, Couderc LJ, Matheron S, Saimot AG, Mahe A; Hopital V Dupouy, Argenteuil, France; OBJECTIVE: To describe a previously unreported complication: UVT in HIV-infected patients (pts). METHODS: Group I: retrospective study of UVT observed in HIV-infected pts in 4 hospitals, in Paris area, from 1983 to 1989. Group II: prospective study of coagulation in HIV-infected pts, in January 1989. RESULTS: Group I:
Systemic lupus erythematosus mimicking HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:363 (abstract no. 2039); Wool M, Magpantay L, Hardy WD, Chen I; University of California, School Of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: Case report of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) mimicking HIV infection with multiple positive and indeterminate HIV laboratory results. METHOD: A 31 y.o. white female with low HIV risk factors and a history of infectious mononucleosis with hepatitis in 1982 subsequently developed symptoms of persistent fa
Eight year follow-up of immune function in Japanese hemophiliacs (1983-1990).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:364 (abstract no. 2040); Tanaka A, Yorifuji H, Fukutake K, Hada M, Ikematsu S, Fujimaki M; Tokyo Medical College, Department of Clinical Pathology, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; OBJECTIVE: Most of hemophiliacs have been suppressed their immune system in various extent whether they have suffered from HIV infection or not. Thus, it is important that we continue to study on their immune function to gain insight into the natural history of HIV infected individuals. We report results of our analysi
Peripheral blood erythrocytes (E) forming rosettes with their autologous lymphocytes (AELR) in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:364 (abstract no. 2041); Pathouli C, Spiliotopoulou J, Kontopoulou-Griva I; 2nd Academic Dept of Medicine of Athens University, Athens, Greece; OBJECTIVE: We casually observed that a part of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in persons infected by HIV forms spontaneous rosettes (R) with their autologous erythrocytes (AE). We wanted to estimate how extensive is this phenomenon. We studied 32 HIV positive Hemophiliacs, 27 HIV positive cases, 3 positive Cooley a
Incidence of HIV infection in patients treated for lymphoma.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:364 (abstract no. 2042); Forjaz Lacerda MJ, Santos-Ferreira MO, Lourenco MH, Forjaz Lacerda JM; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Santa Maria Hospitals, Lisbon, Portugal; OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of patients infected by HIV among those treated for lymphoma . METHODS: 165 patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) have been tested for HIV (both HIV-1 and HIV-2). Antibodies to HIV were checked by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conventional morphology and imm
Is acute renal failure (ARF) in AIDS really decreasing?: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:364 (abstract no. 2043); Genderini A, Bertoli S, Scorza D, Barone MT, Lagona C, Barbiano di Belgiojoso G; Renal Unit, Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy; Incidence of ARF in AIDS patients (pts) is a frequent event, but reports on its occurrence in recent times, compared to earlier observations is lacking. We evaluated the occurrence of ARF in pts hospitalized for AIDS or pre-AIDS at Infectious Diseases Units of Sacco Hospital, Milan from 1984 to 1989. Out of 715 AIDS pt
Bacterial ear and sinopulmonary infections in HIV infected persons.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:365 (abstract no. 2044); Simpson G, Martin M, Cox P, Beck K, Beall G; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: The magnitude of common bacterial infections in HIV infected patients is unknown and merits investigation. Therefore, we sought to determine the incidence of ear and sinopulmonary infections and potential associated factors in a defined HIV-infected population. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 377 pa
Nature of intramyocardial inflammatory infiltrates (IMI) in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:365 (abstract no. 2045); Parravicini C, Gaiera G, Vago L, Lazzarin A, Baroldi G; University of Milan, Milan, Italy; OBJECTIVE: Investigation of frequence, phenotype and pathogenesis of IMI in AIDS patients (pts). METHODS: Heart samples obtained from 34 consecutive pts. died from AIDS, and 6 IVDU HIV- subjects were examined. Immunohistochemical methods were employed with MoAbs directed against several leucocyte and viral antigens (
Ocular lesions in AIDS patients in Senegal.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:365 (abstract no. 2046); Ndoye N, Wade A, Ba E, Sow S, Coll AM; Ophthalmology Department, Hopital Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal; OBJECTIVES: 1) To estimate the prevalence of AIDS related ocular lesions. 2) To describe the different types of AIDS related eye lesions. 3) To assess differences of ocular lesions according to type of HIV infection. METHODS: Systematic examination by an ophthalmologist of all new AIDS cases hospitalized at the Infecti
Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:365 (abstract no. 2047); Friedberg DN, Orenstein JM, Didier ES, Stenson SM, Shadduck JA; NYU Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of a recalcitrant, bilateral, superficial epithelial keratoconjunctivitis in 3 patients with AIDS. METHODS: Conjunctival scrapings were examined by light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 2 patients. Results were confirmed by conjunctival biopsy in one patient. Organis
Clinical manifestations of HIV-infection in the USSR.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:366 (abstract no. 2048); Yurin O, Irova T, Sundukova E, Pokrovsky VV; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 3-a, Novogyreyevskaya, Moscow, USSR; OBJECTIVE: To estimate clinical manifestations of HIV-infection in the USSR. METHODS: Observation of clinical manifestations of HIV-infection in seropositive persons: 401 Soviet citizens including 155 children (38,7%) and 578 adult foreigners. RESULTS: In 8% of Soviet seropositive persons symptoms resembling Glandular
Arthritis and HIV infection in Kigali Rwanda.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:366 (abstract no. 2049); Blanche P, Taelman H, Bogaerts J, Batungwanayo J, Kagame A, Nyirabareja A, Kabagabo L, Rutaganira Y, Abdel Aziz M, Van de Perre P; Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali (CHK), Rwanda; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patients admitted at the CHK with acute or subacute arthritis and look for a possible association of this condition with HIV infection. METHODS: From 10/01/89 to 12/31/89, each patient with acute or subacute arthritis was examined clinically, had a X-ray of chest, pelvis and involved joint
Gynaecological and reproductive aspects of HIV infected women.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:366 (abstract no. 2050); Sojo D, Fresneda A; Centro Promocion de la Salud. Distrito Centro. Madrid Council. Spain; Ninety-seven HIV infected women who attended the clinic were prospectively studied. Ninety of them were in group II, four in group III and three in group IV according to CDC clinical staging. Eighty-seven per cent reported IVDA present or past and 13% were couples of subjects previously infected. Genital infection, unw
Pericardial effusion and HIV infection in Kigali, Rwanda.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:366 (abstract no. 2051); Kagame A, Taelman H, Bogaerts J, Batungwanayo J, Nyirabareja A, Abdel Aziz M, Blanche P, Van de Perre P; Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali (CHK), Rwanda; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of pericardial effusions and their possible association with HIV infection. METHODS: From 08/01/88 to 07/31/89, each patient with pericardial effusion had a medical history, physical examination, standard laboratory tests, chest X-ray, ECG, cyto-biochemical and microbiological peric
Gynecologic infection in women with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:367 (abstract no. 2052); Anderson J, Horn J, Atkinson J, Smith M, Chaisson R; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: Describe gynecologic (GYN) infections and selected correlates in women attending an inner-city HIV clinic. METHODS: Retrospective review of available GYN information obtained from 86 HIV seropositive women seen between 1985 and 1990. RESULTS: The mean age was 33.3 years (range 19-74). The racial distribution
Pyomyositis in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:367 (abstract no. 2053); Widrow C, Kellie S, Saltzman B, Nadeson S, Mathur-Wagh U; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and laboratory features of pyomyositis in 5 patients with HIV disease. METHODS: Chart review of patients with a discharge diagnosis of pyomyositis and HIV infection seen at our institution during 1988-89. RESULTS: All were males (4 homosexual, 1 IVDU) between the ages of 26 and 37, C
Impact of HIV infection on the survival of chronic renal failure patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:367 (abstract no. 2054); Pestana JO, Cendoroglo MN, Pereira CA, Luconi PS, Peixinho Z, Mendes N, Ramos OL; Divisions of Nephrology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil; On Dec./1986 we started the screening for HIV infection on our Dialysis and Transplantation population. Since then we have found 6 HIV infected subjects out of 400 transplanted patients and 4 out of 350 Dialysis patients. The most important data are shown on the table: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. These results s
Predictability of HIV status in Haitian adults.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:367 (abstract no. 2055); Kissinger P, Adrien M, Boulos R, Brutus JR, Holt E, Ruff A, Halsey NA; Centers for Development & Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of signs and symptoms for HIV. METHODS: Patients were evaluated in a single clinic by one physician. RESULTS: 151 (65%) of 231 tested were HIV-1 positive (98 male, 53 female). TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. HIV positive individuals had a mean of 1.6 major and 1.9 minor s
Characteristics in the clinical course of the HIV infection in Bulgaria.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:368 (abstract no. 2056); Plotchev K, Dikov I, Duhovnikova T, Lilyanova V, Doganov B, Valkova I; Clinic of Infection Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria; OBJECTIVE: For a 4 year period, in an interval of 3-6 months, in the Clinic of Infection Diseases in Sofia has been made a follow up of 60 HIV-Ab (+) individuals. METHODS: The follow up included a clinical status, immunological status (FACScan), laboratory investigations and search for indicating opportunistic infectio
Immune parameters in infants born to seropositive mothers: a longitudinal evaluation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:368 (abstract no. 2057); d'Arminio Monforte A, Novati R, Galli M, Marchisio P, Massironi M, Principi N; Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Milan, Italy; OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal evaluation of immune parameters in neonates and infants born to seropositive (seropos.) mothers in relation to transmission of HIV infection. METHODS: 27 neonates and 12 infants (younger than 6 months-mo.s) entered the study. 34 anti-HIV negative (neg.) neonates from anti-HIV neg. non drug addic
Glutathione concentrations in plasma and blood are markedly decreased in HIV-infected children.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:368 (abstract no. 2058); Smith CV, Hansen TN, Hanson IC, Shearer WT; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the systemic glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) status in HIV-infected children. GSH is the major intracellular thiol and is critical in cellular defenses against reactive oxygen species and many other potentially toxic species. Much of the body s GSH is synthesized in the liver
Clinical behaviour of 25 Mexican children infected by HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:368 (abstract no. 2059); Perez Rodriquez G, Gorbea Robles MD; Hospital de Infectologia, Centro Medico La "Raza", I.M.S.S. Mexico, City Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To inform status of 25 Mexican children with AIDS and transmission mechanisms. METHODS: We studied pediatric patients infected by HIV from newborn to 14 years old according the Centers for Disease Control criteria, from January 1985 to January 1990. RESULTS: We detected 25 patients; 20 male and 5 female. We
Atypical mycobacterial infection (AM) in pediatric AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:369 (abstract no. 2060); Hoyt L, Connor E, Oleske J; Children's Hospital of NJ, Newark, NJ, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the natural history of AM in children with AIDS. METHODS: Microbiology records (1981-1990) of HIV-infected patients in the Children s Hospital AIDS Program were reviewed to identify those with positive cultures for AM. Medical records of patients with AM were reviewed to obtain clinical, immunolo
Pregnancy as a factor of risk for the progression of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:369 (abstract no. 2061); Muggiasca ML, Casolati E, Conti M; VII Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, University of Milan, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if pregnancy may elicit a progression of HIV infection. METHODS: 34 HIVpos.women (20 ex-IVDA; 8 IVDA; 6 partners of HIV) have been evaluated and tested for HIV circulating antigen (p24 Ag, Elisa, Abbott), antibody (p24 Ab, W.B., Du Pont) and lymphocyte subset (monoclonal antibodies, Ortho) during
Zidovudine treatment in children with symptomatic HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:369 (abstract no. 2062); Castelli Gattinara G, Livadiotti S, D'Argenio P, Caniglia M, Ossicini C, Elia L; Bambino Gesu' Children Hospital - Institute of Research, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate influence of Zidovudine ( AZT ) treatment in children with symptomatic HIV infection. METHODS: 12 children (4 F, 8 M) aged between 5 and 77 months (mean age 26) with vertical HIV infection in P-2 CDC class (8 AIDS) were treated with AZT (400 to 720 mg/m2/die in 4 or 2 doses) for a mean period of
An observational study of the safety and efficacy of hypericin in HIV+ subjects.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:369 (abstract no. 2063); Cooper WC, James J; Community Research Alliance, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical and laboratory changes in patients (pts) self-administering hypericin (HY) herbal extracts available over-the-counter (OTC). METHODS: HIV+ pts at any stage of the disease who were starting to use HY (approximately 1 mg per day) received baseline and 4 monthly measurements, including physic
Early clinical experience with the parallel track compassionate release DDI treatment protocol.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:370 (abstract no. 2064); Agins B, Smith M, Shepp D, Kaplan M; North Shore University Hospital, Cornell University Medical Center; Manhasset, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical benefits and toxicities of DDI in patients (pts) enrolled in the compassionate use protocol since 10/89. METHODS: Pts are studied prospectively with monitoring of weight, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters (CBC, SMA20, amylase), absolute CD4 count and occurrence of opportunisti
Tolerance of chondroitinpolysulfate (CPS) in HIV-1 seropositive ARC and AIDS patients (pts).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:370 (abstract no. 2065); Hoffken G, Bieniek B, Menssen HD, Petri M, Nick S, Hunsmann G, Panse P, Thiel E; Klinikum Steglitz, Freie Universitat Berlin, FRG; OBJECTIVE: CPS, a polysulfated mucopolysaccharide with a median mol. weight of 6-8 kD, proved to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protects HIV-1 infected MT-4 cells against virus-induced cell death at 0.08 mg/l. Pharmacokinetics studies in animals and humans showed that CPS doses of 1 to 2 mg/kg
AIDS - observation of ayurvedic therapies.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:370 (abstract no. 2066); Karnick CR, Kulkarni MS, Gupta A, Gosavi AS; Clinical and Experimental Research Division, Wockhardt Limited, Aurangabad, India; OBJECTIVE: Prevention, immunization and recovery to AIDS patients using non-toxic Ayurvedic herbal drugs. METHODS: Ayurvedic herbal drugs showing anti-viral activities screened, analysed compound using modern pharmaceutical parameters. Patients screened by various latest methods for blood, urine, etc. using Elisa techn
Neutralization of HIV by the fraction of natural immunoglobulins obtained by ion-exchange chromatography.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:370 (abstract no. 2067); Poverenny AM, Korneyeva MN, Rott GM, Sugaeva NI, Kruglov IV, Masonov EL; Institute of Medical Radiology, Obninsk-249020 USSR; OBJECTIVE: We have analyzed the ability of normal polyspecific antibodies to react with HIV-1 antigens. METHODS: 7 different IgG fractions were obtained by anion-exchange chromatography of commercial preparations without antiHIV activity. The ability of these fractions to neutralize reproductive HIV-1 activity in 2 dif
Association of zidovudine (AZT) with a ten days course of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:371 (abstract no. 2068); Dhiver C, Mawas C, Hirn M, Tamalet C, Olive D, Gastaut JA; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; OBJECTIVE: Phase I study of therapeutic association with anti-CD4 mAb and AZT . METHODS: 13B8.2, a workshop qualified anti CD4 mAb, could inhibit in vitro syncytium formation, deliver negative signals to T cells, thus preventing T cell activation and viral replication, contribute to CD4 T cells clearance by its Fc port
The influence of zidovudine (AZT) on the humoral immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in ARC and AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:371 (abstract no. 2069); Sprenger HG, Weits J, Giessen M, Law G, Steunebrink GH, The TH; University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of AZT in different groups of HIV seropositives on CMV-specific humoral immunity. METHODS: 16 patients with ARC or AIDS were prospectively studied during treatment with AZT. CMV-specific IgG-antibodies (Ab) were measured using a quantitative ELISA. CMV Ab were expressed as percen
Clinical efficacy of low-dose zidovudine in patients with ARC and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:371 (abstract no. 2070); Miller S, Sifris D; HIV Clinic, Johannesburg Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of low-dose zidovudine (ZDV) in patients with ARC (PWARC) and AIDS (PWA). METHODS: Eighteen PWARC and 12 PWA received 400mg ZDV daily. Patients who were unable to afford ZDV were included as matched controls. Patients were monitored monthly for six months. All
Zidovudine: evaluation of an intermittent therapy scheme.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:371 (abstract no. 2071); Staszewski S, Kober A, Gottstein A, Odewald J, Rehmet S, von Wangenheim I, Helm EB, Stille W; Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 6000 Frankfurt FRG; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intermittent Zidovudine treatment as to side effects and effects on clinical course of HIV-infection in patients with severe immunodeficiency. METHODS: 58 patients (35 AIDS, 23 ARC) received Zidovudine 1000 - 1250 mg/d during treatment intervals of 4 weeks, which alternated with therapy breaks of
Open trial of the long-term safety of zidovudine--toxicity and survival of 188 HIV patients at 36 months.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:372 (abstract no. 2072); Houle L, Lebel F, Fletcher M; Burroughs Wellcome Inc., Kirkland, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: To present data on the survival of 188 (post- PCP ) AIDS patients who have been followed for at least 36 months. METHODS: This open study began in November 1986 and continues. In order to receive Zidovudine, physicians enrolling patients had to complete follow up forms on their patients at least once a month
Multicenter double blind placebo controlled dose response study of diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC, Imuthiol) associated with zidovudine in patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:372 (abstract no. 2073); Kirstetter M, Mathis C, Felten A, Boutitie F; Paris, France; In 3 placebo controlled studies, Imuthiol has shown its clinical effectiveness in reducing the progression of the HIV infection. The dose of DTC generally used was 10 mg/kg weekly. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and the effectiveness of DTC given in different dose regimens in association with zidovudine therapy. METHO
The usefulness of LEM (the extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia) in HIV-infected hemophiliacs.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:372 (abstract no. 2074); Shirahata A, Mori K, Kishida K, Maruyama I, Suzuki K; University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan; OBJECTIVE: LEM is an extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia. The product contains lignin which supresses HIV in vitro, thus the immunological effect of LEM on HIV infected hemophiliacs was studied in this clinical study. PATIENTS: The subjected group consisted of 15 patients with hemophilia A and 1 patient with he
Treatment of HIV-infected patients with zinc-sulfate.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:372 (abstract no. 2075); Cabotin PP, Janier M, Rabian C, Ferchal F, Bourdon R, Civatte J; Hopital Saint-Louis - Paris - France; Low serum zinc levels have been documented in HIV-infected patients and might worsen the cellular immunological defect of these subjects. The potential effects of zinc salts are controversial since zinc could be both inhibitor of reverse transcriptases and activator of tat-protein. The aim of our work was to assess the
A new theoretical approach to treatment of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:373 (abstract no. 2076); Raoufi M; Iran's University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; OBJECTIVE: To present a theoretical approach to treatment of seropositive HIV-infected individual progressing to AIDS. METHODS: The criteria used to select the patient include presence of oral thrush , constitutional symptoms, on both, anergy, fewer than 200 T4 cell/mm3, a T4/T8 cell ratio less than 0.5, 10 to 25 and l
Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii in routine sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage: evaluation by comparative use of traditional staining techniques and immunofluorescence.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:373 (abstract no. 2077); Weber G; Public Health Labs., Hannover; West Germany; OBJECTIVE: To extend the evaluation of current diagnostic approaches in HIV positive patients with suspected PCP . METHODS: In total, 555 routine sputa (RS) and 178 BAL specimens were examined, using staining with toluidine blue O and Diff-Quick(R), and a non-commercial immunofluorescence test (IFT). Comparative evalua
Oral clindamycin plus primaquine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:373 (abstract no. 2078); Joseph P, Marzouk J, Phelps R; Merritt-Peralta Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety & efficacy of oral clindamycin plus primaquine (C+P) as initial therapy for 1st, 2nd, or 3rd episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ). METHODS: Sixteen gay men with AIDS and mild or moderate PCP were enrolled onto a protocol using only oral clindamycin + primaquine. All p
Pharmacokinetics of (PK) pentamidine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:373 (abstract no. 2079); Conte JE Jr; University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; The PK of pentamidine were studied in 24 subjects: 10 with normal renal function (RF) (Group 1). 9 undergoing hemodialysis (HD) (Group 2) and 5 with near normal RF (Group 3) following the last dose of therapy. A 3-compartment fit best represented the concentration-time data for Groups 1 and 2. TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRAC
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in Spanish AIDS patients: uni/multivariate analysis of predictors of mortality.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:374 (abstract no. 2080); Miro JM, Veigas C, Zamora L, Mallolas J, Valls ME, Torres A; Hospital Clinic i Provincial. Barcelona. Spain; OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical and laboratory features which are predictive of mortality in Spanish AIDS patients with PCP . METHODS: We studied the first 78 AIDS patients diagnosed of PCP in our Institution since 1984 until January 1989. PCP relapses were not included. The PCP diagnosis was made on the demonstrat
No arrhythmogenic QT-prolongation by pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis (PP) in 44 patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:374 (abstract no. 2081); Thalhammer C, Bogner JR, Goebel FD, Matuschke A, Heinrich B, Lohmoller G; Medical Policlinic, Univ. of Munich, FRG; Intravenous Pentamidine may induce QT-prolongation and torsade-de-pointes tachycardias. This side effect is believed to be an idiosyncratic reaction and not dose related (Bisher et al., V.Int. Conf. on AIDS, Montreal 1989). We therefore studied the effect of PP (300 mg every 2 weeks) on corrected QT (QTc; blind measure
Oxygen consumption and its relationship to oxygen delivery in patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related PCP.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:374 (abstract no. 2082); Ronco JJ, Fenwick JC, Russell JA, Ruedy J, Montaner JS; AIDS Research Programme and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationship between oxygen delivery (DO2I) and oxygen consumption (VO2I) in patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS related PCP . METHODS: Five patients admitted to the ICU for mechanical ventilatory support because of acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related
Aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis following Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:374 (abstract no. 2083); Lavelle J, Murphy R, Harding P, Pierce P; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; OBJECTIVE: Without prophylactic therapy recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) develops in 40% of patients (pts) at 6 months and 70% at 12 months (Fischl, MMWR, V. 38, June 1989). We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of secondary prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine (AP). METHODS: A total of 68 pts wer
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (P-S) in primary and secondary chemoprophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:375 (abstract no. 2084); Ruf B, Pohle HD; II. Department of Internal Medicine, Rudolph Virchow University Hospital (Wedding), Berlin, FRG; OBJECTIVE: General agreement exists, that the most frequent opportunistic infections in AIDS patients should be prevented by primary chemoprophylaxis. Experiences emphasize the use of aerosolized pentamidine (AP) in PCP prophylaxis. In areas with high incidence of toxoplasmosis a primary prophylaxis has to be considere
Trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole (TMZ) vs pentamidine inhalations (PIN) for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:375 (abstract no. 2085); Rozenbaum W, Kadivar M, Gharakhanian S, Cano C, Dias Tavares M, Cardon B; Rothschild University Hospital, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of TMZ vs PIN in the primary prophylaxis of PCP in patients treated by Zidovudine (Z). METHODS: CDC stage-IV patients (pts) excluding PCP; not treated by Sulfadiazine, Pyrimethamine, Fansidar, Dapsone. CD4 cell count less than 200. WBC greater than 2000, Hb greater than 1
Side effects of prophylactic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (T/S) are diminished with once daily dosing.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:375 (abstract no. 2086); Wolbert J, Keyes C, Chieffe R, Marte C, Kelly J, Holzman RS; Community Health Project/Bellevue Hospital, N.Y.C., N.Y., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if various doses of T/S have different rates of untoward side effects when used for PCP prophylaxis (PCPP). METHODS: A retrospective study of patients treated with T/S for PCPP in a community based clinic. Inclusion criteria: No prior T/S usage and HIV Ab+, T4 less than 200 or less than 12%. 199
Radiologic manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) before and during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:375 (abstract no. 2087); Opravil M, Marincek B, Fuchs WA, Weber R, Battegay M, Speich R, Luthy R; Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; OBJECTIVE: To compare the radiologic and clinical presentation of initial PCP in 29 AIDS patients with consecutive PCP recurrences during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. METHODS: All 29 patients in our institution, who suffered from microscopically verified PCP recurrences while receiving pentamidine prophylaxis, were
Cost-effectiveness of secondary PCP prophylaxis using aerosolized pentamidine: evaluation of a hospital-based program.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:376 (abstract no. 2088); Mathews WC, Fenton C, Fullerton S, Abramson I, Coley E, La Belle J; University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To estimate the program costs per case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) relapse prevented by aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis in a hospital-based clinic. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with prior confirmed PCP were enrolled in an aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis program of 150 mg every 2 weeks b
Failures in prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) with aerosolised pentamidine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:376 (abstract no. 2089); Pialoux G, Chauvelle MT, Trotot PM, Sansonetti P, Dupont B; Hopital de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To assess the failure rate during primary and secondary prophylaxis of PCP with aerosolized Pentamidine. METHODS: Since March 1988, 185 high risk HIV infected patients have received nebulized Pentamidine (480 mg or 240 mg monthly administered via a Respirgard II or NB 99 Devilbiss nebulizer). The laboratory
Topically applied All Trans-Retinoic acid for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (Ks).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:376 (abstract no. 2090); Bonhomme L, Fredj G, Averous S, Szekely AM, Meyer P, Ecstein E, Lang JM, Trumbic B, Misset JL, Jasmin C; Hopital P. Brousse, Laboratoire de pharmacologie experimentale et clinique, 94800-Villejuif -France; OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of clinical and histologic response in epidemic Ks skin lesion after topical treatment with 1% All Trans Retinoic acid (tretinoin) gel. METHODS: 8 male homosexuals were included in this trial. All patients had biopsy proven KS with at least 2 measurable lesions. Ks staging was IB = 2, IIB = 2, IVB
Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:376 (abstract no. 2091); Couderc LJ, Detruchis P, Matheron S, Katlama C, Caubarrere I, Clauvel JP; Hopital Foch, Suresnes, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To determine the features and responses to treatment of pulmonary KS in patients with HIV infection. METHODS: Forty-one HIV positive patients (39 homosexual men, 2 heterosexual African women). Twenty four (58%) patients have had previous opportunistic infections. RESULTS: 1) Extra pulmonary organs involvemen
Patterns of failure and toxicity of chemotherapy (CT) in AIDS related non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:377 (abstract no. 2092); Sparano JA, Goldstein J, Gucalp R, Davis L, Wiernik P; Dept of Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the patterns of failure and toxicity of CT in the treatment (TX) of AIDS related NHL. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 20 patients (pts) who presented with AIDS related, intermediate to high grade NHL. RESULTS: Treatment in most patients included cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine,
Immunohistochemical aspects of HIV associated non Hodgkin's lymphomas. Comparison with morphology.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:377 (abstract no. 2093); Debre P, Raphael M, Audouin J, Lamine M, Abd alsamad I, Diebold J; CHU Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; High grade of B cell type non Hodgkin s lymphomas (NHL) are observed in 5 to 10% of AIDS patients. In order to determine the phenotype of each histological category of HIV associated NHL we analyzed on frozen sections the expression of B cell differentiation antigens (Ag), immunoglobulins (Ig) activation and proliferat
Vulvar and cervical pathologies in HIV seropositive (HIV+) women followed in a colposcopy outpatient clinic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:377 (abstract no. 2094); Galfetti M, Irion O, Beguin F; Department of OB/GYN, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; OBJECTIVE: Evaluate prevalence of HIV+ patients in our colposcopy outpatient clinic and describe related pathologies. METHOD: We reviewed the files of 397 colposcopy-patients followed in 1989. RESULTS: 19 (4.8%) were HIV+ (27 consultations) for a total of 397 patients (612 consultations). Mean number of consultation wa
HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in Italy: intravenous drug users (IVDUs) versus homosexual men (HM).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:377 (abstract no. 2095); Vaccher E, Tirelli U, Errante D, Rizzardini G, Palmieri G, Monfardini S; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To compare the natural history of HIV-related NHL in IVDU vs HM. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinico-pathological features and outcome of HIV-related NHL among IVDU vs HM has been conducted by the GICAT (Italian Cooperative Group Study on AIDS-Related Tumors). RESULTS: Since November 1986, 150 I
HIV seropositivity and Hodgkin's lymphoma.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:378 (abstract no. 2096); Liff JM, Eley JW, Khabbaz RF, Selik RM, Chan WC; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the seroprevalence of HIV among Metropolitan Atlanta patients with various subtypes of lymphoma . METHODS: Since February 1, 1989, all incident cases of lymphoma have been identified in the 5 counties comprising the Atlanta Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) area. Clinical summari
Colposcopic evaluation of HIV seropositive women.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:378 (abstract no. 2097); Tarricone NJ, Maiman M, Vieira J; The Brooklyn Hospital-Caledonian Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of HIV seropositivity on cervical histology Thirty-two (32) known HIV+ patients had cervical colposcopic evaluations. METHODS: All patients had cervical cytology, colposcopic biopsies and T-cell studies performed. RESULTS: Twenty-five per cent of the study group (mean age 33.4 yrs.) w
Human papilloma virus (HPV) and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-1 infected inner city women.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:378 (abstract no. 2098); Kloser P, Lombardo J, Chung R, Gersten D, Jenson A, Raska K Jr; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School and University Hospital, Newark, NJ, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-1 infected female outpatients attending the Infectious Disease Clinic at University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey. METHODS: Over a one month period (11/89), thirty HIV-infected female subjects, as part of medical treatment, had cervical specimens analyzed
Clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopic features of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:378 (abstract no. 2099); Pozniak A, Latif A, McLeod D, Ndemera B, Neill P; Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe; OBJECTIVE: To describe the main clinical, radiological and bronchoscopic features of pulmonary Kaposi s Sarcoma (PKS). METHODS: Of 268 patients with biopsy proven HIV associated Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) any who had clinical or radiological changes suggestive of pulmonary involvement underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy. RESU
High dose intralesional recombinant interferon-alpha-IIb-treatment in HIV-1-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:379 (abstract no. 2100); Tschechne B, von Wussow P, Schedel I, Deicher H; Medical School Hannover, FRG; OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of high dose intralesional interferon-alpha-IIB-therapy (IFN-alpha-IIb) of HIV-1-related Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). METHODS: Seven patients with histological proven KS and HIV-1-infection have been treated by intralesional injections of IFN-alpha-IIb, 3x10(7) IU per dose daily for a period
Predictive factors for antitumor response in patients (P) with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) treated with interferon alpha-2b (Intron-A) associated with zidovudine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:379 (abstract no. 2101); Hermans P, Cauchie E, Sommereijns B, Payen MC, Clumeck N; Div. of Infectious Diseases, St Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate predictive factors for antitumor effects of combined therapy using Intron-A and Zidovudine in AIDS P with KS. METHOD: Since August 1988, 16 P with AIDS and KS have been enrolled in an open prospective clinical study. Treatment (TRT) consisted of administration of Intron-A (20MU/d, 5/7d) associate
Radiation therapy (RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) in AIDS related non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:379 (abstract no. 2102); Goldstein J, Dickson D, Valentine E, Davis L; Dept of Radiation Therapy and Pathology. Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of RT to the CNS for AIDS related NHL. METHODS: We reviewed all 25 biopsy proven, HIV related cases of NHL treated with CNS irradiation between 1985-1988. We recorded the reasons for referral, type of therapy given, and results of treatment. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had primary CNS NHL
A study of Langerhans' cells in the cervical epithelium of women with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:379 (abstract no. 2103); Barton S, Maddox P, Smith J, Jenkins D, Hawkins D; Westminster Hospital, London, England; OBJECTIVE: A high prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) has been reported in women with HIV infection and this accords with a similar finding in women with systemic immunosuppression. METHODS: Colposcopically directed cervical biopsies were obtained from 25 HIV infected women whose disease status range
Human papilloma virus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) in HIV-infected female patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:380 (abstract no. 2104); Hiller KF, Baur S, Lutz R, Stauber M, Jakobs U; University of Munich, I. Women's Hospital, Munich, FRG; OBJECTIVE: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the high rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and its relation to human papilloma virus infection in pregnant and non-pregnant HIV-infected female patients. METHODS: 76 women with HIV, one group during pregnancy and one group of non-pregnant women, were teste
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in AIDS cases in Argentina.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:380 (abstract no. 2105); Perez H, Smilovich A, Cahn P, Casiro A, Muchinik G, Grinberg N; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina; OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical and epidemiological features of KS, the influence of treatment and of opportunistic infection (OI) on outcome at 12 months (MO). METHODS: Between 1982 and 1989 we studied 124 AIDS patients (pts). One hundred and two were male homosexuals, 11 IV drug abusers, 6 heterosexuals, and 5 hem
Experience with ganciclovir therapy in cytomegalovirus infections with AIDS Mexican patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:380 (abstract no. 2106); Peredo LV, Estrada AJ, Jimenez ZE, Vargas E, Martinez SJ, Lopez-Fiesco A; Hospital de Infectologia, Centro Medico La "Raza", I.M.S.S. Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of Ganciclovir (DHPG) in the treatment of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infections in AIDS patients. METHOD: Twenty-three Mexican patients with AIDS for HIV1 developed CMV infections (eighteen with retinitis and five with colitis). Indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluoroangio
Early virus isolation, immediate-early antigen detection, and DNA amplification by PCR in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from AIDS patients with human cytomegalovirus viremia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:380 (abstract no. 2107); Gerna G, Zipeto D, Silini E, Parea M, Grossi P, Milanesi G; Virus Lab., Inst. Infect. Dis., Univ. of Pavia, IRCCS Policlin. S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To establish the frequency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) viremia in AIDS patients by examination of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). METHODS: 1) Conventional virus isolation by CPE in cell cultures (3wks observation); 2) Centrifugation-enhanced early antigen (EA) detection by MAb to EA 24h p.i.;3) Imm
Oral and perianal cytomegalovirus ulceration in AIDS: a clinical review.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:381 (abstract no. 2108); McCormick S, Nelson M, Barton S, Gazzard B; Westminster Hospital, London, England; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical presentation and outcome of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) oral and perianal ulceration in HIV positive patients. METHODS: All HIV positive patients with oral and/or perianal ulceration presenting between March 1985 and November 1989 were reviewed. CMV infection was diagnosed by typical his
Biochemical and immunological study of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in HIV-positive patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:381 (abstract no. 2109); Leonardi A, Ribizzi G, Piersantelli N, Imberciadori G, Bo A, Cuneo-Crovari P; Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Up to Dec. 1989 we performed routine cytochemical study of the CSF in 44 HIV+ patients with neurologic signs belonging to CDC groups I (n=3), III (n=3), IV B (n=10), IV C (n=28). Compared to 43 HIV-negative bacterial or viral Meningo-Encephalitides (ME), HIV+ have low CSF glucose with significantly higher frequency (75
Care requirements for AIDS patients on a trial of foscarnet for the treatment of CMV retinitis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:381 (abstract no. 2110); Baird B, Coleman P, Allen M, Smolskis M, Smartt E, Martell D, Reizes Y, Williams J, Masur H, Polis M; Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the care requirements and resources necessary for patients (pts) with AIDS enrolled in a trial of intravenous foscarnet for CMV retinitis. METHODS: Pts were considered eligible if they had peripheral CMV retinitis and agreed to Hickman catheter insertion. Inpatient treatment consisted of 21 d
Usefulness of high dose acyclovir as prophylaxis for CMV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:381 (abstract no. 2111); Metroka CE, Josefberg H; St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: An open study of the efficacy and tolerance of high dose acyclovir . METHODS: We studied 120 patients who were at high risk for CMV from 12/87 to 1/90. All patients had less than 150 CD4+ cells/mm3. Preliminary data analysis is presented. RESULTS: The mean CD4+ cells at the time of treatment i
Selection of fluconazole-resistant yeasts in AIDS patients under fluconazole prophylaxis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:382 (abstract no. 2112); Gilquin J, Lavarde V, Meggle F, Acar JF; Hopital Saint-Joseph, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal compound effective against C. albicans, the most prevalent agent of candidiasis ; some species are naturally resistant: C. krusei, T. glabrata. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of selection of yeasts resistant to fluconazole and their clinical implication. M
Histoplasmosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: autopsy findings.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:382 (abstract no. 2113); Khardori N, Johnson PC, King T, VonBehren LA, Tewari RP, Sarosi G; Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA; OBJECTIVE: Patients with AIDS have progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) involving numerous organ systems including the skin, gastrointestinal tract and brain. This report describes the autopsy findings in 8 of 48 patients we have recently described with PDH and AIDS from Houston Metropolitan area. The study wa
Study clinic-therapeutic pathologic of 10 cases of disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS in Sao Paulo - Brazil.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:382 (abstract no. 2114); Del Bianco R, Neves MA, Neves FD, Mendonca M, Prado SP, Stocco MJ, Araujo FM, Cavallari MM, Pires CF, Rosenthal C; Centro de Referencia e Treinamento - AIDS, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: We analysed 10 cases with Disseminated Histoplasmosis and AIDS in relation to epidemiology, clinical and laboratory diagnosis and treatment of these patients. METHODS: Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings were reviewed retrospectively in all the patients that we had seen with
Criteria for presumptive diagnosis of neurotoxoplasmosis: are they adequate? A review of 80 cases.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:382 (abstract no. 2115); Sohler MP, Correa RB, Perez MA, Schechter M, Ramos Filho CF, Novis SA; Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of criteria used for presumptive diagnosis of Neurotoxoplasmosis (NT). METHODS: Review of medical records of all patients with a presumptive diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis seen in a tertiary hospital in R.J., Brazil . Diagnosis was based on clinical, serological and computerized
Primary prophylaxis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:383 (abstract no. 2116); Iribarren JA, Arrizabalaga J, Garde C, Rodriguez FJ, Garmendia MT, Cilla G; Hospital N. Sra. Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Spain; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of primary prophylaxis of TE in AIDS patients or with advanced HIV infection. METHODS: We have evaluated the presence of IgG antibody to Toxoplasma (IgGTx) and the development of TE in all patients diagnosed having AIDS between January 1988-October 1989. We have considered patients underg
Cerebral toxoplasmosis: survival analysis in 41 cases.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:383 (abstract no. 2117); Narciso P, Antonucci G, Armignacco O, Galgani S, Tozzi V, Visco G; L. Spallanzani Hosp. for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of conventional treatment and presence of prognostic clinical and laboratory characteristics affecting survival in AIDS patients (pts) with cerebral toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Since 1987, 41 consecutive pts with cerebral toxoplasmosis were followed up for a mean period of 9 months (range 1-
Relevance of CNS toxoplasmosis as an opportunistic infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:383 (abstract no. 2118); Ismael C, Miguez LA, Signorini DJ, Sion FS, Graca MH, Morais-de-Sa CA; AIDS Referral Center, Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital (UNI-RIO), Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To study epidemiology, clinical features, survival and opportunistic infections (OI) associated with CNS toxoplasmosis. METHODS: We studied 87 (20,4%) individuals diagnosed with CNS toxoplasmosis from 426 AIDS patients (CDC-criteria) attended at our Hospital between Dec 85 and Dec 89. The diagnosis of CNS to
Structural and functional correlations of intestinal coccidioses in AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:383 (abstract no. 2119); Chow K, Reka S, Orenstein JM, Kotler DP; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia U., New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intestinal coccidioses upon small intestinal mucosal architecture, sugar absorption and epithelial cell digestive enzymes in patients with AIDS. METHODS: Jejunal biopsies were obtained from 10 AIDS patients with diarrhea due to the microsporidian, Enterocytozoon bieneusi(MICRO), 7
Antigens of cryptosporidium parvum recognized by immune sera and saliva from HIV infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:384 (abstract no. 2120); Marshall R, Toerner J, Kotler D, Flanigan T; Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; In persons with AIDS, Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp) infection causes life-threatening, continuous diarrhea. In contrast, immunocompetent individuals are able to mount an effective immune response and clear the infection in 2-6 weeks. Experimental infection in mice and clinical data in patients suggest mucosal and serum a
Treatment of gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis with paromomycin.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:384 (abstract no. 2121); Gathe J Jr, Piot D, Hawkins K, Bernal A, Clemmons J, Stool E; Special Disease Unit, Park Plaza Hospital, Houston, Texas USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the efficacy of Paromomycin (P) in the therapy of gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis (GIC) in AIDS patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 23 episodes of GIC in twelve patients over a 24 month period. GIC was confirmed by stool examination with modified acid fast staining and/or histopat
Diclazuril in the treatment of cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:384 (abstract no. 2122); Connolly G, Youle M, Gazzard B; Westminster Hospital, London, England; OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of compassionate use of sodium diclazuril on cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS patients. METHODS: Nine HIV antibody positive patients presenting with persistent cryptosporidial infection previously treated with a macrolide antibiotic who had stool volumes greater than one litre a day w
Association between severe falciparum malaria and human immunodeficiency virus - 1 (HIV-1) infection in Ndola, Zambia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:384 (abstract no. 2123); Simooya OO, Mwendapole RM, Sikateyo B, Mukunyandela M; Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Box 71769, Ndola, Zambia; Severe falciparum malaria is typically a complication of malaria in young children and nonimmune visitors to endemic regions. In Zambia , about 6% of indigenous adults develop cerebral malaria (CM), the most fatal complication of malaria. In view of the high HIV-1 prevalence we decided to explore the possibility of an
Amoebic abscess of the liver in patients infected by HIV. Report of 8 cases and revision of literature.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:385 (abstract no. 2124); Villarreal C, Cano C, Estrada J, Jimenez E; Hospital of Infectious Diseases Medical Center "La Raza" IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To let know that the amoebic abscess of the liver, in spite of being so frequent in our country, is rare in patients infected by HIV. METHODS: A selection was made of all the patients with infection by HIV and amoebic abscess of the liver in a period of 5 years. A clinical variety of HIV was established acco
Invasive Mycobacterium gordonae in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:385 (abstract no. 2126); Barber TW, Farber HW; Division of Infectious Disease, Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; The nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium gordonae is rarely associated with invasive disease; however, of the reported cases, one occurred in an AIDS patient. To determine if, as with other nontuberculous mycobacteria, the incidence of M. gordonae infection had increased in patients infected with HIV, we reviewed
Mycobacterium xenopi infection in AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:385 (abstract no. 2127); Almeida V, Beidas S; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and response to therapy in M. xenopi infection in HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS: From 1985-1989, 143 atypical mycobacterial cultures were reported from the mycobacterial laboratory at Saint Michael s Medical Center. Five of these isolates were identified as M. xenopi. Patient ch
Impact of AIDS on the tuberculosis problem in a urban population in Mexico.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:386 (abstract no. 2128); Avila C, Hernandez M, Galicia A, Herrera E, Sada E, Sepulveda J; Directorate of Epidemiology, Mexico City, Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of HIV infection in Tuberculosis (TB) patients and estimate the risk of developing TB associated with HIV infection. METHODS: Two different populations of TB patients were selected: hospital and community based clinic outpatients. To determine the attributable risk and etiologic
Syphilis - serological and clinical results in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:386 (abstract no. 2129); Meigel W, Plettenberg A, Bahlmann W, Weitz E; Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of syphilis (S) in HIV infected patients (pat) and to describe and interpret the laboratory findings from examinations of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: We investigated 224 HIV inf. pat (10 women, 214 men, 198 were homo- or bisexual) for laboratory and clinical sign
Community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) in intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:386 (abstract no. 2130); Arrizabalaga J, Iribarren JA, Garde C, Rodriguez-Arrondo JF, Idigoras P, Arenzana JM; Hospital N. Sra. Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Spain; OBJECTIVE: Assessing the hospitalization frequency of IVDAs with HIV infection and CAB, the organisms involved, and the different ways of appearance of the clinical pattern. METHODS: The medical records of IVDA and infected by HIV patients, admitted to the AIDS unit of our hospital since its opening in March 1988, have
Pneumococcal bacteremia as a marker for HIV infection without AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:386 (abstract no. 2131); Chirurgi VA, Edelstein H, McCabe R; U. of California, Davis, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Since bacterial infections are more frequent in AIDS than in controls, we investigated whether screening patients or subgroups of patients with pneumococcal bacteremia for HIV infection would be productive. METHODS: Medical records of adults with pneumococcal bacteremia identified from January, 1987 through
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in intravenous drug users (IVDU): the association and impact of HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:387 (abstract no. 2132); Montecalvo MA, Steger KA, McCabe WR, Craven DE; Boston City Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of HIV-1 infection on the clinical course and outcome of S. aureus bacteremia in IVDU. METHODS: Hospitalized IVDU with S. aureus bacteremia were offered testing for HIV-1 antibody and followed prospectively. Standardized data collection forms were used to assess the risk factors, sour
Use of the Groshong catheter in the management of AIDS-related opportunistic infections.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:387 (abstract no. 2133); Freeman E, Moeller L; Davies Medical Center, San Francisco, CA USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the catheter maintenance behaviors and selected physical markers of HIV infected patients with Groshong (Cath-Tech, Davol) catheters. METHODS: A convenience sample (N=35) of patients with CMV retinitis were enrolled in a 12 month prospective study. Markers of disease progression (CD4 counts, p24
Other infections in HIV-positive children from the nosocomial focus in Elista.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:387 (abstract no. 2134); Sidorenko S, Pokrovsky VV; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 3-a, Novogyreyevskaya, Moscow, USSR; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of other infections in children HIV-infected during the nosocomial outbreak in Elista. METHODS: Sera of the children aged from 8 months to 10 years were tested for the presence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus , to Toxoplasma gondii, to HBs and HBe antigens of Hepatitis B-virus in
The development of a nursing elective in HIV infection for undergraduate nursing students.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:387 (abstract no. 2135); Handy C, Smith D; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: An elective in HIV disease was developed for undergraduate nursing students in order to attain two goals: 1. To provide comprehensive information on the spectrum of HIV disease. 2. To provide an avenue for those practitioners to work with persons with HIV infection in a hands on practicum in both inpatient a
Nurse-patient interaction with the terminally ill AIDS patient in palliative and acute care settings.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:388 (abstract no. 2136); Lynch A, Pepler C; Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the nature of the nurse-patient interaction during physical care for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and for patients with terminal cancer on an acute medical unit and in a palliative care setting (PCU). METHODS: Subjects included identified ter
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in tears of patients with AIDS and ATL.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:388 (abstract no. 2137); Kotaro E, Yasuhide S, Reiko O, Makoto S, Hisaharu Y, Mitsuo Y; Department of Immunology, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan; OBJECTIVE: The determination of enzymatic activity associated with purine nucleotide metabolism in tears of patients with retrovirus infection was carried out. METHOD: Approximately 100 mul tear was collected by capillary action with the use of 10 mul glass capillary tube from patients and healthy controls. The colorim
HIV-1 and HTLV-I infection in high risk behavior individuals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:388 (abstract no. 2138); Vidigel PG, Greco DB, Paulino U, Kline RT, Quinn TC; Faculty of Medicine, Federal Univ. of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and interaction of HIV-1 and HTLV-I infection in high risk behavior individuals. METHODS: HIV-1 and HTLV-I seroprevalence were evaluated in 738 patients attending clinic due to risk behavior, symptoms of HIV infection or anxiety related to the AIDS epidemic. Antibodies to HIV-1 and HT
Prognostic value of T cell and T cell subsets in Thais infected early with HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:388 (abstract no. 2139); Sirivichayakul S, Panmoung W, Phanuphak P, Hanvanich M, Ruxrungtham K; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate T cells in HIV infected Thais. 187 patients with newly confirmed HIV infection were studied for CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells at an interval of 4-6 months. Different types of risk behavior and different clinical stages at entry were compared and their progression studied. RESULTS: Initial T and T cel
Validation of the Justice prognostic staging system in Mexican AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:389 (abstract no. 2140); Ponce-de-Leon S, Ponce-de-Leon S, Quinones F, Henne O, Ruiz-Palacios G, Sanchez-Mejorada G; Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion.Mexico City, Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive ability of the Justice prognostic staging system in Mexican AIDS patients. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 98 male AIDS patients who attended the National Institute of Nutrition from February, 1983 to September, 1988. None of them ever received specific antiviral HIV treatment o
Predictive value of total lymphocytes count and serum albumin level for survival in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:389 (abstract no. 2141); Ponce-de-Leon S, Ponce-de-Leon S, Quinones F, Henne O, Sanchez-Mejorada G, Ruiz-Palacios G; Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To establish the value of total lymphocytes count (TLC) and serum albumin level (SAL) as independent predictive features for survival in AIDS patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 113 cases of AIDS diagnosed from 1983 to 1988 according to the CDC criteria, obtaining the TLC and SAL value at the time
Prognosis after acute tubular necrosis (ATN) among patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:389 (abstract no. 2142); Lopes GS, Santos OR, Marques LP, Patricio PJ, Figueiredo WM, Nery AC; Universidade do Rio de Janeiro (UNI-RIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To study the prognosis of patients, belonging to group IV of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification for HIV infection, after renal failure due to ATN. METHODS: Two hundred, fifty-seven patients were studied. Diagnosis of ATN required a sudden elevation of serum creatinine concentration (SCr), n
Electrophysiological screening for peripheral and autonomic nervous system involvement in various stages of HIV-infection: relation to autonomic function tests and autonomic lung function.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:389 (abstract no. 2143); Malessa R, Ohrmann P, Brockmeyer N, Schwendemann G, Rimpel J, Konietzko N; Dept. of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, FRG; OBJECTIVE: HIV-polyneuropathy is common in AIDS and concurrent autonomic nervous system involvement has become a matter of controversial discussion. We therefore evaluated these neurological complications by electrophysiological means and related it to established autonomic function tests and autonomic lung function in
Neuropsychological tests in HIV-patients: which tests?: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:390 (abstract no. 2144); Bellis F, Chavanet P, Giroud M, Brunet M, Portier H; Hopital du Bocage, Dijon; France; OBJECTIVE: To find the most pertinent tests in order to simplify the psychometric analysis of HIV infected patients. METHODS: Patients: HIV-pts were compared with seronegative controls; tests: intelligence quotient (IQ) and the vocabulary tests, graphic-motor efficiency test (Zazzo; 2 subtests) and evaluation of
AIDS in Sudanese children.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:390 (abstract no. 2145); Hashim MS, El-Hag AE, Osman EM, El-Shiekh FS, El-Tilib IA; University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; OBJECTIVE: To detect Hiv positive cases, describe the manifestation and the course of the disease, detect and trace the source of infection and to identify the strain of the virus. METHOD: This is mostly hospital based study, screening eight groups of children considered at risk of having the infection or hazards of co
Speech acquisition in 26 children born to HIV-positive mothers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:390 (abstract no. 2146); Condini A, Cattelan C, Axia G, Laverda AM, D'Urso MR, Viero F; Child Neuropsychiatry Service, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Italy; OBJECTIVE: Twenty-six children born to HIV-positive mothers (13 infected, 13 non-infected; age range 18-30 months) were studied for speech development. Between infected and non-infected children, we did not find statistically significant differences in the Development Quotient (Brunet-Lezine scale) values, although ana
Evaluation of psychological needs among HIV patients (P) and health care providers in a division of infectious diseases (DID).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:390 (abstract no. 2147); Misrachi A, Josse E, Matot JP, Clumeck N; Div. of Infectious Diseases, St. Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; In order to evaluate the role of a psychologist and the need for psychological support among in- and out-P followed in a specialized AIDS center, we collected prospectively during a one-year period the following informations: 1) Number and type of support given by the psychologist to the P and the relatives. 2) Need fo
HIV-infection and psychosis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:391 (abstract no. 2148); Naber D, Riedel RR, Niederecker M; Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich, West-Germany; Although numerous case reports on psychotic symptoms in HIV-positive patients have been published, there is considerable disagreement on incidence or prevalence of psychosis in HIV-infected subjects. Patient population consisted of 576 HIV-positive subjects (240 in early, 336 in late stages of infection). They were eit
3'-azido-3'deoxythimidine (AZT) therapy reduces HIV replication in treated patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:391 (abstract no. 2150); Escaich S, Ritter J, Retornaz G, Sepetjan M, Trepo C; INSERM Unite 271, Lyon, France; OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown the efficacy of treatment by AZT in HIV infection. Efficiency of AZT was documented by its clinical benefits and by the reduction of p24 antigenemia. In this study, we have looked for the antiviral effect of AZT in infected subjets by monitoring prospectively HIV isolation from per
Evaluation of zidovudinaemia and of some serological parameters in patients treated for at least 18 months.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:391 (abstract no. 2151); Icardi G, Piersantelli N, Rizzo F, Guida B, Cassola G, Marchetto E; Inst Hyg Prev Med, Genoa, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV infection evolution in anti-HIV positive patients treated with Zidovudine for at least 18 months. METHODS: From the beginning of this study (Sept. 87) 135 patients have been enrolled to be treated with AZT (1200 mg/die). Among them, 5 died between the 9th and 15th month of follow-up, while 50 s
HIV: its influence on lower genital tract neoplasia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:392 (abstract no. 2152); Smith JR, Botcherby M, Hepburn M, James M, Byrne M, Wells C, Mason P, Forster SM; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, England; A high incidence of cervical dysplasia has been noted in HIV seropositive women. We have enrolled a group of 43 HIV seropositive women and, to date, a case matched control group of 10 HPV seronegative women matched for risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). These risk factors include age
Bleomycin plus zidovudine therapy for advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:392 (abstract no. 2153); Knani L, Gonzalez-Canali G, Bouslama K, Varette C, Navarro-Carola E, Roussard P, Picard O, Imbert JC; Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; Prior opportunistic infections (OI) and CD4 cell count less than 300/mm3 are poor prognosis factors for response in AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) to interferon-alpha (INF-a) alone or associated with Zidovudine ( AZT ). Between 06/88 and 12/89 we treated 18 consecutive patients (pts) with advanced AIDS-related KS w
Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the Bangui clinical definition.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:392 (abstract no. 2154); Sow S, Diouf G, Faye/Ndao MA, Coll AM; Faculty of Medicine - University of Dakar - Senegal; OBJECTIVE: To determine sensitivity and specificity of the Bangui clinical definition; To appreciate predictive value of different criteria of the Bangui clinical definition. METHODS: Reviewed investigation of check-sample cases: all seropositive symptomatic patients hospitalized in Infectious Diseases Service between
Results of screening for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:392 (abstract no. 2155); Fisher E, Nussbaum J, Frasier K; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA; OBJECTIVE: Screen for CMV retinitis (CR) in ambulatory persons with HIV (P) who lack symptoms of CR and have either CD4 lymphocyte counts/mm3 (CD4) less than 200 or declining clinical status. METHOD: P were referred from the HIV clinic to Ophthalmology CMV screening clinic over 6 mos (57 P had 1 exam, 6 P had 2). RESUL
The Rorschach test in differential diagnosis of HIV organical brain pathology.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:393 (abstract no. 2156); de Bertolini C, Baldo M, Rupolo GP, Francavilla E; University of Padua, Padua, Italy; This study has been carried on with a group of subjects in treatment for HIV infection at the Regional Centre for AIDS at the University Hospital of Padua ( Italy ). All the patients under observation, who had previously undergone a psychodynamical approach focused on repeated interviews, were submitted, by the authors
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (FANSIDAR) in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:393 (abstract no. 2157); Zubero Z, Arrizabalaga J, Iribarren JA, Garde C, Santamaria JM, Munoz J; Hospital Civil de Basurto. Bilbao. Spain; OBJECTIVE: Assessing the efficiency of Fansidar in preventing PCP relapses. METHODS: During the period comprised between January 1988 and August 1989, 42 patients presenting PCP started a secondary prophylaxis with Fansidar, one tablet a week, independent from the drugs used to treat the acute episode. In January 1990,
Maternal HIV infection and drug use associated with an increased incidence of twin gestation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:393 (abstract no. 2158); Wiznia A, Gurdin P, Bolasogno P, Greene M, King L, Rendon M; Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of twins in foster children born to HIV-infected, drug using mothers. METHOD: The birth records of 80 children born to HIV infected mothers who are currently enrolled in the Leake and Watts specialized foster care program were evaluated for multiple births and HIV status. RESULTS: O
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in patients with liver cirrhosis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:393 (abstract no. 2159); Taburet AM, Naveau S, Zorza G, Colin JN, Chaput JC, Singlas E; Clinical Pharmacy Bicetre Hospital, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: The pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) was investigated in patients with hepatic failure after single dose oral administration (200 mg). METHODS: Fourteen HIV seronegative patients with cirrhosis were included. They were divided in three groups according to the severity of the liver disease quantitated by
Findings and management in 50 HIV-infected patients with positive oral candida cultures.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:394 (abstract no. 2160); Silverman S Jr, Luangjarmekorn L, Gallo J, Migliorati C; University of California, San Francisco, California USA; OBJECTIVE: Oral candidiasis is a common complication of HIV-infected individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings and to assess the impact on efficacy of antifungal treatment. METHODS: This preliminary report describes findings in 50 HIV-positive, candida culture positive subj
Spectrum of clinical manifestations of cryptococcal neoformans meningitis in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:394 (abstract no. 2161); Nelson M, Bower M, Hawkins D, Gazzard B; Westminster Hospital, London, England; OBJECTIVE: To review the presenting features of Cryptococcal neoformans meningitis (CNM) in HIV infected patients both at initial presentation and at relapse. METHOD: The clinical manifestations of CNM were reviewed in all patients with CNM who were also HIV positive. RESULTS: Twenty one patients had a diagnosis of CNM
Effects of high-dose glycyrrhizin (SNMC: stronger neominophagen C) on hemophilia patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:394 (abstract no. 2162); Mori K, Sakai H, Suzuki S, Akutsu Y, Ishikawa M, Aihara M, Yokoyama M, Sato Y, Sawada Y, Endo Y, et al; Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Japan; OBJECTIVE: Forty two hemophiliacs with HIV infection were treated with high-dose glycyrrhizin, Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC). METHODS: The dose was 100-200ml of SNMC in twenty one patients and 400-800ml in the other 21. The patients was divided into an asymptomatic carrier (AC) group and AIDS related complex (ARC)/A
Thrush (T) can be prevented in AIDS/ARC patients (pts.): randomized (R) double-blind placebo (P)-controlled study of 100 mg fluconazole (F) daily.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:394 (abstract no. 2163); Lang OS, Greene SI, Stevens DA; AIDS Program, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oropharyngeal candidosis (T) can be prevented by prophylaxis (PR). METHODS: 25 pts. with history greater than or equal to 1 episode T and cleared at outset were R to oral P or 100 mg F/day x 12 wk. Pts. were seen weekly x4, then monthly x2 and when symptomatic. If T, defined by exam plus
The two year progression to PCP in HIV patients with a CD4+ cell count less than or equal to 200x10(6)/l or CD4 % less than or equal to 20.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:395 (abstract no. 2164); Lidman C, Lindback S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Roslagstulls hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: Patients with low CD4+ cell count and/or low percentage CD4+ cells risk AIDS and particularly PCP . Therefore CDC (USA) has recommended primary PCP prophylaxis to HIV patients with CD4+ cell count less than or equal to 200 x 10(6)/l or CD4 % less than or equal to 20. Are these limits equal with regard to pro
Thrush(T) can be prevented in AIDS/ARC patients(pts.): randomized (R) double-blind placebo (P)-controlled study of 100 mg fluconazole (F) daily.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:395 (abstract no. 2165); Lang OS, Greene SI, Stevens DA; AIDS Program, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oropharyngeal candidosis (T) can be prevented by prophylaxis (PR). METHODS: 25 pts. with history greater than or equal to 1 episode T and cleared at outset were R to oral P or 100 mg F/day x 12 wk. Pts. were seen weekly x4, then monthly x2 and when symptomatic. If T, defined by exam plus
Positive and negative changes in response to the threat of AIDS: psychological adjustment as a function of severity of threat and life domain.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:395 (abstract no. 2166); Hart CB, Taylor SE, Kemeny ME, Dudley J; University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: Taylor (1988) posits that individuals facing severe threat interpret threatening information so as to minimize negative implications and maximize benefits. The current study sought to investigate psychological changes in different areas of life and associated with varying levels of threat from AIDS. METHOD:
Treatment of HIV-infection with D-penicillamin.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:395 (abstract no. 2167); Harrer T, Hunzelmann N, Peukert M, Zoor B, Bauer A, Kalden JR; Medizinische Klinik III of the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, FRG; OBJECTIVE: To study clinical, immunological, virological effects and compatibility of D-Penicillamin in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS: 10 HIV-1-infected patients (WR1:2, WR2:5, WR3:2, WR4:1) were treated. 7 received D-Penicillamin orally in an escalating dose up to 1800 mg/d for 8 weeks. 3 patients were treated 47,
African histoplasmosis in three HIV patients (P).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:396 (abstract no. 2168); Arendt V, Gerard M, Pelseneer J, Gottlob R, Clumeck N; Division of Infectious Diseases, St Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; Disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum (HC) infection in HIV P is well described. In contrast African histoplasmosis has been reported in the setting of AIDS in only 2 P. We report the cases of 3 additional P with Histoplasma duboisii (HD) infection, diagnosed in Belgium . TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTR
Sick and well perinatally HIV infected children and their cognitive development.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:396 (abstract no. 2169); Nozyce M, Wiznia A, Caffrey B, Caspe W; Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess cognitive development in sick and well perinatally HIV infected children. METHODS: The Pediatric HIV unit at Bronx- Lebanon Hospital currently provides comprehensive care to 90 children from a low SES community where a multiplicity of economic and social problems exist. Twenty-seven of these childr
HIV status and clinical characteristics of patients with acute peripheral facial nerve palsy as seen at Kenyatta National Hospital.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:396 (abstract no. 2170); Amayo E, Kwasa TO, Gilks CK; Department of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya; OBJECTIVE: To determine the HIV status, and the clinical characteristics of patients with peripheral facial nerve palsy. METHODS: Between April to December 1989 32 consecutive patients referred to the Neurology clinic with acute peripheral facial nerve palsy were studied. To each patient HIV antibodies were tested by b
Dependence of AIDS-related brain lesions upon the presence of HIV-1 in the central nervous system.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:396 (abstract no. 2171); Gosztonyi G, Artigas J; Institute of Neuropathology, Free University, Berlin, Germany; OBJECTIVE: To differentiate direct effects of HIV and opportunistic pathogens from the indirect ones in AIDS encephalopathy. METHODS: Brains and spinal cords of 50 selected patients with HIV-1 infection, 90% of them with neurological symptoms, were morphologically examined by means of conventional histology, immunohist
HIV-associated psychosis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:397 (abstract no. 2172); Harris MJ, Sewell DD, Atkinson JH, Grant I, Heaton R, Jeste DV; University of California, San Diego, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study new onset psychotic symptoms, not secondary to a primary psychiatric or medical disorder, which occur in HIV-positive and AIDS patients. There is little information in the literature regarding this. METHOD: We reviewed case reports in the literature, retrospectively reviewed the cases in our medical
Subjective sleep disturbance in HIV illness.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:397 (abstract no. 2173); Brown S, Atkinson H, Gutierrez R, Pace P, Grant I, McCutchan J; University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Ca., USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of sleep complaints in HIV+ and HIV- homosexual men and community controls. METHODS: HIV+ and HIV- ambulatory homosexual men (N=97) in a longitudinal cohort study and a heterosexual control group (N=18) were examined with the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales. Participan
Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:397 (abstract no. 2174); Falco V, Fernandez de Sevilla T, Alegre J, Ocana I, Ferrer A, Martinez-Vazquez JM; Services of Internal Medicine-Infectious Disease Unit. Hospital Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. Spain; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiologic agents of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. METHODS: We have studied prospectively all cases of bacterial pneumonia in HIV infected patients between February 1988 and April 1989. Information from each patient includes the clinical and physical
Seroconversion and PCR amplification of HIV-1 provirus among hemophiliacs receiving factor VIII concentrate.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:397 (abstract no. 2175); Keable H, Ferreira O, Sheridan K, Growe G, Tsoukas C, Bianco C; The New York Blood Center, New York, USA; Seroconversion of hemophiliacs receiving Factor VIII concentrate to HIV-1 has been documented. However, virally inactivated products could contain non-infective HIV-1 antigens capable of inducing an immune response and positive serology without proviral integration. To examine this possibility, the PCR technique was us
Natural progression of CD4 values among HIV-infected children with advanced symptoms.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:398 (abstract no. 2176); Wright M, Connor E, Roach B, Oleske J; Children's Hospital of New Jersey and UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the longitudinal changes in CD4 values among children with advanced symptomatic HIV infection. METHODS: Longitudinal CD4, %CD4 and CD4/CD8 were collected for 27 children prospectively followed in the Children s Hospital AIDS Program (1981-1989) who had CDC defined AIDS or advanced ARC. Those with
High dose continuous IV infusions of soluble CD4 (sCD4).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:398 (abstract no. 2177); Sun W, Virani N, Hawkes C, Wagner K, Oster C, Tramont E, Burke D, Redfield R;; INTRODUCTION: sCD4 (SK7F 106528) is a recombinant DNA CHO cell line derived extracellular portion of the native CD4 molecule that binds HIV gp120 and blocks HIV infection and syncythia formation of CD4(+) cell lines. OBJECTIVE: Because the in vitro anti-viral effects are generally seen at higher concentrations (greater
Clinical response to DDI in patients failing zidovudine (AZT) therapy because of zidovudine-resistant HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:398 (abstract no. 2178); Bach MC, Dunkle LM; Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA; Six of seven patients with documented in vitro resistant HIV to zidovudine (IC50 4.98-16.1) responded clinically to DDI therapy. These patients were all clinically failing while on AZT without any evidence of underlying opportunistic infections or tumors. HIV isolates taken prior to DDI therapy were sensitive to DDI in
Anti-HIV1 protective reactivity mediated by monoclonal antibodies against p24-core-protein.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:398 (abstract no. 2179); Grunow R, Franke L, Marx U, Dopel H, Jondal M, von Baehr R; Humboldt Univ. Berlin, Med. School, Dept. of Immunology, GDR; OBJECTIVE: A panel of murine and human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has been developed against p24 core protein of the HIV-1. These mabs were studied with regard to their protective reactivity in HIV-infected cell cultures and in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). METHODS: The murine mabs were ob
[No title listed].: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:399 (abstract no. 2180); Hernandez VR, Gagnon T; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Investigate the extent of AIDS/HIV awareness and education in a medium security penal institution with a male population. From this information, design a comprehensive health program for inmates and penal institution staff. METHODS: The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire distributed to a rand
Radiotherapy for the treatment of AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma: an updated analysis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:399 (abstract no. 2181); Quivey JM, Wara WM, Berson AM; University of California, Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: The optimization of radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of Kaposi s sarcoma requires an in-depth analysis of tumor response, complications, and cost of different regimens. METHODS: A retrospective review of 300 patients with AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma treated with radiation therapy at the University
Brief versus long-term psychotherapeutic intervention among HIV patients: what are the indications?: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:399 (abstract no. 2182); Matot JP, Misrachi A, Josse E, Dopchie N; St Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium; The wide variety of HIV patients psychological needs led us to point out several criteria enabling the choice between brief or long-term psychotherapeutic interventions (defined by the number and frequency of sessions). This work results from our clinical activity as psychoanalytical therapists with HIV in- and outpati
Mood changes during blinded peptide T testing.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:399 (abstract no. 2183); Linde R, Mayer K, Parker ES, Moon M, Bridge P; Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To ascertain mood related change in 32 CDC Group IV HIV patients receiving intranasal Peptide T (D-ala-1-peptide-T-amide), a homologue of VIP and gp-120, and a gp-120 receptor blocker. METHODS: Patients were given intranasal Peptide T (1.2, 6, or 30 mg/day) in a random dose assignment, blinded, placebo contr
Immune abnormalities of hemophiliacs in relation to HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:400 (abstract no. 2184); Akao M, Yorifuji H, Hada M, Ikematsu S, Fujimaki M; Tokyo Medical College, Dept. of Clinical Pathology, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunopathogenic mechanisms of HIV-1 infection in hemophiliacs, we have done multiple immunological analyses according to CDC classification. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: During 7 months period (1988/89), 82 hemophiliacs (age 6-64) were involved in this study. The following immunological paramete
Proviral HIV-1 sequences show rapid evolution in env and strong selection for function.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:400 (abstract no. 2185); Balfe P, Simmonds P, Bishop JO, Leigh Brown AJ; Dept. of Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland; Use of a double PCR technique has allowed us to sequence directly amplification products of individual HIV provirus molecules obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In contrast to published claims, we have observed a very low frequency of defective molecules: 1 frameshift and 1 stop codon only in a t
Sexual practices of females involved in multipartner sexual contacts in urban areas of Ethiopia in relation to HIV transmission.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:402 (abstract no. 3000); Kidan AG, Khodakevich L, Negassa H, Mengistu M, Bekele S, Fekerte B, Hawlte B; Ministry of Health, Department of AIDS Control, Ethiopia; OBJECTIVE: To obtain base line data on sexual practices of females involved in multipartner sexual contacts (MPSC) in major towns of Ethiopia in relation to the spread of HIV infection. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Randomly selected females working mainly at bars from 23 towns of Ethiopia were interviewed during the second ha
Differences in stated behavior of female and male IVDUs.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:402 (abstract no. 3001); Anderson R, Jain S, Flynn N, Bailey V, Sweha A, Wicks S; Univ. Ca., Davis, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study stated behavioral differences between female and male IVDUs as captured by our questionnaire. METHODS: Educational/behavioral questionnaires were administered to IVDUs (769) and their sexual partners (116) attending drug treatment programs (DTP) in Sacramento, CA. Subjects were interviewed from 8/87
Sex, drug use and HIV infection. Patterns among Filipino men and women at high risk.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:402 (abstract no. 3002); Bagasao TM, Monzon OT, Giannone P; Kabalikat ng Pamilyang Pilipino Foundation, Metro Manila, Philippines; OBJECTIVE: To describe the AIDS related knowledge and attitudes and the risk taking behaviors of men and women sex workers in the Philippines as inputs to ongoing development of appropriate and effective programs and strategies. METHODS: 640 women randomly selected from the government social hygiene clinic and 250 men
HIV transmission in covert homosexual behavior amongst "closeted" homosexual/bisexual men.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:402 (abstract no. 3003); Bennett GP; Westmead Hospital/AIDS Council of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH: To identify the degree to which covert homosexual/bisexual men in western Sydney were at risk for HIV transmission and what AIDS prevention strategies might be effective in targeting these men. METHODS: Social survey techniques were used and subjects were recruited from 2 sources: anonymous meeti
Prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:403 (abstract no. 3004); Berman SM, Sterk C, Galavotti C; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To report progress to date of projects to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. METHODS: Eight demonstration projects evaluate and facilitate the use of contraception among women who are infected with HIV or at highest risk of becoming infected. RESULTS: The projects are a major vehicle for CDC to develop peri
Bisexuality and risk behavior in Lima, Peru.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:403 (abstract no. 3005); Bossio L, Gilvonio J, Carovano K; Movimiento Homosexual de Lima, Peru; OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of bisexual behavior among those men having sex with men and to compare levels of knowledge, perception of risk and sexual behaviors of gay and bisexual men in Lima, Peru . METHODS: A simple KAP survey was utilized to survey men in public social settings frequented by men who have s
Utilization of addiction treatment services among active intravenous drug users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:403 (abstract no. 3006); Carney A, Solomon L, Vlahov D, Cohn S; ALIVE Study, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the utilization and demand for mental health counseling and addiction referral services, among IV drug users (IVDUs). METHODS: IVDUs, recruited from extensive community outreach into a longitudinal study of HIV infection, were informed during the course of a study visit, of the availability of m
Self-deferral of blood donors in Latium, Italy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:403 (abstract no. 3007); Chierchini P; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the introduction of a self-deferral procedure (SDP) of blood donors in the Latium Region. METHODS: Blood donations are routinely tested for HIV since 1985. From January to June 1989, 46,741 candidates to donation (32,168 new [ND] and 13,577 repeat donors [RD]) underwent SDP, based
HIV status and risk behaviors among women sexual partners of IVDU's in Puerto Rico.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:404 (abstract no. 3008); Colon H, Robles R, Aponte L, Matos T; Research Institute, Department of Anti Addiction Services, San Juan, Puerto Rico; OBJECTIVE: To examine the AIDS epidemiology and reported risk behaviors of female sexual partners (FSP) of IV drug users in Puerto Rico and discuss how these results help in planning and developing HIV prevention policies. METHODS: As part of risk reduction research demonstration project, funded by NIDA, 200 FSP of IVD
Cocaine use among London prostitutes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:404 (abstract no. 3009); Day S, Ward H, Mezzone J, Donegan C, Hanson L, Harris JR; Jefferiss Wing Clinic, London W2, UK; OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of cocaine use in relation to HIV risks. METHODS: Two groups of prostitutes were interviewed about drug use: 86 participants in a clinic study of HIV/STD risk (gp.A); 64 participants in a non-clinic study on the streets of West London (gp.B). Follow-up interviews were conducted with a s
Sexual behaviour in international travellers - a pilot study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:404 (abstract no. 3010); Conway SC, Slack RC, Gillies PA; University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK; OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of risk behaviours for HIV transmission amongst international travellers & identify risk factors for such behaviour. METHODS: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was sent to an age-sex stratified random sample of 978 patients aged 16-40, from 5 family doctors lists. Informat
A follow-up study of drug addicts undergoing compulsory treatment in Stockholm 1986-1989.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:404 (abstract no. 3011); Fugelstad A, Agren G; Sabbatsberg and S:t Goran Hospitals, Stockholm, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: To study mortality, HIV incidence/status and ongoing drug abuse profile in a cohort of compulsory treated drug addicts. METHODS: Patients comprised of all drug addicts in Stockholm treated 1986-1988 according to the Swedish law on compulsory social care of alcohol and drug abusers (LVM). LVM is applied in sp
Psychological factors contributing to adolescents' perceptions of AIDS risk.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:405 (abstract no. 3012); Gladis M, Michela J, Walter H, Vaughan R, Kasen S, Exner T, Ragin D, Ehrhardt A; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess adolescents perceptions of their risk of contracting AIDS and to examine factors that may be associated with the tendency to minimize or misperceive this risk. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 296 tenth-graders from high schools in New York City and a neighboring suburban county. This q
What services are Glasgow street prostitutes paid for?: an ethnographic study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:405 (abstract no. 3013); Green ST, Goldberg D, Christie P, Thomson A; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, UK; It is frequently assumed that prostitutes services exclusively involve conventional sex (eg intercourse, orogenital sex, masturbation). From May 1988 to April 1989, 71 street prostitutes (76% drug injectors) were interviewed in detail concerning services clients paid for other than those above. These included: - stripp
Intravenous drug users in France: a sample survey of AIDS-related behavior and knowledge attitudes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:405 (abstract no. 3014); Guiguet M, Cohen M, Wells J, Valleron AJ; Centre Cooperateur de Donnees sur l'Immunodeficience Humaine, INSERM SC4 and U263, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To describe the knowledge and the behavior of intravenous drug users. METHODS: A French national sample of 2294 subjects, age 16-50, was administrated an anonymous questionnaire during a personal interview on knowledge and risk behaviors related to AIDS. RESULTS: 41 people report intravenous drug use (IDU).
Changes in sexual behavior of heterosexual men and women with multiple (private and commercial) partners: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:405 (abstract no. 3015); Hooykaas C, Van der Pligt J, Van der Linden MM, Van Doornum GJ, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe changes in sexual behavior of heterosexual men and women with multiple partners. METHODS: Between October 1987 and April 1989, heterosexual men and women with 5 or more sexual partners were recruited at a STD-clinic. In 20 months 512 heterosexuals entered the study,
Adolescent school-based AIDS knowledge and attitude survey.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:406 (abstract no. 3016); Hudson R, Freeman A, Krepcho M, Petty A; Dallas Cnty. Health Dept., Dallas, TX USA; OBJECTIVE: A 1989 survey of secondary school populations tested knowledge on HIV, condoms, transmission, risk perception, and prevention. METHODS: A 94 question survey was designed and administered to students in 2 public school districts grades 7-12. RESULTS: The 874 students ages ranged from 11 to 20; all major ethni
Age and ethnic differences in HIV-risk behaviors and knowledge of IV-drug users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:406 (abstract no. 3017); Humfleet GL, Rhodes F, Baker J, Martin D; AIDS Research and Education Project, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine age and ethnic differences in HIV-related risk behaviors, history of drug use, and HIV-related knowledge of IV-drug users. METHODS: As a part of an ongoing outreach education project, 567 IV-drug users participated in a standardized interview prior to counseling/education. The interview assessed d
Survey of sexual behavior risk factors for HIV infection in incarcerated adolescents.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:406 (abstract no. 3018); Huscroft S, Morris R, Re O, Baker C, Aquino K, Roseman J; County of Los Angeles/Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA, USA; OBJECTIVES: To assess high risk factors for HIV infection related to sexual behavior. To use such data to assist in the development of early intervention educational programs for high risk youth. METHODS: The minors in Los Angeles County juvenile halls who requested counseling about AIDS and the Voluntary Testing Progr
Safe sex practices of female partners of hemophilic men.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:406 (abstract no. 3019); Killinger JF, Kroner BL, White GC 2d, Hilgartner MW, Goedert JJ; NCI Multicenter Study of AIDS in Hemophilia, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current sexual practices of female sexual partners (FSP) of HIV-infected men with hemophilia. METHODS: Confidential self-administered questionnaire data collected in 1988-89 from 135 FSP were examined for compliance with various safe-sex strategies. RESULTS: 15 (11%) of the FSP were HIV-positive
Study of sexual behavior and HIV infection in a population of Tanzania bordering HIV-1 endemic areas.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:407 (abstract no. 3020); Konings E, Siso Z, Brubaker G, Anderson R, Kibauri D, Matongo S, Massessa E, Shao J, Scott G, Clayton Y, et al; London, UK; OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate heterogeneity in heterosexual activity and rates of partner change in urban, rural and potentially high risk populations, aged 15 to 49, of the Tarime District, NW Tanzania . (2) to look at the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis in these populations with regards to sexual behavior.
AIDS education towards young people in six French cities.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:407 (abstract no. 3021); Lert F, Lert H; Lab GESTE-SP, INSERM U88, Saint-Maurice, France; OBJECTIVES: French policy regarding AIDS education towards adolescents remained unclear until 1988 despite young people were considered as a target group. The aim of the study was to describe: 1) AIDS education activities towards different groups of young people in different social and epidemiological environments; 2)
Incidence of pregnancies among anti HIV+ women aware of their seropositivity in Italy (Apulia).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:407 (abstract no. 3022); Lo Caputo S, Salamina G, Grisorio B, Resta F, Fera G, Potenza D, Cataldini S, Angarano G, Pastore G, Schiraldi O; Apulian Infectivologic Collaborative Group for AIDS-Clinic of Infectious Diseases Univ. Bari-Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of pregnancies and their progression in women aware of their seropositivity in relation to preventive measures adopted in a multicenter study set up in a region of South Italy (Apulia). METHODS: 227 women, representing 18.1% of the total population of seropositive subjects studied, hav
AIDS anxiety and risky sexual practices in sex industry intravenous drug users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:407 (abstract no. 3023); London J, Wolfe R, Sorensen JL, Choi KH; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare sex industry intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with other IVDUs on attitudes about AIDS, sexual practices and risk reduction efforts. METHOD: Ninety eight IVDUs (64 men and 34 women) enrolled in a 21-day outpatient treatment program were interviewed. Two of its men and 13 of its women were sex indust
Blood donor recruitment in Africa - meeting the AIDS challenge.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:408 (abstract no. 3024); Mangwire I, Wallace B, Gabra G, McAllister K; Zimbabwe Red Cross, Harare, Zimbabwe; OBJECTIVE: To identify the main constraints limiting donation of blood by low-risk donors in Anglophone Africa, in order to develop health education and marketing strategies which will enable the creation of a low-risk pool of regular donors. METHODS: Focus group research on groups of donors, lapsed donors and non-dono
Predictors of safe needle use among intravenous drug users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:408 (abstract no. 3025); Margolis E, Catanzarite L, Biernacki P, Feldman HW; Youth Environment Study (YES), San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of safe needle use among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). Safe needle use (SAVEIV) was defined as: always cleaning needles with bleach, alcohol or boiling water; or never sharing needles. METHODS: Structured interviews were completed with 752 out-of-treatment IVDUs. Contingency table an
Characteristics of IV-drug users returning for follow-up and those lost to follow-up in a community research study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:408 (abstract no. 3026); Martin DJ, Rhodes F, Humfleet G; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To identify differing characteristics (demographic, AIDS-risk) of IV-drug users returning for six-month follow-up and those who failed to return. METHODS: Standard initial-interview data on selected demographic, drug-use, and drug- and sex-related AIDS-risk behaviors were compared in IV-drug users who subseq
The relationship between HIV risk behaviors and perception of infection risk among intravenous drug users (IVDU's).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:408 (abstract no. 3027); McBride DC, McKay CY, McCoy CB, Chitwood DD; Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA; OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between risk behaviors and perceptions of risk for HIV infection in a street population of intravenous drug users in Miami, Florida. METHODS: The sample consisted of 718 IVDU s not in treatment who had used drugs IV within the last six months. Wh
The relationship between partner status, sexual practices and reported condom use among men in Trinidad and Tobago.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:409 (abstract no. 3028); McCombie S, Helquist M, Woods W, Renaud D, Cleghorn F; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors related to the use of condoms among men at risk for HIV in Trinidad and Tobago . METHODS: 303 men attending an STD clinic and 22 men attending an HIV clinic in Port of Spain , Trinidad were interviewed abou
A comparison of HIV related risk behaviour between a non-clinic sample of injecting drug users and attenders at a needle exchange clinic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:409 (abstract no. 3029); McKeganey NP, Barnard MA; Social Paediatric and Obstetric Research Unit, University of Glasgow, Scotland; OBJECTIVE: To compare relative levels of HIV related risk behaviour between injecting drug users in contact with a needle exchange service and those purchasing injecting equipment at a retail pharmacy located in an area where drug injecting is widespread. METHODS: Semi structured interviews with 102 individuals within
Determining factors of the changes in information, attitude and practices concerning STD and AIDS. A prospective study among university students in Paris.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:409 (abstract no. 3030); Menares J, Echevarria P, Chwalow J; INSERM Unite 263. 2 Pl Jussieu 75251 Paris Cedex 05 France; OBJECTIVE: Exploration of the knowledge, attitude and practice of University students about health, STD and AIDS. Study of the factors of change from 1988 to 1993. Creation of a dynamic link with the students allowing health education recommendation regularly assessed and adjusted. METHODS: The interviews, the group di
Ethnographic study of homosexual practices in men from Mexico.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:409 (abstract no. 3031); Palacios M, Izazola J, Ramos M, Mondragon M, Ramirez O, Ramah M; General Directorate of Epidemiology. Ministry of Health. Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To describe behavioral patterns in men with AIDS risky sexual practices to determine a psycho-social typology for proposing targetted alternative education. METHODS: A qualitative anthropological study based on the analysis of results obtained in previous quantitative and qualitative studies and on interview
AIDS related risks and the sex industry: a Scottish study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:410 (abstract no. 3032); Morgan Thomas R, Plant MA, Plant ML, Sales J; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which sex workers and their clients in Edinburgh engage in AIDS related risk activities. METHODS: Single phase, cross sectional survey. Respondents were self-identified sex workers (108 males, 179 females) and clients (206 males, 3 females), contacted by a non-random method ( snowb
Impact of an STD/AIDS health education programme among four groups of women working as prostitutes in Kenya.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:410 (abstract no. 3033); Ngugi EN, Njeru EK, Kariuki A, Plummer FA, Moses S, Muchunga EK; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of STD/AIDS health education and condom promotion programmes targeted at women working as prostitutes in altering behaviour and reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. METHODS: A total of 462 women working as prostitutes in 4 different locations in Kenya
HIV-related knowledge and attitudes among female prostitutes and sexual partners of IV drug users in San Juan and Juarez.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:410 (abstract no. 3034); Pares-Avila J, Harrold L, Ramos R, Gonzalez A, Hammett T, Hunt D, Sifre S; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Identification of differences in sociodemographic and cultural factors among women at high risk for HIV infection in San Juan, PR and Juarez, Mexico . METHODS: As part of a U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded AIDS outreach and intervention project, standardized data on sexual and drug use behaviors,
The risk of AIDS-transmission by blood-transfusion as seen by the transfusion recipient.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:410 (abstract no. 3035); Delord Y, Diallo M, Reviron D, Auquier P, Cotte G, San Marco JL; CRTS, Marseilles, France; OBJECTIVE: The risk of AIDS-transmission by blood-transfusion is now considered to be very small. However, the perception of that risk by the transfusion-recipient should perhaps not be neglected. We have therefore studied, within the framework of a more general enquiry into the experience of transfusion from the recip
Stressors, social supports and risk behaviors of runaway and gay youths.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:411 (abstract no. 3036); Rosario M, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Bradley J, Koopman C; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, NY, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the stressful events, social supports and high risk behaviors of runaway and gay youths because HIV prevention efforts for adolescents engaging in multiple risk behaviors may be hampered by youths numbers of stressful events and may be related to their social supports. METHOD: Forty-seven male and
Why some do not return for their HIV test results: a summary of 3 studies.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:411 (abstract no. 3037); Rugg D, Higgins DL, Schnell D, Sweet D, Hovell M, Fagan R, Miller R, Becerra J, Parga J, Quinones H; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of failure to return for HIV test results from 3 separate studies. METHODS: 3 separate studies using similar psychosocial, behavioral and demographic questions (with Spanish translations) and self-administered questionnaire methods were conducted in California (5 sites, n=2,916),
Condom use and AIDS-related knowledge and behaviors among patients of an inner city public STD clinic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:411 (abstract no. 3038); Steinberg J, Howland J, Hingson R, Moye J, McNiff K, Britton G; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the condom use, sexual and substance using behaviors, and knowledge of AIDS of patients of an inner city, public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. METHODS: Patients presenting to an inner city STD clinic during specified times of each clinic session were asked to complete a 30 minute, i
Adolescent medical patients: risk for HIV infection, medical awareness of risk, and HIV testing.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:411 (abstract no. 3039); Stiffman AR; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; OBJECTIVE: This paper examines the extent to which adolescents in primary care had behavioral risk indicators for HIV infection, clinic awareness of that risk, and HIV testing. METHODS: Subjects, from ten cities across the United States , were selected for interviews in the order that they presented for health care, be
A pilot programme of education on AIDS in secondary schools aimed at adolescents.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:412 (abstract no. 3040); Urcelay A, Elizalde B, Zubia I, Urturi M, Basterrechea M, Zulaica D; Servicio Vasco de Salud. San Sebastian. Spain; OBJECTIVE: To improve the knowledge of the students and to encourage the adoption of appropriate attitudes and behaviour for the prevention of HIV infection and discrimination. METHODS: The programme on AIDS, carried out with 500 adolescents of both sexes in schools in the Basque Country ( Spain ), was developed i
Homosexual men and blood donating.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:412 (abstract no. 3041); Valle SL, Sarna S; University of Helsinki, Finland; OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of voluntary, unpaid blood donating in a cohort of homosexual men (HOS) before and during a follow-up study in 1983-1989 in Helsinki, Finland . METHODS: Serial interviews (1-6) of 302 HOS by the same investigator (S-L V). Instructions for HOS on voluntary abstaining from blood dona
Behavioral change in addicted prostitute women.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:412 (abstract no. 3042); Van den Hoek A, van Haastrecht HJ, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: To study sexual behavioral changes among addicted prostitutes participating in a longitudinal study. METHODS: From December 1985 to April 1989 151 female drug users enrolled in a longitudinal study. 127/151 women had a history of prostitution and 104/127 women had been prostituting in the six months precedin
Knowledge of universal precautions for bloodborne infections among health-care workers at long-term care facilities.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:412 (abstract no. 3043); Villarino ME, Giuliano D, Jarvis W; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To prevent HIV and other bloodborne infections in health-care workers (HCW), the CDC has recommended that universal precautions (UP)--control measures designed to treat all patients as potentially infective--be used in all health care settings. This study was designed to assess knowledge of UP among HCW at l
Homosexual behaviour in a cohort of gay and bisexual men in England and Wales.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:413 (abstract no. 3044); Weatherburn P, Coxon AP, Davies PM, Hunt AJ, McManus TJ; University College of Wales, Cardiff, UK; OBJECTIVE: To estimate the norms of sexual behaviour in a cohort of gay and bisexual men in England and Wales particularly safer sexual behaviour. METHODS: Interviews about sexual behaviour were obtained from gay and bisexual men, 310 in London and 620 outside London. RESULTS: Sexual behaviour is found to be significan
Drugs and AIDS - the Swiss public opinion.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:413 (abstract no. 3045); Zimmermann E, Hausser D, Jeangros C, Zeugin P; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; OBJECTIVE: In most major Swiss cities sterile syringes have been available in pharmacies or through needle exchange programs since 1987. Remaining opposition to general distribution of clean syringes comes from politicians who argue that public opinion is unfavorable to this kind of AIDS prevention. METHODS: Late 1989,
Voluntary HIV testing program for incarcerated adolescents in Los Angeles County.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:413 (abstract no. 3046); Baker C, Huscroft S, Morris R, Re O, Schultz B, Zeljkovic S; County of Los Angeles/Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if minors who perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV infection after education and counseling will seek testing within a juvenile detention facility. METHODS: Group AIDS education classes were conducted by health care staff within Los Angeles County juvenile halls. These minors were offered i
Nationwide trends in numbers of HIV tests and positive tests at publicly funded counseling and testing sites, U.S., 1988-89.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:413 (abstract no. 3047); Bowen GS, Moore M, Cahill K, Kirby CD; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe trends by demographics, risk exposure, and site type. METHODS: Since 1988, CT data in aggregate form have been reported quarterly by demographic characteristics, risk exposure, and type of testing site. RESULTS: Since 1985, the number of voluntary HIV testing sites has increased from less than 50
Comparison of HIV test results from counseling and testing sites and other health care settings in New Jersey.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:414 (abstract no. 3048); Costa S, Godorov H, Ganges L, O'Connor T; New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey USA; OBJECTIVE: Compare HIV test results and population characteristics from HIV Counseling and Testing sites (CTS) with those from expanded counseling and testing efforts at health care settings in New Jersey from June 1988-August 1989. METHODS: Demographic information without identifiers and HIV test results were collecte
Determinants of HIV testing at an inner city prenatal clinic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:414 (abstract no. 3049); DeBuono B, DeCiantis ML, Maynard E, Oh W; Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA; OBJECTIVE: Pediatric HIV infection is emerging as an increasing problem in Rhode Island with most cases occurring due to perinatal transmission from an infected mother. A survey for risk factors coupled with simultaneous blinded testing for HIV infection was conducted at Women & Infants Hospital (WIH). Prenatal cli
Back-calculation projections of the Los Angeles County AIDS epidemic using a Lotus spreadsheet.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:414 (abstract no. 3050); Bregman D, Kerndt PR, Waterman S; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple method for projecting the Los Angeles County (LAC) AIDS epidemic with back-calculation using a Lotus spreadsheet. METHODS: Lotus spreadsheets were used with LAC AIDS cases diagnosed through 1987. The first spreadsheet corrected for underreporting, reporting delays and the 1987 change in t
Transmission of HIV-infection in the male-homosexual population in the USSR.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:414 (abstract no. 3051); Eramova I, Pokrovsky VV; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 3-a,Novogyreyevskaya, Moscow, USSR; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate HIV-infection prevalence among homosexuals in the USSR. METHODS: Western Blot HIV-antibody testing; seropositive gay-men partners notification and questioning. RESULTS: Among 27 male-homosexuals connected by sexual contacts in 1987 4 gay-men turned out to be seropositive. 3 of those 4 had multipl
Physician's attitudes towards HIV screening and contact tracing in the province of Quebec.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:415 (abstract no. 3052); Fortin C, Boyer R, Duval B, Godin G, Nadeau D; Unite de Recherche Clinique sur le Traitement du SIDA, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: Objectives of the study were to measure the acceptability for the physicians of the nominal declaration of asymptomatic seropositive patients and the physicians reaction regarding their involvement in contact tracing. METHODS: A mail survey was conducted from June 12, to July 31, 1989, through a questionnair
HIV transmission among the married women.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:414 (abstract no. 3053); Mohamed M, RaviNathan R, Johnson M, Padmarajan S, Jayapaul K; Institute of Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Madras Medical College, Madras, India; OBJECTIVE: By counselling and contact tracing, the spouses of seropositive men were screened for HIV antibodies in Madras, South India . METHODS: Blood samples were collected from women living with seropositive men attending the institute for the study of STD Government General Hospital, Madras. ELISA was used for scre
The AIDS National Laboratory Network in Mexico: development and control.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:415 (abstract no. 3054); Morales RA, Mosqueira C, Soler C, Garcia ML, Valdespino JL, Sepulveda J; General Directorate of Epidemiology. Ministry of Health. Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To analyze the AIDS National Laboratory Network (ANLN) development and its operation in a Latinamerican country, Mexico s case. METHODS: The structure and number of laboratories in the ANLN, including training programs for laboratory personnel; reagents testing, selection, purchase and distribution; internal
The use of male STD history as an indicator for program monitoring and evaluation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:415 (abstract no. 3055); Sokal D, Kouyate B, Ouedraogo C, Ouedraogo J, Ouaro G, Ouedraogo LH; AIDSTECH/FHI, North Carolina, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop an evaluation methodology for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) analogous to WHO s standardized 30-cluster vaccination coverage survey which is used to evaluate vaccination programs. METHODS: Pilot questionnaires including questions on STD history were administered to 100 male STD patients (MST
Activity of French free and anonymous HIV testing facilities.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:416 (abstract no. 3056); Patris C, Chapellon S, Brunet JB; Ministry of Health, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the activity of the French network of alternative test sites. METHODS: Information on institutional features and individual data (age, sex, serological status) on subjects using the 115 centers created in 1988 are collected annually by the French Ministry of Health. RESULTS: In 1988, 37159 visito
HIV infection in street youth in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: risk behavior and seroprevalence.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:416 (abstract no. 3057); Pinto JA, Greco DB, Paulino UH, Halsey NA, Ruff A, Ribeiro GJ, Antunes C, Adams IK, Souza MA; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: As part of the project: HIV in street youth: epidemiology and prevention , risk behavior for HIV infection was evaluated in a sample of street youth in Belo Horizonte, from March to October, 1989. METHODS: (Survey 1) Anonymous evaluation of HIV infection in 433 blood samples from institutionalized youth and
Assessment of the extent to which HIV counseling and testing exists in private practice in New Jersey and the impact of continuing medical education.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:416 (abstract no. 3058); Sensakovic J, Helm C, Davidson R, Saunders S, Dixon R; St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess physicians attitudes and activities in regard to counseling, testing and the management of HIV infection, and the impact of continuing medical education (CME) in AIDS. METHODS: A state-wide (anonymous) mail survey of approximately 10,000 member physicians of the Medical Society of New Jersey was co
HIV antibody testing in women sexual partners of IVDU.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:416 (abstract no. 3059); Wermuth L, Falcone H, Sorensen J; University of California, San Francisco Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between HIV risk-related circumstances and participation in HIV antibody testing among women sexual partners of intravenous (IV) drug users. METHODS: We interviewed 77 women sexual partners of IV drug users, excluding women who currently injected drugs. We examined the predictors o
Reported, self-perceived, serious body fluid exposures among emergency medical technicians, paramedics, & firefighters.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:417 (abstract no. 3060); Bolon T, Patrone-Reese J, Dearmas L, Fayne T, Tulsie N; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of reported, self-perceived, serious body fluid exposures among Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Workers in the field. METHODS: EMS staff reported fluid exposures to shift supervisors. At this time an anonymous, self-administered, 46 item, questionnaire was completed. Twelve fire/rescue
Risk reduction and HIV seropositivity: an evaluation of the Chicago model among intravenous drug users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:417 (abstract no. 3061); Booth R, Brewster J, Koester S, Wiebel W; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA; OBJECTIVE: This investigation focused on the effectiveness of an educational intervention model in modifying risk behaviors among intravenous drug users in three cities. In addition, the study examined the association of HIV serostatus with both risk taking and risk reduction. METHODS: Intervention and assessment targe
Lessons learned from a community-based AIDS prevention program in Lima, Peru.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:417 (abstract no. 3062); Carovano K, Sevilla R, Bossio L, Caceres C; AIDSCOM/The Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the viability of an integrated community-based, volunteer-oriented, AIDS prevention program for men having sex with men in Lima, Peru . METHODS: A prevention strategy was developed incorporating three distinct program elements: a peer-outreach program targeting men in public social settings; an AID
Attitudes of IVDUs toward needle exchanges and over the counter purchase of syringes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:417 (abstract no. 3063); Comerford M, Chitwood D, McKay C, Anderson R, Page JB; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes of IVDUs in Miami, Florida, toward a needle exchange (NE) and over the counter purchase (OTCP) of syringes in pharmacies, both of which are currently illegal. METHODS: Current and former IVDUs (275) were interviewed about their attitudes toward NEs and the OTCP of syringes. RESULTS: Most
Uganda's first AIDS-in-the-workplace program.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:418 (abstract no. 3064); Cohn P, Kaswarra J; USAID/Uganda; OBJECTIVE: To establish the first African AIDS prevention program in the workplace. METHODS: In 1988, there were 790,522 mostly adult Ugandans projected to be HIV infected; in 1989 1 million. The members of the Federation of Uganda Employers (FUE) have 400,000 employees. FUE, with funding from USAID/Uganda, started a l
The role of behavioral and attitudinal research in designing information programs on AIDS in the Philippines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:418 (abstract no. 3065); Dayrit M, Abad M, Hernandez E, Debus M; Department of Health, Manila, Philippines; OBJECTIVE: Acknowledging the opportunity of time in a country with low recorded incidence of HIV infection, the Philippine Department of Health decided to use data from extensive behavioral and attitudinal surveys to better understand target audiences in order to design media campaigns and educational programs specific
An evaluation of the further development of syringe-exchanges in England.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:418 (abstract no. 3066); Donoghoe M, Dolan KA, Stimson GV; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, England; OBJECTIVE: To assess the national development of syringe-exchanges in the UK since the 1978/88 pilot programme. METHOD: Data collected from 700 clients attending 18 syringe-exchanges providing free injecting equipment in England, April-September 1989, and compared with clients attending 1987/88. RESULTS: In 1989 35% we
"It is better to beg forgiveness, then to ask permission": a chronicle of Prevention Point needle exchange.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:418 (abstract no. 3067); Downing M, Case P, Clark G, Dietrich R, Garcia D, Prem R; Prevention Point Research Group, San Francisco, CA USA; OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effectiveness of a street-based needle exchange (NE) program, to continue building support in ethnically diverse communities, and to affect public opinion and public health policy. METHODS: Prevention Point (PP) committed civil disobedience to challenge existing paraphernalia laws. PP crea
AIDS prevention in the Ugandan workplace: is the model replicable in other African countries?: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:419 (abstract no. 3068); Dunnigan K, Kasswara J, Stone D, Weeks D; AIDSCOM/Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a peer education model of prevention can be successfully implemented in a Ugandan workplace setting and to examine practical lessons which will help determine its replicability in other African countries. METHODS: Through the Federation of Ugandan Employers (FUE), an AIDS prevention prog
The availability of sterile syringes in the Federal Republic of Germany and the offer by AIDS-service organisations and drug counselling centres for an exchange of syringes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:419 (abstract no. 3069); Friedrichs C, Michels I; Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe, Berlin, West-Germany; Together with sexual transmission, the sharing of syringes is the main method of transmission for HIV amongst intravenous drug users. Easy access to sterile syringes is an important measure for the prevention of AIDS, it can help drug users to avoid the risks involved in syringe sharing, to initiate or stabilize safer
Infection control guidelines for home health-care of patients with AIDS/HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:419 (abstract no. 3070); Garner JS, Bell DM; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To prevent infection transmission between patients with AIDS/HIV infection and home health-care workers (HHCW). METHODS: After consultation with experts and review of recommendations for infection control and prevention of HIV transmission in health-care settings, the Centers for Disease Control developed in
Business-based intervention to promote condom use among high risk individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:419 (abstract no. 3071); Hahn G, Cohen D, MacKinnon D; Public Health Foundation, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To promote condom use by increasing availability of condoms to high risk individuals through local businesses. METHODS: Local businesses were asked to participate in a condom distribution program in which individuals showing an anonymous ID card would be eligible to receive a bag of 10 free condoms. High ris
A cooperative health service and HIV program protocol for blood & body fluid exposure follow-up of employees and source patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:420 (abstract no. 3072); Josephson A, Bottone J, Gerber M, Oppermann A; SUNY-Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Over a two year period beginning in January 1988, our hospital had 237 documented incidents of employee exposure to blood, body fluids and/or injuries with sharp objects. Most exposures 201 (84.8%) were by needle or sharp object penetration and 171 (72.2%) were to high risk fluids. Early in 1988 following the instituti
Condoms' use between culture and fear.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:420 (abstract no. 3073); Lagrange H, Bouhet B, Denni B, Lhomond B, Zorman M; P.R.O.M.S.T., C.N.R.S., France; OBJECTIVE: Study changes in sexual behavior and, specifically, change in condoms use in response to AIDS. METHOD: The examined population is a representative sample (drawn by quota -sex, age, place of living) of 1511 people, 18 to 59 years old, living in the Rhone-Alpes region (South-East of France ), intervi
Computerized electronic telephone directory and services (MINITEL): evaluation of questions and answers over 1 1/2 years in the field of AIDS & STD prevention.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:420 (abstract no. 3074); Livrozet JM, Modolo I, Penet D, Retornaz G; ALS, Lyon; France; OBJECTIVE: A program of prevention of AIDS and sexual transmitted diseases (STD) was organized in Villeurbanne (100.000 inhabitants) during October 1988. Computerized electronic telephone directory and services (MINITEL) was used as medium for education. Users ask questions to a physician with computers disposed in pub
Impact of condom use to prevent HIV transmission among male homosexuals in Bahia, Brazil.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:420 (abstract no. 3075); Mott L, Moreira ED, Ribeiro TT, Badaro R, Johnson WD Jr; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seroprevalence of HIV infection after introduction of a condom-use program by Gay Group of Bahia (GGB). METHODS: A point prevalence sero-survey of HIV infection in the male homosexual community of Bahia before and after an intensive education and condom distribution program. RESULTS: A 1986-1
Clients refuse condoms, sex workers win.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:421 (abstract no. 3076); Pareja R, Castillo M, Rosario S; Academy for Educational Development, PROCETS, COIN; OBJECTIVE: To determine the most common arguments used by clients of sex workers who refuse to use condoms. Further, to explore the most effective counter arguments, strategies and actions of female sex workers to convince clients to use condoms. METHOD: The qualitative research technique of focus groups was used. Eigh
AIDS risk reduction among female IVDUs and female sexual partners of IVDUs, 1988-1989.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:421 (abstract no. 3077); Powers B, Penn S, Aldrich MR, Little S, Biernacki P, Feldman HW; Youth Environment Study (YES), San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To show the impact of a female outreach team (SPIRITS) emphasizing family roles and responsibilities, in reducing high risk sexual behavior of female intravenous drug users (IVDUs) & female sexual partners (SPs) of IVDUs especially women of color. METHODS: A specially trained SPIRITS team was fielded in
Mobile AIDS prevention program (MAPP)--"AIDSMOBILE": delivery of AIDS information and condoms to youth in high HIV-seroprevalence neighborhoods.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:421 (abstract no. 3078); Shultz J, Zimmerman R, Scotkin D, Withum D; University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; OBJECTIVE: To present evaluation data for an innovative community-based street-outreach intervention that distributes AIDS information and condoms to sexually-active adolescents in the highest-risk neighborhoods of Miami. METHODS: Operating from a motor home (the AIDSMOBILE ), MAPP staff distribute AIDS literature and
National survey of syringe-exchanges in England.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:421 (abstract no. 3079); Stimson G, Lart R; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, England; OBJECTIVE: To establish the number of syringe-exchanges; describe models of service delivery; and identify patterns of development. METHOD: A questionnaire posted to agencies operating syringe-exchanges in England in February 1989 (55 replied). A syringe-exchange was defined as a facility for drug indicators to obtaine
Rapid ambulatory opiate detoxification: a new approach in AIDS prevention for intravenous drug users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:422 (abstract no. 3080); Waugh ME, Diakogiannis IA, O'Connor PG, Schottenfeld RS, Rounsaville BJ; Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA; More than 60% of the new cases of AIDS in Connecticut are related either directly or indirectly to intravenous drug use. To evaluate a strategy for potentially reducing this high risk behavior we evaluated ambulatory outpatient detoxification (AOD) as a method for initiating treatment for intravenous drug users (IVDU s
Occupational percutaneous exposure to blood: a decision analysis on the role of zidovudine prophylaxis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:422 (abstract no. 3081); Allen UD, Guerriere M, Detsky AS, Read SE; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; OBJECTIVE: We conducted a decision analysis to determine the preferred treatment option for health care workers (HCW) who have had percutaneous exposure to blood. METHODS: The options were to treat all exposed persons with short-term Zidovudine ( AZT ), treat no one or stratify HCWs by doing serological testing on t
AIDS and medical waste: new technologies such as destruction and disinfection versus traditional incineration.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:422 (abstract no. 3082); Brown JW, Blackwell H; New Jersey State Solid Waste Advisory Council, Trenton, NJ, USA; OBJECTIVE: Fear of AIDS by the general public was partially responsible for the advent of stringent new Federal (USA) and State regulations addressing disposal of medical waste. These statutes require medical waste to be rendered both non-infectious and unrecognizable. A new process of mechanical destruction and disinf
The AIDS travelling road show: evaluation of a peer education program on AIDS awareness and prevention in the high school.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:422 (abstract no. 3083); Caron F, Newell M, Otis J, Lambert J; CLSC Longueuil Ouest, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short term effects of a peer education program on AIDS. METHODS: 21 boys and 24 girls (ages 14-15) from 2 schools in the Montreal area received a peer education program. Peer educators are secondary IV students (ages 15-16) who have undergone an intensive week long program on AIDS. In a 2 1/2
Evaluation outcome measures of hospital-based provider AIDS education services.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:423 (abstract no. 3084); Duke SI, Goldberg J, Drucker E, Epstein I, Sacks H, Gillette P; NYC Department of Health, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop, implement and evaluate AIDS education programs for hospital-based women s health providers so that AIDS prevention and risk-reduction services can be incorporated into routine care. METHODS: A quasi case-control study method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of provider education programs in
Health care worker (HCW) cutaneous exposures (CE) to blood and other body substances (OBS) before and after universal precautions (UP) training.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:423 (abstract no. 3085); Fahey B, Koziol D, Banks S, Henderson D; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare the self-reported frequencies of CE to blood and OBS from all patients and from HIV+ patients in HCW before and after UP training. METHODS: HCW enrolled in a prospective study of risk for occupational HIV infection were asked to report estimated monthly frequencies of CE for the prior year. Annual
Evaluation of universal precautions campaign at 9 de Julho Hospital - Sao Paulo - Brazil: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:423 (abstract no. 3086); Ferreira AC, Gouveia V, Peraccini MH, Tranchesi R, Fernandes ME, Burattini M, Lima V, Machado C; Foco-Center of Infectology Infection Control Committee 9 de Julho Hospital - Sao Paulo - Brazil (9 J.H.); The Universal Precautions for body fluids (UP) as a routine in a hospital is a great challenge for Infection Control Committee. In February 1989 an educational campaign with this objective was started at 9 J.H.. In order to evaluate the efficacy of our educational strategy a standardized questionnaire with 21 closed qu
Analysis of SUNY Brooklyn experiential HIV education program for providers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:423 (abstract no. 3087); Gillette PN, Sogolow ED, McDonald FJ, Landesman SH; SUNY HSC-Brooklyn, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To use experiential learning, rather than predominantly didactic methods, to educate health care providers to routinize risk assessment and risk reduction practices. METHODS: A time series design was used to assess the effectiveness of a one-day training program and its impact on practice. A self-selected gr
Radical intervention on early stage of HIV infection prevalence in the city of Lodz.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:424 (abstract no. 3088); Gorski T, Lipinska K, Bergiel A, Korczynski E; Sanitary Epidemiological Station, Lodz, Poland; OBJECTIVE: A restraint of HIV infection prevalence among risk group persons depends on the level of their HIV/AIDS knowledge and a professional and general public AIDS education in a large city. METHODS: The use of HIV-1 antibody tests (Abbott Diagnostics) among homosexual/bisexual men, prostitutes and their clients, d
Evaluation of a school-based AIDS educational program.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:424 (abstract no. 3089); Hornung R, Wydler H, Tschopp A, Gutzwiller F; Institute for Social- and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich (Switzerland); OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a school-based AIDS educational program aimed at 13-16 year-old pupils attending primary schools in the canton of Zurich. METHODS: Empirical basis was a stratified random sample of 479 pupils in 32 classes. Both pupils and teachers in the 32 classes were questioned by a highly stan
Substantial improvement in adherence to universal (barrier) precautions among emergency department HCWs following implementation of policy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:424 (abstract no. 3090); Kelen G, Fleetwood D, DiGiovanna T; Division of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect on HCW behavior of an institutional policy mandating adherence to Universal Precautions, with repercussions for non compliance. METHODS: During July 1989, exactly 1 year after the previous study using the same methodology, health care workers (HCWs) were observed 24 hours a day in the
A pooling method for anti-HIV testing in Ecuador.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:424 (abstract no. 3091); Leoro-Monroy G, Archbold E, Sanchez M, Herrera C, Chiriboga R, Weilbauer F; Ecuadorian Red Cross, Quito, Ecuador; OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a simple, practical and reliable pooling method based on two commercial test kits without compromising the assay s sensitivity and specificity. METHODS: One thousand samples from blood donors were analyzed using Abbott s and Organon Teknika s test kits. Samples were assayed by each te
General vs. targeted information efforts. A comparative evaluation of the effects of two campaigns on French male homosexuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:425 (abstract no. 3092); Pollak M, Schiltz MA; CNRS-GSPM, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: The French government has organised, in 1988 and 1989, a general information campaign and a campaign targeted to the male homosexual population. The aim of this research is to evaluate the comparative effects of these campaigns on French male homosexuals in terms of information and behavior changes. METHODS:
HIV risk-factor reduction counseling by medical housestaff.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:425 (abstract no. 3093); Wheat M, Devons C, Solomon S, Hyman R; Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV risk-factor assessment and counseling behavior in 86 medical housestaff in a Bronx municipal hospital. METHODS: Questionnaire self-report with a response rate of 93%. Means compared using paired t-test. RESULTS: Housestaff assess smoking behavior in 95% of new patients, intravenous drug use in
AIDS - statistics of mortality as an information resource.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:425 (abstract no. 3094); Barbieri D, Buchala C, Laurenti R, Teixeira PR, Reis RS, Lima LO; Secretariat of Health of the State of Sao Paulo. Sao Paolo - SP - Brazil; The bad filling up of the death certificate results in underdimension of the statistics of mortality. It causes serious distortions and defect analysis of the health reality of the population. The preoccupation with the underreporting of AIDS led to a cooperative study between the Public Health College of Sao Paulo Uni
Differences in demographics among HIV infected patients at the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) versus volunteers for outpatient clinical AIDS research in Richmond, Virginia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:425 (abstract no. 3095); Berry A, Gurkin M, Taylor R, Settle J; Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA; OBJECTIVE: Efforts to enlist volunteers for AIDS studies are frequently concentrated at recruiting HIV infected people from areas with similar demographics that reflect the general HIV population. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of subjects who volunteered locally for outpatient clinical studie
HIV/AIDS & young people - towards a critical research agenda.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:426 (abstract no. 3096); Warwick I, Aggleton P; Faculty of Education, Bristol Polytechnic, Bristol, England; OBJECTIVES: To identify some of the research agendas that operate around HIV/AIDS and young people which limit effective health education and health promotion. To identify policy and practice alternatives. METHODS: Via a critical reading of recently published research reports on young people and HIV/AIDS, a series of a
Measuring time to AIDS using truncated and interval censored data.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:426 (abstract no. 3097); Carey V, Munoz A, Hoover D, Odaka N, Taylor J, Chmiel J, Kingsley L, VanRaden M; Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS), Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: Develop and apply nonparametric statistical procedures to estimate AIDS-free time in cohorts incorporating interval censoring (due to imprecise determination of AIDS onset) as well as truncation (selective exclusion of individuals having short times from seroconversion to AIDS). METHODS: During the first 5-1
Factors affecting retention in a longitudinal AIDS risk reduction study of gay men.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:426 (abstract no. 3098); Freeman AC, Petty A, Hedrich A, Branch S; Dallas County Health Department, Dallas, TX USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine demographics, reported risk behaviors and attitudes of men who failed to return for a second visit and to plan more effective retention methods. METHODS: Dallas County is participating in a longitudinal study of HIV infection risk reduction of gay men. Men are enrolled through the antibody test
Recent data lends support to the suggestion of an 18 year mean incubation time for AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:426 (abstract no. 3099); Greatbatch W, Holmes W; University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: A previous abstract presented by us in Montreal last year provided data suggesting that the AIDS pandemic, as evidenced by Transmission-Acquired AIDS (TA-AIDS), is following a Weibull distribution pattern with a shape factor of B=2.2 and a mean incubation time of 18 years. Our objective here is to show that
The use of hepatitis B core antibody and HIV-1 densitometric finding to analyze nonresponse in the national household HIV survey.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:427 (abstract no. 3100); McQuillan G, Ezzati T, Visscher W, Stevens R; National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if differential response occurred in the National Household Seroprevalence Study (NHSS) pretest, by comparing the distribution of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the NHSS with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and by estimation of the risk of di
Surveillance, epidemiology and mathematical models to describe and forecast HIV epidemic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:427 (abstract no. 3101); Perucci CA, Abeni D, Arca M, Carboni A, Pantano P, Spadea T; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To integrate surveillance data, results from analytical studies, and mathematical modelling to forecast the HIV epidemic in Latium ( Italy ). METHODS: -Newly diagnosed HIV infections and AIDS cases monitored since 1985 (RHSS and RASS). Reliable AIDS incidence data and minimum HIV prevalence estimates by sex,
Short-term predictions of AIDS cases in France.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:427 (abstract no. 3102); Pillonel J, Downs A, LaPorte A, Brunet JB; Ministry of Health, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVE: To make short-term predictions of AIDS cases for all cases and separately for 2 transmission groups (homo-bisexuals and IV drug-users). METHODS: 1) Different curves were fitted with the AIDS incidence up to June 1989 by half-years of diagnosis after adjustment for reporting delays. 2) Short-term predictions
Comparison of HIV serostatus in IVDUs with and without normal venipuncture.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:427 (abstract no. 3103); Brodie B, Vranizan K, Kefflew A, Osmond D, Moss AR; University of California, San Francisco, California USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in rates of seropositivity in IVDU s with normal venipuncture and those requiring arterial/femoral access. METHODS: Heterosexual IVDUs recruited from drug treatment programs were screened for HIV. A notation was made whenever an arterial or femoral access was necessary. RESULTS: Tho
Evaluation of a latex agglutination assay for detection of HIV-1 antibodies in a developing country.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:428 (abstract no. 3104); Muchinik G, Campestri R, Rickard E, Canizal AM, De Rosa MF, Cahn P; Instituto de Investigaciones Hematologicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; OBJECTIVE: To describe the efficiency of a rapid and easy-to-use assay for HIV-1 antibodies, suitable for use in developing countries. METHODS: A latex agglutination (LA) assay (Cambridge BioScience Corp., Worcester, MA) was evaluated for screening HIV-1 antibodies using 88 sera and 2 spinal fluids (sf) from high risk
Comparison of two serological assays for human immunodeficiency virus antibody detection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:428 (abstract no. 3105); Damiani ME, Andrade Arzabe R, Scholz DH, Rossel E, Valdez E, Espada SA; Lab. Immunology and AIDS. INLASA MPS & S P. La Paz, Bolivia; INTRODUCTION: Two commercial available assays for the detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibodies: Abbott Retrocell HIV-1 (Passive Hemagglutination Test) and Parmacia HIV 1&2 Combi (IgG EIA) were tested with 968 samples from subjects known to be at risk for sexually transmitted disease. OBJECTIVE: Co
Indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus using transformed T4 HeLa cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:428 (abstract no. 3106); Forghani B, Hurst J, Chan C; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California State Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: We have explored the suitability of transformed T4 HeLa cells as a source of antigen in indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detection of specific antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human sera compared to the use of HIV-infected T-lymphoid cell line. METHODS: HeLa cell monolayers were p
HIV serology in Mexican blood banks: the quality control program of the Centro Nacional de la Transfusion Sanguinea.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:428 (abstract no. 3107); Juarez-Figueroa L, Herrera Ortiz F; Centro Nacional de la Transfusion Sanguinea. Mexico City. Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To verify the proficiency of Governmental blood banks laboratories screening donors for HIV-1 antibody, in the middle of 1989, an external quality program was initiated, sending a sera panel with known reactivity, twice a year to 207 blood banks. METHODS: With a serum of a single donor, positive for HIV-1 an
Ability of Wellcozyme HIV 1+2 to detect HIV1 and HIV2 antibodies in European and African sera.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:429 (abstract no. 3108); Leonard G, Ranger S, Verdier M, Sangare A, Weinbreck P, Blanc S, Denis F; Virological Department, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ability of new Wellcozyme HIV1+2 EIA test using recombinant (core and env) HIV1 antigens and env synthetic peptide HIV2 to detect HIV1 and HIV2 antibodies in European and African sera. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 240 sera (160 African and 80 European) were tested. The serotypes, determined by double HI
Reliability of visual HIV test reading - the Zambian experience.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:429 (abstract no. 3109); Maboshe M, Nkhata KJ, Syabula C; Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; OBJECTIVE: To re-screen blood from various blood donor Centres for anti-HIV antibodies. METHODS: Duplicate samples from blood donors in 3 Centres were rescreened for anti-HIV antibodies using Wellcozyme Recombinant ELISA. An ELISA reader was used in the reference laboratory but visual reading was employed in the screen
Rapid latex agglutination assay for screening of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in African blood donors. The Zambian experience.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:429 (abstract no. 3110); Mwendapole RM, Nkhata K, Chimfwembe EC; Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a rapid latex agglutination assay, Recombigen HIV I LA (LA) for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus HIV I in a routine Hospital Blood Bank in Africa. METHODS: The performance of the rapid latex agglutination assay was evaluated in a routine Hospital Blood Bank in
A WHO global survey on the maintenance of HIV diagnostic equipment.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:429 (abstract no. 3111); Norton C, Biles J, Tarantola D, Esparza J; Global Programme on AIDS (GPA), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; OBJECTIVE: The survey was designed to determine the operational status of diagnostic equipment for HIV serology in countries with a National AIDS Control Programme. METHODS: The countries selected all have National AIDS Control Programmes (NACP) formulated with WHO technical support. Ninety-eight (98) countries in the
The Italian external quality assessment scheme for anti HIV screening tests in transfusion services. Preliminary results.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:430 (abstract no. 3112); Orlando M, Schinaia N, Chiarotti F, Piccinini P, Mozzi F, Pizzocolo G; Istituto Superiore de Sanita, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: The first anti-HIV antibody (ab) testing kits were licensed in Italy in Spring 1985; anti HIV ab testing of donated blood had been recommended since July 1985 by the Italian Ministry of Health and by law enforced since January 1988. A National External Quality Assessment Scheme was set up in Italy in late 19
Indirect immunofluorescence a reliable, economic and alternative serological assay for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:430 (abstract no. 3113); Sa Ferreira JA, Ferreira AG, Souza RB, Lopes DL, Oliva OF, Marzochi KF, Peralta JM; Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the IIF developed at FIOCRUZ- Brazil as an alternative technique for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies and comparison of results with those from a commercial western blot (WB). METHODS: Slides containing multiple spots of an HIV-1 infected and non infected lymphoblastoid cell line (K37-3) suspe
Workload analysis and cost-effectiveness of a pooling technique for HIV screening.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:430 (abstract no. 3114); Sanchez M, Archbold E, Leoro G, Herrera C, Chiriboga R, Cardenas A, Weilbauer F; Ecuadorian Red Cross, Quito, Ecuador; OBJECTIVE: To compare workload and cost-effectiveness of ELISA HIV screening utilizing a pooling technique against single sample testing. METHODS: The College of American Pathologists workload recording method was utilized to assess workload requirements as well as productivity for both the pooling method and the stand
Blood spot test for syphilis (BSTS): detection of syphilis antibody in newborns tested for HIV-1 antibody.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:430 (abstract no. 3115); Stevens R, Neal M, Pass K, Wiznia A; Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, Albany, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop a blood spot test for syphilis and to study the prevalence of syphilis and HIV-1 antibody in newborns. METHODS: Blood spots were made from adult blood or taken from anonymous newborn heel-stick specimens. Fluids eluted from 6.3mm spot-disks were tested by ELISA with cardiolipin antigen on microwel
Detection of HIV-1 genome amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:431 (abstract no. 3116); Tornesello ML, Buonaguro L, Beth-Giraldo E, Giraldo G, Buonaguro FM, Maccauro E, Monaco M, Curcio F; Ist. Naz. Tumori "Fond. Pascale", Naples, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To compare sensitivity and specificity of 4 methods for the detection of PCR amplified HIV-1 sequences: 1) direct incorporation of a32P dCTP during the amplification; 2) hybridization reaction with y32P labeled probes a) in liquid phase; b) in dried agarose gels; c) on nylon membranes. METHODS: Direct labeli
Clinical outcome in 35 adults infected with HIV2 (1985-1990).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:431 (abstract no. 3117); Matheron S, Bartczak S, Mas S, Simon F, Bletry O, Brun-Vezinet F, Coulaud JP, Saimot AG; Hopital Claude Bernard-Bichat, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical presentation and outcome of HIV2 infection in 35 adults. METHODS: Thirty five cases of HIV2 infection detected from October 1985 to January 1990 were evaluated on a minimal biannual basis for clinical and immunological status. HIV2 diagnosis was confirmed in all patients (pts) by multipl
Incidence of AIDS in Spanish HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:431 (abstract no. 3118); Gatell JM, Podzamczer D, Clotet B, Ocana I, Estany C, Zamora L; Hospitals Clinic, Bellvitge, Tarrasa, Germans Trias, and Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. Spain; OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of AIDS (CDC criteria of August 1987) among persons infected with the HIV in Barcelona ( Spain ) where drug addicts are the most frequent risk group and tuberculosis the most common initial manifestation of AIDS. METHODS: A total of 2300 people who were at high risk for AIDS, had en
Seroconversion and role of different viral infections in relation to HIV disease in Italian hemophiliacs.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:431 (abstract no. 3119); Gringeri A, Santagostino E, Tradati F, Simoni L, Mannucci PM; Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr. A. Bianchi Bonomi, University of Milan, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prevalence and prognostic significance of serological markers of different blood-borne viral infections in a population of Italian hemophiliacs with and without antibodies to HIV. STUDY POPULATION: IgG antibodies to human cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),
Risk of progression to symptomatic HIV infection in a group of hemophiliacs with known time of seroconversion.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:432 (abstract no. 3120); Karafoulidou A, Gialeraki A, Hatzakis A, Katsouyanni K, Economidou J, Markakis C, Makris P, Mandalaki T; Laikon General Hosp., Athens, Greece; OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of symptomatic HIV infection. METHODS: Seroconversion to HIV was documented by ELISA and Western Blot or radioimmunoprecipitation in 61 hemophiliacs. The seroconversions occurred between 1980-85. The patients were followed up semiannually and each time their clinical status was classifi
Acute HIV syndrome is associated with higher CD8+ count, lower CD4+/8+ ratio but not with rapid progression to AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:432 (abstract no. 3121); Kaslow R, Deloria M, Fox R, Ho M, Munoz A, Murphy R, Visscher B; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the reported relationship between the symptoms and signs of acute HIV infection and rapid progression of the infection. METHODS: In 262 HIV seroconverters (SCs) with sufficient data we evaluated symptoms and signs including fever, night sweats, fatigue, headache, muscle ache, and lymphadenopathy a
Vitamin B6 and immune function in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:432 (abstract no. 3123); Mantero-Atienza E, Baum M, Beach R, Javier J, Morgan R, Eisdorfer C; Biopsychosocial Center for Studies of AIDS. University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine plasma vitamin B6 status and to evaluate its impact on immune function in HIV infected individuals. METHODS: Subjects were 100 HIV seropositive homosexual males who remained asymptomatic other than persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (CDC Stage III). Plasma vitamin B6 status was assessed by r
Age-specific differences in lymphocyte subpopulations associated with HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:433 (abstract no. 3124); Mosley JW; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the increased cumulative prevalence of AIDS with increasing age may be explained by age-specific differences in HIV-1 effect on lymphocyte subpopulations. METHODS: TSS (Transfusion Safety Study Group) has data for 507 anti-HIV-1(+) and 315 (-) males with treated congenital clotting disorder
Long-term follow-up of HIV-infected haemophiliacs: correlation of serological markers with progression of disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:433 (abstract no. 3125); Preiser W, Enzensberger R, Storkel F, Scharrer I, Doerr HW; University Clinics, Dept. of Medical Virology, Frankfurt a. M., W. Germany; OBJECTIVE: Different serological markers for monitoring disease progression in HIV-infected plasma product recipients. METHODS: 41 HIV-seropositive patients treated for various bleeding disorders have been followed for 48 months on average. Serum samples obtained at regular intervals were tested for HIV-p24 antigen by
Relationship between survival time and presumptive or definitive diagnoses of AIDS indicator diseases.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:433 (abstract no. 3126); Rahman MA, Fife D, van de Beek L; AIDS Activities Coordinating Office, City of Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare presumptive versus definitive diagnoses of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) and esophageal candida (EC). METHODS: Study population consisted of AIDS cases (n=229 for PCP and 36 for EC) diagnosed after August 1987 in Philadelphia and surrounding counties. The study sample was restricted to 20
HHV-6 and HIV in Spain.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:433 (abstract no. 3127); Soriano V, Tor J, Riezu I, Clotet B, Llibre J, Civeira P, Prieto J, Foz M, Ribas-Mundo M; Hospital de Badalona "Germans Trias i Pujol" (Barcelona), Spain; INTRODUCTION: HHV-6 is a new human herpesvirus isolated in 1986 from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. In vitro, the virus has a cytopathic effect on T cells, the target cells of HIV. However, a transcriptional activation of HIV by HHV-6 has been demonstrated, supporting a synergistic immunosuppressive actio
Clinical impact of HIV infection prior to AIDS in untreated individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:434 (abstract no. 3128); Saah A, Hoover D, Bacellar H, Visscher B, Murphy R, Anderson R, Schrager L; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: Estimate the health, economic and emotional impact of HIV virus prior to AIDS diagnosis in an untreated population of homosexual men that eventually develop AIDS. METHODS: Health data collected at biannual longitudinal visits from 387 AIDS cases and 387 matched AIDS-free seropositive controls in the Multicen
Fraction of excess tuberculosis morbidity attributable to HIV2 infection in the population of Bissau district.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:434 (abstract no. 3129); Sabbatani S, Mangiarotti V, Fabbri A, Laudicina V, Tedei F, Varnier OE, Ferro A; Div. Mal. Inf. Osp. Maggiore Bologna. Italy; The African population has a particular susceptibility for TB infection. The causes of this particular epidemiological situation are: 1) Social and economic conditions particularly bad with overcrowded houses. 2) Low number of cases sputum smear-positive for tuberculosis considering the patients with the disease. 3) An
Infection with hepatitis B and/or HIV among initially asymptomatic homosexual males, Boston, MA, 1985-1988.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:434 (abstract no. 3130); Mayer KH, Saltzman S, Werner BG, Underdahl J, Moon M, Centamore LD; Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence, seroconversion and the natural history of Hepatitis B (Hep B) among HIV positive (+) and negative (-) gay men with (Vac+) and without (Vac-) a history of Hep B Vaccination. METHODS: Hep B markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs) and relevant history were obtained from 274 initially a
Antibody response to HIV-1 p24 during natural history of HIV-infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:434 (abstract no. 3131); Schalken JJ, Dekker J, Goudsmit J, Keur WM, Hellings JA; Organon Teknika, Boxtel, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: Determination of anti-p24 antibody levels in order to monitor the natural history of HIV-infection. METHODS: Antibodies to HIV-1 p24 were determined by Vironostika HIV Core, a one-step inhibition assay based on monoclonal antibodies and viral p24. Titers were measured by testing 6 dilutions of the respective
Impact of zidovudine and other factors on the natural history of AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:435 (abstract no. 3132); Sugland B, Hidalgo J, Chaisson R, Moore R; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess (1) secular trends in survival from 1984-1988 among persons with AIDS, (2) factors influencing survival in this cohort, (3) the effect of ZVD use on the natural history of AIDS. METHODS: Individuals diagnosed with AIDS between 7/1/84 and 6/30/89 and reported to the Maryland Dept. of Health, and enr
Survival time in men with AIDS: relationships with psychological coping and autonomic arousal.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:435 (abstract no. 3133); Temoshok L, O'Leary A, Jenkins SR; Henry M. Jackson Foundation/Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; OBJECTIVE: While previous reports by our and other groups have found correlations of psychosocial and immunologic variables in HIV+ persons at various disease stages, the clinical significance of these associations remains unclear. This study reports relationships with actual length of survival as the dependent variabl
Asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive hemophiliac children have no evidence of CNS dysfunction detected by neurologic, MRI or clinical neurophysiologic assessment.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:435 (abstract no. 3134); Tennison M, Messenheimer J, Ehle A, Hall C, Whitt J; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA; OBJECTIVE: To define by extensive neurologic, radiographic and clinical neurophysiologic assessment the incidence and features of any CNS deficits which may be present in asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive hemophiliac children including evidence of subclinical CNS dysfunction before overt symptoms are present. METHODS: Al
Prognosis factors in a cohort of 250 HIV seropositive patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:435 (abstract no. 3135); Tourani JM, Stern M, Lovenstein W, Israel-Biet D, Andrieu JM; Laennec HIV study group, Laennec Hospital, Paris, France; From 10/85 to 10/89 250 HIV seropositive patients (pts) were included in this study. Initial characteristics were sex: M 207, F 43; mean age 32 (15-79); risk factors: homo 138, IVDA 79, both 8, hetero 20, other 5. Pts were classified according to CD4 cell count (I greater than or equal to 600, II greater than or equal
Seroepidemiology of the infection HIV in Bolivia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:436 (abstract no. 3136); Andrade Arzabe R, Melgar ML, Vargas R, Navarro F, Lazcano R, Lafuente C; Epidemiology Division, STD and AIDS Program, S.U. Cochabamba, La Paz, Cenetrop Santa Cruz Bolivia; OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the seroprevalence of HIV in Bolivia . METHODS: The epidemiological vigilance begins since October 1985, and this work demonstrates the obtained results to December 1989. In the beginning it has being received the cooperation of the following countries, Venezuela
Mortality in relation to HIV-infection and the type of drug abuse among drug addicts in Stockholm 1981-1988.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:436 (abstract no. 3137); Annell A, Fugelstad A, Agren G; Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: To study the mortality and spread of HIV-infection in a cohort of hospitalized drug addicts in Stockholm. METHODS: The study comprises all (1671 Pts) drug addicts treated at Sabbatsberg Hospital. The total period during which observations were carried out was from Jan. 1981 until Feb. 1989. During this perio
Prevalence of HTLV-I and its possible role in indeterminate HIV-I Western blots in Ethiopia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:436 (abstract no. 3138); Seyoum A, Zewdie D, Messele T, Ketema F, Tadesse M; Department of Biology, A.A.U., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HTLV-I infection and to estimate the proportion of HIV-I Western blot indeterminate sera due to HTLV-I infection. MATERIALS: Sera from 399 blood donors and prostitutes were tested for HIV-I antibodies by ELISA (Wellcozyme) and Western blot (Biorad). The 399 samples plus 50 West
Seroprevalence of HIV-1 among selected patients from a sentinal hospital network in the province of Quebec: a pilot study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:436 (abstract no. 3139); Barnard L, Alary M, Joly JR, Fauvel M; Department de Sante Communautaire, Hopital du St-Sacrement, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVE: To estimate baseline seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in selected patients from a sentinel hospital network (anonymous, unlinked seroprevalence study), used as proxy of the general population. METHODS: From April to December 1989, sera from subjects attending the outpatient surgery service and from trauma p
Reported AIDS patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:437 (abstract no. 3140); Bloch AB, Snider DE; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: Determine the number and characteristics of reported AIDS patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (XTB) in the United States . METHODS: In September 1987 the CDC AIDS case definition was broadened to include HIV-seropositive XTB patients. The number and characteristics of reported AIDS patients with XTB fr
HIV-1 prevalence and the role of other infectious diseases in a group of drug users in Argentina.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:437 (abstract no. 3141); Boxaca M, Libonatti O, Muzzio E, Segura E, Hosokawa R, Weissenbacher M; University of Buenos Aires. Argentina; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate HIV-1 prevalence and its relationship with HTLV-I, HBV Syphilis, Chagas and Toxoplasmosis infections in a group of drug users attending a Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center in the city of Buenos Aires. METHODS: A group of 212 asymptomatic drug users, 182 males and 30 females, 77.4% of them intr
HIV seroprevalence in two subgroups of a Los Angeles County hospital population.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:437 (abstract no. 3142); Brown P, Nagachinta T, Cheng F, Temple W, Olivo N, Saint Louis M, Kerndt PR; King/Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate HIV seroprevalence (SP) in two subgroups of the patient population at an inner city public hospital in Los Angeles County (LAC). METHODS: A stratified sampling method based on age and gender was used to collect 3,713 blood specimens between 1/89 - 6/89 at an inner city public hospital. Specimens
Surveillance of HIV-epidemic from medicolegal samples in Finland.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:437 (abstract no. 3143); Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Keinikki P, Kantanen ML, Karhunen P, Penttila A; National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; The spread of HIV in Finland is followed by various screening programmes aimed at the general population, people with risk behaviour, pregnant women and blood donors. All positive cases are reported to a register held by the Medical Board with identifications sufficient to prevent multiple reporting. These registers in
Spread of infection among prostitutes of Madrid.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:438 (abstract no. 3144); Colomo C, Estebanez P, Alberdi J, Bru F, Contreras G, Zunzunegui V, Perez Alvarez T; Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of HIV infection among prostitutes and to study the associations between intravenous drug use, sexually transmitted disease, prostitution and HIV infection in downtown of Madrid. METHODS: Information on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual, contraceptive and drug using behaviour and
HIV-1 antibody prevalence in an antenatal population and its relationship to self-reported behavioural risk: the first study year.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:438 (abstract no. 3145); Scrimgeour J, Patel N, Reid D, MacKinnon H, Covell R, Smith R, Goldberg D, Emslie J, Peutherer J, Inglis H, et al; Western General Hosp, Edinburgh UK; OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal populations in 2 Scottish cities (Edinburgh & Dundee) known to have a high prevalence of HIV infection among their intravenous drug user populations. METHODS: First time attenders in any one ongoing pregnancy were screened by questionnaire in
Epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in children: Zaire experience.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:438 (abstract no. 3146); Davachi F, Ndoko K, Ngoie K, Bongo L, Liambi N; Department of Pediatrics, Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire; OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend in the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in children in Kinshasa, Zaire over the past 6 years. METHODS: HIV-1 seroprevalence studies were carried out on inpatient and outpatient infants and children at the Department of Pediatrics at the 2000 bed Mama Yemo Hospital, the major health faci
Migration to rural areas by HIV patients: impact on HIV related health care delivery.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:438 (abstract no. 3147); Stapleton JT, Davis KA; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Iowa City, Iowa, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of patient migration to a rural state (Iowa), we evaluated the extent of health care utilization at the University of Iowa AIDS clinic by individuals diagnosed with AIDS outside of Iowa/Western Illinois, and by all HIV infected persons who reported moving to this area from another geo
Evaluation of clinical features and AIDS case definition in tuberculosis patients in Abidjan.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:439 (abstract no. 3148); Ekpini E, Gnaore E, Adjorlolo G, Yesso G, Bretton R, Bretton G, Kone K, Porter A, Lafontaine MF, De Cock KM, et al; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare clinical features in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with tuberculosis (TB); (2) to examine the WHO clinical case definition for AIDS in TB patients. METHODS: In 1989, 1504 consecutive, ambulatory TB patients (1404 aged 15 years and older) were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 by ELISA, West
Prevailing of infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (H.I.V.) in a population without known risk factors.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:439 (abstract no. 3149); Espinosa R, Santillan MA, Diaz J; Hospital de Concentracion Nacional Central Norte, PEMEX, Mexico, D.F., Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To determine percentage of seropositive patients for antibodies against H.I.V. in population without known risk factors. METHODS: Patients of both sexes were included, 15 years old or older, who came looking for medical care for several reasons, from January 1987 to August 1989. The ELISA test was made to fi
HVD and HIV-1 infection in northeast of Argentina.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:439 (abstract no. 3150); Fay O, Rodenas L, Tanno H, Taborda M, Fernandez E, Rubio L; Centro de Technologia en Salud Publica-Fac. de Cs. Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario - Rosario - Argentina; OBJECTIVE: To study the evolution of the penetrance of HVD together with HIV-1 in risk communities from North-East of Argentina . METHODS: HIV-1 (ELISA-Abbott) IFA and WB (Dupont, Sorin); HVD and HBsAg (Abbott) were used as serological makers. Sera samples were collected during 1987 up to Dec. 1989, from I.V.D.U.; homo
Non-AIDS mortality in New Jersey related to HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:439 (abstract no. 3151); Hayes T, Altman R, Buehler J, Beil J, Akili-Obika A, Costa S, Massey J, Williams N; New Jersey State Department of Health, Trenton, NJ, USA; OBJECTIVE: Over half of the AIDS cases in N.J. are directly related to IV drug abuse. In neighboring New York City, increased mortality has been reported among IVDAs not meeting the case definition of AIDS, but suspicious of being HIV-1 related. We looked for similar findings in N.J. METHODS: In this preliminary study,
Seroprevalence of HIV1, HIV2 and HTLV1 in a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Paris (France) in 1988 and 1989.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:440 (abstract no. 3152); Janier M, Agbalika F, Lassau F, Pezin P, Ferchal F, Perol Y, Morel P; STD Clinic - Hopital Saint-Louis - Paris - France; OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of HIV1, HIV2 and HTLV1 antibodies in patients (mainly heterosexual) attending a STD clinic in Paris. METHODS: 240 consecutive women from January 1988 to March 1988 and 548 consecutive men from March 1989 to April 1989 were offered the test. 5 women (2,1%) and 44 men (8%) declined th
Racial/ethnic differences in reported AIDS cases in Los Angeles County.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:440 (abstract no. 3153); Kane C, Lieb L, Garza A; Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe racial/ethnic differences in reported AIDS cases in LAC. METHODS: Data for all AIDS cases reported to the LAC surveillance registry by November 1989 were analyzed. Race-specific cumulative incidence (CI) was calculated using 1985 population estimates based on the 1980 census. Relative risk (RR),
Prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies in pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:440 (abstract no. 3154); Kefenie H, Desta B, Zewdie D; Armed Forces General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV-I antibodies in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Armed Forces General Hospital, in Addis Ababa. METHOD: Between August and December 1989, 440 consecutive pregnant married women were screened for the presence of HIV-I antibodies using the ELISA (Wellc
A study of the association between pulmonary TB(PT), extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) and HIV infection, as seen in 13 public health centers (PHC), in Rio de Janeiro, 1987-1988.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:440 (abstract no. 3155); Kritski AL, Werneck E, Menezes da Silva M, Meirelles da Silva V, Melo LI, Teixeira SM, Goncalves VP, Bravo-de-Souza R, Melo DL, Galvao-Castro B, et al; Instituto de Tisiologia e Pneumologia-UFRJ, Argentina; OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the seroprevalence for HIV in TB patients seen in the outskirts and compare it to a control group. METHOD: TB patients randomly selected from 13 PHC in Rio de Janeiro, from Feb. 1987 to Dec. 1988, were tested for HIV antibodies by ELISA, IIF and WB methods. The serology was considered positive if at
Epidemiology of AIDS in Brazil: a four-years experience at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:441 (abstract no. 3156); Kuwer M, Kronfled M, Motta M, Sirianni M, Sprinz E; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: Describe the population affected by HIV in Grande do Sul, the southeast state of Brazil . METHODS: Our sample included all patients with AIDS (according to CDC criteria-1987) admitted at Hospital de Clinicas. This hospital is the national reference center of AIDS in south region and approximately 70% of all
The European HIV database.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:441 (abstract no. 3157); Lavoie G, Lumey LH, Couturier E, von der Fuhr S, Ancelle RA, Brunet JB; WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To collect, analyze, and disseminate information from HIV serosurveys and studies undertaken in European countries. METHODS: The 32 countries that report their AIDS surveillance data to the Centre were requested also to report all ongoing and completed HIV-studies (1985-88) in a standardized fashion. Informa
Immunological profiles of patients testing HIV+ at an anonymous testing site in New York City.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:441 (abstract no. 3158); Masci J, Hoffman H, Pierone G, Nicholas P; Mount Sinai Services, Elmhurst Hospital, Elmhurst, N.Y., USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immune profiles and need for medical intervention in HIV+ patients (pts) referred from a city-run anonymous counseling and testing site (ACTS) in New York City (NYC). METHODS: All (pts) referred to Elmhurst Hospital from the ACTS in Corona, Queens were identified. Records were reviewed for demogr
HIV seroprevalence in one eighteen-year-old cohort in Florence.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:441 (abstract no. 3159); Mazzotta F, Di Pietro M, Balocchini E, Mecocci L, De Cesaris A, Telesa C, De Majo E, Colao G, Galanti C, Paci P; Infectious Diseases Unit and Microbiology Laboratory USL 10/D; Firenze, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To determine the HIV seroprevalence among the eighteen-year-old males in the city of Florence and its neighbourhood by anonymous test. METHODS: In Florence and its neighbourhood all eighteen males are screened for VDRL before to have a medical examination for conscription. Their anonymous sera were stored at
Progression of HIV-I infection in the populations with different HIV prevalence rates.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:442 (abstract no. 3160); Mengistu M, Khodakevich L, Zewdie D, Ayehunie S, Bekele S, Getachew G, Asefa G, Belaineh G, Mengesha Y, Mulugeta T, et al; Ministry of Health, Ethiopia; OBJECTIVE: To assess the progression of the HIV-I epidemic in Ethiopia and the relation between the progression rates and initial HIV prevalence rates. METHODS: Two rounds of HIV seroprevalence surveys have been conducted among randomly selected females practicing multipartner sexual contacts (MPSC) in 7 major towns of
HIV-2 infection and AIDS among hospitalized patients in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:442 (abstract no. 3161); Naucler A, Albino P, Da Silva AP, Andreasson PA, Biberfeld G; National Public Health Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV-2 infection among hospitalized patients in Bissau and the clinical manifestations of the infection. METHODS: 835 consecutive hospitalized patients admitted to the medical department of the national hospital in Bissau during 7 months in 1989 were examined clinically and test
HIV prevalence in intravenous drug addicts from Central Italy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:442 (abstract no. 3162); Perroni L, Albertoni F, Coluzzi T, Corsi T, Perucci CA, Soscia F; Latina Hospital, Latina, Italy; OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis infection in intravenous drug addicts (ivdu) according to several risk factors. METHODS: All the ivdu attending drug addiction treatment centres in south Latium, central Italy , were tested for HIV, HBV and routine serology for syphil
AIDS cases versus HIV seroprevalence: comparisons and projections in Houston, Texas, U.S.A.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:442 (abstract no. 3163); Phelps AF, Enochs M, Meade D, Geoffroy A, Cole N, Harms J, Hannah H, Honeycutt H, Davis M; Bureau of HIV Prevention, Houston DHHS, Houston, Texas, USA; OBJECTIVES: To describe and project AIDS case and HIV seroprevalence data collected in Houston, Texas, U.S.A. METHODS: A Houston AIDS case registry is maintained through active surveillance, hospital reporting, death certificate review, and other appropriate means. Blinded seroprevalence surveys were conducted within h
The prevalence of HIV seropositivity and impact of HIV infection in Zambian surgical patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:443 (abstract no. 3164); Kalima P, Luo NP, Bem C, Watters DA; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HIV seropositivity amongst surgical patients and the outcome of surgery amongst HIV positive patients compared to the HIV negative. METHODS: Between September and November, 1989, 171 surgical patients in one surgical firm were clinically assessed for features of HIV infection.
Screening for HIV-1 and syphilis in Madagascar.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:443 (abstract no. 3165); Rasamindrakotokra AJ, Kirsch T, Rakotondrajao R, Bienzle U, Randimbivahiny P, Rehle T; Hopital Joseph Ravoahangy Andriananvaione, Antananarivo Madagascar; OBJECTIVE: A first nationwide screening for HIV and syphilis in Madagascar was conducted in 1989. It was the aim of the study to get baseline data for further intervention strategies. METHODS: Between January 1989 and December 1989, 12,148 individuals were tested for HIV-1 infection and syphilis in the 6 regional capit
HIV-1 seropositivity in Brazilian patients with tropical diseases.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:443 (abstract no. 3166); Ribeiro TT, Alves CB, Bianco C, Carvalho EM, Ho J, Badaro R; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cross-reactivity of the HIV-EIA in sera from patients with tropical diseases. METHOD: Sera from 507 patients in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil were tested for HIV. The patients diagnoses included: kala-azar (100); tegumentary leishmaniasis (50); Chagas disease (50); schistosomiasis (30); helminthias
Prevalence of HIV infection in Puerto Rican youth attending counseling and testing sites in Puerto Rico.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:443 (abstract no. 3167); Rivera-Castanno R, Nieves E, Figueroa S; Latin American Center for STD, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection and most important risk factors in Puerto Rican youth (ages 13-29) attending the counseling and testing sites in Puerto Rico . METHODS: A total of 9,089 records of patients attending the counseling and testing sites in Puerto Rico from April 1, 1989 to January 15,
HIV infections in Morocco.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:444 (abstract no. 3168); Riyad M, Serrhini O, Sekkat S, Benslimane A; Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Maroc; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV infections in Morocco . METHODS: Several samples of Moroccan population have been included: 3462 blood donors (B.D) from different centres; 4807 subjects at risk (S.R); 2153 subjects with diseases associated with an immune deficiency (I.D). HIV1 antibodies have been screene
Changes in mode of HIV transmission among women reported with AIDS: New Jersey 1984-1989.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:444 (abstract no. 3169); Ryan J, Costa S, Beil J, Robeson L; New Jersey State Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the mode of HIV transmission among women reported with AIDS in New Jersey from 1984 through 1989. METHODS: The AIDS Reporting System (ARS) in New Jersey maintains information gathered from surveillance reports on New Jersey residents meeting the CDC definition of AIDS. Analyses of the percentage o
HIV screening in fertile and infertile population.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:444 (abstract no. 3170); Sankari SS, Sunithi S, Nalini L, Agalya S; Madras Medical College, Madras, India; OBJECTIVE: A pilot study of HIV screening and VDRL testing was conducted in the infertile and the fertile population of Tamilnadu attending the Govt. KG Hospital to know the incidence, endemicity & transmission of HIV infection. Confidential history of extramarital contact regarding their husbands, history of IV dr
HIV screening in fertile and infertile population.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:444 (abstract no. 3171); Sankari SS, Sunithi S, Nalini L, Agalya S; Madras Medical College, Madras, India; OBJECTIVE: A pilot study of HIV screening and VDRL testing was conducted in the infertile and the fertile population of Tamilnadu attending the Govt. KG Hospital to know the incidence, endemicity & transmission of HIV infection. Confidential history of extramarital contact regarding their husbands, history of IV dr
HIV surveillance system (LHSS) in Latium, Italy: update.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:445 (abstract no. 3172); Spadea T; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To monitor the occurrence of the HIV infection in Latium Region. METHODS: Laboratory-based LHSS active since October 1985. Every confirmed anti-HIV seropositivity anonymously notified to the REU by blood banks, screening every donated blood unit, and by laboratories, testing for HIV antibodies subjects refer
HIV infection in intravenous drug users in Berlin (West): risk factors and time trends.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:445 (abstract no. 3173); Stark K, Muller R, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Deininger S, Bienzle U; Landesinstitut fur Tropenmedizin Berlin, FRG; OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for HIV infection and to study time trends of HIV seroprevalence in intravenous drug users (IVDU) in Berlin (West). METHODS: From 1984 to 1989 784 heterosexual IVDU were recruited anonymously from facilities for drug treatment and counselling. Serological tests were carried out for
Italian serosurvey of HIV infection in parturients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:445 (abstract no. 3175); Stegagno M, Ippolito G, Costa F, Angeloni P, Aebisher ML, Angeloni U, Guzzanti E; Italian Collaborative Study Group for HIV prevalence in newborns. Coordinating Center: L. Spallanzani Hospital-Rome-Italy; OBJECTIVE: The increased incidence of HIV infection in females in reproductive age in Italy is responsible for the high number of pediatric AIDS cases. Therefore it is of primary importance to assess the prevalence of HIV infection among parturients in order to estimate the future incidence of pediatric AIDS cases. MET
The simultaneous occurrence of perinatal HIV-I and syphilis in Central Ethiopia: implications for control measures.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:446 (abstract no. 3176); Tafari N, Zewdie D, Gebrehiwot B, Kebede T; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; OBJECTIVE: To estimate the co-prevalence of HIV and T. pallidum infection in order to assess the impact of HIV on the prevention of congenital syphilis. METHODS: As part of an operational study on the effectiveness and efficiency of the current methods of prevention of congenital syphilis, we undertook an anonymous ser
HIV-I and hepatitis B virus infection risk for the healthcare workers of anaesthesiology and reanimation in Turkey: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:446 (abstract no. 3177); Bilgic A, Ugur G, Erensoy S, Kayaalti B, Erhan O; Ege Uni, Med. Fac. Dept. of Microbiology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; OBJECTIVE: In order to find out HIV-I and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection risk, sera of healthcare workers in Anaesthesiology and Reanimation Unit, patients who underwent surgical operation, and blood donors were studied for HIV-I and HBV serological markers. METHODS: 841 serum samples obtained from 79 healthcare wor
Sentinel surveillance of STD: its implications for AIDS control in Senegal.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:446 (abstract no. 3178); Ndoye I, Van Der Veen F, Samb ND, Mboup S, Sakho ML; Bureau National des MST, Dakar, Senegal; OBJECTIVES: In order to follow changes in prevalence and incidence of STD in several population groups in Senegal , a sentinel surveillance system for STD has been developed. METHODS: In sentinel areas, consultation rates for STD related syndromes are closely monitored and STD prevalence is evaluated regularly in pregn
Geographic patterns of HIV infection in childbearing women in the United States.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:446 (abstract no. 3179); Wasser S, Gwinn M, Munn V, Edeline M, Petersen L, Novello A; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the geographic dispersion of HIV-1 infection among childbearing women in the United States . METHODS: Since 1988, over 1.5 million specimens from newborns of 24 statewide surveys have been tested for the presence of maternal HIV-1 antibody. Data on the mother s residence and/or location of the hos
AIDS in women linked to drug use throughout Georgia, USA.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:447 (abstract no. 3180); Whyte BM, Carr JC; Georgia Department of Human Resources, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare AIDS cases in women living in the major metropolitan center of Georgia with those women living in other less urban areas of the state. METHODS: Data from all adult and adolescent females with AIDS reported in Georgia through 1989 were analyzed for differences in age, race, mode of HIV exposure and
Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (DNTM) in AIDS patients in Seattle-King County, Washington.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:447 (abstract no. 3181); Wortley P, Hopkins SG, Nolan CM; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; OBJECTIVES: 1) To compare demographic characteristics of AIDS patients with DNTM (CDC-defined) to all reported AIDS patients in Seattle-King County (S-KC). 2) To investigate the role of DNTM in AIDS mortality. METHODS: Surveillance of DNTM was possible because all positive mycobacterial cultures must be confirmed by th
Prevalence of HTLV-I in Benin.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:447 (abstract no. 3182); Zohoun T, Dumas M, Houinato D, Josse R, Denis F, Verdier M, Massougbodji A, Zohoun I, Leonard G; Faculte des Sciences de la Sante, Ministere Sante Publique, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Cotonou, Benin; OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of HTLV-I seroprevalence in Benin (West Africa). METHODS: A representative population of 2625 subjects aged over 6 were screened with IFI and ELISA tests from May 1988 to May 1989. Western Blot tests were used to confirm results. RESULTS: 39 positive cases (1.5% +/- 0.5%) with 2 HTLV-I + HIV-I ser
AIDS risk in plasma exchange and dialysis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:448 (abstract no. 3184); Bobji B; Department of Immuno Haematology, Apollo Hospitals, Madras, India; OBJECTIVE: To analyse the risk of transmission of HIV during plasma exchange programme and dialysis sessions. Analysis of the risk of professional involved in these procedures. METHODS: Our study was on 100 patients who underwent therapeutic plasmapheresis for a number of diseases not related to AIDS (Guillain-Barre Sy
Maternal P24 antigenemia does not predict HIV transmission to offspring.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:448 (abstract no. 3185); Borkowsky W, Papaevangelou V, Moore T, Nagaraj V, Krasinski K; NYU Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY. USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if plasma p24 concentrations in pregnant women at term are predictive of HIV transmission to offspring. METHODS: An antigen-capture ELISA was used to measure p24 in untreated (U), Tris/HC1 treated (TH) and NaOH treated (N) maternal plasma. Results were correlated with the pediatric virologic out
Incidence of HIV transmission within HIV-1 discordant heterosexual partnerships in Nairobi, Kenya.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:448 (abstract no. 3187); Clemetson D, Moss G, D'Costa L, Kreiss J, Ndinya-Achola J, Plummer FA; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of HIV transmission in stable sexual partnerships and the factors which influence infectivity and susceptibility. METHODS: HIV discordant couples recruited from the Nairobi City Commission Special Treatment Clinic were evaluated monthly with questionnaire, physical examination, STD dia
Risk factors for HIV infection in an urban hospital based STD clinic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:449 (abstract no. 3188); Bastien A, DeHovitz J, Covino JM, Smith B, Landesman S, Stevens R, McCormack W; SUNY-HSC, Brooklyn, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for HIV infection in patients presenting with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in a municipal hospital STD clinic. METHODS: For a two month period, consecutive unselected STD clinic patients were tested for HIV infection (ELISA, WB confirmed). Serum and demographic/risk data
HIV genomic sequences in seronegative high risk drug abusers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:449 (abstract no. 3189); Ensoli F, Fiorelli V, Mezzaroma I, D'Offizi GP, Pinter E, Amicucci P, Capobianchi M, Dianzani F, Aiuti F; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV genomic sequences and virus isolation in seronegative high risk drug abusers in comparison with seropositive individuals. METHODS: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out to amplify two highly conserved ENV regions on samples from 22 normals, 20 patients with HIV di
Seral studies on the transmission of HIV through commercial globulin preparation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:449 (abstract no. 3190); Jin L, Dehua J, Lianfu W, Yi Z, Guoxun L, Di L, Yuying L; Jining Hygiene & Antiepidemic Station, Shandong, P. R. China; OBJECTIVE: To study the potential risk of HIV transmission by injections (of) commercial globulin preparations (CGP) that contain HIV-1 antibody (HIV-Ab). METHODS: Sterile collection of sera was conducted by randomization from 343 individuals (Chinese) with previous injection of imported CGP between 1981 and 1987, and
Correlation between HIV and STD infection in two STD clinics in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:449 (abstract no. 3191); Monterroso E, Zacarias F, De Moya A, Puello E, Rodriguez E, Guerrero E; Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Washington, DC, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases in the population seeking services in two STD clinics. The study set out to correlate serology of HIV infection with clinical as well as laboratory manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases. METHODS: In a cross-sectional prevalence design
Blood exposure to surgical staff and frequency of exposure reporting.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:450 (abstract no. 3192); Popejoy S, Fry D; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of blood exposure in the operating room for a medical center located in an area with a low prevalence of HIV infection; to determine the frequency of reporting such exposure. METHODS: Circulating nurses were trained to observe and record all blood contact events during surgery and t
Vertical transmission of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:450 (abstract no. 3193); Signorini DJ, Rubini NP, Quinhoes EP, Morales PN, Sion FS, Morais-de-Sa CA, Rocco R, Cordovil AD, Santos EA; Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital, University of Rio de Janeiro (UNI-RIO) - Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of vertical transmission of HIV and its natural history in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . METHODS: The study comprised 22 HIV infected pregnant women. Children were examined shortly after delivery and at 3-monthly intervals. They were serologically tested for anti-HIV antibodies (Elisa - Genetic
HIV seroconversion in patients with genital ulcer disease in New York City: a prospective study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:450 (abstract no. 3194); Telzak EE, Chiasson M, Stoneburner R, Rivera J, Schultz S, Jaffe H; New York City Department of Health, NY, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare HIV seroconversion rates in patients who present to a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic with genital ulcers (GU), a putative cofactor in HIV transmission, to those who present for diagnosis and/or treatment of a non-ulcerative STD. METHODS: In a NYC STD clinic, where high rates of HIV and
Follow-up of infants born to HIV-infected women identified in a prenatal screening program.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:450 (abstract no. 3195); Van Dyke R, Calligaro D, Africk D, Redlin C, Alchediak T; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of vertical transmission of HIV to children born to HIV-infected mothers, and the natural history of infection in these infants. METHODS: HIV-infected women were identified through a voluntary screening program in the prenatal clinic of a larger inner city hospital in which all women ar
Prevalence of HIV antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in family blood donors.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:451 (abstract no. 3196); Sifuentes J, Santamaria V, Jauregui A, Ponce-de-Leon S, Lopez-Vidal Y, Ruiz-Palacios G; Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico; OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and HBsAg in family blood donors. METHODS: Samples were obtained from family blood donors at our Institute from June 1987 through December 1989, tested for HIV antibodies and HBsAg by ELISA (Behring). Western blot assay (Organon Tekni
A pre-evaluation of a new, WHO-proposed staging system for HIV-infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:451 (abstract no. 3197); Schechter M, May S, Perez M, Bretas G, Ramos-Filho CF, Lima LA; AIDS Programme, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To make a preliminary evaluation of a new, WHO-proposed, 4-tiered staging system for HIV infection, with regard to its capability to predict disease progression. METHODS: A chart review of 75 consecutive patients was performed, abstracting data pertaining to their 1st visit and to the last recorded one, betw
HIV-2 infection in Marseilles.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:451 (abstract no. 3198); Tamalet C, Rousseau S, Gallais H, Pestre P, Tamalet J; Virology, Hopital de la Timone, Marseilles, France; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of HIV-2 antibodies (Ab) in subjects in Marseilles. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1990, 88.482 sera were collected in Marseilles and tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 using the ELISA and Western blot (W.B) tests. HIV-1-HIV-2 discrimination was performed by synthetic peptide analysis. RESULTS
Progression of HIV disease among antibody-positive infants and children, Los Angeles County, California.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:451 (abstract no. 3199); Mascola L, Frederick T, Evans M, Eller A, Church J, Bryson Y, Kovacs A, Gomperts E, Oxtoby M; LAC, Dept. of Health Services, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical status and progression of HIV-related morbidity in a group of HIV-infected (HIVI) children. METHODS: We analyzed pediatric HIVI reports obtained by an active surveillance system from 3/88 through 11/89. Children whose clinical status was reported as PO, P1 and P2 non-AIDS were follow
Gay relationships: contexts for unsafe sex: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:454 (abstract no. 4000); Dowsett GW, Connell RW, Crawford J, Kippax S, Baxter D, Watson L; Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; OBJECTIVES: To describe the dynamics of gay relationships in which unsafe sex has occurred since the advent of HIV infection, and to assess the relationship between context, knowledge and behaviour in these occurrences. METHODS: A small number of gay men, recruited from an existing large-scale survey, participated in o
Prostitutes prevent AIDS: AIDS prevention programs for sex workers and clients utilize the expertise of prostitutes: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:454 (abstract no. 4001); Alexander P; International Committee for Prostitutes Rights (ICPR), San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To empower sex workers to protect themselves, and by extension their clients, non-paying sex partners, and future children from HIV infection and disease. METHODS: Recruit, train, and employ current and former sex workers as AIDS prevention educators, targeting currently working prostitutes, clients, non-pay
The use of live theatre to raise awareness about AIDS and related issues among aboriginal people.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:454 (abstract no. 4002); Adams E, Wortman JA; Native Health Promotion Society, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; OBJECTIVE: To raise awareness among aboriginal people about the risk of AIDS and its relationship to other issues. METHODS: Snapshots , a drama depicting the experiences of a native youth who discovers he has AIDS was developed. Because of his homosexuality the youth lives in the city alienated from his home on the res
Romance, tourism, and AIDS: community organizing and empowerment in Santo Domingo, D.R.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:454 (abstract no. 4003); Gonzalez MA, Warren N; CUNY Graduate Center, NYC, USA; OBJECTIVE: Identify patterns of potential and actual HIV exposure and barriers for its prevention among young people in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic . METHODS: Research took place during the summer of 1989. We implemented focus groups, interviews, and practiced participant observation. We also contacted service pr
Designing family planning services for the prevention of HIV infection in high-risk women: the San Francisco PHREDA project: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:455 (abstract no. 4004); Oliva G, Tunstall C, Cooper F, Stein E, Kegeles S, Darney P; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To identify the essential elements and barriers to care in the provision of HIV prevention and family planning services to substance-abusing women, partners of high-risk men, and women in the sex industry. This population has not previously been successfully reached by traditional family planning services, r
AIDS and the next generation: towards a morally acceptable public policy on HIV testing of pregnant women and newborns: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:455 (abstract no. 4005); Faden R, Geller G, Powers GM, Acuff K, Allen A, Areen J, Hutton N, Johnson TR, Kass NE, King P, et al; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland, USA; Among the many tragic dimensions of the HIV epidemic as it moves into the 1990 s is the growing number of infants with AIDS. As the numbers of pediatric AIDS cases continues to increase, there is increasing interest in testing pregnant women and newborns for evidence of HIV infection. This paper, authored by an interdi
A comprehensive care program for mothers and children with HIV infection: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:455 (abstract no. 4006); Wade N, Manjunath K, LePow M, Pollara B, Elmendorf S, Ross S, Jobin L, Langford L, Adams M, Bont P; Albany Medical College, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Albany, N.Y., USA; Objective: Albany Medical College has organized a comprehensive coordinated program to care for mothers and children with HIV infection. The program is conducted weekly in one clinic site and includes personnel from the departments of pediatrics and internal medicine. Mothers are referred to the clinic during the last
HIV infection and developmental disabilities: experiences of a therapeutic parent/child group: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:455 (abstract no. 4007); Grosz J, Lieberman A, Hopkins K, Bidell G, Cohen H, Rubinstein A; Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, USA; As medical treatments for AIDS including AZT , become more available, children who are HIV+ will be living longer than previously expected. These children are known to be at significant risk for developmental disabilities. Difficulties in providing for the psychosocial, educational and therapeutic needs of the children
Effects on HIV serological testing on homosexual risk behaviors: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:456 (abstract no. 4008); Jacobsberg L, Fishman B, Weiler P, Perry S; Cornell University Medical College, N.Y., N.Y., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of HIV antibody testing with counseling on HIV-related risk behaviors among gay and bisexual men. METHODS: A self-report risk behavior questionnaire was given to 347 physically asymptomatic gay/bisexual men (CDC II/III) when they voluntarily sought confidential HIV testing in a priva
Factors influencing trends in the use of real names and identifiers at an HIV counseling and testing site (CTS) in Minnesota: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:456 (abstract no. 4009); Carman M, Bilek L, Henry K; St. Paul Division of Public Health, St. Paul MN USA; OBJECTIVES: To determine certain attitudinal and behavioral trends regarding provision of real names and or identifiers among clients of a Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) sponsored HIV CTS in St. Paul, MN, and the effect of public policies on those trends in a state where HIV infection has been reportable since 19
Informed consent and acceptance of HIV testing in an impoverished Haitian urban slum: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:456 (abstract no. 4010); Brutus JR, Kissinger P, Boulos R, Ruff A, Halsey N, Coberly J, Holt E, Adrien M, Boulos C; The Centers for Development and Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; OBJECTIVE: To determine the acceptance rate and factors associated with acceptance of HIV-1 testing in two clinic populations. METHODS: HIV-1 testing was offered to women the day after delivery of a child and to patients with signs of HIV-1 disease attending health care clinics. Pre and post-test counseling were provid
Social class and sex-related differences of individuals seeking anonymous HIV-testing: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:456 (abstract no. 4011); Hessling A, Marcus U, Bek B, Schwartlander B, Koch MA; AIDS-Center, Federal Health Office, Berlin, FRG; OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of social class and sex differences of individuals seeking anonymous HIV-testing and counselling. METHODS: Since January 1989 we started a voluntary and anonymous questionnaire in the AIDS-Counseling-Center of the Federal Health Office. Information are collected from individuals (genera
The impact of counselling on knowledge of AIDS/HIV among sero-positive women in a Dublin centre: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:457 (abstract no. 4012); Foran D, Ross D, Foreman M, Flynn D, Pomeroy L, Mulcahy FM; Dublin, Ireland; OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among two groups, those receiving counselling and those who are not. METHOD: A questionnaire was administered to HIV positive women attending the GUM clinic at St. James s Hospital. They were asked whether they had received pre and post test counselling in the pa
Effectiveness of an AIDS Educational Program: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:457 (abstract no. 4013); Jarvis R, Isaacman S, Closen M; Nova University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of offering a course on AIDS and Law to students. METHOD: Pre- and post-semester surveys were administered to students enrolled in an AIDS and Law class at three USA institutions. RESULTS: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. CONCLUSION: The survey suggests the course influenced students
AIDS knowledge and attitudes among law students: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:457 (abstract no. 4014); Issacman SH, Closen ML; The John Marshall Law School, Chicago, IL USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess law students knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS. METHOD: A 23 item questionnaire assessing the knowledge and attitudes of law students toward persons with HIV/AIDS was administered to law students at three USA institutions in the fall of 1989. Students were grouped by enrollment (I) or nonenrol
AIDS/HIV clinical trial and experimental treatment information distributed by computer disk: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:457 (abstract no. 4015); Huff R, Fretz E, Clore A, Beirn T; American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR), AIDS/HIV Experimental Treatment Directory, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop a system for distributing up to date, detailed information about clinical trials and experimental therapies for AIDS and HIV on a timely basis to a network of regional information providers. METHODS: Computer disks containing data files in an IBM format are mailed to users on a monthly basis. A di
Accessibility of prescription drugs: evaluating a model of care delivery: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:458 (abstract no. 4016); Benge M, Chambers R, Watson T; St. Clare's Hospital and Health Center, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To analyze a program making medication available to HIV-infected patients awaiting government assistance. METHODS: Prescriptions were guaranteed at a retail pharmacy against grant money for out-patients who were qualified for assistance but had not yet received official notification of eligibility. Distribut
Hospital and community services for persons with AIDS: a national study: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:458 (abstract no. 4017); Fuszard B, Sowell R, Waters M, Dushku J; Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: This study sought to answer the two questions: How do hospitals and their communities compare by size and geographic region in readiness to receive increasing numbers of AIDS patients? What are the obstacles to comprehensive community planning for AIDS patients? METHODS: Nurse executives from 900 non-federal
Coordinated response to HIV infection: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:458 (abstract no. 4018); Gadbaw J, Ryan L, Moalli G; Lawrence and Memorial Hospital, New London, Connecticut, USA; OBJECTIVE: Provide a coordinated community response for prevention and treatment of HIV infection. METHODS: Interrelated services provided by a hospital based infectious disease clinic providing medical and psychosocial management of HIV infected patients with counseling services; AIDS risk reduction outreach workers (
The future of AIDS services at Cook County Hospital, Chicago, 1990 - 1994.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:458 (abstract no. 4019); Sherer R; AIDS Prevention Service, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in AIDS/HIV prevalence in Cook County and to predict future AIDS service needs and utilization at Cook County Hospital (CCH) from 1990-1994. METHODS: We analyzed current and projected data from the Chicago Department of Health on AIDS/HIV prevalence from 1990-1994 and data from CCH on AIDS/
AIDS service problems in US rural states and smaller cities: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:459 (abstract no. 4020); Batchelor WF, Anderson J, Ferels J; John Snow, Inc., Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Examine AIDS service delivery system in sample of 10 rural states and small/medium sized US cities with a fairly low incidence of AIDS. METHODS: Telephone interviews and 4-day site visits; meetings with AIDS service organization, state/local government, hospitals/clinics, community leaders, People with AIDS,
The role of a visiting physician in an AIDS care program: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:459 (abstract no. 4021); Feleke G, Holder F, Glatt A, Forlenza S; Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, US; INTRODUCTION: Many persons with AIDS(PWA) have significant others (SO s) willing to assist in patient care thereby allowing home care if proper medical monitoring can be assured. To optimize home medical care, a visiting physician (VP) service provided medical care for PWA at home. OBJECTIVE: To describe 16 months of t
Helping Hands program: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:459 (abstract no. 4022); Peyser NP; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To enhance the quality of life for patients in the Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) who are homebound due to AIDS/ARC, and who are socially isolated. METHODS: MMTP patients served as buddies for other MMTP patients who were homebound or institutionalized due to AIDS (PWA s). Training was conduc
Reliability of the Karnofsky performance status in the HIV population: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:459 (abstract no. 4023); Riggs R, O'Dell M, Turner J, Crawford A, Abrams C; The Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; OBJECTIVE: This study examined the interrater reliability of the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) in the HIV population. METHODS: Persons with documented CDC Groups II-IV HIV disease were identified in a medical setting. Each was evaluated by either 2 physicians (P-P) or a physician and physician s assistant (P-PA).
Palliative care utilization in a teaching hospital: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:460 (abstract no. 4024); Goldstone I, Sigurnjak R, Shaw C, Ruedy J, Montaner J, Sestak P; St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; OBJECTIVE: To study the location of death as an indication of the impact of a newly opened (5/89) integrated Palliative Care Program. The Program consists of an inpatient unit (PCU), respite care, GP home visits and liaison with home care and AIDS support groups. METHOD: All AIDS deaths, 129 (1989), of the AIDS Care Pr
Meeting the homecare needs of people with AIDS (PWA's): Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:460 (abstract no. 4025); Walsh J; New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine levels of homecare required to meet needs of AIDS patients referred to homecare coordinator (HCC) of in-patient/out-patient AIDS unit at major New York medical center; to identify trends in care levels. METHOD: Retrospective review of cases referred to HCC from Jun-Dec 1989 (N=120 referrals). Re
AIDS health attitude survey: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:460 (abstract no. 4026); Strawn JM; APT Foundation/Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; OBJECTIVE: The AIDS Health Attitude Survey (AHAS) assesses health-related beliefs and practices in the context of imagined HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IVDU) and their sexual partners. Complementary therapies have been successful in improving quality of life among HIV infected white gay men. It is not kn
Ethnography of the San Francisco needle exchange: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:460 (abstract no. 4027); Wenger L, Moore L, Hasbrouck L, Case P, Clark G, Garcia D; University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an unsanctioned, street-based, needle exchange (NE) program, Prevention Point, on the injection drug using (IDU) community in San Francisco. METHODS: The analysis is based on six months of participant observation of a NE team in a multi-ethnic neighborhood of San Francisco. Techniqu
Unifying health services for children with HIV: a nursing care model: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:461 (abstract no. 4028); Czarniecki L, Burr C, Barros J, Hernandez M, Schwolsky E, Boland M; Children's Hospital of New Jersey, Newark, N.J., USA; OBJECTIVES: Development of an organized structure to provide continuous and coordinated care to children with HIV within an acute care setting. METHODS: Working with a clinical nurse specialist (CNS), nurse case managers (NCMs), teamed with social workers, provide the link between HIV infected families, the acute care
An effective approach to providing comprehensive treatment for the HIV infected child: "One stop shopping": Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:461 (abstract no. 4029); Caffrey B, Nozyce M, Wiznia A, Harris A, Caspe W; Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: Develop a model to efficiently meet the needs of HIV infected children in a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach. METHODS: A three tier model was developed to meet the needs of an impoverished community at high risk for HIV infection. 1) Pre and post-test counseling is provided to high risk mothers on the
AIDS home HEALTH, attendant and hospice care: utilization of direct services through California's case management pilot projects: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:461 (abstract no. 4030); Devine M, Falknor P, Reyes C, Frazier T; California Department of Health Service (CDHS), Sacramento, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To meet the need to provide quality, humane and cost-effective home and community-based care services to persons with AIDS, CDHS, Office of AIDS (OA) established comprehensive case management projects (CHC) throughout the State. CHC case management must effectively link clients with necessary services and ma
Comprehensive AIDS intervention training for community health outreach workers, 1988-1990: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:461 (abstract no. 4031); Norman P, Aldrich MR; Youth Environment Study (YES) Training Center, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a comprehensive training curriculum for Community Health Outreach Workers (CHOWs), Field Supervisors, and Administrators doing street-based outreach to intravenous drug users, sexual partners, and high-risk youth. METHODS: Curricula for CHOWs (10 days) and Supervisors (5 days) were d
Designated pediatric and maternal HIV services: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:462 (abstract no. 4032); Feldman I, Rango N, Warren B; AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop a service system for HIV positive children birth to 21 years of age and pregnant women which provides family-centered, comprehensive, coordinated, case managed services. METHODS: In 1986, the New York State Department of Health s AIDS Institute implemented the designated AIDS center system to prov
Combined AIDS and addiction service delivery in an anonymous drop-in HIV test site- project TRUST: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:462 (abstract no. 4033); Felch F, Fitzgerald B, LaChapelle R, Santiago V; Boston City Hospital Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass., USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare service requests and follow-up utilization in a group of persons seeking a variety of AIDS and addiction related services at an anonymous drop-in HIV test site for injection drug users and their contacts. METHODS: Demographics and risk behavior data was collected on all persons requesting services
A model comprehensive counseling and clinical care program for HIV positive persons: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:462 (abstract no. 4034); VanDevanter N, Shipton-Levy R, Steilen M, Stuart A, Brodegaard N, Cleary P; Columbia University School of Public Health, N.Y., N.Y., USA; OBJECTIVE: To provide HIV infected persons with a comprehensive counseling and care program that maximizes their potential for healthy and productive lives while limiting the spread of HIV to non-infected persons. METHODS: A comprehensive program has been developed and implemented for a group of 496 HIV seropositive pe
The role of community health centers in HIV prevention and treatment services: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:462 (abstract no. 4035); Fairchild P, Coolidge J, Keehn A, Kunches L, Liebling L, Mazzullo J, Stewart J, Wroblewski S, Salomon P; DHHS, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA; OBJECTIVES: There are over 500 Community Health Centers (CHCs) funded by the federal government providing primary care health services nationwide. CHCs serve approximately 5,300,000 people annually, including many ethnic and racial minorities and low income populations. Research has been conducted to determine how CHCs
A residential design for the changing face of AIDS: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:463 (abstract no. 4036); Hennessey PJ, Declercq ER, Hernandez RA; The Merrimack College Urban Institute, Lawrence, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To design a residential facility which responds to the projected needs of PWAs and HIV+ persons in the 1990s. METHODS: Investigation involved: the examination of several existing residential sites; interviews with house managers, social workers and administrators; analysis of demographic data on HIV infectio
Self-deferral to donating blood from subjects with behaviour at risk for AIDS: two programs evaluation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:463 (abstract no. 4038); Angeloni P, Maggiori M, Miceli M, Aebischer ML, Mercurio G, Guidotti F; National Blood Transfusion Centre of Italian Red Cross, Rome Italy; OBJECTIVE: to reduce the risk of HIV 1 infection associated to blood transfusion from donors infected only recently and negative, according to antibody tests, at the time of donation. METHOD: the program of donors self-exclusion, before medical screening, based on the self compilation of confidential questionnaire incl
AIDS clinical trials group: an activist evaluation: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:463 (abstract no. 4039); Eigo J; ACT UP, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: People with HIV urgently need treatments; their number grows. Clinical trials programs must deliver new therapeutic agents & new clinical understanding of approved agents. ACT UP NY, an AIDS activist organization, has sought to evaluate the government network of AIDS clinical trials. METHODS: Through con
The role of the patient advocate in the development of treatment protocols for dideoxyinosine (ddI).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:464 (abstract no. 4040); Barr D, Lipner J; Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: An analysis of the creation of a program to provide ddI to patients through treatment protocols which parallel the clinical trials for the drug. METHODS: The process by which patient advocates and community-based physicians helped to create the ddI treatment program will be discussed. Patient advocates worke
Fear of contagion to AIDS in registered nurses: a state-wide survey: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:464 (abstract no. 4041); Meisenhelder JB; New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA; OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this correlational study is to measure the extent of RN s fear of contagion to AIDS and identify contributing factors. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was mailed to 200 RN s randomly selected from the state registration list. Instruments included Bouton s Fear of AIDS and Homophobia scales
Demand for AIDS related information by health professionals in Texas and Oklahoma.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:464 (abstract no. 4043); Grimes RM, Baade HD, Englander MS; AIDS Regional Education and Training Centers for Texas and Oklahoma, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; OBJECTIVE: Determining the nature of requests for information handled by a toll free AIDS HELPLINE for Health Professionals established to provide current literature, educational information, and clinical consultations. METHODS; Maintain a database which records the nature of information requested, the profession and g
Evaluation of behavioral changes in health care personnel of an AIDS information and detection center.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:465 (abstract no. 4044); Rossi L, Salame E, Garcia ML, Ornelas G, Chavez P, Chavez F, Sepulveda J; CONASIDA, Mexico City, Mexico; OBJECTIVE: To determine the behavioral changes of a health care personnel group, working in direct contact with HIV/AIDS patients, giving information, medical, psychological, social support education and research, after 12 months of work. METHODS: Ten health workers (8 women - 2 men) answered a pre-post questionnaire.
Information gaps among HIV service providers: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:465 (abstract no. 4045); Ouren J, Pittman-Lindeman M; Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To identify information gaps among HIV service providers in education/prevention, treatment, services, policy and administration. METHODS: Physicians, nurses, social workers, community-based organization (CBO) staff, other front line workers and policy makers attending the 1989 National AIDS Update Conferenc
Promoting HIV/AIDS education programs on college campuses: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:465 (abstract no. 4046); Woods D, Hutton N; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA; OBJECTIVE: College campuses are important locations for disseminating AIDS prevention information to a potentially high risk audience, yet the vehicle used must be extremely visible and sustained for the campus-based education programs to be successful. METHODS: The National AIDS Information and Education Program has a
Action oriented and participant observation strategies used to enhance participation of students in the prevention of AIDS: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:465 (abstract no. 4047); Bastien R, Longpre D, Thomas R, Otis J, Provencher S, Lonergan G; Department de Sante Communautaire de l'Hopital Charles LeMoyne, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada; OBJECTIVES: In the weeks preceding the 89 world AIDS day, students were involved in the development and implementation of information/education and communication activities regarding the prevention of AIDS. The presentation will focus on the process involved in the strategies used ( action research and participation ob
Youth awareness and AIDS control programs in Kenya.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:466 (abstract no. 4048); Abilla WD; University of Nairobi, Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to elicit as much information on youth awareness, knowledge, attitudes and the participation in existing Local and National AIDS Control Programmes in Kenya . The study further investigates social, cultural, and psychological factors known to militate against the fight against AIDS. T
An evaluation of an AIDS education programme for "coloured" school teachers: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:466 (abstract no. 4049); Engelbrecht H, Wilson A; AIDS Centre, South African Institute for Medical Research (SAIMR), Johannesburg, South Africa (SA); OBJECTIVE: To meet the information and training needs of Coloured school teachers to enable them to educate and counsel pupils in Johannesburg, SA. METHOD: An initial assessment of needs was done by means of interviews, and training was designed to meet specific requirements. Five groups of 20 teachers attended a train
Innovative school AIDS education pilot projects in developing countries: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:466 (abstract no. 4050); Bennett D, Deniaud F, Erben R, Flanagan D, Katerega C, Kyazze J; World Health Organization, Programme on AIDS, Health Promotion Unit; OBJECTIVES: (1) to create school AIDS education programmes based on young people s actual behaviours and concerns rather than theories of developmental stages; and (2) to develop methods to evaluate school programmes not only on enthusiasm and knowledge gained but on behavioural and health indicators. METHODS: (1) Init
What worksite AIDS-HIV concerns do employees have & does education decrease the concerns?: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:466 (abstract no. 4051); Verolini D, Bartnof HS, Bostrom A; Calif. School of Professional Psychology, Alameda, Calif, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the types of worksite AIDS-HIV (A-H) concerns which white-collar employees have and the effects on AIDS-HIV educational seminar (AHES) will have on those concerns. METHODS: N= 1,652 white collar employees from 8 AIDS-endemic U.S. & Canadian cities were surveyed before & after an onsite 2-
AIDS education in the workplace: the European experience: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:467 (abstract no. 4052); Raymond MJ; Scottish Health Education Group, Edinburgh, UK; OBJECTIVE: An overview of the state of the art of AIDS education activities in European Workplaces, updating a previous study carried out for the World Health Organisation. METHODS: Drawing from interviews and written material, broad themes will be identified and illustrated by brief case studies. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSI
Employer responses to AIDS: ethnic minority versus majority firms: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:467 (abstract no. 4053); Miller RL, Humes S, Barr J, Warshaw L, Reinfeld M; The Gay Men's Health Crisis, Inc., New York, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: While it is sufficiently documented that ethnic minority communities are disproportionately affected by AIDS and are less well educated about AIDS than their majority counterparts, few AIDS preventive education efforts targeted at ethnic minority groups have utilized the workplace. In fact, little is known a
The workplace: large advances for small businesses: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:467 (abstract no. 4054); Schwartz B, Williams KR; U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: This paper identifies and discusses leverage points, motivating factors and programs successful in stimulating small businesses to educate employees about the prevention of HIV. METHODS: Needs assessment surveys have been used as the basis for designing education strategies responsive to small business needs
An enquiry into the social experience of AIDS in a work context: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:467 (abstract no. 4055); Gerst A, Auquier P, Court E, Manuel C, Enel P, Sambuc R; GIMS, Marseilles, France; OBJECTIVE: To determine attitudes to AIDS in a work-context and to seek possible means of modifying reactions to AIDS between employer and employee and between employees. METHODS: Definition of a random sample representative of the working population of a large town which calls on the services of industrial health insp
Social and cultural aspects of ARC/AIDS patients in a national AIDS center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:468 (abstract no. 4056); Marins H, Santos S; Social Work Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FURJ), Brazil; OBJECTIVE: To study social and cultural aspects of ARC/AIDS inpatients in an AIDS reference center. METHODS: Four hundred and seventy five ARC/AIDS inpatients were studied for demographics and HIV transmission at the FURJ University Hospital, between 07/87 and 12/89, through individual interviews and family meetings. R
HIV and prison service policy: problems and solutions.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:468 (abstract no. 4058); Wool R; Home Office Prison Medical Service, London, U.K.; The Medical Directorate is responsible for the formulation of policy on HIV in the Prison Service in England and Wales. The prison service is a national organisation and is currently developing a broad strategic approach to the problems HIV presents in penal establishments. This includes the provision of guidelines on
U.S. criminal justice and correctional agencies' response to AIDS: perceived roles and new opportunities: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:468 (abstract no. 4059); Hammett TM, Hunt D, Moini S; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge MA USA; OBJECTIVES: To examine the perceived roles of criminal justice and correctional agencies in responding to AIDS and to suggest opportunities for expanded activity, particularly in education. METHODS: Based on multiple surveys of correctional, law enforcement, and probation and parole agencies, 1985-1989. RESULTS: Crimin
Housing and residential health-related facilities for people with AIDS: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:469 (abstract no. 4060); Davis JL, King C, Sawyer E, Warn D, Macdonald K; PWA Housing Committee of ACT UP/New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: Explain that: to protect health, housing is a need (to avoid opportunistic infections, etc.) for the 25,000 homeless people with AIDS in the U.S., and everywhere. Solutions: METHOD: Define various types of 1. housing (apartments), 2. housing with supportive services, & 3. various residential health-relat
The necessity of self-empowerment by the person with HIV: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:469 (abstract no. 4061); Long D, Hodel D, Meally R, Uitdenbosch P, Layne G, Hanson T; Healing Alternatives Foundation, San Francisco, California USA; Objective: Our theory is the more involved the individual becomes with their illness the more they know about AIDS and the O.I. s they may come down with, the easier it is for the individual to use positive attitudes to help keep themselves healthier longer. Method: The way we dealt with this is a group of PWA s got to
People with AIDS as activists: redefining the role of the patient.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:469 (abstract no. 4062); Powers T, Glass JE; AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the emerging conflicts and new ethical questions which are being raised by the PWA (People with AIDS) activist movement. METHODS: We offer an analysis of AIDS activism in the United States over the past three years, interviews with PWA activists, a critical examination of the relevant demands and
HIV from A to Z - A SELF CARE MANUAL: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:469 (abstract no. 4063); Blomberg P, Cox S, Fishman E, Himovitz M, Jackson A, Jannson C, O'Riordan L, Pardi S, Vollenweider P; Sacramento AIDS Foundation, Sacramento, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: This manual was developed by and for the thousands of HIV positive individuals in the Northern California Region. The comprehensive nature of the manual covers the critical concerns of individuals from all ethnic groups, and all risk groups. METHODS: A unique methodology was set up to design this manual. A s
Community organization and perspectives on AIDS struggle in Mexico.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:470 (abstract no. 4064); Luna F, Galvan F, Gonzalez R; UNAM, GIS-SIDA, AC, Mexico; Objectives: To shape a patron of NGO s working on AIDS; identifying and illustrating areas of influence of these groups, as well as characteristic actions; relating social groups action with public policies development. Methodology: Interviews documental and media analysis, in-live research, etc. Results: There are at
Education in a small, conservative community from the perspective of a community based organization.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:470 (abstract no. 4065); Tresidder J; Executive Director, AIDS Committee of Guelph and Wellington County, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; OBJECTIVE: To prevent the spread of HIV infection through education. How is education - prevention accomplished in a community which wishes to believe HIV/AIDS is a reality only in larger cities and to those other people ? METHODS: Two aspects of education were investigated: 1) measurement of response in groups which r
A model for cooperation between university medical centers (UMC's) and community-based organizations (CBO's) responding to HIV disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:470 (abstract no. 4066); Bastien A, Freedman P, Conde A, Sinclair L, DeHovitz J; SUNY AIDS Prevention Center (APC), Brooklyn, NY. USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of a UMC in the development of HIV educational/preventive services for CBO s. METHOD: The HIV epidemic provides an opportunity for UMC s to assist CBO s to enhance the effectiveness of their HIV related services. Specific assistance provided by UMC s includes: 1. Facilitating evaluation
Working together with Afro Brazilian religious leaders in AIDS prevention and control in Sao Paolo.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:470 (abstract no. 4067); Inglesi E, Fernandes ME, Ferreira AC, Ferreira G; Reference and Training Center, S/tao Paolo, Brazil; In November, 1988 the Department of Health started to mobilize the leaders of Candomble (C.), an Afro Brazilian Religion, to develop AIDS Pevention and to establish together safe rituals . The C. has believers from all social classes, black and white people, being most of them from the poor segment of the society. Acco
Financial monitoring of hospital care for HIV infected patients at patient-level or hospital-level.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:471 (abstract no. 4068); Jong JT, Dijkgraaf MG, Poos MJ, Borleffs JC, Jager JC; National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: To implement an expert-system designed for finance administrators and economists concerning treatment of HIV infected patients in the hospital. METHODS: Interviews with financial experts within the hospital were used to define a menu-structure on top of an existing data base, in which data related to (costs
The sociocultural and economic impact of AIDS on society: epidemiological developments and public policy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:471 (abstract no. 4069); Van den Boom FM, Jager JC, Reinking DP, Postma MJ; Netherlands Institute of Mental Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVES: Analysis of the present and exploration of future impact of the HIV/AIDS-epidemic in the Netherlands in order to contribute to: 1) the formulation of long term policy; 2) a multinational study on the impact of AIDS (WHO-Europe). METHODS: Literaturestudy, application of mathematical models, delphi method and
Trends in hospital utilization by AIDS patients in San Francisco, 1984-1988.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:471 (abstract no. 4070); Hernandez SR, Strychaz F, Baskett LH, Payne SF, Rutherford GW, Werdegar D; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in hospital utilization by AIDS patients in San Francisco from 1984 to 1988. METHODS: We reviewed hospital discharge data from all 14 non-federal acute care hospitals in San Francisco for San Francisco residents only. We calculated numbers of living AIDS patients (LPWA) and their total numb
Morbidity associated with HIV infection, United States, 1983-1987.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:471 (abstract no. 4071); Rosenblum L, Buehler J, Moien M; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA and Hyattsville, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the morbidity and spectrum of disease associated with HIV infection among persons hospitalized in the United States . METHODS: We analyzed records with ICD-9-CM codes for HIV infection or AIDS from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (1983-87), which is based on a representative sample of disc
Patterns in the use of medical services through time by AIDS clinic patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:472 (abstract no. 4072); Henke CJ, Greenblatt RM, McMaster JR; University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: This paper examines the utilization of outpatient physician visits (OPVS) and probability of hospitalization (HOSP) by AIDS clinic patients as their HIV-related disease progresses after first symptom. Specific questions are a) how does utilization change through the course of the illness, b) are there tradeo
HIV service and cost profiles in selected cities.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:472 (abstract no. 4073); Baitty R, Berk M; Health Resources and Services Administration, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: Measure and compare the use and cost of services provided in selected Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) HIV Service Demonstration Projects. METHODS: Data was collected on the use and cost of a wide range of health and social support services provided to more than 1000 clients in selected HR
Ambulatory care costs and indirect costs in symptomatic HIV-disease: a time-oriented health outcome study (ATHOS).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:472 (abstract no. 4074); Lubeck D, Kehr C, Fries J; Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To employ the ATHOS data banks to track ambulatory care utilization and the indirect costs of disease management. METHODS: ATHOS design is based on observational study of 1,000 symptomatic male patients seen at multiple sites. Data are collected from medical records and from periodic patient self-administere
Hospital financing and treatment of AIDS patients: emerging trends and implications for the 1990s.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:472 (abstract no. 4075); Andrulis DP, Weslowski V, Hintz B, Spolarich A; National Public Health and Hospitals Institute, Washington, D.C. USA; The National Public Health and Hospital Institute, with cooperation of several major hospital associations, has been conducting comprehensive surveys of AIDS inpatient and outpatient treatment, requesting detailed information on utilization, financing and patient characteristics related to AIDS care from several hundre
Developing a comprehensive volunteer educational service delivery program.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:473 (abstract no. 4076); Holmes JM; Gay Men's Health Crisis, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To provide HIV/AIDS educational programs utilizing volunteer resources and to make those programs responsive to the changing and increasingly diverse needs generated by the epidemic. METHODS: An initial needs assessment was conducted among program managers to define specific programmatic needs for volunteer
Treatment assessment program - financial impact preliminary results from first site.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:473 (abstract no. 4077); Goldschmidt FK, Seiz R, Siegel B, Young S, Hummel R; New Jersey State Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop estimates of the financial impact of a new Treatment Assessment Program (TAP) on New Jersey s health care system. METHODS: On October 4, 1989, the New Jersey Department of Health implemented a comprehensive early intervention - prophylaxis program (Treatment Assessment Program, TAP) for persons in
Cost-effectiveness analysis of early treatment of HIV disease with zidovudine (AZT).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:473 (abstract no. 4078); Cheung TW, Fahs M, Sacks HS; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of early treatment of HIV disease with AZT . METHODS: Population estimate: 1) ARC patients, based on a prospective study of HIV seropositive men at San Francisco and the Survey of the Greater New York, 2) asymptomatic HIV infected persons, from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Stu
Local government responses to HIV, 1990 and beyond - United States.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:473 (abstract no. 4079); Gambrell AE, Kelly J, Johnson R; The United States Conference of Mayors/United States Conference of Local Health Officers, Washington, DC, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the status of local government programmatic and policy responses to HIV vis-a-vis the demands of increasing numbers of cases in the next decade, specifically regarding the status of local government planning and resources allocated for HIV education, early intervention, and treatment services. METH
Migration of Texas AIDS cases before dying in 1986.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:474 (abstract no. 4080); Townsend E, Suarez L, Reed CM, MacLean R, Smith W; Texas Department of Health, Austin, Texas, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine urban and rural patterns of in- and out-migration of Texas AIDS cases between time of diagnosis and time of death. METHODS: For all cases in the Texas AIDS registry who died in 1986, the Texas county of residence at time of diagnosis was compared to the county in which they died. Counties were c
The national AIDS information clearinghouse.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:474 (abstract no. 4081); Herring LW; National AIDS Information and Education Program, CDC, PHS, DHHS, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To provide comprehensive information about HIV/AIDS service organizations, clinical trials and educational materials to public health managers, health professionals and AIDS service providers. METHODS: The National AIDS Information Clearinghouse (NAIC) was initiated in October 1987 by the Public Health Servi
Information services for health professionals in Texas and Oklahoma provided by the regional education and training center.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:474 (abstract no. 4082); Baade HD, Grimes RM, Englander MS; AIDS Regional Education and Training Centers for Texas and Oklahoma, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; OBJECTIVE: Determine the utilization of a toll free AIDS HELPLINE for Health Professionals established to provide current literature, educational information, and clinical consultations. METHODS: Maintain a database which records the nature of information requested, the profession and geographic location of the caller,
The media and health education in AIDS prevention.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:474 (abstract no. 4083); Jimenez MV, Bond LS; Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., USA; OBJECTIVE: To provide a review and assessment of the mass media s treatment of the HIV/AIDS topic as seen in the American region. METHODS: Information on reporting strategies and content analysis of various AIDS media was collected and studied as was Washington Post Indices from 1984-1988 in order to identify trends in
The figure in the mirror: a critical comparison of two safe sex and clean works campaigns in New York City.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:475 (abstract no. 4084); Ben-Levi J; AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, NY, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast two print-media campaigns which attempt to provide safe sex (and clean works) information to a number of different communities in New York City. METHODS: Psychoanalytic and semiotic theory is used to examine each campaign s effectiveness (i.e., adoption of safe sex and clean works pra
Adapting mass media AIDS messages to meet regional needs in Zaire.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:475 (abstract no. 4085); Eiger R, Kyungu M, Kalombo K, Kambamba SA, Convisser J; PSI's (Population Services International) PEM-SIDA, Zaire; CONTEXT: Comprising over 2,340,000km2, and 472 ethnic groups speaking roughly 300 different dialects, the country of Zaire boasts a geographic, linguistic, and cultural diversity unique to the world. OBJECTIVE: To wage a national mass media AIDS campaign that can effectively reach a diverse Zairean population. METHOD:
The 15 regional AIDS education and training centers (ETCs) of the United States public health service.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:475 (abstract no. 4087); Tsutsumida C, Macher A, Martell B, Mosley D, Moore D, Fox R; Bureau of Health Professions, USPHS, Rockville, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: In response to the increasing HIV/AIDS epidemic, the Bureau of Health Professions has expanded its national program for educating health care providers (HCPs) about HIV-infection and AIDS. METHOD: Through a grant program, regional AIDS ETCs have been created to increase the number of HCPs who are effectively
Research programming to support AIDS-education in secondary schools.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:476 (abstract no. 4088); Paulussen T, Wijnsma P, Jonkers R; Dutch Health Education Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; The Dutch Health Education Centre uses research programming as an important instrument in co-ordinating a more comprehensive approach aimed at developing and implementing AIDS-education in secondary schools. A distinction is made between three major innovation levels: student level, school level and regional level. On
An integrated model for school AIDS education in Latin America: its implementation & evaluation in 3 countries.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:476 (abstract no. 4089); Schenker I; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Faculty, Jerusalem, Israel; This is an examples for a fruitful international collaboration in AIDS Prevention Among Adolescents. It involves innovative approaches, cross-cultural adaptations and genuine sharing of experiences and expertise. OBJECTIVES: To build, implement, and evaluate an integrated model for school-based AIDS education in Latin
Evaluation of a counseling training pack.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:476 (abstract no. 4090); Thompson I; Scottish Health Education Group, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; OBJECTIVE: Develop, test and publish/use a loose leaf training manual as a flexible, experiential and practical small group resource not only to teach counselling skills but also to enable participants to apply this learning into their real world and to design and deliver courses appropriate to their client population.
The role of all-party political groups in a national strategy for AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:477 (abstract no. 4092); Baron C, Key R, Smith C, Butler A; The All-Party Parliamentary Group on AIDS, The Abbey Garden, Gt College St, London; The UK has, according to Dr. Jonathan Mann, taken a leading role in the international fight against AIDS. Apart from its contribution in the area of scientific research the relationship between the voluntary and statutory sectors, despite its ad hoc nature, has contributed to the strong position of the UK in this field
On expterise, legitimacy and decision making.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:477 (abstract no. 4093); Altman D; LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia 3083; The very complexity of AIDS, and the multiplicity of actors it has involved, means that its management constantly raises issues of expertise: who should make the crucial policy decisions and on whose advice. Very different claims for expertise are put forward, ranging form those of mainstream medical researchers and in
Year 2000 objectives for HIV infection: a preview.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:477 (abstract no. 4094); Kamerow D, Messore J; Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Washington, DC, USA; The U.S. Public Health Service is formulating health promotion and disease prevention objectives for the nation for the year 2000. HIV Infection is an important priority area in Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Year 2000 Objectives for the Nation to be published in September, 1990. Other priority areas such as Sexu
Improving accountability and service delivery in agencies receiving government funding.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:477 (abstract no. 4095); Duckett M, Dykes J, McCallum L, Painter L, Stewart K, Wiseman M; Office of Public Management, NSW Premier's Department, Sydney, Australia; OBJECTIVE: To develop performance measurement systems for AIDS service organisations to enhance service delivery to clients and increase accountability to funding agencies. METHOD: Consultants on strategic planning and evaluation were employed to assist ANKALI develop performance indicators. ANKALI trains volunteers to
A prospective, longitudinal, chronic disease data bank system (ATHOS) for HIV-related disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:478 (abstract no. 4096); Fries J, McShane D, Lubeck D, Mathews C; Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; The Chronic Disease Data Bank model for clinical epidemiologic research, exemplified by the ARAMIS national arthritis data resource, (1) builds high quality longitudinal patient data sets from diverse sources including (a) all clinical data from the provider, (b) economic data, and (c) health outcome data obtained dire
Sexuality programme benefits AIDS education in a developing community.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:478 (abstract no. 4097); Greathead E, Hiles L, Aalbers J; Planned Parenthood Association of Southern Africa, Western Cape Region, Cape Town, South Africa; OBJECTIVE: A Family Planning and AIDS Education programme was introduced to unemployed, young adults living in homeless circumstances (Squatter communities) to show that measurable AIDS knowledge could be conveyed. METHODS: The Planned Parenthood Association, a community based organisation, designed the programme to fo
Reducing the perinatal transmission of AIDS by providing family planning services in drug treatment centers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:478 (abstract no. 4098); Armstrong K, Samost L, Bencivengo M; Family Planning Council of Southeastern Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; A three-year CDC funded study examines the role of family planning services in reducing the perinatal transmission of HIV infection among women enrolled in drug treatment programs. The effectiveness of two service models in 14 drug treatment centers are evaluated. One model provides family planning contraceptive counse
Should severe AIDS patients be treated in intensive care units (ICU)? Experience of a French ICU.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:478 (abstract no. 4099); Mertes PM, Gerard A, Hoen B, May T, Dopff C, Amiel C, Kreutz G, Dureux JB, Canton PH; Departement de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales. CHU NANCY. France; From 1984 to 1989, 19 severe AIDS patients (3 females, 16 males) were admitted into our ICU (mean age 36 years, ranging from 25 to 59): 10 for an acute distress respiratory syndrome (ARDS) (8 out of 9 due to Pneumocystis carinii), 1 hemothorax, 1 pneumothorax, 3 for severe neurological manifestations (brain
A model for psycho-social support and counselling.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:479 (abstract no. 4100); Gandil P, Andersen T, Bjorner J; Danish Haemophilia Society, Denmark; OBJECTIVE: To provide adequate counselling services for the 90 Danish haemophiliacs infected with HIV as well as for their families. This implies 1) Providing psycho-social support, 2) Providing information, 3) Preventing spread of infection, 4) Strengthening the social network. METHODS: The project is carried through
Cost and productivity changes in HIV+ primary care.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:479 (abstract no. 4101); Keyes CW, Marte C, Kelly J, Chieffe R, Wolbert J; Bellevue Hospital Center/Community Health Project, NY, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine costs and patterns of use in primary care of HIV+ patients in order to plan for increased patient load in a community based clinic for 1426 HIV+ patients. METHODS: Records of all provider visits from December 1985 to December 1989 were examined. Records were drawn from monthly logs at Community He
Development of an HIV quality of life instrument: a methodological study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:479 (abstract no. 4102); Carr SE, Benedict S; Alliance Against AIDS, Division of Windsor Home Care, Care Group, Inc., NYC, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this methodological study was to develop an instrument to assess Quality of Life (QOL) in people with HIV Disease. METHODS: 1) Refine and augment the Padilla QOL Scale constructs for people with HIV Disease; 2) Determine reliability and validity of the HIV QOL Instrument. Subjects were sampled
HIV related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in health care workers in an Edinburgh hospital.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:479 (abstract no. 4103); Richardson AM, Webb J; City Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in health staff, of 11 occupations, working in an Edinburgh General Hospital. METHODS: All members of staff received an anonymous questionnaire concerned with Knowledge of Infection (KI), General Knowledge (KG) Patient Blame, Attitude, Involvement in C
Training and educational programmes for improving health care delivery for HIV patients and reducing occupational risks.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:480 (abstract no. 4104); Fantoni M, Grasso P, Marasca G, Camilli G, Celani F; Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: (i) to assess knowledge and attitudes towards HIV infected patients in nursing staff; (ii) to evaluate adherence to guidelines for the reduction of occupational risks. METHODS: Training modules on HIV infection were introduced for newly employed professional nurses. Nursing staff of the Department of Infecti
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs on HIV infection on Italian general practitioners.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:480 (abstract no. 4105); Guenza D, Marasca G, Vinci L, Zampieri A; Publicis, FCB, MAC, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of general practitioners (GPs) on HIV infection. METHODS: A random sample of the 70,000 Italian GPs was selected using a multi stage sampling technique. First we selected 57 cities from a sampling frame adjusted by geographical location, by size of population and ru
Health care workers in public hospitals and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:480 (abstract no. 4106); Nixon LL, Sangster E, Weslowski V; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; OBJECTIVE: The study evaluates the important role health care workers play as information sources regarding AIDS, assesses the level of knowledge of health care workers in hospitals and assesses their attitudes about safety and about the provision of care to PWAs. METHODS: A survey was disseminated to specific departme
Burnout in health care workers caring for PWA.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:480 (abstract no. 4107); Piersigilli R, Speranza T, Salis P, Puro V, Ippolito G; USL RM10-Rome Italy: Mothers and Children Health Service; OBJECTIVE: A study has been conducted to assess psychological burden in caring people working in a department for Infectious Diseases, in order to evaluate risk of burnout and to provide a psychological support. METHODS: Two groups counting 30 health care workers (HCW) each (physicians and nurses) have been studied. Fi
Health care provider response to AIDS: an international collaborative research effort.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:481 (abstract no. 4108); Taylor KM, Carballo M, Eakin JM, Kelner M, Skinner HA; Department of Behavioural Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; OBJECTIVE: This project is a joint undertaking of the University of Toronto and the WHO/H&W ( Canada ) to study the impact of AIDS on health care providers (HCPs). Objectives are to: 1) identify categories of HCPs working with HIV/AIDS; 2) delineate their primary concerns; 3) describe existing strategies to deal wi
Knowledge, attitude and behaviors toward HIV among students from North of France in 1989.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:481 (abstract no. 4109); Sivery B, Chidiac C, Senneville E, Beuscart C, Leroy O, Bourez JM, Beaucaire G, Mouton Y; University Hospital, F59208, Tourcoing, France; OBJECTIVE: To assess basic knowledge, attitudes and behaviors toward AIDS among students from different schools. METHODS: Anonymous multiple choice type questionnaires were administered to the students and a content analysis was performed. RESULTS: 2072/2501 (82.8%) questionnaires were available for analysis. Studied p
Attitude change among Massachusetts school staff following a two day AIDS training.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:481 (abstract no. 4110); Olin NE, Cohen J, Cranston K, Davoli GW; Massachusetts Department of Education, Quincy, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the change in AIDS attitudes of Massachusetts school staff following a two day AIDS training. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-eight self-selected Massachusetts public school staff members receiving a two day AIDS training were surveyed using a pre- and post-test to measure their AIDS knowledge and at
Evaluation of social service needs of a minority inner city HIV infected population.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:481 (abstract no. 4111); Longstreth M, Olopoenia L, Phillips P, Smith B, Palmer R, Frederick W; Howard University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; OBJECTIVE: To describe the service needs of HIV infected patients in a large urban hospital serving a poor minority community and to analyze the outcomes of problems referred. METHODS: Social work files of 160 consecutive HIV infected patient referrals were reviewed to identify the source of the referral, the primary r
Evaluation of the level of knowledge of educators concerning AIDS-problems.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:482 (abstract no. 4112); Enel P, Larher MP, Manuel C, Charrel J; Public Health Service, Marseilles, France; OBJECTIVE: Much has been said about the public s apparent lack of information about AIDS. But has sufficient attention been given to the competence of educators who constitute the link between knowledge available, practical possibilities of prevention and the general public? In this novel perspective we seek to evaluat
AIDS: mass consciousness and mass media in Bulgaria.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:482 (abstract no. 4113); Anguelov Z, Deyanov D; Zdraven Front newspaper, Sofia, Bulgaria; OBJECTIVE: Mass media is the only public source of information concerning AIDS and AIDS-related topics in Bulgaria . Thus, our study aimed to investigate their social impact in this respect. METHODS: Publications on AIDS in all kinds of media (all state owned) have been studied through content analysis. The mass consci
Formulation of national policies on condoms in developing countries in the context of the AIDS pandemic: problems and prospects.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:482 (abstract no. 4114); Jayasuriya DC; Institute of Comparative Health Policy and Law, 40/12 Swarnadisi Place, Nawala, Sri Lanka; Given the current epidemiological patterns in the global spread of HIV infection and AIDS in developing countries and the limited resources available for public education, counselling, screening and treatment, there is a compelling need to promote the use of condoms, especially those containing the nonoxyno1-9 spermici
From the eye of the hurricane--a multi-disciplinary AIDS strategy for the 90s.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:482 (abstract no. 4115); Carpenter PF, Conant MA, Francis DP, Kizer KW, Werdegar D; ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: Develop prototype AIDS prevention and treatment plan for the 1990s that any World Health Organization Type I area can use as a model. METHODS: The plan developed was based on the authors diverse perspectives and collective experience (epidemiology, prevention, research, clinical care, state and local governm
Impact of the HIV epidemic on family planning programs: policy implications.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:483 (abstract no. 4116); Williamson NE; Family Health International; FP programs in both developed and developing countries are being affected by the HIV epidemic. How has the epidemic affected FP programs? Many changes are being required in established clinic procedures and counselling regarding choice of FP method. FP programs are being required to provide barrier methods and to expan
Training health care workers to address AIDS in New England.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:483 (abstract no. 4117); Wrobleski S, Rudd R; JSI Research and Training Institute, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Workshops have been offered to health care workers over a two year period to increase knowledge as well as their level of comfort and perceived self efficacy for their work with clients on AIDS related issues. METHODS: One and two day workshops included presentations on basic facts, risk awareness, testing,
Period of risk for drug use and sexual behavior among black teenage crack users.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:483 (abstract no. 4118); Weinstein M, Fullilove M, Fullilove R, Bowser B; Multicultural Inquiry and Research on AIDS, Bayview-Hunter's Point Foundation and UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the factors associated with drug use and sexual activity, particularly the relationship between crack use and sexual activity, among Black teenagers. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews and life histories were conducted with 30 Black females and 29 Black males aged 13-19, recruited through the Bayvi
Heterosexual men negotiating safe sex: a case study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:483 (abstract no. 4119); Waldby C, Kippax S, Crawford J; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; OBJECTIVE: 1. to describe the processes whereby heterosexual men negotiate sexual encounters. 2. to analyse these processes in terms of their amenability or resistance to the adoption of safe sex practices. METHOD: In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 men into their experience and perceptions of sexual negotiation
AIDS and traditional conceptions of illness in Senegal.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:484 (abstract no. 4120); Sylla O, Coll AM, Diop BM, Dansokho E, Sow S; Faculty of Medicine - Dakar - Senegal; OBJECTIVE: 1) To precise the link between seropositivity and traditional conception of illness; 2) To determine the link between psychosocial profile and traditional conception of illness; 3) To precise family role in counselling. METHODS: The sample is compounded by 50 seropositive patients who were hospitalized in Fa
Reason for asking for a test in an outpatient service for HIV infection (Rome 1985 - 1989).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:484 (abstract no. 4121); Schito S, Antonelli L, Corlito A, Frigiotti D, Girardi E, Martini F, Narciso P, Puro V, Zaccarelli M, Visco G; U.S.L. RM/10, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To analyse changes in the reasons for asking to be tested for HIV infection, as possible indicators of risk perception in years 1985-1989. METHODS: All subjects attending our service to be tested for HIV have been interviewed. Data regarding subjects who had a previous HIV negative test or who underwent HIV
The effect of a training course on health professionals' knowledge of and attitudes to HIV infection and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:484 (abstract no. 4122); Popkiss ME, Van Der Velde P, Joubert G; Council of the City of Cape Town (CCC), Republic of South Africa; This survey was undertaken to establish whether continued provision of resources to fund training courses for health professionals at the newly established AIDS training, information and counselling centre (ATICC) in Cape Town is justified. METHODS: Forty three health professionals employed in the Cape Town City Health
Evaluating AIDS education for dentists.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:484 (abstract no. 4123); Gerbert B, Sumser J, Maguire B, Miyasaki C, Bader J; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of an individualized AIDS education program for dentists, we implemented an intervention based on adult learning principles and designed an evaluation to establish whether the program was successful. METHODS: The year-long educational intervention was composed of individualized feed
Evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV infection and AIDS in the Ivory Coast.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:485 (abstract no. 4124); Messou E, Kale K, Carballo M, Carael M;; OBJECTIVE: As part of the Ivory Coast s information/education/communication program on HIV infection and AIDS, a survey of the population s knowledge, attitudes and practices was carried out between July 2nd and July 27th 1989. The objective was to provide data on the population s perception of AIDS and HIV infection a
Polling hospital workers about universal precautions and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:485 (abstract no. 4125); Gulick R, Kalaidjian R, Baldini L, Zaleznik D; Infection Control, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To survey all employees of a major teaching hospital about the practices of universal precautions and the impact of AIDS on the workplace. METHODS: A survey was developed to address hospital workers views on patient contacts, risks, and precautions to prevent blood/body fluid exposures. Also assessed were wo
An assessment of knowledge, perceived risk, and beliefs among Los Angeles, California pharmacists.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:485 (abstract no. 4126); Sambol R, Goldberg R, Karapetian G; Los Angeles County - Department of Health Services, AIDS Programs, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: Develop a needs assessment survey to evaluate HIV knowledge, attitude, and practice of Registered Pharmacists in Los Angeles County. METHODS: A needs assessment survey was developed and pre-tested on 100 U.S.C. School of Pharmacy graduate students. 5160 surveys were mailed to every Registered Pharmacist in L
The influence of nurses' and social workers' perceptions on coping with persons with HIV and AIDS: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:485 (abstract no. 4127); Giami A, Veil C; INSERM, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: Identification of representations and fantasies of two samples of professionals in contact with seropositive person and AIDS patients, in order to understand the nature and functioning of some intrapsychic processes involved with the practices of prevention. These processes are considered as irrational deter
Aspects of personality and body-image in HIV affected subjects and their implications in couples dynamics.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:486 (abstract no. 4128); Corlito A, Barna CA, Bertola A, Garavini S, Giulianelli M, Schito S, Visco G; U.S.L.RM/10 Spallanzani Hospital II Division, Rome; Basic intrapsycological dimension (BID) is the resultant of many factors concerning body-image, personality structure, quality and dynamics of defensive mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the BID and the management of sexual life as cofactors of the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual
Person with AIDS (PWA) devaluation and biased AIDS resource allocation decisions.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:486 (abstract no. 4129); Chapman D, Levin I; University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess if inferences of blame for AIDS contraction affect medical resource allocation decisions and reflect devaluation of the worth of lives of PWAs judged responsible for contracting AIDS. METHODS: 60 student subjects were presented with hypothetical medical case histories describing each PWA s inferred
Expanding the primary care network for persons with HIV in New York state.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:486 (abstract no. 4130); Burke G, Anarella J, Feldman I, Glaros R, Rango N; AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: To insure that an estimated 200,000-400,000 HIV infected New Yorkers have access to comprehensive primary care including available treatments that can control or delay the onset of symptomatic HIV disease. METHODS: As part of long range plans to develop a continuum of care for persons with HIV, the New York
Overview of HIV vaccine trials in humans.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:90 (abstract no. F.A.1); Koff WC; Vaccine Research and Development Branch, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
Summary of vaccinia gp160 vaccine trials in humans.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:90 (abstract no. F.A.2); Corey L; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
HIV immunotherapy: observations to date.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:90 (abstract no. F.A.3); Levine AM; School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Overview of HIV vaccine trials in chimpanzees.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:90 (abstract no. F.A.4); Eichberg JW; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
Overview of SIV vaccine trials in rhesus macaques.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:91 (abstract no. F.A.5); Murphy-Corb M; Delta Regional Primate Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Review of methods for presenting antigens to elicit strong immunoresponses.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:91 (abstract no. F.A.6); Wolf H; University of Munich, Max von Pettenkoffer Institute, Munich, FRG
Genomic organisation of a chimpanzee lentivirus related to HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:92 (abstract no. F.A.9); Huet T, Cheynier R, Meyerhans A, Macinnes K, Lawrence J, Myers G, Wain-Hobson S; Institut Pasteur Paris - France; OBJECTIVES: To clone and sequence the provirus of SIVcpz, a novel lentivirus from chimpanzees related to HIV-1. METHODS: DNA from SIVcpz infected human PBMC was used to construct a lambda EMBL3 library. Three full length clones were isolated and tested for expression and infectivity. An infectious molecular clone was s
HIV1 and HIV2 Western blot pattern of 344 wild monkeys of the Central African Republic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:92 (abstract no. F.A.10); Herve V, Brogan T, Martin P, Georges-Courbot MC, Barre-Sinoussi F, Georges AJ; Institut Pasteur, Bangui, Central African Republic; OBJECTIVES: To make an inventory of retroviruses in the simian populations of the Central African Republic . METHODS: Three hundred and forty four (344) wild monkeys, distributed into 12 different species have been collected from all over the country in the Central African Republic. Sera were tested in ELISA and/or Wes
Survey of HIV and human t-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection in Nigerians.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:92 (abstract no. F.A.11); Williams C, Alexander S, Bodner A, Levine A, Gallo R, Blattner W; Department of Haematology, Univ. of Ibadan, Nigeria; OBJECTIVES: To measure the seroprevalence of HIV-1 and HTLV-I in sexually transmitted diseases (STD), general outpatient department (GOPD) and lymphoma (NHL) clinics between 1983-1986. METHODS: Screen positive samples were confirmed Western blot (WB) positive by gag core (p24) and envelope [p21e (HTLV-1) and gp120/160
Identification of a cohort of HTLV-I infected and noninfected tropical spastic paraparesis patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:92 (abstract no. F.A.12); Canavaggio M, Valderrama R, Madrid R, Swanson P, Montesinos C, Lee H; Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, IL, USA; OBJECTIVE: Clinical, electrophysiological and radiological features of HTLV-I seropositive and negative TSP patients were compared. METHODS: Serum from 33 TSP patients were assayed for anti-HTLV-I by EIA and confirmation tests. Virus isolation was performed on lymphocytes of 11 seronegative and 5 of the positive patien
Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP) in PCR proven HTLV-II infected drug abusers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:93 (abstract no. F.A.13); Blattner W, Wiktor S, Jacobson S, Shaw G, Shorty V, Hanchard B, Weiss S; Natl. Inst. of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA; OBJECTIVE: Measure proliferation of unstimulated lymphocytes from New Orleans Drug Abusers (NODA), normal Jamaican (JAFH) and U.S. blood bank donors (USBB). METHODS: Serum was confirmed positive by HTLV-I Western blot (WB) (gag and env present). Viable PBL s were classified HTLV-I vs II by PCR using LTR and Protease pr
C-terminal domain of HTLV-II envelope glycoprotein is required for syncytium formation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:93 (abstract no. F.A.14); Kuritzkes DR, Zhang XQ, Chen IS, Ho DD, Schooley RT, Young RA; Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To define the domain(s) of the HTLV-II envelope glycoprotein required for syncytium formation. METHODS: Recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed HTLV-II env or HTLV-II env genes with 3 deletions were constructed by introducing the relevant gene, under the control of the vaccinia 7.5 promoter, into the vac
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by HTLV-I and HTLV-II positive human sera, as well as sera from rabbits immunized with HTLV-I and HTLV-II peptides.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:93 (abstract no. F.A.15); Zhang XQ, Yang L, Ho D, Chen I, Schooley RT; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by sera positive for HTLV-I or HTLV-II, to to determine the degree of cross reactivity between HTLV-I and HLTV-II directed antibodies, and to map immunogenic ADCC epitopes. METHODS: Effector cells (PBMC) were obtained from healthy laboratory
Characterization of HTLV-II CD4+ cell line derived from a Panamanian Guaymi Indian.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:93 (abstract no. F.A.16); Roberts BD, Kaplan JE, Reeves WC, Frank DE, Goldsmith CS, Lairmore MD; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To biologically characterize a T-lymphocyte line infected with HTLV-II virus isolated from a Guaymi Indian from Changuinola, Panama . METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained from a healthy Guaymi Indian seropositive for HTLV. The lymphocytes were positive for HTLV-II by PCR and were establi
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) during pregnancy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:94 (abstract no. F.B.17); Schuman P, Kauffman R, Crane LR, Philpot D; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; OBJECTIVE: A Phase I pharmacokinetic study of ZDV in ten pregnant HIV-infected women. METHODS: Study eligibility included: (i) Last trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy; (ii) No opportunistic infection; (iii) No illicit drugs during study; (iv) Signed informed consent. Mothers were monitored for ZDV toxicity during the
The efficacy of oral, intermittent zidovudine (ZDV) in a phase II pediatric trial (AIDS clinical trials group study 043): Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:94 (abstract no. F.B.18); McKinney RE, Wilfert CM; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USA; OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of oral, intermittent ZDV on measures of efficacy in children with severe ARC and AIDS. METHODS: 9 centers enrolled 88 patients between 3 months and 12 yrs old with severe ARC or AIDS treated with oral ZDV administered at 180 mg/m2/q6h. Median time on treatment: 187 days (range 3 to 35
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in children.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:94 (abstract no. F.B.19); Rolinski B, Wintergerst U, Debatin KM, Vocks M, Roscher A, Belohradsky BH; Children's Hospital L.-Maximilian University Munich, FRG; OBJECTIVE: Pharmacokinetic parameters of Zidovudine (ZDV) were investigated in children with respect to age. METHODS: 22 pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 17 patients. 7 were younger than 4 years, 4 between 5 and 15 years, and 6 were young adult hemophiliacs. All were receiving oral ZDV therapy (125 - 600 mg/m2
Results of zidovudine treatment in children with AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:94 (abstract no. F.B.20); De Jose MI, Mellado MJ, G-Miguel MJ, Cilleruelo MJ, G-Rodriguez MC, G-Hortelano J; Hospital Infantil La Paz, Spain; OBJECTIVES: To analyse the tolerance, toxicity, and effectiveness of ZDV in children. To evaluate the clinical, immunological and virological evolution during treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We study 32 children (16 M, 16 F) included in Class P2 of CDC, with ages between 3 m-15 y. Transmission: perinatal 24 children (2
Lymphocyte subset changes in children with advanced symptomatic HIV infection treated with oral zidovudine.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:95 (abstract no. F.B.21); Connor E; UMD-NJ Medical School and Children's Hospital of NJ, Newark, NJ, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in lymphocyte subsets (LS) among HIV-infected children with advanced symptoms treated with oral ZDV. METHODS: Eighty-eighty children were enrolled in an open label phase II study at nine US centers and treated for 36 weeks with 180mg/m2 oral ZDV every 6 hours. LS were monitored using
The activity and tolerance of dideoxyinosine (ddI) administered for 24 weeks to symptomatic HIV infected children: a phrase I/II trial.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:95 (abstract no. F.B.22); Butler K, Husson R, Eddy J, Santacroce S, Jarosinksi P, Moss H, Wolters P, El-Amin D, Brouwers P, Wiener L, et al; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; ddI , with its potent antiretroviral activity and favorable toxicity profile, is potentially important in the initial therapy of HIV infected children as well as the rescue of those intolerant or refractory to AZT . To assess ddI in children, we initiated a Phase I/II trial in 1/89, assessing f
Safety and pharmacokinetics of recombinant CD4 in children with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:95 (abstract no. F.B.23); Weintrub P, Yogev R, Conner E, Wilfert K, Mordenti J, Ammann AJ; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To perform a Phase I study of rCD4 in HIV infected children. METHODS: Seven children 3-17 years of age received 300 mug/kg/d rCD4 as follows: IV for 1 day, 1-day washout, IV for 7 consecutive days, 1-day washout, SC for 7 days, and SC 3/wk for 8 weeks. rCD4 in serum was quantified by an ELISA using two monoc
CD4 counts as predictors of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and children with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:95 (abstract no. F.B.24); Kovacs A, Church J, Mascola L, Frederick T, Eller A, Evans M; LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if CD4+ lymphocyte counts are predictive of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) in pediatric patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV-1) and if the current recommendation for prophylaxis in those with CD4 counts less than 500 is appropriate for infants less than 1 year old. M
Neuropsychological status of men with haemophilia and HIV infection: a controlled investigation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:96 (abstract no. F.B.25); Hodges S, Klimes I, Catalan J, Day A, Bond A, Garrod A, Rizza C; Oxford University Dept. Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK; OBJECTIVE: To establish baseline prevalence of neuropsychological problems in HIV+ men with haemophilia by a comparison with HIV- men with haemophilia as part of a 3-year prospective study with follow-up assessments at 6-monthly intervals. METHODS: 32 HIV+ and 31- men with haemophilia were assessed on measures of pre-m
Neuropsychological evaluation of seropositive parenteral drug users without AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:96 (abstract no. F.B.26); Stern Y, Sano M, Goldstein S, Richards M, Kloehn J, Mindry D, Chen J, Ehrhardt A, Gorman J; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible presence of cognitive changes in a cohort of seropositive parenteral drug users without AIDS. METHODS: An extensive neuropsychological battery, including tests of memory, language, executive function, visuospatial ability, attention, motor speed and praxis, was administered to 198
Motor abnormalities in 100 HIV-infected patients in correlation to CDC stages.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:96 (abstract no. F.B.27); Wendtland B, Hefter H, Elsing C, Arendt G; Department of Neurology, University of Dusseldorf, FRG; OBJECTIVE, METHODS: Motor function (postural tremor of the outstretched hands, most rapid voluntary alternating index finger movements and rise times of most rapid voluntary isometric index finger extensions) was tested in 100 HIV-infected patients without clinically detectable central nervous deficits belonging to all
Comparison of evoked potential responses and neuropsychological measures in early HIV disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:96 (abstract no. F.B.28); Hollander H, Gardi J, Volberding P, Walker J; University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Fifty one neurologically intact class 2 men enrolled in an open label (N=11) or a placebo-controlled (N=40) trial of AZT underwent a battery of tests which included 17 neuropsychological measures, long latency cortical and brainstem auditory evoked responses. Results were considered abnormal if 3 or more neuropsycholog
Sequelae of HIV infection: evoked potential latencies, neuropsychological performance, & immune dysfunction in HIV+ & HIV- gay men.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:97 (abstract no. F.B.29); Dilley JW, Boccellari A, Yingling C, Moss A, Wagner B, Kelly T; San Francisco General Hospital & Univ. of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the group differences between and relationships among measures of immune functioning (IF), neuropsychological performance (Np), and evoked potentials (EP) in HIV+ and HIV- gay men. METHODS: Forty-seven HIV+ Gay men (CDC Groups II, III, & IV-A) and 31 HIV- Gay men were evaluated with Np te
Zidovudine therapy for HIV encephalopathy.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:97 (abstract no. F.B.30); Tozzi V, Galgani S, Gerace C, Narciso P, Giulianelli M, Sette P, Visco G; L. Spallanzani Hosp., Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Zidovudine ( AZT ) therapy for HIV encephalopathy. METHODS: Thirty patients (pts) with HIV encephalopathy were treated with AZT at daily doses of 1000 mg (9 pts), 750 mg (8 pts) and 500-600 mg (13 pts). Mean follow up was 10 months (range 2-17). Clinical staging (from 0 to 4 accordi
Effects of long-term zidovudine use on neuropsychological performance in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:97 (abstract no. F.B.31); McArthur JC, Miller EN, Selnes OA, Becker JT, Cohen BA, Starkey D, Hoover D, Saah A; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of zidovudine ( AZT ) on neuropsychological (NP) performance of homosexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. METHODS: Standardized NP measures were administered at semiannual intervals between 1986 and 1989. None of the volunteers was taking AZT at baseline testin
Vitamin B12 and cognitive function in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:97 (abstract no. F.B.32); Baum MK, Beach R, Morgan R, Mantero-Atienza A, Wilke F, Eisdorfer C; Biopsychosocial Center for Studies of AIDS, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine if low levels of plasma vitamin B12 (below 250 pg/ml) are associated with impaired cognitive function in HIV infected individuals. METHODS: Subjects were 100 HIV seropositive homosexual males who remained asymptomatic other than persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (CDC stage III). Plasma vita
A new approach for testing the effects of AIDS drugs on HIV-1 expression and replication in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:106 (abstract no. F.A.65); Volsky DJ, Hamblet N, Volsky B, Pellegrino MG, Decker S, Li G; St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hosp. Center and Columbia Univ. Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To develop a secondary drug screen which simultaneously evaluates drug effects on multiple parameters of the HIV-1 life-cycle in vitro. METHODS: T-cells or monocytes were infected with HIV-1, challenged with the drug, and evaluated for: a) levels of intracellular HIV-1 RNA, by a liquid RNA hybridization meth
HIV-1 inhibitory interactions between 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) and either zidovudine (AZT), recombinant soluble CD4 (rsCD4), or recombinant interferon-alpha-a (rIFN-alpha-A).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:106 (abstract no. F.A.66); Johnson VA, Merrill DP, Chou TC, Hirsch MS; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the interactions of ddI and either AZT , rsCD4, or rIFN-alpha-A in combination against HIV-1 replication in vitro. METHODS: We evaluated ddI (a reverse transcriptase-RT-inhibitor) in combination with either AZT (another RT inhibitor), rsCD4 (a soluble virus receptor), or r
Effects of GLQ223(TM) on HIV replication in human monocyte/macrophages chronically infected with HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:106 (abstract no. F.A.67); McGrath M, Gaston I, Lifson J; San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To test GLQ223(TM) for selective anti-HIV activity in chronically infected macrophages infected in vitro as well as cells isolated from AIDS patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood macrophages were infected in vitro and cultivated in suspension for at least 2 weeks prior to GLQ223(TM) treatment. Heparinized whol
TIBO derivatives are a new family of potent and highly selective anti-HIV-1 agents in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:106 (abstract no. F.A.68); Pauwels R, Andries K, Desmyter J, Kukla MJ, De Clercq E, Janssen PA; Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; OBJECTIVE: Identification and development of potent and selective anti-HIV agents with novel chemical structures and a new mode of action. METHODS: Several hundreds of different prototype compounds which were without effect in standard pharmacological and toxicological assays were selected. They were assessed for inhib
Ro 31-8959, a specific inhibitor of HIV protease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:107 (abstract no. F.A.69); Roberts NA, Craig JC, Duncan IB, Kay J, Malcolm SL, Martin JA, Redshaw S, Taylor DL; Roche Products Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK; OBJECTIVE: Ro 31-8959 is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases (Ki 0.12 nM and less than 0.1 nM respectively) with good antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain RF in C8166 cells. Further biological studies were undertaken to assess its suitability as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIDS. ME
CD4-pseudomonas exotoxin conjugates delay but do not fully inhibit HIV replication in lymphocytes in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:107 (abstract no. F.A.70); Tsubota H, Winkler G, Meade HM, Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA; Since the CD4 molecule is a high affinity receptor for the HIV envelope glycoprotein, it has been suggested that a soluble form of CD4 might be utilized as a targeting agent to deliver toxins selectively to cells infected with HIV. We demonstrate that CD4-Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) conjugates specifically inhibit the
Expression of anti-HIV compounds directed from the HIV-LTR: a potential gene therapy for HIV infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:107 (abstract no. F.A.71); Mosca JD, Ritchey DW, d'Arcy LA, Burke DS; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To construct inducible retroviral vectors which express compounds that inhibit HIV expression and replication in response to HIV infection. METHODS: DNA transfection of hybrid anti-HIV genes in the presence and absence of HIV infection. Expression of the hybrid gene product was monitored at both the RNA and
The evaluation of antiviral compounds in the SCID-hu mouse.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:107 (abstract no. F.A.72); McCune JM, Shih CC, Namikawa R, Rabin L, Kaneshima H; SyStemix, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA; An animal model for HIV infection would facilitate the selection of antiviral compounds which might later be tested in clinical trials. Optimally, such an animal model would be small, replete with human target cells and organs that can be infected with HIV, and safely used on a large scale. The SCID-hu mouse, construct
High level of HIV-specific cytotoxicity in infants from HIV-infected mothers.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:108 (abstract no. F.A.73); Cheynier R, Langlade-Demoyen P, Marescot MR, Blanche S, Blondin G, Griscelli C, Vilmer E, Plata F; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; OBJECTIVES: To investigate the anti-HIV cytotoxic response in infants born from seropositive mothers. METHODS: 19 children, 3 months to 5 years old were studied over a 2 year period. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stored in liquid nitrogen and thawed just before use. Two types of experiments were performed: 1)
Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys exhibit restricted epitope specificity.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:108 (abstract no. F.A.74); Miller MD, Yamamoto H, Stallard V, Mazzara GP, Panicali D, Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA, USA; The fine antigenic specificity of the gag-specific cell-mediated immune response was characterized in SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the majority of SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys can, upon in-vitro activation with concanavalin A and growth in interleukin-2-supplemented medium,
Generation of CD8+ T cell clones that inhibit HIV replication in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:108 (abstract no. F.A.75); Walker C, Hsueh F, Erickson A, Levy J; Chiron Research Laboratories, Emeryville, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To generate human CD8+ T cell clones that inhibit HIV replication in vitro from 3 HIV infected individuals. METHODS: CD8+ T cells were enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy HIV infected subjects by immunoaffinity selection. These cells (greater than 98% pure) were cloned by limit
Structural and functional characteristics of HIV-specific CTL.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:108 (abstract no. F.A.76); Koenig S, Fuerst T, Wood LV, Woods R, Jones G, Fauci AS; LIR, NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To characterize HIV-specific CTL with respect to the specific epitopes recognized, their pattern of MHC Class I restriction, and their ability to inhibit HIV replication. METHODS: Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cells cloned by limiting dilution from HIV-seropositive donors were used as s
Zidovudine therapy can reverse the antigen receptor signaling defect in CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:109 (abstract no. F.A.77); Linette G, Pierce PF, Hartzman RH, June CH; Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA; OBJECTIVE: We have previously shown that HIV-infected T cells show a selective transmembrane signaling defect after perturbation of the antigen receptor (Science 241:578). Our objective was (1) to determine if a similar signaling defect exists in patients with HIV infection (WR stages II-III); (2) prospectively determi
HIV-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:109 (abstract no. F.A.78); Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, Idziorek T, Autran B, Bismuth G; Lab. Immunol. Cell. & Tiss., CH Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: We studied the interference of the recombinant HIV-1 glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 with the CD3/T cell antigen receptor (TcR) mediated activation process of a CD4+ antigen specific human T cell clone. METHODS: Both glycoproteins were assessed for their effect on the T cell proliferation (thymidine incorporat
Anti-CD2 receptor antibodies activate the HIV long terminal repeat in normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:109 (abstract no. F.A.80); Bressler PB, Pantaleo G, Fauci AS; LIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: The CD2 T lymphocyte glycoprotein is the natural ligand for LFA-3 and is involved in cell to cell adhesion as well as in T cell activation. Since cell to cell contact may be important in the spread of HIV infection, we have investigated whether stimulation of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with an
The origin of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:124 (abstract no. F.A.200); Moriyama EN, Ina Y, Ikeo K, Miura T, Tsujimoto H, Yokoyama S, Hayami M, Gojobori T; National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; OBJECTIVE: To examine phylogenetic relationships between HIV-1s, HIV-2s, and SIVs, particularly viruses isolated from African green monkeys (SIVagm), mandrills (SIVmnd), and sooty mangabeys (SIVsm). METHODS: Using the numbers of nucleotide substitutions, we constructed phylogenetic trees for each gene by the unweighted
Prospective clinical study of infants with perinatally acquired HIV1 infection, in Brazzaville, Congo.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:124 (abstract no. F.A.201); Lallemant-Le Coeur S, Lallemant M, Cheynier D, Nzingoula S, Larouze B; IMEA/INSERM U13, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history of perinatally acquired HIV1 infection in an African environment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 27 infants born to seropositive mothers and infected by the HIV1 virus (positive serology after 18 months of life and/or died of AIDS) were compared with 118 control infants born to seronegati
Comparative study on HIV/SIV strains originating from Central African Republic.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:124 (abstract no. F.A.202); Lang MC, Nerrienet E, Georges-Courbot MC, Deslandres A, Sonigo P, Barre-Sinoussi F, Georges AJ; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To identify the eventual relationship between HIV and SIV strains from the same African country ( Central African Republic , CAR). METHODS: We isolated the first HIV2 strain HIV2/1169 from CAR and two SIVAGM strains named SIVAGMB05 and SIVAGMB14 from blood samples seropositive by HIV2 blot. Infectivity and c
Characterization of an infectious HIV-2 clone from a German AIDS patient with neurological disease.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:124 (abstract no. F.A.203); Kirchhoff F, Jentsch KD, Bachmann B, Stuke A, Lucke W, Stahl-Hennig C, Hunsmann G; Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Gottingen, FRG; OBJECTIVE: A new HIV-2 isolate, HIV-2BEN, has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. The infectivity of one clone, HIV-2BEN MK6, has been investigated for various human T-cell lines, human and macaque peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and for cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in order to establish a simian mod
Complete nucleotide sequence of a Guinea-Bissau HIV2 isolate (HIV2 CAM2).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:125 (abstract no. F.A.204); Tristem M, Karpas A, Hill F; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic variability of HIV-2 by sequencing a Guinea-Bissau isolate. METHODS: The isolate was obtained by co-cultivating a Guinea-Bissau AIDS patient s peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the Karpas 45 T-cell line. A genomic library of the infected line was screened with a pROD probe and a fu
Isolation of a highly divergent HIV-2 distinct from known isolates of HIV-2 and SIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:125 (abstract no. F.A.205); Kawamura M, Sakuragi J, Fukasawa M, Miura T, Gojobori T, Moriyama EN, Mingle JA, Nettey VB, Hayami M; University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; OBJECTIVE: As the origin and evolution of HIV is controversial, we tried to isolate in Ghana a new HIV distinct from known isolates of HIV/SIV. METHODS: A HIV isolate, GH-2 obtained from a Ghanaian ARC patient, was characterized antigenetically and phylogenetically. RESULTS: The env products have some difference from t
A highly divergent HIV-2 related strain, HIV-2(ALT), defines an alternative type related to the HIV-2/SIVMAC/SIVSM family of viruses.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:125 (abstract no. F.A.206); Dietrich U, Adamski M, Kuhnel H, Seipp A, Kreutz R, Rubsamen-Waigmann H; Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany; OBJECTIVE: To study genetic variation of HIV-2 isolates. METHODS: The nucleotide (nt) and deduced aminoacid (aa) sequences of the proviral clone HIV-2(D205.7), isolated from a genomic library of infected peripheral blood lymphocytes from an asymptomatic Ghanaian, were compared to the HIV-2 and SIVMAC/SIVSM sequences fr
Patterns of serological cross reactivity of HIV-2 antibody-positive specimens on HIV-1 western blot.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:125 (abstract no. F.A.207); Adams CW, Beatrice S, Cabrian K, Krieger M, Majewski S, Shriver MK; Epitope Incorporated, Beaverton, Oregon, USA; OBJECTIVE: Determine patterns and extent of antibody cross-reactivity of sera from HIV-2 infected individuals in the HIV-1 Western blot assay. METHODS: Forty-nine known HIV-2 positive specimens obtained from individuals in various geographical locations, including West Africa, were tested by the following methods: whol
Immunogenic nature of the gp120 C-terminal extremity of HIV1, HIV2 and SIVmac.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:126 (abstract no. F.A.208); Baillou A, Barin F, Mayer R, Kanki P, M'Boup S, Leonard G, Goudeau A; Lab. Virologie, URA CNRS 1334, Tours, France; OBJECTIVES: To study the reactivity of both human sera positive for antibody to HIV1 or HIV2 and monkey (African green monkey, AGM) sera positive for antibody to SIV/HIV2 towards peptides located at the C-terminus of GP120 of HIV1, HIV2 and SIVmac. SERA: 372 human serum samples including 80 HIV negative sera, 162 HIV1
A new enzyme immunoassay for titration of antibodies to a cross-reactive epitope of the major core protein of HIV1 and HIV2: diagnosis and prognosis usefulness.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:126 (abstract no. F.A.209); Janvier B, Barin F, Mandrand B; URA-CNRS 1334, 37044 Tours, France; OBJECTIVE: To study the immune response towards a cross-reactive epitope of p24/HIV1 and p26/HIV2 proteins in sera of HIV1 or HIV2 infected patients. A sequential inhibition assay (SIEIA) was developed using a murine monoclonal antibody, 23A5G4, recognizing the linear epitope AAEWDRVHP (a.a. 209 to 217 of p55/HIV1). MA
Relationship between one HIV strain from a double seropositive patient in the Ivory Coast and SIVagm isolates from Africa.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:126 (abstract no. F.A.210); Nerrienet E, Pouliquen JF, Lang MC, Courgnaut V, Brechot C, Barre-Sinoussi F, Georges AJ, Ouattara SA; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To discriminate between a double infection and an infection with an intermediate virus in a double seropositive patient from the Ivory Coast and to compare the HIV strain from this patient (HIV885 strain) with SIVagm isolates from Africa. METHODS: Studies were performed on the tropism and cytopathic effect o
The HIV-1 principal neutralizing determinant contains conserved sequences and structural elements.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:126 (abstract no. F.A.211); Putney S, LaRosa G, Lewis J, Profy A, Weinhold K, Matthews T, Boswell N, Dreesman G, Holley H, Karplus M, et al; Repligen Corp., Cambridge, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the amino acid variability of the HIV-1 principal neutralization determinant (PND) to discern whether common elements exist and whether isolates can be grouped into neutralization classes. The PND is part of gp120 (positions 303 to 338) and PND specific sera neutralize virus infectivity. The P
Evidence that Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus links viral RNAs to nuclear matrix.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:132 (abstract no. F.A.225); Muller WE, Okamoto T, Ugarkovic D, Schroder HC; Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Universitat, 6500 Mainz, FRG; OBJECTIVE: The processes of transcription and posttranscription are assumed to proceed in close association with the nuclear matrix. In this study we demonstrated that Tat, the trans-activating protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), binds both to the TAR-region of the nascent HIV mRNAs and the nuclea
In murine cells, high level HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat mediated trans-activation may require different human cellular cofactors.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:132 (abstract no. F.A.226); Newstein M, Lee IS, Shank PR; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; OBJECTIVE: We are attempting to characterize species specific cellular cofactors which are essential for Tat mediated trans-activation of HIV-1 and HIV-2. METHODS: We cotransfect constructs expressing the tat gene of HIV-1 or HIV-2, along with reporter constructs in which the viral LTR is used to drive transcription of
The nef gene down-regulates HIV-1 production.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:132 (abstract no. F.A.227); Gama Sosa MA, DeGasperi R, Bernard LD, Hall J, Fazely F, Ruprecht RM; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of the nef gene product on HIV-1 propagation. METHODS: Human adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and T-lymphoid (Jurkat) cells constitutively expressing the HIV-1 nef gene product were prepared by transduction with recombinant retroviruses. The resulting HeLa nef and Jurkat nef cells were tested for
Pleiotropic effects upon HIV replication induced by the nef gene.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:133 (abstract no. F.A.228); Terwilliger E, Langhoff E, Obaru K, Haseltine W; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115; OBJECTIVE: Apparently conflicting observations concerning the role of the nef gene of HIV-1 have been reported recently. Numerous groups have reported that nef exerts a down-regulatory effect upon virus replication. Several investigators have further stated that the nef product specifically down-regulates transcription
HIV-1 virus replicating efficiently in a T4 cell line produces a non-functional nef protein.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:133 (abstract no. F.A.229); Laurent AG, Hovanessian AG, Riviere Y, Krust B, Regnault A, Montagnier L, Findeli A, Kieny MP, Guy B; Unite d'Oncologie Virale (URA CNRS 1157), Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr. Roux 75724 Paris, France; The nef gene product of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is suggested to be a negative factor involved in down regulating viral expression by a mechanism in which the correct conformation of the nef protein is essential and its phosphorylation might be an important parameter to consider. For this reason, we inves
Characterization of direct inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity by anti-P66 monospecific antibody.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:133 (abstract no. F.A.230); DeVico A, Sarngadharan M; Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanism of enzyme inhibition mediated by a monospecific antibody (C2003) directed against a 14 amino acid synthetic peptide derived from a conserved sequence in the C-terminus of HIV-1 RT p66. METHODS: The separate components of the RT reaction were tested for the ability to block antibody
Characterization of long terminal repeat (LTR) mutations on HIV replication and cytopathicity.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:133 (abstract no. F.A.231); Vicenzi E, Ross EK, Buckler-White AJ, Leonard J, Rabson AB, Martin MA; LMM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To construct and analyze mutations in the U3 or U5 portions of HIV LTR which function in the context of an infectious proviral DNA. METHODS: Deletions were introduced between nucleotide -350 and -125 (within U3) of the HIV LTR. Since these alterations interrupted the nef open reading frame, all the LTR mutat
Amino acid substitutions within conserved domains of the HIV-1 envelope impair intracellular transport and processing of gp160.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:134 (abstract no. F.A.232); Willey RL, Martin MA; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVES: Identify and characterize domains within the HIV-1 envelope which are important to intracellular transport and processing of the envelope precursor protein, gp160. METHODS: Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was used to introduce specific amino acid codon substitutions into the env gene of a
Regulated transport and processing of the HIV-1 gp160 in transfected mammalian cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:134 (abstract no. F.A.233); Haffar OK, Nakamura GR, Berman PW; Oncogen Corp., Seattle, WA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the export and processing of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, in transfected mammalian cells. When the env gene was transfected into CHO cells in the absence of any other viral genes, gp160 was retained in an intracellular compartment and failed to be proteolytically processed into mature gp1
Early maturation steps of the HIV-1 envelope analyzed in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:134 (abstract no. F.A.234); Ellerbrok H, Serpente N, d'Auriol L, Sitbon M, Vaquero C; INSERM U152, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; Expression of the HIV-1 Env is a highly regulated process. Production of the mRNA coding for the Env precursor gp160 derives from splicing of the full length viral transcript. These transcription and splicing events require the action of both the Tat and Rev proteins. After transport of the spliced mRNA to the cytoplas
Domains in the HIV/SIV env transmembrane protein critical for cleavage, fusion, and infectivity.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:134 (abstract no. F.A.235); Klimkait T, Willey R, Turner W, Martin MA; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To identify functional domains in the transmembrane env protein of HIV and to determine their role in the viral life cycle. METHODS: Point mutations introduced into different invariant regions of the env glycoprotein 41 of an infectious HIV-1 clone were analysed using transiently transfected or acutely infec
Analysis of the different domains of the HIV-1 envelope signal peptide.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:135 (abstract no. F.A.236); Ellerbrok H, d'Auriol L, Vaquero C, Sitbon M; INSERM U152, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France; The HIV envelope is a major determinant of viral pathogenesis. One of the central elements for expression of the envelope proteins at the cellular surface is the signal peptide (SP). The SP drives the nascent polypeptide chain through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus where complete glycosylation and matura
Mutational analysis of gp41 carboxy terminal sequences involved in HIV-1 replication.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:135 (abstract no. F.A.237); Gabuzda DH, Lever A, Helseth E, Olshevsky U, Haseltine W, Sodroski J; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA; OBJECTIVE: The carboxyl terminus of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein contains sequences which are critical for virus replication. To identify and characterize carboxyl terminus sequences involved in HIV-1 replication, the effect of changes in the carboxyl 160 amino acids of gp41 on cell-free and/or cell-to-cell virus tr
N-asparagine linked oligosaccharide side chains of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein are posttranslationally modified by sulfate moieties.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:135 (abstract no. F.A.238); Stein BS, Engleman EG; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To establish whether HIV-1 envelope substituents are posttranslationally modified by the addition of sulfate residues in the trans Golgi complex during biosynthesis. METHODS: HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein determinants were immunoprecipitated from chronically infected H9 cells (HXB) metabolically radiolabeled w
The noncytopathic phenotype of a naturally occurring HIV-1 is the result of a vif gene mutation.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:135 (abstract no. F.A.239); Sakai K, Ma X, Gordienko I, Volsky DJ; St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, and College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: The in vitro cytopathicity of HIV has been implicated in the in vivo pathogenicity of the virus. One of multiple HIV-1 clones from a patient was found to exhibit slow infection kinetics and a lack of cytopathic effects in T cells and monocytes. Our objective was to determine the gene responsible for these bi
Defective HIV strains predicted to arise through reverse transcription.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:136 (abstract no. F.A.240); Hill A, Nee S, Anderson RM; Imperial College, London, UK; OBJECTIVE: To produce a mathematical model of HIV sequence evolution which predicts the frequency of mutations occurring during reverse transcription (RT) and their possible effects on viral viability. METHODS: The error rate of HIV reverse transcriptase (taken to be one base substitution error per 2000 nucleotides rev
Functional analysis of the HIV-1 capsid proteins by site-directed mutagenesis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:136 (abstract no. F.A.241); Gottlinger HG, Sodroski JG, Haseltine WA; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115 USA; Interactions amongst the proteins and nucleic acids which comprise the inner capsid of the HIV-1 particle are critical to both early and late stages of infection. Early in infection, capsid proteins must protect the nucleic acid within the cellular environment and permit the synthesis of a complete proviral DNA. Late i
Parental gag proteins of HIV-I penetrate into the nuclei of infected cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:136 (abstract no. F.A.242); Sharova N, Ouryvayev L, Bukrinskaya A; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, USSR; As shown for a number of enveloped RNA viruses, the subviral structure that initiates infection represents nucleoprotein, i.e. viral genome associated with capsid proteins. The composition of the HIV component within which proviral DNA is synthesized and transported into nucleus remains obscure. To investigate HIV prot
HIV-1 superinfection of CEM-SS clones infected with an interfering recombinant retroviral particle.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:136 (abstract no. F.A.243); Federico M, Taddeo B, Saggio I, Orecchia A, Verani P, Rossi GB; Dept. Virology, Istituto Superiore de Sanita, Rome, Italy; OBJECTIVE: To verify if a non-producer HIV-1 variant integrated in an Hut-78 cell clone (F12) -CD4 down regulated- is directly involved in F12 resistance to the HIV infection. METHODS: The F12 HIV provirus has been cloned from an SstI genomic library and subcloned in a retroviral vector (pLJ) harboring the G418 resista
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD4+ T cells blocked in DNA synthesis.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:137 (abstract no. F.A.244); Tang SB, Poulin L, Levy JA; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To define whether cell division is required for HIV infection and replication. METHODS: P25 antigen, indirect immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase assays were used to determine the expression of HIV proteins and viral replication. Trypan blue exclusion and syncytium formation were used to measure cel
Analysis of the early phase of the HIV-1 replicative cycle in vitro using sCD4, ddC and AZT.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:137 (abstract no. F.A.245); Pellegrino MG, Ma XP, Li G, Ma XY, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ; St. Lukes/Roosevelt Hosp. Center, New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVE: To isolate early events in the HIV-1 life-cycle (prior to viral DNA integration) and ascertain their contribution to overall viral expression. METHODS: HIV-1 infection or transfection of HIV-1 DNA of human T-cell lines was followed by exposure of cells to soluble CD4 (sCD4),
The influence of DNA methylation and histone binding on HIV-1 viral gene expression.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:137 (abstract no. F.A.246); Laughlin MA, Harouse JM, Kim JY, Gonzalez-Scarano F; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of DNA methylation and histone binding on HIV-1 expression in a chronically infected cell line. METHODS: TE671/RD cell lines containing an LTR-CAT construct with a neomycin resistance gene were maintained in selective media for several months, to insure integration. The parent cell
Effect of HIV-1 infection of neonatal macrophages.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:137 (abstract no. F.A.247); Sperduto AR, Bryson YJ, Chen IS; Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90230 USA; Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has a more rapid fatal course than HIV-1 disease seen in adults or older children. The fetus and neonate are particularly susceptible to severe and fatal disseminated illness (including viral and bacterial infections) which may be partially explained by an
Infection of normal human blood macrophages with HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:138 (abstract no. F.A.248); Valentin A, Albert J, Naucler A, Putkonen PO, Fenyo EM, Asjo B; Dept. Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; OBJECTIVE: To compare the susceptibility of normal human blood macrophages to infection with HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV. METHODS: Macrophage cultures were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) recovered by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. PBMCs were cultured in RPMI medium containing 10% HIV-negative
Structural characterization of the extrachromosomal HIV-1 replicons in persistently infected monocytic cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:138 (abstract no. F.A.249); Pauza CD, Singh M, Galindo J; Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California, USA; OBJECTIVES: Persistent HIV-1 infection of monocytic cells is associated with accumulation of novel, self-replicating, extrachromosomal viral DNA species (Pauza and Galindo (1989) J. Virol. 63:3700). It is our objective to characterize the requirement for host sequences in these replicons and to assess the interaction b
Biosynthesis, processing, and assembly of HIV in infected monocytes and T cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:138 (abstract no. F.A.250); Hansen BD, Meltzer MS, Gendelman HE; Dept. of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Inst. of Res., Washington, DC USA 20307-5100; OBJECTIVES: Assess HIV synthesis, processing, and assembly. METHODS: PHA/ IL-2 treated lymphoblasts, MCSF-treated monocytes, H9 or CEM T cell lines were infected with ADA, a monocyte tropic HIV isolate or HTLV-IIIB. Cultures were labelled with 35S-methionine with or without NH4Cl and methionine methyl ester; viral prot
Different inductive pathways of monocyte activation affect in vitro HIV replication.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:138 (abstract no. F.A.251); Olivier R, Montagnier L; Viral Oncology Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: Does HIV replication in monocytes depend on different stimuli of macrophage activation? METHODS: The regulation of HIV gene expression has been investigated (extra and intra-cellular RT and Ag capture assay; viral RNA; Facs analysis of cell markers and viral Ag; PCR) on normal donor monocytes and monocytic c
HIV infection of monocytic cells induces transcription factors able to bind the HIV enhancer.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:139 (abstract no. F.A.252); Bachelerie F, Alcami J, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Virelizier JL; Unite d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: The U 937 cell line does not express constitutively detectable nuclear proteins able to bind the HIV enhancer (EBP). However, U 937 cells are highly permissive to HIV replication. We have tested the hypothesis that HIV infection itself is able to enhance permissiveness to its own replication in U 937 cells b
Regulation of HIV replication in infected monocytes and T cells by interferon alpha (IFN): mechanisms for viral restriction.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:139 (abstract no. F.A.253); Gendelman HE, Baca LM, Turpin JA, Kalter DC, Hansen BD, Friedman R, Meltzer MS; Henry M. Jackson Fnd., Rockville, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: Assess mechanisms of HIV restriction by IFN alpha(2a). METHODS: PHA/ IL-2 treated lymphoblasts and MCSF-treated monocytes were infected with ADA, a monocyte tropic HIV isolate, HIV replication was monitored by PCR, Northern blot hybridizations, p24 antigen (Ag) and reverse transcriptase (RT) assays. RESULTS:
High HIV-1 replication in human leukocyte subsets enriched in dendritic cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:139 (abstract no. F.A.254); Langhoff E, Terwilliger E, Poznansky M, Lu Y, Haseltine WA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; OBJECTIVE: Primary human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were examined for their capacity to support growth of HIV-1. METHODS: Two molecular clones of HIV-1 were constructed in which the nef gene was replaced by the CAT gene. One clone (NRE) was constructed with an LTR devoi
The replication of HIV in naturally infected CD4+ T cells is inhibited by rIFN alpha2 and a soluble factor secreted by CD8+ T cells, but not by rIFN beta, rIFN gamma or rTNFalpha.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:139 (abstract no. F.A.255); Brinchmann JE, Gaudernack G, Vartdal F; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway; OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of rIFNs alpha, beta, gamma and rTNF alpha on the replication of HIV in naturally infected CD4+ T cells, and to determine if any of these could be the HIV-inhibitory factor previously found to be secreted by activated CD8+ T cells. METHODS: CD4+ T cells were obtained from the blood of a
Superinfection of HIV-2 infected cells by HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:140 (abstract no. F.A.256); Le Guern M, Evans LA, Canivet M, Levy JA; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the capacity of clonal cell lines infected by HIV-1 or HIV-2 to be superinfected by strains of HIV-1 or HIV-2 showing different biological properties. METHODS: Clonal HUT 78 and SupT-1 cell lines infected with HIV-1SF2 or HIV-2UC1 were derived and characterized by IFA, p25 antigen, and FACS an
Expanded host range of HIV-1 acquired through modification of gp120.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:140 (abstract no. F.A.257); Seto D, Levy JA, Cheng-Mayer C; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of gp120 modification in determining cellular tropism of HIV-1. METHODS: The host range of HIV-1 obtained following passage through different cell types was determined by infectivity studies. Modification of gp120 was examined by tunicamycin and endoglycosidase treatment. RESULTS: Our pre
In-vitro infection of natural killer cells (NK) with different HIV isolates.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:140 (abstract no. F.A.258); Chehimi J, Bandyopadhyay S, Prakash K, Kawashima H, Perussia B, Starr SE; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of different HIV isolates to replicate in human NK cells, and to investigate their effects on NK function. METHODS: Purified NK cells from peripheral blood of normal donors and cloned NK cells (clone 3.3), neither of which expressed either CD4 on their surface or CD4 mRNA, were cultu
HIV infection of gastrointestinal (GI) cell cultures.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:140 (abstract no. F.A.259); Moyer MP, Ramirez A Jr, McKee-Suarez MS, Gendelman HE; The Center for Human Cell Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA; OBJECTIVE: These studies were done to directly test infectivity of HIV for primary, early passage, and established lines of human GI cell cultures. METHODS: Normal and malignant GI epithelial and submucosal mesenchymal (SM) cells from the human colon and small intestine were cultured in vitro, phenotypically characteri
Infection of colon epithelial cells by HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:141 (abstract no. F.A.260); Evans L, Corbeil J, Edwards PD, Vasak E, Penny R, Cooper DA; Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of HIV to infect colon carcinoma cell lines and colonic mucosal cells. RESULTS: Four colon carcinoma cell lines (HT29, SW480, SKCO-1 and CaCO2) were inoculated with a number of strains of HIV and monitored for productive HIV infection. HIV-1 productively infected all of the colon carcin
Human immature eosinophils are highly susceptible to HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:141 (abstract no. F.A.261); Cornuet P, Georgoulias V, Breard J; INSERM U268, France; Two recently established immature eosinophilic cell lines were used in this study. These EoL lines, derived from an eosinophilic leukemia (Blood 66:1233, 1985), are committed to the eosinophilic lineage as shown by their development of typical eosinophilic features under the influence of differentiative agents. They ex
The rapid changes in the lipid structure of neuroblastoma cells after infection with HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:141 (abstract no. F.A.262); Klein A, Malkin A, Bruser B, Li G, Volsky DJ, Mizrachi Y; Dept. of Biochemistry, Sunnybrook Med. Ctr., University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; OBJECTIVES: High content of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) accompanied by low content of saturated FAs lead to increase in cell membrane fluidity and can explain cell fusion and death through the loss of membrane integrity. It has been demonstrated that neural cells are susceptible to HIV infection. The aim of the presen
A small subpopulation among thymic cells is sensitive to HIV1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:141 (abstract no. F.A.263); Pereira RA, Nugeyre MT, Grangette C, Vuillier F, Barre-Sinoussi F; Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia; OBJECTIVE: In order to determine at which stage along the differentiation pathway, the precursor cells of the immune system become permissive to infection, we have investigated the susceptibility of thymic cells to HIV1 infection. METHODS: Thymuses were obtained from seronegative infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Imm
Monocytotropism of HIV-1 variants correlates with a low-virulent biological phenotype.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:142 (abstract no. F.A.264); Schuitemaker J, Kootstra N, Miedema F, Tersmette M; Central Lab. Neth. Red Cross Blood Transf. Serv., Amsterdam, The Netherlands; OBJECTIVE: To study the monocytotropism of non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) and syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1 variants. METHODS: 16 NSI and 12 SI isolates, established by cocultivation with PBL were tested for their ability to infect elutriator-purified peripheral blood monocytes from 8 blood donors. Also, primary virus is
Efficient and specific HIV-1 entry into neural cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:142 (abstract no. F.A.265); Mizrachi Y, Shahabuddin M, Volsky DJ; St. Lukes/Rsvlt. Hosp. Columbia Univ. New York, NY, USA; OBJECTIVES: We studied the mechanisms of HIV-1 binding and entry, and initial steps of virus replication in neural cells. METHODS: Tumor neural cell lines of neuronal (SKNMC) glial (U251) or of muscle (TE 671) origin were used. 125I labeled gp120 was used to determine the specificity of HIV-1 env binding to neural cell
Efficient HIV-1 entry into glial cells is not mediated by CD4.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:142 (abstract no. F.A.266); Harouse JM, Laughlin MA, Godfrey B, Friedman H, Gonzalez-Scarano F; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Several CD4 negative glial cell lines can be infected with HIV-1 in culture. To determine whether this infection proceeds by an alternate entry pathway we have used a viral internalization assay based on the detection of p24gag in cellular lysates. METHODS: Cells and virus were incubated for a short period a
T-cell and macrophage tropism of HIV-1 is linked to the envelope gp120.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:142 (abstract no. F.A.267); Shioda T, Levy JA, Cheng-Mayer C; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To map the viral genome determinant(s) of T-cell and macrophage tropism of HIV-1. METHODS: Recombinant viruses were generated between biologically active molecular clones of HIV-1 isolates that show different biologic properties. The isolates studied were: HIV-1SF2, a T cell-tropic strain that down-modulates
HIV-1 infection of human monocyte cultures: effects of cytokines on HIV replication.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:143 (abstract no. F.A.268); Jendis J, Bron C, Schuepbach J; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, Institute for Immunology and Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of cytokines on the susceptibility of target cell monocyte cultures to infection with HIV isolated from seropositive individuals at various stages of HIV infection. METHODS: Virus was transmitted to monocyte cultures by cocultivation. Virus donor cells consisted of PBMC of HIV seropositi
HIV infection of human megakaryocytic cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:143 (abstract no. F.A.269); Sakaguchi M, Groopman J; Division of Hematology/Oncology, New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; OBJECTIVE: To study the susceptibility of cells of megakaryocytic lineage to HIV infection. METHODS: The human megakaryocytic cell line CMK was provided by Dr. Sato (Chiba Univ., Japan ). Three HIV-1 isolates (IIIB, Bal, 9533) and 1 HIV-2 isolate (LAV-2) were used to challenge CMK cells. Productive infection was monito
Characterization of the interaction of envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 with CD4 receptor: role of N-glycans in these interactions.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:143 (abstract no. F.A.270); Bahraoui E, Benjouad A, Fenouillet E, Kolbe H, Gluckman JC, Montagnier L; CNRS UA 1179 Marseille, France; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the affinity for CD4 of recombinant soluble gp140 of HIV-2 and gp160 of HIV-1 and to study the role of carbohydrate moieties in these interactions. METHODS: Inhibition of the binding of 125 Igp140 to CD4+ cells using native and enzymatically deglycosylated gp140. Native and deglycosylated gp14
The N-terminal region of HIV gp120 contains potential CD4-receptor binding sites.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:143 (abstract no. F.A.271); Syu WJ, Huang JH, Essex M, Lee TH; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have mapped the receptor-binding sites of HIV-1 to the C-terminal region of gp120. However, approaches taken in those studies could not exclude the possibility that other regions of gp120 were involved in receptor binding as well. The objective of this study is to explore if CD4 receptor-bin
Several CD4 domains play a role in HIV entry into cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:144 (abstract no. F.A.272); Poulin L, Evans LA, Barboza A, Legg H, Littman DR, Levy JA; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: To assess the function of the CD4 receptor during HIV infection. METHODS: A series of mutated forms of the human CD4 gene expressed into a CD4 negative T cell line were examined for susceptibility to HIV-1 and HIV2. These CD4 mutants included a CD4 containing the change of the serine 415 corresponding to a p
CD4 is the macrophage receptor for HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:144 (abstract no. F.A.273); Collman R, Godfrey B, Douglas S, Friedman H, Nathanson N, Gonzalez-Scarano F; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076 USA; OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 isolates vary in their ability to infect and replicate in macrophages, and it is possible that the macrophage entry pathway may play a role in this selective tropism. We sought to determine whether macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains utilize the CD4 molecule as their entry pathway. METHODS: Primary monocyt
Role of CD4 in FCR-mediated infection of monocytic cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:144 (abstract no. F.A.274); Jouault T, Chapuis F, Gluckman JC; CERVI. Pitie-Salpetriere Medical School, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether HIV FcR-mediated infection of monocytic cells is separable from the conventional CD4-dependent mechanism of HIV entry. METHODS: The HIV-1 BRU strain of HIV was used throughout the study. Two cell lines were used as targets for infection with either free or anti-HIV Ab-complexed HIV (Ab-H
Inhibitors of gp120-CD4 binding block HIV infection of monocyte/macrophages, even in the presence of enhancing antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:144 (abstract no. F.A.275); Perno CF, Baseler MW, Broder S, Yarchoan R; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of anti-HIV antibodies (Ab) to enhance HIV replication in peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages (M/M), and to evaluate the ability of inhibitors of gp120-CD4 binding to block HIV replication in M/M in the presence of such enhancing Ab. METHODS: Fresh or cultured peripheral blood M/M w
Fc receptor and CD4 molecule are required for antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:145 (abstract no. F.A.276); Takeda A, Sweet RW, Ennis FA; University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA; OBJECTIVE: We have previously shown evidence that antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection is mediated by Fc receptor (FcR) for IgG. While HIV-1 infection is initiated by an interaction with cell surface receptor CD4, a CD4-independent entry of the virus has also been suggested. In this study, we investigated
Inhibition and enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity by liposomes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:145 (abstract no. F.A.277); Konopka K, Davis BR, Larsen CE, Alford DR, Debs RJ, Duzgunes N; Cancer Res. Inst., University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: Since HIV fuses rapidly with liposomes composed of either anionic cardiolipin (CL) or cationic dioleoylpropyltrimethylammonium (DOTMA), we investigated the infectivity of the fusion products and the effect of liposomes on HIV-1 infectivity. METHODS: CD4+ A3.01 and H9 cells, and CD4- HUT-78/BD and K562 cells
The mechanism of complement enhanced HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:145 (abstract no. F.A.278); June RA, Schade S, Bankowski M, Kuhns M, McNamara A, Lint T, Landay A, Spear G; Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study was designed to determine if complement (C) mediated enhancement of HIV-1 antigen (Ag) production was due to increased infection as assessed by monitoring provirus and virus binding. METHODS: Supernatants containing HIV/RF were incubated with anti-HIV antibody (Ab) and/or C for 1 hr. at 3
The role of complement in HIV-1-infection of the myeloblastoid cell line U937.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:145 (abstract no. F.A.279); Reisinger EC, Vogetseder W, Solder BM, Kofler D, Bitterlich G, Berzow D, Lehr HA, Wachter H, Dierich MP; Institute for Hygiene, University of Innsbruck, Austria; To assess the role of complement and of complement receptors (CR) in HIV-1 infection of monocytes and macrophages, we studied the infectivity of HIV-1, isolated from the peripheral blood of a patient with subacute AIDS-related encephalopathy, on the human monoblastoid cell line U937. HIV-1 as well as HIV-1 infected cel
Antibody to LFA-1 blocks infection of HIV in T cells and monocytes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:146 (abstract no. F.A.280); Kalter DC, Gendelman HE, Meltzer MS; H. M. Jackson Fndn, Rockville, MD, USA; OBJECTIVE: Examine role of adhesion molecules in HIV infection. METHODS: PHA/ IL-2 treated lymphoblasts and MCSF-treated monocytes were infected with ADA, a monocyte tropic HIV isolate with and without monoclonal anti- CD4, LFA-1 (CD11a), ICAM-1 (CD54), CD11b, and CD15. HIV replication was monitored by p24 antigen, rev
Role of lymphocyte adhesion molecules in the spreading of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:146 (abstract no. F.A.281); Butini L, Poli G, Dayton A, DeMaria A, Pantaleo G, Fauci AS; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: To analyze the potential role of lymphocyte adhesion molecules in the spreading of HIV infection. METHODS: CD4+ Jurkat T cells were transfected by DEAE-dextran with the HXB2 wild type clone of HIV-1 and with an HXB2 mutant lacking the vif gene. Cells were then cultured in the absence or presence of mAbs dire
A rapid quantitative assay for inhibitors of the HIV-1 membrane fusion reaction.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:146 (abstract no. F.A.282); Bergmann JE, Lederman S, Chess L; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; OBJECTIVE: Development of an assay for the early steps in HIV-1 infection that can be used to test potential pharmacological agents. METHODS: Hela6C cells which express CD4 were infected with vPE16, a vaccinia virus expressing gp160. Various pharmacological agents or matched control agents (monoclonal antibodies OKT4A
The V3 hypervariable region of HIV-1 gp120 is required for the formation of syncytia in CD4+ cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:146 (abstract no. F.A.283); Travis BM, Dykers T, Wain RM, Critchett K, Lewis JB, Hu SL; Oncogen, Seattle, WA, USA; OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional role of the V3 hypervariable region (aa. 302-321) of HIV-1 gp120. METHODS: Recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed that expressed either wild-type or mutant forms of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The ability of these recombinant viruses to induce syncytia in HeLa CD4+ cells
Interaction of HIV gp41 synthetic N-terminal fragments with natural and artificial membranes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:147 (abstract no. F.A.284); Andreev SM, Slepushkin VA, Sidorova MV, Melikjan GB, Kornilaeva GV, Tshumakov VM, Azmuko AA, Kalmanson AE, Karamov EV; Institute of Immunology, USSR Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, USSR; N-terminal segment of HIV transmembrane gp41 (fusion domain) plays important role during virus penetration into the cell by direct fusion between HIV and cellular membranes. In order to study some features of the HIV-induced fusion mechanism we have examined the ability of nine synthetic peptide fragments of fusion dom
Delineating regions of the CD4 molecule functionally important for HIV infection & HIV-induced cell fusion with synthetic peptides and neutralizing antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:147 (abstract no. F.A.285); Rausch DM, Celada F, Padgett M, Eiden LE, Chandrasekhar B, Kalyanaraman VS, Hwang KM, Lifson JD; National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; OBJECTIVE: Inhibition of HIV-induced cell fusion, HIV infection, and direct binding of gp120 to CD4 by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (CD4 Mabs) and CD4-derived synthetic peptides was compared directly and in cross-blocking studies to define structural as well as functional epitopes for anti-CD4 antibodies. METHODS: CD
Roles of CDR2- and CDR3-like domains of CD4 in functional interactions with HIV envelope glycoproteins and immune function as defined by monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:147 (abstract no. F.A.286); Lifson JD, Hwang KM, Rausch DM, Wu P, Rivas A, Engleman EG, Estess P, Buck D, Eiden LE; Genelabs Incorporated, Redwood City, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: We have used both modified CD4-derived synthetic peptides and CD4-reactive murine monoclonal antibodies as probes to assess the contributions of the CDR2-like and CDR3-like domains of CD4 to functional interactions with HIV envelope glycoproteins and molecular interactions involved in CD4-dependent immune fu
Fusion of HIV-1 with liposomes.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:147 (abstract no. F.A.287); Larsen C, Alford DR, Jennings M, Debs R, Duzgunes N; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: We investigated the kinetics of membrane fusion between HIV-1 and phospholipid vesicles and the effects of pH, divalent cation, and target membrane composition on this process. METHODS: Sucrose gradient purified HIV-1 was labeled with octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (R18), and fusion was monitored continuousl
Monoclonal antibodies to CD4 can differentiate between the processes of CD4/virus binding and subsequent infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:148 (abstract no. F.A.288); Healey D, Buck D, Moore J, Dianda L, Beverley P, Sattentau Q; University College, London U.K.; OBJECTIVE: An investigation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to CD4 revealed that not all reagents which blocked infection could inhibit the binding of gp120. METHODS: Therefore, these reagents have been mapped to their respective binding sites using site directed mutant CD4 molecules, or anti CD4 cross-competition
Effect of affinity on function of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs).: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:148 (abstract no. F.A.289); Habeshaw J, Wilks D, Walker L, Burchnell-Smith C, Dalgleish AG; Retrovirus Research Group, Harrow UK; OBJECTIVE: i) To measure the affinity of a panel of anti-CD4 Mabs for recombinant CD4 (sCD4). ii) To compare the ability of Mabs to inhibit syncytium induction by HIV, and prevent binding of recombinant gp120 (rgp120) to CD4+ cells. iii) to determine the effect of i) on ii). iv) To assess differences between sCD4 prepa
Inhibition of chymotrypsin activity by a major neutralizing epitope of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:148 (abstract no. F.A.290); Hattori T, Murakami T, Takatsuki K; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University Medical School, Kumamoto, Japan 860; OBJECTIVE: The biochemical activity of a major neutralizing epitope of gp120 of HIV-1 was studied, in order to clarify a role of the epitope in infection and to assess a pathological role of the epitope. The middle of the portion (GPGR) is highly conserved, whereas the amino acid sequences flanking this portion is hype
Role of N-linked glycans of the envelope glycoproteins in the infectivity of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:148 (abstract no. F.A.291); Fenouillet E, Gluckman JC, Bahraoui E; CERVI, Pitie-Salpetriere Medical School, Paris, France; OBJECTIVE: Recombinant glycoproteins may be differently glycosylated than, and behave differently from, native proteins. Therefore, we compared the composition of N-linked glycans (CHO) of recombinant and native HIV-1 env glycoproteins (gp) and investigated their role in situ on viral particles in the binding to, and v
Downregulation of HIV-1 replication, provirus expression and LTR transcription by Nef expressing cell lines.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:149 (abstract no. F.A.292); Maitra R, McCoy S, Ahmad N, Holland SM, Lane CH, Venkatesan S; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases, Bethesda, MD USA; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of HIV-1 Nef protein on the HIV-1 expression and LTR transcription. METHODS: 1) A series of Nef + Jurkat lymphoid, HeLa and 3T3 cell lines expressing HIV-1 Nef from the HIV-1 LTR or from a constitutive CMV promoter or an inducible MMTV LTR were constructed; 2) Nef cell lines were s
Significance of antibody response to the viral negative factor (nef) for diagnostics of HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:149 (abstract no. F.A.293); Kolomeetz ND, Bobkov AF, Erjomin BS, Garaev MM; The D.I.Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, USSR; OBJECTIVE: To estimate prognostic value of the nef-specific antibody response prior to seroconversion for antibodies to the HIV-1 structural proteins. METHODS: Serum samples were tested by Western blot using recombinant gag (p17/p24), env (gp120/g41), pol (p66/p51/p34) proteins and a detergent disrupted HIV-1 virus sus
Cytopathic effects linked to early interactions of HIV with the cell surface.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:149 (abstract no. F.A.294); Fermin CD, Garry RF; Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; OBJECTIVE: To elucidate cell surface events during HIV attachment and penetration which may result in cytopathology. METHODS: Cells of the RH9 subclone of the CD4+ HuT 78 line were exposed for 1 hr to 5 infectious units HIV/cell prior to fixation and preparation for electron microscopy. Freshly prepared stocks of a hig
Molecular determinants of HIV-2 pathogenicity.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:149 (abstract no. F.A.295); Kumar P, Kappes JC, Jin JM, Conway JA, Mixon ML, Taylor MS, Haggerty B, Hoxie JA, Shaw GM, Hahn BH; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Naturally-occurring strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can vary considerably in their in vitro biological properties, and such differences may also be reflected in their in vivo pathogenesis. In an attempt to define genetic determinants of viral pathogenicity, we have molecularly cloned, sequenced and charac
Biological heterogeneity of HIV-2 strains.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:150 (abstract no. F.A.296); Castro BA, Barnett SW, Evans LA, Moreau J, Odehouri K, Levy JA; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: Biological characterization of HIV-2 strains from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients from the Ivory Coast . METHODS: The host range of 7 different HIV-2 strains was determined by culturing them in PBMC from humans and non-human primates and in established T.B. and monocyte cell lines. Infe
Productive and persistent infection of MT-4 cells with HIV-1 vif mutant.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:150 (abstract no. F.A.297); Ikuta K, Watanabe M, Ogawa K, Kishi M, Adachi A, Kato S, Ueda S; Inst. Immunol. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan; OBJECTIVE: We previously reported the isolation of persistently infected MT-4 cells after drastic cytolysis by HIV-1 infection. Molecular-biological analyses indicated that MT-4 cells primarily infected with genomically defective HIV-1 survived the infection. To examine the possible identification of HIV-1 gene(s) invo
Genes in the 3' end of the HIV-1 genome control HIV replication and cytopathology.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:150 (abstract no. F.A.298); Quiroga M, Cheng-Mayer C, York-Higgins D, Levy JA, Dina D; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USA; OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 isolates, besides extensive sequence variation, exhibit differences in their host cell range and vary in their ability to cause cytopathic effects in their host cells, form plaques in the MT-4 cell line and down modulate the CD4 receptor molecule. Some of these properties have been correlated with path
Infection of hemopoetic progenitor cells with HIV1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:150 (abstract no. F.A.299); Kojouharoff G, Ottmann OG, van Briesen H, Ganser A, Hoelzer D; Dept. Hematol., Univ. Clinic, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, F.R.Germany; OBJECTIVE: To study direct infection of hemopoetic progenitor cells in vitro as a possible mechanism of suppression of hemopoesis in ARC and AIDS. METHODS: Highly purified Cd34+ hemopoetic progenitor cells from normal donors were cocultured with HIV or HIV-infected macrophages in serum-free low density suspension cultu
CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells not a major reservoir of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:151 (abstract no. F.A.300); von Laer D, Hufert F, Kern P, Schwander S, Fenner T, Dietrich M, Schmitz H; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute of Tropical Medicine, Clinical and Virological Department, Hamburg, F.R.G.; OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 infection is frequently associated with anemia and leukopenia. The replication of HIV in bone marrow stem cells has been proposed as a potential explanation. METHODS: To study this hypothesis we purified CD34+ cells (which are highly enriched in hematopoietic progenitors) from the bone marrows of 14 HI
Investigation of HIV infection in bone marrow hemopoietic stem/progenitor cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:151 (abstract no. F.A.301); Davis BR, Marx J, Johnson C, Berry M, Schwartz D; Medical Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; OBJECTIVES: 1) To establish the presence or absence of HIV provirus in CD34+ bone marrow stem/progenitor cells isolated from HIV+ individuals. 2) To determine whether the suppression of hemopoiesis frequently seen in ARC/AIDS is due to stem/progenitor cell infection. METHODS: CD34+ cells were immunomagnetically purifie
Expression of HIV-1 in glial cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:151 (abstract no. F.A.302); Herrmann R, Ludwigsen A, Chuah M, Brack-Werner R, Kohleisen B, Kleinschmidt A, Erfle V; GSF-Abt. Mol. Zellpath. Neuherberg, FRG; OBJECTIVE: Analysis of HIV-1 expression using a persistently infected glial cell line as a model system for virus latency. METHODS: a) A glial cell line persistently infected with HIV-1 (TH4-7-5) was analysed for expression of HIV-1 antigens by immunoperoxidase staining and/or Western blotting using mabs against struct
HIV-infected macrophage soluble factors alter human brain tissue.: Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23; 6:151 (abstract no. F.A.303); Pulliam L, Tang N, Herndier B, McGrath M; University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; OBJECTIVE: We wished to establish a human model for AIDS dementia and pursue the hypothesis that this dementia may be a result of an indirect mechanism produced by HIV-infected macrophages. METHODS: Human brain cell aggregates were prepared from 7 different specimens. Aggregates were treated with HIV-infected macrop

6th International AIDS Conference

San Francisco, California USA — Jun 20-23, 1990