Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-6)
Kallings I, Brihmer C, Sikstrom B, Mardh PA; Natl Bact Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genital infections in young Swedish women have a high incidence with 2,060 cases per 100,000 women 20-24 years old in 1991 despite the fact that the total number of reported Ct infection has decreased during recent and that gonorrhoea and syphilis has been virtually eradicated as
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-5)
Darrow W, Harris B, Schaffner A, Marx R, Pittman E, Jonah C; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
We assessed patterns of condom use reported by STD clinic patients 10 years before and 10 years after AIDS was recognized in 1981. Consecutively admitted patients at an STD clinic in Sacramento County (1970 pop. 631,498), California, were invited in 1971 to complete self-administered questionnaires (SAQs); that clinic
To evaluate the effectiveness of condom (CON) in reducing STD episodes, to evaluate the impact of CON promotion in Lusaka among STD clients. 500 consecutive STD patients (PT) at the OPD followed up for 6 months with CON intervention. RESULTS: M(ale):F(emale) is 3:1.40% M & 50% F married. PT acqu
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-3)
Namssenmo A, Simone F, Lansky A, Moran J, Stern R, Somse P; Bambari Regional Hospital, Central African Republic.
Partner notification is one of the few practical means for identifying and treating persons with asymptomatic STD in areas where screening tests are unavailable. Early diagnosis and treatment of STD can be an effective means of reducing HIV transmission. To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a par
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-2)
Njeru EK, Ngugi EN, Moses S, Eldridge G, Plummer F; University of Nairobi, Kenya.
In trying to control the AIDS epidemic, management of STDs is especially important. Sexual partners of STD patients need special attention in order to accomplish this. To establish baseline characteristics of STD clients partners and identify intervention measures that would increase the referr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-1)
Mertens T, Burton T, Carael M; WHO/GPA, Geneva, Switzerland.
GPA/WHO has developed a core set of global indicators to assess the progress of HIV prevention activities and methodologies to measure them. One key area is the monitoring of the extent to which STD control is being realized. A draft protocol of a Health Facility Survey to assess appropriateness
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-6)
Tarantola D, Mann J, O'Malley J; Global AIDS Policy Coalition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
To assess the vulnerability of nations in the world to HIV/AIDS. METHOD: National (collective) vulnerability to future spread of HIV can be pragmatically assessed by considering (1) the individual factors which influence the risk of acquiring HIV infection or of being deprived from adequate care and support,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-5)
Burton T, Carael M, Mertens T; WHO/GPA, Geneva, Switzerland.
In recognizing the importance of evaluation for optimizing the current preventive programmes, GPA/WHO has developed a set of priority prevention indicators to assess the progress of HIV prevention activities. One key area is the monitoring of the knowledge of preventive practices and behavioural change. M
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-4)
Smith GW, Mykhalovskiy E; Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto.
In this presentation we advance a new research practice for doing social science. Most AIDS research, whether quantitative or qualitative, is organized and directed by governments, universities, and professional researchers. The questions addressed are those relevant to these institutional sites. They are formulated in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-3)
Ahlberg BM, Kimani VN, Krantz I, Kirumbi LW, Persson G; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Multi-disciplinary health research has in practice meant that research problems are defined by biomedical disciplines. Social scientists are invited to operate within the biomedical paradigm. AIDS research in Africa has been dominated by the biomedical paradigm. Biomedical research has established an infectious etiolog
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-2)
Carrillo E, Tovar M, Rios F, Rico B, del Rio C; CONASIDA, Mexico.
To develop an economic and efficient evaluation tool for educational interventions, and particularly to measure the impact of mass-media campaigns. BACKGROUND AND CONASIDA s AIDS-Hot line (TELSIDA) has been working since 1987 and has been gradually improved from a manual to a computerized system, th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-1)
Campbell ID, Rader AD, Bodwell S, Malama-Kean M; Salvation Army International Headquarters, London, UK.
INTRODUCTION/PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: As the rate of virus transmission outstrips capacity for field programme response, it is becoming increasingly important to define tools for catalysing new, effective field programme responses. Field based technical assistance may be one answer that is cost effective. This has been tri
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-6)
Hayes B, Pappas L; San Francisco AIDS Foundation, California.
Development, coordination, and evaluation of early intervention campaigns are the subjects of this presentation. The discussion focuses on the multi-city Be Here for the Cure campaign, which was created by the San Francisco AIDS Foundation with the assistance of HIV-positive women and men. The campaign was presented si
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-5)
Bronfman M, Gonzalez M, Palma R, Rico B, del Rio C; El Colegio de Mexico.
In Mexico , 10% of AIDS cases have lived in the US. in states with high migration rates this figure can increase to > 30%. In the US hispanics are over represented in AIDS statistics. This problem has received media coverage. Mexico, concerned about the potential impact of migration on the AIDS epidemic,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-4)
Gurubacharya VL, Suvedi BK; AIDS Prevention & Control Project, Kathmandu, Nepal.
To search for an alternative method for developing mass awareness on AIDS in a country where the literacy rate is very low, the people have very limited access to the mass media and has difficult terrain. METHOD: A national street drama group Sarbanam was invited to stage a drama about the mode of transmissi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-3)
Wasserfallen F, Stutz ST, Summermatter D, Hausermann M, Dubois-Arber F; Federal Office of Public Health, Bern.
INITIAL PURPOSE: Prevent new HIV infections amidst the sexually active population in Switzerland through the promotion of condom use. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: Since 1987, the promotion of condom use is carried out via the multimedia STOP AIDS campaign (posters, advertisements, TV spots). The always use a condom me
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-2)
Rodriguez L, Ortega G; PATH seconded to AIDSCAP Project/Family Health International, Arlington, VA.
To increase the positive impact of massive AIDS prevention campaigns through strategies that combine massive impact on public opinion and work with key sectors and decision makers of the community. A concrete case carried out in Colombia will be analyzed. METHOD: A new strategy was implemented which combine
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-1)
Ikpeme O, Akonjom E, Efa A; Cross River Radio, Nigeria.
To enlighten the general population (urban and rural) on the use of condoms. METHOD: During the last World AIDS Day celebration, an outreach campaign tour was taken by members of the Society Against the Spread of AIDS (SASA). SASA comprises of men working in print/electronic Media, had an interpersonal couns
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-6)
Mataka EN;
AIDS is becoming a leading cause of death between the ages of 19-45 years in developing countries leaving young children vulnerable and placing unprecedented demands on the traditional kinship coping mechanisms. THE PROJECT/RESPONSES: An enumeration and needs assessment survey done in Matero East--a high density part o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-5)
Sharpe U, Ssentongo R, Ssenyonga A, Ssamula B; Mobile AIDS Home Care/Orphans Program, Kitovu Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.
To what extent are orphans engaged in sexual activities and why? Is it possible to influence sexual behaviors in orphans? PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Uganda has many orphans due to war and AIDS. There are an estimated 161,000 orphans (children
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-4)
Nduati RW, Muita JW, Olenja J, Muiva E, Muthani N, Manguyu F;
To determine the prevalence, causes and outcome of orphanhood in Kibera urban slum in Nairobi. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 684 households. SAMPLING: Cluster sampling within the nine villages comprising the slum. RESULTS: Mean household age 4.86 and 55% of the population is under 18 years
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-3)
Lwihula G, Over M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
In a cross-section survey of 843 households in northwestern Tanzania , households experienced 1089 deaths in the last 12 months, of which 258 were household members and the rest were relatives of household members residing outside the household. For household members, households reported spending approximately 50% more
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-2)
Semali I, Ainsworth M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
This paper presents the relation between adult deaths and child weight and height, among children under five from the first wave of a longitudinal household survey in NW Tanzania . Child nutritional status can be affected through two channels--contraction of HIV from the mother, and through the negative socioeconomic e
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-1)
[No authors listed];
PURPOSE: Ten countries of Eastern and Central Africa are decimated by AIDS. One of the tragic results of the epidemic on families and society at large are orphans who are multiplying daily by droves as their youthful parents succumb to the epidemic. TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Old folks of the traditional extend
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-6)
Carael M, Ferry B, Deheneffe JC; World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.
A greater understanding of sexual behaviour in different sociocultural contexts has important consequences for the design and evaluation of educational efforts in AIDS prevention. As a recognition of this, and since 1989, GPA/WHO has sponsored national surveys of sexual behaviours in more than 20 developi
Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid increase in industrial, export processing zones (EPZs) in developing countries. In most countries, eighty percent of the workers in these zones are women, and the great majority of these women are young and never married. Reports from many regions indicate that these wo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-4)
Jenkins C; PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
In Papua New Guinea , as elsewhere, sexual behavior is patterned by age, gender and culture. The material presented is drawn from a national ethnographic study covering 40 language groups in communities selected to represent rural and peri-urban conditions. The data consist of 423 sexual life histories and 35 focus gro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-3)
Mourao MV, Teles LC; Universidade de Coimbra, Fac. Economia, Lisboa, Portugal.
1. Epidemiological Portuguese data reveals that the incidence among Heterosexuals is 30% of all AIDS cases 1992. 2. This figure is 4 times highest that the average for the European Model of AIDS. To identify patterns of (Bi) sexual behavior and HIV strategies among Portuguese men. Qualitative appro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-2)
Miller KS, Bartholow B, Schoenbaum E, Webber M; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To examine the extent to which adolescent and young adult couples agree in their reports of sex, condom use, and drug use behaviors. Data was collected from 53 heterosexual partners (female index
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-1)
Brouwers HG, Reinking DP, Kretzschmar M, Jager JC, van Zessen GJ; Netherlands Institute of Social Sexological Research, Utrecht.
(1) Application of survey data in sexual network models; (2) Exploration of the impact of selective partner choice on the spread of HIV. DATA AND Input data and baseline assumptions for network simulation are derived from representative nationwide sexological surveys in the Netherland
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-6)
Soderlund N, Davis J, Schopper D, Broomberg J, Mills A; Global Programme on AIDS, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
To determine the cost of implementing a minimal package of HIV/AIDS prevention measures in all developing countries. A convenience sample of case studies, representing six broad HIV prevention strategies in each of four income groupings was sought on the basis of availability of data evidence of ef
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-5)
Boadu SO; WHO/GPA, NACP, Windhoek, Namibia.
In the developing countries, traditional healers play a critical role in case management. Additionally, their sheer numerical strength and the fact that they are widely spread over the hinterlands, make them an important ally in the national AIDS campaign. But is true partnership possible? On one hand, the traditional
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-4)
Lansky AL, Biampeng M, Doutizonga R, Samba A, Nzoumbou E, Akoumbangba E; Centers for Disease Controls, Atlanta, GA.
Behavior change is an integral component of STD/HIV prevention and control. In order to effect behavior change, it is necessary to identify risky behaviors, the social and environmental contexts in which they occur, and underlying attitudes and beliefs. To assess STD-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-3)
Luna M, Palacios M, Garcia ML, Valdespino JL, Weissenbacher M, Daniels E, Peruga A, Navarro S, Martinez J, Salame E, et al; National Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Mexico.
AIDS epidemic in Mexico has extended to young people belonging to lower socioeconomic strata who don t attend HIV detection centers. With the purpose of recruiting this group into clinical trials, a mobile unit was established. To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile unit to recruit participants i
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-2)
Thomes C; ziK gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
1. The relation of AIDS and homelessness in Berlin. 2. The ziK project as an example for helping homeless people with HIV and AIDS. 3. The unique work of ziK. The project as an example of harm reduction. The integration of homeless people with HIV and AIDS in the neighbourhoods. The psychosocial concept of ziK. The par
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-1)
Fernandez ES, Milon P, Holloway J, Gaston M, O'Neill J, Lago M; Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland.
To gain access to HIV prevention and care services for underserved, underinsured, high-risk populations, by building the capacity of community based organizations to provide HIV early intervention services. Title III(b) of the Ryan White CARE Act provides funds to support HIV early intervention prog
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-6)
Mposo N, Mpoke N, Fumunzanza; Projet Sida, Zaire
To estimate the HIV(+) patients ability to pay the prescribed health care. Patients admitted in internal medicine ward in 3 public hospitals in Kinshasa were tested at ELISA for anti-HIV antibodies until we had a total of 50 HIV(+) patients by hospital. A control cohort had an HIV(-) related diagno
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-5)
Allen U, Mukwaya G, MacDonald N; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
It has been suggested that the economic impact of Pediatric HIV infection in developed countries may be as costly or more costly to society than adult HIV infection. An evaluation of inpatient services utilized by pediatric AIDS patients was conducted from a societal perspective in order to examine the resultant econom
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-4)
Isbell M; Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, New York, N.Y.
To identify principles for health care reform in the U.S. on the basis of the experience of persons living with HIV. Health care financing trends for HIV care were identified through extensive review of available data, economic analyses, and reported legal decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Experience during
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-3)
Kongsin S, Rerks-ngarm S, Suebsaeng L, Tangcharoensathien V; Division of AIDS, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
To determine the hospital care and external cost of AIDS related complex (ARC) and AIDS patients in Thailand by analysing cost components including 1) routine service cost (RSC) or labour and operating cost, 2) medical care cost (MCC) or cost for laboratory test, procedures and medication, and 3) external co
To estimate and project the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Malawi s overall economy, specific economic sectors, and health care institutions. The age & gender of HIV infected persons were compared to labor force participation, unemployment, life expectancy and income estimates to determine
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-1)
Mujinja P, Over M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
In the first wave of a longitudinal survey of households in northwest Tanzania , household members reported on the health care utilization and expenditure by recently deceased household members and relatives. Of the 258 household members who died in the last 12 months, 200 (77%) were reported to have visited a (traditi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-6)
Gilmore N, Jurgens R, Somerville MA, Almedal C; McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law, Montreal, Canada.
To show that effective public health interventions and efforts to promote and protect human rights, in the context of HIV/AIDS and of drug use, are compatible and mutually reinforcing. Public health interventions and efforts to promote and protect human rights, applicable to HIV/AIDS and to drug use
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-5)
Patten W, Ward A; Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, Harvard University.
To analyze current legal regimes, both customary and formal, of two African countries particularly affected by HIV ( Cote d Ivoire and Uganda ) in order to identify specific violations of women s rights. To assess the impact of these violations on women s ability to prevent infection and care for themselves
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-4)
Panebianco S, Uribe P, del Rio C, Hernandez G, Rico B, Sepulveda J; Conasida Mexico.
In Mexico CONASIDA has initiated a strategy to promote respect of human rights of PWA s and responding to their needs once violations have occurred. To coordinate efforts with other public institutions and NGO s to avoid discrimination. To make the public and decision makers aware of the human
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-3)
Lyons CM, Savage BJ; School of Healthcare, Liverpool John Moores University, England.
This study focused on the sexual attitudes and behaviours of homosexual men in London, Dublin, Athens, Paris and Brussels and has repercussions in relation to transmission of HIV infection. The researchers carried out semi-structured interviews from an opportunistic sample of homosexual men from a cross section of gay
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-2)
Tillett G; Centre for Conflict Resolution, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Discrimination against people who have or are assumed to have HIV/AIDS remains a major problem. A sample of 500 cases has been analyzed to identify key factors (psychological, social, cultural and organizational) which underlie such discrimination. The effectiveness of a range of strategies in reducing or responding to
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-1)
Mutembei IB; Medical Aid Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
To examine whether right to life, right to freedom from unprotected violence and arbitrary coercion, right to be respected as human beings are granted to HIV/AIDS infected persons. 520 HIV/AIDS suspects were interviewed on matters pertaining to religious marriage processes, assurance of employment,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-6)
Faxelid E, Krantz I; Dept. of International Health Care Research (IHCAR), Stockholm.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) and their consequences constitute a major health problem in Zambia . Partner notification (p.n.) with the purpose of breaking the chain of transmission and prevent complications in the index patient as well as in the sexual partners, is part of the STD control programme in Zambia. R
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-5)
[No authors listed];
The right to decide when and how to reproduce are essential basic human rights for women and men. That means not only the possibility to have children but also to decide not to have them. These rights are not everywhere accepted or recognized in order to allow individual or personal decisions as the women s right to ha
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-4)
Scherbakov SP; Voluntary Charity Society for Support of a National AIDS Programme WE and YOU, Russia.
The implementation of anti-gay legislation shows that all homosexual activities could be punished by law. A list of 7 articles of the Russian Penal Code is cited, the concrete secret instructions of Health Ministry and Police Headquarters are used. The police pink lists on homosexuals are analysed in conjunction with c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-3)
Watson C, Philp A, Percy F, Hamilton M; Health Dept of Western Australia, Perth.
Faced with a strong allegation, self disclosure or other confirmatory evidence of an HIV infected individual putting others at unacceptable risk, a health department official (and indeed any doctor or health professional) has a serious responsibility to act appropriately to protect the public. These cases are rare, but
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-2)
Sahm SW, Dancygier H; Second Department of Medicine, Stadtische Kliniken Offenbach, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Physicians are not obliged to offer futile treatment. The term futility itself has prompted major concern in the literature on ethics in medicine. Its meaning has been questioned recently. Since AIDS patients often are well educated and well informed about their disease, there may be a quarrel about who has to decide w
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-1)
Morin M, Obudia Y, Souville M, Galais H, Gamby T, Mostii JP; Lab of Social Psychology, Aix en Provence.
Because it is a transmissible disease, care for HIV infected persons tends to exacerbate ethical dilemmas in medical practice. We have tried to document these aspects in a survey among a sample of GPs in Marseille (South Eastern France ). MATERIAL AND One third of all GPs in Marseille (the third French city fo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-6)
Mahon N, Jones M, McGovern T, Shapiro L, Shubert V, Elovich R, Robinson C, Isbell M, Jacobs S, Williams B;
The burden of the recent resurgence of TB in New York City has fallen overwhelmingly on populations that hve been tragically underserved by the City health care system, namely people of color, homeless people, addicts and alcoholics, prisoners and parolees, and others living in poverty. Members of these groups w
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-5)
de Burger R; AIDS Education and Awareness Program, Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa.
In many jurisdictions the HIV/AIDS pandemic has created considerable tensions between public health professionals and community activists. The many complex medical, social, legal and personal issues that confront public health professionals forced them to re-evaluate current policies and practices. The Canadian Public
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-4)
Elmendorf AE, Roseberry WL; World Bank, Washington D.C.
Structural adjustment reforms (SARs) are designed to increase efficiency in the use of resources by changing the structure of a country s economy. They are expected to lead to higher long term economic growth and thereby to facilitate increases in welfare. However, they have been criticized for allegedly hurting povert
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-3)
Gardner KJ, Savelyeva MV, Savelyeva IV, Altschuler S; Int'l Center for Better Health (ICBH), Moscow, Russia.
To collaborate with several Russian, non-governmental AIDS organizations to create the first community HIV/AIDS/STD resource center in Moscow. METHOD: ICBH in Moscow conducted needs assessments with AIDS workers and activists, organized a series of training symposia, and promoted the development of non-gover
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-2)
Burgos A, Girotti C, Revsin N, Puigdefabregas A;
Both public and private health systems prevent AIDS prevention and assistance. Official policies, the present assistentialist health scheme, labour conditions for health professionals, prejudices, impeach the implementation of efficient measures. HYPOTHESIS: The development of social network, integrating the c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-1)
Wille G, Kertzendorff KW; BfA, Berlin, Germany.
The BfA takes special care in dealing with these patients who are under extreme physical and psychosocial stress. This report describes longterm experience both in the fields of medical and occupational rehabilitation and with respect to the processing of pension claims The possibilities and limitation for rehabilitati
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-6)
Hellard W; Community AIDS Treatment Information, Toronto, Canada.
Peer counselling is a recognized means of reaching people by using their peers. The Community AIDS Treatment Exchange (CATIE) as a result of their Treatment Needs Assessment conducted in 1991 found that people infected with HIV preferred to obtain their treatment information from their peers. They felt the information
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-5)
Grueninger U, Kuenzel M, Abelin T; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Bern Medical School, Switzerland.
To compare the impact of written information alone versus additional group training in Continuing Medical Education (CME) on physicians attitudes, counselling skills and HIV-prevention activities. 140 Swiss practicing physicians were randomized into a Home-Study Group HG (mailed a six part workbook
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-4)
Baggaley R, Seth G, Mwansa C, Phiri M, Kelly M, Godfrey-Faussett P; Kara-Zambart Project, Lusaka.
1. To establish the first voluntary, confidential HIV counselling and testing (C&T) service in Zambia . 2. To evaluate its impact. A voluntary, confidential C&T centre has been established in central Lusaka. Baseline qualitative interviews and demographic questionnaires were used (1) to ass
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-3)
Lockley P, Anderson C; Dept. of Education, University of Edinburgh.
This presentation will reflect on a wide range of practical issues and their theoretical implications which arise when the person-centred approach is used in working with HIV positive drug users. It is first of all argued that there are a number of distinct, advantages in using the person-centred approach, with individ
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-2)
Marquez A, Licca G, Castanada S; GIS-SIDA Mexico City, Mexico.
To improve the quality of life of women living with HIV/AIDS throughout specific information on AIDS, drugs, safer sex and counselling. In-depth interviews and a specific survey to get information about AIDS and STD s feedback of information through workshops. RESULTS: Women in Mexico
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-1)
Henderson R, Shalwitz J, Hodgins A; Special Programs for Youth, San Francisco, California.
Youth at high risk for HIV infection historically have not been educated and counseled about the option of HIV antibody testing in their lives. Providers have lacked the consciousness, training, and support to adequately address this issue in their care to young people. Most youth with high risk histories remain unscre
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-6)
Ramos LJ, Fischbach L, Samaniego L; Comm Health Sci Dept, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles.
The Latinas & AIDS Research Project (LARP) was developed to address the dearth of information on women s sexual behaviors which would put them at risk for AIDS. With the increasing numbers of women with HIV/AIDS, assessing the full range of women s sexual behaviors is essential in developing appropriate AIDS preven
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-5)
Kagimu M, Munyagwa R, Serwadda D, Wabwire F, Marum E; Islamic Medical Association.
To assess risk perception to practices common in the Muslim community of Uganda which place persons at risk for HIV infection, namely, polygamous marriages, unsterile circumcision, and ablution of the dead. 12 rural and 9 trading center mosques were randomly selected in Mpigi and Iganga districts.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-4)
O'Neil C, Rosenbaum J; Caribbean Epidemiology Centre/CAREC, Special Program on STDs, Port of Spain, Trinidad.
This intervention study set out to investigate women s perception of HIV risk when they themselves are monogamous but their partners have multiple partners. RESEARCH: A meta-analysis of national KABP surveys from several West Indian countries conducted by the WHO Caribbean Epidemiology Centre provided a regional
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-3)
Matenga E;
The principal objectives sought to review sources of information: to assess the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS: to assess whether this knowledge was preceded by changed sexual behavioural patterns and lastly to compare some of the findings using selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: This study was a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-2)
Medrano J, Pauw J, Rivera R, Egger M, Medrano D, Smith GD; Ministry of Health Managua, Nicaragua.
To assess KAPs regarding AIDS in different population groups in Nicaragua . 3,034 Barrio dwellers, 451 students, 54 female sex workers, 57 male prisoners and 19 street children were interviewed. RESULTS: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Levels of knowledge were higher among male barrio dwellers an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-1)
Klepinger D, Billy J, Tanfer K, Grady W; Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle, Washington 98105.
In this paper, we provide information from a survey conducted in 1991 of a nationally representative sample of adult men in the U.S. (The National Survey of Men) concerning perceptions about the risk and severity of AIDS, prior risk behavior and how these factors are associated with each other and AIDS related behavior
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-6)
Crystal S, Bilder S, Merzel C, Sambamoorthi U; Inst. for Health, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
Correlates of depression (CES-D scale) and of anxiety (SCL-90 scale) were investigated in a demographically diverse New Jersey sample of 267 persons with HIV disease (90% AIDS, 10% other symptomatic illness). Separate analyses were conducted for gay men, injection drug users, and women. Effects of social support, sympt
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-5)
Mellins CA, Ehrhardt AA; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYS Psychiatric Institute.
The present study is one of the first to systematically explore stress and coping in inner-city, ethnically diverse families caring for an HIV-infected child. METHOD: Multiple family members (caregivers, siblings, HIV-infected children) from 25 families were administered a semi-structured interview concernin
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-4)
Mayne T, O'Leary A; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco.
To identify correlates of social support and their impact on use of community support services in a suburban and rural population of gay men. Interviews were conducted with 109 gay men with HIV infection using support services from Hyacinth Foundation, New Jersey s largest AIDS support organization.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-3)
Hansell P, Hughes C, Caliandro G, Russo P, Budin W; Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ.
To determine caregivers problems; (2) To assess caregivers stress, caregiver coping and caregiver s social support; and (3) To compare caregiver stress, caregiver coping and caregiver social support between HIV infected caregivers and non HIV infected caregivers. A comparative survey design was use
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-2)
Leiberich P, Schumacher K, Rubbert A, Schwab J, Olbrich E, Kalden JR; Medical Clinic III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, FRG.
Longitudinal study about burdens, life quality (LQ) and coping of HIV positives (HIV+) to find successful adaptation and adequate support. Multimodality: inventories/interview (rating scales from 1 to 5); baseline (T1): reactions after diagnosis; follow-up (T2/T3) 0.5/1 y. later. SAMPLE: 46 HIV+ in-
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-1)
Hecht F, Wachter R, Heller K, Chesney M; Univ. of California, San Francisco.
PURPOSE: To determine the demographic, behavioral, and health system factors associated with failure to receive early intervention (EI) for HIV. Patients (pt s) admitted to San Francisco General Hospital were screened to identify pt s admitted for the first time with an AIDS defining illness. Demographic infor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-6)
Miller D, Gillies P; Dept. of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, England.
While the symptoms and consequences of occupational stress are increasingly understood, models for effective prevention and management of burnout are not clearly articulated. This paper explains models for care and prevention of HIV health worker burnout, and needs for future research. Organisation
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-5)
Sunderland RH, Shelp EE; Foundation for Interfaith Research and Ministry, Houston, Texas.
We plan to report on the reduction of volunteer burn-out in our Houston model of AIDS-related care services, currently provided by 1300 volunteers organized in sixty groups ( Care Teams ) which, in 1992, provided more than 400 HIV-infected individuals with over 125,000 hours of supportive services. Care Team volunteers
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-4)
Calvert GM; Terrence Higgins Trust, London, U.K.
To identify any motivational factors which might influence the retention and or dropout of volunteers in a volunteer led A.S.O. METHOD: Using relevant theories of motivation as a rationale a questionnaire was designed and administered to 194 incoming volunteers. A response rate of 61% was obtained. Volunteers were
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-3)
Greene D, McVinney D; Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York, NY.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of buddy volunteer caregiving for gay men and heterosexual women providing psychosocial support for people with HIV disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 115 volunteer trainees and 126 active buddy volunteers. Measures included the Center for Ep
Hitherto results from qualitative research focus on the specific situation in the field of AIDS, e.g. the helping interaction or the characteristics of clients as major causes of caregivers stress and burnout. In contrast, quantitative studies in the tradition of work psychology often come to the conclusion
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-1)
Chew JK; Malaysian Council of NGOs on AIDS, Kuala Lumpur.
Burnout is a loose term used to describe what happens to some people in the caring profession when they have given of themselves too much for too long, have become drained and have been lacking support--financially and emotionally, quality time off etc.... The first signs of danger is when a warm caring person begins
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-6)
Baende E, Mather F, Lelo U, Saidel T, Mock N, Bertrand W; Projet Sida, Zaire.
To determine acceptability of condom use by HIV infected persons in Zaire . All subjects (TB cases and family) participating in a TB transmission study were screened for presence of HIV-1 by Elisa and WB. All HIV-1+ subjects and family members were eligible to participate in an HIV counselling prog
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-5)
Rosasco A; Caceres C. Asoc. VIA LIBRE, Lima, Peru.
To evaluate an educational intervention aimed at secondary prevention and empowerment of PWHIV in Lima. A weekly four-session program was designed to increase motivation for secondary prevention, provide relevant biomedical/nutritional information, promote safer sex, discuss psychosocial aspects and
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-4)
Rinken S; European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
In Western industrialized societies, death has, in the course of the 20th century, become a taboo. This statement is a commonplace neither the reasons, nor the consequences of which have properly been understood as yet. People are generally not ready to acknowledge themselves as mortal: death is generally not taken int
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-3)
Remien RH, Rabkin J, Katoff L, Wagner G; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NY State Psychiatric Institute, NY.
(1) To identify predictors of extended longterm survival with AIDS; (2) To assess the psychological status and quality of life of longterm survivors in the context of prolonged physical and psychological challenge and multiple loss. We conducted a one-year follow-up study of AIDS longterm survivors
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-2)
Schindler SE, Jones P, Menzer J, West GR, Valdiserri RO, Hinman AR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
To assess the effectiveness of four one-year programs funded by USCM in recruiting and retaining asymptomatic HIV-seropositive clients (i.e., injecting-drug users and women) in HIV RR education programs. Periodic project reports and other data are examined to determine: 1) each project s level of ef
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-1)
Stall R, Ekstrand M, Hoff C, Paul J, Catania J, Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS), Univ. California-San Francisco.
To describe the prevalence of early intervention treatment for HIV infection among gay/bisexual men in two secondary AIDS epicenters in the United States (Portland, Oregon and Tucson, Arizona). Gay men were sampled using two 1) a list-frame household telephone sample (N = 712); and 2) a con
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-6)
Dhanammal G, Nataraj S; South India AIDS Action Programme, Madras.
NGOs already working in the field of community health work in Tamil Nadu offer a parallel support system to their respective communities. Our aim was to reach out to the general public especially in rural areas and to create an awareness about HIV/AIDS. STRATEGY: Instead of NGOs being established to handl
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-5)
Oetomo D, Rianto JJ; Gaya Nusantara/Hotline Surya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Working with mainstream AIDS NGOs has proven beneficial to gay support groups in several locations in Indonesia . The success story of the partnership of Gaya Nusantara, a gay group, and Hotline Surya, an AIDS NGO, will be told. It is necessary to reach out to gay communities in other locations in Indonesia. This means
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-4)
Doms U, Vorhagen W;
In May 1986 the first meeting of people living with HIV was held at the Free Conference House Waldschlosschen near Gottingen, initiated by persons affected. The response to the meeting was remarkable. For the first time in their lives many of the participants experienced a community of solidarity, where they could spea
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-3)
Kabanda M, Coghlan A, Mulindwa-Sempungu S, Katende M, Musungu M;
ISSUE ADDRESSED: Because of the heterosexual nature of HIV transmission, high prevalence rates and limited resources in Uganda , communities must be more involved in designing and implementing HIV/AIDS prevention programmes. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: In 1990 The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) began the Community Initiativ
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-2)
Botting A, Paveling LA, Wushke R; AIDS Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
In the province of Saskatchewan, Canada (pop. 1,000,000) one-fifth of HIV/AIDS patients are in rural areas. Many persons with AIDS return from urban areas to communities of origin for care and support. Since November, 1991, AIDS Saskatoon, a community-based organization serving central and northern Saskatchewan, has wo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-1)
Thepjak P, Chiu J, Harbison J, Marksuk S, Chaisiri N, Sripanich R; ACT Center, Chiang Mai.
NT is an area of high HIV prevalence. Community efforts along with government programs are needed to slow the epidemic. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: The Chiang Mai AIDS Counselling and Training (ACT) Center opened in 7/91 to provide: 1) public AIDS education (AE); 2) Anonymous HIV counselling and testing; 3)
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-6)
Bristow K, Apostolesu S, McCreery R; AIDS Care, Education & Training (ACET), London, UK.
Interagency partnerships at the level of national government, UN agencies and international NGOs are essential for HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in Eastern and Central Europe. DESCRIPTION OF PARTNERSHIP: The partnership formed in June 1991 between the Romanian Government, UNICEF and ACET successfully establishe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-5)
Pinzon A, Velandia M; PATH seconded to AIDSCAP/Family Health International, Arlington, VA.
To demonstrate that alternative, interpersonal and participatory communication among peers can initiate an educational process that fosters behavioral change in target populations. Target populations are not used simply to validate materials but to establish messages and informational contents generated from
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-4)
Macher A, Rivo M, Mullan F; Division of Medicine, Bureau of Health Professions, HRSA, USPHS, Rockville, MD.
Educating and updating primary care providers of diverse disciplines and ethnicity, in both rural and metropolitan communities, about HIV disease and its related complications is a formidable challenge to our complex and scattered health care system. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: The USPHS is funding a major nationwid
From July 1989, the Chikankata AIDS Care and Prevention Department has been conducting a five-day seminar each month. The seminar is primarily for health professionals and others from within Zambia and the region who are currently involved in or need to start AIDS care and prevention programs. The seminar provides an i
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-2)
Manci M, Zokwe B, Dupree JD, Green EC; Traditional Doctors AIDS Project, South Africa.
Recent local studies confirm 80+% of South Africa s black population see traditional healers. It is essential to recruit them into AIDS prevention in their practices, as well as into the training of other healers. METHOD: Five national healers organizations consulted by AIDSCOM/AIDSCAP sent an equal number
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-1)
Berger P, Rachlis AR, Peter AM, Hettiarachchi D, Klein A; University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Of the more than 6,500 registered primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada , approximately 40% of all HIV patients are cared for by a group of only 38 physicians in Metro Toronto. In an attempt to address this problem, the HIV Project Centre Primary Care Mentor Program was established as a means of pro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-6)
Golz J;
Current demand exceeds the availability of chemical dependency treatment in Germany . Only 4% of IDU s hold a place in longterm abstinence therapy, of which 25% remain abstinent after treatment. Only about one percent of IDU s stay off drugs without therapeutical interventions. Methadone or DHC (dihydrocodeine) substit
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-5)
Chen D, Lurie P, Bowser B, Kahn JG, Sorensen J, Jones TS; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco.
To assess the public health impact and sociopolitical contexts of NEPs in the United States and Canada . APPROACH: Sixteen research questions, including descriptions of NEPs, populations reached, community responses, and effects on behavior and disease rates, were identified and addressed with a three-pronge
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-4)
Beaumont WJ, de Jongh-Wieth FE, Slijngard WE, van der Boor A, van Kleef R, de Wildt GR; City Health Department, The Hague, Netherlands.
An outreach City Health team provides needle-exchange and health education to IVDU s who are not in contact with the regular health services. In 1991, during 500 visits to private homes and visits to areas where male and female prostitutes are permitted to solicit, 100,000 needles and syringes as well as 40,000 condoms
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-3)
Toupik A, Broussais P, Javanni J, DeGuay JP; A.P.A.R.T.S., Paris, France.
Compare modes of organisation, activity and impact of around 30 drug users self-help groups engaged in AIDS prevention. 1) Histopathic observations; 2) 90 semi-directive interviews; 3) Analysis of written and audio-visual material produced or used by group studies; 4) Interactive evaluation with 12
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-2)
Fichtner RR, Carson DP, Covington SE; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal service- and team-based outreach program in averting adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birthweight and the effects of STDs and drug use, in an urban population of known substance abusers. Project Prevent is a model service program designed to lesse
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-1)
Genser SG, Schlenger W; Natl Inst on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD.
To specify effective models for identifying and delivering medical care and drug abuse treatment to drug abusers at high risk for HIV. Data collected from 21 service delivery demonstration projects located in 19 cities and 15 states across the USA, serving at-risk drug abusers who, initially, seek e
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-6)
Schaller G; University Institute of Legal Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
The 1987 W.H.O. statement on prevention of AIDS in prison has recently been updated, in the form of guidelines , by a consultation in which developing countries were well represented. The 1992 recommendations address the problems of developing countries more directly: Adequate material and resources must be available t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-5)
Oh MK, Berman S, Pass RF, Cloud GA, Fleenor M; University of Alabama, Birmingham.
Detained adolescents are at risk for many social, emotional and medical problems. This study was undertaken to assess STD risk of detained female adolescents in a U.S. city. Sexual behavior and STDs were assessed in 163 (age 15.1 +/- 1.3, range 11-18; 64% black) sexually active girls admitted to a youth center. Each de
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-4)
Bustos P, Arredondo A, Child R; Comision Nacional de SIDA, Minsal.
There are 180 penitentiary units in the country, with approximately 21,000 prisoners. 80% inmate population is younger than 30 years and over 95% male. No national mandatory screening policy has been established. HIV testing is voluntary for chilean inmates, so refusing is a known discrimination factor for oth
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-3)
Barberis D;
In 1987, the Federal Penitentiary Service conducted massive testings in prisons of B.A. ( Argentina ). They selected 400 individuals and 17% of such cases tested positive. These people living with HIV are left with no protection at all, due to the lack of penitentiary policies as regards the HIV/AIDS issue.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-2)
Monarca R, Starnini G, Lepri F, Caterini A; Penitentiary of Viterbo S. Sani Penitentiary of Ancona, Italy.
The dilapidated conditions of most Italian prisons and the high percentage of HIV infected drug-addicts and prostitutes among the inmates make the control of the diffusion of the infection very difficult. Recent legislations (1990) have entrusted the Prison Administrations with new important duties which attempt to mak
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-1)
Mahon N, Machon S; Correctional Association of New York, New York 10003.
Correctional officials conservatively estimate 17.8% of the 63,000 inmates in New York State prisons are living with HIV, while prison advocates and prisoners themselves place the number between 50 and 80%. Despite these alarmingly high seroprevalence rates, HIV education remains largely unavailable and unrespon
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-6)
Longo PH; Nucleo de Orientacao em Saude Social (NOSS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
As the concept of PEER EDUCATION has been widely discussed, present other education activities more effective for the target group than the simple relationship among peers/Provide recommendations for PEER EDUCATORS training based in the 4 years experience of Programa Pegacao , a program for male prostitutes
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-5)
Chongvatana N, van Griensven G, Nartoratarn C, Likhityingvara C, Ngaokaew S, Absornthanasombat T; Department of Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
To identify demographic and behavioral factors related to condom use among female CSW s in Thailand . During a cross sectional survey in May 1992, interviews were taken from 1,012 female CSW s sampled from direct (brothel) and indirect (bar, club, etc.) types of establishments in Northern (Chiang Ma
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-4)
Tchupo JP, Manchester T, Monny Lobe M, Buschel R; Population Services International/Cameroon (PSI).
Increase condom usage rate by prostitutes and their clients. Recruitment of prostitute leaders in Yaounde, Douala, and Ebolowa. Training in counseling, communication and marketing techniques. Educational discussions, plays and condom sales in places frequented by prostitutes and their clients. RESU
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-3)
Oostvogels R, Karamade A; Bombay Municipal Corporation.
To provide the authorities concerned with an ethnographic picture of the situation in Kamathipura and Khetwadi red light areas. The ethnographic picture of the situation allows develop questionnaires for a structured survey. On the basis of data collected, strategies and plan for intervention aimed at preven
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-2)
Kleiber D, Wilke M; Psychology Departement, Free University of Berlin, FRG.
Sex-tourists are regarded as a high-risk group for the international spread of HIV. Little is known, however, about their actual sexual behaviour and about suitable preventive measures. In a study supported by the German Ministry of Health (BMG), German tourists, who had sexual contact with the local popula
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-1)
Wong ML, Archibald C, Roy KW, Chan C, Goh A, Goh CL, Tan TC; Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore.
A previous study found prostitutes in Singapore to succeed only half the time in getting clients to use condoms. Condom use negotiation is a complex communication activity that is influenced by clients characteristics, prostitutes self-efficacy and negotiation capabilities as well as socio-environmental
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-6)
Burrows D, Price C; AIDS Association, Sydney, Australia.
An HIV explosion has occurred among injecting drug users (IDUs) in many countries in the developed and developing world. The paper describes peer education programmes currently under way in Baltimore (where around 25% of the city s 40,000 IDUs are HIV-positive) and Sydney (with about 5% of its 60,000 IDUs HIV-positive)
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-5)
Dobler-Mikola A, Zimmer Hofler D, Uchtenhagen A; Socialpsychiatric Service, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Since the late eighties there has been increasing proportion of AIDS cases linked to intravenous drug use. HIV-infection among addicts, however, does not seem to be a result of i.v.-drug use per se but there is some evidence that psychosocial and behavioral characteristics are important intervening factors in the sprea
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-4)
Agnoletto V, Tradati C, Ceserani N, Capra E, Andolina P, Lesmo C; L.I.L.A., Milano, Italia.
PRINCIPLE Modification of risk behaviors which can lead to the acquisition of HIV and HBV among drug users not in contact with other health services in San Giuliano, a suburb of Milan. METHODOLOGY: Using a mobile unit, drug users were contacted and given the opportunity to access counselling service as well
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-3)
Des Jarlais DC, Choopanya K, Frischer M, Lima E, Friedmann P, Friedman SR; Beth Israel Med. Center, NYC.
To compare risk reduction processes among injecting drug users in different cultures. For all of the cities included in the analysis, risk reduction by IDUs has led to reduced rates of HIV infection. A WHO developed questionnaire was administered to samples of injecting drug users in Bangkok,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-2)
O'Brien M, Murray J, Wiebel W; Dept of Epid/Bio, Univ of Ill., Chicago.
Risk for HIV in residential samples from 3 Chicago inner-city neighborhoods was studied. Neighborhoods were selected for study because of their high concentrations of street IDU. HIV seroprevalence among IDU in these neighborhoods followed since 1988 is approximately 30%. Non-IDU residents of these areas are considered
To compare sexual practices, drug use and HIV-antibody status among behaviorally bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual men intercepted on the street in three U.S. cities. During 11/91-9/92 in Dallas, Denver and Long Beach (CA), repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted at street locations ide
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-6)
Mackie B, Spina A; AIDS Council of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
To provide safe sex HIV/AIDS education to young men (under the age of 26 years) who have sex with men, in the Sydney, NSW, metropolitan area. The project is designed to bring about behavioural changes within the target group, supporting them in practicing and maintaining safe sexual practices. METHOD: This
Data is from anonymous interviews with 467 men (219 White [W] and 248 African-American [AA]) who reported sex with both a male and a female in the past three years. Recruitment methods included print ads (29%), snowballing (19%), and outreach workers in the community (34%) and in straight and gay bars (18%). Research q
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-4)
Caceres C, Rosasco A; Asoc. VIA LIBRE, Lima, Peru.
To evaluate an HIV/STD prevention program targeting non-gay identified homosexually active men. Based on a needs assessment, a 3.5 hour workshop was designed to improve HIV/STD risk perception, increase motivation and skills to prevent HIV/STD, and develop solidarity toward PWHIV. Varied methodology
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-3)
Oostvogels R, Kantharaj K, Radhakrishnan KM, Menon S; STD Institute, Madras, India.
To provide authorities concerned with the data necessary for designing the strategies for prevention of HIV transmission in the circuits of men who have sex with men and transsexuals in Madras. METHODOLOGY: The main method of research was participant observation. A team of researchers from among the high ris
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-2)
Bartos M, McLeod J, Nott P; Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Canberra.
In 1992 the Australian Department of Health commissioned a research project on the educational needs of men who have sex with men who do not identify with the gay community. The research was designed to inform the second stage of an educational campaign, the first stage of which had targeted gay and bisexual men. The p
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-1)
Lynch F, Taylor J, Spyrou K, Faisal J, Joe T, Eisenstadt K; MESMAC Project, Health Education Authority, London, UK.
OBJECTIVES. MESMAC is a three year pilot project funded by the Government Health Education Authority and based at four different sites in England. METHODS. The project works with men who have sex with men (MWHSWM) to a community development methodology. Each site has a different target group: Black MWHSWM, MWHSWM under
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-6)
Davies PM, Weatherburn P, Hickson FC; Project SIGMA, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K.
To suggest new avenues for research relative to the design of interventions for gay and bisexual men. Meta-analysis of existing and current research. RESULTS: The second decade of AIDS has begun with a stagnation of scientific understanding of unsafe sexual behaviour among gay and bisexual men. The
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-5)
Bochow M, Dubois-Arber F, Schiltz MA; University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
To compare the sexual behaviour and the risk reduction strategies of gay and bisexual men in 8 european countries. A questionnaire including 44 core questions for all 8 particip. countries was circulated mainly in gay journals in summer and autumn 1991 in A, CH, D, DK, F, GB, I, NL. As of February
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-4)
Coxon AP; Project SIGMA, Univ of Essex, Colchester, U.K.
To report and compare preliminary findings from 7 national sites collaborating in WHO/GPA Homosexual Response Studies. The sites are: Israel , England & Wales, Austria , Netherlands , Greece ,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-3)
Ekstrand ML, Stall R, McKusick L, Kegeles S, Hoff C, Catania J, Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS) UCSF.
To examine rates and psychosocial correlates of unsafe sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men in two cities (Portland, OR, Tucson, AZ) outside the major U.S. AIDS epicenters. To examine whether these rates and correlates differed among community-based and bar samples in these cities. METHOD: Gay men in b
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-2)
Myers T, Godin G, Calzavara LM, Lambert J, Locker D; University of Toronto, ON., Canada.
To examine the association between sexual risk behaviour, behaviour change and sexual satisfaction among gay and bisexual men. METHOD: 4,803 gay and bisexual men were recruited though gay-identified venues, in 35 cities across Canada and completed a questionnaire concerning sexual behaviour. A subset of 2,37
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-1)
Crawford J, Rodden P, Kippax S; National Centre in HIV Social Research (MU) Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
To investigate sexual practices of bisexually active men and the responses of these men to HIV/AIDS compared with those of men who have sex only with men. METHOD: A large national telephone survey of men who had sex with men was conducted in mid 1992. 2,583 men were interviewed on sexual practices and their contex
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-6)
[No authors listed];
The theme of my paper is on how the poor socio-economic standing of Aboriginal Australians has and continues to impact upon our assessing viral treatments, culturally appropriate support programmes and hinders preventative education, all factors in prolonging life. It is no secret Aboriginal people in Australia are amo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-5)
Jirakun A, Brown K, Vickery L, Chumui D, Pornsakunpaisan K, Harbison J; Health Project for Tribal People, Thailand.
a) AIDS is spreading rapidly in NT where > 70% of EM reside; b) EM have not been reached by existing Thai AE programs due to cultural differences and suspicion of outsiders; c) lack of AE materials relevant to EM. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: EM representatives without previous experience in AIDS intervention
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-4)
Caride C; Taller Permanente de la Mujer-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
We ll talk about workshops made with indigenous peasant women in Northwest Argentinian Andean border. They were about the links between AIDS and women s sexuality. Indigenous women are not prepared to prevent AIDS and their own knowledge and beliefs about sexuality play against their possibility to avoid it. Workshops
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-3)
Rekart ML; B.C. Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE--To raise the level of AIDS awareness among urban aboriginals and to prevent HIV spread in this population. METHOD--To encourage and support urban aboriginal leaders and workers to come together to develop their own strategy for AIDS education and prevention. RESULTS--An urban aboriginal umbrella organization
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-1)
Lidot T; Indian Health Council, Inc.
Psycho-social stressors, self-esteem and self image and their affect on the quality of life for individuals living with HIV/AIDS; lack of integration and balance of mental, spiritual, emotional and physical components of self. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Indian Health council, Inc., HIV/AIDS Prevention Educa
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-6)
Andrews S, Williams A; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
To describe the relationship between HIV-1 infected mothers and their dependent children. Content analysis of in-depth interviews with 50 HIV-1 infected mothers in New Haven, Connecticut. RESULTS: Mean age: 30.5 years. Race: White, 13/50 (26%); Black, 20/50 (56%); Latino, 8/50 (16%); other, 1/50 (2%
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-5)
Savelyeva IV, Savelyeva MV, Gardner KJ; Int. Center for Better Health, Moscow, Russia.
Women represent over two-thirds of officially registered adult HIV/AIDS cases in Russia , and over half of those infected through heterosexual contact. To investigate the reasons why women in Russia are disproportionately infected with HIV, and suggest an appropriate prevention and education campai
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-4)
McCarthy KH, Norman SG, Studd JW, Johnson MA; Royal Free Hospital & School of Medicine, London, England, U.K.
METHOD: A questionnaire was completed at initial gynaecological assessment. RESULTS: 66 HIV+ female mean age 30 yrs: 43 had a male partner & 34 had informed their partner they were HIV+. HIV status was known for 29 females (14 HIV+, 15 HIV-). 21 females reported a deterioration in the relationship since diagnosis,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-3)
Elfriede S, Leopold B; Sozial Paedagogisches Institut Berlin, FRG.
8.8% of all AIDS-cases registered in the FRG since 1982 (including December 1992) are women, (total number: 810 women among 8,395 cases). Nearly 50% of these women were infected through i.v. drug abuse, nevertheless heterosexual transmission cannot be excluded. Heterosexual HIV-infections among women are increasing (ne
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-2)
Bellucci S, Hayashi R, Hebling E; Centro Corsini, Campinas-SP, Brazilian.
Bring up responsible self protecting attitudes against HIV contamination and supporting social response towards HIV seropositive persons. FOCUS GROUP: Poor women in 7 day-care centers in the fringe of Campinas a 900,000 inhabitants industrial city, 100 km from S. Paulo, Brazil . PROJECT: A core team of 1
To assess risk perception, attitudes, psychological and socio-cultural support systems that women partner s of men with AIDS have, and use this as a basis of development of an appropriate health education intervention. Women partner s of men admitted with AIDS on a medical ward, Mulago hospital Kam
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-6)
Balas MN, Facy F, Espinoza P; Service des Urgences Hotel Dieu Paris.
To analyse the prevalence of risk factors and HIV seropositivity in a population of 1009 women entering 12 prisons, 3 of which are in Paris metropolitan area (Ile de France ) and 9 regional site. The population studied represents 25% of the annual flow of women entering French prisons. RESULTS: Preliminary
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-5)
[No authors listed];
In the last few years it has been noticed a great move towards the thematic women/AIDS verified by the spread of information therefore the real actions towards this segment seems to fail in avoiding the epidemics development. Innovated actions to an effective prevention against AIDS is urgent regarding this context. Th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-4)
Weiss SH, Vaughn A, Reyelt C, Mayur RK, Klein CW, Altman R; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
Examine prevalence of behavioral risk factors in women from 2 high HIV prevalence U.S. cities, and the associations with HIV & other STD. 115 women were enrolled, examined and interviewed from a community health center (66), AIDS clinic (25) and drug treatment center (24). RESULTS: 57.4% (66/11
Our research compared three AIDS education interventions: peer group, health promoter, materials only interventions. Current conclusions suggest that peer group education is most effective because of the continuing face-to-face communication between peer group members and leaders during working hours, because peer lead
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-2)
Kambon A; National AIDS Programme, Trinidad.
Women in rural areas of Trinidad and Tobago although knowledgeable about HIV transmission are slow to adopt risk reduction behaviours. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: 765 rural women from 18 village groups throughout Trinidad and Tobago were exposed to education and mot
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-1)
Mmari FJ; Medical Aid Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
To investigate why most young women with sufficient knowledge and information about the dangers of HIV infections have several sexual partners and practise unprotected sex. Through self administered questionnaire, 2000 women under 35 years living in Tanzania were interviewed under the following cla
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-6)
Isaksson A, Dhillon H, Sherry J, Sykes O, Baldo M, Jones J; UNESCO/Paris.
This presentation identifies new initiatives in support of school health education about AIDS and the prevention of HIV, STD and other important health problems. It identifies actions that might be taken by international, national and community-based organizations to: 1) advocate for such education, 2) mobilize support
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-5)
Hachmann M, Jansen-Rosseck R; Senate of Berlin, Department of Health, Germany.
The Berlin Schoolworker Programme , an external AIDS prevention programme for inside school use, reached more than 120,000 pupils as well as parents and teachers by personal communication contacts within a period of 4 1/2 years. Based on these experiences, which were backed up by the results of accompanying scientific
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-4)
Silin J; Bank Street College of Education, New York, NY 10025.
Increasingly children below the age of eight will need HIV/AIDS education. By the end of the decade, one million children will be orphaned world wide. Those who do not experience the disease through the loss of family or friends, will learn about it from older siblings, more knowledgeable peers and the m
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-3)
Rogers SJ, Birenbaum A, Marsh N; New York State Education Department.
Thirteen focus group interviews were conducted with 150 high school students throughout New York State to determine how teenagers learn about HIV/AIDS, what information students want from an educational program, and how schools can deliver it more effectively. Findings revealed that teenagers learned about HIV/AIDS pri
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-2)
[No authors listed];
A number of studies on adolescents and the prevention of AIDS have been carried out from psycho-sociological and behavioral points of view, but little attention has been awarded to the AIDS prevention from a semio-linguistic point of view and in respect to the questions on communication and language that it raises. Thr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-1)
Rosenthal D, Moore S; Centre for the Study of Sexually Transmissible Diseases, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
In spite of concerted efforts by HIV/AIDS educators, adolescents have been slow to change their unsafe sexual practices. Use of condoms by many young people is still limited or non-existent, especially with partners considered to be regular or long-term. Australian studies of 16- and 18-year-olds have shown that safer
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-6)
Aplasca M, Monzon O, Santana R, Mandel J, Siegel D, Hearst N; Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Metro Manila, Philippines.
In the absence of school-based AIDS education programs in the Philippines , AIDS information among high school students comes primarily from television and health care providers. This has resulted in high levels of knowledge, but continued behaviors that place adolescents at risk of HIV infection. DESCRI
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-5)
Luque R; La Casa (The House) Programme, Bogota D.C., Columbia.
As a Non Governmental Organization, LA CASA Programme received financial support from a private foundation to develop an educational project in order to introduce the AIDS prevention into the existing health curriculum. The training was addressed to 80 teachers and counselors from 40 public schools so they could elabor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-4)
Hasan M, Owida M, Abdelghaffar S, Farag A; Arab International Center for Fighting against AIDS (AICFA), Cairo, Egypt.
Development, implementation & evaluation of effectiveness of an educational program on AIDS & SEX education in some secondary schools in Egypt . DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Our center achieved a complex educational program and evaluation research on its effectiveness that was carried out in 15 second
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-3)
Klepp KI, Ndeki S, Irema A, Msya M, Lyimo BA, Seha AM; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
A school-based AIDS program designed to increase students awareness and knowledge regarding AIDS, and to strengthen attitudes and social norms discouraging early sexual behavior, was implemented in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. A written survey was administered to all students participating in the program and to stud
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-2)
Lunin I, Hall T, Hearst N; AIDS Prevention Service, S.-Peterburg, Russia.
Small behavioral changes in sexually active people shows low efficiency of many prevention measures (esp. of sexual education). Description of the project: AIDS prevention measures could be more successfully realised in the frames of proposed emotional cognitive embryogenetic model of sexual education. I
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-1)
Gamesh V, Chamdhok K, Kumar S, Saraswathi S;
Adolescents in schools and colleges are vulnerable groups. Madras, an epicentre of AIDS in India needs immediate attention. It is not enough to merely give information. Our programmes particularly include the self empowerment and collective action approach. To empower the students to adopt a heal
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:104 (abstract no. WS-D01-6)
[No authors listed];
To investigate the role of communication in sexual and social relationships and its implications for AIDS prevention. METHOD: In 1992, a telephone questionnaire lasting 15 mn, designed to measure the frequence of homo/bisexual intercourse, intercourse with prostitutes over the past 5 years, multiple partners
To monitor condom use in the Dutch general population, non monogamous respondents and respondents between 15-20 year. Since 1987, twice a year, approximately 1000 respondents (15-45 year) are interviewed by telephone. To assess developments, data were analyzed with trend analysis. RESULTS: After 5 y
