Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We59 (abstract no. WeD 1078)
Coyne PF, Donoghoe MC, Hunter GM, Stimson GV; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, University of London, England.
To examine condom use amongst IDUs in London 1990 and 1991. Two major surveys of injecting drug users (IDUs) in London conducted using a structured questionnaire in 1990 (N = 534) and 1991 (N = 516) as part of a WHO collaborative study on HIV prevalence and risk behaviours. A common sampling and
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We59 (abstract no. WeD 1077)
Brodin M, Serfaty A, Lombrail P, Alfaro C; Department of Public Health, Xavier Bichat School of Medicine, University of Paris, France.
to analyze and compare the time between the 1st reports of AIDS cases related to IDU, and the implementation date of preventive interventions (PI) addressing HIV infection among IDUs as a function of the level of intensity of sanction against DU. The study examined: 1)epidemiologic dat
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We59 (abstract no. WeD 1076)
Michels II; Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe, Berlin.
In spite of high knowledge about the ways of transmission (needle sharing; drug sharing; unsafe sex) structural obstacles hinder the realisation of AIDS preventive messages among IVDU in Germany (non availability of sterile syringes; criminalization of drug consumation; social and health misery; missing
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We59 (abstract no. WeD 1075)
Tross S, Abdul-Quader AS, Silvert HM, Simons P, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman S; Narcotics and Drug Research Inc., NY.
FSPs are among the fastest growing group at risk for HIV sexual transmission in the U.S. They are also among the hardest to reach through HIV prevention programs--because they are often unaware of their HIV risk, disenfranchised and multiply stressed. This study uses storefront-based, street outreac
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We59 (abstract no. WeD 1074)
Kall K, Olin R; Department of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
To evaluate sexual HIV risk behaviour among injecting drug users (IDUs). 184 detained IDUs at the Remand Prison in Stockholm were invited to participate in a voluntary structured interview on sexual behaviour on and off drugs. Participants were selected from an ongoing HIV epidemiological study. On
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We58 (abstract no. WeD 1073)
Ntebela M, Frencken H; Science Department, Molepolole College of Education, Botswana.
Secondary school Science teachers in Botswana were involved in an AIDS prevention campaign by Inservice providers. On the initiative of the teachers the campaign got a strong momentum of its own and now involves teachers of other subjects, primary school teachers and students. In Janu
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We58 (abstract no. WeD 1072)
Randev P, Kabakchieva E; Institute of Psychology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Development, implementation and evaluation of effectiveness of an educational programme on AIDS and sex education for Bulgarian secondary schools. ASEPA Project is a complex education programme and evaluation research on its effectiveness that was carried out in 50 secondary schoo
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We58 (abstract no. WeD 1071)
O'Byrne DJ, Baldo M, Kolybine VA, Sicola G, Chui J, Jones J, Feek W;
(1) To provide an update of ongoing HIV prevention and control activities in schools; (2) to present an overview of the concept, principles and strategies for action for implementing comprehensive school health education (CSHE) and to discuss the rationale and basic content of HIV education within this compr
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We58 (abstract no. WeD 1070)
Baker C, Rich R, Wulf K; Los Angeles Unified School District, CA.
This paper addresses the lessons learned, i.e., problems and successes, in implementing an HIV/AIDS curriculum into the instructional program for four years at the elementary, junior high, and senior high grade levels of the 600,000 students in Los Angeles Unified School District. While Los Angeles is one of the world-
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We58 (abstract no. WeD 1069)
Beazley R, Warren WK, King AJ; Dalhousie University, Halifax.
A three year program development and evaluation project is being conducted, sponsored by the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada and funded by National Health Research and Development Program, Health and Welfare Canada. Its purpose is to assess the effects on students of a 20 hour program which is bas
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We58 (abstract no. WeD 1068)
Jacobson M, Simba S; Selian Lutheran Hospital, Arusha, Tanzania.
Epidemiology shows that sexual transmission of HIV takes place at a young age in Tanzania . It is then critically important that children learn about AIDS before they become sexually active. Introducing AIDS education into primary schools is controversial given cultural and religious concerns about encou
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We52 (abstract no. WeD 1043)
Miller MD, Yasutomi Y, Shen L, Koenig S, Fuerst T, Woods R, Emini E, Gould-Fogerite S, Mannino RJ, Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA.
We assessed the capacity of two types of novel subunit vaccines to generate CD8+ CTL responses in rhesus monkeys: a synthetic peptide/liposome formulation and a live recombinant Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vector. We have previously shown that simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)-inf
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We52 (abstract no. WeD 1042)
De Vries P, Heeney J, Morein B, Osterhaus AD; Laboratory of Immunobiology, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Comparison of protection afforded by iscome and MDP adjuvanted whole inactivated virus in a SIV-macaque model. Eight macaques (Macaca mulatta) were vaccinated four times with an SIV iscom vaccine, eight with an MDP adjuvanted whole inactivated SIV vaccine, four with a measles virus (MV) iscom vacci
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We52 (abstract no. WeD 1041)
Rovinski B, Cao SX, James O, Sia C, Zolla-Pazner S, Matthews T, Klein M; Connaught Centre for Biotechnology Research, Ontario, Canada.
To develop an AIDS vaccine candidate consisting of genetically engineered noninfectious HIV-like particles capable of eliciting cross-reactive immune responses. Using the inducible human metallothionein IIa promoter, we engineered two HIV-1LAI-based expression vectors encoding heterologous sequences
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We52 (abstract no. WeD 1040)
Sastry KJ, Nehete P, Venkatanarayanan S, Morkowski J, Platsoucas CD, Arlinghaus RB; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.
Efforts to generate a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have focused on inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses are a major defense against viral infections and more importantly CTL epitopes can be defined by short synthetic peptides. We have develope
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We52 (abstract no. WeD 1039)
Sia C, Matthews T, Chong P, Bolognesi D, Klein M; Connaught Centre for Biotechnology Research, Willowdale, Ont., Canada.
To construct synthetic HIV vaccine candidates using defined T-and B-cell epitopes of the HIV structural proteins. Two pairs of chimeric peptides were synthesized. The first pair, CLTB-28 and CLTB-32 contained two contiguous neutralizing epitopes mapped by human monoclonal antibodies (residues 307-32
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We62 (abstract no. WeC 1095)
Reinking DP, Albers CE, Postma MJ, Jager JC, van den Boom FM; Netherlands Institute of Mental Health (NcGv), Utrecht.
To assess the necessity, purposiveness and effectiveness of AIDS-prevention activities for the years 1992-2000. (1) integrative research (literature study and consultation of experts) on developments in HIV-infections, size of risk groups, riskful behavior and the impact of AIDS-prevention so far;
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We62 (abstract no. WeC 1094)
Downs AM, Ancelle-Park RA, Brunet JB; European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, Paris, France.
To estimate, by back calculation, prevalence levels of HIV infection and advanced stage HIV-related disease in the European Community (EC). AIDS surveillance data reported by December 1991 were adjusted for reporting delays and under-reporting. Back calculations used a 2-stage incubation period with
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We62 (abstract no. WeC 1093)
Mantel C, Tarantola D, Lepisto E, Jain N, Shahi G, Mann JM; Global AIDS Policy Coalition, International AIDS Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston.
The reported number of persons with AIDS gives an incomplete picture of the global situation. We used a simple multi-stage modeling approach to better determine the dynamics of the pandemic. (1) From a Delphi survey, estimates of AIDS reporting efficiency were produced in each of ten defined region
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We62 (abstract no. WeC 1092)
Kaplan EH, Heimer R; Yale School of Organization and Management, New Haven, CT.
To verify our earlier prediction that HIV incidence has been reduced among IDUs in the New Haven needle exchange program. A syringe tracking and testing system (STT) was established whereby all needles distributed by the program receive unique tracking codes, and a sample of returned needles are tes
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We62 (abstract no. WeC 1091)
Verdecchia A, Mariotto A, Capocaccia R, Mariotti S; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
To present an age, period, and cohort (APC) approach both to estimating and analyzing HIV epidemics and to a reconstruction of the HIV epidemics in Italy . METHODS. In a back-calculation framework, a system of integral equations is defined, relating AIDS counts to the probability of new infections among the
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We61 (abstract no. WeC 1090)
Namanja G, Liomba G, Sokal D, Delay P, Johnston A, Stover J, Bernstein R; AIDS Secretariat, Malawi.
To make projections of the AIDS epidemic and its impacts in Malawi between now and the year 2000. We used a spreadsheet type model to create plausible high and low scenarios corresponding to future incidence rates of new HIV infections of 1% and 2% per year, and compared these scenarios with projec
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We61 (abstract no. WeC 1089)
Lopez L, Orozco S, Hernandez-Avila M, Ramirez A, Hernandez G, Sepulveda J; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico.
To evaluate the risk factors associated with the transmission of HIV to sexual partners of HIV infected subjects. A mixed cross-sectional longitudinal study was carried out in Mexico City, from October 1989 to December 1991. In all, 345 couples were identified and interviewed in various settings in
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We61 (abstract no. WeC 1088)
Massimo M, Angarano G, Saracco A, Nicolosi A, Gasparini M, Arici C, Ricchi E, Lazzarin A;
To evaluate the influence of antiretroviral therapy on the infectiousness of infected partners in stable couples discordant for HIV. METHODS. Multicenter prospective study of 396 seronegative, non drug using, female steady partner of HIV infected men. RESULTS. There were 27 seroconversions in a total of 649.
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We61 (abstract no. WeC 1087)
Deschamps MM, Pape JW, Beaulieu ME, Thermil K, Johnson WD Jr; GHESKIO, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
To determine the incidence of HIV seroconversion and the associated co-factors in sexually active (SA) discordant (D) couples. From 10/85 to 10/91, despite counseling 158 of the 380 (D) couples enrolled in our clinic remained (SA): 125 females (F) (HIV-) spouses and 33 males (M) (HIV-) spouses of H
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We61 (abstract no. WeC 1086)
Simmonds P, Zhang LQ, Holmes EC, MacKenzie P, Brettle RP, Leigh Brown AJ; Dept of Medical Microbiology, Univ. Edinburgh.
AIMS: To investigate the influence of virus load and determinants of virus tropism and pathogenicity in the env gene, on the probability of transmission of HIV-1 by heterosexual contact. STUDY GROUP: Since 1985, a large cohort of HIV-1 infected individuals and their regular heterosexual partners have been followed up.
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We61 (abstract no. WeC 1085)
Feldblum P, Hira S, Godwin S, Kamanga J, Mukelabai G; Family Health International, NC.
To measure the association between consistent spermicide use and HIV incidence, and consistent condom use and HIV incidence, among HIV-discordant couples. HIV-discordant couples visit the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka quarterly. After informed consent, they are counseled on HIV risk reduct
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We57 (abstract no. WeC 1067)
Wade A, Dieng-Sarr A, Diallo AA, Dlakhate L, Coll-Seck AM, Ndoye I, Diadhiou F, Ba S, Gaye A, Thiam A, et al; Universite C.A.Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
To establish networked sentinel surveillance to survey the evolution of the HIV epidemic. This will allow a description of the actual status of the HIV epidemic and evaluate the epidemiological trends by serial evaluation. Consecutive sampling of all subjects within each sentinel group was employed
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We57 (abstract no. WeC 1066)
Siby T, Thior I, Marlink R, Diaw PA, Traore I, Hellinger J, Ndoye I, Mboup S, Kanki P, Essex M; Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
To compare the clinical and immunological evolution HIV-2 vs. HIV-1 infection. Since 1987, asymptomatic female sex workers visiting the National STD Clinics in Senegal have been enrolled in a prospective study including clinical follow-up, T-cell subsetting in the latter 2 years of study, and tuber
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We57 (abstract no. WeC 1065)
Sibailly TS, Adjorlolo G, Gayle H, Ekpini E, Brattegaard K, Doorly R, Kestens L, Ou CY, George R, De Cock KM; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan.
To compare perinatal transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 and outcome in children born to HIV-1- and HIV-2-positive mothers. Women delivering in an Abidjan maternity were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. HIV-2-positive women and their offspring were followed and compared with HIV-1-positive and se
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We57 (abstract no. WeC 1064)
Leisenring W, Donnelly C, Sandberg S, Kanki P, Awerbuch T; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
To use maximum likelihood estimation theory to estimate and compare the infectivity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a sexually-active high-risk population. Data was collected in a prospective study (1985-1990) of registered prostitutes from Dakar, Senegal providing information about average number of partners
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We57 (abstract no. WeC 1063)
Rouzioux C, Mayaux MJ, Blanche S, Burgard M, Griscelli C; Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
To determine the frequencies of the transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from mother to child. PATIENTS: All newborns to HIV seropositive mothers born in 62 french hospitals are included in the French Prospective Study and followed prospectively. 1) The positivity for HIV-1 or HIV-2 is determined at del
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We56 (abstract no. WeC 1062)
Duliege AM, Felton S, Goedert JJ; Genentech, So. San Francisco, CA.
To update our previous report on twins (Lancet 1991;338:1471), with emphasis on genetic and intrapartum factors. 50 investigators in 11 countries contributed demographic, clinical and epidemiological retrospective data on 147 sets of twins and 2 sets of triplets. Data were analyzed by McNemar s test
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We56 (abstract no. WeC 1061)
Scarlatti G, Albert J, Rossi P, Biraghi P, Massironi E, Fenyo EM; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
The factors that protect the child from infection from their mother are still unknown. Many attempts have been done to find maternal markers prognostic for transmission. We have attempted to study maternal immunological response to the virus by neutralization assay against homologous as well as against hete
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We56 (abstract no. WeC 1060)
De Rossi A, Ometto L, Mammano F, Zanotto C, Giaquinto C, Chieco-Bianchi L; Dept of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy.
To assess early diagnosis of perinatal HIV-1 infection, and define prognostic markers for AIDS onset. METHODS. Virus culture was performed by culturing patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with normal PHA-stimulated PBMC. HIV-1 copy number was determined by direct Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We56 (abstract no. WeC 1059)
Thomas P, Weedon J;
To identify characteristics in pregnant HIV+ women that predict transmission of HIV-1 to the infant. METHODS. Data including demographics, illicit drug use, STD history, clinical HIV illness, and CD4, immunoglobulin, and hemoglobin levels were collected on pregnant women at risk for HIV. Babies were followed
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We56 (abstract no. WeC 1058)
Hom D, Guay L, Kenya-Mugisha N, Ball P, Olness K, Ndugwa C, Kataaha P, Goldfarb J; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Determine the natural history and vertical transmission of HIV infection in infants born to HIV infected women in Kampala, Uganda . Infants of selected HIV positive and negative women were prospectively followed in a study of HIV infection. History and physical exam were done at regularly scheduled
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We56 (abstract no. WeC 1057)
[No authors listed];
To evaluate whether the second of 2 children born to a mother with known HIV infection is more likely to be HIV-infected (inf) than the first exposed sibling (sib). Sibs born to HIV-inf mothers and followed in 5 prospective HIV perinatal transmission studies in the U.S. were analyzed according to th
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We51 (abstract no. WeC 1038)
Cameron C, Tarantola D; Global AIDS Policy Coalition, International AIDS Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
To estimate the global inpatient and outpatient costs of AIDS care in 1990. To compare this cost with per capita gross national product (GNP). A review of the literature was undertaken to gauge the annual inpatient and outpatient costs per AIDS case. A survey was conducted in 37 countries which prov
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We51 (abstract no. WeC 1037)
Glied S, Sisk JE; Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY.
1) To develop and evaluate a method of calculating the cost implications of practice guidelines for pediatric HIV care and 2) to compare alternative methods of estimating the per unit cost of services to pediatric HIV patients. From records of 3 New York City hospitals, we abstracted the services p
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We51 (abstract no. WeC 1036)
Andrulis DP, Weslowski V, Hintz E, Spolarich A, Rathbun J; National Public Health and Hospital Institute, Washington, D.C.
To compare, document and analyze hospital care for inpatients meeting the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) AIDS definition and other HIV-infected individuals not meeting these criteria, who were treated in U.S. hospitals during 1988 and 1989. Hospitals from four national associations, representing
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We51 (abstract no. WeC 1035)
Esteves R, Huang L, Pessoa V, Mallet A, Lima M, Cortes E; Brazilian AIDS/STD Programme, Ministry of Health.
To determine direct costs of hospitalization for AIDS patients in Brazil . We did a pilot study involving 127 AIDS patients admitted to three university hospitals, in four different cities. Medical records were reviewed regarding costs of diagnostics procedures, laboratory tests, XRays, surgeries, a
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We51 (abstract no. WeC 1034)
de Bruijn E, van den Boom FM, Jager JC, Ruitenberg EJ; Netherlands Inst. of Mental Health, Utrecht.
Apply research findings of HIV/AIDS-scenarios to long-term public health planning. The Steering Committee on Future Health Scenarios (STG) in the Netherlands is set up to create public health scenarios in order to support long-term public health planning. The STG-project National scenarios concerni
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We50 (abstract no. WeC 1033)
Hellinger FJ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, US Dept. of Health and Human Services.
To forecast the cost of treating persons with HIV in the United States from 1992 to 1995. This is the first study to use data from the AIDS Cost and Service Utilization Survey (ACSUS) to estimate the cost of treating persons with HIV. The ACSUS is a comprehensive examination of the services utilized
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We50 (abstract no. WeC 1032)
Genser SG, Ratner MJ; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD.
To ascertain the geographic generality, context and implications for HIV transmission of involvement in the exchange of sex for crack cocaine. Experienced research teams in 8 US cities conducted ethnographic field work among hard-core crack users and completed 340 taped interviews with participants
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We50 (abstract no. WeC 1031)
Burack JH, Stall RD, Barrett DC, Coates TJ; San Francisco General Hospital, CA.
To determine whether, in a cohort of HIV-infected gay and bisexual men, a high level of depressive symptomatology predicts more rapid decline of CD4 counts, progression to AIDS, and death. Analysis of data from the San Francisco Men s Health Study, a prospective population-based cohort study with s
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We50 (abstract no. WeC 1030)
Buskin SE, Hopkins SG, Farizo KM; Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, WA.
PCP is the most frequent AIDS-defining illness. Although previous studies have found no association between PCP and cigarette smoking, no reports have examined the association using various levels of smoking, as measured by pack-years. As part of a CDC-funded surveillance project, medical records
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We50 (abstract no. WeC 1029)
Weatherburn P, Davies PM, Hunt AJ, Hickson F, Coxon AP, McManus TJ; South Bank Polytechnic, London, UK.
To test the hypothesis that alcohol use causes, or contributes towards engagement in unsafe sex in a sample of homosexually active men in England & Wales. In 1991 430 homosexually active men were interviewed and asked to recall each sexual encounter and each drinking episode in the previous week
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We50 (abstract no. WeC 1028)
Edlin BR, Irwin KL, Ludwig DD, Serrano Y, Word C, McCoy C, Byers RH, Holmberg SD; CDC, Atlanta, Ga.
Crack cocaine use is prevalent among youth in many U.S. urban neighborhoods. Preliminary reports suggest that crack smokers may be at high risk of acquiring HIV infection heterosexually. We undertook a study to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among crack smokers and their risk factors for infection
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We49 (abstract no. WeC 1027)
Craib KJ, Schechter MT, Le TN, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS; Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study (VLAS) Group, UBC & BC Centre for Excellence in HIV and Related Viral Diseases, Canada.
A considerable number of people continue to question the role of HIV in the pathogenesis of AIDS. One of the main proponents of this school of thought, Prof. P. Duesberg, wrote in 1988 (Science 1988; 242: 997-8) and repeated in a public address in 1991 that the necessary comparisons in controlled cohorts
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We49 (abstract no. WeC 1026)
Holmes EC, Zhang LQ, Mackenzie P, Harvey E, Baker C, Simmonds P, Leigh BA; Division of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland.
To establish, using reliable nucleotide sequence (phylogenetic) markers, contact networks of the epidemic of HIV-1 in Edinburgh. Such data will provide information on the number and origin of strains entering the Edinburgh population and whether different social/behavioural groups are characterised by diffe
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We49 (abstract no. WeC 1025)
Ou CY, Auwanit W, Pau CP, Luo CC, Kalish M, Takebe Y, Bandea C, Lee-Thomas S, George JR, Schochetman G, et al; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
To determine the molecular epidemiology of the HIV explosion in Thailand since 1988 and to develop peptide-based serologic assays to facilitate HIV-1 subtyping. Blood samples were collected in 1991 from infected persons with various risk behaviors from 7 provinces. HIV proviral DNA was amplified th
To investigate the evolution of the gp120 V3 region in the course of the HIV-1 epidemic in the Dutch homosexual population. MATERIALS AND Direct sequences, 278 nucleotides long, were made of viral genomic RNA amplified from early seroconverter sera of homosexual men. Ten sequences were generated fro
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We49 (abstract no. WeC 1023)
McCutchan F, Louwagie J, van der Groen G, Piot P, Myers G, Burke D; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD.
Genetic variation of HIV-1 and the geographic distribution of genetic variants are important considerations for HIV-1 vaccine development. A global surveillance of HIV-1 isolates is being conducted to supplement and extend the current genetic database for HIV-1. More than two hundred geographically
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We49 (abstract no. WeC 1022)
Korber BT, Myers G; Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, N.M. 87505.
To go beyond simple nucleotide or amino acid distance relationships (percent similarities) as the basis for tracking HIV relatedness, it is desirable to objectively establish amino acid signature patterns, or HIV fingerprints. HIV amino acid sequences, i.e., sibling sequences, from a given infected
Effective treatment of ACV-R HSV infections in patients with AIDS is currently limited to intravenous foscarnet (FOS). We evaluated the efficacy of topically applied TFT, an anti-HSV nucleoside analogue in an open pilot, multi-center study. Patients with mucocutaneous HSV lesions unresponsive to gr
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We54 (abstract no. WeB 1055)
Cameron W, Sparti P, Pietroski N, Pearce D, Eron L, Sullam P, Conant M, Bianchine J, Gupta S, Schoenfelder J, et al; Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa General Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
Disseminated MAC infection is one of the most common serious complications of the late stages of AIDS. This study (Adria 087027) evaluates rifabutin (RIF) prophylaxis of MAC bacteremia in AIDS. This Phase III randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of RIF 300 mg/day studied 5
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We54 (abstract no. WeB 1054)
Peters M, Bergmann F, Grunewald T, Pohle HD, Ruf B; II. Department of Internal Medicine, Rudolf Virchow University Hospital, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.
Cytomegalovirus infections cause severe sight-threatening retinitis, colitis and encephalitis in up to 50% of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in advanced stages of immunosuppression. Ganciclovir and Foscarnet are effective antiviral agents. Chronic maintenance intravenous therap
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We54 (abstract no. WeB 1053)
Polis MA, Koenig S, Kramer A, Boppana S, Britt W; NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD.
To determine the effect of cytomegalovirus ( CMV )-specific antibody levels on the time to retinitis progression in persons with HIV infection who were treated with foscarnet for CMV retinitis. Baseline serum samples for CMV-specific antibodies were blindly assayed in 22 persons with HIV infection a
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We54 (abstract no. WeB 1052)
Chaisson RE, Benson CA, Dube M, Hafner R, Dellerson M, Lichter S, Smith T, Sattler FR; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.
To determine the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin (CLR) therapy for disseminated MAC disease in patients with AIDS. Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose ranging study. Patients received CLR 500 mg, 1000 mg, or 2000 mg BID for 12 weeks. Quantitative mycobacterial blood cultures were perfo
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We54 (abstract no. WeB 1051)
van de Van E, Melchers W, Kraaijeveld C, Galama J; University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
The diagnosis of the opportunistic infection toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients can be difficult; serology is not reliable and other techniques (microscopy, antigen detection, mouse inoculation and tissue culture) are either insensitive or time consuming. Therapeutic treatment of immunocompromised
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We54 (abstract no. WeB 1050)
Solorzano R; STD clinic, Clinica Municipal No. 3, Guatemala, City.
To determine the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin in the treatment of Chancroid Ulcers. 240 patients with clinical diagnosis of chancroid were included. Two groups of 120 patients each were studied. One group was treated with Ciprofloxacin 1 gr. PO as a single dose and the secon
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We48 (abstract no. WeB 1021)
Gwanzura L, Mason P, Winter M, Katzenstein D; University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare.
There is conflicting data on the presence or absence of P. carinii in patients with pneumonitis in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was undertaken in order to demonstrate unequivocally the presence of P. carinii in specimens from HIV positive patients and to determine which diagnostic procedure was most approp
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We48 (abstract no. WeB 1020)
Toma E, Fournier S, Dumont M, Bolduc P, Deschamps H; Hotel-Dieu de Montreal, Canada.
To assess the safety and efficacy of clindamycin/primaquine (C/P) in comparison with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) as primary treatment of AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ). This was a randomized, double-blind trial conducted at one university hospital. Sixty-five indivi
Preliminary studies suggested that a hydroxynaphthoquinone, 566C80, was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of PCP . We compared the efficacy and safety of 566C80 and TMP-SMZ in the treatment of PCP in AIDS. A randomized, double-blind study enrolled 322 AIDS patients with mild (A-a[DO2] l
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We48 (abstract no. WeB 1018)
Schneider MM, Hoepelman IM, Danner SA, Nielsen TH, van der Graaf Y, Weigel HM, van der Ende ME, Kolsters AF, Borleffs JC; University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND. Primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) is recommended for HIV-infected patients and a CD4-cell count lower than 200 per mm3. There are no studies reported assessing the efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine versus low dose of co-trimoxazole in primary prevention of PCP. So we condu
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We48 (abstract no. WeB 1017)
Girard PM, Landman R, Gaudebout C, Jelasko P, Gaudebout C, Certain A, Olivares R, Coulaud JP; INSERM U13, Paris, France.
To compare D/P vs AP for primary prophylaxis of PCP and to assess the value of D/P for primary prophylaxis of neurotoxoplasmosis. From July 89 to December 90, a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial recruited 362 symptomatic HIV patients (pts) with CD4 lymphocytes count below 200/mm3 and withou
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We48 (abstract no. WeB 1016)
Quieffin J, Montaner JS, Guillemi SA, Lawson LM, Levitt N, Le TN, Ruedy J, Schechter MT; St. Paul's Hospital/UBC.
To evaluate the effect of the early introduction of oral corticosteroids (CS) in patients with mild AIDS-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ). We conducted a subgroup analysis of a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial, restricted to patients whose baseline oxygen saturation
U-87,201E is a non-nucleoside RT inhibitor which was well tolerated when administered to both normal healthy males and asymptomatic HIV+ patients in single oral doses up to 1,600mg. This study was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of U-87,201E in normal healthy males follo
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We47 (abstract no. WeB 1014)
Van Leeuwen R, Boucher C, Katlama C, Ingrand D, Kitchen V, Weber J, McDade H; Academic Medical Centre & National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Centre, Amsterdam.
INTRODUCTION. 3TC (GR109714X) is the single (-) enantiomer of the racemic mixture 2 -deoxy-3 -thiacytidine (BCH189), a nucleoside analogue originally synthesised by Biochem Pharma Inc (formerly IAF Biochem), Montreal. 3TC has been shown to have activity against a wide spectrum of laboratory and clinical strains of HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We47 (abstract no. WeB 1013)
Saag MS, Douglas J, Lapidus W, DeLoach LJ, Maples V, Laskin O, Massan F, Whitley R, Kappes J, Shaw G, et al; University of Alabama, Birmingham.
To evaluate the safety and relative antiretroviral activity of a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, L697, 661 (L661), versus standard therapy with zidovudine (ZDV). Sixty-three HIV-1 infected patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts between 201 and 500 cell/mm3 and 60 with CD4 counts
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We47 (abstract no. WeB 1012)
Barditch-Crovo P, Ganes D, Duncanson F, van der Horst C, Polsky B, Petty B, Faulkner R, Kuye O, Yacobi A, Lietman P, et al; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
To assess the hematologic toxicity of FLT (3 -deoxy-3 -fluorothymidine), an anti-HIV nucleoside analog more potent than zidovudine. 14 AIDS/ARC patients were enrolled in a 16 week concentration-controlled, multiple oral dose study at 0.125 mg/kg q12h initially. In subjects who received drug
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We47 (abstract no. WeB 1011)
Dunkle L, Anderson R, McLaren C, Cross A, Brown M, Gugliotti R, Adler M, Kaul S; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT.
To determine the pharmacokinetics and preliminary evidence of safety, activity, and efficacy of Stavudine ( d4T ) in HIV seropositive patients with fewer than 500 CD4+ cells/ul. d4T was administered orally in 2, 3 and 4 daily doses totaling 0.
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We47 (abstract no. WeB 1010)
Anderson RE, Meyer W, Balch F, Brown M, Ramirez-Ronda C, Schwartz R, Petersen E; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT.
To measure the effects of Stavudine ( d4T ) on quantitative HIV-1 culture and plasma acid-dissociated p24 antigen (PAP24). Forty-seven HIV+ subjects with less than 500 CD4+ cells/ul were assigned at random to receive oral d4T at 0.
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We60 (abstract no. WeA 1084)
Ndoye I, Sakho ML, Tardi M, Diaw I, Mbacke KD, Sarr LC, Mboup S; Centre MST de l'IHS, Dakar, Senegal.
To improve the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment of STD. 1. Study on the prevalence of STD, including the importance of antimicrobial resistance. 2. Study on the knowledge and feasibility of algorithms for diagnosis of STD. 3. Cost-efficacy study on the treatment of STD using drugs from the
To analyse the quasispecies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of hemophiliacs probably infected from the same source. HIV-1 was isolated from PBMC by cocultivation with negative donor chord blood lymphocytes (CBL). Characterization o
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We60 (abstract no. WeA 1082)
Fouchier RA, Groenink M, Kootstra NA, Tersmette M, Huisman HG, Miedema F, Schuitemaker H; Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
The third variable (V3) domain of HIV-1 gp120 elicits type specific neutralizing antibodies, and contains a type specific T-cell epitope. V3 is critical for gp120 function, and has been implied in determining the virus phenotype including fusion capacity and monocytotropism. Fusion capacity of virus isolate
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We60 (abstract no. WeA 1081)
Vanden Haesevelde M, Peeters M, Willems B, Saman E, vander Groen G, Van Heuverswyn H; Innogenetics N.V., Ghent, Belgium.
The immunodeficiency virus, SIVcpz-ant, isolated from a wild captured chimpanzee, was molecular cloned and sequenced. The purpose was to document the genetic diversity exhibited by the two SIVs isolated from chimpanzees and confirm their position within the HIV/SIV family. Primers and nested primers
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We60 (abstract no. WeA 1080)
Gao F, Yue L, White A, Pappas P, Barchue J, Hanson A, Sharp P, Shaw G, Hahn B; University of Alabama, Birmingham.
Current understanding of the natural history and phylogeny of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) derives from studies of culture-amplified viruses from urban populations experiencing epidemic spread of infection and disease. Since tissue culture is highly selective for viral strains with an in vitr
Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) are widely present in African Green monkeys (AGM) and may have evolved in parallel with their natural host species. However, information to date is limited to viruses of only three species: the vervet, the grivet and the sabaeus green monkeys. We present here a genetic s
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We53 (abstract no. WeA 1049)
Yamamoto H, Ringler DJ, Miller MD, Yasutomi Y, Hasunuma T, Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772.
An infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes in the dermis and epidermis underlies the skin rash which commonly occurs as a manifestation of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. We functionally characterized these skin rash-associated lymphocytes in SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys. Lymphocy
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We53 (abstract no. WeA 1048)
Visscher B, Detels R, Kan JL, Dudley J, Giorgi J, Lee M; UCLA School of Public Health.
To compare the immunologic profile of 30 persistently HIV antibody-negative men (who had a very high number of different partners) from whom HIV isolations were obtained at least once with comparable persistently HIV seronegative men in the MACS. Numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, CD4 cells
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We53 (abstract no. WeA 1047)
Shearer G, Clerici M; Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
To determine whether alterations in the function of TH1 and TH2 helper cells are present in HIV infection. Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were measured in antigen-and mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (HIV+)
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We53 (abstract no. WeA 1046)
Di Rienzo AM, Furlini G, Olivier R, Ferris S, Montagnier L; Unite d'Oncologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
We investigated the unresponsiveness to mitogenic stimulation of human lymphocytes triggered by HIV-1 or gp120. Moreover, in order to assess the importance of this anergy phenomenon, the proliferation of chimpanzee peripheral blood lymphocytes triggered by gp120 has been analyzed as well. Before or
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We53 (abstract no. WeA 1045)
Meyaard L, Otto SA, Jonker RR, Mijnster MJ, Keet IP, Miedema F; Centr Lab of the Neth Red Cross Blood Transf Service, Amsterdam.
The early stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by qualitative functional defects of antigen-reactive T cells. With only few cells infected, this can not be explained by direct viral infection. We hypothesized that probably due to a systemic immune dysregulation, T-cells fro
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We53 (abstract no. WeA 1044)
Gougeon ML, Garcia S, Heeney J, Montagnier L; Oncology Viral Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.
Because in HIV infection loss of CD4+ T cells cannot be solely explained by direct viral infection, we hypothesized that due to immune dysregulation, T cells are primed for programmed cell death upon antigenic stimulation. PBL from HIV-infected asymptomatic patients were stimulated in vitro by iono
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We46 (abstract no. WeA 1009)
Koken S, van Wamel J, Goudsmit J, Geelen JL, Berkhout B; Human Retrovirus Laboratory, UvA, Amsterdam.
The HIV-1 LTR functions as the transcriptional promoter and contains multiple regulatory elements. Variation within these elements may have profound effects on the viral replication rate and viral pathogenicity. The goal of this study was to detect and analyze naturally occurring length variations in the HI
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We46 (abstract no. WeA 1008)
Willey R, Maldarelli F, Chen MY, Martin MA, Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Analysis of the HIV-1 vpu gene product and its effects on viral and cellular proteins. HIV-1 subgenomic and CD4 expression plasmids were generated using standard molecular biological techniques. Assays were performed by transfecting HeLa cells followed by metabolic labelling of transiently expresse
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We46 (abstract no. WeA 1007)
Shank PR, Newstein M, Lee I; Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI.
We wished to define the role of various cellular cofactors which interact with the Tat protein and the TAR region in the process of trans-activation. We have used transient transfection assays of various LTR driven reporter plasmids along with Tat expression vectors into rodent cells. Rodents are g
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We46 (abstract no. WeA 1006)
Gatignol A, Chang YN, Jeang KT; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Induction of HIV expression is due to activation by cellular and viral factors. Tat, the trans-activator of HIV-1 acts through an RNA target TAR (trans-activator responsive) to activate DNA elements in the promoter in an appropriate cellular setting. This suggests important interactions between Tat, DNA/RNA
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We45 (abstract no. WeA 1005)
Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Schwartz S, D'Agostino DM, Campbell M, Korneyeva M; Human Retrovirus Section, NCI-FCRDC, Md 21702.
To characterize the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of HIV-1 gene expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study of the molecular properties of HIV-1 shows that it is a highly complex regulated system. These studies have provided important insights in the function of HIV, and a
We are pursuing a comprehensive investigation of the rev axis of HIV autoregulation. We report a series of experiments to study the interaction between rev and its viral RNA target sequence, the rev responsive element (RRE), to assess the contribution of cellular factors to the rev axis, and to understand t
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We45 (abstract no. WeA 1003)
Warrier S, Pinter A, Honnen WJ, Chou TC, Tilley SA; Public Health Research Institute, NY, NY.
To develop ChMAbs against new HIV neutralization epitopes and determine the ability of these ChMAbs to synergistically neutralize HIV in combination with mAbs against other neutralization epitopes. A ChMAb was derived by EBV-transformation of PBMC from an HIVIIIB-infected animal that was boosted wit
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We45 (abstract no. WeA 1002)
Chen ZW, Shen L, Miller MD, Hughes A, Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA.
To determine whether cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have a role in selecting AIDS virus mutants, we examined mutations in SIVmac proviral DNA encoding a gag CTL epitope in PBL of infected rhesus monkeys. SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys expressing the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alle
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We45 (abstract no. WeA 1001)
Back N, Smit L, Nara PL, Ramautarsing C, Tersmette M, Goudsmit J;
To analyze the mechanism of neutralization resistance of a V32 HIV-1 strain, recovered from an HIV-1 IIIB infected chimpanzee. Neutralization of the resistant virus V32 by a panel of V3 antibodies and human sera was investigated. Effects of virus stock preparation on neutralization was tested with
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:We45 (abstract no. WeA 1000)
Sodroski J, Thali M, Wyatt R, Posner M, Tilley S, Ho D, Robinson J; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
To identify mutants of HIV-1 that escape neutralization by antibodies recognizing conserved elements of the gp120 glycoprotein and to characterize the mechanism of escape. Panels of HIV-1 mutants were screened for ability to be neutralized by monoclonal antibodies that recognize conserved, disconti
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu42 (abstract no. TuD 0577)
Malewska J;
AIDS prevention, mostly condom promotion among special kind of young people who are on the edge of the risk. They often don t go to schools, don t watch TV or listen to the radio. Youth Section cooperates with many rock and punk music groups with nightclubs and discos. We talk about AIDS with youth an
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu42 (abstract no. TuD 0576)
Unda R, Acevedo HL, Sotomayor J, Feliciano C, Carmona J, Gonzalez L, Kouri Y; Harvard Institute for Int. Development.
While some countries are debating whether to provide AIDS education in elementary schools, we present an ongoing program designed and implemented at the preschool level. With the endorsement of the Mayor of San Juan, in May 1991 the Education Department of the San Juan AIDS Instit
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu42 (abstract no. TuD 0575)
Hausser D, Michaud PA; University Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Since 1986 the Swiss Public Health authorities have run the STOP-AIDS preventive campaign. An important part of this effort is directed towards adolescents. Both locally and nationally, various actions have developed that put the emphasis on regular and steady condom use. to measure trends in a
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu42 (abstract no. TuD 0574)
Baker K; Anti AIDS Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
The need for youth-specific and peer-group AIDS education. Clubs are a way to support young people who want to avoid AIDS and to teach their friends about AIDS. PROJECT The first Anti AIDS Club started in late 1987. The Project offers free registration and materials, newsletters, competit
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu42 (abstract no. TuD 0573)
Bennett D, Bender E, McCabe T, Parra D; Colorado River Tribes Social Services.
Culturally sensitive education programs for young Native Americans sometimes ignore the fact that communities of young people are developing their own cultural referents, some of which are based on traditional culture and some of which are not. Core groups of young people on an ur
To investigate the effects of IFN-gamma on persistently HIV infected cell lines of T lymphocytic (J1) and promonocytic origin (U1). U1 and J1 cells were cultured with IFN-gamma either alone or in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha/-beta (TNF-alpha/-beta).
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu37 (abstract no. TuD 0552)
Poli G, Kinter AL, Bressler P, Biswas P, Stanley SK, Fauci AS; LIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing HIV expression in persistently infected cells of both T lymphocytic and monocytic origin. Chronically infected cell lines were generated by limiting dilution cloning of the cell population surviving the acute phase of in vitro infection with either v
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu37 (abstract no. TuD 0551)
Nobuyuki K; Department of Virology and Parasitology, Yamaguchi University, School of Medicine, Japan.
We have proposed the hypothesis (Virus Genes,4,183,1990, AIDS 5,1405,1991) that Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) possibly involved in the progression of AIDS. We found that TNF augment HIV replication (Jpn.J.Cancer Res. 79, 156,1988, Med.Microbiol.Immunol,177,181,1988, J. Virol.63,2504,1989) and at the same time
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu37 (abstract no. TuD 0550)
Weissman D, Poli G, Bousseau A, Fauci AS; LIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
To investigate the potential role of a pharmacological antagonist of PAF, RP 55778, on HIV replication in acutely as well as chronically infected cells. CD4+ T and promonocytic cell lines (Jurkat, MT4, U937), mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected with HIV-1 in the pres
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu37 (abstract no. TuD 0549)
Reka S, Garro M, Kotler DP; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hosp, Columbia U, NY, NY.
To determine the pattern of cytokine expression in rectal mucosa of HIV-infected individuals and to correlate cytokine expression with disease stage and HIV expression. Previous studies have correlated HIV antigen detection in the intestine with clinical symptoms and with histologic and biochemical evidence
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu37 (abstract no. TuD 0548)
Scadden DT, Wang Z, Goldberg MA; Div. of Hematology/Oncology, New England Deaconess Hospital.
Serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels are depressed in anemic AIDS patients relative to controls. The basis for abnormal modulation of Epo has not been defined. The hepatoma cell line Hep3B produces Epo in response to hypoxia and serves as a model for the study of Epo regulation. Hep3B cells are infectible with HIV-1 and w
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu36 (abstract no. TuD 0547)
Kavi AR;
The homosexual community in Bombay has taken an initiative in developing a safer-sex educational intervention using peer group counselling services. The paper addresses the problems in a country where homosexuality is officially decried and the condom is heavily promoted as a family planning device. DESCRIPTION:
In gay bars and discotheques distribution of printed material such as posters or leaflets, as a prevention strategy has its limitations. Are there ways to affirm the social norm of having safe sex more effectively? And is it also possible to give gay men peer support about the coping strategies necessary
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu36 (abstract no. TuD 0545)
Kippax S, Dowsett GW, Davis M, Rodden P, Crawford J; J. Macquarie University AIDS Research Unit, School of Behavioural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
The sustaining of safe sexual behaviour is of concern with respect to the prevention of HIV. This issue is explored with reference to a volunteer sample of men who have sex with men who took part in a longitudinal study. The sexual practices and safe sex strategies of the men were
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu36 (abstract no. TuD 0544)
Rietmeijer C, Davis T, Martindale C, Kane M, Cole V, Schnell D, Cohn D; Denver Disease Control Service, CO.
To evaluate stages of behavior change (SBC) in a community-based intervention program for men who have sex with men but do not gay identify (MSM). Based on principles from different behavior-change theories, a community-based intervention has been developed to promote safe-sex behavior among MSM. P
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu36 (abstract no. TuD 0543)
Kelly JA, Sikkema KJ, Winett RA, Solomon LJ, Roffman RE, Kalichman SC, Stevenson LY, et al.; Med. College of WI.
This project reports on a randomized, multicity field trial of a community-level HIV prevention model shown promising in earlier research for producing population-wide risk behavior change. Gay men in 16 small, isolated U.S. cities were studied, and the intervention tested a diffusion of innovation/peer inf
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu36 (abstract no. TuD 0542)
Neal RB Jr; Association Marocaine de Lutte Contre le SIDA, Rabat, Morocco.
Communicating information about avoiding HIV infection to men who have sex with other men is perceived to be difficult if not impossible due to negative societal reactions to homosexual activity and the lack of a visible gay community. A trial project was set up that included goin
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu30 (abstract no. TuD 0520)
Bellinger G Jr, Mays VM, Cochran SD; Black C.A.R.E., LA, CA.
When U.S. homosexually active Black men seek AIDS-related services, they face the possibility of racial and/or sexual orientation discrimination. Although an issue frequently raised by ethnic minority activists, little research has documented the types and extent of this discrimination. Questionnair
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu30 (abstract no. TuD 0519)
Phillips KA; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco.
This study analyzed the association between 1988 state screening policies and voluntary HIV testing utilization. Most states regulate screening, but states vary widely in their policies. Previous studies have not controlled for other factors related to utilization or have analyzed data not representative of
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu30 (abstract no. TuD 0518)
Marquez A, Licea G; GIS-SIDA, AC., Mexico, D.F.
Seropositive women in Mexico should face a double discrimination, first as HIV seropositive and second as women; besides they are confronting many problems of social, clinical, medical and psychological nature. Through in-depth interviews to HIV women attending GIS-SIDA our work team is
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu30 (abstract no. TuD 0517)
Ramos-Filho CF, Vieira W, Berbara V, Fahrat J, Lacerda MC, Melo LA; Regional Council of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro (CREMERJ).
In Rio de Janeiro, HIV-infected individuals are often denied medical attention and/or health insurance coverage, once their condition is known. ACTION: CREMERJ is an independent, statutory institution, to which all practising physicians in the State must belong. Any health institution, or third-party paying or
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu30 (abstract no. TuD 0516)
Carrasco E; OPL-SIDA/MSAS (Office for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Venezuelan Ministry of Health.
HIV/AIDS pandemic is not only a problem of public health, affecting our community, but also a problem of humanity with ample social, cultural, economic, political and legal dimensions and consequences. Discrimination and rejection of people with HIV/AIDS and the so-called risk-groups, affect seriously th
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu41 (abstract no. TuC 0572)
Buchbinder SP, Katz M, Hessol N, O'Malley P, Barnhart J, Holmberg S; AIDS Office, San Francisco, CA.
To determine the time from HIV seroconversion (SC) to the development of AIDS and death in homosexual men in the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort (SFCCC) and to describe immunologic parameters of a subsample of men infected over 10 years who remain healthy. We identified 562 men with well-defined S
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu40 (abstract no. TuC 0571)
Zolopa A, Vranizan K, Meakin R, Moss AR; Stanford University Medical Center.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV and Tb infection (PPD+) in homeless adults, and to investigate the relationship between these two infections in this high risk population. This population-based cross-sectional study has enrolled 916 subjects from public shelters and free meal lin
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu40 (abstract no. TuC 0570)
Eastwood EA, Callaghan M, Bonuck K; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
To examine the demographic and clinical features associated with geographic variation among hospital discharges with both HIV illness and active tuberculosis within New York City and their change over time. All 1988-1990 discharges from New York City area hospitals with dual ICD-9-CM diagnoses of H
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu40 (abstract no. TuC 0569)
Mungai M, Nunn P, Nyamwaya J, Gicheha C, Brindle R, Dunn D, Githui W, Were J, McAdam K; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi.
To compare i) the prevalence of tuberculosis and tuberculin skin test reactivity among the household contacts of HIV-1 positive and negative patients with tuberculosis, and ii) the susceptibility for tuberculosis of HIV-1 positive and negative household contacts. 250 contacts of 52 HIV-1 negative in
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu40 (abstract no. TuC 0568)
Dooley S, Edlin B, Pearson M, Ikeda R, Coronado V, Valway S, Crawford J; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
Identify factors leading to nosocomial transmission of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). Clusters of MDRTB cases were investigated in 6 hospitals. Between 1988 and 1991, nosocomial outbreaks of MDRTB ranging 17-29 cases occurred in 4 New York City (NYC) hospitals and a fifth hospital
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu40 (abstract no. TuC 0567)
Sckell B, Selwyn PA, Alcabes P, Schoenbaum E, Klein R, Friedland G; Montefiore Medical Ctr./Albert Einstein Coll. of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
(1) To determine the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected (HIV+) injecting drug users (IDUs) with cutaneous anergy, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis in HIV+ tuberculin reactors (PPD+) in a methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP). Design: Histor
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu40 (abstract no. TuC 0566)
Matela B, Mundele L, Mosengo M, Nsuami M, Manzila T, St. Louis Me, Heyward W; Project Sida, Kinshasa, Zaire.
To define the natural history of HIV-1 infection in HIV(+) mothers, in Zaire . Since December 1986, all pregnant women presenting to the maternity in active labor, were tested for HIV-1 antibodies. A consent was then asked in order to participate to the study. A prospective cohort study was carried
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu35 (abstract no. TuC 0541)
Magruder C, Gardner L, Jenkins P, Evans K, Lado L; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC.
To examine sexually transmitted disease (STD) trends in a large military population and describe the characteristics of soldiers diagnosed with STDs. This information is being used to better target behavioral interventions for HIV prevention in a large population of mainly heterosexual, non IV drug using so
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu35 (abstract no. TuC 0540)
Wynendaele B, Bomba W, M'Manga W; Demographic Unit, Chancellor College EC AIDS Project, MACP, LLWE, Malawi.
To determine the effect of std counseling on std incidence and on risk reducing behaviour towards AIDS/HIV transmission in STD patients in Malawi . A pretest, posttest control group design has been used. Indicators were established through interviews on KAPB relating to AIDS, CONDOM USE and clinical
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu39 (abstract no. TuB 0565)
Mugerwa RD; Dept. Medicine, Makerere Medical School.
Many developing countries have high HIV incidence rates. These conditions make such countries ideal sites for HIV vaccine efficacy studies. However, HIV vaccine trials pose many ethical, legal and logistical problems in addition to straining the existing human and material resources. DESCRIPTION OF PROJE
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu39 (abstract no. TuB 0564)
Birx DL, Ammann A, Berman P, Lucas C, Gregory T, Obijeski J, Twaddell T, Aronson N, Johnson S, Kim J, et al; WRAIR, Washington, DC.
Determination of safety and immunogenicity of rgp120(lai) in early stage HIV positive patients. Forty-two early stage HIV infected patients from Walter Reed Army Medical Center have been enrolled into a multiple dose (100, 300, 600 ug) and schedule (0, 1, 4, 8, 16 vs. 0, 8, 16 weeks) rgp120(lai) tri
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu39 (abstract no. TuB 0563)
Redfield RR, Birx DL, Vahey M, Johnson S, Loomis L, Michael N, Polonis V, VanCott T, Davis C, Brundage J, et al;
To evaluate the long term safety and immunogenicity of rgp160 in patients with early HIV infection. Thirty volunteers with Walter Reed Stage 1 and 2 HIV infection were immunized with a baculovirus expressed rgp160 vaccine using increasing dosage (40ug, 160ug, 640ug) via two immunization schedule (da
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu39 (abstract no. TuB 0562)
Blick G, Buchanan S, Crook S, Diamond M, Smith G, Volvovitz F; Southern New England Community Consortium, Greenwich, CT.
To evaluate the toxicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant gp160 envelope precursor and p24 core proteins in HIV-infected individuals regardless of initial CD4+ cell count. PATIENT SELECTION: Initially, 30 individuals with AIDS, ARC and asymptomatic HIV infection were randomly enrolled in October 1
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu39 (abstract no. TuB 0561)
Valentine F, Katzenstein D, Haslett P, Beckett L, Borucki M, Vasquez M, Smriti K, Smith G, Korvick J, Kagan J, et al; New York Univ. Med. Cntr.
To determine the safety and immunogenicity of escalating doses of rgp160 in infected subjects with greater than 400 CD4 lymphocytes per mm3. 52 healthy subjects seropositive for both HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen were randomized to receive immunizations with recombinant hepatitis vaccine, or
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu39 (abstract no. TuB 0560)
Tsoukas C, Sampalis J, Gold P, O'Shaughnessy M, Wainberg M, Smith G, Volvovitz F; McGill AIDS Center, Montreal, Canada.
OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant HIV envelope precursor protein VaxSyn (R) (rgp160) HIV-1 in HIV infected asymptomatic individuals with CD4 counts much greater than 500 cells/mm3. METHODS--21 patients (pts) were enrolled in a phase I study. Ten received 160ug (Group A) and 11 received
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu34 (abstract no. TuB 0539)
Veccia S, Giacometti A, Cinti B, Drenaggi D, Cirioni O, Scalise G; Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Ancona, Italy.
The aim of this study was to value the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in sera of patients with AIDS and proved mycobacterial infection. ADA activity was evaluated in sera of 17 subjects with mycobacterioses at the time of diagnosis: twelve infections caused by Mycobacterium tubercu
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu33 (abstract no. TuB 0538)
Hawken M, Nunn P, Gathua S, Godfrey-Faussett P, Brindle R, Githui W, Odhiambo J, Gilks C, Morris J, McAdam K; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi.
To compare the recurrence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-1 positive and negative patients. 63 HIV-1 positive and 136 HIV-1 negative patients completed treatment with either thiacetazone and isoniazid daily for 12 months supplemented by streptomycin for the first month only, or daily rifampicin, ison
A retrospective study was performed to evaluate risk factors for tuberculosis in families with HIV-infected mothers. Between July 1, 1986 and December 31, 1991, 162 infants born to 150 HIV-infected mothers were followed at the pediatric unit of our hospital. Tuberculosis was diagnosed (cli
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu33 (abstract no. TuB 0536)
Wadhawan D, Hira S, Mwansa N, Perine P; University Teaching Hospital, Zambia.
1. To determine the rate of development of active tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected persons; 2. To assess efficacy of isoniazide (INH) chemoprophylaxis in preventing development of active TB. METHODS. A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study is underway at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu33 (abstract no. TuB 0535)
Busillo C, Mullen M, Soumakis S, Lessnau K, Sanjana V, Davidson M, Talavera W; Cabrini Medical Center, New York, N.Y. 10003.
Outbreaks of MDR-TB in patients infected with HIV have recently been described. We report an increased rate of MDR-TB in patients hospitalized at our medical center with 24 of 72 patients with TB between 12/90 and 5/91 as compared with 8 of 132 patients from 1982-1987. Nineteen cases of MDR-TB were identified in patien
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu33 (abstract no. TuB 0534)
Fischl M, Uttamchandani R, Daikos G, Poblete R, Moreno J; Lai S. Univ. of Miami.
To evaluate an outbreak of MDR-TB in patients with HIV infection. Retrospective cohort study of TB among patients with HIV infection since 1988 and a nested case control study to evaluate risk factors for MDR-TB. Sixty-two cases with MDR-TB and 55 controls with susceptible-TB were identifi
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu33 (abstract no. TuB 0533)
Nunn P, Odhiambo J, Githui W, Gathua S, Wasunna K, Morris J, McAdam K; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi.
To determine and compare mortality rates and causes among HIV-1 infected TB patients treated with either standard or short course drug regimens. 107 HIV+ and 174 HIV- TB patients were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study and followed monthly in Nairobi, Kenya . Treatment was with either the stand
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu32 (abstract no. TuB 0532)
Anastos K, Denenberg R, Solomon L, Rein S; Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, NY.
To determine the relationship of immune function as measured by CD4-cell counts and clinical disease stage with the prevalence of cervical cytologic abnormalities and gynecologic infections in HIV-infected women in continuity care in an inner-city community. Data were collected from all screening g
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu32 (abstract no. TuB 0531)
Faye-Ndao MA, Diack-Mbaye A, Woto-Gaye G, Critchlow C, Langley C, Kiviat N, Coll-Seck AM; Faculty of Medicine, Dakar, Senegal.
To determine whether an association exists between HIV infection and cervical dysplasia. A case-control study has been underway at the Infectious Diseases Department in Dakar ( Senegal ) from June 1991 to February 1992. Women enrolled in the study underwent a standardized interview and clinical
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu32 (abstract no. TuB 0530)
Keller J, Anderson J, Abrams J, Stanton D, Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
To describe the results of cervical cytology and associated variables in a population of women with HIV infection. Retrospective chart and pap smear review conducted on 78 HIV+ women at the Johns Hopkins Hospital HIV clinic. The racial distribution was 83% black, 17% white. The mean age was
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu32 (abstract no. TuB 0529)
Miotti P, Dallabetta G, Liomba G, Wangel A, Daniel R, Saah A, Shah K, Chiphangwi J; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
To assess the association between cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), HPV infection and HIV-1 infection in Malawian women. 286 post-partum women of known HIV-1 serostatus were administered a questionnaire and had an STD screen and PAP smear. Blood samples were obtained for measurement o
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu32 (abstract no. TuB 0528)
Regevik N, Sen P, Raska K Jr, Raskova J, Middleton J, Nilsson S, Jiminez G, Jenson AB; Raritan Bay Med. Ctre., P.A., N.J.
To determine the significance of cervical human papilloma ( HPV ) infection and its correlation with immune status and Papanicolaou (PAP) smear abnormalities in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Study subjects were recruited from the outpatient HIV/AIDS women s clinic. An ex
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu32 (abstract no. TuB 0527)
Klein RS, Adachi A, Fleming I, Ho GY, Burk R; Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
To determine colposcopic findings and clinical outcome in HIV+ women with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) on PAP smears. HIV+ and HIV- women from a methadone maintenance treatment program who were enrolled in a study of the natural history of HIV infection had interview for HIV and
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu29 (abstract no. TuB 0515)
Matusa R, Ilie M; Spitalul Municipal, Constanta, Romania.
To describe the epidemiologic and clinical features between 2 month and 5 years old of 650 cases of paediatric AIDS identified in Constanta district in Romania since September 1989. Because of the lack of opportunistic infectious diagnosis with exception of TB, it was found better to use a modified
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu29 (abstract no. TuB 0514)
Castelli G, Benaglia G, Campelli A, Caselli D, Chiodo F, Duse M, Elia L, Fundaro C, Giaquinto C, Guzzanti E, et al;
A nationwide programme has been set up to investigate the tolerance and the efficacy of long term oral AZT administration in HIV infected children. In 45 centers participating in the programme 272 patients (2 months to 14 years) with symptomatic HIV infection (CDC-P2) have been enrolled in an open p
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu29 (abstract no. TuB 0513)
Hoyt L, Palumbo P, Demasio K, Oleske J, Connor E; Department of Pediatrics, UMD-New Jersey Medical School.
To describe measles serostatus, vaccine responsiveness and the course of measles infection in a cohort of HIV-infected children during an epidemic in Newark, New Jersey 1990-91. Medical records of HIV-infected children followed at the Children s Hospital AIDS Program were reviewed to obtain results
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu29 (abstract no. TuB 0512)
Miles SA, Baldwin E, Magpantay L, Wei L, Stiehm R, Toedter G, Hofheinz D, Bryson Y; UCLA CARE Center.
Early identification of HIV-1 infection in infants born to seropositive mothers is important. We evaluated a rapid, simple serologic assay for its ability to correctly identify HIV infection in this population. Coulter HIV p24 antigen assay was performed with glycine-HCl dissociation and tris-buffe
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu29 (abstract no. TuB 0511)
Burgard M, Rouzioux C, Blanche S, Mayaux MJ, Griscelli C; Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
To assess the diagnostic value of viral culture and antigenemia in neonates included in the French Pediatric Prospective Study since 1988. PATIENTS: From April 1988 to August 1991, 355 samples from neonates born to HIV-1 mothers were tested in the Virology s Laboratory of Hopital Necker, 145 infants had a s
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu29 (abstract no. TuB 0510)
Dallabetta G, Miotti P, Liomba G, Chiphangwi J, Wangel AM, Nyirenda M, Saah A, Meyers L, Graham N; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
To establish the diagnostic utility of cervical friability (CX FRIAB) and cervical discharge (CX DIS) on physical exam and leukocyte esterase dipstick (LED) for cervicitis caused by N. gonorrhoeae (GC) or C. trachomatis (CT) in an STD clinic. 505 consecutive women presenting to an STD clinic had a p
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu38 (abstract no. TuA 0559)
Andrieu JM, Lu W, Manolikakis G, Tourani JM, Lowenstein W, Eme D; Israel-Biet, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Hopital Laennec, Universite de Paris V, France.
To evaluate the relationship between the frequency of infectious HIV+ cells in the blood of asymptomatic subjects and the rate of circulating CD4 cell depletion and disease progression within the next 3 years. Out of more than 1000 HIV-1 infected subjects who were referred to us, 103 were selected o
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu38 (abstract no. TuA 0558)
Kok W, Klevits T, von Gemen B, Adriaanse H, von Strijp D, Schukkink R, Sooknanan R, Malek L, Huisman H, Bruisten S, et al; Organon Teknika, Boxtel, The Netherlands.
Use of NASBA(tm) technology to develop a method for sensitive and accurate non-radioactive detection of HIV RNA in clinical samples and a method for quantification of the viral load in these samples. First a simple preparation method (based on GuSCN/silica) is used to isolate nucleic acid (DNA and
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu38 (abstract no. TuA 0557)
Semple MG, Kaye S, Ayliffe UJ, Loveday C, Tenant-Flowers M, Weller IV, Tedder RS; Division of Virology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, UK.
To investigate the relationship between HIV-1 viraemia, disease progression, antiretroviral therapy and the emergence of drug resistant strains in the following patient groups: babies, children and adults. Serum samples from 66 anti-HIV-1 negative blood donors, 6 anti-HIV-1 negative STD clinic attend
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu38 (abstract no. TuA 0556)
Dragon E, Butcher A, Kinard S, Kung K, McCreedy B, Salter L, Spadoro J, Wang J; Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Branchburg, NJ.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a single-primer pair, coupled with a microtiter plate (MTP) hybridization format, has been evaluated for the detection of HIV-1 DNA in clinical specimens. Leucocytes were obtained from whole blood by a rapid lysis procedure that eliminates the need for gradient
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu38 (abstract no. TuA 0555)
Bieniasz PD, Ariyoshi K, Weber JN; St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
To analyse the HIV load in peripheral blood by RNA PCR, DNA PCR, tissue culture infectious doses and antigen ELISA. 12 HIV infected subjects were examined for their viral load in plasma and PBMC. Plasma TCID/ml and PBMC TCID/10(6) cells were determined by a limiting dilution tissue culture method us
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu38 (abstract no. TuA 0554)
Ascher DP, Roberts C, Fowler A; Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, TX.
The p24 core antigen is a poor prognostic factor for disease progression in HIV infection. The p24 antigen is only detectable in a minority of asymptomatic HIV infected individuals and thus is a specific but not sensitive marker. The low recovery rate of p24 antigen is in part felt to be secondary to immu
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu31 (abstract no. TuA 0526)
Yu X, Yuan X, Essex M, Lee TH; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
To study the functional role of the cytoplasmic domain of HIV-1 transmembrane protein (TM) in viral replication, and the potential use of gp41 mutants to block HIV-1 replication. In-frame stop codons were introduced into the region of the gp41 cytoplasmic domain. Viral Env protein synthesis, proces
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu31 (abstract no. TuA 0525)
Matsuda Z, Yu XF, Yu QC, Essex M, Lee TH; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
We define a virion-specific interfering molecule (VSIM) as a molecule which can be specifically targeted into virions to disrupt their structure or function. The essential elements of a potential VSIM are a virion-association motif and a potential interfering domain. Toward the design of a VSIM against HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu31 (abstract no. TuA 0524)
Caruso M, Tzikas G, Roussel M, Alizon M, Klatzmann D; CNRS URA D1463, Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, France.
We constructed HIV-trigerred booby trapped cells for gene therapy of HIV infection by placing a gene encoding a toxic protein under the control of the HIV regulatory sequences. We used the expression of diphtheria toxin (DTA) as a sensitive assay to investigate whether one could achieved appropriate control of the toxi
Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24; 8:Tu31 (abstract no. TuA 0523)
Balzarini J, Perez-Perez MJ, San-Felix A, Velazquez S, Camarasa MJ, De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
A novel class of nucleoside analogues (i.e. 1-[2 ,5 -bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-3 -spiro- 5 -[4 -amino-1 ,2 -oxathiole-2 ,2 -di-oxide]pyrimidines), designated TSAO, have been found to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but not HIV-2, simian immu
