Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:21 (abstract no. W.D.8)
Rivera-Dueno J, Borras F, Kouri Y, Shepard D, Sotomayor J, Rizek R; San Juan AIDS Institute, San Juan, Puerto Rico
1) to assess the direct and indirect costs of AIDS in Puerto Rico ; 2) to compare these data with those from other Latin American and Caribbean countries, 3) to discuss policy implications regarding alternative management models. Assess the number of AIDS cases, determine the use of health services
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:21 (abstract no. W.D.7)
Hellinger FJ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, US Dept. of Health and Human Services
To forecast the cost of medical care for all people with the HIV in the United States during the years 1991-1994. Estimates of the number of persons with AIDS (PWAs) during the years 1991-1994 are derived using statistical models and data on the number of AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disea
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:38 (abstract no. W.D.62)
Hardy M, El-Sadr W, Guity C, Traynor M, Capps L, Khanyile C, Paul E, Fuentes L; Harlem Hospital Center
The Harlem AIDS Treatment Group (which includes 2 hospital-based clinics, 5 community clinics, 4 methadone treatment programs and a homeless men s shelter) was established to provide HIV-infected African American and Latino men and women with the opportunity to participate in clinical trials for AIDS. In ord
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:38 (abstract no. W.D.61)
Boroni V; International Center on Ethical, Legal and Forensic-Medical Issues related to AIDS - San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
THE Of this study is to highlight how AIDS affects the life and the integrity of a family, especially in cases regarding marriage, children, divorce and moments whereby family needs social assistance. The study founds itself on a survey of European laws and Family Court sentences; it also takes into
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:38 (abstract no. W.D.60)
Barr D, Solis-Marich M, Fraser-Howze D, Killen J, Harrington M; Gay Men's Health Crisis, New York, NY, USA
Responding to calls from patient advocates, the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG), responsible for most AIDS clinical research in the US, determined it useful for community constituents to be involved in the development of AIDS research. A group of advocates was called on to create a structure for th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:21 (abstract no. W.D.6)
Decosas J; Canadian International Development Agency; Quebec; Canada
The population pyramid in most African countries is symmetrical with a broad base. However, in urban areas, one finds a prominent one-sided bulge caused by the migration of young males (18-35) into the cities for employment. The prevalence of HIV infection in urban populations in Africa is highest in the 25-35 age-grou
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:38 (abstract no. W.D.59)
Van Praag E, Kalumba K, Himonga HB, Chirwa BU, Haworth A; WHO-GPA Team Zambia
To describe and analyse degree of integration of various structures and operational realities of the Zambian AIDS Prevention and Control Programme (NAPCP) within Ministries and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) at national, provincial, district and community levels. METHODOLOGY: Key variables identifying
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:37 (abstract no. W.D.58)
Swaminathan S, Kumaresan G; Institute of Social Affairs, Madras, India
To gain an understanding of the factors which will best increase condom use among commercial sex providers and commercial sex seekers in the city of Madras. In May 1990, 100 female prostitutes were recruited for a pilot study to develop HIV intervention program. A series of focus groups were held to
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:37 (abstract no. W.D.57)
Rofes E, Paras M; Shanti Project, San Francisco, California, USA
What methods may be used to successfully transform AIDS service organizations so that they adequately serve diverse clients? The study focuses on Shanti Project, a San Francisco group based in the gay community confronting shifting demographics and increased numbers of women, children, people of col
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:37 (abstract no. W.D.56)
Crane SF, Filgueiras A, Row KA, Swaminathan S; Family Health International, NC, USA
To reach marginalized groups such as street children, gay men, commercial sex workers (CSWs), and their clients with AIDS prevention information through local non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Three local NGOs recognized the impact that AIDS was having on the marginalized groups they worked wit
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:37 (abstract no. W.D.55)
De la Rosa CG, Suarez y T E, Wlsh M, Weiss E; Federacion Mexicana de Asociaciones Privadas de Desarrollo Comunitario, Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mex
To develop, put into practice, and evaluate an informal education strategy in a community-based program of AIDS and STD for commercial sex workers in Cd. Juarez. METHODOLOGY: A quasi-experimental research design, using pre and post intervention KAP survey was implemented to measure change in attitudes and ov
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:36 (abstract no. W.D.54)
Friedman SR, Jose B, Neaigus A, Sufian M, Goldsmith D, Des Jarlais DC; Narcotic and Drug Research Inc., New York, NY, USA
To evaluate if mobilizing peer pressure among drug injectors increases condom use. Intervention: Peer pressure for risk reduction was mobilized during group meetings, during one-on-one counseling, and while distributing condoms, bleach, and other supplies. Sample: 243 neighborhood drug injectors (65
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:36 (abstract no. W.D.53)
Sakondhavat C, Werawatakul Y, Bennett A; Department of Ob-Gyn., Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
To test whether brothel managers in Khon Kaen City will adopt and successfuly implement a condom-only policy in their establishments. Brothel workers in Thailand are at high risk of HIV infection but they alone do not have adequate bargaining power to insist on condom use with all clients. Brothel m
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:36 (abstract no. W.D.52)
Hickson F, Davies PM, Hunt AJ, Weatherburn P, McManus TJ, Coxon AP; Project SIGMA, South Bank Polytechnic, London, UK
To examine the assumptions behind the notion of relapse as applied to the re-emergence of unsafe sexual behaviour after a period of safe behaviour among homosexual men. A cohort of 381 gay and bisexual men in England and Wales were interviewed in 1988 and again in 1989 about their sexual behaviour,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:36 (abstract no. W.D.51)
Cohen M; INSERM U21 & U263, Paris France
To suggest which types of HIV prevention programs are effective at different stages of the HIV epidemic. Epidemiology, meta- and content analysis are used; HIV incidence patterns are based on Hepatitis B cohorts from San Francisco (SF) and Amsterdam (AM). Theoretical frameworks were derived from a me
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:21 (abstract no. W.D.5)
Siankanga Z, Chela C, Bailey B, Mwilu R; The Salvation Army Chikankata Hospital, Mazabuka, Southern Province, Zambia
To discuss how the home care programme is meeting the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of HIV infected individuals, their families and communities. To summarise locally relevant management principles such as decentralisation, administration systems, integration with existing primary healt
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:461 (abstract no. W.D.4295)
Herbert B, Isaac N; The Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, Ma, USA
This presentation explores the theoretical connection between known epidemiology of woman battering and that of seropositive women whose risk factor is heterosexual transmission. It explicates specific links between known aspects of the battering syndrome encompassing controlling, intimidating and terrorizin
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:461 (abstract no. W.D.4294)
Sourdif I, MacAmmond D, Liepold H, Jones B; AIDS Information and Education Services, Health Promotion Directorate, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada
To develop a framework for AIDS Education Programs among women in Canada to guide the federal government s action on education and prevention and serve as a basis for continuing discussion and planning with partners for future initiatives. A background paper outlining issues on women and AIDS has be
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:461 (abstract no. W.D.4293)
Gilada IS; Dept. of Skin & STD, Grant Medical College, Bombay-400008, India
Effective strategies for contact and communication within the sex industry workers, a community hitherto isolated from the mainstream of society was determined as a research priority, in HIV prevention, given the Third World contexts. It was hypothesized that a step by step sequenced strategy would yield des
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:461 (abstract no. W.D.4292)
Donnan K;
To demonstrate, through subjective and objective case histories, the obstacles facing North American heterosexual women who have AIDS, or are perceived as having AIDS. Personal experience; intense, fulltime experience counselling AIDS patients and their families; speaking/lecturing and dealing with
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:460 (abstract no. W.D.4291)
D'Eramo JE, Kirschenbaum DZ, McCarthy M, Davis T; AIDS Treatment Resourcces (ATR), New York, NY - USA
To determine whether women, African-Americans, Latinos and intravenous drug users (IVDU s) were less likely to be enrolled in certain AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) protocols than white males and to determine whether they were concentrated at certain trial sites. Demographic analysis of data gathe
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:460 (abstract no. W.D.4290)
Stynes R, Carter L; HIV-Team Bouverie Family Centre Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
To present the experience and findings of a team of family therapists who work with HIV-infected and affected individuals, couples and families. To outline the essential elements, as identified by this Team that have improved the impact of counselling interventions. The following elements will be ou
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:460 (abstract no. W.D.4289)
Serfaty A, Micouraud M, Perrault M, Patris C, Debeaupuis J; AIDS Division, Ministry of Health, Paris
To identify discrepencies between objectives stated in the legal documents related to the implementation and the functionning of the HIV testing and counseling sites (CDAG) and attempted objectives. MATERIAL & Units of observation and analysis are the 119 sites implemented in 1988 & 1989 unde
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:460 (abstract no. W.D.4288)
Anonymous;
-To examine HIV counselling issues. -To improve the quality and consistency of counselling services across the province. -To encourage professional counsellors to recognize the strength and resources in the community (e.g., families, friends, lovers of people with HIV) and develop a new approach to HIV couns
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:459 (abstract no. W.D.4287)
Tapia V, De Moya EA, Koenig H; Programa Control ETS/SIDA (PROCETS, MINHEALTH), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (DR)
To experimentally determine the critical moment and the optimal number of counselling sessions for anxiety reduction during the process of HIV testing in a laboratory setting. Eight experimental groups of 15 persons attending the DR National Laboratory for HIV testing during 1989 received different
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:459 (abstract no. W.D.4286)
Hanan JL, Wertman S, Moura EM, Morais-de-Sa CA; Gaffree & Guinle University Hospital, University of Rio de Janeiro - UNI-RIO, Brazil
1. Develop a multidisciplinary approach, teaming social workers and psychologists with physicians; 2. to help patients begin to express their emotional response and understand their life situation. METHODOLOGY: Patients were attended during 1990 using an existential - humanistic approach; were encouraged to
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:459 (abstract no. W.D.4285)
Morosini P, Gigantesco A, Serpelloni G, Galvan U, Gnarini R, Guidetti E, Giuliani M; Lab. Epidemiologia e Biostatistica- I.S.S., Roma, Italy
The aims of this study are: 1) to compare the process of counseling in two different centers with a full counseling programme; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling other two centers in which counseling is left to individual staff attitude and skill are assessed as control. Subjects are eli
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:459 (abstract no. W.D.4284)
Dumaret A, Rosset DJ, Boucher N, Torossian V, Donati P; INSERM U.69 Montrouge F. ASE Paris F
The aim of the research is to study the environment of the children born to HIV+ mothers, the different ways of the families to cope with and the various care possibilities (familial or institutional). The study, based on a transversal approach, will compare 2 groups of children: children living in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:458 (abstract no. W.D.4283)
Silverman F, Little D, Rice A; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
To empower health care workers providing treatment to HIV infected patient who have a co-morbid substance abuse disorder. The increase in HIV seroprevalence for intravenous drug users can be as high as 14% yearly. Anecdotal evidence and case examples will show that as more HIV infected substance abu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:458 (abstract no. W.D.4282)
Moreira C, Tannus L, Bellucci S; Centro Corsini, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil
To identify the differences in Occupational Therapy Process results with soropositeve cocaine users patients, using concrete activity or verbal attendance. Patients conducted to Occupational Therapy Sector behavior analysis during 1988 June to 1990 December follow-up period. The follow-up consists o
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:458 (abstract no. W.D.4281)
Bevier P, Ewing W, Hildebrandt D, Castro K, Chiasson MA; New York City Dept. of Health, NY, NY
To determine if HIV risk behaviors are reduced after counseling, and to evaluate determinants of behavior change in STD patients. Questionnaires were administered at enrollment and 6 months after HIV risk behavior counseling. Behaviors during the 6 months prior to counseling are compared to post-co
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:458 (abstract no. W.D.4280)
Corsi A, Albizzati A, Cervini R, Grioni A, Musetti L, Saccani M; Istituto Di Neuropsichiatria Infantile-Universita' Di Milano-Italy
Study on the prevalence of hyperactive behaviours in sero-positive children, infected by vertical transmission and its eventual correlations with the sero-positivity condition. 220 HIV+ children, aged from 0 to 9 years, belonging to different categories according to the CDC pediatric criteria, have b
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:457 (abstract no. W.D.4279)
Lazzari C, Campione F, Costigliola P, Ricchi E, Chiodo F; Inst. of Infectious Diseases and Dept. of Psychology - University of Bologna, Italy
To evaluate the HIV Ab-positive Italian patients orientation to seeking professional psychological help. 70 HIV Ab-positive patients (homosexual males, and male and female intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs)), answered the questionnaire of Fisher and Turner (J.Consult. and Clin.Psych., 1970, 35:79-90)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:457 (abstract no. W.D.4277)
Emmott S; The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
To assess effectiveness of cognitive group therapy for decreasing the distress of those infected with HIV. Specifically, to monitor changes in anxiety, depression and coping mechanisms among a sample of HIV+ homosexual men before and after their participation in one of three 10-week cognitive therapy groups.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:457 (abstract no. W.D.4276)
Murphy DA, Kelly JA, Brasfield T, Koob J, Bahr R, St Lawrence J; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES: Conflicting findings as to whether HIV+ patients exhibit significant levels of depression have been reported. Given the expanding HIV crisis, mental health professionals need to be prepared to deal with psychosocial distress among this population. This investigation was conducted to determine
The objectives of the study were to (1) evaluate the effect of an AIDS education program on university students knowledge of AIDS, AIDS-related attitudes, and sexual practices, and (2) to determine the predictive value of the Health Locus of Control construct. One hundred and eleven Canadian univer
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:456 (abstract no. W.D.4274)
Muir HW, Taylor RN, Schalla WO, Hearn TL, Mast GE, Glaude AL, Valdiserri RO; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To develop a system which would permit laboratorians and other health workers to identify and correct AIDS-related laboratory testing problems. As part of its Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP), the Centers for Disease Control developed the Laboratory Performance Information Exchange System
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:456 (abstract no. W.D.4273)
Margo G, MacDonald G, Schneider A, Dayrit M, Abad M, Consunji B; AIDSCOM/Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA
CONTEXT: Low incidence of HIV infection and few diagnosed cases of AIDS permit Philippine government planners the time in which to analyze the opportunities available to them in communicating with the general public about HIV prevention. PURPOSE: To use social marketing techniques systematically to develop, implement a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:456 (abstract no. W.D.4272)
Jimerson A, Abejuela W, Weller P, Sevilla R, Hernandez E, Figueroa JP; AIDSCOM/Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA
To illustrate how data collected through telephone hotlines can be used to develop and evaluate AIDS prevention communication campaigns. Data sets and programs from Jamaica , the Philippines , Peru , and Brazil w
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:455 (abstract no. W.D.4271)
Kitzinger J, Beharrell P, Miller D; Glasgow University Media Group, Scotland UK
To explore the process of production, the content and audience understandings of AIDS media messages. Two years of AIDS media coverage was subjected to detailed content analysis, 88 journalists and their sources were interviewed, 52 different pre-existing audience groups were engaged in guided discu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:455 (abstract no. W.D.4270)
Klass PE; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston City Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
To examine popular perceptions of pediatric HIV disease, I looked at coverage in the print media, using the explication of individual texts, broader thematic analysis, and quantitative surveys of the literature; I also drew on my own experience writing for The New York Times. Textual and semiotic an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:455 (abstract no. W.D.4269)
Lepicier R, Jimenez R; KCET-TV/Educational Enterprises/Hispanic Projects, Los Angeles, CA, USA
HIV/AIDS has been disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities in the United States . KCET, Educational Enterprises in Los Angeles with guidance and support from the Centers for Disease Control has sought to bring culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS prevention messages to the nation s Hispanic community utilizing the docum
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:455 (abstract no. W.D.4268)
Rene MN, Champeau J; Preventive Health Centers of the French Social Service
To assess the following questions: are people well informed about aids? How do they sexually behave? Who uses condoms? Who has undergone a HIV test? Do high risk populations behave in a preventive way? MATERIAL AND 5371 women and 5272 men, from 15 to 49 years, coming for a check up were inquired ano
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:454 (abstract no. W.D.4267)
Convisser J, Momat K, Kambamba SA, Eiger R; Projet d'Education par les Medias sur le SIDA au Zaire, a project of Population Services International, USA
CONTEXT: Mass media is recognized as a powerful tool in any national AIDS education campaign. However, in the African context, where some communities do not have access to television or radio, the reach of these media may be limited. It is therefore necessary to seek innovative ways to amplify the reach and disseminati
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:454 (abstract no. W.D.4266)
Haglind P, Ackerhans M, Falkenstrom G; Environmental and Health Protection Agency, Gothenburg, Sweden
ORGANIZATION: The Health Protection Agency in Gothenburg in cowork with health authorities and voluntary organizations. Recruitment among people aged 18-25 on voluntary basis to whom information about HIV/AIDS/STD is provided. PURPOSE: The purpose of the Red Army - about 30 persons dressed in red overalls - is to be se
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:454 (abstract no. W.D.4265)
Hernandez E, MacDonald G; Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
CONTEXT: Sensationalistic coverage of AIDS by the Manila media was fanning public fears of the disease and making it difficult for accurate information to be disseminated. PURPOSE: To increase the accuracy, timeliness and responsibility of the Manila print and broadcast media s coverage of HIV/AIDS in the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:454 (abstract no. W.D.4264)
Herek GM, Batchava Y, Capitanio J, Araba-Owoyele L, Castaneda D; Univ. of California, Davis, CA USA
To use social-psychological research and theory on communication and persuasion to evaluate existing English-language Aids-educational videotapes. STUDY 1: Thirty-four AIDS educational videos were content-analyzed, using variables selected from the social psychological literature. STUDY 2: Viewers (
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:453 (abstract no. W.D.4263)
Colaiacomo M, Alba L, Boumis E, De Carli G, Girardi E, Grisetti S, Lo Presti E, Nurra G, Puro V, Schito S, et al; AIDS Unit RM/10 at L. Spallanzani Hospital, Rome Italy
To evaluate the impact of an AIDS information campaign on public awareness of the risk of HIV infection and on its efficacy in leading to detect infected people. Italian Ministry of Health started on April 22, 1990 a new multimedia information campaign on AIDS, focusing on heterosexual risk. No mess
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:453 (abstract no. W.D.4262)
Orsi MG, Groppi C, Santi M; Health Service for Drug Addicts Florence (Italy) - National Secretariat Association of Drug Addicts Public Services
To propose a sociological strategic model based on opinion leaders promotion among specific groups of adolescents population. According to the epidemiological European infection pattern showing an increase of HIV infection rate among young female population, we analyzed the psycho-social aspects tha
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:453 (abstract no. W.D.4261)
Aillot M, Le Bitoux J, Fontenay F, Mettetal JF, Edelmann F; ARCAT-SIDA/CIVIS
The improvement of information about AIDS as the epidemic progresses. Detailed analysis of written and audiovisual information; computerisation of data; interviews. The analysis reveals: 1) A marked reduction in serious errors. 2) Diminishing alarmism despite the spread of the epidemic. 3)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:453 (abstract no. W.D.4260)
Babiak I, MacFadden D; Fisons Pharmaceuticals, Pickering, Ontario Canada
To compare the press coverage of the VI International AIDS Conference by both the lay and medical press in the period during and after the conference, to analyze the coverage in terms of emphasis placed on medical and non-medical issues and to compare the coverage locally in San Francisco to the Canadian pre
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:452 (abstract no. W.D.4259)
Bird K, Lucas G, Stevens C; National HIV Prevention Information Service, London, UK
To improve the impact and effectiveness of prevention work through the provision of up to date and accurate information. The National HIV Prevention Information Service is a national information service for people working in HIV education and prevention that was launched in July 1990. NHPIS is uniqu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:452 (abstract no. W.D.4258)
Bueno SM, Gir E, Moriya TM, Oliveira MH, Tavares MS, Bueno JV; University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto - Sao Paulo - Brazil
We have tried to know the young scholars view on the meaning of sexuality, sexually transmissible diseases and AIDS, as well as their major concerns in life. We carried out a research on 1972 young students of Government s Schools, secondary schools, of a city in the country, in the State of Sao Paul
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:452 (abstract no. W.D.4257)
Lupton D; Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
This study analyses the way in which the Australian press reported the threat of AIDS to heterosexuals over a period when the Australian government ran campaigns to persuade the general population that they were at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Every article which mentioned HIV/AIDS in an Australian
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:452 (abstract no. W.D.4256)
Longo PH, Van Buuren NG, Pereira R, Basilia C, Macedo A; Instituto Brasileiro de Inovacoes em Saude Social, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
To analyse how the general campaigns reach an especific high risk group like the male prostitutes, with a high HIV incidence. To reinforce the importance of the personal and constant contact. A psychosocial survey with a group of 185 male prostitutes aged 11 to 23, working at the streets of Rio de
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:451 (abstract no. W.D.4255)
Firpo R, Dugan P, Roseman J, Zeljkovic S, Re O, Baker CJ; County of Los Angeles/Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA USA
To increase the perceived vulnerability to HIV and to reduce HIV risk behaviors of incarcerated adolescents in Los Angeles County Juvenile Halls through the creation of peer AIDS educational videotapes. After school wide HIV risk reduction education, a selected group of particularly high risk adole
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:451 (abstract no. W.D.4254)
Ollivier B, Reboulot B, Cassuto JP; CHRU Nice - France
To reveal the characteristic reactions and apprehensions of the general public during an information campaign for the prevention of AIDS during the summer season. Analyse the behaviour in different setting (direct contact with the public, information booths, brochure distribution). The public targete
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:451 (abstract no. W.D.4253)
Lemoux Y, Beiso P, David R, Marty Lavauzelle A, Froidevaux R;
To provide realistic, general medical information in an easily accessible form to all people infected with the HIV virus (treated and untreated HIV-positive). A free, nationally distributed newsletter for the widest readership possible featuring the following sections: medical newsbriefs, personal ex
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:451 (abstract no. W.D.4252)
Linhares MI, Tame JM, Mourao P, Castilho E; Banco da Providencia da Arquidiocese do Rio de Janeiro
To measure knowledge and beliefs about AIDS among people with higher education level providing data to public health authorities for a better educational prevention campaign. In November 1990, a self conducted anonimous 20 items questionnaire was distributed during a philanthropic fair, to measure k
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:450 (abstract no. W.D.4251)
Caprara A, Dedy S, DeGregorio GC, Parenzi A, Salazar CM, Tape G; International Course for Primary Health Care Managers, Istituto Superiore di Sanita Rome, Italy
The purpose of this study was to better understand the socio-cultural aspects related to AIDS, and to identify differences between and among two major Ivorian ethnic groups, Bete and Baoule, with respect to their knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of AIDS. Such information will be useful for the plannin
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:450 (abstract no. W.D.4250)
Hasbun J, Hornik R, Pareja R, De Moya EA; COMPUMETODO
To explore AIDS knowledge, risk behavior, attitudes toward persons with AIDS and information needs in the general population, nationwide. 300 men and 300 women were interviewed in a general adult population KABP study through a multiphasic sampling method. A questionnaire appraised AIDS knowledge a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:450 (abstract no. W.D.4249)
Messou E, Carballo; BP V47-Abidjan-Ivory Coast
CONTEXT: Study practiced on July 1989 within the framework of a medium term plan against AIDS. AIM: To determine the information sources about AIDS, to carry out a strategie of Health Education. A pool enquiry by bunches among a group of population aged 15-49 TV (41%), newspapers (28%) and radio (23%)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:450 (abstract no. W.D.4248)
De Vroome E, Sandfort TH, Tielman R; Gay and Lesbian Studies Department, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Which sources of information regarding the prevention of HIV-infection have successively been used by Dutch homosexual men, and was the kind of information source related to the consistent adoption of safer sex. A cohort of 365 homosexual men was studied in 86, 87,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:449 (abstract no. W.D.4247)
Bolanos M, Fields M, Peppert J; Dept. of Health, Olympia, Washington, USA
To evaluate the impact of HIV/AIDS education in the workplace, a knowledge and attitude study was completed in 1,458 state employees over a 6 month period. 28% of the employees were licensed professionals in the health care field. 72% of the employees were non-licensed. An educational program was im
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:449 (abstract no. W.D.4246)
Gurvitch A, Bye L, Emery A, Randolph S; American Red Cross, National Headquarters Wash. D.C., USA
To survey decision-makers in U.S. small businesses to determine: 1) the scope of existing HIV/AIDS education and policies; 2) perceptions and experiences regarding HIV/AIDS; and 3) interest in providing HIV/AIDS education. A national probability sample (n=1493) of small businesses (100 or fewer empl
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:449 (abstract no. W.D.4245)
Meldrum J, Hardy V, Kelmanson A, Jay M; National AIDS Trust (NAT), London, England
To combat discrimination in the workplace; to promote education on HIV and AIDS, and to reinforce UK governmental guidance to employers issued in 1986 and renewed in 1990. Two development officers have been employed by the NAT to survey existing practice by employers and to develop a strategy for fu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:449 (abstract no. W.D.4244)
Gryschek RC, Salvador DR, Segurado AA, Dias MA, Ciccotti SM, Grieco EB, Thomazini ME; AIDS Programme Coordination Group, Banespa/Cabesp, Sao Paulo State Bank, Sao Paulo, Brazil
1. To survey the knowledge of AIDS among employees of the Sao Paulo State Bank (Banespa) and their attitudes towards HIV-infected coworkers. 2. The survey was carried out by the filling out of a questionnaire by 1512 volunteers, during the annual cultural event of the company. Special interest is f
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:448 (abstract no. W.D.4243)
De Santi A, Bertinato L, Mezzabotta G, Rota C, Minnucci P, Ceccarelli S, Greco D; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
The Italian Government has identified an urgent need for training in HIV its health personnel, and particularly for those providing services to HIV-infected individuals. Funds have been authorized to support training for 8,750 nurses and doctors working in Italy s 21 regions. To reduce incidence of HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:448 (abstract no. W.D.4242)
Pereira MS, Moriya TM, Gir E, Oliveira MH, Tavares MS, Bueno SM; Federal University of Goias, Department of Nursing
To identify the types of educational programs on AIDS that have been developed on Surgical Centers and to identify the nursing team s attitudes and feelings concerning the AIDS patient s caring. A questionnaire was elaborated and answered by the nursing teams of Surgical Centers of nine general hos
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:448 (abstract no. W.D.4241)
Jackson H, Pitts MK; School of Social Work, Harare, Zimbabwe
To examine to what extent companies in Zimbabwe are concerned about AIDS and the orientation of any policy they may be adopting. This is in the context of a widespread epidemic in which the workplace could play a leading preventive and supportive role. All 159 delegates from 110 companies attending a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:448 (abstract no. W.D.4240)
Bergamini F, Del Corno G, Giannelli F, Rastrelli M, Suprani A, Pilato T; University of Milan, Italy
So far the only available preventive measures for AIDS rely upon health information and education programs. For this purpose a survey on the HIV - related knowledge was carried out among 11,000 military recruits on duty at the 3 (o) Corpo d Armata , before and after an education program. Relevant in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:447 (abstract no. W.D.4239)
Apeagyei F, Mugrditchian D, Romocki L, Mamah I, Ardy-Kotei M, Osei M, Weir S; Ghana Armed Forces, Accra, Ghana
To reach men with effective sexual health programming for AIDS prevention. The Ghana Armed Forces (GAF) has designed and implemented a comprehensive AIDS/STD prevention program for all its soldiers to reduce the spread of AIDS and other STDS. A KAP survey of 800 soldiers and focus group discussions
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:447 (abstract no. W.D.4238)
Buscroft S, Baker CJ, Morris R, Re O, Zeljkovic S, Perez M; County of Los Angeles/Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA USA
To survey the history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) in detained minors as an indicator of high risk sexual activity, to assist in the implementation of AIDS risk reduction programs. Minors in Los Angeles Juvenile Halls who received AIDS counseling were interviewed by Health Educators using
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:447 (abstract no. W.D.4237)
Greco D, de Paiva J, Pinto J, Adams I, Ottoni Z, Ude W, Ruff A, Halsey N; Federal Univ. of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
To define the HIV-1 seroprevalence among street youths. From July 1989 through December 1990, youth arriving at a state detention center who agreed to participate were randomly assigned to a psychosocial interview or medical history, examination and HIV serology. Three hundred twenty-seven (
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:447 (abstract no. W.D.4236)
Martin L, Granados A, Miranda M; Ministerio de Justicia, Madrid
To find out the risk factors which determine the HIV infection, in order to prevent it. A cross-sectional study has been carried out throughout Spanish prisons, except in Catalonia region. All prisoners who agreed voluntarily to take part in The Program for the Intravenously Transmission Diseases in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:446 (abstract no. W.D.4235)
Hernandez V, Gagnon T; Bronx AIDS Services, Bronx, N.Y
Provide current and accurate HIV/AIDS information regarding transmission, infection, exposure, attitudes, behaviors, and prevention to state prison inmates (females and males, respectively) taking into account learning abilities; diverse cultural (language and customs) and socio-economic background; and cost
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:446 (abstract no. W.D.4234)
Scheib R, McGowan K, Sager S, Florman J, Bradley O, DesRoche A, Morgan B, Gagnon T, Power M; Lemuel Shattuck Hospital, Dept. of Public Health, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
To evaluate follow up and specific healthcare needs in individuals with symptomatic HIV Disease/AIDS released from correctional facilities to the community. Comprehensive chart review of individuals with symptomatic HIV Disease (t4 less than 500, thrush ) or AIDS during the years Jan. 1989-Dec. 1990
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:446 (abstract no. W.D.4233)
Joliffe D, Brettle RP, Leen CL; Her Majesty's Prison, Saughton, Edinburgh
Most interest has been on transmission of HIV in prison but a New York State study showed that inmates with PCP arrived at hospital in a worse state than community patients and fewer were on zidovudine treatment. A specific HIV medical service for the local prison was developed to encourage HIV positive indi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:446 (abstract no. W.D.4232)
Emmanuelli X, Chieze F, Raffin R, Lemaire M-H, Colin M, Gentilini M; Maison d'Arrg\et Fleury Merogis, France
OBJECTIVE. The objective of the Programme is to propose systematically a test to all prisoners and to take care clinically, biologically, and psychologically of those infected by H.I.V. or suffering from AIDS, including medical follow-up when they come out, in Fleury Merogis, where the largest prison in Europe is locat
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:445 (abstract no. W.D.4231)
Verbeke R, Fransen L; European Economic Community (EEC), AIDS Control Programme for developing countries
Spreading a sensibilisation brochure on AIDS amongst secondary school pupils in order to have it read and discussed by their families. METHODOLOGY: 1. Elaboration of a sensibilisation brochure on AIDS inspired on the language principles used in the marketing/publicity area: personalized messages, extensive i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:445 (abstract no. W.D.4230)
Duale S, Vangu N, Bauge N, Duale L, Munkatu M; Projet SANRU, Kinshasa
To assess basic knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about AIDS in high school students in northeastern Zaire . Multiple choice questionnaires were administered anonymously to 1000 students from 4 schools in a rural health zone (Karawa, HIV-1 seroprevalence in pregnant women 3-4% 1989) and 4 in semi-urb
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:445 (abstract no. W.D.4229)
Auleb A, Auleb L, Hertz D, Matson H; San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States
To determine the extent to which, and how, HIV/AIDS education has been integrated into the general curricula of a university. All faculty members at San Francisco State University (1700) were sent questionnaires asking which classes they teach contain an HIV/AIDS component, how much time is allocate
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:445 (abstract no. W.D.4228)
Cesarani N, Borlone P, Citterio R, Agnoletto V, Tarocchi A; L.I.L.A. (Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro l'AIDS), Milano, Italia
This research was completed with a grant from the Ministry of health (Istituto Superiore di Sanita - progetto AIDS 1990 -Roma - Italia). The abstract limits its conclusions to the results of the first year of research in the school sector of the Lombardia region. To gather and evaluate data through the usage
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:444 (abstract no. W.D.4227)
Malliori M, Vaidakis N, Stefanis C; Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens, Greece
The main goal of this research designated by WHO - Global Programme on Aids was to collect information concerning patterns of sexual behaviour and the factors associated with them, as sexual contact has been shown to be the most common mode of transmission of HIV. A representative sample of 1980 Athe
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:444 (abstract no. W.D.4226)
Skelly RR, Rehberg P, Benenson M, Daniell FD; American Red Cross, Naples, Italy
An effective and coordinated HIV/AIDS health promotion (HP) initiative within the settings of overseas American worksites, schools and community groups utilizing: 1) a networking of activities between governmental and NGO groups; and 2) periodic surveys of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs to assess effective
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:444 (abstract no. W.D.4225)
Zimmerman RS, Langer LM, Starr R, Enzler N; Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
While there has been great emphasis on AIDS education, theories of behavior change, careful evaluation methods, and assessment of the social environment in which the educational programs are provided have been largely ignored. The current study involved a 4-hour AIDS education unit provided by the local Amer
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:444 (abstract no. W.D.4224)
Daily L, Holtzman D, Greene B, Ingraham G, Kolbe L; Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To determine the extent to which HIV education policies and practices are required by school districts in the United States . A national probability sample of U.S. public school districts was surveyed by mail in April and May 1990. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:443 (abstract no. W.D.4223)
George C, Adler-Moore J; Biology Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA., USA
To develop an upper division course in AIDS for science and non-science majors, familiarizing students with recent advances in AIDS research and its psychosocial impact. For 3 years, we have taught a 10 week, 40 hour upper division AIDS course to 60% science and 40% non-science majors. Topics covere
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:443 (abstract no. W.D.4222)
Bagarukayo H; African Medical & Research Foundation
To find out the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Primary School pupils that influence the spread of AIDS. 311 Primary School pupils (average age = 14) in Kabale district were randomly selected. Their knowledge, attitudes, practices related to AIDS were examined. 300/311 pup
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:443 (abstract no. W.D.4221)
O'Bryne D, Yao F, Kolbe L, Meyers A, Kolybine VA, Feek W, Chui J; HED, WHO/HQ
To discuss actions, needs and resources for implementing and improving school- and community-based health education to prevent HIV infection among youth. A work session will be held prior to the roundtable discussion for international and national program leaders who have responsibility for improvin
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:443 (abstract no. W.D.4220)
Erbstein S, Schenker I, Greenblatt C; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
12 training courses for teachers in five countries: El-Salvador, Guatemala , Costa Rica , Honduras and Peru were conducted by Israeli experts January 1989 - July 1990, in collaboration with local
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:442 (abstract no. W.D.4219)
Urbaneja A, Urcelay A, Urturi M, Zubia I, Elizalde B, Zulaica D; The AIDS Prevention and Control Plan of The Basque Health Service. San Sebastian. Spain
To stimulate the development of attitudes and behaviour amongst adolescents in the Basque Country (16-20 years old) which will prevent the spread of VIH and discrimination against those infected. The programme was based on the voluntary participation of both state and private secondary schools, hav
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:442 (abstract no. W.D.4218)
Schutte E, Oswald H; Freie Universitat Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
To evaluate an AIDS information campaign in West Berlin schools conducted by experts (medical doctors, biology teachers) who were especially trained as schoolworkers. The sample consists of 1105 students aged twelve to eighteen years and is representative of the students of West Berlin. A questionna
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:442 (abstract no. W.D.4217)
Casella P, Gattari P, Spizzichino L, Valenzi C; Drug Dependence Unit H S. Spirito, Rome
To determine knowledge, risk perception, risk prevention behavior concerning AIDS, willingness to treat people with HIV disease, and main sources of information about AIDS among 132 nursing students in a hospital in Rome. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used. The students a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:442 (abstract no. W.D.4216)
Erlicher P, Bertolini M, Ambrisi MA, Ferrari T; University of Milan, II Cattedra di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Monza, Italy
The AA. evaluate how children with HIV infection attend the State Schools, which means to take into account how parents on one side and children on the other manage the problem of separating and fitting in social environment. They have considered 30 children belonging to class P2 of CDC; 9 of them a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:441 (abstract no. W.D.4215)
Hemme A, Knorr B, Ohm G, Schwarz G, Stahl C, Thelen H, Wagner W; Program: "Aids and Children"; Arbeitskreis zur Forderung von Pflegekindern e.V., Berlin, FRG
Fears of a horizontally HIV transmitted infection through means other than those currently given credence are widespread and the object of many AIDS antidiscrimination campaigns targeted at adult populations. The problems of HIV-infected children have been practically shut out of these actions, while theoretical risks
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:441 (abstract no. W.D.4214)
Echeverria J, Aristegui J, Barez F, Gutierrez C, Urturi M, Delgado A, Zulaica D; Osakidetza
1. - Non traumatic school integration of HIV (+) children. 2. - Training of teachers dealing with HIV (+) children. Development of a Pediatric AIDS Committee. Periodical individual and joint meetings with all schools involved in the teaching of infected children. To assess the results after some tim
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:441 (abstract no. W.D.4213)
Zecca Mansueto G, Moroni P; Institute of Psychology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
In July 1989, we started a psychological support programme for HIV haemophilic patients, the purpose being to elaborate psychological support instruments for increasing the haemophiliacs coping abilities in view of their new HIV+condition. 31 haemophiliacs, aged 8 to 59 (10 under 18, and 21 over) we
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:441 (abstract no. W.D.4212)
Reisbeck G, Hutner G, Oliveri G, Seidl O, Ermann M; Psychiatric Hospital of Munich University, Munich, Germany
Social support is seen as an important factor in coping with life-threatening disease. The study reported here analyses the social support networks and strategies of HIV-infected homosexual men in order to evaluate individual and collective benefits for persons with HIV. 50 HIV-infected homosexuals
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:440 (abstract no. W.D.4211)
Funesti J, Rothenberg S, Zozula R, McAuliffe V; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
To determine the incidence of sleep disorders in asymptomatic, seropositive persons. A brief sleep questionnaire was given to 68 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive (HIV+) individuals enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with AZT . Data was collected concerning major sleep episode
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:440 (abstract no. W.D.4210)
Kemeny ME, Duran RE, Weiner H, Taylor SE, Visscher B, Fahey JL; University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
To determine 1) if immune changes relevant to progression to AIDS occur in HIV seropositive men following the death of their partner, and 2) if depressed mood is associated with these immune changes. HIV seronegative men were studied for comparison purposes. 40 subjects whose intimate partners had d
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:440 (abstract no. W.D.4209)
Summerbell C, Gazzard B, Catalan J; Westminster Hospital, London, England
To describe and compare the nutritional knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of male HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative homosexuals. Individuals were randomly recruited over an 8 week period from the outpatient clinic to fill in a self-administered questionnaire. The patients were stratifi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:440 (abstract no. W.D.4208)
Morasso G, Borreani C, Banchero B, Alberisio A, Santi L; National Cancer Institute of Genoa - Italy
Evaluate how socio-anagraphical variables, organizational and personality factors, kind of work and kind of patients influence working stress levels. Our aim is to evaluate the role of variable patient care in determining distress in health care workers in contact with dying AIDS and cancer patients and if t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:439 (abstract no. W.D.4206)
Ramsay JD; Western Sydney Area Health Service, Westmead, Australia
Presentation constitutes part of a larger analysis tracing evolution of community based response to HIV/AIDS in a service disadvantaged, semi-rural, dormitory population of 70,000. The area covers in excess of 1400 square kilometres, comprising 26 townships dispersed over lineal development greater than 100
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:439 (abstract no. W.D.4205)
Beerlage I, Kleiber D; Sozialpaedagogisches Institut Berlin, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
Points out the limitations in the administrative epidemiology as well as in the clinical-oriented coping-research concerning HIV-infected IVDU. Argues for an urgent change in the scientific orientations toward an outreach approach, which allows to document levels of need for social services in different scen
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:439 (abstract no. W.D.4204)
Hengelein H; Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe, Berlin, Germany
The German AIDS Help (DAH), in its function as the umbrella organisation of the regional AIDS service organisation, offers approximately 300 workshops and seminars, each lasting 2 to 3 days, throughout the Federal Republic of Germany every year; about 60 of them are carried out by/for people with AIDS and HIV. This wor
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:438 (abstract no. W.D.4203)
Hadden B, Gilbert L, Muska S, Gray O, Gordon K, Ivanoff A, El-Bassel N, Schilling R; Columbia University, New York City
To test the feasibility of a group intervention designed to help methadone maintained men and women avoid relapse and HIV risk behavior. Led by two leaders, each conducting a same-sex group, 12 two-hour sessions were conducted twice weekly with 7 males and 7 females, randomly selected. Through mode
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:438 (abstract no. W.D.4202)
Zulaica D, Menoyo C, Zubia I, Urcelay A, Linaza I, Elizalde B; The AIDS Prevention and Control Plan of the Basque Health Service, San Sebastian. Spain
To evaluate the efficiency of the Anti-AIDS Kit (syringe, condom, plastic container for the disposal of the syringe, tissue wipe soaked in alcohol, and an information leaflet), one year after the setting up of an AIDS prevention programme for intravenous drug addicts, based on the collaboration of chemists.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:438 (abstract no. W.D.4201)
Daniel T, Lupo P, Vardinon N, Yust I, Burke M; Department of Social Work, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel
To study the nature and degree of support for HIV1-seropositive patients by their seronegative sexual - either homosexual or heterosexual - partners. Sixteen HIV1-seropositive symptomatic male patients who had one principal sexual partner, who was seronegative were selected, during a one year period
Self-Help groups have been organised by Associazione Solidarieta AIDS (ASA) since 1987; this paper is based on their experience. Groups meet once a week for a two-hour session and are made up of homosexuals or heterosexuals all of whom are HIV+ or have been diagnosed with AIDS. The first aim of the group is to build a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:437 (abstract no. W.D.4199)
O'Connor BB; University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Folklore/Folklife
Pilot project to identify PWA use of alternative/complementary therapies in Philadelphia; to describe how PWAs discover, use and evaluate such therapies. Bi-weekly participant-observation (4 months) in healing workshops & alternative therapy discussion groups at a local grassroots PWA support org
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:437 (abstract no. W.D.4198)
Visco Comandini V, Girardi E, Puro V, Visco G; Istituto di studi sulle Regioni-CNR, Rome, Italy
Cost estimation of care of patients with AIDS (PWA); analysis of economic impact of costs on organizational issues (outpatient versus inpatient care). A sample of 77 PWA treated in a public hospital (1985-88) was studied. Costs were estimated: from the top (budget and financial data, internal admist
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:437 (abstract no. W.D.4197)
Anderson WH, O'Connor B, Schwartz S, MacGregor RR; University of Pennsylvania
To identify recourse to alternative or complementary therapies among HIV+ patients who continue to attend medical clinics in the Philadelphia area. Demographic and behavioral information was obtained from standard, self-administered anonymous questionnaires distributed at four medical clinics in the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:437 (abstract no. W.D.4196)
Lenya R, Awuor L; Tapwak - Nairobi, Kenya
To examine how people with HIV and AIDS can effectively be involved in governmental organs in policy making against AIDS in Kenya . Participation of PWAs in Ministry of Health KNACP at the IEC sub committee, to 1) Plan centres of information, 2) Prevention approaches and 3) Cultural and inbuilt triba
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:436 (abstract no. W.D.4195)
Beylot J, LaCoste D, Benezech M, Rager P; Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital Center, Bordeaux
Establish the position of HIV-positivity since 1985 at the Bordeaux-Gradignan prison and describe the modalities of the health care administered to HIV+ prisoners. Statistical data are collected by SMPR since 1985. A medical consultation is provided weekly at the prison since October 1987 by a Hospi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:436 (abstract no. W.D.4194)
Zeljkovic S, Huscroft S, Baker CJ, Re O, Morris R, Aquino K; County of Los Angeles/Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA USA
To survey drug abuse behavior prior to incarceration as it relates to the risk of HIV acquisition in order to assist with AIDS risk reduction programs. Minors detained within the Los Angeles Juvenile Halls and who had received in-house AIDS counseling were interviewed by certified Health Educators
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:436 (abstract no. W.D.4193)
Kern JM, Croy BB; Crosby, Heafey, Roach & May; San Francisco, CA, USA
To analyze trends in AIDS litigation against physicians, hospitals, blood centers since 1984, and to identify resulting defense strategies. Actual trial of legal actions (1984-1990) against healthcare providers; analysis of trial and appellate court decisions, state/federal legislation, recommendati
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:436 (abstract no. W.D.4192)
Guidetti E, Gnarini R, Giuliani M, Gigantesco A, Cartia M, Soscia M, Concia E; Ospedale "D. Cotugno" Naples
The AA. have aimed at studying the socio-psychological problems underlying the burn-out syndrome that affects the medical and paramedical staff working in AIDS wards. The research has been organized with the collaboration of four working groups (Naples, Rome, Verona and Siracusa) formed by doctors a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:435 (abstract no. W.D.4191)
de Bertolini C, Lazzaretto M, Pantano M, Riolo R; Pellegrino L. Department of Psychiatry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
The care of the HIV patients has many psychological implications, and obliges the health care workers to use defensive mechanisms that may, in some occasions, damage the therapeutic relationship. Often, such complicated psychological situation leads the medical and nursing staff to the burn-out syndrome. With the goal
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:435 (abstract no. W.D.4190)
Ancona L, Di Giannantonio M, Mattioni T, Lestingi L, Favetta S, Marasca G, Fantoni M; Istituto d Psichiatria e Psicologia, Roma, Italy
The aim of our research is to make a diagnosis, either qualitative and quantitative and to establish a global evaluation of Burn Out Syndrome (BOS) among health care personnel in touch with AIDS patients. We tested a random sample of 85 health care workers from Territorial Services and General Hospit
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:435 (abstract no. W.D.4189)
Dinoi R, Brettler D; New England Hemophilia Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
To describe the process in which a comprehensive hemophilia treatment team uses psychological consultation as a group, to reduce staff burnout. Background: The impact of HIV has a unique effect upon the hemophilic patient and his treatment provider. Patients were infected as a result of their medical treatme
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:435 (abstract no. W.D.4188)
Vieira MA, Kritski AL, Werneck E, Janini MC, Carvalho CE, Oliveira JR, Carreira MN, Marques MJ, Lucarevischi BR, Barroso PF, et al; Nucleo de Pesquisa em Tuberculose e Doencas Associadas-Instituto de Tisiologia e Pneumologia - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
To obtain baseline data on TB associated to HIV/AIDS related to KAP of physicians from Health Services. Twenty two physicians (Group A) from PHS, 21 (Group B) from a Chest Hospital and 23 (Group C) from an Infectious Diseases Department, answered an anonymous, voluntary and self-administered questio
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:434 (abstract no. W.D.4187)
Gershon R, Curbow B, Vlahov D, Celentano DD, Saah AJ; Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
To characterize predictors of compliance with Universal Precautions (UP) among hospital-based health care workers. Employees of two urban hospitals were mailed a confidential, self-administered questionnaire. The outcome measure was self-reported UP. Other variables were knowledge, perception of ris
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:434 (abstract no. W.D.4186)
Singh S, Irshad M, Shrivastava AK, Rattan A; Dept. of Microbiology, New Delhi 110029, India
Much has been published on occupational HIV and Hepatitis B virus infections through needle pricks, peroperative injuries, blood splashes etc.; there is no documentation of the occupational risks through the blood contamination of lab slips and sample containers. METHODS & 4100 laboratory requi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:434 (abstract no. W.D.4185)
Kotilainen HR, Cyr WH, Truscott W, Gantz NM, Lytle CD; Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockille, MD USA
To determine whether the official FDA 1000 ml water leak test for medical gloves can detect defects which might allow virus leakage. Four brands of latex surgical gloves were tested. To increase the number of leaks in some of the test gloves, we punctured some of the index, middle, and ring fingers
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:434 (abstract no. W.D.4184)
Tokars JI, Marcus R, Culver DH, McKibben PS, Bell DM; Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group. CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
To describe patterns of zidovudine ( AZT ) use and risk of HIV infection in health-care workers (HCWs) after exposure to HIV-infected blood. CDC began prospective surveillance of HCWs in Aug. 1983; in Oct. 1988, the project was expanded to collect data on AZT use and toxicity. From Aug.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:433 (abstract no. W.D.4183)
Kelen Gabor D, Chan DW, Green GB, Sivertson KT, Quinn TC; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
To determine the seroprevalence, epidemiologic features, and potential risk of nosocomial transmission to health care workers (HCWs) of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-I/II in an inner-city emergency department (ED). Excess sera from 2544 consecutive adult patients presenting to an inner-city emergency depa
To describe the safety and tolerance of zidovudine (ZDV) post exposure prophylaxis in Canadian health care workers. Since May 1989, 37 HIV exposed health care workers were administered ZDV. The dose recommended was 200 mg p.o. every 4 hours (1200mg/day) for 42 days. There were 14 men and 23
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:433 (abstract no. W.D.4181)
Roy E, Robillard P; Centre for AIDS Studies, Hopital general de Montreal, Canada
To determine if occupational HIV risk should be considered in the application of a provision of the Occupational Health and Safety Act of Quebec concerned with the reassignment of pregnant workers. A health planning approach was used accounting for 1) occupational risk of HIV infection (based on the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:433 (abstract no. W.D.4180)
Closen ML, Issacman SH; John Marshall Law School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
To survey public health concerns regarding HIV-infected health care professionals and health care professionals concerns regarding their legal rights. First, past and present infection control practices are reviewed. Second, the risks posed by infected HCPs are analyzed. Consideration is given to ris
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:432 (abstract no. W.D.4179)
Blattner WA, Reitz M, Mann D, Robert-Guroff M, Matthews T, Bolognasi D, Waters D; NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
Evaluate over a 5 year period changes in viral sequence, immunologic status, and response following accidental laboratory-acquired HTLV-IIIB infection. Serial virus isolates were cloned and full-length sequenced (1985, 1987, 1990). T-cell subsets were measured by FACS and class-specific antibody (Ab)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:432 (abstract no. W.D.4178)
Metler R, Ciesielski C, Marcus R, Berkelman R; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To describe occupational exposures in the United States which have resulted in transmission of HIV. We examined reports through 12/31/90 of occupationally acquired HIV infection in (a) U.S. AIDS cases reported to CDC; (b) CDC prospective evaluation of health care workers (HCWs) exposed to patients i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:432 (abstract no. W.D.4177)
De Gennaro M, Angarano G, Congedo P, Lo Caputo S, Maggi P, Carbonara S, Pastore G; Clinic of Infectious Diseases - University of Bari - Italy
To demonstrate that risk of contact with surely or possibly infected blood or body fluids can involve non-health care workers. Such risk appears high for dustmen when they sweep or gather syringes, and for policemen who get in touch with drugs addicts during body searches, fights or first aid missions. METHO
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:432 (abstract no. W.D.4176)
Bailey M; Save the Children Fund, London, United Kingdom
To help managers to prioritise infection control measures so that attention is directed to those at greatest risk and to help developing country health workers to recognise, understand and control their own occupational infection risks. Observation and review of infection risk and risk control in dev
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:431 (abstract no. W.D.4175)
Sanchez-Anguiano A, Garcia ML, Valdespino JL, Herrera C, Sepulveda J; General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health Mexico
To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of health employees who are professionally exposed to HIV-1 infection and who have risky practices at work. For this cross-sectional study, 2100 employees from two large Mexico City hospitals volunteered to be included in the study. A case-control design
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:431 (abstract no. W.D.4174)
Abiteboul D, Fourrier A, Azoulay S, Pelletier A, Louet M, Marande J, Bouvet E, Brucker G, Descamps JM, Pernet M, et al; Occupational health department APHP, Paris, France
1) to identify devices and procedures at risk; 2) to assess the compliance of health care workers (HCW) with safety policies, and the reporting rate of blood exposures to occupational health physicians (OHP); 3) to estimate the risk of HIV transmission among exposed HCWs. In APHP (45 hospitals, 500
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:431 (abstract no. W.D.4173)
Bouvet E, Abiteboul D, Fourrier A, Brucker G, Leprince A, Pernet M, Descamps JM; Geres - Paris - France
An active ongoing study have been conducted in 1990 among 518 nurses from 9 intensive care units (ICU) and 20 medical departments (MD): 1 - to estimate the annual incidence of exposures to blood 2 - to describe responsible mecanisms, devices and procedures 3 - and to evaluate compliance to universal precaut
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:431 (abstract no. W.D.4172)
Di Vito G, Rizzo F, Poli A, Guida B, Cassola G, Morandi N, Icardi GC; S. Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
Evaluation of the surveillance program on medical staff, in two General Hospitals ( S. Martino and Galliera ), following casual workplace exposure to blood and other infectious body substances from anti-HIV positive subjects. Management of health care workers (HCW) included, in addition to the immed
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:430 (abstract no. W.D.4171)
Perna MC, Bragonzi G, Rigotti A, Bosio M, Ronchin M, Galli M, Arbosti G; Health Direction, L.Sacco Hospital, CEMOC USSL 75/VI, Milan, Italy
To describe the variation in risk of parenteral and muco-cutaneous exposure (R) in the staff of an Infectious Diseases Unit from 1981 to 1990. L.Sacco Hospital Infectious Diseases Departments admitted since 1984 more than 1000 cases of AIDS. Reports of parenteral and muco-cutaneous exposures among s
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:430 (abstract no. W.D.4170)
Carwein V, Berry D; College of Health Sciences, University of NV, Las Vegas, NV, USA
1) To identify methods and reasons for providing AIDS education to employees of rural hospitals and surrounding communities in the western United States . 2) To evaluate satisfaction with and effectiveness of current educational programs and reasons for success or failure of programs. A 16 item sur
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:430 (abstract no. W.D.4169)
Santana RT, Monzon O, Hearst N, Mandel J, Hall T; The Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Metro Manila, Philippines
To improve AIDS-related practices of HCWs through an intervention targeting knowledge, attitudes and infection control (IC) practices (KAP). In a randomized controlled intervention study with pre-/post-intervention measures, physicians, nurses, orderlies and medical technologists were stratified acc
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:430 (abstract no. W.D.4168)
Elford J, Bor R, Cockcroft A; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
To organize and evaluate a course which allowed undergraduate medical students to explore some of their preconceptions and anxieties about managing patients with HIV/AIDS. Intensive work with one group of 12 students, 3-6 hours a week over 8 weeks, as part of a course in sociology and epidemiology.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:429 (abstract no. W.D.4167)
Byahuka E; Nurse Coordinator, Aids Control Program, Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda
INTRODUCTION: NAAMARA, BYANGIRE, DUGGAN, RUSHOTA. The nursing profession has traditionally prepared nurses for provision of quality care to individuals, families and the community. AIDS can be the opportunity for nurses to recommit themselves to wholistic health care with the patient in the centre. Hither to has there
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:429 (abstract no. W.D.4166)
Kempainnen J, St Lawrence JS, Irizarry A, Weidema DR, Benne C, Fredericks CD, Wilson M; VA Medical Center, Jackson MS
The study evaluated whether staff nurses in hospitals with high-, moderate-, and low-AIDS patient admissions differed in their willingness to perform nursing tasks for AIDS patients. 580 nurses from V.A. hospitals with high (N=188), moderate (N=184), and low (N=197) AIDS patient admissions read a vig
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:429 (abstract no. W.D.4165)
Rodrigues LG, Vechi DP, Moreira MD; Center for Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
To determine wheter health professionals avoid or discriminat IV/AIDS patients and which factors may be responsible for it. 21.6% (71/328) of 328 health professionals interviewed at the Hospital responded to a survey measuring knowledge on transmission, prevention and infection control practices. In
To determine knowledge, attitude and infection control practice of dentists on AIDS and the care for AIDS and HIV positive persons. METHODOLOGY: Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to the dentists whom were selected by using simple random sampling techniques from the list of dentists in Bangkok. Th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:428 (abstract no. W.D.4163)
Bertazzoli R, Reingold A, Guerbert B, Bellucci S; Centro Corsini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
To ascertain dentists attitudes, knowledge and behavior regarding AIDS and infection control. A questionnaire was mailed to 399 dentists. Subjects were selected randomly from the rosters of dentists (N=1197) in Campinas city and were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding their knowledge about
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:428 (abstract no. W.D.4162)
Cottone JA, Dove SB, Marianos DW, Gooch BF; University of Texas Health Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
Collect initial international HIV knowledge/attitudes and infection control (IC) practices data for dentistry. 99 surveys representing 28 countries were completed at HIV/IC programs at the 1990 FDI World Dental Congress in Singapore . Frequency distributions were calculated. Country comparisons were
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:428 (abstract no. W.D.4161)
Wilson V, Mooteeram L, Gayle C, Hull B; Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, Port of Spain, Trinidad, WI
To assess safety management, knowledge and compliance among laboratory workers in the English-speaking Caribbean, with regard to adoption of Universal Precautions Policy (UPP). Laboratory workers were surveyed via an anonymous, self-administered, pre-coded questionnaire. Management and Polic
The high prevalence of TB disease in AIDS patients prompted us to evaluate the relative risk of TB infection and disease among HW of our hospital AIDS service in order to evaluate the need of specific prophylaxis and surveillance schedule. 11 AIDS service HW (group A) and 102 HW of other divisions
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:427 (abstract no. W.D.4159)
Rinaldi R, Henning J; American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, USA
To determine the extent to which family/general practitioners, internists, obstetricians/gynecologists, and pediatricians practice a variety of HIV prevention and treatment activities. 15,000 primary care physicians will be selected from the AMA computer masterfile. This survey will be completed by
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:427 (abstract no. W.D.4158)
Lauria LM, Vieira MA, Werneck E, Janini MC, Carvalho CE, Oliveira JR, Carreira MN, Marques MJ, Lucarevschi BR, Kritski AL, et al; Programa de Controle da AIDS - Secretaria Municipal de Saude do Rio de Janeiro
To assess the KAP among HCWs employed by Public Health Services in order to set up an AIDS training program. A self-administered, voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was answered by physicians (PPHS), n=22, and nurses (NPHS), n=8, from Primary Health Services and by physicians (PH), n=44, and nurs
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:427 (abstract no. W.D.4157)
Roumeliotou A, Kornarou E, Papaevangelou V, Spiropoulou P, Ktenas E, Stergiou G, Papaevangelou G; WHO National Centre for AIDS, Athens School of Hygiene, Athens, Greece
To improve educational programmes directed to health care workers we investigated their knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to AIDS. An anonymous self completed questionnaire was distributed to 609 health care workers. Of them 59.6% accepted to participate (42.4% of the medical doctors, 7
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:427 (abstract no. W.D.4156)
Sullivan C, Campbell S, Henry K; St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, St. Paul, MN USA
In 1989-1990, the results of several large HIV-related studies have led to rapid changes in the standard of care for HIV/AIDS patients. We determined how widely the current recommendations concerning the use of zidovudine, PCP prophylaxis, and the natural history of HIV/AIDS infection have been assimilated b
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:426 (abstract no. W.D.4155)
Lapierre S, Jourdan-Ionescu C; Universite du Quebec a Trois-Riveeres
The goal of this research was to elaborate and evaluate a program designed to improve the quality of care that nursing students will provide to AIDS patients. This program was created to change the negative attitudes of health care workers who reject AIDS patients because of a fear of the illness. O
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:426 (abstract no. W.D.4154)
Hyland R, McIvor RA, Rachlis A, Bonner M, Varga R, Berger P, Chan CK; The Wellesley & Sunnybrook Hospitals, Toronto Central AP Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
To quantify the amount of pentamidine (P) dissipated from an aerosolized pentamidine (AP) clinic throughout an 8-storey medical building and to extrapolate the degree of second-hand exposure of individual health care workers (HCW) in different areas. Ambient air samples for P at various locations th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:426 (abstract no. W.D.4153)
Guerra I, Agud J, Ayensa C, D de Otazu R, Viguri A, Busteros J, Aldamiz M; Txagorritxu Hospital. Osakidetza. Vitoria. Spain
Postmortem multiple percutaneous biopsies can be a valuable alternative to autopsies, to find out clinically unsuspected diseases and minimize occupational risk. Twenty AIDS patients were studied. Multiple punctures of thorax, abdomen and iliac crest were carried out using a tru-cut needle, and a tr
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:426 (abstract no. W.D.4152)
Lot F, Laporte A, Bouvet E, Pinville H, Brunet JB; Ministry of health, Paris, France
To study the demographic and clinical characteristics of health care workers (HCW) with AIDS (HCW whose work may involve direct contact with blood and body fluids). Among 13145 AIDS cases reported up to December 1990. 8931 are in active life, 360 of whom are classified as HCW. Sex ratio, age, transm
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:425 (abstract no. W.D.4151)
Puro V, Ippolito G; Coordinating Centre: AIDS Unit at L. Spallanzani Hospital Rome
To evaluate tolerability and toxicity of Zidovudine ( AZT ) prophylaxis after occupational exposures to HIV in health care workers (HCW). Since March 13, 1990 the Italian Ministry of Health authorized the use of AZT for HIV exposed HCW. A network was established to collect details of the exposure, t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:425 (abstract no. W.D.4150)
Strine PW, Martin LS, Mullan RJ; Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HIV Activity, Atlanta, GA
To characterize body fluid exposures in emergency first-responders in the normal course of their routine work duties in an attempt to determine what routine work functions provide the greatest chance of body fluid exposure to the worker. An estimated 508,000 U.S. fire and rescue, ambulance, and law/correctio
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:425 (abstract no. W.D.4149)
Korniewicz D, Kirwin M, Cresci K, Tian Sing S, Tay Eng Choo J, Wool M; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
This study was conducted to test differences in barrier protection between double and single examination gloves after use. Eight research assistants were randomly assigned to perform a standardized clinical protocol designed to mimic patient care activities while wearing single or double gloves. Fol
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:425 (abstract no. W.D.4148)
Cranfield S, Aldridge T, Woodward N; Drug Training Unit, LBTC: Training for Care, London
To develop and disseminate a model of specialised training on harm minimisation and risk reduction for staff groups working with injecting drug users. The Drug Training Unit, London, has been commissioned by the Health Education Authority (UK) to produce a modular training package on HIV/AIDS for st
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:424 (abstract no. W.D.4147)
Alexander R, Fitzpatrick J; Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA
To identify potential new variables influencing nurses attitudes toward AIDS patients and to further explore previously isolated relationships of concern. The sample consisted of 136 registered nurses working in a large midwestern research institution in the United States . A questionnaire solicit
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:424 (abstract no. W.D.4146)
Morris A, Thompson M; AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
To create a clinical research organization whereby HIV-infected patients in the metro Atlanta community have access to clinical trials within their primary care setting, whether private or public. To include patients traditionally left out of the clinical trial process: African Americans, Latinos, women and
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:424 (abstract no. W.D.4145)
Zimmermann E, Hausser D, Dubois-Arber F, Zeugin P; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Effectiveness of the Swiss STOP AIDS prevention strategy is mainly assessed by self-reported condom use during casual sex. Five consecutive waves of phone surveys have been conducted since early 1987 among representative samples of the 17 to 30 years old Swiss (N=1200). The last two waves also inclu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:424 (abstract no. W.D.4144)
Cunningham RM, Stiffman A, Earls F, Dore P; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
To identify predictors that would indicate the need for increased AIDS related preventive interventions. This study examines changes in AIDS risk behaviors and conversions to seropositivity among abused and nonabused young people. A stratified random sampling procedure selected 602 young adults from
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:423 (abstract no. W.D.4143)
Cotton D, Schnell D, Galavotti C, Beeker C, Higgins D, Berman SM; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To assess factors associated with condom use with main partners among women at high risk of HIV infection and perinatal transmission. Structured interviews were administered to 228 non-sterile, non-pregnant women attending drug treatment programs in the Bronx, Philadelphia, Florida, and New Jersey. W
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:423 (abstract no. W.D.4142)
Ajdukovic D, Ajdukovic M, Prislin R; University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Yugoslavia
To assess the relative contribution of some possible predictors of AIDS-related behavioral change. An elaborate questionnaire was administered anonymously to a stratified sample of young population in Croatia aged 15 - 30 (N=2655). Stepwise regression analyses were performed using self-reported chang
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:423 (abstract no. W.D.4141)
Vaidakis N, Malliori M, Stefanis C; Department of Psychiarty, University of Athens, Greece
The Global Programme on Aids of the World Health Organization prepared a research package to collect information concerning patterns of sexual behaviour and the factors associated with them, in different populations around the world. Athens was included as one of the participating cities. A structure
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:423 (abstract no. W.D.4140)
Hunter D, Maggwa N, Mati J, Garland M, Kihoro G, Mbugua S, Bhullar V, Tukei P, Achola P; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Assess associations between sexual behaviour, STD s and HIV among women not known to be in high-risk groups in Nairobi, Kenya . Between Nov. 1989 and Dec. 1990 3,363 women aged 15-49 at 2 urban family planning clinics were interviewed, examined, and offered screening for STD s including HIV by ELISA
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:422 (abstract no. W.D.4139)
Hart GJ, McClean J, Boulton M, Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R; University College & Middlesex School of Medicine, London
To investigate the extent to which a sample of gay men in England have begun, maintained or stopped safer sex behaviours over a one year period, and to study the reasons for unsafe sex. Men were recruited from community and clinic sources in 4 cities and interviewed regarding sexual behaviour in the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:422 (abstract no. W.D.4138)
Aral SO, Soskolne V; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To assess changes in number of sex partners, choice of partners, past STD history, and current sexually transmitted infection among men and women attending South Carolina STD clinics in 1985 and 1989. In April, 1985 and 1989, 904 and 909 sequential heterosexual men and women attending STD clinics in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:422 (abstract no. W.D.4137)
Corby N, Wolitski R, Thornton-Johnson S, Tanner W; Long Beach Department of Health & Human Services, Long Beach, CA, USA
To describe AIDS knowledge, attitudes, drug use, and sexual practices in a sample of female sex partners (FSPs) of male intravenous drug users (IVDUs). A total of 137 non-IVDU female sex partners were recruited for structured survey interviews. Most (57%) were Black; 23% were Latina, and 20% were Wh
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:422 (abstract no. W.D.4136)
Seitz ST; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
Model population dynamics linking NYC s HIV epidemics in its gay and IVDU communities. Basic demographic and epidemiological descriptions for two NYC socio-economic groupings were drawn from the U.S. Census, previously reported research, and other public sources. Based on these initial conditions, c
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:421 (abstract no. W.D.4135)
Boyer C, Shafer MA, Tschann J; University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
To evaluate the efficacy of an education and skills building intervention which was designed to: increase STD/AIDS knowledge; build decision-making, problem-solving and communication skills; and prevent or reduce risk behaviors. 513 racially diverse urban high school students (mean age = 14.2 years;
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:421 (abstract no. W.D.4134)
Martina RM, Palacios M, Ramirez O, Ramah M, Valdespino JL; General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health of Mexico
To obtain a description of behavioural patterns and relations established between homosexual men devoted to prostitution and their customers to design outlines to work out strategies to modify conducts which make the risk of VIH infection diminish. In September, 1990 nine focus groups were organized
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:421 (abstract no. W.D.4133)
Middelthon AL, Prieur A; National AIDS Control Programme, Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
In 6 Norwegian towns, both injecting and noninjecting drug-users (DUs) have been mobilized to carry out HIV-preventive work among peers in their subculture. The DUs have been trained through seminars and workshops. Different methods have been used in evaluating the sub-projects; repeated indepth int
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:421 (abstract no. W.D.4132)
McBride D, McCoy C, Inciardi J, Chitwood D; Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI, USA
The purpose of this analysis was to examine the distribution of the perception of risk for HIV infection as well as the correlates and implication of that perception among over 22,000 Intravenous Drug Users in 50 cities in the United States . In a national research program coordinated by the Nationa
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:420 (abstract no. W.D.4131)
Herasme L, Pareja R, Bello A;
To find out the most frequently posed arguments by clients of female sex workers (f.s.w.) to refuse use of condom. Likewise, to find out f.s.w. s counter-arguments and actions that have convinced them to use it, and determine what will be the best way to make this information widely available to f.s.w. METH
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:420 (abstract no. W.D.4130)
Higgins DL, O'Reilly KR, Sheridan J, Galavotti C, Schnell D, Beeker C; The CDC HIV Prevention Community Demonstration Projects
To examine the effect of perceived self-efficacy (SE) (belief in one s ability to change) on stages of readiness (SR) to cease engaging in unprotected receptive anal intercourse (RAI) among seronegative homosexual men. We administered a questionnaire to 1367 homosexual men who were seronegative when
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:420 (abstract no. W.D.4129)
Ramirez O, Palacios M, Martina RM, Luna M, Ramah M, Valdespino JL, Sepulveda JA; General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health of Mexico
To design an extensive educational participation plan based on the needs and information directly obtained from the analysis of the MODUS VIVENDI from a subgroup of homosexual prostitutes who work in Mexico City. In July and August 1990, the focus group techniques and in-depth interviews were applie
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:420 (abstract no. W.D.4128)
Bromberg J, Grijalva K, Skurnick J, Cordell J, Wan J, Cornell R, Louria D; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
To compare psychologic characteristics of discordant couples where the female partner is HIV+ (F+) to those where the male partner is HIV+ (M+). HIV-discordant heterosexual couples in ongoing sexual relationships are being recruited from NJ HIV test sites and infectious disease clinics and practices
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:419 (abstract no. W.D.4127)
Dolcini MM, Coates T, Catania J, Kegeles S, Fullilove M, Hulley S; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco, USA
We examined predictors of perceived susceptibility to AIDS among unmarried sexually active heterosexuals (n=854). The AIDS in Multiethnic Neighborhoods (AMEN) study is a household probability sample of unmarried white, black, and Hispanic individuals aged 18-44 residing in S. F. Perceived su
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:419 (abstract no. W.D.4126)
Ku L, Sonenstein F, Pleck J; The Urban Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
This paper analyzes the association of the receipt of AIDS education (formal instruction about AIDS, mostly in schools) with the number of partners, frequency of intercourse and condom use for a national sample of teenage men. The 1988 National Survey of Adolescent Males conducted in-person intervie
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:419 (abstract no. W.D.4125)
Ferreros C, Wisemen J, Barry S; Population Services International (PSI)
To review the existence and type of legislation in Africa, Asia and Latin America relating to condom social marketing, and to evaluate its impact on the establishment and success of such programs. A sample of countries, both having and not having condom social marketing programs, were surveyed as to
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:419 (abstract no. W.D.4124)
von Konsksy BR; Hewlett-Packard, Santa Clara, California, USA
A simple computer model for use by health care workers, educators, public health planners and epidemiologists, which demonstrates the importance of practicing safe sex, is described. Users of the model estimate the average percentage of time the population practices safe sex, resulting in a computer generated plot of t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:418 (abstract no. W.D.4123)
Ruppenthal B, Martindale CJ, Cole VJ, Flahive M, Flinders R, Freeman EM, Cohn DL; RISE Institute, Davies Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
To investigate high-risk sexual practices and substance abuse behaviors before and after participation in group, individual support, and educational programs. From a longitudinal cohort of gay men, three group programs were explored: RISE, a ten-week program for self-stewardship using attention trai
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:418 (abstract no. W.D.4122)
Cordova R, Norwood C; Bronx Community College, Bronx, N.Y. USA
Health Force: Women Against AIDS (HF) of BCC trains and fields women AIDS peer educators. The HF target area, the So. Bronx, the poorest district of NYC, is predominately Hispanic. Latina women have the city s highest HIV rate. To meet the desperate need for AIDS prevention and support, a group training pre
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:418 (abstract no. W.D.4121)
Landers SJ, Barker TA, Keefe CL, Gurland L, Harris JL; Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
To evaluate the effectiveness of a support and information group created to promote reduction of transmission related behavior among HIV infected individuals. All persons testing HIV Ab positive at Mass. anonymous and other sites are referred to a 3-session information and support Demographic and KA
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:418 (abstract no. W.D.4120)
Pierce N, Olander P, Beebe D, Spivak H, Auerbach J, Bath J, Mercure V, Williams K, Unger R; Dept. of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
To evaluate a state campaign encouraging institutions to promote safer sex practices and distribute condoms to persons at risk of contracting HIV. A combined direct mail, outreach and public information approach communicated strong endorsement by state government for the promotion of latex condoms t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:417 (abstract no. W.D.4119)
Heckmann W; Federal Health Office, AIDS-Center, Berlin/Federal Republic of Germany
To evaluate an innovative method of HIV/AIDS prevention in different fields. To discuss experiences and to recommend re-designing of preventive measures. In the face of AIDS many governmental and non-governmental agencies felt an urgent need for creative solutions. Outreach work seems to be one of t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:417 (abstract no. W.D.4118)
Makiu EJ, Kosia A, Mansaray N; Virus Reference Laboratory, Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa
To identify some socio-cultural and religious beliefs and practices that may threaten the AIDS prevention efforts and suggest possibilities of overcoming such threats. Discussions were held with certain groups in the society from which some of the socio-cultural and religious beliefs and practices th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:417 (abstract no. W.D.4117)
Gillette P, Sogolow ED, Wilets I, Friedmann P, Gruber K, Salamone A, Greene W; SUNY HSC-Brooklyn, NY, USA
To educate MDs, RNs, and MSWs for practice outcomes such that increased HIV prevention becomes part of routine primary care. Health care professionals (HCPs) participated in a one-day educational program that included didactic and experiential modules. Simulations, role plays, condom demonstrations,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:417 (abstract no. W.D.4116)
Salame E, Palacios M, Luna M, Gonzalez MG, Ramah M, Valdespino JL; General Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health Mexico
To identify the socio-demographic and attitude differences among homosexual and bisexual men in Mexico City between the ones who decided to attend and the ones who decided not to attend the educational interventions. 545 homosexual and bisexual men between 11 and 51 years old were invited, at street
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:416 (abstract no. W.D.4115)
Tross S, Abdul-Quader AS, Silvert HM, Rapkin B, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman S; Narcotic and Drug Research Inc, New York, USA
While 54% of a sample of NYC IVDU s continued to inject over a 4-month period, they showed widespread and dramatic decreases in frequency of needle sharing. This study assesses the frequency and determinants of needle sharing change in IVDU s in storefront HIV prevention program on the Lower East Side of Man
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:416 (abstract no. W.D.4114)
Bond L, Dominguez L, Guerrero E, Zacarias F, Rosario S; Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., USA
To determine whether the availability of condom information had any effect on condom use or condom breakage in selected hotel/motel rooms in the Dominican Republic . Eight hundred thirty one observations of condom fate were made in 5 hotel and 5 motel rooms in Santo Domingo, in which 2 free condoms
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:416 (abstract no. W.D.4113)
Middlestadt SE, Helquist M, Ramah M, Woods W, Renaud D, Hasbun J, de Moya A, Pareja R; AIDSCOM/Academy for Educational Development (AED), Washington, DC, USA
To identify potential benefits of interventions that seek to increase condom skill by examining correlates of condom skill. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a sample of 188 men who have sex with men from six cities in the Dominican Republic and a sample of 303 male clients of an STD cl
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:416 (abstract no. W.D.4112)
Bigelow C, McCusker J, Zorn M, Zapka J, Stoddard A, Lewis BF; School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
We examined the predictors of 6 month changes in risky drug and sex behaviors among 567 drug abusers randomized to three AIDS education programs at a 21-day inpatient drug detoxification program and rehabilitation facility. The potential predictors of HIV risk behavior changes were measured using in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:415 (abstract no. W.D.4111)
De Caso L, Hernandez-Avila M, Avila C, Rocha A, Gortmaker S, Sepulveda J; Ministry of Health, Mexico
To evaluate the effectiveness of safe-sex workshops in improving AIDS knowledge, developing safe sex attitudes, and modifying of risk perception regarding HIV infection. Using a pre and post test design, we evaluate the effectiveness of participation in a day-long workshop designed for gay populatio
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:415 (abstract no. W.D.4110)
Robertson A, Wright NP, King AJ, Petracek R; Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
A theoretically-based national AIDS/Sexuality educational program targeted at Grade 9 (14 year old) students was designed on the basis of the results of the Canada Youth and AIDS Study. The first phase of the evaluation of the program was designed to (1) determine the construct validity of the conceptual mod
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:415 (abstract no. W.D.4109)
Chambers AM, Gregory C, Helper J; American Red Cross, East Orange, NJ, USA
An outreach program was established to support female prostitutes in changing their high-risk sexual and drug-using behaviors. We took our prevention program to the streets, hotels, and general areas frequented by prostitutes. These regular sites were visited on a weekly basis. Red Cross trained out
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:415 (abstract no. W.D.4108)
Stover E, Eichler A; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Rockville, MD, USA
Efforts undertaken by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to develop effective strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of HIV among adolescents will be reviewed. The Federal role to strengthen ongoing research efforts and recommendations of HIV prevention experts will be reviewed. P
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:414 (abstract no. W.D.4107)
Ngugi EN, Njeru EK, Kariuki A, Plummer FA, Muchunga EK, Moses S; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
To develop and evaluate a model for promoting safer sex practices among women working as prostitutes in Kenya . An empirical model has been developed over the past 3 years consisting of the following elements: sensitization of decision makers; selection and training of local (district) health worker
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:414 (abstract no. W.D.4106)
Hernandez-Avila M, DeCaso L, Rocha A, Gortmaker S, Avila C, Mueller N, Sepulveda A; Ministry of Health, Mexico
To estimate changes in sexual behavior among a male homosexual/bisexual population who attended workshops promoting safe sex practices, and identify predictors of reduction in risky behavior. In a prospective design, seronegative at-risk males attended a safe sex workshop. A self-administrated quest
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:414 (abstract no. W.D.4105)
Szewczyk L, Goldie R; Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
It has been well documented that parents of ill children (chronic or acute) experience tremendous stress and loss, degrees of helplessness and loss of control. Parents of children with HIV infection or AIDS want to be considered team members with the medical and health care professionals in the care of their child. In
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:414 (abstract no. W.D.4104)
McCombie S, Bukombi S, Dupree JD; AIDSCOM, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
To monitor changes in AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and practices. Six hundred and twenty-three individuals from 5 organizations were selected at random and interviewed anonymously in March 1990. In November 1990, 476 individuals from 4 of the original sites and 3 new organizations were intervie
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:413 (abstract no. W.D.4103)
Boyd L, Bell D, Hook P, Cohen V, Sherer R; Cook County Hosp AIDS Prevention Svc (CCHAPS)
PURPOSE: To provide AIDS educated adolescents from inner city high schools with ongoing caregiving experience with hospitalized AIDS/HIV patients at a large urban hospital. 30 Adolescent AIDS Peer Educators (AAPEs) of color were recruited to volunteer their support to hospitalized AIDS/HIV patients. A questionn
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:413 (abstract no. W.D.4102)
Smith NL, Miller TE, Flowers JV, Booraem CD, Iversen A; AIDS Response Project, Garden Grove CA, USA
Multisession AIDS prevention programs have demonstrated follow-up as well as immediate results. The purpose of the present project was to similarly evaluate single-session programs. Such an analysis is needed, since single-session programs may be the more useful intervention, requiring less initial participa
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:413 (abstract no. W.D.4101)
Foldesy RG, Steiner M, Dominik R; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
There are conflicting reports on the frequency of condom breakage during vaginal intercourse. This ongoing study presents results on the breakage rates of new condoms provided by four different manufacturers. Condoms obtained within 7 months of production were tested in the laboratory for performanc
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:413 (abstract no. W.D.4100)
Leopold B, Steffan E; Sozialpaedagogisches Institut Berlin, Berlin, FRG
To evaluate and describe effective figurations of women specific working approaches in the sense of HIV-prevention. Main questions: Are low-threshold-offers especially for women a way to reach the hard to reach group of i.v. drug addicted prostitutes? Is it possible to develope new forms of preventiv working
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:412 (abstract no. W.D.4099)
Edelmann F, Mettetal JF, di Piro N, Chambon JF, Rainon PM; ARCAT-SIDA/CIVIS, Paris, France
To propose new approaches to the prevention of the sexual transmission of HIV. Compilation and analysis of the preventional/educational materials in Europe and the USA since the beginning of the epidemic. Comparison of statistical and epidemiological data. 1) The prevention of HIV infection
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:412 (abstract no. W.D.4098)
Tolbert K, Izazola JA, Townsend J, Freeman H, del Rio A, Yando R, Sepulveda J; The Population Council, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
To facilitate the selection and development of adequate models of behavior change in research and programs designed to modify risk of HIV and AIDS. Behavioral research regarding AIDS has been dominated by theoretical models which emphasize an internal assessment of risk (susceptibility based on part
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:412 (abstract no. W.D.4097)
Suarez y Toriello E, De la Rosa C, Welsh M, Weiss E; Federacion Mexicana de Asociaciones Privadas de Desarrollo Comunitario, Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mex
To develop, implement and evaluate a community-based intervention program of AIDS and STD prevention for commercial sex workers in Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico METHODOLOGY: The existence of a large commercial sex industry and the close proximity to the U.S. border were the criteria for the selection of the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:412 (abstract no. W.D.4096)
van der Veen F, Ndoye, Bastos R, Fransen L; European Economic Community, AIDS Control Programme for developing countries
AIDS Control interventions to reduce the sexual transmission and acquisition of HIV have been organised in the context of national STD Control Programmes and primary health care programmes. A blueprint to elaborate, monitor, implement, cost, finance and evaluate national STD/AIDS Control Programmes has been elaborated.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:411 (abstract no. W.D.4095)
Le Pont F, Valleron AJ; INSERM U263, Universite Paris 7, Paris, France
Several sexual behavior surveys in Europe have reported that around 20% of the heterosexual individuals have concurrent partnerships outside their steady partnership while others have partnerships strictly following each other in time (serial monogamy). Therefore, we have used computer simulation of HIV hete
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:411 (abstract no. W.D.4094)
Williams A; "Grandma's", London, England
To assess the needs of HIV affected children and design a volunteer service to meet these needs, with particular reference to enabling the child and its mother/family to stay together in the home environment for as long as possible. We consulted with a number of existing AIDS organisations and statu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:411 (abstract no. W.D.4093)
Denomme N, Fillion D, Fyke K, Page S, Clayton D, Bally G, Conway B, Garber G, Cameron DW; Ottawa General Hospital Regional Comprehensive Care AIDS Clinic, Ottawa, Canada
To measure the impact of an AIDS clinic established in 1988, and prophylaxis on disease specific mortality (DSM) in HIV infection. 68 deaths in 556 cases in 1986-90 were reviewed. Mortality, last CD4 T cell counts and DSM were compared. Fatal complications were classed as treatment responsive (TRC:
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:411 (abstract no. W.D.4092)
Bary M, Vittecoq D, Groffe S, Mettetal JF, Bach JF; Hopital Necker, Paris, France
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of out-patient treatment of PCP in AIDS. A prospective study started in June 1987 in order to assess the profile of adult HIV infected patients in whom PCP may be treated out of the hospital by an oral combination of sulfamethoxazol (6400mg/day) and trimethoprim (
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:410 (abstract no. W.D.4091)
Roy B, Squire L; Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA
To present findings of case studies conducted in 1991 of six Pediatric AIDS Demonstration Projects supported by the Bureau providing family-centered, community-based, comprehensive care to children with HIV infection and their families. (1) Pediatric AIDS Demonstration Projects successfully completi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:410 (abstract no. W.D.4090)
Lynn LJ, Katner HP, Amos PE, Beidas SO, Klekamp JW, Smith MU; Georgia College School of Nursing, Milledgeville, Georgia
To assess medical and economic impacts of an HIV outpatient treatment center on patients from rural and small urban areas. A hospital based HIV outpatient clinic was established in 1987 and moved to the health department in 1989, expanding services to a 13 county area. Data was gathered by direct qu
THE CHALLENGE: In 1986 Uganda was known to have a high rate of HIV infection (about 10% of adults in Kampala). Anaemia was a frequent cause of infant death and the material mortality, largely due to blood loss, was over 30/1000. The Response: Through the AIDS Task Force, the EEC pledged 2 million ECU to rebuild the cen
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:410 (abstract no. W.D.4088)
Schonnesson N, Psykhalsan L; Stockholm, Sweden
Psykhalsan is a psycho-social centre for men who have sex with men. It was created in 1986 by the Stockholm City Council as a response to the hiv-epidemic and its potential areas of distress related to sickness and death, sexual concerns, stigmatization, and alienation. Psykhalsan is aimed at hiv-carriers (including th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:409 (abstract no. W.D.4087)
Ramos A, Mantell J, Pack C, Ricardo M, Cortez N, Hernandez A, Laqueur P; AIDS Research Unit, New York City Dept. of Health, NY, NY, USA
To describe the planning and implementation of a Health Resource Center Storefront model for outreach and education of hard-to-reach population of males and females at high risk for HIV/AIDS infection. Results from a needs assessment survey conducted with 101 individuals (65 AIDS and health-related
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:409 (abstract no. W.D.4086)
Kalkman R, Burnett M; Ho'omana'olana/Gregory House, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Individuals living in a AIDS Housing Program are at high risk for specific stressors: coping with illness and life adjustments. This psychological services program offers a broad range of intervention within the context of the housing program, rather than utilizing adjunctive services. The focus is to have i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:409 (abstract no. W.D.4085)
Valdiserri R, West G, Moore M, Darrow W, Hinman A; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To consider how different models of behavior change influence the development of public health delivery systems for HIV prevention services. We discuss theories of human behavior change and relate them to various models for improving the delivery of HIV prevention services. Cognitive and de
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:409 (abstract no. W.D.4084)
Adams IK, Andrade Pinto J, Menezes de Paiva JV, Martins RF, da Silva Miranda N, Braganca de Matos MA; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Preliminary evaluation of the experience of a community-based medical clinic, associated with a multidisciplinary outreach team attending street children, with the objective of future HIV preventive intervention. In the year to 28/9/90, outreach affiliation led to access in the form of drop-in medic
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:408 (abstract no. W.D.4083)
Eberle S, Loos R, Kubota M; Sonoma County Department of Public Health, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
To present one model of HIV health care delivery used in semi-rural and rural Northern California. Sonoma County has an unusually high AIDS incidence for a semi-rural area, while also providing HIV-related support to surrounding rural counties. And yet, it has the lowest cost of HIV care in all of C
The out of hospital care requires guidelines that address them to meet the needs of People With AIDS (PWA) and People With ARC (PWARC). It becomes urgent to collect and analyse data on the needs of the patients in order to establish the criteria for planning community based services. A survey on the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:408 (abstract no. W.D.4081)
Lieberman B, McCormick WC, Chamberlain D; AIDS Housing of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
1) To develop a facility which provides in-patient long term care and day health care for persons with AIDS in a flexible environment; 2) To reduce costs of care and unnecessary hospitalizations; 3) To assist replicability through an evaluation of design and service provision. The planning process b
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:408 (abstract no. W.D.4080)
Roks C, Clegg E, Gilmour J; St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
To evaluate the efficacy of the integration of a Hemophilia program and an HIV Care Program. The Southwestern Ontario Hemophilia Program (SWOHP) and HIV Care Program (HIVCP) coordinated their services to provide comprehensive care in order to meet the unique needs of persons with hemophilia infected
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:407 (abstract no. W.D.4079)
Mihalcheon GE, Trott D; Southern Alberta HIV Clinic; Calgary, Alberta, Canada
To design a microcomputer-based information system which includes database management, statistical analysis and ad-hoc report generation capabilities for a regional outpatient clinic. Primary design objectives included 1) the requirement for flexible, user-friendly database structures to allow for modificati
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:407 (abstract no. W.D.4078)
Diego S, Franceschi S, Manconi PE, Cajozzo A, Flego A, Rezza G; Aviano Cancer Centre (Aviano)
To describe the offer and the attendance of public drug clinics (PDCs) and private residential therapeutic communities (PRTCs), from the beginning of the AIDS epidemic to 1989, and to discuss the implications for the control of AIDS. Statistical analysis of data from the Italian Ministry of Home Aff
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:407 (abstract no. W.D.4077)
Redding KL, Brillhart T, Eaton C, Keister R, LeBlanc M, Rooney M, Ussery F 3d; Foscarnet Research Project, Houston, TX, USA
To determine the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment in AIDS-associated Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis with IV foscarnet. Using laboratory & general health criteria, patients were screened to insure adequate renal function. A collegial relationship was developed with 12 doctors and 11
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:407 (abstract no. W.D.4076)
Pronovost P, Kelen GD, Green GB, Tom P, Scheulen JJ, Sivertson KT; Division of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
To determine if patients with symptomatic HIV-infection utilize more time and resources in an inner-city emergency department (ED), compared to non-HIV-infected acuity-matched ED patients. All interactions between health care workers (HCWs) and symptomatic HIV-infected patients (SHIPs), and non-HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:406 (abstract no. W.D.4075)
Lehman H, Aiken LH, Semaan S, Smith HL, O'Hare P, Lake ET, Frank I, Guarda NP; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
To determine whether nurse practitioners provide a cost-effective alternative to physicians in the long-term management of persons infected with HIV. Patients under the primary care of nurse practitioners at a university hospital-based outpatient clinic were matched on the basis of age, sex, HIV tra
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:406 (abstract no. W.D.4074)
Lubeckis J, Cohen V, Sternberg C, Vess L, Teter C, Garnett E, Chicon E, Rodriguez R, Warren L, Mekeel G, et al; Department of Psychiatry, Cook County Hospital (CCH)
To report on a program of same-site integrated primary medical care, case management & chemical dependency treatment (CDT) to injectable drug users (IDU) with HIV disease or risk at CCH, Chicago. Background: From 1986-1988 CCH cared for 1,022 IDUs, of whom 248 (25.6%) were HIV+. Less than 10% were succes
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:406 (abstract no. W.D.4073)
Reilly G, Nelson M, Barter G, Hartman R, Mansfield S, Gazzard B; Westminster Hospital, London, England
To assess rate of central line infection and mortality in patients discharged to the community with central venous access for administration of anti- CMV treatment, and its relationship to community nurse supervision. All patients discharged from our unit between December 1989 and December 1990 on ma
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:406 (abstract no. W.D.4072)
Stanton D, Rucker S, Piazza M, Fine E, Hidalgo J, Chaisson RE, Smith MD; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
To review the ability of HIV infected patients to perform activities of daily living (ADL) at initial presentation for medical care. 428 HIV infected patients evaluated by standardized psychosocial assessment including ADL s at the Johns Hopkins Diagnostic Evaluation Unit. Demographics: Mal
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:405 (abstract no. W.D.4071)
McCarthy S, Soliz R; Health Resources and Services Administration, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
To describe the U.S. program for home and community based health services for uninsured, low income, medically and chronically dependent persons with HIV infection. Congress appropriated $18.6 million to establish a State grant program to provide home and community based HIV services for individuals
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:405 (abstract no. W.D.4070)
Miller SJ, Cohen OJ, Jacobs JL; New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Center for Special Studies. New York, NY, USA
To study legal services utilization within an HIV+ clinic population in New York City. Legal services for the execution of power of attorney documents, living wills, and wills are offered by attorneys twice weekly on a pro bono basis to financially needy patients in our comprehensive care clinic for
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:405 (abstract no. W.D.4069)
Landman R, Mettetal JF, Kulpa M, Ortoli JM, Chambon JF, Girard PM; INSERM U 13, Paris, France
To evaluate - by a pilot study - practical conditions, tolerance and compliance to PCP prophylaxis by pentamidine aerosols delivered at home. 33 patients received a primary or secondary PCP prophylaxis. A nurse was in charge of the process of the aerosol. 300 mg dosage of isethionate pentamidine was
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:405 (abstract no. W.D.4068)
Andreoni M, Milanese G, Cancelli A, Sarrecchia C, Sarmati L, Sordillo P, D'Agostini C, Sivilia M, Rocchi G; University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
To quantify the needs of outpatients with AIDS and to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a pilot project of care delivery based on multidisciplinary integrated health and home services and facilities. Outpatients care was provided through both an evaluation team and 2 operative teams comp
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:404 (abstract no. W.D.4067)
Westphal Victor B; The Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
Care is vital to the well-being of persons with HIV infection. So far studies of home care have mostly been concerned with cost containment. Descriptions of various types of community based programmes have focused on the types of services provided and patient reactions. An understanding of the phenomenon of care is nee
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:404 (abstract no. W.D.4066)
Williams W, Fournel, Sondag, Fransen L; European Economic Community, AIDS Control Programme for developing countries
Renewed attention is given to national safe blood programmes in developing countries in view of controlling AIDS. After 4 years experience with the AIDS Control Programme of the developing countries in 20 different countries, a model is presented for the planning, management, costing, financing and implementing of thos
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:404 (abstract no. W.D.4065)
Scherr S, Kosko D; The University of Maryland at Baltimore, Maryland AIDS Professional Education Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
To assess the utility of modified attitude and knowledge scales for outcome evaluation. A 6 hour training program was developed and presented on 4 occasions over a 7 month time period. All 120 self-selected attendees completed a program pre-test; follow-up post-tests were mailed to the 56 participan
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:404 (abstract no. W.D.4064)
Squire SB, Elford J, Bor R, Downes K, Tilsed G, Salt H, Bagdades EK, Janossy G, Griffiths PD, Johnson MA; AIDS Counselling Unit, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK
1. To describe the establishment of a clinic providing counselling, medical advice, and serum HIV-1 antibody results on the same day. 2. To determine the socio-demographic profile, risk category, and HIV-1 seroprevalence among individuals attending this clinic. 3. To determine the stage of HIV infection amon
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:403 (abstract no. W.D.4063)
George R, Edwards D, Harwood P, Howes G, Robinson V; Bloomsbury Community Care Team, London, UK
To delineate factors influencing the choice and place of death of patients with endstage HIV related disease. 13 elements of psychosocial, practical, and clinical care were examined in 108 expected deaths cared for by Bloomsbury Community Care Team (palliative care team) to see the main determinants
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:403 (abstract no. W.D.4062)
Butters E, Higginson I, George R, McCarthy M; Department of Community Medicine, University College London, UK
To investigate the problems of terminally-ill HIV/AIDS patients; discover their views on care; and compare patient, carer and team assessments of problems. Patients and their carers, under Bloomsbury Community Care Team (BCCT), a multidisciplinary support team, were interviewed at home, 3-4 weeks af
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:403 (abstract no. W.D.4061)
Silverman ML; Presbyterian Medical Center of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
To review the experience of HIV-1 (HIV) infected patients admitted to a city supported 16-bed AIDS Unit within The Philadelphia Nursing Home (PNH) from 1987 to 1990. Retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the AIDS Unit; Admission criteria include: patients must be HIV positive, Philadelp
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:403 (abstract no. W.D.4060)
Minnefor A, Lazovitz S, Mondrone R, Spector J, Stern A; Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, South Orange, New Jersey USA
The Wanaque experience grew out of the partnership between the public and private sector. This partnership has served to create a cost effective way to manage the medical and psychosocial needs of this patient population. To describe our experience converting geriatric beds into a dedicated AIDS unit in a sk
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:402 (abstract no. W.D.4059)
McCollum DP, Awe R, Barden C, Pusanik M, Springer P; Omega House, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
The Omega House, Houston, Texas, USA, is a residential hospice for medically indigent patients with full-blown AIDS. The program provides palliative medical/nursing care, psychological, social and spiritual support for residents in the terminal stage of the disease who are homeless, have no financial resources and are
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:402 (abstract no. W.D.4057)
Davis WT; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
Assist care partners by providing information on the epidemiology of HIV, prevention of the spread of disease, and infection control. Train the skills needed to assist in providing quality, humane, safe, cost effective home care of self care for a person living with HIV, ARC, AIDS. Teach the fundamentals of
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:402 (abstract no. W.D.4056)
Petrel MJ, Montino C, Barrera M, Aguilar M, Martinez ML, Moreno V, Laguna F; Cruz Roja Espanola y C.A. Madrid
The AIDS patient need frequently the admission to the hospital with overload of it and patient s distress. These problems may be partially resolved with the home care to the AIDS persons. On March 1.990 we started the Plan of Attendance at Home for AIDS Patients with a team being composed for one medical docto
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:401 (abstract no. W.D.4055)
Tramarin A, Pellizzer G, Vaglia A, Ferrari S, Bragagnolo L, Guarrera G, de Lalla F; Department of Infectious Diseases, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
To compare economic costs and benefits of Home Care (HC) with Ordinary Care. A group of 29 Ordinary Care (OC) patients (Pts) was compared in all use of resources with an HC of 9 Pts. Data collection was performed according to the DRG cost model for a period of 6 months for each individual subject. E
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:401 (abstract no. W.D.4054)
Campitelli G, Pinter E, Goletti D, Graziano C, Macedonio A, Luzi G, Ortona L, Turbessi G, Sorice F, Aiuti F, et al; ANLAIDS: Sezione Laziale (National AIDS Association, Roma
To evaluate specific problems and needs of AIDS and ARC patients for better organization of a Home Care System. 400 patients with AIDS and ARC have been interviewed in 3 Roman hospitals to express their needs for a Home Care System: Questions concerned nursing and medical staff assistance, social an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:401 (abstract no. W.D.4053)
Heley A, Chang C, Stephan M; FACTS Health Co-ordination Centre, Crouch End, London, United Kingdom
In the mid 1980s a local community-based medical service was set up for people affected by HIV. That service has evolved into the FACTS Health Co-ordination Centre where a wide range of medical and complementary therapies is offered. Direct specialist medical care is provided with emphasis on early intervention and dev
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:401 (abstract no. W.D.4052)
Harris CA, Fenn MA, Coburn KD, Ceron RD, Camhi E, McCabe KM; Bronx Municipal Hospital Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
To establish a model for HRC within a municipal hospital that has identified 990 Centers for Disease Control defined AIDS patient (PT)s since 1982, characterized as 76% male, 88% Black or Hispanic, and 64% with IVDU as risk. Essential elements are defined as (1) longitudinal surveillance and epidemi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:400 (abstract no. W.D.4051)
Nessel JT; Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation (Health/HIV Coordinator) Brooklyn/Harlem, N.Y., USA
To review a variety of institutional settings, containing high risk individuals, and produce an updated, quantitative tool for evaluating their HIV programs. Study 7 types of institutions that contain high risk people: therapeutic communities, methadone programs, prisons, mental health, general hosp
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:400 (abstract no. W.D.4050)
Kerr SH, Moore M, O'Neil J, Swain F, Kalman M, Vaughn A, Bowen S, Gardom J, Fernandez I; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To assess immediate changes in high-risk behavior among seropositive clients between the time of post-test counseling and first follow-up visit two to three weeks later. We analyzed 256 records of seropositive clients who visited three community health centers in high seroprevalence areas between M
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:400 (abstract no. W.D.4049)
Mak R, Vincke J, Bolton R; Department of Social Medicine, Ghent State University, Belgium
To assess preferences of homosexual men with regards to their physician in relation to risk factors for AIDS. Selection of participants was done by key persons, who tried to reach a wide variety of gay men. Computer assisted interviewing was used to minimize interviewer bias, and to standardize ques
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:400 (abstract no. W.D.4048)
Wenrich MD, Giles LM, Ramsey PG; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
To determine current patterns of primary care of HIV-infected patients in communities in the Northwest United States and to assess whether care of these patients is provided by a small number of primary care physicians or is dispersed among many physicians. (1) Data were obtained from the Washington
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:399 (abstract no. W.D.4047)
Pradier C, Carles M, Durant J, Bonifassi L, Bernard E, Mondain V, De Salvador F, Dellamonica P; Infectious and Tropical diseases - Archet Hospital - Nice, France
INTRODUCTION: The Alpes-Maritimes (AM) with 601 cases of declared AIDS (March 1990) is the second French ward reached by the epidemic. Study of the attitudes of general and specialists practitioners in the AM regarding HIV infection. A questionary survey had been mailed to all general and specialist
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:399 (abstract no. W.D.4046)
McCoy RB, Meehan D, Mijch A; Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
To increase the availability of efficacious general practitioner (GP) HIV related clinical services by the design and implementation of an ongoing education program. A multidisciplinary committee consisting of medical specialists, GPs and educators, designed a state funded education program based a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:399 (abstract no. W.D.4045)
Epstein R, Suchman A, Christie M, Rousseau S; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
To examine the factors that motivate primary care physicians to care for HIV patients, to identify the important difficulties that they have experienced, and to learn what enabled them to overcome these difficulties. In-depth interviews with 30 family practitioners and general internists who are curr
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:399 (abstract no. W.D.4044)
Reiter S, Heckman W; Federal Health Office, AIDS-Center, Berlin/Federal Republic of Germany
To present the concepts, implementation, problems and experiences of community-oriented AIDS-prevention projects in several European countries. To evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of this method in the field of AIDS-prevention. Community-oriented strategies have been successful in the field o
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:398 (abstract no. W.D.4043)
Wolfe H, Zolopa A, Keffelew A, Meakin R, Gorter R, Miranda J; San Francisco General Hospital, Psychiatry, CA, USA
To determine the relation between HIV infection and psychiatric disorder among homeless persons. 500 homeless persons from San Francisco shelters, parks, city hotels and clinics, and food lines were tested for HIV antibody and asked questions about risk behavior and history of psychiatric hospitaliz
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:398 (abstract no. W.D.4042)
Wilson D, Mavesere D, Katuria R; University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
To combine surveys and ethnography to design an intervention with commercial fishermen on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe . Semi-structured interview of 149 fishermen, key informant discussions, focus groups and participant observations by ethnographer who travelled, worked and lived with fishermen.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:398 (abstract no. W.D.4041)
Williams E, Lamson N, Lamptey P; University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
To foster practical ways of increasing the ability of Female Commercial Sex Workers (FCSWs) to negotiate safer sex and yet earn adequate income. During the past two years condom use has been promoted among FCSWs alongside campaigns to increase charge for sex, enact rules among groups of FCSWs to diss
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:398 (abstract no. W.D.4040)
Whynacht G, Sale T, Blennerhassett H; AIDS Shelter Committee, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
To determine the shelter and care needs of people living with AIDS. A pretested questionnaire was distributed to 90 persons living with AIDS. Besides demographic information, data was collected pertaining to present living arrangements, current health status, current needs, and perceived nature of e
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:397 (abstract no. W.D.4039)
Welsh M, Lamptey P, Brokenshire C, Lamson N, Spilsbury J, Weiss E; AIDSTECH, Family Health International, NC, USA
To assess the efficacy of Peer Educators in AIDS prevention outreach in selected countries. Using process and outcome evaluation data compiled from AIDS prevention projects in resource poor environments, a description of the strengths and weaknesses of the Peer Education approach to AIDS prevention
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:397 (abstract no. W.D.4038)
Waller PB; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
Pender s Health Promotion Model provided the theoretical framework to study health promoting behavior and its psychosocial predictors among gay men. The major research question was: Are there differences in six types of health promoting behavior and in health locus of control among subgroups of gay men? METH
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:397 (abstract no. W.D.4037)
Thompson PI, Mata A, Saunders R, Duncan C; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To assess the capabilities of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to provide HIV prevention information and service delivery linkages via street outreach programs to individuals at high risk for HIV infection who have not been previously served. We report on data obtained via interview with forty c
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:397 (abstract no. W.D.4036)
Tuttle-Widdus D, Springham J, Araque de Maldonado N, Wallace B, Hurtado JJ, Sar A, Petitgirard A, Michael L; League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCRCS)
To develop a training guide which responds to the specific needs of youth leaders from different countries and cultures. An AIDS training manual was prepared and field tested with youth from 26 National Societies at the LRCRCS Supercamp. A revised draft was field tested with Red Cross and Scout yout
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:396 (abstract no. W.D.4035)
Auger S, Thomas R, Guay M, Longpre D, Otis J, Lonergan G; Departement de sante communautaire de l'Hopital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec, Canada
To evaluate process and short-term impact of a condom accessibility project. Drop-outs and drop-ins (youths that attend school most of the time but also keep company with drop-outs ) were involved in developing a condom distribution network. Their involvement brought them: 1) to convince merchants to sell co
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:396 (abstract no. W.D.4034)
Slonim-Nevo V, Auslander W, Ozawa M, Gehlert S; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
To describe a training program designed to prepare students to teach risk-reduction behaviors to adolescents at risk of HIV infection. 14 social work students were selected as group leaders. They underwent a two-day workshop in which they received extensive information on AIDS prevention. Then, they
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:396 (abstract no. W.D.4033)
Schindler S, Patermaster M, Harris BJ, West G, Valdiserri R, Herrell I, Hinman A; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To determine the effects of a program designed to provide start-up funds and technical assistance for NGOs to enhance their capacity to conduct HIV prevention programs. NGOs are in a unique position to access multiethnic/multicultural populations and help prevent the spread of HIV infection by educa
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:396 (abstract no. W.D.4032)
Seele P, Connor J, El-Sadr W; Harlem Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
To increase awareness of AIDS issues and to encourage the development of spiritual and physical resources for HIV positive persons and their families living in the Harlem community. The old-time revival week is a historical annual event of the African-American church when the community gathers for 7
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:395 (abstract no. W.D.4031)
Ssembatya J, Kelly R, Nduhura D, Wawer MJ; Ministry of Health, Uganda
1) Assess community health worker (CHW) performance and knowledge in the diffusion of AIDS health messages to promote behavior change, and 2) identify needs of CHW s in promoting HIV/AIDS information. The Rakai Project has established a randomly selected community based cohort followed annually by K
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:395 (abstract no. W.D.4030)
Rolf J, Baldwin J, Trotter R, Alexander C, Denetsosie R, Tongue N, Quintero G, Garcia C, Cha D, Johnson J; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
To create and demonstrate the effectiveness of an experimental HIV/AIDS prevention program involving rural Native American tribes whose youth are at high behavioral risk for HIV transmission due to high rates of STD s, unprotected sex, teen pregnancy and substance abuse. The prevention program incl
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:395 (abstract no. W.D.4029)
Gillies P, Parker R, Sittitrai W, Suwannanond U, Neequayc A, Caracl M, Slutkin G; University of Nottingham Medical School, UK
To identify education, information, communication and health service provision networks thought to be most effective for the dissemination and implementation of interventions to prevent and control HIV transmission in the sex industry in developing countries. Within study sites, a convenient sample
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:395 (abstract no. W.D.4028)
Fleury F, Dubois F, Zimermann E; Institut Universitaire de Medicine Sociale et Preventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
As part of the Swiss effort to evaluate aids prevention campaigns, this study seeks to determine whether or not the prohibition of family reunification for asylum seekers can influence sexual behaviour in ways which would increase potential risk of HIV infection. In two separate studies, HIV/AIDS re
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:394 (abstract no. W.D.4026)
El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Schilling RF; Columbia University School of Social Work, New York City
To describe the social networks of female IV drug users and examine the relationship between social support appraisal, depression, high risk sexual behavior and women s perceived ability to negotiate safer sex with their sexual partners. Women (N=109) on methadone maintenance provided data on demog
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:394 (abstract no. W.D.4025)
Elbaz G; City University of New York, USA
The present paper is part of an ongoing doctoral dissertation on AIDS activism. The focus is on an AIDS activist organization: AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP). ACT UP is presented as a crossroads of social movements, including the Gay and Lesbian, the feminist health, the holistic and other movement
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:394 (abstract no. W.D.4024)
Levine RN, Dzubur V, Sparks V, Lane SR, Ruiz K, Freeman M; San Francisco Department of Public Health (Tom Waddell Clinic), San Francisco, CA, USA
To provide comprehensive outpatient services to an HIV-infected inner city population suffering multiple additional diagnoses, including homelessness, IV drug use, and mental illness. We have developed a multidisciplinary AIDS Outreach Program including medical, nursing, mental health and social ser
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:393 (abstract no. W.D.4023)
Dozier CE; New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, New York, NY, USA
This study assesses the perception of risk for HIV infection/AIDS among homeless veterans who congregate in New York City shelters. Subjects were 120 veterans residing in homeless shelters in New York City. They were self-selected for interviews about their sexual and drug histories since 1979. Desc
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:393 (abstract no. W.D.4022)
Dunnigan KP, Antwi P, Arday-Kotei M, Bentsi C, Dowling T; AIDSCOM/Academy for Educational Development, Washington, D.C
To illustrate how a coalition of governmental agencies, non-governmental agencies, and international donors can facilitate the development and coordination of HIV/AIDS prevention activities and services. Through a process of informal networking and formal training activities facilitated by USAID/AID
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:393 (abstract no. W.D.4020)
Brown RO, Aprison B, Bell L, Booth B, Carlson C, Decatur R, Micozzi M, Muscat A, Raphael D, Weiss M; Dept of Psychology, University of California, San Diego
Public science museums in the United States are an important and credible source of scientific understanding for 50 million visitors per year, including 25 million schoolchildren, and 10-20 thousand schoolteachers in special training programs. Our objective is to determine how public science museums can best
INTRODUCTION: Prevention is a distinguishing characteristic of the present HIV epidemic. Individual counselling by doctors is considered to be a crucial component of the overall AIDS prevention strategy in Switzerland . The present study was to describe and quantify attitudes and behaviors of Swiss physicians in privat
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:392 (abstract no. W.D.4018)
Mansaray N, Kosia A, Bangura H, Nicolls A, Makiu E; National AIDS Programme, P.O. Box 1111, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa
To develop an increase in AIDS awareness among market women, drivers, street teenagers and people of other non-institutional settings. Selected cultural drama groups are educated on AIDS through workshops and seminars, these groups then prepare very short plays in the local language on Health Educat
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:392 (abstract no. W.D.4017)
Mwizarubi B, Laukamm-Josten U, Maijonga C, Lwihula G, Outwater A, Nyamwaya D; AMREF, Tanzania
To reduce sexual transmission of HIV among transport workers and their partners along a transport route through a Peer Health Education Program. Program strategies and messages were developed based on data from an initial Knowledge, Attitude, Practices (KAP) study. Participation of community leaders
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:392 (abstract no. W.D.4016)
Javanni J, Brossais P; A.P.A.R.T.S., Paris, France
An exploratory survey (April to December 1990) to compare the specific responses and experiences of dwelling and housing programmes developed by NGOs in the 12 EEC countries, promoted by A.P.A.R.T.S. - a French association providing temporary dwelling in urban apartments in Paris Region and Marseilles, with
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:391 (abstract no. W.D.4015)
Jimenez R; US Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
This presentation will focus on the Religious Initiative of the National Partnerships Development Activity of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The history and rationale of the Initiative will be explained, as will the role of this particular partnership development activity within the overall CDC public info
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:391 (abstract no. W.D.4014)
Inglesi E, Fernandes E, Anastocio N, Pinto J, Ferraz B; Reference and Traing Center for AIDS, State Ministery of Health
To monitor religious groups (RG) AIDS prevention and control activities in the last three years and to determine RG capacity to work as Non Governmental Organizations (NGO s). First Phase (February, 88 until August, 88) 1. Recruitment of Religious Leaders (RL) to attend a 3 hours weekly meeting to s
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:391 (abstract no. W.D.4013)
Hoadley D, Wahaj M, McGuire K, Forster A, Dean H, McCaffery K, Lutz B; Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
To assess HIV related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the New Orleans urban homeless. A self-administered, anonymous 24 item questionnaire completed by 256 persons attending the City of New Orleans Healthcare for the Homeless Clinic. Data were correlated by age, race, and sex. Over
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:391 (abstract no. W.D.4012)
Hutton C, Jay M, Kelmanson A; National AIDS Trust (NAT), London, England
To engage local service providers and managers in education and health in a national initiative enabling young people to contribute to health education policy on HIV and AIDS, and to identify factors blocking/promoting effective delivery of information in schools and colleges. A series of out-of-sch
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:390 (abstract no. W.D.4011)
Hassig SE, Price J, Earle D, Spilsbury J; AIDSTECH, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
To comparatively evaluate the results of condom social marketing (CSM) efforts in two countries, Zaire and Cameroon . Data were collected at least one year after initiation of each CSM program through program staff and key informant interviews, use of extant survey and intercept reports and record r
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:390 (abstract no. W.D.4010)
Grose R, O'Malley J, Gonzalez del Valle A; World Health Organization
Community-based organizations (CBOs) have accumulated a wealth of experience in responding to HIV/AIDS-related problems. Many CBOs have formed networks to share their knowledge and to contribute to programme and policy development. Difficulties in becoming formed and in developing programmes have threatened their effec
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:390 (abstract no. W.D.4009)
Robinson M, White S, Sargeant D; Social Biology Resources Centre, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
To describe a process designed to enable the local development of relevant HIV/AIDS/HBV policies based on sound practices, in compliance with statewide legislation for use by 210 individual LG authorities in Victoria (population: 4.5m), Australia . These policies will enable people infected with HIV to confi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:390 (abstract no. W.D.4008)
Ravelo N, Espinosa G, Andrada A, Mejia P, Rudy J, Williams N; Olongapo City Health Dept., Philippines
To increase the rate of reported condom use among entertainment industry workers via a grassroots development approach. Using process and outcome data obtained from pre and post surveys carried out with 1000 randomly sampled entertainment industry workers, the effectiveness of a community-based and
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:389 (abstract no. W.D.4007)
Schindler S, Patermaster MT, Harris BJ, West G, Valdiserri R, Herrell I, Hinman AR; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
To identify the technical assistance (TA) needs of new versus established community based HIV prevention programs, and how to best satisfy those needs. The TA needs of organizations vary widely depending on the size of the organization, the overall budget and organizational capacity, and knowledge a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:389 (abstract no. W.D.4006)
Pick de Weiss S, Andrade P, Alvarez M, Weiss E, Shedlin M, Welsh M; Instituto Mexicano de Investigacion de Familia y Poblacion (IMIFAP), Mexico City, Mexico
To assess the feasibility of using Mexico City pharmacies in STD/AIDS prevention by determining knowledge of pharmacy workers, quality and content of customer/worker interactions, and willingness of workers to participate in educational and condom marketing activities. Formative research using focus
AIDS education activities often have the disadvantage of being intermittent, and made by specialists who are removed from the concerned populations. To carry out a continuing proximity prevention program, using the local health structures in which the population is involved. The Mobile Team is a hea
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:389 (abstract no. W.D.4004)
Profumo A; Cooper Park Health Progam, New York, NY (USA)
To describe how the process of applying a psychoanalytic approach to HIV/AIDS education and prevention stimulated a positive response in an underserved/exploited New York City community which was traditionally non-responsive to outreach. The community (composed of approximately 2000 residents - 60%
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:388 (abstract no. W.D.4003)
Ostfield M, Fevrier W, Jagdeo T, Cole L, France B; AIDSTECH, Family Health International, RTP North Carolina, USA
To test and evaluate low-cost ways to promote AIDS prevention and increase condom sales and use in the Eastern Caribbean. Using extensive research into culturally appropriate themes and images, promotional materials as well as point-of-purchase strategies were developed in a collaboration between lo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:388 (abstract no. W.D.4002)
Nemoto T, Brown LS, Chu MM, Chu A, Ajuluchukwa DC; Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation, Brooklyn, NY (USA)
To investigate the relationships among homeless shelter experience, drug and sexual behaviors, and HIV infection among IVDUs. To determine the efficacy of Isoniazid (INH) therapy, patients in methadone maintenance programs in New York City who had positive response to skin testing with purified prote
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:388 (abstract no. W.D.4001)
Nyathi B, Wilson D, Lamson N, Nhariwa M, Weir S; Bulawayo City Council, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
To evaluate a multi-approach HIV prevention program targeted to vulnerable groups in Bulawayo. A comprehensive program to prevent HIV infection in prostitutes, their clients, STD patients, and mobile groups has been implemented for two years. The program is comprised of 3 main components; AIDS educat
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:388 (abstract no. W.D.4000)
Manson Willms S, Hayes MV, Hulchanski JD; School of Social Work, & Centre for Human Settlements, University of B.C, Vancouver, Canada
The purpose of this study is to describe the current range of housing options available to HIV infected persons and estimate the degree to which these options meet the housing needs, and to identify a range of policy options to service the housing needs of HIV infected persons. Case study analysis u
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:20 (abstract no. W.D.4)
Agoki E, Tyndall M, Malisa W, Ndinya-Achola JO, Ronald AR, Plummer FA; U. of Nairobi, Kenya
Education and the promotion of safer sexual practices need to reach high risk groups and affect behavioural change, if HIV/AIDS is to be controlled. The study was designed to gather demographic, behavioural and attitudinal information in men presenting with genital ulcer disease (GUD). Four hundred
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:20 (abstract no. W.D.3)
Brunet JB, Coppel A, Braggiotti L, De Vincenzi I, Besson S, Ancelle-Park R; Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA, Paris, France
1) To evaluate health problems, access to health care and preventive attitudes of female prostitutes; 2) To create a framework for field actions through cooperation between prostitutes, public health authorities, social workers and epidemiologists. Qualitative analysis of written material and tape
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:20 (abstract no. W.D.2)
McKusick L, Hilliard R; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UCSF
To measure trends in psychological distress and to assess the impact of multiple loss in a community where many have died of AIDS. Bi-yearly surveys were administered in 1984, 1986, and 1988 to 442 members of the San Francisco Gay Community as part of the ongoing AIDS Behavioral Research Project. Sc
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:52 (abstract no. W.D.116)
Thomson B, Katoff L, Huber J; Gay Men's Health Crisis, NY, NY, USA
Community-based organizations are essential to the U.S. response to AIDS. These organizations have very limited resources and rapidly growing caseloads. Choices about the allocation of resources are inevitable, and analysis of patterns of utilization should inform the development of models for services and cost-effecti
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:52 (abstract no. W.D.115)
Crystal S, Schiller N; AIDS Research Group, Inst. for Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
To analyze utilization, sources of care, and changes over the course of illness in a statewide random sample of persons with AIDS. In-depth interviews were conducted with 107 persons with AIDS from a statewide sample drawn from the state registry of persons reported with CDC-defined AIDS. Demographi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:52 (abstract no. W.D.114)
O'Neill J, Holloway J, Lerner H, Bowen S, Salomon P, Wells J, Brown-Douglas R, Kerr S, Gardom J, Fernandez I; Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Rockville, Maryland, USA
To demonstrate the feasibility of and means by which community-based primary care clinics in underserved areas can incorporate HIV prevention and treatment services within their existing structures. Three primary care health centers in high HIV incidence, underserved communities in the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:52 (abstract no. W.D.113)
Martin E, Tolila Y, Mignot F, Matheron S, Bouchaud O, Coulaud JP; Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
Medical care for HIV infected patients is improving; nevertheless multi-faceted psycho-affective aspect of the disease has been seldom reported by teams involved in hospital care. We report the experience of a group of nurses and patients, in a department of infectious diseases: the creation of La plage association. OB
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:51 (abstract no. W.D.112)
McCann KE; Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care, London, United Kingdom
To describe the support informal carers provide for gay men with HIV infection and the consequences for the carer. Semi-structured interviews with 119 informal carers and 265 anti-HIV-positive gay men. It was mostly friends (44%) and partners (42%) who were identified as the relevant carer
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:51 (abstract no. W.D.111)
Driessen A, van de Velden L, Van den Boom F, Derks J; Netherlands Institute of Mental Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands
need assessment of HIV-infected IV drug users and evaluation of volunteer help. every two months structured interviews were held with clients and volunteers of the support project, addressing items as expectations, motivations and satisfaction. To assess the psychosocial needs standardized question
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:51 (abstract no. W.D.110)
de Wildt GR, Francken HR, Makgonedi F, Holosiwa K, Seeletso L, Stronkhorst R; Ministry of Health, Botswana
To equip science teachers with knowledge and skills to teach biomedical facts on AIDS and STD s: To give teachers an understanding of the psychological, socio-economic and cultural importance of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana society and to address sensitive issues such as sexuality adequately: To develop
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:51 (abstract no. W.D.109)
Morris R, Baker C, Huscroft S, Evans CA, Zeljkovic S; County of Los Angeles/Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA USA
To determine changes over 2 years time in HIV risk behaviors in incarcerated juveniles 14-18 years old. Both medically or self referred minors in Los Angeles (L.A.) juvenile halls were interviewed by trained health educators using a standard questionnaire in 1989 and 1990. Voluntary HIV testing was
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:50 (abstract no. W.D.108)
Holtzman D, Lowry R, Kann L, Collins J, Truman B, Kolbe L; Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To examine changes in rates and relationships among self-reported HIV-related instruction, knowledge, and behaviors in high school students in the U.S. Two independent, multi-stage national probability samples of public and private school students in grades 9-12 were surveyed in 1989 and 1990, using
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:50 (abstract no. W.D.107)
Baker C, Rich R, Wulf K; Los Angeles Unified School District, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Beginning in 1985, the Los Angeles Unified School District instituted a program to prevent HIV/AIDS infection in its students. At this point, data have been collected on expert response to the curriculum, teacher/nurse training needs, teacher response to training components, as well as actual classroom implementation o
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:50 (abstract no. W.D.106)
Caceres C, Rosasco A, Munoz S, Gotuzzo E, Mandel J, Hearst N; "A.von Humboldt" Institute, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
To test the effectiveness and practicality of a high school program on sexual education addressing human sexuality (HS), planned parenthood and AIDS/STD prevention. Based on a needs assessment and current models, a 15-hour high school curriculum on HS and STD/AIDS was designed to provide information
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:50 (abstract no. W.D.105)
Berman C; University of Illinois at Chicago, Midwest AIDS Training & Education Center (MATEC), Chicago, IL, USA
Learning goals achieved using PWH as teachers training primary HCW include; a) identification of psychosocial & physiological response to spectrum of HIV disease, b) personal identification with PWH, c) identification of medical facility s patient population as at risk. d) compliance with universal preca
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:48 (abstract no. W.C.99)
Kamb ML, Otten MW, Guerena F, Onorato I, Wroten J, Witte J; Div. of STD/HIV Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA
To study risk factors for HIV infection in a high prevalence (11%) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic population where a large proportion of patients were reported as having no identified risk (NIR) for infection. We reviewed the clinic records of pre- and post-test risk assessments of all U
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:48 (abstract no. W.C.98)
Cooley PC, Hamill DN, Liner EC, Myers LE, van der Horst CM; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
The AIDS epidemic in the United States appears to be declining in many risk groups. Various researchers have cited evidence that the declines are due to behavior, treatment or a combination. The objective of this study is to estimate risk-group-specific contact rate trends that reproduce the AIDS incidence p
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:48 (abstract no. W.C.97)
Remis RS, Palmer RW; Centre for AIDS Studies, Montreal General Hospital Community Health Department, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
(1) To characterize AIDS mortality in Quebec, and (2) to assess completeness of reporting in Quebec by modelling survival of reported AIDS cases. We calculated survival among adult AIDS cases after diagnosis using Kaplan-Meier analysis of data collected from routine AIDS surveillance and active fol
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:47 (abstract no. W.C.96)
Weniger BG, Zacarias F; The HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Bangkok, Thailand
A simplified AIDS case definition was developed for surveillance in many advanced developing countries where the CDC case definition is not practical and the WHO clinical definition does not take advantage of available diagnostic resources. In February 1989, in Caracas, Venezuela , a PAH
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:47 (abstract no. W.C.95)
McDougall L, Schechter MT, Sheps S, Craib KJ, Le TN, Fay S, Montaner JS; The Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study (VLAS) Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Cohort studies have reported significant declines in high-risk practices and seroconversion rates; this paper will (1) enumerate and describe an array of biases affecting HIV cohort studies; and (2) determine whether volunteer bias is operative in the VLAS cohort of gay men. Data from a published VL
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:47 (abstract no. W.C.94)
Alcabes P, Friedland G, Vlahov D, Munoz A; Montefiore Med. Ctr., Albert Einstein Coll. of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
To estimate HIV seroconversion (SC) dates for seroprevalent (SP) HIV+ IVDUs using changes in immunologic variables in IVDUs with observed HIV seroconversion (SC) dates after combining complementary data sets from two cities. Longitudinal data in IVDUs in the Bronx, NY (1985-90) and Baltimore, MD (19
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:47 (abstract no. W.C.93)
Stigum H, Magnus P, Gronnesby JK, Bakketeig L; Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
To describe qualitative and quantitative effects of heterogeneous HIV transmission on the spread of HIV when the transmission modulating cofactor is non-transmissible. Two different simulation models with different measures of effect are analyzed. Both models handle heterogeneous HIV transmission by
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:35 (abstract no. W.C.50)
Scofield V, Rao B, Clisham R; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
We have shown previously that human sperm bind to somatic cells through HLA class II molecules (Ashida and Scofield, PNAS 84:3395, 1987). Work by other laboratories since has demonstrated that T cells, B cells and macrophages are activated after crosslinking of their surface HLA-DR with anti HLA-DR antibody.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:35 (abstract no. W.C.49)
D'Arminio MA, Ravizza M, Muggiasca ML, Novati R, Bini T, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Cavalli G, Musicco M, Giovannini M, et al; Infect Dis Clin, Gynec Dept VI VII, Ped Dept IV V
to identify possible predictors of vertical transmission (VT) in HIV infected pregnant women. 66 HIV positive pregnant women and their children with a defined CDC group were enrolled. HIV p24 Ag (ELISA), B2-microglobulin (B2-M) (MEIA), serum neopterin levels (SNL) (RIA) and T lymphocyte subsets (LS)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:34 (abstract no. W.C.48)
Shaffer N, Parekh BS, Pau CP, Abrams E, Thomas P, Krasinski K, Bamji M, Kaul A, Schochetman G, Rogers M, et al; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To attempt to confirm recent reports that maternal antibodies, including high-affinity antibodies, to specific gp120 epitopes might protect against perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Pregnancy or peripartum serum specimens from 34 HIV-seropositive mothers, representing 13 episodes of mother-infant transm
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:34 (abstract no. W.C.47)
Bwayo J, Willerford D, Plummer F, Hensel M, Emonyi W, Gallatin M, Ngugi E, Sajabi R, Kreiss J; U. of Nairobi, Kenya
To determine the frequency of HIV infection among highly exposed HIV seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya . Prostitutes attending a research clinic were enrolled in a prospective study of HIV seroincidence. Sera were obtained at monthly intervals for HIV antibody determinations by ELISA and We
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:34 (abstract no. W.C.46)
Lepage P, Van de Perre P, Msellati P, Hitimana DG, Van Goethem C, Bazubagira A, Stevens AM, Mukamabano B, Simonon A, Dabis F; Departments of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Kigali (CHK), Rwanda
1) To identify, over a 2-year period, the mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV-1 infection, 2) to describe the natural history of HIV-1 infection in children and 3) to evaluate immunologic and serologic parameters associated with Mother (M) to Child (C) transmission of HIV. A prospective cohort-
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:34 (abstract no. W.C.45)
Telzak EE, Chiasson M, Bevier P, Castro K, Jaffe H, Stoneburner R; New York City Department of Health, New York, NY
To determine the role of genital ulcers (GU) in HIV transmission by comparing HIV seroconversion rates in STD clinic patients with a GU due to chancroid, syphilis, or herpes to those without a GU. HIV seronegative patients with and without GU were followed for a minimum of 3 months. Questionnaires w
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:33 (abstract no. W.C.44)
Vella S, Floridia M, Giuliano M, Pezzotti P, Agresti MG, Chiesi A; Centro Operativo AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
1. To evaluate the risk of developing AIDS, over a three-year period, and to determine the predictive factors for progression in a large cohort of patients with advanced ARC on zidovudine ( AZT ) therapy. 2. To compare risk and predictors of progression between patients acquiring HIV infection through I.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:33 (abstract no. W.C.43)
Osmond D, Shiboski S, Moss AR; University of California, San Francisco
To determine changes in survival past an initial AIDS diagnosis over time in a cohort of HIV seropositives. Ninety-nine confirmed AIDS diagnoses among seropositive homosexual men were followed up to determine date of death or date last alive. Cases were divided into four equal groups by date of dia
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:33 (abstract no. W.C.42)
Buchbinder S, Hessol N, O'Malley P, Barnhart L, Underwood R, Rubino C, Holmberg S, Lifson A; AIDS Office, San Francisco, CA
To determine time from estimated HIV seroconversion (SC) to AIDS and death and to assess the impact of PROP on HIV disease progression in the SFCCC. We identified 507 men with well characterized dates of SC from a cohort of 6705 homosexual/bisexual men recruited for hepatitis B studies from 1978
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:33 (abstract no. W.C.41)
Graham NM, Zeger SL, Park LP, Phair JP, Detels R, Vermund SH, Ho M, Saah AJ; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Bethesda, MD, USA
To conduct a nonrandomized study of the effects of AZT and PCP prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS and first episodes of PCP. A cohort of 1809 HIV-1 seropositives and 359 seroconverters were studied from April 1987 to June 1990.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:32 (abstract no. W.C.40)
Le HD, Schechter MT, Le TN, Craib KJ, Montaner JS; Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia
To estimate the waiting time in stages of the proposed WHO clinical staging for HIV infection. Stages I to IV were defined as in the original WHO proposal, excluding weight loss and performance score (table 1). Subjects were classified into stages at their initial visit and at subsequent follow-up v
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:32 (abstract no. W.C.39)
Rude N, Costagliola D, Valleron AJ; INSERM U 263 and SC4, Universite Paris 7, Paris, France
Deficit in AIDS incidence was defined as the difference between observed AIDS incidence and predicted AIDS incidence based on data from previous years. The objective of the study was to determine whether such a phenomenon was taking place in France . To determine the AIDS incidence deficit, we compa
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:32 (abstract no. W.C.38)
Kirby CD, Moore M, Cahill K, Campbell C; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To describe the adolescent population served by public CT and to identify specific operational problems. We analyzed all records of individual client visits to publicly-funded CT sites in 30 participating states/cities for the period 1/1/89-12/12/90. We compared adolescents (13-19 y) to the group of
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:32 (abstract no. W.C.37)
Giaquinto C, De Rossi A, Mazza A, Ruga E, Cozzani S, Giacomelli A, Pagliaro A, Chieco-Bianchi L, D'Elia R, Zacchello F; Dpt. of Pediatrics, Institute of Oncology, University of Padova
To study the natural history of pediatric HIV infection. All children born to seropositive mothers were followed clinically, immunologically and virologically (PCR, virus culture and antigenemia) every 3 months. Children were defined as infected if symptomatic (CDC classification) or antibody positi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:31 (abstract no. W.C.36)
Oxtoby M, Byers R, Simonds RJ, Rogers M, Berkelman R; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To estimate the true distribution of age at AIDS diagnosis for children infected with HIV during gestation or perinatally. Analysis of perinatally-acquired AIDS cases reported to CDC, 1982-1990. Age at AIDS diagnosis for reported cases is shown by birth year. TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLU
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:31 (abstract no. W.C.35)
Simonds RJ, Oxtoby M, Rogers M, Berkelman R; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To evaluate the impact of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) among children with perinatally-acquired (P-A) AIDS in the USA to help direct the development of effective guidelines for prophylaxis. Analysis of P-A AIDS cases reported to CDC through December 31, 1990. Of 2,327 cases of P-A
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:31 (abstract no. W.C.34)
Gwinn M, Fleming P, Oxtoby M, Green T, Mofenson L, Hannon WH, George JR; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
To describe trends in HIV seroprevalence in childbearing women and estimate prevalence of perinatally-acquired HIV infection and future AIDS incidence in children in the United States . In a population-based national serosurvey, more than 3 million newborn dried-blood specimens have been tested for
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:387 (abstract no. W.C.3367)
Reardon J, Warren N, Keilch R, Jenssen D, Wise F, Brunner W; Contra Costa County Health Services Department, Martinez, CA, USA
To evaluate whether there is a significant difference in HIV prevalence rates in Intravenous Drug User (IVDU) methadone clinic (MC) clients choosing or declining HIV confidential testing. During the period January 1 - December 31, 1990, we conducted blinded HIV antibody serosurveys at two MCs in Con
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:387 (abstract no. W.C.3366)
Haemmig RB, Minder Nejedly M, Malinverni R; Sozialpsychiatrische Universitaetsklinik, Bern
To investigate needle sharing, condom use and knowledge on HIV transmission among IVDU s on the street level. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was given to the users of low-threshold streetcorner agency with a shooting room ( Fixerstubli ) where iv-drug use is tolerated, sterile injectio
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:387 (abstract no. W.C.3365)
Savchenko I, Pokrovsky V; Specialized Research Laboratory for AIDS Epidemiology and Prevention. Moscow USSR
To study the spreading of HIV-infection and behavioural risk factors in IVDU in the USSR. 403089 blood samples of the revealed DU were tested for HIV-antibodies. 40 IVDU were questioned about their sexual behaviour and drug use habits. No HIV positive persons have been found in DU in the US
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:387 (abstract no. W.C.3364)
Baker MG, Tobias MI, Brady H; New Zealand Communicable Disease Centre, Porirua, New Zealand
To map the regional distribution of HIV markers in the New Zealand (NZ) intravenous drug user (IVDU) population using syringes returned as part of the national needle and syringe exchange scheme. The 200 outlets participating in the national syringe exchange scheme were instructed to forward all use
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:386 (abstract no. W.C.3363)
Harris N, Gordon D, Bley L, Sweeney P; Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
To explore the association identified in an earlier blinded survey of intravenous (IV) amphetamine use and HIV infection. Beginning in 1989, as part of a Center for Disease Control study, we recruited 562 IV drug users (IVDUS) entering the five largest drug treatment centers in the county. To achiev
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:386 (abstract no. W.C.3362)
Bley LD, Harris NV, Gordon DC, Fields MJ; Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
To compare demographic and sexual and drug injecting risk behaviors among intravenous drug using (IVDU) clients of drug treatment and needle exchange programs and jail inmates. As part of a Center for Disease Control Study, 634 IVDUS entering 5 drug treatment centers and random samples of 61 jail i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:386 (abstract no. W.C.3361)
Wilke G, Kupfer-Gernun U, Ullmann A, Gerke M, Rapp P, Brndermann HW; Medizinische Universitatsklinik St. Josef Hospital Bochum, FRG
The main research was to find out, wether methadone substitution has a negative effect on the course of lymphocyte subpopulations of HIV infected patients. Lymphocyte subpopulations were examined in 35 HIV infected patients on methadone maintenance, 24 patients with heroine dependency and 40 patient
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:386 (abstract no. W.C.3360)
Zangerle R, Rossler H, Riemer Y, Hinterhuber H, Fritsch P; AIDS Unit, Dept. of Dermatology & Venerology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
To examine the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection in IVDUs in the Austrian Tyrol, with an estimated number of 500-1000 IVDUs (total population 500.000) who attended the AIDS Unit and/or the Drug Dependency Unit in Innsbruck. HIV testing was offered on a voluntary basis. Annual (1985-1990) pre
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:385 (abstract no. W.C.3359)
Gomez MP, Bain R, Read S; Princess Margaret Hospital, and Public Health Department, Nassau, Bahamas
To evaluate cocaine use as a risk factor in perinatally acquired HIV infections in the Bahamas . The records of the AIDS Clinic of Princess Margaret Hospital were reviewed from 1985 through September 1990. Detailed demographic and substance abuse data were analyzed. Patients were classified accordin
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:385 (abstract no. W.C.3358)
Kent CK, Dubois JA; Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Bern, Switzerland
To determine factors associated with having received a previous negative test versus never having received a previous HIV test amongst HIV seropositive IVDUs. Between November 1988 and December 1990, the FOPH received from physicians anonymous reports about 489 (335 male and 154 female) HIV seroposit
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:385 (abstract no. W.C.3357)
O'Reilly KR, Higgins DL, Sheridan JS, Galavotti C, Schnell D, Beeker C; US Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., USA
To examine the relationship between perceived barriers and the readiness to use condoms for different types of partners. 345 individuals (prostitutes, IV drug users, sex partners of IVDUs, and street youth) completed a questionnaire on their sexual behavior, condom use, intention to use condoms, and
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:385 (abstract no. W.C.3356)
Dondero TJ, Allen DM, McCray E, Gwinn M, Conway GA, Onorato IM, Selik RM; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To analyze the overall patterns of the U.S. epidemic into 1) primary, self-sustaining components and 2) secondary components which depend on and result from the primary components; and to evaluate which primary component drives most of the secondary phenomena. Available data from U.S. HIV serosurve
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:384 (abstract no. W.C.3355)
Selik R, Green T, Buehler J; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To determine whether the increase in the proportion of heterosexual injected-drug abusers (IDAs) among U.S. persons with AIDS from 17% in 1985 to 23% in 1989 was only an artifact of the 1987 AIDS definition expansion or a reflection of underlying trends. We analyzed trends in the distribution of per
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:384 (abstract no. W.C.3354)
Montella F, Di Sora F, Recchia O, Ruberto A, Preite PA; AIDS and related Syndromes Study Unit, Ospedale San Giovanni, Rome, Italy
OBJECT: To evaluate the natural history of the HIV infection on a large group of IVDUs. From June 1985 to December 1990 we recruited, at Ospedale San Giovanni in Rome, 539 HIV-positive IVDUs. HIV antibody testing was performed using the ELISA method and confirmed with the Western Blot. At the commencement of t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:384 (abstract no. W.C.3353)
Di Caro A, Benedetto A, Camporiondo MP, Elia G, Gallone D, Zaniratti S, Armignacco O, Zaccarelli M; Center of Virology, Osp. S. Camillo, Rome, Italy
Predictive value of epidemiological and clinical parameters for risk of HIV infection has been investigated in injecting drug users (IDUs). 78 HIV-seronegative IDUs, which fitted with almost one of the following criteria were enrolled: 1) HIV-seropositive partner; 2) needle sharing during last year;
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:384 (abstract no. W.C.3352)
Kall K, Olin R; Department of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
To investigate the effects of amphetamine on sexual HIV risk behaviour among male intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in order to evaluate the risk for sexual spread of HIV in this group. In a pilot study detained IVDUs were selected at the Remand Prison in Stockholm. Inclusion criteria were: at least 6
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:383 (abstract no. W.C.3351)
Galli M, Musicco M, Zampini L, Gervasoni C, Riva A, Codini G, Ciaci D, Cruccu V, Marozzi F, Carito M, et al; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
To describe the morality pattern of IVDUs in relation to therapeutic programs (TP) for opiate addicts with particular reference to methadone treatment (MTD). We compared the cause-specific risk (R) of death in 1730 subjects enrolled in short term (less than 3 mths) TP and followed up for 8133 person
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:383 (abstract no. W.C.3350)
Hwang LY, Brimlow DL, Zigich L, Baaith M; University of Texas, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
To determine the factors influencing HIV infection and change of risk behaviors in IVDUs from a minority community-based HIV prevention program in Houston. Since September 1989, a community-based HIV prevention program was conducted by Over the Hill, Inc., a minority community-based organization pro
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:383 (abstract no. W.C.3349)
Lampinen TM, Joo E, Seweryn S, Wiebel W, Chapman BT; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
1) To measure the confounding effect of neighborhood area on the association of race/ethnicity and HIV-1 seropositivity among Chicago IVDUs and 2) to assess the potential influence of epidemic duration upon current seroprevalence levels. IVDU entrants to all Chicago public drug treatment facilities
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:383 (abstract no. W.C.3348)
Saxon AJ, Schwebke J, Calsyn D, Holmes K; Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
To examine the relationships between self-reported risk behaviors and the prevalence of sexually and parenterally transmitted diseases among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). Structured interviews regarding high risk behavior were performed on 199 IVDUs in treatment for drug dependence who also agreed
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:382 (abstract no. W.C.3347)
Calsyn DA, Meinecke CF, Saxon AJ; Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SVAMC), Seattle WA, USA
Assess the efficacy of a condom giveaway program in increasing condom use among clients in a drug treatment clinic providing methadone maintenance and drug free counseling. A self report questionnaire regarding sexual behavior and condom acquisition over the prior two months was administered to 104
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:382 (abstract no. W.C.3346)
Kleiber D, Pant A; Sozialpaedagogisches Institut Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
The main results of the largest differential-epidemiological study on Aids and drugs are presented. The study aimed at 1. an estimation of true HIV-prevalence rates in i.v. drug addicts; 2. a description of differential risks to catch a HIV-infection depending on behavioral (needle-sharing, sex), socio-econo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:382 (abstract no. W.C.3345)
DeJong WM; National Committee on AIDS Control the Netherlands
In more than 50 cities in the Netherlands approximately 130 needle-exchange programmes (nep s) have been implemented. Within the national AIDS policy a higher priority will be given to further the quality of nep s. It is aimed to make a rough assessment of the present functioning of nep s in the Netherlands.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:382 (abstract no. W.C.3344)
Allen DM, Onorato IM; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To describe sexual behaviors among IVDUs entering sentinel drug treatment centers in the United States . Since 1989, CDC, with state and local health departments, has conducted voluntary HIV surveys among IVDUs entering drug treatment. After obtaining informed consent, a risk assessment questionnair
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:381 (abstract no. W.C.3343)
Durante AJ, Joce RE, Gill ON, Connell JA, Perry KR, Parry JV, Mortimer PP, Hart GJ, Stimson GV; PHLS AIDS Centre and Virus Reference Lab, London UK
To monitor the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B core (HBc) antibodies among injecting drug users. A simple survey method has been designed in which clients self-complete a short questionnaire and provide a saliva sample. Participation is voluntary, unlinked and anonymous. Each questionnaire and sam
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:381 (abstract no. W.C.3342)
Salmaso S, Fiume A, Forastiere F, Sasse H, Perucci C, Anemona A, Zampieri F, Brancato G, Abeni D, Rezza G; Istituto Superiore de Sanita, Rome, Italy
To describe current patterns of sexual and drug-related behaviors among intravenous drug users (IVDU) and compare behaviors of those in- and of those out-of-treatment, in four Italian cities. Subjects were recruited on the street and in different health facilities. Interviews of subjects were carrie
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:381 (abstract no. W.C.3341)
Gattari P, Zaccarelli M, Rezza G, Spizzichino L, Valenzi C, Pompili T, Lelli V; AIDS Unit and Drug Dependency Unit USL RM-11, Rome, Italy
To monitor the causes of death among injecting drug users (IDUs) undergoing methadone treatment in the two largest drug dependency units (DDUs) in Rome and to evaluate the influence of HIV infection on the mortality trends of this group. Information was collected on all IDUs, attending the two DDUs,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:381 (abstract no. W.C.3340)
Gruer LD, Cameron J, Elliott L; HIV and AIDS Resource Centre, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
Glasgow, UK, population 750,000, had an estimated 9,400 injecting drug users (IDUs) in 1989. HIV prevalence among IDUs tested in 1986-88 was 4% compared with an estimated 50% among IDUs in nearby Edinburgh. A hospital-based needle exchange opened in 1987 but in 1988 had only 60 attendances per month. Needles were other
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:380 (abstract no. W.C.3339)
Keller F, Schweitzer C, Schmitt MP, Schmitt C, Kirn A, Aubertin AM; I.N.S.E.R.M. U74, Laboratoire Commun U.L.P./Synthelabo, Strasbourg, France
Intravenous drug abusers constitute an important risk group for HIV infection. It is already known that opiates have immunosuppressive properties, but we were interested in ascertaining whether they also have a direct effect on the multiplication of the virus. Experiments were designed to study the replicati
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:380 (abstract no. W.C.3338)
Dres N, Mendez H, Fainboim T, Schroder J, Benetucci M, Lestrem MD; Hospital Francisco Javier Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Evaluate the presence of HBV, HDV and HCV markers in a population of HIV infected patients and its relation with risk factores. PATIENTS AND Between March and September 1990, we studied 164 consecutive patients with a previous diagnostic of HIV infection (average age: 25.4 with a range of 15-60 year
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:380 (abstract no. W.C.3337)
Mertins L, Brockmeyer WH, Mock M, Malessa R, Kreuzfelder E, Goos M; Dept. of dermatology, University of Esson, FRG
In a prior study, (AIFO, 1990, 5, 482-486) we observed a remarkable clinical and immunological improvement in i.v. drug addicted ARC and AIDS patients within 12 months after beginning a levomethadone maintenance therapy. In the present study we compared the natural history of HIV1-infection in intravenous dr
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:380 (abstract no. W.C.3336)
Coste J, Lemaire JM, Courouce AM, Courtois F, Reynes J, Tamalet C; Centre regional de Transfusion Sanguine, Montpellier, France
To determine the 1990 seroprevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies in intravenous drug users (IVDUs) living in Continental France . 1531 serum samples collected by 12 laboratories in different parts of the country were screened for HTLV-I/II antibodies by ELISA, kindly provided by Abbott-Confirma
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:379 (abstract no. W.C.3335)
Majori L, D'Agaro P, Dal Molin G, Busetti M, Andrian P, Comar M, Roscioli B, D'Adamo M, Pinna C, Chiarparin O; Institute of Hygiene, University of Trieste, Italy
Evaluation of the prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 infection among IVDUs in the Friuli Venezia-Giulia region, in relation to the main risk factors. 300 IVDUs from the provinces of Trieste and Udine were tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. Serological results were compared with the main behaviours at
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:379 (abstract no. W.C.3334)
Kurimura T, Yamada O, Ichimura H, Chiewsilp P, Petchclai B; Osaka University, Suita, Japan
HIV and HCV infections are spreading quickly among IVDU in Bangkok. To analyse the size of the problem in terms of prevalence of the infections and evaluation of the usefulness of antibody testing, blood specimens from IVDU in Bangkok were checked for antibodies to HIV and HCV as well as the presence of vira
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:379 (abstract no. W.C.3333)
Monheit B, Lewis V, Silvester C, Mottershed J, Mijch A; CARG National Study IVDU, Fairfield Hospital, Victoria, Australia
To compare knowledge, behaviour and HIV infection risk of injecting drug users (IVDUs) of heroin (H) with users of amphetamine (A). During 1989-90 as part of a multicenter study of IVDUs a Melbourne group of 356 was recruited. Of IVDUs recruited 50% were sought from current programmes. A research off
To estimate the association between sexual behaviours and previous knowledge of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IVDU). Cross-sectional design. Study population: IVDU recruited among drug centers attenders (198 subjects) or through out-reach programme (289 subjects). Serological status an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:378 (abstract no. W.C.3331)
LaGuardia K, Dieudonne I, Fullilove R, Lieberman D; The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
To examine the maternal risk factors for positive drug toxicologies (tox) in the urine of their neonates. In New York City, many mothers who do not seek prenatal care (PNC) are drug users who fear the loss of their newborn if drug abuse is suspected. We examined a sample of infants (n=148) born at T
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:378 (abstract no. W.C.3330)
Kidd S, Denham I, Gold J, Hayes P, Monheit B, Ross M, Kaldor J; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
To describe the HIV/AIDS epidemic among IDUs in Australia . Counts of newly-detected HIV infections and AIDS were obtained from reports to the National HIV Database and AIDS Registry, respectively. HIV seroprevalence data on IDU were obtained from drug treatment and referral programs, HIV testing ce
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:378 (abstract no. W.C.3329)
Tor J, Nuga K, Soriano I, Condon RJ, Jacas C, Sabria N; Infectious Diseases Unit and Microbiology Section, Barcelona, Spain
To determine the prevalence of HIV infection and seroconversion rates in a cohort of intravenous drug abusers (IDA) attended in a general hospital from the metropolitan area of Barcelona between January 1984 and July 1990. Patients. - Were included 1328 IDA, 1029 men and 299 women with a mean age of 24.8 yea
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:378 (abstract no. W.C.3328)
Zunzunegui MV, Romero JC, Estebanez P, Rua-Figueroa M; Centro Univeritario de Salud Publica, Madrid, Espana
To assess sexual, drug injecting behavior and HIV prevalence among drug injectors recruited in drug dealing areas in the city of Madrid during 1990. As a collaborating center of the WHO study on intravenous drug use (IVDU) and HIV infection we have recruited 238 IVDU in drug dealing spots in the stre
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:377 (abstract no. W.C.3327)
Kleyn JE, Day LE, Weis JG; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Self-report techniques are often used to determine the prevalence and incidence of specific types of sexual behaviors in populations at risk of contracting HIV. This study compares self-reports of intravenous drug users and their sexual partners. A sample of 191 monogamous couples composed of one in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:377 (abstract no. W.C.3326)
Calello M, Libonatti O, Boxaca M, Weissenbacher M; Argentine National Reference Center for AIDS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To determine HIV-1 seroprevalence in different groups of heterosexual intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) in Buenos Aires. From 1987 to 1990 a total of 1631 HIV-1 asymptomatic IVDA of both genders were enrolled. These individuals came from 8 different institutions and only those who stated they were het
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:377 (abstract no. W.C.3325)
Gates JR, Collado E, Budner NS, Schoenbaum EE; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
To evaluate modalities applied in searching for, locating, and maintaining regular periodic contact with greater than or equal to 450 highly mobile and socially marginal current and former IVDUs participating in a prospective study of HIV infection. During 6/95-4/86, 452 IVDUs in a long term methado
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:377 (abstract no. W.C.3324)
Hankins C, Lai-Tung MT, Gendron S, Cyr D, Charlebois AM, Lepine D, O'Shaughnessy M; Centre for AIDS Studies, Community Health Department, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
To describe characteristics, high risk behaviours, and HIV-1 infection rates of IDU attending the first needle exchange programs in Montreal, Canada . At a fixed site open from 2100-0400 hrs seven nights/week clients fill out an 8-item questionnaire. During one weekly 3-hour randomly chosen period,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:376 (abstract no. W.C.3323)
Ancelle Park R, Salamina G, Couturier E, Downs AM, Brunet JB; European Centre for the Epidemilogical Monitoring of AIDS, INSERM U13, Paris, France
To analyse characteristics and trends of AIDS cases among injecting drug users (IDUs) reported through the surveillance of AIDS in Europe. Standardized aggregate data on AIDS cases are collected from 32 countries of the European WHO Region. In addition, anonymous data on individual cases are availab
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:376 (abstract no. W.C.3322)
Chamot E, Hirschel B, de Saussure P, Deglon JJ, Perrin L; Hopital Cantonal et Universitaire, Geneve
We have shown in a cohort of IVDUs on a methadone maintenance program that HIV transmission diminished over time as a result of behavioural changes (AIDS 1990, Vol 4 p. 657-660). Here we compare the rate of seroconversions in the same cohort for viruses mainly transmitted by the iv route in IVDUs:
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:376 (abstract no. W.C.3321)
Dolan KA, Turnbull PJ, Stimson GV; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour London
To conduct first English (baseline) study of types and levels of prisoners HIV risk behaviours, pre, in and post prison and HIV prevalence. 452 ex-prisoners received structured interview in 3 months of release. Subjects recruited at probation offices, hostels and by networking. Quotas for injectors (
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:376 (abstract no. W.C.3320)
Metzger DS, Woody GE, Watkins KE, McLellan AT, O'Brien CP, Druley P, DePhilippis D, Williams J, Dyanick ST, Navaline H; Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
This research has assessed the risk behaviors and sero-conversion rates of 250 IVDUs in order to evaluate the effectiveness of methadone treatment in reducing HIV infection and transmission. Serologic assessments of HIV-1 and HTLV I-II were completed on 150 randomly selected in-treatment and 100 out-
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:375 (abstract no. W.C.3319)
Lugoboni F, Mezzelani P, Venturini L, Turrina G, Bricolo R; Centre for Drug Addicts - Bussolengo (Verona) - Italy
Because IVDUs are the major risk group (65%) for HIV infection in Italy , the extent to which they will comply with detoxification programs are critical for public health. Our objective is to evaluate among IVDUs the efficacy and the compliance to N treatment. Since November 1987 the Centre for Drug
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:375 (abstract no. W.C.3318)
Mezzelani P, Lugoboni F, Venturini L, Paoletto N, Des Jarlais DC; Institute of Clinica Medica - University of Verona, Italy
Since 1985 all Intravenous Drug Users (IVDUs) attending the Center for Drug Addicts of Bussolengo (Verona - Italy ) have been tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV); 142/385 (37%) were seronegative. The authors decided to carry out a campaign of vaccination. Aim of this study is to analyze the compliance with th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:375 (abstract no. W.C.3317)
Turrina G, Mezzelani P, Venturini L, Schiesari F, Lugoboni F; Institute of Clinica Medica - University of Verona, Italy
To study the incidence of HIV seroconversions in a cohort of i.v. drug users (IVDUs). In our Centre for Drug Addicts, HIV seronegative patients are tested for HIV every 6 months. We calculated the months of observation and a seroconversion index (seroconversion rate x 100 years of observation). RESU
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:375 (abstract no. W.C.3316)
Proietti F, Vlahov D, Taylor E, Alexander S, Hung CH, Cohn S, Saah AJ; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
To quantify association between HTLV and HIV in a population of intravenous drug users (IVDUs). 2,000 IVDUs recruited by extensive community outreach underwent serum collection and interview about drug use and sex practices. Sera were assayed by ELISA using a recombinant HTLV-1 transmembrane envelop
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:374 (abstract no. W.C.3315)
Del Mistro A, De Marzi L, Bandettini G, De Rossi A, Chieco-Bianchi L; Ist di Oncologia; Padova, Italy
To evaluate HIV-1, HTLV-I/II and HIV-2 seroprevalence in IVDA from a drug treatment center (group 1), and from IVDA (group 2) and non-IVDA (group 3) prisoners. Serum samples (collected from July 1, 1989 to date) were screened by ELISA kits; HIV-1 reactives were confirmed by Western blot (WB); HTLV-I
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:374 (abstract no. W.C.3314)
Pomeroy L, O'Connor J, Barry J; AIDS Resource Centre, Dublin, Ireland
To assess sexual behaviour and condom usage among a group of intravenous drug users (IVDU) attending a methadone programme in Dublin. The impact of HIV/AIDS on sexual behaviour is compared to the impact on needle using behaviour. Sixty IVDU attending a methadone programme in Dublin answered a questi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:374 (abstract no. W.C.3313)
Ferreira A, Fernandes E, Czeresnia I, Reale D, Ribas O, Macrae E, Abbud N, Grandi J; Reference and Training Center for Aids, State Ministery of Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: Since October, 1990 the intravenous drug users (IVDUs) became the most important group of Aids cases in Sao Paulo State. To determine through a systematic qualitative evaluation the main barriers of outreach workers (OWs) in order to improve the Aids prevention for IVDUs in Sao Paulo City. METH
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:374 (abstract no. W.C.3312)
Bruneau J, Brabant M, Lamothe F, Soto J, Vincelette J, Fauvel M; Universite de Montr\eal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
To monitor behavior changes among a non captive IDUs population followed over a period of nine months. In the setting of an ongoing prevalence and incidence study of HIV-1 infection among active IDUs in Montreal, voluntary participants are interviewed and asked to come back after 3 months and therea
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:373 (abstract no. W.C.3311)
Delgado-Iribarren A, Padilla B, Gomez Rodrigo J, Elviro J; Department of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganes. Madrid, Spain
We have analized the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in 95 intravenous drug abusers patients, whose mean age was 23.9 years (range 16-37), the distribution was 72 males (75.75%) and 23 females (24.25%). TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Of the overall tested patients, 66 out of (69.5%) had anti-HCV antibodies an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:373 (abstract no. W.C.3310)
Cardia MI, Magdaleno R Jr, Bellucci SB; Centro de Controle e Investigacao Imunologica, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
To understand why the partners of a intravenous drug s users don t adhere to a preventive practices. Psychologic avaliation of those women. Women of infected persons, as a defense mechanism, denial the possibility of contamination. They refuse to talk and even to think about the real health
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:373 (abstract no. W.C.3309)
Jain S, Flynn N, Anderson R, Bailey V, Sweha A; University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California USA
To determine whether an intensive HIV education/prevention and testing (EP&T) program has resulted in risk reduction among IVDU in a low seroprevalence community. IVDU attending drug treatment programs (DPTs) were enrolled in an HIV EP&T program based at UCD that began in 8/87 and is still i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:373 (abstract no. W.C.3308)
Anderson R, Flynn N, Jain S, Enders S, Bailey V, Wicks S; University of Calif., Davis, California, USA
Identify stated behavioral difference between SA & OA as captured by our questionnaire. Educational/behavioral questionnaires were administered to 548 IVDU at drug treatment programs (DTP) & a medical clinic in Sacto., CA from 9/89-12/90. 127 subjects named a stimulant (amphetamine-94, cocai
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:372 (abstract no. W.C.3307)
Roy E, Paradis M, Caron-Bouchard M; Centre for AIDS Studies, Departement de sante communautaire (DSC), Hopital general de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
To study the feasibility of group interventions using instructional games. The target group is the IDU population of a medium security prison for men. Prisoners are encouraged to sign up for two 2.5 hour group sessions. The approach is based on the following premises: 1) social norms are part of th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:372 (abstract no. W.C.3306)
Martindale CJ, Yamaguchi KJ, Cohn DL; Denver Disease Control Service, Denver, Colorado, USA
To assess the needs and plan program interventions for IVDUs in a city with a moderate incidence of AIDS and low HIV prevalence in IVDUs. Utilizing a rapid ethnographic method known as Community Identification (CID), 113 interviews were conducted with private (community based) and public (legal, hea
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:372 (abstract no. W.C.3305)
Fuchs WJ, Hornung R, Alvo K, Mueller T, Grob PJ, Kent C, Bernasconi S; Psychiatric University Hospital Zuerich, Switzerland
Prevention of HIV and Hepatitis B, C (HBV, HCV) virus infections in intravenous drug users (IVDU) and evaluation of used preventive strategies. Since 1989 the Zuerich Intervention Project Against AIDS in IVDUs (ZIPP-AIDS) has been working in the drug using scene of this city. It provides a needle ex
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:372 (abstract no. W.C.3304)
Chitwood DD, McCoy CB, Trapido EJ, Chitwood JS, Comerford M, Page JB; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
Describe the prevalence of crack use and sex risk behavior among a national sample of injecting drug users (IDUs) and sex partners (SPs) in the United States . 26,229 IDUs not in drug treatment and 3620 female SPs of IDUs were recruited into a multi-site national risk reduction project and answered a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:371 (abstract no. W.C.3303)
Wall TL, Costantini MF, Sorensen JL, Gibson DR; University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
To learn if a voucher distribution program brought high-risk injection drug users (IDUs) into treatment we examined differences between IDUs recruited by vouchers versus other referral sources and likelihood that previously untreated IDUs would return to treatment. Subjects were 1367 heroin addicts
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:371 (abstract no. W.C.3302)
Stein M, Leibman B, Carpenter C, Fisher A, Mayer K, Littell D; Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
To evaluate changes over time in clinical presentation and reasons for HIV testing among HIV-positive IVDU women. Analysis of 121 HIV positive IVDU women seen since 1/86 in Rhode Island, representing 90% of the state s newly seropositive IVDU women according to the RI Department of Health. We divide
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:371 (abstract no. W.C.3301)
Bowser B, Evans P, Hembry K, Coleman J, Gross S; Bayview-Hunter's Point Foundation, San Francisco, California, USA
To determine the relationship between demographic background and serostatus for out-of-treatment Black male injection drug users (IDUs). We reviewed interview data from IDUs, who were recruited on the streets and shooting galleries by street outreach workers between April and July 1989. Participants
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:371 (abstract no. W.C.3300)
Quart A, Budner NS, Torres R, Selwyn PA; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
To assess oral and dental status of IVDUs in a Bronx, N.Y. MMTP and to compare HIV+ and HIV- with respect to oral and dental disease. On-site dental examinations were available to MMTP patients who had oral or dental complaints. Patients were referred to an off-site clinic for dental procedures. HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:31 (abstract no. W.C.33)
Van de Perne P, Simonon A, Maellati P, Hitimana DG, Vaira D, Bazubegira A, Van Goethem C, Mukamabano B, Karita E, Sondag-Thull D, et al; AIDS Reference Laboratory, National AIDS Control Program, Kigali, Rwanda
Few reports mention possible postnatal mother-to-infant transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the frequency of, and the risk factors for, postnatal transmission of HIV-1 in 219 mother-infant pairs who were HIV-1 seronegative at de
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:370 (abstract no. W.C.3299)
DeHovitz J, Feldman J, Kelly P, Cordell J, Monto A, Bromberg J, Landesman S; SUNY-HSC, Brooklyn, NY
To assess associations between reported frequency of crack/cocaine (C/C) use, reproductive outcomes and STD s in sexually active non-IV drug using (IVDU) women in an area of high HIV prevalence. From April to November 1990, 146 non-IVDU, heterosexually active women of unknown HIV serostatus were enr
To examine the habits of drug-users (DU) with regard to addiction, sexuality and the effect of previous AIDS information as basis for working out new information material 1990/1991. Interviews with DU and the Copenhagen Narco-Police revealed a lack of supplementary information material. With this as
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:370 (abstract no. W.C.3297)
Fullilove R, Golden E, Fullilove M; HIV Center, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
To determine changes in the prevalence of drug use among high risk men and women at one year follow-up in a multi-ethnic cohort study. The AMEN study is a household survey of single adults in three high risk San Francisco neighborhoods. At one year follow-up, we asked 1,423 respondents (80% of the o
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:370 (abstract no. W.C.3296)
Guydish J, Clark G, Garcia D, Yee J, Case P, Jennings M, Greenspan JS, Hearst N; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UC San Francisco
This study employed laboratory methods to detect HIV antibodies in needles and syringes turned in to a needle exchange program. In laboratory pilot testing, 3 samples of known HIV positive blood were drawn into syringes and expelled. Syringes were dried for 1 week, flushed with 1 ml phosphate-buffere
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:369 (abstract no. W.C.3295)
Clark G, Garcia D, Guydish J, Case P; Prevention Point Research Group, San Francisco, CA, USA
To better understand the demographics and needle hygiene practices of injection drug using (IDUs) clients of an unsanctioned, community based, needle exchange (NE). A random sample of NE clients (N=50), drawn from a program that exchanges with approximately 650 clients a week, responded to a brief s
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:369 (abstract no. W.C.3294)
Abramowitz A, Guydish J, Woods W, Clark W; Community Substance Abuse Services (CSAS), DPH, San Francisco, CA, USA
To analyze trends in smokable cocaine (crack) use which is thought to be associated with higher risk of HIV infection. CSAS collected standard admission data on all clients entering drug treatment from 1986 to 1990. Chi square analyses compared admits from a six month period ending September 30, 198
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:369 (abstract no. W.C.3293)
Gachupin-Garcia A, Selwyn PA; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
To document the occurrence of non-AIDS-defining malignancies in a closely monitored population of IVDUs with and without HIV infection in a 900-patient MMTP. We conducted surveillance for all new cancer (Ca) cases from 7/85-9/90 at a NYC MMTP, site of a prospective cohort study of HIV infection sinc
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:369 (abstract no. W.C.3292)
Coyne P, Meadows J, Catalan J, Wells B; Riverside Health Authority, London, UK
To gather information about usage of condoms, reasons for non-usage, and factors associated with high risk behaviours and to use the data to create a more sensitive HIV health care intervention package for this client group. 100 attenders of a central London D.D.U. with high seroprevalence were surv
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:368 (abstract no. W.C.3291)
Hagan H, Des Jarlais DC, Purchase D, Reid TR, Friedman SR; Tacoma-Pierce Cty Health Dept., Tacoma, WA, USA
In evaluating syringe exchange (SE) programs as AIDS prevention and harm reduction for drug injectors, it is important to describe the behavior of individual users and to relate such programs to HIV and HBV transmission. SE-users were enrolled by systematic sampling at SE sites; intensive recruitmen
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:368 (abstract no. W.C.3290)
Ljungberg B, Christensson B; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
An HIV prevention program including syringe exchange for injecting drug users (IDUs) has been operating in the small university town of Lund since November 1986. The visits and the number of syringes and needles provided and returned were registered. All participants were interviewed regarding basic demographi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:368 (abstract no. W.C.3289)
Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou A, Kallinikos G, Rizos G, Richardson S; National Centre for AIDS, Athens, Greece
We investigated factors possibly responsible for the very low spread of HIV among Greek IDUs, (anti-HIV prevalence 2-4%). Interviews were completed and blood was drawn from 101 IDUs in-treatment and 100 who were out of treatment. Blood samples were tested by ELISA and confirmed by Western Blot. RESU
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:368 (abstract no. W.C.3288)
Van Haastrecht HJ, Van den Hoek JA, Mientjes GH, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Reconstructing the early course (before 1986) of the HIV-1 infection epidemic among injecting drug users (IDU s) in Amsterdam by estimating prevalence and incidence. Between December 1985 and October 1989, 627 drug users with a history of intravenous use entered an HIV-1 prevalence and risk factor s
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:367 (abstract no. W.C.3287)
Lima E, Bastos FI, Friedman SR; Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Atencao ao Uso de Drogas (NEPAD), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
To assess seroprevalence of HIV-1 and risk factors for infection among drug injectors recruited in street and treatment settings. To date, 97 IVDUs (69 street, 28 treatment; 81% male; mean age 28.3) have been interviewed using the questionnaire developed by the WHO multicity study. Bloods have been
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:367 (abstract no. W.C.3286)
Kaplan EH, O'Keefe E, Heimer R; Yale School of Organization and Management, New Haven, CT, USA
To evaluate New Haven s legal needle exchange program. HISTORY: The high prevalence of AIDS cases among IDUs in New Haven led a coalition of health professionals, community organizers, and AIDS activists to lobby for legal needle exchange. Such a law was passed by a 3-to-1 margin in the Connecticut legislatu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:367 (abstract no. W.C.3285)
Bongain A, Deville A, Cottalorda J, Baechler-Sadoul E, Gillet JY; Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Nice, France
OBJECTIVE AND To determine health and obstetrical outcomes associated with HIV-1 infection in pregnant women on the French Riviera. Women with antibody HIV+ were enrolled in the prenatal clinic at St. Roch Hospital, Nice, France . Detailed information on complications during pregnancy and health of the newborn
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:367 (abstract no. W.C.3284)
Gillet JY, Bongain A, Deville A, Baechler E, Cottalorda J; Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Nice, France
To better define the epidemiology of the association of HIV and pregnancy on the French Riviera, we studied 307 cases in a period of seven years. 264 women were enrolled between 1983 and 1990 at the time they presented a pregnancy with antibody HIV+. Detailed information on socio-economic factors, d
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:366 (abstract no. W.C.3283)
Mbugua GG, Muthami LN, Kimata JM, Maina JK, Oogo S, Waiyaki PG; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
To determine prevalence, distribution and risk factors attributable to spread of HIV infection among antenatal mothers in a Kenyan rural area. 549 antenatal mothers attending a dispensary in Kenya were screened for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:366 (abstract no. W.C.3282)
Davo N, Adjovi C, Zohoun I, Catraye J, Foundohou J, Josse R; National AIDS Programme
To determine the seroprevalence and monitor trends of HIV infection in three population groups. Consecutive sera were collected for HIV anonymous blood testing from prenatal clinics (3,755) STD patients (507) and TB patients (437). We present the results from February 1990 to September 1990. Sample
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:366 (abstract no. W.C.3281)
Coll O, Torne A, Martinez JM, Rebull E, Carrion A, Ercilla G, Cararach V; Department of Obstet/Gynecol and Pediatrics, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
The goal of our study is to assess HIV seroprevalence in our obstetrical population. The impact of the disease in our area and the need of HIV universal prenatal testing in non-risk groups will be evaluated. 763 consecutive women in labor underwent a standardized interview and were tested for HIV an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:366 (abstract no. W.C.3280)
Fortuny C, Coll O, Barrera JM, Jovani L, Torne A, Gil C, Jimenez R; Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona
To evaluate clinical and serological evolution of babies born from HIV infected mothers. MATERIAL AND The study includes a follow-up of 175 newborn infants from HIV seropositive mothers. Material risk factors of HIV infection included intravenous drug users (IVDU) (95%) and sex partner with IVDU (5%
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:365 (abstract no. W.C.3279)
Samdal HH, Nilsen O, Magnus P; National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
To describe and evaluate the results of three years of voluntary screening of pregnant women in Norway . Since 1987 all pregnant women in Norway are being screened for HIV-antibodies by ELISA technique. Western blot is used as a confirmatory test. Less than one in a thousand women refuses t
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:365 (abstract no. W.C.3278)
Lindgren S, Bohlin AB, Ottenblad C, Bottiger M, Arneborn M, Lidman K, Anzen B, Forsgren M; Depts of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Antenatal care in Sweden is uniformly organized, free of charge and visited by almost all pregnant women. For many years serological tests for rubella and syphilis have been routinely offered and well accepted. In 1987 the AIDS Committee of the Swedish Government recommended that antibody test for HIV-1 be added to the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:365 (abstract no. W.C.3277)
Tibaldi C, Palomba E, Ziarati N, Sciandra M, Gabiano C, Sinicco A; University of Turin
To identify maternal factors that may influence mother-to-child HIV1 transmission. 25 seropositive mothers and their children were prospectively studied. All women were tested at least once during pregnancy for CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin levels, and serum p24 free-antigen. CD
This study tries to evaluate and describe the disturbed processes and sequences of the main development areas in offspring of HIV(+) mothers. A sample of 23 HIV(+) children from 3 months to 2 years has been studied. The measurement instrument was Escala Observacional del Desarrollo (EOD) to evaluate
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:364 (abstract no. W.C.3275)
Emanuelli F, Ermiglia ML, Gabutti G, Gaino M, Yakubovich A, Melica F, Cuneo-Crovart P; Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Genoa, Italy
Surveillance of HIV infection in women, admitted to Ligurian Obstetric and Gynecology Departments for delivery or abortion, in order to detect trends in the spreading of this retrovirus. The seroprevalence study started in Liguria in 1990, since most of Obstetric and Gynecology Departments screened
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:364 (abstract no. W.C.3274)
Dabis F, Msellati P, Lepage P, Hitimana DG, De Bouver JL, Van de Perre P; INSERM U. 330, Universite de Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
HIV infection is highly prevalent in cities of Central Africa and could interfere with the recent policy of measles immunization at a young age. We studied the reactogenicity and the immunogenicity of the Edmonston-Zagreb (E-Z) strain of measles vaccine given at 6 months of age (M6) in Kigali,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:364 (abstract no. W.C.3273)
Schwarz G, Hemme A, Knorr B, Ohm G, Thelen H, Wagner W; Arbeitskreis zur Forderung von Pflegekindern E.V., Berlin, FRG
Even early on, after having identified the first vertically infected children, it was apparent that there were immense difficulties in caring for them. HIV-infection in the second generation of a family also causes a myriad of problems for the health care mechanisms. Under the auspices of the AIDS and Children pilot pr
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:364 (abstract no. W.C.3272)
Lo Presti E, Benedetto A, Giannini V, Gioia C, Girardi E, Ippolito G, Natili S, Puro V, Tossini G, Zaniratti S; S. Camillo Hospital
To determine seroprevalences of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in women of reproductive age. One-thousand-seventy-four women consecutively attending our centre for delivery (n. 397), spontaneous abortus (n. 37), voluntary interruption of pregnancy (n. 566) and prenatal care (n. 74) were tested after in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:363 (abstract no. W.C.3271)
Bucceri A, Brescianini C, Canestrari A, Ferraris G, Cossu M, Rancilio L, Polgiani L; Centro Assistenza Gravide TD e Loro Nati, USSL 75/1, Milano
We want to evaluate whether changes in maternal risk factors for HIV infection occurred in the last years. For this purpose pregnant patients have been followed between January 1st, 1985 and December 31st 1990 at our center. The presence of anti-HIV antibodies in 325 pregnant women at risk for HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:363 (abstract no. W.C.3270)
Weil-Halpern F, Cremieux N, Bockenmeyer J; Unite d'Immunologie et d'Hematologie, Hopital des Enfants-Malades, 149. rue de Sevres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
A growing number of young HIV(+) women knowing the risk for themselves and for the becoming child (HIV infection, AIDS, death, increasing number of orphans, psychosocial morbidity, social cost, etc.), start and pursue pregnancy. OBJECTIVES. Finding a message of prevention which can be understood, integrated to allow yo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:363 (abstract no. W.C.3269)
Caldwell B, Mascola L, Cooper B, Thomas P, Hsu HW, Maldonado Y, Parrott R, Oxtoby M; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
To describe children born to HIV-infected women. In 1/89 active surveillance for living children less than 13 years of age infected with HIV or born to infected mothers was established in 6 study sites. Medical record review is done at 6-month intervals. As of 12/31/90, 1,684 children born
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:363 (abstract no. W.C.3268)
Conway GA, Hayman CR, Munn VP, Satten GA, Miller CA, Miller KS, Frey RL, St Louis ME, Petersen LR, Dondero TJ; Centers for Dicease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To determine HIV trends in out-of-school and underemployed youth by monitoring HIV prevalence in students entering the U.S. Job Corps (JC), a national basic education and job-training program. Data from routine HIV-1 screening of 47,874 female and 110,855 male 16-21 year old entrants to JC residenti
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:362 (abstract no. W.C.3267)
Clerici-Schoeller M, Plebani A, Bardare M, Zehender G, Capelli C, Zanetti AR; 1st Pediatric Clinic, University of Milan
Since 1986 we have initiated a study on vertical transmission of HIV which has included 68 babies (33 males and 35 females, mean age 44.7 months). The mean follow-up time is at present 33.6 months. The frequency of mother to child transmission of HIV infection was found to be 25%, in agreement with recent reports. We h
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:362 (abstract no. W.C.3266)
Grund C, Pauli G, Schafer A; AIDS-Zentum des BGA, Berlin
The aim was to evaluate parameters as predictive values in respect to intrauterine transmission of HIV. We studied the number of lymphocytes and CD4+ cells, Neopterin levels, anti p24- and neutralizing antibodies in HIV-infected women during pregnancy. 80 women were followed for varying times befor
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:362 (abstract no. W.C.3265)
Scarlatti G, Plebani A, Albert J, Marchisio P, Ferraris G, Fenyo EM, Rossi P; Dept. of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
To study if PCR and HIV isolation reveal additional cases of pediatric HIV infection. To identify maternal factors which correlate to the risk of vertical transmission of HIV-1. Detection of HIV-1 was attempted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation and antigen-assay (Ag) in 87 children
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:362 (abstract no. W.C.3264)
Ndinya-Achola JO, Datta P, Embree J, Kreiss JK, Maitha GM, Plummer FA; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
To determine the change in SP in HIV-1 infection in a group representative of the general population, as a means of monitoring the HIV-1 epidemic in Nairobi. Randomly selected women in labour attending a major obstetrical hospital were sampled daily, beginning in January 1986 and continuing through
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:361 (abstract no. W.C.3263)
Allain JP, Matthews T, Coombs R, Lambert J, Wara D, Devash Y, Burchett S, Bryson Y; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL
Evaluate the efficacy of several serological assays in predicting HIV transmission from infected mothers to infants. Antibody to HIV structural proteins were detected by Western blot and semi-quantified with a dot immunoblot assay (MATRIX). Antibody to HTLV-III B V3 loop peptide C51, 53, 57, 58 were
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:361 (abstract no. W.C.3262)
Hom D, Guay L, Mmiro F, Ndugwa C, Goldfarb J, Olness K; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
To determine the proportion of women infected with HIV-1 among patients attending a prenatal clinic in Kampala, Uganda . Women of unknown HIV-serologic status being seen at a prenatal clinic in Mulago Hospital, Kampala were screened for recruitment in an on-going study of natural history of HIV infe
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:361 (abstract no. W.C.3261)
Paone D, Chavkin W; Chemical Dependency Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
To decrease the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission by women using crack/cocaine by tailoring drug treatment to their needs. Structured interviews were conducted with 146 crack/cocaine-using women in New York City to ascertain drug use, drug history, drug treatment, AIDS risk behaviors and repr
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:361 (abstract no. W.C.3260)
Chavkin W, Paone D; Chemical Dependency Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center New York, NY, USA
To reduce the risk of HIV infection for crack/cocaine-using women by tailoring drug treatment to respond to their histories of sexual abuse. The study employed a triangulated design in order to develop guidelines to construct a model program for crack/cocaine-using women. The first study component i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:360 (abstract no. W.C.3259)
Muenz L, Durako S, Stephan J, Mendez H, Willoughby A, Landesman S, Rubinstein A; WESTAT, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
To understand the natural history of pediatric HIV, we compare growth in infected children (I), uninfected children of HIV-positive women (S), and uninfected controls (U). Growth may be affected by therapy in utero or afterward, thus we also wish to provide growth curves to help monitor treated children. MET
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:360 (abstract no. W.C.3258)
Morales E, Clark W, Faryna E, Jenkins J, Cantu C, Morales L, Truso T, Romero J, Graham J, Hawkins C, et al; California School of Professional Psychology, Berkeley/Alameda, CA, USA
OBJECTIVE. The purposes were to estimate prevalence and determine relationships of substance abuse, behavioral intention, and AIDS knowledge, attitudes and beliefs among African American and Latino/a adolescents. METHODS. Two surveys, using self-administered questionnaires, were conducted during the summers of 1989 (n=
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:360 (abstract no. W.C.3257)
Durate G, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Feres MC, Quintana SM, Costa JC, Mota MC, Rossi IA; Hospital of Clinics of Medicine Faculty of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
1. To determine, in a prospective way, the seropositivity for HIV antibody in parturients cared for at Hospital of Clinics of Medicine Faculty of Ribeirao Preto - University of Sao Paulo. 2. To identify the risk factors for the transmission of HIV and the restriction of information to characterize them. 3. T
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:360 (abstract no. W.C.3256)
Anonymous;
To characterize the sociodemographic, risk behavior and clinical status of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women enrolled into the WITS during 1990. HIV seropositive pregnant women visiting collaborating prenatal clinics in New York City, Chicago, Boston, Worcester and San Juan were invited to particip
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:359 (abstract no. W.C.3255)
Novello AC; US Public Health Service, Washington, DC, USA
To critically examine the needed elements for comprehensive care for children with HIV infection and to describe the requisite programmatic mechanisms that would ensure close coordination of services. The constituent agencies of the PHS Panel on Women, Adolescents, and Children with HIV infection an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:359 (abstract no. W.C.3254)
Michelozzi P, Perucci CA, Montiroli P, Bertollini R, Miceli M, Arca M; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
To estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among women at the term of pregnancy; to detect time trend of seroprevalence among women of fertile age. Since April 1989 HIV testing is routinely performed at hospital admission on all women entering for delivery (D), voluntary abortion (VA) or spontaneo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:359 (abstract no. W.C.3253)
Frederick T, Mascola L, Eller A, O'Neil L, Wilson M, Caldwell B; Los Angeles (LA County Dept. of Health Services)
To estimate the proportion of all perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) in Los Angeles County (LAC) that is recognized and reported to an active surveillance system. Active pediatric HIV-1 surveillance began in LAC in 3/88. Death certificates are routinely reviewed and ho
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:359 (abstract no. W.C.3252)
Zadi F, Diallo M, Sassan MM, Ackah AN, N'Gbichi JM, De Cock KM; Project RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
(1) To assess rates of serologic concordance between HIV-1- and HIV-2-reactive mothers and their children; (2) to compare pregnancy outcome and child survival in HIV-1 and HIV-2-reactive mothers. Women patients (hospital and tuberculosis clinic) and spouses of male patients were questioned about ob
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:358 (abstract no. W.C.3251)
Mokwa K, Batter V, Behets F, Laga M, Edidi M, Lebughe J, St Louis M, Brown C, Heyward W, Quinn T; Projet SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire
To evaluate the prevalence of STD in childbearing women of different socioeconomic status (SES) in Kinshasa, Zaire . Of 8,521 pregnant women tested for HIV, a subset of 1,857 were screened for STDs at 6 geographically dispersed medical centers using RPR and TPHA for syphilis, EIA of endocervical swa
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:358 (abstract no. W.C.3250)
Soeiro R, Rashbaum WK, Rubinstein A, Lyman WD; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
To determine the frequency of HIV-1 infection of human fetuses (HIV-DNA) in abortus tissues obtained from HIV(+) pregnant women. Elective pregnancy termination of 24 second trimester seropositive women was accomplished by dilatation and extraction. The intact fetus was delivered, surface sterilized,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:358 (abstract no. W.C.3249)
Bulfamante G, Muggiasca L, Conti M, Ravizza M, Pardi G, Zuccotti G, Giovannini M, Marchisio P, Principi N, D'Arminio A, et al; II Dept. of Path., University of Milan, Italy
To evaluate the incidence of morphological changes in the placentae (pl) of HIV pos. pregnancies and their possible relation to HIV vertical transmission. 91 term pl. of HIV pos. pregnancies and 100 term pl. of normal controls were examined histologically. Chorionamnionitis (CA), endarteritis oblite
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:358 (abstract no. W.C.3248)
Gomez Carrillo M, Libonatti O, Hodara V, Martinez Peralta L, Boxaca M, Weissenbacher M; Argentine National Reference Center for AIDS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To determine HIV 1 infection in children born to HIV 1 positive mothers using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A group of 24 infants born to HIV 1 positive mothers were followed up from 1988 to 1990. Clinical, immunological and serological (Western blot = WB) studies were performed. In all infants P
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:357 (abstract no. W.C.3247)
Rudin C, Lauper U, Biedermann K; Children's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
On July 31st, 1990, the cumulative number of known children born to HIV infected mothers in Switzerland was 286. According to data of the National Neonatal HIV Study the diagnosis of HIV infection was made in 70% of the mothers during pregnancy or at birth. For that reason a complementary study was designed
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:357 (abstract no. W.C.3246)
Couturier E, Larsen C, Brossard Y, Henrion R, Brunet JB; European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, Paris
To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in childbearing women at outcome of pregnancy (deliveries, abortions, ectopic pregnancies) in all medical settings in the Paris area. Sampling was exhaustive for both the women and the medical settings (public and private) during a 4-week period. For each
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:357 (abstract no. W.C.3245)
Palumbo P, Allain JP, Delaney S, Bardeguez A, Connor E; UMDNJ and Childrens' Hospital of NJ, Newark, NJ, USA
To examine the significance of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the following populations: (1) HIV-infected children (with unexplained hepatitis); (2) HIV high risk or infected pregnant women; and (3) infants born to HIV+ mothers. Detection of HCV antibody was performed by commercial ELISA (C-100 antigen)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:357 (abstract no. W.C.3244)
Kamenga M, Manzila T, Behets F, Oxtoby M, Brown C, Sulu M, Nelson AM, Edidi B, Batter V, Davachi F, et al; Projet SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire
To evaluate the effects of maternal HIV infection, STDs, and other factors on low birth weight (LBW). 350 HIV-infected and 280 uninfected women from Kinshasa in a study of perinatal HIV infection were examined for clinical HIV disease; culture, serology, and Chlamydiazyme for STDs; placental cultur
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:356 (abstract no. W.C.3243)
Bjarnadottir R, Chien P, Ghosh S, Turnbull W, Brookes E, Smith R, Urquhart G, Patel N; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
To demonstrate decline of Hepatitis B infection but increasing HIV infection in an antenatal population. A retrospective analysis of new cases with markers of Hepatitis B infection in a routinely screened antenatal population from 1971, compared to screening the same population for new cases of HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:356 (abstract no. W.C.3242)
Salvaggio L, Zanchetta N, Re M, Salvaggio A, Albano A, Pianetti A, Brandi G; University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Milan is the city with the highest AIDS incidence in Italy . B 31 December 1989, a total of 532 cases has been reported (35.9 per 100,000 population), of which 8 were paediatric cases attributed to vertical transmission from infected mothers. However, data on HIV-1 infection prevalence in pregnant women (and
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:356 (abstract no. W.C.3241)
Gabiano C, Tovo PA, de Martino M, Galli L; Italian Multicentre Study
To estimate the risk of mother-to-offspring HIV-1 transmission and the influence of possible interfering factors. The HIV-1 transmission rate was evaluated in 342 first children (excluding twins), identified at birth and older than 18 months of age, out of 1495 children born to seropositive mothers
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:356 (abstract no. W.C.3240)
Tovo PA, de Martino M, Gabiano C, Galli L; Italian Multicentre Study
To estimate survival in children who perinatally acquire infection from the mother and compare it to that of children infected later through administration of blood products. Survival was assessed by Cox s regression model in a cohort of 414 seropositive infected children (out of 1493 born to HIV-1-
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:355 (abstract no. W.C.3239)
Johnstone FD, MacCallum LR, Brettle RP, Hamilton BA, Peutherer J, Burns SM, Gore SM; Obstetrics Dpt, University
To assess the effect of HIV infection on pregnancy. A population based study of all known pregnant women with injection drug use (IDU) and sexual contact is ongoing. Serostatus during pregnancy determines 2 groups (HIV +ve; HIV -ve). Additional controls are women with no IDU, individually matched fo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:355 (abstract no. W.C.3238)
MacCallum LR, Johnstone FD, Brettle RP, Hamilton BA, Peutherer J, Burns SM, Gore S; Regional IDU, City Hospital
To assess the effect of HIV infection on infectious complications during pregnancy. A population based study of all known pregnant women with injection drug use (IDU) and sexual contact identified with these risk features is ongoing. Serostatus during pregnancy determines 2 groups (HIV +ve; HIV -ve)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:355 (abstract no. W.C.3237)
Hague RA, Mok JY, MacCallum L, Burns S, Yap PL; Infectious Diseases Unit, City Hospital, Edinburgh
To determine whether clinical or laboratory parameters in HIV seropositive women influence the risk of transmission of HIV to their offspring. 58 HIV seropositive mothers of 69 children (3 pairs of twins, 6 sibling pairs and 1 sibship of 3) were followed for a median of 4 years (range 0.5 - 7 years)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:355 (abstract no. W.C.3236)
Sankari SS, Solomon S; Medical University, Madras, India
To understand the pattern of HIV infections among women attendees of single antenatal/infertility clinic in Madras over a three year period. The author undertook HIV serology testing of women attending the antenatal/infertility outpatient clinic at the Govt. KGH in Madras, which has an average attend
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:354 (abstract no. W.C.3235)
Mazzarello G, Canessa A, Melica F, Carrega G, Terragna A; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa, Italy
To evaluate whether pregnancy can negatively affect the clinical course of HIV infection. We studied 32 pregnant women as assessed by W.R. staging classification. They had a mean age of 25 yr., an average follow-up of 41 mo. (range 14-64 mo.). As control group we carefully selected 32 HIV females ha
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:354 (abstract no. W.C.3234)
Bulterys M, Chao A, Kurawige JB, Munyemana S, Mbarutso E, Mukantabana S, Kageruka M, Nawrocki P, Mukafaranswa B, Dushimimana A, et al; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
To compare infant body measures, placenta size, and perinatal mortality in HIV-1 seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) women. Out of 2560 women screened at 4 prenatal clinics in the mostly rural Butare Region, 120 SP and 170 SN women were randomly selected and enrolled in an on-going cohort study
To compare T-helper (CD4) and T-suppressor (CD8) lymphocyte measurements in late pregnancy and post-partum SP and SN women. Blood samples were obtained from 149 third trimester (3T) women attending a large urban hospital in Malawi for prenatal care and from 215 post-partum (PP) (6 weeks to 6 months)
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:354 (abstract no. W.C.3232)
Veneruso G, de Martino M, Lega L, Galli L, Peruzzi M, Vierucci A; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Italy
This study was carried out to evaluate the risk of late and casual diagnosis (patients admitted for apparently common diseases) of perinatal HIV-1 infection when mothers are unaware of being infected. HIV-1 mothers risk factor(s) were investigated in 67 consecutive children followed at the Clinical
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:353 (abstract no. W.C.3231)
Tindvebwa D, Friesen H, Naamara W, George R, Downing R, Allen D, Tembo G; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
To develop a clinical paediatric AIDS case definition - to improve diagnosis and management of children with HIV infection/AIDS - to improve paediatric AIDS case reporting. METHODOLOGY: All children less than 60 months of age admitted to 16 hospitals were eligible for inclusion in this cross sectional surve
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:353 (abstract no. W.C.3229)
Evans NL, Blaise P; Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
To determine the effectiveness of an HIV education program for early adolescents in increasing 1) comfort level around people with HIV and AIDS, 2) intention to follow safe sex guidelines, and 3) knowledge regarding HIV transmission. In this pilot study pre and posttests were administered to a conven
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:353 (abstract no. W.C.3228)
Carcassi C, Chiappe F, Lecca U, Porcella R, Arras M, Goddi F, Sau V, Boero R, Floris L, Pintus A, et al; Chair of Medical Genetics, Institute of Neonatal Pathology, University of Cagliari, Italy
In 9 pregnant women, already undergoing therapy with zidovudine to treat HIV infection, we had the opportunity to evaluate the effects of zidovudine with particular regard to: 1) eventual teratogenicity, 2) the vertical transmission rate of infection. 9 infants were analysed, all born from HIV-1 pos
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:352 (abstract no. W.C.3227)
Pivnick A, Jacobson A, Eric K, Mulvihill M, Hsu MA, Drucker E; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
To examine the influence of personal, social and cultural factors, in particular continuity of mother/child co-residence, on reproductive decisions among HIV positive, drug using women. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 50 HIV (+) women of child bearing age enrolled in a methadone m
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:352 (abstract no. W.C.3226)
Boue F, Goujard C, Pons JC, Chambrin V, Lazizi M, Dormont J, Delfraissy JF; Service de Medecine Interne, Immuno-virologie et gynecologie. Hopital Antoine Beclere - 92 140 Clamart - France
To determine if the infection of HIV+ pregnant women by hepatitis C virus (HCV) modifies the rate of materno-foetal transmission of HIV. From 1985 to 1990, we followed 148 HIV+ pregnant women and their off spring. During pregnancy, clinical and immunological status of mothers were sequentially evalu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:352 (abstract no. W.C.3225)
Cattaneo E, Mori L, Zella D, Sala M, Achilli G, Maccabruni A, Dei Cas A, Casoli C, Ferrante P, Bertazzoni U; Ist. Mal. Inf., IRCCS Policl. S.Matteo, Pavia
Comparison of virus isolation, PCR, antigenemia and WB results for an early detection of HIV-1 children born to seropositive mothers. Patients: 47 children born to HIV-1 infected mothers, aged 1 week to 82 mo. Clinical status: CDC classification, 1987. Virus isolation: RT positivity of PBMC cultures
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:352 (abstract no. W.C.3224)
Longo I, Flores PO, Mendes N, Camano L, Lindsey PC, Nunez G, Hernandez HJ, Oliver WR, Arantes H, Peixinho Z; Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies among women in a public maternity hospital located at the inner-city area of Sao Paulo, Brazil . From May to November, 1990, a seroprevalence study (using recombinant EIA screening and confirmed by synthetic peptide EIA) was conducted in 405 volunteer
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:351 (abstract no. W.C.3223)
Kennedy KI, Visness CM, Rogan WJ; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that women who are HIV+ should not breastfeed. However, the risk of transmitting HIV through breastmilk is not known, and there is evidence that breastfeeding (BF) protects against certain preventable causes of post-neonatal infant death. The purpose of this r
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:351 (abstract no. W.C.3222)
Gregg R, Hanson M, Wood J, Wier M, Rasmusson P, Huber K, Senn D; Pharmacia Diagnostics Inc., Columbia, MD, USA
To evaluate the specificity of the Pharmacia Combi HIV-1/HBsAg ELISA System (Combi System), which consists of the Combi ELISA, a combination screening assay for the detection of HIV-1 antibody and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and the Combi-ID for the identification of which analyte is reacting in the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:351 (abstract no. W.C.3220)
Sanchez G, Mora J, Ramirez E, Soto G; Centro de Referencia de SIDA (CNRS), Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile
To compare the results obtained by conventional algorithm utilized in the CNRS with others based in rapid techniques for HIV diagnosis. 331 sera were analyzed by conventional algorithm used in the CNRS based in screening with two different ELISA tests and confirmation with immunofluorescence techni
To compare non-isotopic and 32P labeled probe hybridization assays for the detection of PCR-amplified products. To develop a rapid, highly sensitive analyte-specific microplate hybridization assay format. DNAs from: a) 31 seropositive patients at different stages post infection, b) 19 seronegative i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:350 (abstract no. W.C.3217)
Sanjuan A, Quesneau Y, Delagneau JF; Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-la-Coquette, France
Multimeric forms of HIV1 or HIV2 transmembrane protein (TMP) have been identified on Western Blot (WB) strips developed with monoclonal antibodies. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the value of TMP multimers as target antigens in HIV antibody detection in comparison with the monomeric TMP f
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:350 (abstract no. W.C.3216)
Bettinger S, Martin j, Herranen A, Somme G; Clonatec, Paris, France
Unscreened blood transfusions remain a major mode of HIV transmission in countries where the seroprevalence of HIV infection is high and where equipment is lacking. In these countries, in emergency situations or in laboratories where small series are tested, rapid assays are suited since they are instrument
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:349 (abstract no. W.C.3215)
Malliaraki N, Smirlaki M, Fountouli P, Karvela-Agelakis A, Liakoy K, Tsatsaki D, Malliaraki-Pinetidou E, Georgoulias V; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Iraklion, Greece
To evaluate the specificity of anti-gag antibodies detected during the screening of HIV infection and to define the infectious status of these subjects. Specificity of anti-gag HIV antibodies was determined by reactivity on recombinant p24 and gp41 protein (Ortho and Inno-lia) as well as to p24 syn
During clinical trials performed at 4 different sites we evaluated a new enzyme immunoassay for simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV 1 and/or HIV 2. The assay is based on the indirect test principle. Briefly: HIV specific antibodies present in the sample bind to immobilized synthetic peptides representing epitop
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:349 (abstract no. W.C.3213)
Stramer SL, Mitten CJ, Mathieu MB, Shenaut JL, Alcalade X, Allain JP, Schable CA, Schumacher RT; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
To demonstrate the use of a combination HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody assay for use with serum/plasma, dried blood spots and urine. The current FDA licensed Abbott HIV-1 EIA (viral) has been amended by the addition of an HIV-2 envelope recombinant protein. HIV-1 sensitivity was determined by testing early HI
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:349 (abstract no. W.C.3212)
Schupbach J, Tomasik Z, Boni J, Jendis J, Seger R, Kind C; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, Swiss Federal Office of Health and University of Zurich
To assess the value of HIV-specific IgM and IgA in comparison to virus culture (VC) and PCR. Western blot methods for the differentiation of HIV- or IgG-reactive IgM and IgA which involve comparative testing before and after removal of maternal IgG with protein G-Sepharose (Schupbach et al. AIDS 198
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:348 (abstract no. W.C.3211)
Gabutti G, Bo A, Cardona E, Gallo M, Grillo M, Marchetto E, Cuneo-Crovari P; Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy
Evaluation of validity indexes of some commercial tests for the detection of anti-HIV antibodies. We used a panel opportunely selected, composed of 104 sera stored in glass vials at -20 degrees C till use. In order to discriminate positive samples and negative ones, two commercial Western Blot, (W.B
Both newly developed enzyme immunoassays were evaluated at 3 clinical sites. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the diagnostic efficiency in both detection of and differentiation between antibodies directed against HIV 1 or HIV 2. For Enzygnost Anti-HIV 1 (Behringwerke AG, Marburg, Germany ) which is based on
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:348 (abstract no. W.C.3209)
Gueye A, Kanki P, Samuels K, M'Boup S, Marlink R, Papas T, Essex M; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
To evaluate the utility of various serologic markers for use in distinguishing HIV-1 from HIV-2 infection. These included recombinant expressed env peptides from HIV-1 and HIV-2, and recombinant-expressed vpx and vpu proteins, the unique gene products of HIV-2 and HIV-1, respectively. Serum samples
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:348 (abstract no. W.C.3208)
Rodriguez-Iglesias M, Mira J, Garcia-Valdivia MS, Gutierrez MC, Alvarez JR, Jesus I; H.U. Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, Spain
The disappearance of P24 antigenemia in the HIV infection can be possible by the presence of P24 antigen immuno complexes. In this work we have studied the effects that produce an acid treatment before using a standard HIV P24 antigen ELISA, to obtain the breakage of these immuno complexes. A total of 152 sera were col
To evaluate the interpretation of the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot (WB) as alternative tests in the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Sera from 864 individuals of a mixed low risk/high risk population from different regions of Brazil were analysed by HIV-1 ELISA using whole virus (Gen
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:347 (abstract no. W.C.3206)
Juarez-Figueroa L, Estrada C, Piedras J, Herrera F; Centro Nacional de la Transfusion Sanguinea (CNTS), Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
To verify the proficiency of 165 laboratories in blood centers and blood banks in charge of anti-HIV-1 screening of blood units, to assure the safety of blood supply. Laboratories participating in the CNTS Model Performance Evaluation Program since July 1989 furnished EIA and/or passive aglutination
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:347 (abstract no. W.C.3205)
Moreno R, Mejia AM, Herrera F; Centro Nacional de la Transfusion Sanguinea, Ministery of Health, Mexico
Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity and the cost-benefit of two consecutive HIV-1 screening tests, in the national reference laboratory in Mexico . During 1990, 2,924 sera were sent for confirmation of HIV-1 infection. A second passive aglutination screening test (Serodia) was performed in all
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:347 (abstract no. W.C.3204)
Orsolini P, Soldini L, Gulminetti R, Razzini E, Chiapparoli L, Cereda PM, Filice G; Institute of Infectious Diseases - IRCCS Pol.S.Matteo, Pavia, Italy
We have developed two immunoassay systems, one designed HIV(p24, p66, gp41) ELISA that use as antigens the immuno-dominant epitopes opportunely mixed from each of three major groups of HIV-1 proteins, the core (p24), the pol (p66) and the env (gp41) gene, and the other immunoassay system consisting of four separate ELI
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:346 (abstract no. W.C.3203)
Gulminetti R, Soldini L, Campisi D, Orsolini P, Razzini E, Filice G; Institute of Infectious Diseases - IRCCS Pol.S.Matteo, Pavia, Italy
Sera from various populations of subjects, including patients with AIDS and ARC, drug addicts seropositive for HIV and healthy blood donors were screened with standard ELISA and HIV(env)ELISA. In the present study 80 specimens from patients with AIDS, 60 specimens from patients with ARC were positive by HIV(env)ELISA a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:346 (abstract no. W.C.3202)
Hannon WH, Lewis S, Redus M, George R, Gwinn M; Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
We have two goals: 1) to monitor the performance of the 39 U.S. newborn screening laboratories (covering 95% of all U.S. births) in analyzing residual dried blood spots (DBS) as part of a national blinded survey of HIV seroprevalence among childbearing women; and 2) to provide analytical support for the vali
To evaluate the performance in U.S. laboratories of T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping (TLI) in support of early HIV-1 intervention and prevention. Laboratories participating in the Centers for Disease Control s Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) furnished results after testing performance eval
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:346 (abstract no. W.C.3200)
Hearn T, Valdiserri RO, Johnson CA, Hancock JS, Schwartz RE, Gerber AR; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
To examine associations between laboratory personnel parameters and measures of HIV-1 antibody testing quality. Univariate analyses were performed to assess associations between both analytic and nonanalytic quality measures, e.g., the number of correct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results for performan
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:345 (abstract no. W.C.3199)
Taylor Rn, Cross GD, Blumer SO, Gerber AR, Schalla WO, Hearn TL; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
The Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) assay is a supplemental test used to detect antibodies to HIV-1. In 1986, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented a Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) to evaluate the performance of laboratories doing AIDS-related testing, identify problems in testing,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:345 (abstract no. W.C.3198)
Cross GD, Schalla WO, Blumer SO, Taylor RN, Gerber AR, Hearn TL, Valdiserri RO; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is a routinely used screening test to detect the presence of antibodies directed against HIV-1. A performance evaluation program at CDC was implemented to evaluate the quality of performance of laboratories testing for HIV-1 antibody and to identify problems that occur during the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:345 (abstract no. W.C.3197)
Schalla W, Cross GD, Blumer SO, Hancock JS, Gerber AR, Muir HW, Hearn TL; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
The Western blot (WB) test is used as a supplemental test to confirm the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 after screening tests have been performed on clinical specimens and blood for donation. In 1986, a performance evaluation program was implemented to evaluate the performance of laboratories that test for
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:345 (abstract no. W.C.3196)
Hawley P, Wiack M; Whitman-Walker Clinic, Washington, DC, USA
Blood donations for transfusion are screened for viral markers including antibody against HIV-1 and surface antigen of hepatitis B (HBsAg). This study evaluates a new product which combines these two measurements into one assay, the Pharmacia Combi HIV-1/HBsAg System, Pharmacia Diagnostics Inc., Columbia, MD
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:344 (abstract no. W.C.3195)
McCreedy B, Callaway T, Lell J, Chimera J, Mayer K; Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
In order to determine the utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of HIV-1 infection, studies were performed in patient populations with different risk factors for disease. Blood specimens were obtained from two high risk cohorts (i.v. drug users/partners; gay men/partners) enro
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:344 (abstract no. W.C.3194)
George JR, Holloman D, Fridlund C, Brattagaard K, Schochetman G, De Cock K, Gayle H, Rayfield M, Brown V, Granade T, et al; CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
To develop a sensitive Western blot (WB) assay that would distinguish as HIV-1 or -2 sera that are dually reactive by commercial Western blots. Western blot assays were prepared using viral lysate antigens in which all of the oligomeric forms of the env glycoproteins had been reduced to the monomeri
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:344 (abstract no. W.C.3193)
Parekh B, Pau C, Granade T, Schochetman G, Rayfield M, De Cock K, Gayle H, George J; CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
To determine the structural and immunologic properties of HIV-2 glycoproteins. HIV-2 proteins from four viral strains were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose. Proteins were detected using monospecific and monoclonal antibodies as well as human anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 sera. RES
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:344 (abstract no. W.C.3192)
Hardy CT, Damrow T, Kenny G; Department Pathobiology, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
The kits commonly used for detection of human serum antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA s) use partially purified virus from cell culture lysates. If the viral lysates have different proportions of each polypeptide, the kits may vary their measurement of antibodies to the major polypeptides. We comp
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:343 (abstract no. W.C.3191)
Maitha GM, Bwayo J, Mwiti K, Plummer FA, Ndinya-Achola JO, Ombette J; U. of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Confirming all positive HIV-1 screening test results is expensive and cumbersome. We evaluated the operational characteristics of using 2 enzyme linked immunoassasy (ELISA) tests as an alternative to the standard single ELISA with confirmation by Western blot (WB). Organon Teknika s Vironostika vira
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:343 (abstract no. W.C.3190)
Vardinon N, Burke M, Vansover A, Yust I; Tel Aviv Medical Center, Israel
To determine the pattern and prevalence of Indeterminate Western Blots (IWB) in various risk-behavior groups in Greater Tel Aviv. 331 IVDU, 564 homo/bisexuals (H/B) and 244 dialysis patients (DP) were evaluated by EIA (Pasteur, Organon-Teknika & Virgo). All positive sera were retested by Western
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:343 (abstract no. W.C.3189)
Lauria C, Sa Ferreira JA, Ferreira AG, Lima DB, Vanderborght BO, Pinto ME, Peralta JM; Instituto de Microbiologia/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
To evaluate the performance of ELISA, Western Blot (WB) and peptide enzyme immuno assays in detecting antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. Sera from 986 individuals at risk of HIV infection were screened for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 by means of ELISA using whole virus antigens (HIV-1/Organon and HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:343 (abstract no. W.C.3188)
Zewdie D, Hailu E, Tadesse M, Ketema F; National Research Institute of Health, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
To minimize the use of western blots by using a combination of ELISAs or simple/ rapid assays of different sensitivities and specificities as a supplemental test. Two thousand samples from blood donors, STD patients and patients infected with HIV from five different regions of Ethiopia
To develop a rapid, automated microparticle capture enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) for antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 using recombinant antigens. Recombinant antigens capable of interacting with antibodies against HIV-1 gp120, gp41, gp24, and HIV-2 gp41 and gp26 are coupled to a microparticle solid p
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:342 (abstract no. W.C.3186)
Francis A, Read S, Coates R, Major C, McLaughlin B, Shepherd F, Fanning M, Calzavara L, MacFadden D, Johnson JK, et al; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
To evaluate the use of urine as a non-invasive alternative to serum for HIV antibody (Ab) testing, particularly for unlinked prevalence studies. Fresh urine samples from 94 men of known HIV serostatus; 23 EIA-/WB- and 71 EIA+/WB+ were provided from the Toronto Sexual Contact Study. Comparative immun
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:342 (abstract no. W.C.3185)
Fortenberry HD, McGraw L; Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, Texas, USA
A clinical trial was performed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the Pharmacia Diagnostics Inc. Combi HIV-1/HBsAg ELISA, a combination screening assay for blood and blood products. The Combi assay simultaneously detects both antibody to HIV-1, and HBsAg. The test uses a mic
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:342 (abstract no. W.C.3184)
Wu P, Miller B, Gallarda J, Liu D; Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, Illinois, USA
To develop a screening enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 which detects both IgM and IgG thus allowing earlier detection of seroconversion. Antibodies to HIV are captured on a bead coated with recombinant antigens corresponding to HIV-2 p41, HIV-1 p24 and HIV-1 p41. Captured
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:341 (abstract no. W.C.3183)
Janvier B, Baillou A, Guerois C, Choutet P, Goudeau A, Barin F; Lab. Virologie, CHRU Bretonneau and Trousseau, Tours, France
To compare 3 EIAs using either polyclonal antibody to p24/HIV-1 or MAb to p24. Antibody titer to p24 were determined on 96 sera collected from HIV-1 positive patients at stages CDC II (34), CDC III (22) and CDC IV (40), using 3 EIAs based on competitive or sequential inhibition (SIEIA) principles. T
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:341 (abstract no. W.C.3182)
Taylor PE, Stevens CE; Laboratory of Epidemiology, The New York Blood Center, NY, USA
To evaluate the significance of HIV-1 p24 antigen (Ag) in anti-HIV-1 positive gay men in detecting infection before anti-HIV-1 appearance and as a prognostic marker for progression to AIDS after HIV-1 infection. Sera from 365 anti-HIV-1 positive men who joined a prospective study of AIDS were tested
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:341 (abstract no. W.C.3181)
Constantine NT, Bansal J, Xiang Z, Callahan J; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
To determine if the replacement of chromogenic substrates by the chemiluminescence-producing luminol would increase the sensitivity of western blot assays in detecting weak reacting antibodies to HIV antigens. Western blots (WB) consisted of antigen strips (BioRad), an avidin-biotin conjugate system
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:341 (abstract no. W.C.3180)
Leoro-Monroy G, Sanchez M, Archbold E, Herrera C, Chiriboga R, Cardenas A; Ecuadorian Red Cross, Quito, Ecuador
To perform a comparative evaluation of indirect ELISA test kit performance at low antibody concentrations utilizing a serum pooling method. Fifty-three WB positive samples were serially diluted and assayed both by our pooling method and in accord to the manufacturer s recommended procedure. The high
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:340 (abstract no. W.C.3179)
Kay JW, Roman JV, Jones GR, Crout FV, Varnier OE, Lillo F; Organon Teknika Corporation (OTC), Durham, NC (USA)
To develop a combination ELISA capable of detecting antibodies to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 while maintaining the high sensitivity and specificity performance of the FDA licensed HIV-1 ELISA. The OTC Vironostika HIV-1 Microelisa System for detection of HIV-1 antibodies in serum and plasma was modified by
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:340 (abstract no. W.C.3178)
Neplaz MC, Blay O, Caron A, Leverger G, Lasfargues G; C Courpotin Hospital Trousseau, Assistance Publique, Paris
The goal of the study is to assess the influence of HIV infection on infants born from HIV + mothers. 24 infants were evaluated using Brunet-Lezine scale (BL) between January 90 and Jan.91. Infants at evaluation were between 3 and 23 months old. (mean age 9 +/- 5m) 12 infants were evaluated 2 times
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:340 (abstract no. W.C.3177)
Benga E, Popovsky M, MacDonald H, Kiviat N, Krieger M, Ferrera C, Prunty J, Stewart P, M'Boup S, N'Doye I; Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
The objective of this study was to evaluate an EIA designed to detect antibody to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (the Genetic Systems HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA) in a population of prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal . A total of 302 specimens from 302 prostitutes was tested with the HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA. The results were compared
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:340 (abstract no. W.C.3176)
Orlando M, Schinaia N, Chiarotti F, Piccinini P, Mozzi F, Pizzocolo G; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Italy
To determine the ability of Transfusion Services (T.S.) in Italy to correctly identify HIV-positive and negative donations. In 1988 a National Voluntary External Quality Assurance Scheme was established to monitor HIV ELISA testing in T.S. in Italy, following the National AIDS Committee recommendati
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:339 (abstract no. W.C.3175)
Link W; Immunoassay Systems Division, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA 94547 USA
To determine the specificity of interpretive criteria for HIV-1 Western blot (WB) on a series of specimens that produced discordant results on two available WB kits. Interpretive criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) require reactivity to at least two of the three glycoproteins (gp160,
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:339 (abstract no. W.C.3174)
Vercauteren G, Jonckheer T, Temmerman M, Piot P, van der Groen G; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
To evaluate two immunoblot techniques, Western blot (WB) and a new Line Immunoassay (LIA) for the detection of IgA and IgM HIV antibodies after removal of IgG with recombinant protein G, in consecutive sera of children born to HIV infected mothers. Consecutive serum samples of 25 children born to HI
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:339 (abstract no. W.C.3173)
Piot P, Laleman G, Magazani K, Van kerckhoven I, Kapila N, Konde M, Selemani U, van der Groen G; Centre Regional de la Lutte contre le SIDA, Project CEE, Lubumbashi, Zaire
The conventional algorithm based on the confirmation of all positive anti-HIV screening reactions by Western blot is expensive and only applicable in areas with a low HIV antibody prevalence. We therefore investigated the alternative of confirming screening assay (SA) reactions by a second SA in a diagnostic
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:339 (abstract no. W.C.3172)
Nkengasong J, Van kerckhoven I, Vercauteren G, Piot P, van der Groen G; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
Combined screening assays (CSA) for simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 are now commercially available. The conventional algorithm based on confirmation of all positive CSA reactions by Western Blot (WB) is expensive and time consuming. We therefore investigated the alternative of confirm
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:338 (abstract no. W.C.3171)
Van kerckhoven I, Tamashiro H, Vercauteren G, Piot P, Esparza J, van der Groen G; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
In order to advise health policy decision makers, directors of blood banks, managers of national AIDS prevention and control programmes and others, on the selection of the appropriate HIV antibody assays, the characteristics of commercially available assays were studied. The study focused mainly upon the com
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:338 (abstract no. W.C.3170)
Courouce AM; F.N.T.S. Paris - France
To compare the quantitative results obtained with 12 HIV Elisa on 13 selected anti-HIV1 specimens collected very early in the seroconversion (SC). Thirteen early HIV1 SC samples documented by Western-Blot (WB) on later samples were selected and classified from 1 to 13 by WB according to the intensit
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:338 (abstract no. W.C.3169)
Cunningham PH, Imrie AA, Cooper DA, Penny R; N.S.W. State Reference Laboratory for AIDS, Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
AIM: To assess the performance of the AGEN SimpliRed whole blood autologous red cell agglutination assay in a high seroprevalence clinical laboratory. A total of 348 whole blood specimens were collected into acid citrate dextrose (ACD), anticoagulant treated tubes from patients with AIDS, ARC/PGL, and asymptom
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:338 (abstract no. W.C.3168)
Carosi G, Duse M, Zanetti AR, Rodella A, Gussago A, Soresina A, Zehender G, Forleo MA, Capelli C, Ugazio AG; Clin. Mal. Infettive Tropicali, Univ.Milano (Italy)
To evaluate the role of immunological and biochemical markers in the early prediction of vertically transmitted HIV infection. 66 children born to HIV+ mothers have been submitted to clinical and laboratoristic follow-up at quarterly intervals. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been performed in i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:337 (abstract no. W.C.3167)
Shao J, Brubaker G, Levin A, Boaz E, Kumbi D, Alexander S, Blattner W; Muhimbili Medical Centre and Shirati Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
PURPOSE: To assess results of rapid screening for HIV-1 antibody. Subjects: (aged 15 - 49 from the Mara region of Tanzania ) 929 from a rural area, 3214 from a nearby urban area, were representative of the population distribution in that region. There were also 305 high risk subjects. HIV-1 antibody tests: Hi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:337 (abstract no. W.C.3166)
Janot C, Courouce AM; C.R.T.S. Nancy - France
To test for p24 antigen and for anti-HIV with several tests, samples collected before the discovery of HIV seropositivity. Plasmas from 8 regular donors collected before the discovery of antibodies to HIV1 (HIV1 Ab) were available for testing. They were tested for p24 Ag by 2 Elisa (D. Pasteur and A
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:337 (abstract no. W.C.3165)
Noel L, Maisonneuve P, Schelcher F, Guerin MC, Courouce AM; French Society of Blood Transfusion (SFTS)-Versailles-France
To investigate the sensitivity on seroconversion (SC) samples of artificial antigens (synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins) in a novel HIV 1+2 antibodies confirmatory analytical assay (Lia Tek HIV1+2 ORGANON TEKNIKA) as compared to Western-blot (Wb). As an artificial antigenstest, Lia Tek is potential
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:337 (abstract no. W.C.3164)
Schumacher RT, Garrett PE, Fang CT; Boston Biomedica, Inc., West Bridgewater, MA, USA
To compare two commonly used approaches to evaluation of low end sensitivity in anti-HIV test methods, tests of dilution series and tests of true seroconversion panels, and to analyze the differences found. Thorn et al reported that comparison of anti-HIV tests using dilution series of random strong
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:336 (abstract no. W.C.3163)
Klein J, Church JA, Inderlied CB; Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, USC, Los Angeles, CA USA
To develop a reliable and accurate PCR assay for the detection of HIV-1 provirus. A group of 9 male and 6 female patients (5 months to 12 years) were categorized using CDC staging criteria. HIV antibody status was determined at the time of the PCR assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA was use
To determine the best method for DNA extraction from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for assessment of HIV-1 infection by PCR. To assess the PCR methodology with respect to seroconversion for HIV-1 in AIDS, asymptomatic hemophiliacs, and ELISA positive, western blot indeterminate individuals. Fiv
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:336 (abstract no. W.C.3161)
Kline R, Dada A, Abebe E, Nasidi A, Levin A, Blattner W, Quinn T; LIR, NIAID, Bethesda, MD
Since there is very little information on assays that test for both HIV-1 and HIV-2, we evaluated two rapid assays in Nigeria that test for HIV-1/2, and compared their sensitivity and specificity to standard ELISA and Western blot assays. Sera from 545 prostitutes were tested in Nigeria using the Ge
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:336 (abstract no. W.C.3160)
Simon F, Maholo FO, Cherront A, Pepin JM, Dazza MC, Brun-Vezinet F; Laboratoire de Virologie - Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
To investigate the sensitivity of different and recent screening EIAs in the diagnosis of early seroconversions. We examined 40 serum specimens, collected in 1989-1990, from 14 HIV1 seroconverters by 6 different EIAs: Abbott Recombinant HIV1/HIV2 EIA (Abbott:A), Enzygnost anti-HIV1+2 (Behring:B), Vi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:335 (abstract no. W.C.3159)
Meyer L, Cavelier A, Bernhardt M, Bohbot JM, Brunet H, Fabrizzi V, Franceschini J, Helal H, Mertz JP, Morel P; Department of Epidemiology, INSERM U. 292, Hopital de Bicetre (France)
To estimate HIV seroprevalence among patients with a suspected Sexually Transmitted Disease in Paris. This was the feasability study of a project whose objective is to monitor time trends of HIV seroprevalence. All the 921 patients who came to one of the 6 STD Parisian clinic for a new episode of su
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:335 (abstract no. W.C.3158)
Imrie AA, Zaunders J, Cunningham PH, Cooper DA, Penny R; NSW State Reference Laboratory for AIDS, Centre for Immunology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Western Blot is commonly used as a supplemental test to confirm the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 in ELISA-reactive sera. In many interpretive criteria, a negative Western Blot excludes HIV-1 infection. We examined the frequency of ELISA reactive/Western Blot negative samples collected from individual who
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:335 (abstract no. W.C.3157)
Celum C, Coombs RW, Lafferty WE, Fisher LD, Murphy VM, Inui TS, Corey L, Holmes KK; Univ of Washington, DSHS Office on HIV/AIDS, Seattle, WA, USA
To determine the risk of seroconversion and clinical utility of supplemental tests in persons repeatedly reactive by HIV-1 EIA and indeterminate by Western blot (indeterminate WB). Eighty-nine cases (with prior repeatedly reactive HIV-1 EIA and indeterminate WB) were referred from HIV testing sites
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:335 (abstract no. W.C.3156)
Boshell J, Michelsen J, Restrepo M, Jaramillo LS, Gonzalez M, Arboleda I, Munoz A; Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia, SA
HIV screening of blood is mandatory in Colombian blood banks since 1984. However it is estimated that 70.000 blood units (aproximately 25%) were transfused without HIV testing during 1989 in emergency clinical settings. Two simple and rapid commercial assays which do not require instrumentation were evaluate
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:334 (abstract no. W.C.3155)
Stakteas S, Barreto J, De Sousa C, Mondlane C, Bule E, Martins E, De La Cruz F; Immunology Dept., Instituto Nacional De Saude, Maputo, Mozambique
To evaluate the performance of five combined ELISA test with sera form Mozambique where HIV1 and HIV2 infection are present. Five commercially available ELISA kits for the simultaneous detection of HIV1 and HIV2 antibodies (Elaviamixt, Pasteur; Enzygnost HIV 1+2, Behring; Virosnostika HIV1+2, Organo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:334 (abstract no. W.C.3154)
Pizzocolo G, Malvano R, Albertini A, Pilloton E, Tanzi E, Zanetti AR, Buratta A, Carreri V; 1st.Chimica,Univ.Brescia,Italy
The External Quality Assessment (EQA) program is aimed to assist participants in self-surveillance and to assess the performance of the commercial kits most frequently used. EQA SCHEME: 91 Blood Banks of Lombardy are periodically supplied with unknown freeze-dried sera including negative, positive (either un
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:334 (abstract no. W.C.3153)
D'Offizi G, Papetti C, Pinter E, Valdarchi C, Scala E, Campitelli G, Aiuti F; Dept.All.& Clin.Immunol..Univ.Rome "La Sapienza".Rome.Italy
To evaluate a rapid test (Abbott Testpack) for detection of antibody to HIV-1 compared to two ELISA kits and Western Blot (WB). Testpack is based on adhesion of recombinant HIV antigen on nitrocellulose discs. We analyzed 434 samples (blood and sera) from therapeutic communities, our outpatient s cl
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:334 (abstract no. W.C.3152)
Paladin FJ, Bautista A, Detorio M, Monzon O, Kurimura T; The Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, MM, Philippines
To evaluate the technical feasibility of testing antibodies to HIV from filter paper blood eluates using Particle Agglutination and Line Immunoassay Methods. Paired venous (V) and filter paper (FP, 5mmx30mm Nobuto Filter Paper Strip, Toyo Roshi Kaisha Ltd.) collected blood were obtained from 1170 bl
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:333 (abstract no. W.C.3151)
De Weck AL, Derer M, Vornhagen R; CMG Laboratories, Fribourg, Switzerland
Development of a low cost and rapid test enabling at the same time screening and confirmation of HIV antibodies against several HIV 1 and 2 recombinant antigens, also to be used for quantitative monitoring of anti-HIV antibodies. Several highly purified HIV1 (e.g. gp41, p24, p66) and HIV2 (gp35) rec
To discriminate HIV1 and HIV2 infections in serum samples from Guinea Bissau. We evaluated the sera of 32 ELISA positive (Elavia HIV1 and HIV2, Pasteur) blood donors from the Blood Bank of S. Mendes Hospital of Bissau by assays for HIV1 and HIV2 antibodies (Western blot and Peptilav 1-2, Pasteur).
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:333 (abstract no. W.C.3149)
Ramirez E, Sanchez G, Espejo R, Soto G, Uribe P; Virologia Inst. de Salud Publica de Chile
To determine the risk of seroconversion and evaluate supplementary tests (LiaTek HIV 1+2 and RIPA), to restore indeterminate HIV-1 cases by Western Blot (WB). 97 cases (with prior reactive HIV-1 EIA and indeterminate by WB) were analyzed with the following tests: a) HIV-1 EIA (Abbott HIV-1 recombina
To evaluate a new EIA test for the detection of antibodies to HIV 1 and HIV 2 based upon synthetic peptides (HIV 1 + 2 microEIA, bioMerieux SA). Sera or plasma are diluted directly in the wells of microtitration plates coated with 2 synthetic peptides corresponding to the immunodominant region of th
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:332 (abstract no. W.C.3147)
Portincasa P, Conti G, Chezzi C; Istituto di Microbiologia dell'Universita degli Studi di Parma, Italy
Some HIV-1 infected individuals may have prolonged periods of seronegativity. The aim of this study is to apply a simple method to detect, early in infection, HIV-1 antibodies. Sera belonging to seronegative individuals who seroconverted were tested with Western-Blot (WB) and Radio Immune Western-Bl
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:332 (abstract no. W.C.3146)
Madei R, Frelow M, Louie P, dela Rosa C, Quinn M, Rodgers G; Roche Diagnostics Research, Alameda, California, USA
If a test for HIV-DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is contaminated with previously amplified HIV-DNA both a false positive or a false negative result can be obtained. Specific laboratory techniques to prevent this are helpful but sporadic carry-over of aerosolized amplicon can unknowingly occur even with the
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:332 (abstract no. W.C.3145)
Eberle J, Baumann E, Longiaru M, Hattori T, Kobayashi S, Tokunaga K; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
An ELISA using recombinant env-and core-proteins of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-1, respectively has been developed. The assay was evaluated in comparison to currently licensed HTLV-I and HIV-tests. The sensitivity of the Retrotest was assessed with a panel of sera which were confirmed positive for antibod
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:332 (abstract no. W.C.3144)
Roumeliotou A, Trichopoulou E, Nestoridou K, Kotsianopoulou M, Papaevangelou G; WHO National Centre for AIDS, Athens School of Hygiene, Athens, Greece
The diagnostic significance of two new rapid serological tests for the detection of anti-HIV with low cost and without requirement of specific equipment was evaluated. The Immunocomb test (Orgenics) based on the principle of solid phase enzyme immunoassay and the Serodia test (Fujirebio) based on a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:331 (abstract no. W.C.3143)
Mikhailov M, Vasiliev A, Nikolaeva I, Shevalier A, Chuenkova M, Sverdlov E; M.M. Shemyakin Institute Bioorganic Chemistry, USSR Academy of Science, Moscow, USSR
To study immunoreactivity of the recombinant proteins from the expressive library of HIV1 genome fragments with the representative panel of HIV1-positive sera. Three of the recombinant proteins, containing (1) - a.a. 561-635 region of gp41; (2) - a.a. 291-355 and (3) - a.a. 329-395 regions of p24 we
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:331 (abstract no. W.C.3142)
Hwa-Chen L, Yuh-Horng S; Taipei Municipal V.D. Control Institute, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
To determine HIV-1 Seroprevalence in clients attending STD clinic, A Sexually active Population at increased risk of infection. From March 1988 through December 1990, A total of 368,108 Serum Samples from consecutive STD clients and other 8 Population groups Were tested for HIV-1 antibody, using mai
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:331 (abstract no. W.C.3141)
Archbold E, Mitchell S, Hanson D, Koenig E, Hull B, Leoro-Monroy G, Monzon O; AIDSTECH, Family Health International, NC, USA
To compare serum-pooling methods using indirect EIAs and a particle agglutination test for HIV screening in populations with different prevalence. Twelve thousand serum samples from high risk groups, blood donors, and pregnant women were tested individually and in pools using five commercial EIAs an
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:331 (abstract no. W.C.3140)
Koenig E, Archbold E, Candelario D, Alcantara K, Bobadilla J, Amoros P, Gomez E; Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Publica, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
RATIONALE: Pooling of sera for HIV screening represents an opportunity for considerable economic savings over the standard individual sample analysis. To test the sensitivity and specificity of a pooling method on fresh and frozen samples in a country with relatively high HIV prevalence. Five thousand fresh se
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:330 (abstract no. W.C.3139)
Sanchez M, Leoro-Monroy G, Archbold E; Ecuadorian Red Cross, Quito, Ecuador
To compare workload and cost-effectiveness of ELISA HIV screening utilizing a pooling technique against single sample testing. A method for HIV screening has been evaluated in which 3 serum specimens are pooled and tested as one. Previous studies have shown the pooling method to be as sensitive and
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:330 (abstract no. W.C.3138)
Troshev O, Beshkov D, Bodjeva E, Georgieva V, Ilieva V, Tzvetanska A, Argirova R; Central AIDS Lab., Sofia, Bulgaria
To develop and evaluate 2 self-made (s.m.) screening assays (ELISA and Dot Immunobinding Assay-DIA) and 2 confirmatory tests (Western blot - WB and Immunofluorescence Assay - IFA) for detection of HIV antibodies. HIV antigens and appropriate negative controls for all tests were prepared from H9/HTLV
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:330 (abstract no. W.C.3137)
Louria DB, Rios M, Denny T, Palumbo P, Quinones M, Bianco C; University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, N.J., USA
OBJECTIVE AND In a study of heterosexual HIV-discordant couples, an important case of apparent false positivity was observed. A 23-year-old man was repeatedly reactive on HIV ELISA screen of a blood donation. Western blot (WB) confirmation yielded indeterminate test results (p17, p24). He was negative
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:330 (abstract no. W.C.3136)
Fahs M, Mandelblatt J, Garibaldi K, Senie R, Peterson H; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
Both AIDS and cervical neoplasia may result from sexual transmission of infection and may affect similar groups of women at risk of sexually transmitted disease. As the number of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increase, a parallel increase in the number of women with cervical neoplasi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:329 (abstract no. W.C.3135)
Uribe P, Hernandez M, De Zalduondo B, Lamas M, Hernandez G, Chavez Peon F, Sepulveda J; AIDS National Council, Mexico
To establish a conceptual frame-work to understand female prostitution in different settings. To obtain useful information to provide guidance to support educational intervention designs among prostitutes, promoting behavioral changes. We studied 914 female prostitutes attending the AIDS information
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:329 (abstract no. W.C.3134)
Rasmussen B, Tos MJ, Jensen PE; AIDS Secretariat, Frederiksberg, Denmark
To evaluate the effect of the AIDS campaign and the sexual education in schools on young people s knowledge and behaviour in relation to STDs/HIV in Denmark for planning of further instructional strategy. A questionary examination among students between the ages of 13 and 20 in part of Copenhagen.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:329 (abstract no. W.C.3133)
Scott G, Peacock W; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland
To provide accessible health care to female prostitutes and to reduce Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) transmission including HIV. From February 1990, a Health Advisor from the STD Clinic from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, was based one evening per week at a drop in centre for female prostitu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:329 (abstract no. W.C.3132)
Rehmet S, Staszewski S, Helm EB, Doerr HW, Stille W; Center of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt/M; FRG
To investigate cofactors of heterosexual HIV transmission in monogamuous couples; to evaluate transmission rates and, in a prospective part of the study, seroconversions after unprotected sexual contacts. PATIENTS and We investigated transmission rates and possible cofactors, as CD4 cells, progressi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:328 (abstract no. W.C.3131)
Estebanez P, Najera R, Rua-Figueroa N, Sarasqueta C, Zunzunegui V, Colomo C, Varela JM; Proyect Aids and Prost., Health Institue Charles III. Madrid (Spain)
To assess the extent of spread of HIV1, HIV2, HTLV and other sexually transmitted disease and to identify risk factors among women who practice prostitution in Spain . Between 1989 and June 1990, 705 women who practice prostitution were recruited into the study from sexually transmitted clinics and p
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:328 (abstract no. W.C.3130)
Aguado I, Medrano FJ, Rivero A, Cruz E, Marquez N, Torres Y, Sanchez-Quijano A; "Virgen del Rocio" University Hospital, Seville
The prevalence of Anti-HIV-1 found in studies performed between 1984 and 1986 in SSP of seropositive people in Spain was 8.3-14%. However, HIV-1 may spread quickly to this group. Because of this, periodic assessments of this rate are needed. Our objective was to evaluate the current prevalence of Anti-HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:328 (abstract no. W.C.3129)
Pineda JA, Rivero A, Vergara A, Aguado I, Santos J, Rey C, Leal M; "Virgen del Rocio" University Hospital, Seville
Former studies performed in our area showed that the prevalence of anti-HIV-1 was lesser than 1%. However, in African countries this rate increased quickly in a few years. Because of this, periodic assesments of this prevalence are needed. Our objective was to evaluate the current prevalence of anti-HIV-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:328 (abstract no. W.C.3128)
Ludwig DD, Edlin BR, Keeling RP, Brewer W, Gayle HD, Holmberg SD; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
To estimate the prevalence of HIV-1 infection among U.S. college students, we conducted blinded serosurveys in 1988-89 and 1989-90 at student health centers in 19 universities and in a randomly selected sample of 24 U.S. colleges. Blood collected for other purposes was tested for HIV-1 antibody afte
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:327 (abstract no. W.C.3127)
McCray E, Onorato I; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To describe HIV infection rates and frequency of condom use in heterosexual clients attending STD clinics in the United States . Since 1989, surveys to assess behaviors associated with HIV infection have been conducted in sentinel STD clinics in 25 metropolitan areas. Clients presenting with a new S
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:327 (abstract no. W.C.3126)
Suligoi B, Salmaso S, Giuliani M, Bellocco R, Carbonari P, Massone L, Alessi E, Coppini M, Gentili G, Donofrio P, et al; Lab. Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
To assess the usefulness of sentinel site surveillance of STD clinics for monitoring HIV prevalence among sexually active individuals. In the 7 STD clinics enrolled in the surveillance system, data on demographic and clinical characteristics and results of optional HIV testing, were recorded for ea
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:327 (abstract no. W.C.3125)
Velten D, Kleiber D, Jacobowski C; Sozialpaedagogisches Institut Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
Investigation of 1. social and psychological characteristics of prostitutes clients (clients of prostitutes) in a cross-sectional study with three points of measurement (1989,1991,1992); 2. determinants of condome use in the realm of professional sex. Clients of prostitutes were contacted via adverti
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:327 (abstract no. W.C.3124)
Nwanyanwu O, Conti LA, Ciesielski CA, Berkelman RL, Lieb S, Witte JJ; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
To evaluate the rapid increase in AIDS cases attributed to heterosexual transmission in south Florida, USA. We reviewed medical records of AIDS cases diagnosed as heterosexually transmitted and reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services from January 1, 1989, to March 31
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:326 (abstract no. W.C.3123)
Ellerbrock T, Lieb S, Harrington P, James D, Schoenfisch S, Bush T, Rogers M, Witte J; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
To analyze sexual, contraceptive, and pregnancy-related behavior and the risk for HIV infection among reproductive-aged women in a nonmetropolitan area. For this cross-sectional study, women attending a prenatal clinic in western Palm Beach County, Florida, during 1989-90 were interviewed and tested
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:326 (abstract no. W.C.3122)
Tappin DM, Cockburn F, Girdwood RW, Kennedy R, Follett EA, Goldberg D; University Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill
There is considerable interest in the spread of Human immunodeficiency Virus infection. We aimed to define the HIV seroprevalence among childbearing women in Scotland. We used the blood sample from neonatal metabolic screening cards to measure maternal antibody status. Ethics Committee approval allo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:326 (abstract no. W.C.3121)
deMoya EA, Rodriguez EM, Guerrero E, Monterroso E, Puello E, Quinn TC, Vermund SH; Ministry of Health, Santo Domingo, DR
To study the association of GUD with HIV-1 and HTLV-I in a cross-sectional study in two STD clinics in Dominican Republic (DR) in 1989. A behavioral questionnaire, a culture/serology battery for STDs, and serologies for HIV-1 and HTLV-I were conducted among 494 STD clinic attendees.
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:326 (abstract no. W.C.3120)
Clarke SE, McGarrigle CA, Karunaratne M, Porter K, Evans BE; PHLS AIDS Centre: Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, UK
To monitor changes in the pattern of HIV-1 infection in adult women. Reports of AIDS cases from clinicians, and laboratory reports of newly confirmed HIV-1 infections, in adults (aged 15y and older) were analysed. By end December 1990, the proportion of known infected adults who were women
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:325 (abstract no. W.C.3119)
Moss G, Clemetson D, D'Costa LJ, Maitha GM, Reilly M, Ndinya-Achola JO, Plummer FA, Kreiss JK; University of Washington, Seattle, USA
To identify factors associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV among couples serodiscordant for HIV infection. At a Nairobi STD clinic, HIV+ individuals and their HIV- spouse were followed prospectively with a questionnaire, physical exam and HIV serology. Of 65 couples, the index cas
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:325 (abstract no. W.C.3118)
Omari MA, Bwayo JJ, Mutere AN, Kreiss JK, Moses S, Plummer FA; University of Nairobi, Kenya
To evaluate changes in behaviour, HIV seroincidence and STDs following a behavioural intervention study among long distance truck drivers. Truck drivers recruited from a longitudinal study on the incidence of HIV and STDs were followed at 3-month intervals for a period of 6 months. They were counsel
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:325 (abstract no. W.C.3117)
Tyndall M, Odhiambo P, Ronald AR, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, Maitha G, Malissa M, Plummer FA; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
To determine the HIV infection status of unselected men presenting with either urethritis or genital ulcer disease (GUD) in the Special Treatment Clinic in Nairobi. After informed consent and pretest counselling, 400 men with urethritis and 318 men with GUD were screened for HIV-1 by ELISA and confi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:325 (abstract no. W.C.3116)
Calderon E, Gomez-Lucia E, Pineda J, Torres Y, Flores J, Lissen E, Leal M; "Virgen del Rocio" University Hospital, Seville, Spain
In Spain infection by HTLV-1 has only been described amongst African immigrants and intravenous-drug users. However, the cluter of prostitutes from our area is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the possible presence of human oncogenic retroviruses in this risk group. Serum samples were drawn between
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:324 (abstract no. W.C.3115)
Barlow D, Bradbeer CS, Thin RN, Swan AV, Chrystie I, Palmer S, Banatvala JE; Departments of GU Medicine, Public Health Medicine and Virology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London UK
To measure trends in seropositivity (HIV1/HIV2) in attenders at a busy STD clinic in London 1988 - 1991 and assess accuracy of reporting procedures. Patients routinely tested for syphilis were offered an HIV test (Abbott/Wellcome) which could be anonymous. Three periods were analysed. 1: Apr 1988-Ja
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:324 (abstract no. W.C.3114)
Darrow W, Boles J, Cohen JB, Elifson K, Potterat J, Schnell D, Woodhouse D; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA
To analyze HIV antibody seroprevalence trends in female street prostitutes in three U.S. cities and to suggest reasons for observed trends. Through street outreach, we identified and enrolled women 18 years and older who reported having oral, vaginal or anal sex in exchange for money or drugs. Part
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:324 (abstract no. W.C.3112)
Strug D, Des Jarlais D, Sogolow E, Handte J, Bromberg J, Cornell R, Cordell J, Landesman S; SUNY HSC-Brooklyn, NY, USA
To determine if frequency of condom use differs with a woman s regular sexual partner (RP), versus condom use with other sexual partners (OP). 131 non-IVDU women were interviewed about their sexual practices, including condom use with their RPs (RP=sexual relationship greater than or equal to 1 mont
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:323 (abstract no. W.C.3111)
Marinacci G, Costigliola P, Ricchi E, Chiodo F; Institute of Infectious Diseases - University of Bologna, Italy
The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and incidence of HIV transmission amongst heterosexual stable partners (S.P.) of HIV infected subjects (Index Cases - I.C.). and to evaluate the risk factors involved. From 1985 to 1990, we have examined 241 heterosexuals which have had a stable relatio
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:323 (abstract no. W.C.3110)
Peeters M, Praats C, Laga M, Piot P; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
1. To describe risk factors for HIV infection related to the sex industry in Europe. 2. To assess the prevalence of HIV-infection in Female Sex Workers (FSW) in Europe. The design of this concerted action on FSW is a multicentre crossectional study. Subjects are recruited through medical and non med
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:323 (abstract no. W.C.3109)
Hasseltvedt V, Lystad A, Nilsen O; National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
By comparing the percentages of notified heterosexually transmitted HIV infections year by year one might conclude that heterosexual spread of HIV infection in Norway is increasing. We have studied this hypothesis in light of more detailed data. The Department of Infectious Disease Control (DIDC), N
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:323 (abstract no. W.C.3108)
Papetti C, Mezzaroma I, D'Offizi GP, Campitelli G, Guerra E, Valdarchi C, Luzi G, Pandolfi F, Aiuti F; Dpt. of Clin. Immunol., La Sapienza Univ. of Rome, Italy
A retrospective and perspective study to help identifying risk factors for HIV-1 transmission to sexual partners of infected individuals, before and after knowledge of seropositivity. HIV status was analyzed by WB (and PCR in some cases) in 130 sexually active couples. Only one member belonged to a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:322 (abstract no. W.C.3107)
Cornejo M, Barthel E, Rodriguez A, Casanova D; School of Medicine. University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
To assess knowledge, condom use and HIV status after an educational program on a previously studied population (V Int. Conference on AIDS) with high risk sexual behaviour and limited access to information. An 18 Item autoquestionnaire was distributed to 559 merchant seamen following 12-18 months of
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:322 (abstract no. W.C.3106)
Wyld R, Davidson S, Brettle R, Robertson R, Shergold C, Johnson A; City Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
To document sexual behavior change amongst Edinburgh drug users recruited to a study of heterosexual transmission of HIV. In 1987 Edinburgh joined with the UK MRC Multicentre study of behavioural risk factors for heterosexual HIV transmission. The index case is defined as a seropositive man or woman
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:322 (abstract no. W.C.3105)
Perez G, DeSimone D, Soroko T, Catena W, Denny T, Louria D; St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
To assess the prevalence of hepatitis infection in discordant couples for HIV. Analyze the possible role of HIV on facilitation of previous hepatitis transmission. Discordant couples recruited for a prospective HIV transmission study were tested for initial hepatitis infection and past evidence of i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:322 (abstract no. W.C.3104)
Duncan L, Elliott A, Ebrahim H, Hira S, Mumba G, Hayes R, Pobee J, Tembo G, McAdam K; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
To estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in a group at risk of HIV infection and to examine the effect of HIV on tuberculin response. A systematic sample of 268 adult patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Lusaka were examined for HIV antibody (HIV-Chek and Recombigen
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:321 (abstract no. W.C.3103)
Valleron AJ; INSERM U263 and SC4, Universite Paris 7, France
To describe the distribution of newly infected HIV persons by risk group and to test if this distribution is different from that presently observed in AIDS cases. A national survey was conducted in 23 major hospitals collaborating with the Coordinating Data Center on HIV Epidemiology. Each hospital
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:321 (abstract no. W.C.3102)
Guimaraes MD, Machado-Pinto J, Bandeira FC, Costa MF, Proietti F, Antunes CM; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in three different periods in an STD clinic. A 20% probability sample was drawn from the STD clientele in 1985, 86 & 89. The serum was tested for HIV (ELISA,WB), HBsAg, anti-HBs & syphilis. STD diagnoses were abstracted from medical records and
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:321 (abstract no. W.C.3101)
Lazarus M, Lucas G, Panter D, Smith C; North West Thames Regional Health Authority HIV Project, London, UK
1) to maximise the role of FPCs in HIV prevention because of their access to large numbers of heterosexually active women of childbearing age, 2) to tackle FPC staff s anxiety about HIV in their work and to maximize opportunities for HIV prevention in a community context, 3) to evaluate a personal HIV risk
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:321 (abstract no. W.C.3100)
Mancuso S, Accurso V, Ferrera E, Di Caro A, Abbadessa V, Perricone R, Cajozzo A; Istituto di Clinica Medica e Malattie Cardiovascolari. Universita degli Studi di Palermo. Italy
To study sexual behaviour and HIV seroprevalence among female prostitutes coming from extra-European countries. Since October 1989 to December 1990, 72 prostitutes who consulted spontaneously and/or through their organizations our AIDS center were interviewed to obtain history of nationality and sex
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:320 (abstract no. W.C.3099)
Recchia O, Massi M, Graziani C, Preite PA, Di Sora F, Ruberto A, Montella F; Ospedale Addolorata - Centro AIDS USL RM 4 Roma Italia
To verify if chlamydial infection play a cofactor role in HIV sexual transmission. Patients: (A) 183 subjects at risk for HIV, (B) 443 pregnant women, (C) 327 patients from urological and gynecological services. Ages ranging 18-54 years. They are requesting and consenting. Test: enzymeimmunoassay fo
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:320 (abstract no. W.C.3098)
Guimaraes M, Castilho E, Filho CR, Quinhoes EP, Cavalcante S, Lima LA, Morgado MG; UFMG, Brazil
To determine risk factors (RF) for male-to-female HIV transmission. Male index cases (IC) and their heterosexual partners (HP), recruited between Sep and Dec 1990 (n=54 couples), were interviewed for RF using standard questionnaires, were examined for genital ulcers, and had blood collected for exam
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:320 (abstract no. W.C.3097)
Sawanpanyalert P, Ungchusak K, Thanprasertsuk S, Akarasewi P; Division of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Three cross-sectional studies in the same brothels in Chiang Mai were conducted to determine HIV-1 seroconversion and associated risk factors. In December 1989, 38 brothels (60%) were randomly selected. All 518 female sex workers were interviewed about their sociodemographic data, sex practice, con
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:320 (abstract no. W.C.3096)
DeHovitz J, Kelly P, Sierra M, Clarke L, Bromberg J, Wan J, Vermund SH, Landesman S; SUNY-HSC, Brooklyn, NY, USA
To investigate the relationship between crack/cocaine (C/C) and sexually transmitted diseases (STD s) in inner city women living in an HIV endemic area. 144 non-IVDU, heterosexually active women of unknown HIV serostatus were recruited into a ongoing prospective study to determine risk factors for H
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:319 (abstract no. W.C.3095)
Mati J, Maggwa N, Hunter D, Tukei P, Mbugua S, Kihoro G, Achola P; University of Nairobi, Kenya
Assess associations between age, age at first pregnancy, parity, abortions (spontaneous and induced), use of modern contraceptive methods, and HIV seropositivity among women FP attenders in Nairobi, Kenya . Women attending two city FP clinics between Nov. 1989 and Dec. 1990 were interviewed, examine
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:319 (abstract no. W.C.3094)
Skurnick J, Bromberg J, Grijalva K, Cordell J, Louria D, Monto A, Weiss S; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
To assess changes in couples behavior after knowledge of HIV+ infection. HIV-discordant heterosexual couples in ongoing sexual relationships are being recruited from New Jersey HIV test sites and infectious disease clinics and practices (goal=200 couples, endpoint=seroconversion). Exclusion criteria
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:319 (abstract no. W.C.3093)
Schoenbaum EE, Webber M; Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY, USA
To determine factors associated with recognition of HIV infection in females and males at an emergency room (ER) in the Bronx, NYC. From 4/16-5/5/89, ER charts from all persons greater than or equal to 13 yrs (n=2245) were reviewed for demography, diagnoses (DX), disposition, record of HIV infection
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:319 (abstract no. W.C.3092)
Kegeles SM, Catania J, Peterson J, Marin B, Fullilove M, Hulley S, Coates T; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), San Francisco, California, USA
To examine minority and white heterosexual men s and women s attitudes about condoms, self-efficacy to use condoms, and beliefs about condom efficacy. The AMEN (AIDS in Multi-Ethnic Neighborhoods) study is a household probability sample of 1770 unmarried adults who resided in high risk census tracts
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:318 (abstract no. W.C.3091)
Golden E, Catania J, Fullilove R, Peterson J, Coates T; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, CA, USA
To determine the relationship between the use of illicit drugs and high risk sex among heterosexuals at one year follow-up in a multi-ethnic cohort study. We conducted a cohort study of a random sample of 1,423 San Francisco residents (80% follow-up at one year) who were unmarried, and aged 18-44. I
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:318 (abstract no. W.C.3090)
Brechignac S, Lazizi M, Goujard C, Boue F, Dormont J, Delfraissy JF; Hopital Antoine Beclere Clamart-France
To determine the prevalence of antibodies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV seropositive patients contaminated through heterosexual contacts. Six hundred and eighty four HIV positive patients have been followed since 1984 in our unit. Blood specimens were retrospectively assayed by HCV antibody ELIS
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:318 (abstract no. W.C.3089)
Deschamps MM, Pape JW, Haffner A, Hyppolite R, Johnson WD Jr; GHESKIO, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
To determine if medical counseling alone with condoms distribution could change sexual behavior in at risk couples for HIV infection. 148 sexually active couples 89 discordant (D) 50 concordant (C) visiting our clinic from 1987-1990 for medical evaluation had a standardized questionnaire addressing
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:318 (abstract no. W.C.3088)
Salvadori P, Berini AM, Mazzoni G, Scarafuggi A, Di Maio MP; Public Health Service, USL 18 Empoli (FI), Italy
The main objective of this research is to show that during six years of observation since 1985 to 1990 (December, 31) the distribution of risk behaviour from advisary bureau users is changed. These users were divided by year of first presentation to advisary bureau (that serves a population of 130,000 inhabitan
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:317 (abstract no. W.C.3087)
Mhalu F, Ngaiza M, Swai AB, Mwakagile D, Bredberg RU, Biberfeld G; Muhimbili Medical Centre, Tanzania
To determine factors associated with HIV infection among a sample of bar and restaurant workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania . In 1988 a sample of bar and restaurant workers were instructed on HIV infection and measures for its prevention, including use of condoms. They were tested for HIV infection i
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:317 (abstract no. W.C.3086)
Kunanusont C, Weniger BG, Foy HM, Pruithithada N, Natpratan C; The HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Bangkok, Thailand
HIV rates in Thailand rose rapidly among IVDUs in 1988 and female prostitutes in 1989 and 1990. In June 1990 in Chiangmai, 18% (36/200) of male STD patients and 3.5% (10/289) of blood donors were HIV+. We studied this third wave of the HIV epidemic. We compared 69 HIV+ and 105 HIV- male STD patients
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:317 (abstract no. W.C.3085)
Zekeng L, Yanga, Sokal, Salla R, Kaptue L; Service de Lutte contre le SIDA, Yaounde, Cameroon
To examine HIV seroprevalence in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. As part of a sentinel surveillance program, 1050 randomly selected patients (73% male, 27% female) attending a STD clinic in Yaounde were examined between February 1989 and September 1990 (an average of
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:317 (abstract no. W.C.3084)
Niruthisard S, Roddy RE, Fortney JA, Chutivongse S; The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
To compare the irritation effects of 72 mg of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) with a placebo (vaginal lubricant) on the genital mucosa. 343 women were enrolled in a single blinded, randomized, controlled trial comparing 186 women (917 person-weeks) using N-9 with 157 women (755 person-weeks) using a placebo for 9
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:316 (abstract no. W.C.3083)
Wilson D, Lavelle S, Hood R, Mavesere D, Simunyu E, Zenda A; University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
To provide ethnographic, behavioural and logistic information to develop interventions for prostitutes and clients. 815 prostitutes (76% rural) and 918 clients (94% rural) from Zimbabwe s 10 provinces completed interviews examining sociodemographics, motivation for commercial sex, nature and organiz
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:316 (abstract no. W.C.3082)
Hira S, Kamanga J, Tembo G, Perine P; National STD Control Program, Zambia
To test the hypothesis that prompt management of conventional STDs, partner notification, preventive counselling and condom promotion have measurable impact on the incidence of STD (and HIV). The national STD Control Programme of Zambia launched in 1980 has a network of 47 STD/HIV clinics located at
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:316 (abstract no. W.C.3081)
Muller O, Byaruhanga T, Barugahare L; Free University of Berlin, Germany
To demonstrate first data from the AIDS Information Center (AIC), an anonymous counselling and testing site in Kampala. To evaluate the impact of pretest- and posttest-counselling on the incidence of HIV1 in a cohort of clients of the AIC. The statistics of the AIC of the first 8 months in 1990 are
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:316 (abstract no. W.C.3080)
Smith AN, Schoub BD, Johnson S, Lyons SF, Padayachee GN, Hurwitz H; Medical Research Council AIDS Virus Research Unit, Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The first two cases of AIDS in South Africa were described in white male homosexuals in 1982. As at the end of 1989 a cumulative total of 305 South African cases had been reported (on a voluntary reporting system), 206 of them in homosexual/bisexual men (195 of them white), but only 61 in heterosexuals (53 of them blac
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:315 (abstract no. W.C.3079)
O'Farrell N, Hoosen A, Coetzee K, van den Ende J; City Health STD Clinic, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa
To investigate sexual behavior in local Zulus with various causes of GUD. The microbial aetiology of 100 men and 100 women with GUD was investigated. Details of sexual behaviour and demographic, clinical and epidemiological features were recorded. 36 men and 36 women admitted sexual interco
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:315 (abstract no. W.C.3078)
Wright RA; National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, USA
Technical and statistical issues involved in estimating the number of persons engaging in behavior putting them at risk of HIV infection. During the pretest survey to estimate the number of persons currently infected with HIV in Dallas County, Texas a risk factor questionnaire was administered to a
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:315 (abstract no. W.C.3077)
Werneck E, Kritski AL, Castilho E, Galvao-Castro; Instituto de Tisiologia e Pneumologia-UFRJ
To measure the sensitivity and the specitivity of the RCCDA among patients with APT. BACKGROUND: Previous evaluation of the RCCDA has already shown that this definition has 90-100% of sensitivity and specitivity for HIV status in a general hospital (AIDS Case Definition-PAHO, Caracas, Venezuela
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:315 (abstract no. W.C.3076)
Garland SM, Kliman LJ; Department of Microbiology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3053
To examine whether routine antenatal screening for HIV is justified in Australia , where currently the epidemic among women is in its early stages. The prevalence of HIV amongst a high risk group of pregnant women (those using intravenous drugs) who are currently being routinely screened (with conse
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:314 (abstract no. W.C.3075)
Magnus P, Stigum H, Gronnesby JK, Bakketeig LS, Nilsen O, Lystad A; National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
On the basis of 1) a population based survey on sexual habits and 2) data from the national HIV surveillance system, to predict the extent of the heterosexual spread of HIV in Norway . A deterministic simulation model where the population is grouped according to sex, age and pairing status is employ
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:314 (abstract no. W.C.3074)
Ravinathan R, Amudhamozhi R, Chitra PC, Swaminathan R, Nandakumar N, Jayalakshmi M, Jayapaul K; Stanley Medical College, Madras
To investigate the sexual habits of male homosexuals and to inculcate condom use & AIDS awareness. A continuing prospective study carried out in two cities of Tamilnadu, southern province of India . Study group comprised of 4163 homosex cohorts of Jail inmates-Men (JM) and 185 commercial sex wor
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:314 (abstract no. W.C.3073)
Ramstedt K, Giesecke J, Forssman L, Granath F; Dept of Dermato-Venereology at Sociala Huset, Gothenburg
Models for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS, rely critically on mixing patterns in the population. For lack of better information, a random mixing pattern is often assumed. Partner notification for an STD makes it possible to study characteristics of pair formations. In a previous study we ha
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:314 (abstract no. W.C.3072)
Elmslie K, Mackenzie B; Federal Centre for AIDS, Health Protection Branch, Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada
To present the Canadian experience in the implementation of anonymous, unlinked HIV seroprevalence research. Anonymous, unlinked HIV seroprevalence research was initiated in Canada in 1989. Populations under study in various provinces include pregnant or childbearing women, sentinel hospital patient
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:313 (abstract no. W.C.3071)
Hu DJ, Nkowane BM; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
To consider different research study designs for estimating the potential risk of HIV transmission via breast-feeding. To develop a decision analysis model for determining risk levels and factors influencing policy recommendations for breast-feeding in developed and developing countries. Several stu
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:313 (abstract no. W.C.3070)
Debeaupuis J, Pillonel J, Brunet JB; Ministry for health, AIDS Division, Paris, France
Conceive a spreadsheet model for public health planning of AIDS cases and HIV infections. A spreadsheet model incorporates: (I), a column with a scenario of annual HIV infections for the period 80-93, compatible with recent HIV prevalence estimates and backcalculations for the period 80-89; (M), a 1
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:313 (abstract no. W.C.3069)
Hamill DN, Meyers LE, Cooley PC, Liner EC, van der Horst CM; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
To present the results from backprojection of the HIV epidemic using a flexible epidemic model. The results from backprojection are sensitive to the form of the HIV epidemic model chosen. Backprojection techniques have typically modeled the HIV epidemic as a step function or a standard probability d
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:313 (abstract no. W.C.3068)
Coady W, Gallagher K, Carr E, Oddleifson S, Shea B, vanBeuzekom M; Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
To evaluate the contribution of various surveillance methods to the reporting of AIDS cases. All 3600 AIDS cases reported in Massachusetts since 1983 (through December 31, 1990) were cross-tabulated by year of report and method (passive or active) of ascertainment. The number and percent of
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:312 (abstract no. W.C.3067)
Allen U, Read S, Detsky A; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
A decision analysis was conducted to determine the preferred management strategy and the role of short-term (6 weeks) zidovudine in the post-exposure management of rape victims. Three options were analyzed; TREAT NONE , TREAT ALL , and START ALL-COMPLETE SOME . In the TREAT NONE option, no one recei
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:312 (abstract no. W.C.3066)
Kirschner W; Epidemiological Research, Berlin/Federal Republic of Germany
Mandatory reporting of detected HIV-infection is one source of epidemiological information in the FRG. Nearly 50,000 reports had been received at the end of 1990. However, undetectable double reporting may lead to overestimations of the extent of the epidemic. Since 1988 a physician based monitoring system w
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:312 (abstract no. W.C.3065)
Plummer FA, Nagelkerke NJ, Moses S, Ngugi E; University of Nairobi, Kenya
To elucidate the possible role of core groups such as prostitutes and their clients in maintaining the heterosexual HIV epidemic in Africa and the effect of an intervention targeted at such core groups on the epidemic. To explore the effect of core group sexual interactions on the course of the HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:312 (abstract no. W.C.3064)
Porter K, McCormick A, Tillett HE; PHLS AIDS Centre: Communicable Dis Surveillance Centre, London, UK
Excess mortality has been observed which appears to be associated with HIV infection, but exceeds known deaths among people with AIDS, even allowing for under reporting. Through routine surveillance, this study seeks to identify the full impact of mortality known to be associated with HIV infection. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:311 (abstract no. W.C.3063)
Shiboski SC, Jewell NP; University of California, San Francisco, USA
To develop semiparametric regression methods for cross-sectional studies of HIV transmission. Available data on HIV transmission is often cross-sectional, with all observations of the time of virus transmission being left or right censored. Examples include studies of transmission in partners of pre
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:311 (abstract no. W.C.3062)
Gaudino J, Reardon J, Ruiz J, Lemp GF, Wilson MJ; Alameda County Health Services Agency, Oakland, California, USA
To estimate the number of IVDUs in the San Francisco Bay Area (SF) who are HIV-1 infected and evaluate the agreement between two different methods of estimation. 1) Age group-, ethnic-, and gender-specific HIV-1 seroprevalence rates and their respective 95% CI rates for IVDUs under treatment were ap
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:311 (abstract no. W.C.3061)
Sohlberg C, Kittelsen P, Eskild A, Magnus P; Oslo City Health and Environment Department
To study differences in survival after HIV seropositivity between injecting drug users and homosexual men in Oslo, Norway . 186 injecting drug users and 218 homosexual were followed with regard to survival from the date of HIV seropositivity diagnosis. The sample represents 100% of all registered HI
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:311 (abstract no. W.C.3060)
Miceli M, Perucci CA, Michelozzi P, Carboni A, Arca M; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
To evaluate the reliability of the exposure definitions (risk indicators) used in HIV Infection and AIDS Surveillance System. Reliability of two consecutive reports for each risk indicator estimated among 3,308 Surveillance records of HIV and AIDS reports using Kappa statistics (K), Yule coefficient
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:310 (abstract no. W.C.3059)
Perucci CA, Michelozzi P, Arca M, Spadea T; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
Description and analysis of HIV and AIDS epidemic and short term projections. Comparison and integration of data provided by: surveillance of HIV infection and AIDS cases; analytical studies; a mathematical model of the HIV epidemic in Latium. The table describes the occurrence of HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:310 (abstract no. W.C.3058)
Sangalli M, Chierchini P, Tasco C, Perucci CA, Michelozzi P, Arca M; Regional Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
To estimate time-specific validity of the Current Mortality Statistics (CMS), as regards the AIDS deaths occurring in Latium, using the Regional AIDS Surveillance System (RASS) as gold standard. The AIDS mortality data, collected on a mandatory basis by the RASS since 1985, were chosen as gold stand
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:310 (abstract no. W.C.3057)
Flahault A, Cazelles B, Nguyen Phong C, Valleron AJ; INSERM U263 - Universite Paris 7, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris cedex 05
We developed a mathematical model to predict the paediatric section of the epidemic in Paris, France for the next decade. This compartmental model simulated the IVDU and heterosexual transmissions and their consequence in terms of paediatric cases. The model took into account French data on fecondit
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:310 (abstract no. W.C.3056)
Pokrovsky VV, Eramova I, Savchenko I, Kuznetsova I; Specialized Research Laboratory for AIDS Epidemiology and Prevention, Moscow, USSR
Identification of HIV-transmission modes in the USSR. Epidemiological investigation including questioning, partner notification and contact tracing of HIV-infected persons. 565 Soviet citizens were known as HIV-positive up to 30.11.90. Sexual intercourse was identified as the main risk fact
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:309 (abstract no. W.C.3055)
Kerndt PR, Bregman DJ, Nagachinta TN, Welsh WD, Brown P, Cheng F, Janssen RS; Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, AIDS Epidemiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
To compare two methods for estimating HIV prevalence in Los Angeles County. HIV prevalence estimates were derived by two backcalculation and HIV testing data from three sentinel hospitals. Backcalculation uses AIDS case surveillance data adjusted for underreporting, delayed reporting, the 1
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:309 (abstract no. W.C.3054)
Froelicher ES, Alexander J, Beall G, Beer V, Turner P, Kerndt PR, Nahlen B, Farizo K; Los Angeles County Health Department, Los Angeles, CA
To provide a quantitative assessment of the inter-observer reliability for data abstracted from medical records for the Adult Spectrum of HIV-AIDS Disease study at three Los Angeles County sites. A systematic stratified (by site) sample of 50 of the first 1040 abstracted records was used for duplica
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:309 (abstract no. W.C.3053)
Richardson AM, Cowan FM, Brettle RP, Willocks L, Bath G; City Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
To assess the accuracy of AIDS projections in predicting the utilisation of health care. The 1983-84 Edinburgh epidemic of HIV has been the subject of two projections of bed day use in 1987 and 1990. A retrospective survey of HIV/AIDS bed use was undertaken for the years 1986 to 1990 and compared wi
Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21; 7:309 (abstract no. W.C.3052)
Jacobson L, Dudley J, Hoover DR, Bacellar H, Metz S, Kingsley L, Chmiel J, Schrager LK; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Bethesda, MD, USA
Background: Pre-AIDS dropout occurs in HIV-1 cohort studies. Survival analyses that censor dropouts at their last visit (CDLV) may be biased: non-random pre-AIDS dropout (NRD) from debilitating effects of AIDS causes positive bias; dependent recovery (DR), i.e. post dropout AIDS obtained from other sources (doctors, re
