TABLE OF CONTENTS - 11IAC Vancouver 1996

11th International AIDS Conference

Vancouver, British Columbia — July 7-12, 1996

Abstract Numbering & Table of Contents

The abstracts have been given reference numbers as follows:

MoOrA1001
TuPpB2001
WePeC3001
ThOr245
LbOr17

Mo = Monday, Tu = Tuesday, We = Wednesday, Th = Thursday, Lb = Late-Breaker
Or = Oral Abstract Presentation
Pp = Poster Presentation
Pe = Poster Exhibition

Print only abstracts.

The 2,807 printed only abstracts are identified by their special numbering, which begins with a letter A-G (signifying the track) and is followed by a 5 digit number.

Tracks

Track A: Basic Sciences

This track will highlight all aspects related to HIV structure and replication and its regulation as well as host immune responses. Drug discovery, research on vaccines and development of animal models will also be addressed. This track will be of particular interest to laboratory researchers and clinicians involved in basic principles of HIV.

Track B: Clinical Sciences

This track will highlight the characteristics and clinical course of HIV infection and related diseases, the evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, including resistance tests, and the clinical trials and cohort studies which provide the scientific basis for therapeutic interventions and care. This track will be of particular interest to investigators and clinicians participating in clinical research related to HIV-1 infection.

Track C: Epidemiology and Public Health

This track will highlight the description and dynamics of the evolving HIV/AIDS epidemic, the natural history and the burden and impact of HIV infection in the world. Presentations in this track will be based on both observational and experimental studies, as well as on surveillance methods. This track will be of particular interest to public health professionals, academic researchers in epidemiology or related areas, and people using epidemiologic parameters in support of HIV/AIDS programs and policies.

Track D: Social Science, Research, Policy and Action

This track will highlight the design, testing and evaluation of HIV preventive interventions for both HIV- and HIV+ persons, including those interventions addressing early diagnosis, co-factors, and risk and harm reduction. This track will also address methodological and ethical issues in HIV prevention research. This track will be of particular interest to those involved in advancing multidisciplinary (biomedical, behavioral, and social sciences) investigations of HIV prevention.

Cite as: Int Conf AIDS. 1996 Jul 7-12;11:Abstract No. xx

Hematopoietic stem cell based gene therapy for AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. LB.A.6002); Junker U, Plavec I, Bonyhadi M, Baker J, Kaneshima H, Bohnlein E; Systemix, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.; Previously, we and others have demonstrated the anti-HIV efficacy of a dominant-negative Rev mutant (RevM10) in T cell lines and primary T cells. We have further optimized retroviral vectors to maximize expression of the RevM10 gene measured by intracellular FACS analysis and could demonstrate a correlation between Rev
Cyclophilin mediates early events in HIV-1 life cycle via interaction with a putative cyclophilin receptor.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. LB.A.6003); Zybarth G, Dubrovsky L, Bucala R, Ulrich P, Rich D, Cerami A, Sherry B, Bukrinsky M; The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY. Fax: (516) 365-5090.; Objective: To determine whether viral-associated cyclophilin facilitates HIV-1 entry or uncoating by interacting with a putative cyclophilin binding protein accessible on the surface of target cells. Methods: PBMCs and cell lines were infected with HIV-1 in the presence and absence of excess exogenously added cyclophil
Identification of a molecular mechanism for HIV-1 Vpr-induced G2 cell cycle arrest.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. LB.A.6004); Takaori-Kondo A, de Noronha C, McEntee M, Greene W; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 826-15149826-1817. E-mail: akifumi_takaori-kondo.giv@quickmail.ucsf.edu.; Objective: To delineate the molecular mechanism by which HIV-1 Vpr induces G2 cell cycle arrest. Methods and Results: To identify cellular proteins that might functionally associate with Vpr, a yeast-two hybrid screen was performed using Vpr as bait . One specific Vpr-interacting cellular protein corresponded to the re
Comparison of branched chain DNA and RT-PCR for quantifying six different HIV-1 subtypes in plasma.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. LB.A.6005); Dunne AL, Crowe SM; Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Australia. Fax: 61 3 9482 6152. E-mail: tolli@burnet.mbcmr.unimelb.edu.au.; Objective: To examine the ability of two commercially available assays to quantify HIV-1 RNA of different genomic subtypes in plasma. Design: The branched chain DNA assay (bDNA; Quintiplex HIV-1, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USA) and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR; Amplicor Mon
Novel ribonuclease resistant RNA standards for HIV diagnostics.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. LB.A.6006); Pasloske B, DuBois D, Winkler M; Ambion, Inc., Austin, TX. Fax: (512) 445-7139.; Introduction: Quantitative assays (PCR, bDNA, NASBA) for RNA viruses are rapidly increasing in use for both patient management and as markers for the efficacy of antiviral agents in clinical trials. These developments have created a need for well-defined RNA standards for calibrating individual assays for comparing dat
Identification of an A3 family supermotif epitope in HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. LB.A.6007); Threlkeld SC, Kalams SA, Sette A, Johnson RP, Wilkes B, Ruhle D, Walker BD; MGH, Charlestown, MA. Fax: (617) 726-5411. E-mail: THRELKELDS@Al.mgh.harvard.edu.; Objective: To define CTL epitopes in HIV-1 which can be presented by multiple alleles in the HLA A3 superfamily (HLA3, A11, A31, A68). Methods: Limiting dilution cloning of CD8 cells was performed in HIV-1 infected persons expressing either HLA A3 or A11. HIV-1 specific CTL clones restricted by HLA A3 and A11 were iden
HIV Tat represses HLA-G expression in human trophoblasts.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. LB.A.6008); Slabiak TM, Lim KH; UCSF, Department of OB/GYN & Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 753-3271. E-mail: GIRL_CLONE@UCSF.EDU.; Objective: To determine the effect of HIV Tat protein on trophoblast HLA-G expression in vitro. Methods: Transient transfections were performed on JEG human choriocarcinoma cells which are known to express the HLA-G molecule. JEG cells are grown to 1x10(6) cells per 60 mm petri dish. We co-transfected 1,2, and 3 microg
HIV-1 gene expression in members of the dendritic cell family depends upon their microenvironment.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no.f LB.A.6009); Tenner-Racz K, von Stemm A, Raschdorff B, Dietrich M, Racz P; Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fur Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany. Fax: 49 60 31182309.; Objective: DCs from peripheral blood support HIV-1 replication in vitro but data concerning the in vivo role of these cells as targets for HIV-1 are controversial and it was therefore our aim to evaluate whether or not members of the dendritic cell (DC) family are productively infected by HIV-1. Methods: Surgical speci
Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. LB.A.6010); Chiu CP, Effros RB, Allsopp R, Hausner MA, Hirji K, Wang L, Harley CB, Villeponteau B, West MD, Giorgi JV; Geron Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. Fax: (415) 473-7750. E-mail: cchiu@geron.com.; Objective: To test the hypothesis that the expanded population of non-proliferative CD28-CD8+ T cells in HIV disease have shortened telomeres, thereby providing evidence that increased rounds of CD8+ cell division occur during HIV disease, possibly leading to replicative senescence and exhaustion of CD8+ T cell respons
"Designer nucleases" with HIV-1 RNA specificity and their use in anti-HIV-1 gene therapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. LB.A.6011); Joshi S, Melekhovets YF; Department of Microbiology. University of Toronto, ON, Canada. Fax: (416) 638-1459. E-mail: sadhna.joshi.sukhwal@utoronto.ca.; Objective: An alternative and novel class of molecules that could be used for anti-HIV-1 gene therapy would include designer nucleases that would specifically recognize and cleave HIV-1 RNAs. Such nucleases could be engineered by conferring TAR RNA specificity to an RNase so that they will specifically recognize and cl
High level and stable HIV-1 resistance in CD4+ cells by multi-targeting antisense RNA incorporated into UI snRNA.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. LB.A.6012); Liu D, Donegan J, Kelker N, Nuovo G, Laurence J; Enzo Biochem, Inc., Farmingdale, NY. Fax: (212) 856-0878. E-mail: bet3@cornell.edu.; Objective: To develop high level and stable resistance to HIV-1 in CD4+ cells as a critical step in the development of ex vivo antisense therapy. Methods: We have produced immune cells with stable and high level resistance to HIV-1 by the introduction of an antisense RNA-producing DNA construct. In order to overcome th
Immunogenic profile and efficacy testing in macaques immunized with an avipox/env(SF2) recombinant virus.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. LB.A.6013); De Giuli MC, Gimelli M, Ghioni C, Radaelli A, Teeuwsen V, van Gils M, den Haaft P, Borgers W, Heeney JL; University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Fax: 0039-2-7014637. E-mail: degiuli@imiucca.csi.unimi.it.; Objective: To analyze the immune response of Rhesus macaques immunized with live, non replicating, recombinant Fowlpoxvirus carrying the complete HIV-1(SF2) env gene, and to verify its protective ability. Methods: On the genetic background of Fowlpoxvirus, a live, recombinant vector containing the HIV-1(SF2) env gene h
Anti-HIV properties of Chinese medicinal herb-H.C.X.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. LB.A.6014); Zhou HC, Hudson JB, Lee W; Zhuollen Technology Ltd., New Westminster, BC, Canada. Fax: (604) 936-8806.; Objective: To evaluate Chinese Herbal Complex X for anti-HIV activity. Materials: Lonicera japonica; Taraxacum monoglicum; Phellodendron Chinese; Coix lacryma-jobi; Astragalus membranaceus; Boswellia carterii, etc. Methods: The plaque-assays of evaluation of HCX had carried out in virology laboratory, Division of Medic
T-20 and T-1052, novel inhibitors of HIV fusion, block infection of human macrophages by HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. LB.A.6015); Black P, Wood O, Bacho M, Lambert D, Guthrie K, Barney S, Ussery M; U.S.F.D.A., Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 594-6289. E-mail: blackp@cder.fda.gov.; Objective: To determine the antiviral activity of T-20 and T-1052, novel inhibitors of HIV fusion, in human macrophages. Method: Monocyte/macrophage (MM) cultures were derived from healthy adult human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by adherence to plastic and were maintained in culture with granulocyte-macro
Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in HIV-1 seropositive subjects receiving the HIV-1 immunogen.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. LB.A.6016); Moss R, Trauger R, Wallace M, Turner J, Kim YB, Giermakowska W, Savary J, Richieri S, Daigle A, Ferre F, Jensen F, Carlo D; Immune Response Corporation, Carlsbad, CA. Fax: (619) 431-8636. E-mail: shotdoc@imnr.com.; Cellular and humoral immune responses were measured in HIV-1 seropositive subjects receiving gp 120-depleted, inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Incomplete Freund s Adjuvant (HIV-1 Immunogen) during an open-labeled treatment study. Gamma interferon (INFgamma) levels were measurable in 8/13 (62%) subjects constitutively and i
Antiretroviral activity and safety of indinavir (IDV) alone and in combination with zidovudine (ZDV) in ZDV-naive patients with CD4 cell counts of 50-250 cells/mm(3).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. LB.B.6017); Suleiman J, Lewi D, Uip D, Pedro R, Suleiman G, Accetturi C, Lima AL, Abreu W, Levi G, Teixeira P, Alencar R, Moraes-Filho JJ, Motti E, Pecoraro ML, Makurath M, Nessly M, Leavitt R; MSD Brazil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Fax: 55-11-212-6512.; Objectives: To compare the activity and safety of IDV 800 mg q8h vs. ZDV 200 mg q8h vs. IDV+ZDV in ZDV- and protease inhibitor-naive patients with CD4 cell counts between 50 and 250 cells/mm(3). Methods: A prospectively planned preliminary analysis was done on the first 224 patients to be randomized in an ongoing doubl
The role of the general practitioner in prevention of sexually transmitted infections in The Netherlands. Preliminary results of a peer-centered continuous education programme.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. LB.B.6018); van Bergen J; Dutch National Society of General Practitioners, Department of Quality Assurance and Continuous Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: 31-50-3182432.; Introduction: In March 1994 a project was started in order to integrate continuing education for general practitioners (GP s) about HIV in regular continuing education in the Netherlands . The strategy was to create a network of regional GP s with additional knowledge and interest in the field of prevention and care of
Antiretroviral activity and safety of indinavir (IDV) alone and in combination with zidovudine (ZDV) in ZDV-naive patients with CD4 cell counts of 50-500 cells/mm(3).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:26 (abstract no. LB.B.6019); Berry P, Kahn J, Cooper R, Chung M, Meibohm A, Arcuri K, Massari F, Chodakewitz J; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA. Fax: (610) 834-7555.; Objectives: To compare the activity and safety of IDV 800 mg q8h vs. IDV+ZDV in ZDV- and protease inhibitor-naive patients with CD4 cell counts between 50-500 cells/mm(3). Methods: A prospectively planned preliminary analysis was done on the first 266 patients to be randomized in an ongoing double-blind surrogate marke
Utilization of phototherapy and photochemotherapy (UV therapy) for treatment of skin conditions in HIV infection in the U.S.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:26 (abstract no. LB.B.6020); Beer JZ, Mills DK, Lightfoote MM, Zmudzka BZ, Krell K, Stern RS; Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 594-6775.; Objectives: To determine (a) ultraviolet radiation (UV) modalities used for treatment of skin conditions in HIV infection, (b) the indications for the use of such modalities, and C) HIV-disease stage of the UV-therapy patients (pts). Methods: During 2 two-week periods between late fall 1994 and early spring 1995, data
Rapid viral load decrease in primary infection associated with aggressive therapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:26 (abstract no. LB.B.6021); Workman C, Downie J, Sutherland D, Smith DE, Dyer W, Shen J, Sullivan J; Primary Care Physician, New South Wales, Australia. Fax: 61-2-331-1833. E-mail: lchan@extro.ucc.su.oz.au.; Objective: Recent studies suggest that the viral burden reached at the resolution of primary infection may determine disease outcome. Decreasing the viral burden at this early stage of disease is therefore of potential benefit. Greatest decreases in HIV viral burden have been reported using combinatio
A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) versus placebo in primary HIV infection (DATRI 002): a preliminary analysis.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:26 (abstract no. LB.B.6022); Holodniy M, Niu M, Bethel J, Standiford H, Schnittman S; VA Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA. Fax: (415) 858-3978. E-mail: hf.myh@forsythe.stanford.edu.; Objectives: To assess the role of ZDV initiated during primary HIV infection (PHI), prior to the establishment of chronic infection, and to provide insight into the pathogenesis of PHI. Methods: patients presenting with symptoms were screened for evidence of acute HIV infection; patients with p24 antigenemia and negati
Characteristics and identification of early HIV seroconverters.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:27 (abstract no. LB.B.6023); Celum C, Buchbinder S, Donnell D, Douglas J, Mayer K, Marmor M, Koblin B, Flores J, Self S, Sheppard HW; Pacific Medical Centre, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 621-4582. E-mail: ccelum@u.washington.edu.; Objectives: Pathogenesis and treatment studies on acute HIV infection usually enroll symptomatic seroconverters. To evaluate whether referral-based populations may differ from prospectively-identified unselected seroconverters, we compared seroconverters who sought medical care to those who did not seek care by viral l
HIV-1 RNA quantification by NASBA in matched plasma and cervico-vaginal lavage in HIV seropositive women.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:27 (abstract no. LB.B.6024); Caliendo A, Cu-Uvin S, Costello S, Murphy D, Mayer K, Flanigan T, Carpenter C; Brown University AIDS Program, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. Fax: (401) 331-8501.; Objective: To quantitate HIV-1 RNA levels in matched plasma and cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) specimens from HIV-1 positive women. Methods: Matched plasma and CVL specimens were collected from 22 HIV-1 positive women. HIV-1 RNA was quantitated using the NASBA assay (Organon Teknika). One ml of plasma or CVL was added to
Comparison of two doses of clarithromycin in a randomized trial of four 3-drug regimens for treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in AIDS: excess mortality associated with high-dose clarithromycin.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:27 (abstract no. LB.B.6025); Cohen DL, Fisher E, Franchino B, Hodges J, Chestnut J, Child C, Gilbert C, El-Sadr W, Hafner R, Ropka M, Heifets L, Clotfelter J, Munroe D, Caldwell R, Canady K, Horsburgh C; Denver CPCRA, Denver, CO. Fax: (303) 436-7211. E-mail: cohnd@essex.uchsc.edu.; Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of four regimens in treatment (Rx) of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease (DMAC) in patients (pts) with AIDS. Methods: From 3/95 to 2/96, patients with AIDS and DMAC or presumptive DMAC were randomized to receive one of four 3-drug regimens in a factorial desig
Randomized comparative trial of DOXIL vs. Bleomycin and Vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-Related KS.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:27 (abstract no. LB.B.6026); Stewart S, Jablonowski H, Goebel FD, L'Age M, Spittle M, Luthy R; Oncology Department, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK. Fax: 44-171-725-1840. E-mail: simon@dukav.demon.co.uk.; 241 patients with HIV related Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) were randomized to receive six 3-weekly cycles of either BV-Bleomycin, 15 mg/m(2) and Vincristine 2 mgs (120 patients)or DOXIL-20 mg/m(2) (121 patients). Both groups were well matched for prognostic factors: according to ACTG criteria, Poor Risks KS was seen in 57 (
Microsporidiosis of the cornea in an AIDS patient.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:27 (abstract no. LB.B.6027); Stool E, Sawyer GS, Gathe J, Green M, Font R, Frazier R, Schrader S; Park Plaza Hospital, Houston, TX. Fax: (713) 524-0018.; Objective: To show an unusual corneal infection in an AIDS patient that mimics keratitis sicca and its treatment. Methods: Retrospective chart review of a patient with corneal infection who was followed prospectively by the authors. Results: M.S. is a 37 year old AIDS patient who presented 4/95 with severe pain in both
Gingival inflammatory exudate of AIDS patients contains macrophages in the productive phase of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:27 (abstract no. LB.B.6028); Suzuki T, Tai H, Yoshie H, Jeannel D, Fournier S, Dupont B, de The G, Hara K; Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. Fax: (+81) 25 223 3761. E-mail: takashi@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp.; Objectives: To determine whether the p24-positive monocyte/macrophages detected in gingival inflammatory tissue exudate (AIDS 1996, in press) are HIV-infected population within which viral replication occurs. Design: Twenty-three CDC stage IV AIDS patients participated in the study. Leukocyte infiltrates in gingival cr
Evaluation of HIV-activating UV doses in the skin exposed to phototherapy and photochemotherapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:28 (abstract no. LB.B.6029); Zmudzka BZ, Miller SA, Lightfoote MM, Jacobs ME, Beer JZ; FDA, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 594-6775. E-mail: bzz@fda.dr.gov.; Objective: To evaluate the possibility of HIV activation in the skin treated with phototherapy (UVB therapy) or photochemotherapy (PUVA therapy). Methods: Using the data for HIV promoter activation in vitro, we computed UVB and PUVA doses that produce 50% of the maximal promoter activation (AD(50)). Then, using (a) lit
Treatment of advanced HIV infection with ritonavir plus saquinavir.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:28 (abstract no. LB.B.6030); Hirschel BJ, Rutschmann O, Fathi M, Gabriel V, Mendoula A, von Overbeck I, Iten A; Divisions of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.; Objectives: To conduct a pilot study of the rit/saq combination in advanced HIV infection. Patients: 7 patients with median CD4 count of 10, all with previous AIDS-defining conditions, 5 with active disease (multiple drug-resistant TB with positive blood cultures, microsporidiosis ,
Triple therapy with AZT and 3TC in combination with nelfinavir mesylate in 12 antiretroviral-naive subjects chronically infected with HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:28 (abstract no. LB.B.6031); Markowitz M, Cao Y, Hurley A, O'Donovan R, Peterkin J, Anderson B, Smiley L, Keller A, Johnson P, Johnson D, Ho DD; The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 725-1126. E-mail: marty@adarc.nyu.edu.; Triple therapy with 2 nucleoside RT inhibitors and a potent protease inhibitor may erect an antiviral barrier such that durable suppression of measurable viral replication occurs. This, in turn, should result in long-term immunologic benefit. To test this hypothesis, 12 antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected subjects with a
Epivir (3TC) expanded access program - North American safety experience.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:28 (abstract no. LB.B.6032); Conant M, Self P, Liao E, Cocchetto D, Rubin M; Conant Medical Group, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 661-6275.; Objectives: To establish an Expanded Access Program to provide access to and obtain safety data on Epivir therapy. Methods: Adult and pediatric patients in the U.S. and Canada with progressive, symptomatic HIV disease who had a baseline CD4 cell count less than or equal to 300 cells/mm(3) and were refrac
Improved survival and decreased progression of HIV in patients treated with saquinavir (Invirase, SQV) plus HIVID (zalcitabine, ddC).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:29 (abstract no. LB.B.6033); Lalezari J, Haubrich R, Burger HU, Beattie D, Donatacci L, Salgo MP; Mt. Zion Hospital of UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 476-3622. E-mail: miklos.salgo@roche.com.; Objective: To compare the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SQV plus ddC , compared to ddC or SQV alone. Methods: In this double-blind, multicentre, phase II/III study, HIV infected patients with a CD4 lymphocyte count of 50-300 cells/mm(3), and greater than or equal to 16 weeks of prior ZDV therapy, were randomized
Prime-boost protocols for vaccination against HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:29 (abstract no. LB.B.6034); Excler JL, Duliege AM, Clements ML, Salmon D, McNamara J, Fast P, Meignier B, Klein M, Plotkin SA; Pasteur Merieux Serums & Vaccins, France. Fax: 33.1.47.95.80.00.; Vaccination against HIV should evoke both neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses. No single antigen has yet demonstrated the ability to produce both types of responses. Nevertheless, glycoproteins administered with good adjuvants have been adept at inducing neutralizing antibodies against laboratory stra
Effects of the aqueous extract of snail Achatina fulica Bowdich on HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:29 (abstract no. LB.B.6036); Young KC, Hee JL, Eun SK, Won IO; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea. Fax: 82 (02) 224-4283.; Objective: To determine the effects of snail Achatina fulica Bowdich extract (AFE) in HIV-infected individuals (HIV+). The anti-HIV effect of the purified components from Achatina fulica in vitro was already confirmed by Ashok D. Patil et al (J Med Chem 36:4131-38, 1993). Methods: Thirty HIV+ were treated with AFE (Chu
HIV-specific transfer factor.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:29 (abstract no. LB.B.6037); Chiodo F, Raise F, Gritti F, Pizza G, Fudenberg HH, DeVinci C, Viza D; Neuro ImmunoTherapeutics Research Foundation, Spartanburg, SC. Fax: (803) 591-0622. E-mail: compuserve ID 103765, 1153.; Rationale: Specific transfer factor (TF) is known to be efficacious in treating or preventing viral infections. Methods: HIV-specific TF was made from immunized BALB/c mice, and replicated in tissue culture and encapsulated for oral administration. Results: 20 ARC patients, treated with TF and zidovudine (ZDV) for more
Rational interleukin 2 therapy for HIV+ individuals: daily low doses enhance immune function without toxicity.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:29 (abstract no. LB.B.6038); Smith KA, Jacobson L, Pilaro F; New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 746-8167. E-mail: kasmith@mail.med.cornell.edu.; Objectives: When administered in high doses to HIV+ individuals, interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) causes extreme toxicity and markedly increases plasma HIV levels. Integration of the information from the structure-activity relationships of the IL-2 receptor interaction, the cellular distribution of the different classes of IL-2
Development of an anti-HIV oligodeoxynucleotide gp12A: inhibition of multiple HIV strains and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:30 (abstract no. LB.B.6039); Anazodo MI, Liu C, Powers C, Duta E, Friesen A, Wainberg M, Wright J; Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Fax: (204) 787-2190.; Objective: Preclinical and clinical development of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide drug against HIV and its application to the treatment of HIV/AIDS disease. Methods: A partially thiolated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide sequence (GP12A) was synthesized that targets a conserved region of the HIV-1 gag sequence. Initia
Clinical trial of Buxux Sempervirens L. Preparation (SPV 30) in asymptomatic HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:30 (abstract no. LB.B.6040); Vandermander J, Durant J, Chantre P, Dellamonica P; Arkopharma, Carros, France. Fax: 33.93.29.11.62.; Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of SPV 30 (a boxwood preparation listed in the Pharmacopea) in asymptomatic patients (group II-III, CDC 1987) with CD4+ cell count between 250 and 500/mm(3) at day 1. Methods: 150 asymptomatic patients have been followed for 12 to 18 months during a phase II-III, multicenter
Assessment of single- and multiple-dose interactions between ritonavir and saquinavir.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:30 (abstract no. LB.B.6041); Hsu A, Granneman GR, Sun E, Chen P, El-Shourbagy T, Locke C, Baroldi P, Carothers L, Cao G, Qian J, Pizzuti D, Stewart F, Leonard J; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL. Fax: (847) 938-5193. E-mail: Ann.Hsu@abbott.com.; Study Design: Two interaction studies have been conducted in healthy, non-HIV female and male volunteers using Norvir capsules and Invirase capsules under nonfasting conditions. The single-dose study involved 6 dose groups utilizing a crossover design and the 2-week multiple-dose study invol
Multidisciplinary hospital based HIV consultation service: a model for states with rural communities.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:30 (abstract no. LB.B.6042); Smith R, Putnam ST, Luce C, Perkins P, Anderson K; AIDS Consultation Service, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME. Fax: (207) 871-6116. E-mail: smithr.data@office.mmc.org.; In the second decade of the AIDS epidemic, an increasing proportion of cases are reported from rural areas. In Maine, the percentage of AIDS cases reported from non-metropolitan areas increased from 30% to 58% between 1986 to 1994. Provision of state-of-the-art care for persons with HIV living in rural areas is
Home care, a challenge to community based organizations in Kampala District-Uganda.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:31 (abstract no. LB.B.6043); Odongo-Aginya D, Madraa E, Eriki M; STD/AIDS Control Programme, Entebbe, Uganda. Fax: 256-42-20608.; A person with AIDS can register with more than one organization for treatment and material support which are often inadequate. Project: Community Based/Home Care Programme was initiated by various Non-Governmental Organizations in Kampala District as early as 1987. Strategies of Home Care Programme include medic
Results of paired saliva-serum HIV antibody testing in high risk Cambodian population.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:31 (abstract no. LB.B.6044); Szipola G, Hor Bun L, Huszar A; HQs of Budapest Police, Health Department, Budapest, Hungary. Fax: 36-1-32601878. E-mail: 100324.1321@compu-serve.com.; Objectives: Identifying the frequency of HIV infections in a surveillance programme of high-risk and low-risk sentinel groups in Koh Kong province. To evaluate saliva HIV antibody testing as a non-invasive and cost-effective alternative to serum. Methods: Paired samples of saliva and serum were collected from 271 subje
The use of EuroQol preference scale in AIDS. Results from two clinical trials.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:31 (abstract no. LB.B.6045); Nabulsi AA, Revicki D, Conway D, Maurath C, Leonard J; Abbott Park, IL. Fax: (847) 937-1992. E-mail: Azmi.Nabulsi@Abbott.com.; The EuroQol is a multidimensional preference scale with a total summary score on global quality of life. The EuroQol is a generic instrument that is self-administered. It is comprised of five dimensions of health status (mobility, self care, pain, role function, anxiety and depression). The EuroQol questionnaire was ad
Quality of life consequences of adding ritonavir to current antiviral therapy for advanced HIV patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:31 (abstract no. LB.B.6046); Nabulsi AA, Revicki D, Conway D, Maurath C, Mills R, Leonard J; Abbott Park, IL. Fax: (847) 937-1992. E-mail: Azmi.Nabulsi@Abbott.com.; A randomized, double-blind, multi-national clinical trial of a protease inhibitor, ritonavir , plus existing treatment versus medical treatment alone was performed on HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts of less than or equal to 100 cells/L. Patients in both treatment groups were allowed to maintain existing prophylac
The economic impact of treatment of HIV-positive women and their newborns with zidovudine: implications for HIV screening.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:31 (abstract no. LB.B.6047); Mauskopf J, Paul J, White A, Tilson H; Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. Fax: (919) 483-3096. E-mail: JAM18448@GLAXO.COM.; Objectives: To estimate the economic and health impacts of (1) treating pregnant women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive with zidovudine and (2) voluntary HIV screening programs for pregnant women. Methods: Health care costs and reduced cases of pediatric HIV infection were estimated. Health care cost
A pharmacoeconomic analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma patients based on a clinical trial of ABV vs. DaunoXome.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. LB.B.6048); Savage GE, Gable C, Motte K, Dixon C, Becker R; Health Economics State and Federal Associated, Inc., Alexandria, VA. Fax: (703) 683-2239.; Objective: A pharmacoeconomic analysis based on clinical trial data comparing standard treatment Adriamycin, Bleomycin, and Vincristine (ABV) with a new single product, liposomal daunorubicin ( DaunoXome ), for the treatment of advanced Kaposi s sarcoma. Methods: The analysis is a cost minimization model assuming equal
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Venezuela.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. LB.C.6049); Quinones-Mateu ME, Pacheco M, Acevedo N, Domingo E; Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Madrid, Spain. Fax: 34-1-397-4799. E-mail: mquinone@mvax.cbm.uam.es.; Objective: To analyze two groups of HIV-1 isolates from Venezuela (1991 and 1994/95) by HMA subtyping and to characterize sequence evolution for three different genomic regions in recent years. Methods: Twenty-eight blood samples from HIV-1 positive Venezuelan patients were obtained in two periods: March-Oct. 91 and Au
Saquinavir in the treatment of HIV infection: patterns of use in the French Compassionate use programme, 1996.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. LB.C.6050); Rousselle B, Dohin E, Pichon F, Andriamanamihaja M, Goehrs JM; Produits Roche, Medical Department, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Fax: 33 1 46.40.53.31.; Objective: To describe patterns of use for the Roche HIV Protease Inhibitor (PI), Saquinavir during the French Compassionate use programme (see below for clarification of ATU) since February 1996. Methods: Saquinavir (SQV) was the first HIV PI to be made available to the French AIDS patients (pts).
Risk factors for HIV infection in a sample of out-of-treatment injection drug users in California.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. LB.C.6052); Mikanda J, Ruiz J, Flynn N, Walters J, Sun R; California Department of Health Services, Office of AIDS, Sacramento, CA. Fax: (916) 327-3252. E-mail: jmikanda@hwl.cahwnet.gov.; Objective: To examine changes of risk behaviours and its determinants as well as risk factors for HIV infection among Out-of-Treatment Injection Drug Users (OTIDUs) with a particular attention to incarceration status and its risk patterns. Methods: In 1994 a multisite cross-sectional study was conducted among 1550 OTID
HIV-1 endemicity and the risk of seroconversion among heterosexual men in the U.S. army.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. LB.C.6053); Levin LI, Renzullo PO, Garner R, Lasley-Bibbs V, McNeil J; Preventive Medicine, WRAIR, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 294-1898. E-mail: prenzull@hiv.hjf.org.; Objective: To evaluate whether female sex partners from high HIV-1 prevalence areas increase the risk of seroconversion among heterosexual men in the U.S. army. Methods: Cases were 70 men in the Army who seroconverted between July 1986 and December 1991 and who reported only having sex with women. Controls were active-
Impact of pregnancy on maternal AIDS (a prospective study).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. LB.C.6054); Kumar RM, Khuranna A, Uduman S; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Alain, UAE. Fax: (9713) 657134.; Aim: To assess the impact of pregnancy on maternal AIDS among tribal women from India . Design: At Government hospital in Manipur, 71 women with AIDS (CDC III/IV) were identified and prospectively studied from December 1992 to January 1996. Of these 71, 32 were pregnant (Group A) and 39 non-pregnant (Group B). Both gro
Factors related to the progression of HIV-infection in women in Britain and Ireland.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. LB.C.6055); Griffioen A; University College London Medical School, London, WUE. Fax: 0171-388 4179. E-mail: agriffioen@qum.ucl.acuv.; Objectives: To describe the factors related to progression of HIV disease in a cohort of HIV positive women. Methods: Cohort study of HIV positive women recruited from 15 Genito-urinary Medicine/HIV clinics in Britain and Ireland between June 1992 and August 1995. Cox proportional hazard models have been used to invest
Sydney blood bank cohort: (SBBC) additional long-term non-progressor with HIV (LTNP) identified; immunological update on SBBC 12-15 years post infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. LB.C.6056); Learmont J, Rhodes D, Soloman A, Wood J, McIntyre L, Dyer W, Geczy A, Deacon N, Sullivan J; NSW Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Fax: 612/229-4479.; Objectives: To identify the recipient of a unit donated in 1981 by the single donor in the SBBC. To monitor the immunological and surrogate markers for HIV progression of the SBBC. These include CD4, CD8, CD4:CD8 ratio, CD3 and total lymphocyte counts and p24 available data. Methods: The destination of a unit donated i
HIV-testing on the initiative of the patient in general practice in eight European countries (1990-1994) ("Europe against AIDS"): Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. LB.C.6058); Van Renterghem H, Van Casteren V, Szecsenyi J, Bartelds A, Cloetta J, Falcao I, Massari V, Maurice S, Vega AT, Wigersma L, Stroobant A; Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Brussels, Belgium. Fax: 32-2-642-5410. E-mail: andre.stroobant@epinov.ihe.be.; Objective: To describe and explain regional/national differences and temporal changes in the demand for HIV-test by patients in general practice in eight European countries. Methods: From 1990 to 1994, 9 sentinel networks (SNs) of general practitioners (GPs) from 7 European countries-- Belgium (national SN),
Using oral fluid specimens to extend HIV antibody testing to difficult to reach urban and rural populations.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. LB.C.6059); Judson F, Breese P, Winters R, Columbus C, Santistevan C, George JR; Epitope, Inc., Beaverton, OR. Fax: (503) 643-2781.; Testing for HIV infection among some at risk populations is limited by resistance to the invasive nature of the procedure and by the reach of traditional counseling and testing programs. Study: A multicenter study of HIV testing using the FDA-approved OraSure HIV-1 Oral Specimen Collection Device was undertaken
A training long-term effects addressed to health care personnel working with young gays and bisexuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. LB.C.6060); Vassal A, Otis J, Chouinard N, Pilote F; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (514) 288-0606.; Objective: To evaluate long-term effects of a two phases training, addressed to personnel from health and social services as well as community network, working eventually, with young gays and bisexuals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group design was planned with pretest (before Training; TI) and posttest (more than
Determinant of Ethiopian rural schools involvement in AIDS prevention: schools knowledge about AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. LB.C.6061); Azeze B, Yohannes G, Alemu S, Kidan GK, Isheak A, Endeshaw S; Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Ethiopia. Fax: 11-14-79.; Objective: This study explores the determinant factor, AIDS knowledge, for rural high school involvement in AIDS prevention activities at a rural community where mass medias are scarce. Methods: A total of 108 randomly selected male high school students and teachers were interviewed in May 1995 at Debretabor, South Gon
Improved STD treatment significantly reduces prevalence of syphilis and symptomatic urethritis in rural Tanzania.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. LB.C. 6062); Mwijarubi E, Grosskurth H, Mosha F, Mayaud P, Mugeye K, Todd J, Cornelissen J, West B, Gavyole A, Hayes R, Mabey; Tropical Health Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England. Fax: 44-171-436-4230. E-mail: ethehgro@lshtm.ac.uk.; Objective: To measure the impact of improved STD management, using the syndromic approach at the primary health care level, on STD prevalences in Mwanza Region, Tanzania . The impact on HIV incidence (a 42% reduction) has been reported previously, but only preliminary data on STD impact have been published. Methods: Co
Feasibility of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in HIV-infected persons, Chiangmai, Thailand. (First year report).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. LB.C.6063); Natpratan C, Akrasewi P, Kongsin S, Prapanwong A; Office of Communicable Disease Control Region 10, Chiang-Mai, Thailand. Fax: 66-53-271020.; Objective: TB is a common opportunistic infection among HIV/AIDS patients in northern Thailand . The seroprevalence of HIV in TB patients increased from 5.2% in 1989 to 40% in 1995. HIV-associated TB has high morbidity and mortality. We studied demand for preventive therapy, compliance, and completion of a preventive t
Prevention--international best practice highlights.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. LB.D.6064); de Burger R; Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Fax: (613) 725-9826. E-mail: rdeburger@cpha.ca.; HIV Prevention Works , an official satellite of the XI International Conference on AIDS takes a unique approach to prevention by exploring and uniting a broad spectrum of issues including underlying social conditions which make various groups vulnerable to HIV disease. It focuses on behavioral, social and economic cha
AIDS outreach program targeting single mothers who are office secretaries in and around Nairobi.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. LB.D.6066); Kamau MM, Bwayo JJ, Ngugi EN, Ndinya-Achola JO; Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Single mothers in Kenya are economically unstable. The men responsible for the pregnancy disappear with no guilt of what they have done. This makes the women therefore increasingly at higher risk than men who provide money and goods in exchange for sex. Project: During a competition for Kenyan secretaries last y
Perception variations in AIDS clinical trial participants of differing demographic backgrounds.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. LB.D.6067); Maimon G, Giordano MF, Grimes-Gruczka T; NY Hospital-Cornell Medical Centre, Cornell Clinical Trials Unit, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 746-8415. E-mail: gm19@cornell.edu.; Objective: As the population of AIDS clinical trial participants diversifies, it becomes important to understand the motivations and experiences of the various subgroups of patients. A survey study was conducted on patient sentiment towards clinical studies as well as the variability in these opinions that could be att
Participatory approach in the campaign against AIDS/STDs in schools.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. LB.D.6068); Goungou ES, Dikewu A, Clavreul J, Grunitzky-Bekele M, Ouyi W; Lome, Togo.; Objective: To bring students to be actively involved in the prevention of STDs/AIDS and to adopt responsible behaviors. To provide for the needs of information and training of students in the domains dealing with affection, sex and STDs/AIDS. Method: Training of 578 Inspectors, Advisers and Teachers of the 300 Colleges
Sexual behavior change due to HIV/AIDS: results from population based surveys conducted in five districts of Uganda.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. LB.D.6069); Opio AA, Musinguzi J, Asiimwe-Okiror G, Byabamazima C, Turyaguma P, Madraa E, Nsubuga P, Kawesa D; STD/ACP Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda. Fax: 256-42-20608.; Objectives: To provide baseline data for evaluation of STD/AIDS Control Programme. Methods: From October 1995 to November 1995, population-based studies were conducted in 5 districts of Uganda . Subjects were selected through a multistage sampling technique. First, 50 clusters were randomly selected from each study dom
HIV genetic diversity.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:2 (abstract no. Mo.02); McCutchan FE, Salminen MO, Carr JK, Burke DS; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-762-7460. E-mail: fmccutchan@hiv.hjf.org.; Introduction: HIV-1 evolves by the rapid accumulation of mutations and by recombination; both processes are actively contributing to its genetic diversity. Many new full-length sequences of HIV-1 isolates have been obtained, permitting, for the first time, a complete evaluation both of the genetic relationships among s
The epidemic of HIV among young gay men.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:2 (abstract no. Mo.03); de Wit J; Dept. of Social and Organizational Psychology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Fax: 31-30-253-7584. E-mail: wit@fsw.ruu.nl.; Summary: The AIDS crisis is not over was the title of a manifestation in the Museum of Modern Art in Amsterdam in the early 1990s. Given that this outcry is still valid to date, it is also the leading thought of this presentation on the HIV epidemic among young gay men. It will be argued that in industrialised nations,
Narcotic drug abuse, the Swedish experience.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:2 (abstract no. Mo.04); Grunewald A; Akersberga, Sweden. Fax: 46-8540-60669.; The restrictive Swedish drug policy is considered to be successful in keeping narcotic drug abuse on a relatively low level and has therefore attracted international attention. The Swedish laws are well adjusted to the three UN Conventions on Narcotic Drugs (1961, 1971, 1988). The combination of resources for preventiv
The failure of prohibition as a drug control strategy: the case of AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:2 (abstract no. Mo.05); Drucker E; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. Fax: 718-798-6378. E-mail: drucker@aecom.yu.edu.; Illicit drug use and addiction are now the single most dynamic feature of the global AIDS epidemic, capable of igniting explosive regional spread of HIV infection: In southeast Asia, over 1 million new HIV infections have occurred in the past decade. The failure to effectively regulate addictive drugs through prohibiti
Chemically inactivated whole HIV vaccine induces cellular responses in mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. Mo.A.100); Addawe MD, Fabrizzi F, Dourmashkin R, Wilson S, Oxford JS; Department of Academic Virology and Retroscreen Ltd., London Hospital Medical College, London, UK.; Objectives: To investigate the immune response in mice to an experimental whole virus chemically inactivated HIV-1 vaccine. Methods and Results: Groups of female mice (Balb/c) were immunised with two doses (10 micrograms and 1 microgram) of a whole HIV MN virus grown in C8166 cells. The vaccine production procedure inv
The dynamic expression of CD4 on cultured monocytes: implications for in vitro HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:56 (abstract no. Mo.A.1001); Graziani GM, Filion LG; University of Ottawa, Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, CA. Fax: 613-562-5452. E-mail: g507794@labsunl.med.uottawa.ca.; Introduction: Following overnight culture of purified monocytes, or monocytes in a PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) fraction, CD4 is down-regulated. However, within the PBMC cultures, CD4 on T cells continues to be expressed, suggesting that CD4 regulation is cell-specific. Whereas much work has been done on T
The implication of CD26 in HIV infection: viral entry and its cytopathic effect.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:56 (abstract no. Mo.A.1002); Callebaut C, Jacotot E, Krust B, Hovanessian AG; Institut Pasteur, UA CNRS Paris. Fax: 33 1 4061 3012. E-mail: chrcall@pasteur.fr.; Objective: The T cell activation antigen CD26 is a cell surface serine-exopeptidase charaterized by a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity. We have previously reported that CD26 through a potential interaction with the V3 loop of HIV envelope gp120, could serve as a cofactor of CD4 in entry of lymphotropic HIV-1 L
Identification of the beta 2-m derived epitope responsible for neutralisation of HIV isolates.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:56 (abstract no. Mo.A.1003); Le Contel C, Galea P, Silvy F, Hirsch I, Chermann JC; Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et Maladies Associees, Marseille, France. Fax: (33) 91 41 92 50.; Objective: Specific antibodies against beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) have been demonstrated to precipitate HIV-1 LAV showing that HIV virions carried beta 2-m on their surface. Such antibodies inhibit replication of HIV-1 LAV. We investigated whether beta 2-m could represent a target against all HIV strains and which
Differential course of HIV-1 infection in primary human monocytes and macrophages.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:56 (abstract no. Mo.A.1004); Schneider J, Bohuschke M, Kary B, Herchenroder O; Abt. Virologie, Freiburg, Germany. Fax: *49761 2036639. E- mail: schf@sun1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de.; Objective: Blood monocytes can transport HIV from the blood into the organs. As a prerequisite to understand their potential role in the AIDS pathogenesis, we have studied the course of HIV-infection during differentiation of blood monocytes (MO) to adherent macrophages (MF) in vitro. Methods: MO from 34 healthy blood
Subtype identification and replication capacity of HIV-1 strains isolated in Hungary.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:56 (abstract no. Mo.A.1005); Nagy K, Barabas E, Varkonyi V, Horvath A; National Institute of Dermato-Venereology, Budapest, Hungary. Fax: +36 1 134 0566. E-mail: nagkar@bor.sote.hu.; Objective: To identify HIV-1 envelope sequence subtype and characterise in vitro replication capacity of HIV strains from infected asymptomatic individuals. Methods: DNA samples derived from periferal blood mononuclear cells were analsed by sequencing of HIV-1 env region encoding V3-loop. A 211 nucleotide fragment (706
Separation of gp120 and gp160 by Cibacron Blue 3GA.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:56 (abstract no. Mo.A.1006); Hattori T, Sato Y, Kubo T, Zhan X, Sakaida H, Nishikawa S, Uchiyama T; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto Univer., Kyoto, Japan. Tel/Fax: 81-75-751-3986. E-mail: thattori@virusl.virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.; Objectives: We have attempted to separate gp120 from gp160 from the culture supernatants of gp120/gp160 secreting CHO cells to characterize the biological and biochemical features of both proteins. Methods: CHO-SEC cells were used for secreting cells (kindly provided from Dr. Weiss at FDA ). The cells are made by tr
Roles of sialic acid in HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:57 (abstract no. Mo.A.1007); Murakami T, Hamamoto Y, Asagami C, Yamamoto M, Handa S, Taki T, Mizuochi T, Yoshida K, Yamamoto N; Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Fax: 81-35803-0124. E-mail: murakami.mmb@med.tmd.ac.jp.; Objective: To investigate the roles of sialic acid residues both on HIV-1 and target cells on the virus infectivity. Methods: HIV-1HTLV-IIIB and MT-4 or YAA cells (a non-tumorous monocyte/macrophage lineage cell line) were treated with a bacterial neuraminidase in the presence or absence of a specific inhibitor of the
Spectroscopic investigation of secondary structure change of a peptide from C4 region of HIV-1 gp120.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:57 (abstract no. Mo.A.1008); Chang DK, Chien WJ, Cheng SF, Chen ST; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Fax: 886-2-783-1237. E-mail: dkc@chem.sinica.edu.tw.; Objective: To determine the secondary structure of the C4 region of HIV-1 gp120 and its change on CD4 binding to assist vaccine and inhibitor development. Methods: A 44-mer peptide encompassing a CD4-binding site was synthesized and its secondary structure determined by NMR, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. Bind
Mechanisms of opsonized-HIV entry in normal B lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:57 (abstract no. Mo.A.1009); Legendre C, Gras G, Krzysiek R, Galanaud P, Richard Y, Dormont D; Service de Neurovirologie, IPSC, CEA and CRSSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France. Fax: (33 1) 46 54 77 26. E-mail: gras@dsv-idf.cea.fr.; Objective: To determine the respective contributions of CD4, and complement receptors, to opsonized HIV entry into normal B lymphocytes. Methods: Normal tonsil B lymphocytes, in vitro stimulated or not, were used as target cells for infection by antibody and complement-opsonized HIV-1/LAI. The effect of CD4-HSA, and th
Efficacy evaluation of conventional dual-subtype HIV vaccine.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. Mo.A.101); Yamamoto JK, Mison M, Elyar J, Tellier MC, Pu R; Univ. of Florida, Dept. of Pathobiology, College of Vet. Med., Gainesville, FL. Fax: 904-392-7128.; Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy of dual-subtype infected cell vaccine against homologous and heterologous FIV subtype challenges in domestic cats. Methods: Dual-subtype FIV vaccine was developed from two singly-infected (subtype A or D) cell lines that were inactivated and mixed with
Antisense expression cloning of HIV host factor genes.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:57 (abstract no. Mo.A.1010); Schalk HJ, Scheinert P, Thiesen J, Bendrat E; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine Virology, Hamburg, Germany. Fax: 49-70-31182309.; Besides its receptor CD4 HIV presumably needs additional membrane bound and intracellular receptors. To isolate genes for essentially needed host factors, we developed a three step cell genetic screen based on the expression of antisense RNA libraries. 1.) We constructed very small cDNA antisense libraries of cellular
Adenine clustering, guanine to adenine hypermutation and secondary HIV-1 RNA structure.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:57 (abstract no. Mo.A.1011); Rabinovich RD, Ghiringhelli D, Gutson D, Fernandez D, Marquina S, Libonatti O; National Reference Centre for AIDS, Paraguay, Argentina. Fax: 54 1 962 5404.; Objective: to study the possible relation among adenine accumulation, guanine to adenine hypermutation and RNA secondary structure in HIV-1 genomes. Methods: Fifteen HIV-1 and one HTLV-I sequences were obtained from Los Alamos data base. RNA folding (secondary structure) was predicted by using the FOLD program with upd
Anti-HIV action possessing a dual mechanism of masked alaninyl d4T-MP derivatives.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:57 (abstract no. Mo.A.1012); Balzarini J, Egberink H, Hartmann K, Karlsson A, Perno CF, Cahard D, Vahlenkamp T, Thormar H, De Clercq E, McGuigan C; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium. Fax: 32-16-33.73.40.; Masked nucleoside phosphoramidate derivatives of stavudine ( d4T ) such as So324 were found to show a marked anti-HIV activity in cell culture. So324 proved more inhibitory to HIV replication in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM/TK- cells than in wild-type cells, whereas
Possible regulation of HIV replication by a cellular factor binding to the primer binding site.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:58 (abstract no. Mo.A.1013); Lai D, Guo HG, Gallo RC, Reitz M; UMBI, Baltimore, Maryland. Fax: 410-706-8184.; Objective: The regulation of HIV replication has been intensively studied. One of the early steps is the reverse transcription of viral RNA into viral DNA, which is then integrated into the infected host cell genome. The natural primers for reverse transcription are the cell derived tRNAs. However, the exact interactio
Evaluation of anti-HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase (RT) antibody titer in HIV-infected subjects.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:58 (abstract no. Mo.A.1014); Meguro T, Yamazaki S, Takayama S, Shiga K, Takil M, Ito H, Sadamoto S, Koyanagi H, Kakishima H, Yamada K; Dept. of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Science Division of Research Laboratory, St. Marianna Univ. School Med, Yokohama, Japan. Fax: 045-366-1190.; We tried to study on the antibody titer against reverse-transcriptase (RT) of HIV and its clinical significance in 10 cases of HIV-infected hemophiliac patients, 4 cases of HIV-infected homo/heterosexual subjects and 51 uninfected volunteers. Methods: Using recombinant RT antigen of HIV-1, RT antibody in plasma or sear
Different viral variants in chromosomic and extra-chromosomic viral DNA in an in vitro superinfection with HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:58 (abstract no. Mo.A.1018); Marquina S, Gomez CM, Galvan V, Libonatti O, Rabinovich RD; National Reference Centre for AIDS, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: 54 1 962 5404.; Objective: to study the viral DNA in the chromosomic and extrachromosomic fraction and the viral progenie in a superinfection, with another variant, of a cell line persistently infected with an HIV-1 strain. Methods: The superinfection system consisted in the H9HTLVIIIB cell line persistently infected, and the superinf
Assaying integration activity of HIV-1 integrase with DNA-coated plates.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:58 (abstract no. Mo.A.1019); Syu W Jr, Chang YC, Ching TT; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Fax: 886-2-821-2880. E-mail: wjsyu@ym.edu.tw.; Objective: To simplify the measurement of integration reaction, an easy method mimicing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures was developed. Methods: Integration of reverse transcribed viral DNA of HIV into host chromosomes is mediated by the viral enzyme, integrase. This enzymatic activity can be monito
Adenovirus host range mutant-SIV recombinant vaccine trial in rhesus macaques.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. Mo.A.102); Buge SL, Lubeck M, Kalyan N, Cheng S, Richardson E, Markham P, Miller C, Udem S, Robert-Guroff M; NIH, Bethesda, MD. Fax: 301-496-8394.; Objective: To evaluate a prime-boost vaccine regimen using an adenovirus host range mutant (Ad5hr)-SIVsm envelope recombinant and native SIV251 gp120 for protective efficacy against vaginal transmission of SIV. Methods: Six adult female macaques were immunized orally and intranasally at 0 weeks and intratracheally at 1
Isolation and characterization of a novel class of human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitors from natural product screening.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:58 (abstract no. Mo.A.1020); Hazuda D, Blau C, Felock P, Hastings J, Lineberger D, Wolfe A, Goetz M, Williams M, Zink D, Singh S; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. Fax: 215-652-0994. E-mail: daria_hazuda@merck.com.; Objective: Integration of a copy of the viral genome into the genome of the host cell is an essential and defining step in the replication of all retroviruses. Integration is catalyzed by a virally encoded enzyme, integrase. The absolute requirement for integrase activity in the propagation of HIV-1 in cell culture def
Interference with the infectivity of HIV-1 by an envelope mutant.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:39 (abstract no. Mo.A.1021); Chen SS, Terwilliger E; Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Fax: 02-782-5573. E-mail: schen@ibms.sinica.edu.tw.; Objective: To determine whether an HIV-1 envelope (Env) variant lacking the gp41 cytoplasmic domain can function as an inhibitory mutant in the production of infectious virus, and to study the mechanism underlying the interference effect conferred by this mutant protein. Methods: The interference effect conferred by a
Targeted integration of HIV and HTLV-I proviral sequences into the human genome.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:59 (abstract no. Mo.A.1022); Rynditch AV, Zoubak SV, Bernardi G; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kiev, Ukraine. Fax: +380-44-2663498. E-mail: rynditch@imbig.kiev.ua.; Objective: The aim of present study was to assess if the regional specificity of HIV and HTLV-I integration exists and how it may contribute to explain some aspects of HIV and HTLV-I pathogenesis. Methods: The distribution of HIV and HTLV-I proviral sequences in DNA from cells in culture, asymptomatic carriers or patie
HIV-1 5'-LTRs from 42 patients representing all stages of infection, display a wide range of polymorphism in sequence, transcription potential and binding of factors but no clinical correlation.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:59 (abstract no. Mo.A.1023); Estable MC, Bell B, Merzouki A, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Sadowski IJ; Dept. Pathology, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: estable@hivnet.ubc.ca /ferrero@unixg.ubc.ca.; Objective: Despite extensive in vitro studies identifying a myriad of cellular transcription factors that bind the prototypical HIV-1 5 -LTR, the relative contribution of these factors to HIV-1 replication in infected individuals remains obscure. We wished to determine what are the in vivo HIV-1 5 -LTR polymorphisms in
Protective effects of exogenous copper-zinc superoxide dismutase on the TNF-alpha induced oxidative stress and HIV replication.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:59 (abstract no. Mo.A.1024); Edeas M, Peltier E, Claise C, Khalfoun Y, Lindenbaum A; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hopital Antoine Beclere, Clamart, France. Fax: 45 37 47 45.; Objective: To examine the effects of exogenous copper-zinc SOD on HIV expression and TNF-induced oxidative stress. Methods: SOD effects (anti-HIV and oxidative stress) were studied: 1-on the TNFalpha induced redox alteration in chronically HIV-1 infected promonocytic U1 cell line, 2- on HIV replication in peripheral bl
Reactivation by Tat and TNF-alpha of integrated HIV-1 genomes inactivated in cell culture by CPG methylation.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:59 (abstract no. Mo.A.1025); Bergmann S, Marschall M, Frohlich U, Lower R, Lower J; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany. Fax: +496103-771252. E-mail: loewer@em.uni-frankfurt.de.; Objective: To detect and to characterize intracellular mechanisms which inactivate already integrated HIV genomes. Methods: A cell clone (CBH) derived from the human T-cell line CEM-CM3 has been selected which contains a single copy of an HIV construct with a positively as well as negatively selectable marker gene (hyd
Influence of the HIV-1 leader sequence on mRNA stability.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:59 (abstract no. Mo.A.1026); Lenz C, Schaal H, Scheid A; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf, Germany. Fax: +49-211-81-12227. E-mail: clenz@rs6000.virol.uni-duesseldorf.de.; Objective: Investigation of the influence of the authentic tat mRNA 1.4.7 leader sequence on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression. Methods: An expression vector with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) open reading frame under transcriptional control of the HIV-1 promoter was co
Role of Vif in HIV-1 replication in non-permissive cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:59 (abstract no. Mo.A.1027); Yu XF, Dettenhofer M, Tang XB; Dept. Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Jonhs Hopkins School of Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: 410-955-0105.; Objective: Replication of HIV-1 Vif mutants is cell type dependent. Vif is essential for HIV-1 replication in primary target cells and H9 CD4+ T cells (non-permissive cells). It is dispensable in many CD4+ T cell lines such as Jurkat (permissive cells). Vif function is required for generating infectious virus in the no
Induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in H9 by anti-HIV-1 compound 3-deaza-neplanocin A.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:60 (abstract no. Mo.A.1028); Chiang PK, Burke DS, Kutty RK, Mayers DL, Pardhasaradhi K; Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA. Fax: 202-782-9040.; 3-Deaza-naplanocin A (DZNep) has been shown to exhibit potent anti-viral activity against clinical strains of HIV-1 in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and other cell lines [Mayers DL et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 215 (95)]. However, the mode of action of thi
Immunization with SIVmne envelope (gp160) vaccines protected macaques against intrarectal challenge by uncloned virus.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. Mo.A.103); Polacino P, Stallard V, Klaniecki J, Brown C, Watanabe R, Morton WR, Benveniste RE, Hu SL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Objective: Envelope (gp160)-based vaccines, when used in a live virus priming and subunit protein boosting regimen, protected macaques from intravenous and intrarectal challenge by a cloned homologous virus SIVmne E11S. In the present study, we investigated the breadth of the protective immunity elicited by the envelop
Modification of the plasma membrane of cells induced by HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:60 (abstract no. Mo.A.1030); Grigoriev VB, Kadochnicov UP, Vorcunova NK, Klimenko SM; The D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, RAMS, Moscow, Russia. Fax: (095) 1902867.; Objective: The aim of present investigation was to study distribution of integral proteins in hidrophobic zone of the plasma membrane of HIV-1 infected cells. Methods: Important structural markers for membrane functions are the intramembrane particles (IPMs) seen on membrane fructure faces. The presence of IPMs correla
p15 RNA binding: a potential target in AIDS treatment.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:60 (abstract no. Mo.A.1032); Ozturk D, Erickson-Viitanen S; DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE, USA.; Introduction/objectives: One of the steps in HIV-1 virus replication is the cleavage of gag gene product Pr55 by HIV-1 protease. The Pr55 processive events by the protease are ordered and time dependent, and yield proteins necessary for infectious viral assembly. One of the Pr55 cleavage products is p15 protein, which
Genomic defects in attenuated HIV-1 from the Sydney bloodbank long-term non-progressors.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:60 (abstract no. Mo.A.1033); Solomon A, Smith K, Ludford-Menting M, Hooker D, Tsykin A, McPhee D, Chatfield C, Ellett A, Greenway A, Crowe S, Learmont J, Deacon N; Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical, Fairfield Vic., Australia. Fax: 03 9280 2561. E-mail: solomon@burnet.mbcmr.unimelb.edu.au.; Objective: Between April 1981 and July 1984 seven people were infected with HIV-1 by transfusion of blood from a single HIV-1 infected donor. All cohort members (the Sydney Blood bank long-term non-progressor cohort) have remained free from AIDS or any HIV-1 related illness for up to 14 years. Since cohort members coul
PCR cloning and sequencing of three hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against the same region of nef protein.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:60 (abstract no. Mo.A.1034); Chang AH, Leslie K, Hoxie J, Cassol S; B.C. Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fax: 604-631-5646. E-mail: achang@hivnet.ubc.ca.; Objective: To determine the sequences of the antibody variable regions of three hybridoma cell lines, all of which produce monoclonal antibodies against the C terminus of Nef protein, and to construct anti-Nef single-chain antibodies (SFV) in order to study the intracellular role of Nef in HIV-1 infection. Methods: The
Molecular biology of the human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K: transactivation by viral proteins.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:60 (abstract no. Mo.A.1035); Lower R, Thelen K, Hasenmaier B, Knobetal M, Kurth R, Lower J; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany. Fax: +496103-771252. E-mail: loewer@em.uni-frankfurt.de.; Objective: To determine whether viral trans-activators (including HIV Tat) can modulate the expression of a human endogenous retrovirus family which gives rise to virus particles in teratocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: In the human genome, the endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K is represented by approximately 50 copie
Analysis of in vivo genetic variability of Vif from HIV-2.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1036); Ribeiro AC, Santos Ferreira MO, Moniz Pereira J, Barahona I; Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. Fax: 3511 7934212.; Objective: To characterize Vif protein encoded by HIV type 2 from several AIDS patients. Identification of HIV-2 specific motifs in order to define putative functional motifs possibly involved in the differences of viral infectivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2. Methods: Fifteen blood samples have been obtained from HIV-2 i
Effect of tat-protein on T-cell expression of adhesion molecules.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1037); Castanos-Velez E, Valancauskaite V, Patarroyo M, Fenyo EM, Biberfeld P; Immunopathology Laboratory, Karolinska Institute/Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Fax: 46-8-345820. E-mail: E.C-Velez@onkpat.ki.se.; Objective: To analyze the effect of constitutively expressed tat-protein on the display of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) by T cells. Methods: The profile of expression of 40 different CAM was determined on Jurkat and on tattransfected Jurkat cells (J-tat) by FACS analysis using an indirect immunofluorescence method on
Down regulation of HIV-1 replication by wild type rev in RD131 cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1038); Natarajan V, Bosche MC, Lane HC; NCI-FCRDC-SAIC, Frederick, MD.; Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of excess rev on HIV-1 replication. Methods: RD131 cells were transfected with the combination of either a wild type HIV-1 (pNL4-3) plasmid or a HIV-1 mutant (pVNL-4) plasmid containing a frame shift mutation in the rev gene and different quantities of a rev exp
Transactivating effect of Vpr on viral LTR and c-fos promoter.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1039); Philippon V, Matsuda Z, Lee TH, Essex M; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Fax: 617-739-8348.; Objective: To determine the ability of Vpr proteins of several primates lentiviruses to activate the expression of the viral LTR and cellular factors involved in cell cycle progression such as c-fos and c-jun. Methods: Fibroblastic, monocytic and T-cell lines were transfected with Vpr expression vectors and HIV LTR, c-
Immune responses in cynomolgus macaques infected with pathogenic or attenuated SIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. Mo.A.104); Rud EW, Sheering A, Bogdanovic D, Ko D, Vogel T, Cook N, Hall G, Cranage MP, Parenteau M, Beausoleil N, Fournier J; Health Canada, LCDC, National Laboratory for HIV Pathogenesis, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Fax: 613-957-7238. E-mail: erud@hpb.hwc.ca.; Objective: To determine the immune responses induced by infection of macaques with either an attenuated or pathogenic variant of SIVmac32H and ultimately to correlate these to the protection induced against subsequent heterologous challenge with virus derived from SIVsmm. Methods: Three groups of 8 cynomolgus macaques
Identification of cellular receptors for HIV-1 viral protein r (Vpr).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1040); Ayyavoo V, Mahalingam S, Phung MT, Williams WV, Weiner DB; University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Fax: 215-573-9436. E-mail: velpandi@mail.med.upenn.edu.; Objective: Identification of the host cellular proteins interacting with HIV-1 vpr using Yeast Two-Hybrid system. Methods: Vpr interacting proteins were identified using the Yeast Two Hybrid system and immunoaffinity colums. Two hybrid proteins were made; one is between the binding domain and the known protein Vpr and
SIV/Mne Nef interacts with Raf-1 kinase and interferes with its signal transduction.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1041); Heidecker Gisela, Mood K, Ruscetti FW; SAIC-NCI/FCRDC, Frederick, MD, USA. Fax: 301 846 7034. E-mail: heidecke@fcrfv1.ncifcrf.gov.; The nef gene of HIV and SIV has come into focus as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of primate immune deficiencies. Several lines of evidence suggest that Nef interferes with signal transduction in infected and possibly even in bystander cells. We have analyzed the interaction of SIV/Mne Nef protein with several
Anti-HIV homologous viral interference as a tool for gene therapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:61 (abstract no. Mo.A.1042); Federico M, Bona R, d'Aloja P, Olivetta E, Mavilio F, Verani P; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Fax: 39-6-4453369.; Objective: We propose an anti-HIV gene therapy approach based on the homologus viral interference induced by a non-producer HIV-1 variant (F12-HIV). Methods: The F12-HIV genome was inserted in the opposite orientation with respect to the N2 retroviral vector, after replacing the nef gene with the human nerve growth fac
The use of HIV vectors for AIDS gene therapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:62 (abstract no. Mo.A.1043); Matsukura M, Suzuki T, Shimada T; Dept. of Child Devel., Kumamoto Univ. School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan. Fax: 96-373-5200.; Objective: To examine the feasibility of the use of HIV vectors in AIDS gene therapy. Methods: The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) suicide gene was inserted between the packaging signal and the neo gene of pHXN, yielding pHXTKN. The HSVTK gene is directed by the HIV-LTR, while the neo gene is by the inte
HIV-regulated luciferase and diphtheria toxin A fragment genes are expressed specifically in HeLa cells after transfection by cationic liposomes.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:62 (abstract no. Mo.A.1044); Konopka K, Harrison G, Slepushkin V, Felgner P, Duzgunes N; University of the Pacific, School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 929-6564.; Objective: To determine whether HIV-regulated luciferase and diphtheria toxin A fragment (DT-A) genes are expressed in HeLa cells following transfection by cationic liposomes and whether expression of the DT-A gene in HeLa-T4 cells can protect against de novo HIV infection. Methods: HeLa/LAV and HeLa cells were transfe
Engineering T cells against HIV with human ScFvs selected from phage-antibody libraries.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:62 (abstract no. Mo.A.1045); Bitton N, Parizot C, Schindler D, Waks T, Debre P, Eshhar Z, Gorochov G; Immunologie Cellulaire, CERVI, CNRS, Paris, France. Fax: (33 1) 42 17 74 90. E-mail: gorochov@ccr.jussieu.fr.; Objective: Engineering of T cells that express A): chimeric receptors with an antibody-type anti-HIV specificity that could eliminate infected cells in a non-MHc dependent fashion, or B): intracytoplasmic antibody fragments directed against the HIV-1 integrase. Methods: Human single chain Fvs (ScFvs) are selected from:
Antitat gene is a candidate for both T-cell and stem-cell gene therapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:62 (abstract no. Mo.A.1046); Lisziewicz J, Johnson P, Rosenzweig M, Sun D, Lori F; Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. Fax: (301) 330-9458. E-mail: Liszi@eworld.cor.; Objective: To determine the antiviral efficacy of the antitat gene in in vivo infected T-cells as well as in lymphocytes and macrophages differentiating from antitat-transduced stem-cells. Methods: Antitat is an autoregulated, dual function antiviral gene (polymeric-TAR and antisense-Tat combination) capable of inhibit
"Passive" intracellular immunization with an exonuclease specific for single stranded DNA.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:62 (abstract no. Mo.A.1047); Savarino A, Turco E, Sinicco A, Pugliese A; University of Turin, Torino, Italy. +39114393865.; Objective: A new molecule for experimental gene therapy was sought. We hypothesized that an exonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA may inhibit HIV-1, since a single stranded DNA terminus (SSDT) extends from proviral DNA during its synthesis. An activity independent from a peculiar viral nucleotidic sequence was r
Human in vitro T-lymphopoiesis as a model for HIV gene therapy.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:63 (abstract no. Mo.A.1049); Zhu H, Freedman A, Kurtzman G, Scadden D; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA.; Testing gene therapy strategies for AIDS requires the evaluation of transduced gene expression in cells differentiating along lines relevant to HIV infection. To further this end, we have developed a method of inducing CD34+, CD2- human adult bone marrow cells to develop functional and immunophenotypic characteristics
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of Achyrocline flaccida Wein DC and Gamochaeta simplicicaulis aqueous extracts.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:63 (abstract no. Mo.A.1050); Salomon H, Pampuro S, Libonatti O, Cavallaro L, Garcia G, Campos R, Coussio J; Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina. Fax: 54 1 962 5404.; Objective: To study anti-HIV-1 activities of South American plant extracts from both Achyrocline flaccida Wein DC (AF) and Gamochaeta simplicicaulis (GS) on infected lymphocytes of primary origin. Methods: The plant extracts (aerial part) were extracted successively with solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, dichlor
Thiocarboxanilide derivatives: highly potent and selective HIV inhibitors with a broad activity spectrum against mutant HIV-1 strains resistant to other non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:63 (abstract no. Mo.A.1051); Balzarini J, Brouwer WG, Dao DC, Osika EM, Karlsson A, De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Fax: 32-16- 33.73.40.; A series of novel thiocarboxanilide derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cell culture. They are highly specifically inhibitory to HIV-1 strains and not active against other retroviruses including HIV-2 or other RNA or DNA viruses (i.e.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of aminoglycoside-like inhibitors of the Rev/RRE interaction.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:63 (abstract no. Mo.A.1052); Brown W, Cedergren R, Charron M, Duschene J, Ellington A, Falardeau G, Gillard JW, Hamel M, Leclerc F, Mansour T, Mounir S, Srinivasan J, Yuen L; BioChem Therapeutic Inc., Laval, QC, Canada. Fax: 514-978-7777.; Objective: To identify inhibitors of HIV which function by disrupting the Rev/RRE(Rev responsive element) interaction, which were designed by using a proprietary molecular modelling docking program. Methods: Illustration of the use of a proprietary molecular modelling docking program of the RBE(Rev binding element) to
Efficacy of F-5 gel against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:63 (abstract no. Mo.A.1053); Wetherall NT, Hodges-Savola C, Werness L, Gosselin LF, Sauriol C, Colin P; Axcan Ltd., Mont-St-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (514) 464-9979.; Objective: To determine the in-vitro cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy of F-5 Gel (used in Protectaid sponge), on HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected PBMCs, which are involved in the heterosexual transmission of HIV. Methods: HIV-1 strain HTLV IIIB and HIV-2 strain CBL-20 were used in this study. PBMCs were obtained from an HIV
Entrapment of foscarnet in liposomes: a strategic approach for the treatment of HIV and CMV infections.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:63 (abstract no. Mo.A.1054); Dusserre N, Omar R, Desormeaux A, Tremblay M, Beauchamp D, Poulin L, Bergeron MG; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (418) 654-2715.; Objective: To evaluate the potential therapeutic applications of liposome-encapsulated foscarnet for the treatment of HIV and CMV infections. Methods: In vitro experiments have been performed to evaluate the accumulation and anti-HIV efficacy of free and liposome-encapsulated foscarnet in different cell lines. The phar
Inhibition of HIV infection by pseudopeptides blocking viral entry into CD4+ cells.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:64 (abstract no. Mo.A.1055); Hovanessian AG, Jacotot E, Guichard G, Krust B, Blanco J, Rey-Cuille MA, Muller S, Briand JP, Callebaut C; Unite VIC, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: 33.1.4061 3012. E-mail: arahovan@pasteur.fr.; Objective: The development of potent inhibitors of HIV entry into CD4+ T Lymphocytes. Methods: The RP dipeptide motif is highly conserved in the V3 loop of the extracellular envelope glycoprotein of different types of HIV isolates. In view of this, we have designed and synthesized a construction referred to as template
Nanoparticles as drug carriers for antiviral agents against HIV.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:64 (abstract no. Mo.A.1056); Bender A, Immelmann A, Kreuter J, Rubsamen-Waigmann H, von Briesen H; Analysis GmbH, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany. Fax: +49.69-63395-211.; Objective: In this study, nanoparticles (NP) as drug carriers loaded with different antiviral agents were tested in vitro for their activity in HIV-infected human monocytes/macrophages (MO/ MAC ). Methods: Polyhexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization of the monomer in acid medium. For p
BM 21.1290: in vitro evaluation of a potential new anti-AIDS compound.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:64 (abstract no. Mo.A.1057); Herrmann DB, Kucera LS, Zilch H, Mertens A, Opitz HG; Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Dept. Molecular Pharmacology/New Indications, Mannheim, Germany.; Objective: Determination of the anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of the new anti-AIDS compound BM 21. 1290 (INN: Fozivudine tidoxil) in different in vitro cell systems. Methods: 50% anti-HIV (IC50) and 50% toxic (TC50) concentrations were determined in several human T cell lines (CEM-SS, H9, H9IIIB) and in human peri
Blocking of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120)-binding to CD4+ lymphocytes by anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:64 (abstract no. Mo.A.1058); Kroepelin M, Suesal C, Daniel V, Opelz G; University of Heidelberg, Institute of Immunology Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, Heidelberg, Germany. Fax: (+49) 6221 56-4200. E-mail: marianne.kroepelin@krzmail.krz.uni-heidelberg.de.; Objective: Our research aim was to characterize HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120)-binding to CD4+ lymphocytes and to block this interaction with monoclonal antibodies as a potential strategy for immunotherapy. Methods: CD4+ lymphocytes of healthy volunteers were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation foll
Thiadiazole derivatives were highly potent inhibitors of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:65 (abstract no. Mo.A.1059); Fujiwara M, Ijichi K, Hanasaki Y, Ide T, Katsuura K, Takayama H, Aimi N, Shigeta S, Konno K, Yokota T, Baba M; Rational Drug Design Laboratories, Fukushima, Japan. Fax: 81-245-67-5554. E-mail: fuji@rdl.co.jp.; Objective: To evaluate whether several thiadiazole (TDA) derivatives selectively inhibit the replication of HIV-1 in vitro. Methods: Anti-HIV-1 activities of TDA derivatives were examined in various cell lines. Inhibitory effects of the compounds on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity were determined by a standar
Allophenylnorstatine-containing peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitors exhibit both in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:65 (abstract no. Mo.A.1060); Kiso Y, Mimoto T, Kato R, Mitoguchi T, Nakata S, Kimura T, Ussery MA; Dept. Med. Chem., Kyoto Pharmac. Univ., Kyoto, Japan. Fax: 81-75-591-9900. E-mail: PXH00435@niftyserve.or.jp.; Objective: To develop orally potent and small-sized HIV protease inhibitors as anti-HIV drugs. Methods: We designed and synthesized a novel class of substrate-based peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid] with a hydroxymethylcarbonyl
Potent activity of the extract of Geum japonicum Thunb. For the prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection in AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:65 (abstract no. Mo.A.1061); Kageyama S, Kurokawa M, Sato H, Yukawa T, Ohyama H, Kurimura T, Namba T, Shiraki K; Toyama Medical & Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan. Fax: 0764-34-5020. E-mail: kageyama@toyama-mpu.ac.jp.; Objective: A traditional herbal medicine extracted from Geum japonicum Thunb. (GJ) with hot water, which had exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus in a mouse model, was also examined for its prophylactic efficacy against cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection in im
Anti-HIV-1 activity of Labiatae plants, especially aromatic plants.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:65 (abstract no. Mo.A.1062); Yamasaki K, Nakano M, Otake T, Kawahata T, Mori H, Morimoto M, Ueba N; Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan. Fax: 81-(0)6-972-2393.; Object: We have screened and identified compounds that inhibit the replication of HIV-1 from natural products and defined the mechanisms of the anti-HIV-1 activity of the hit, we found some Labiatae plants exhibiting anti-HIV activity, we screened several aromatic plants(herbs) belonging to Labiatae, and searched for t
Anti-HIV activity of boromycin.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:65 (abstract no. Mo.A.1063); Kawahata T, Otake T, Mori H, Morimoto M, Ueba N, Kohno J, Nishio M, Kinumaki A, Komatsubara S; Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan. Fax: 81-(0)6-972-2393.; We have reported several natural products that have a potent inhibitory activity on HIV replication. The extracts of fermentation broth of microorganisms isolated from soil were tested for anti-HIV-1 activity by the screening assay using MT-4 cells. The product of Streptomyces sp. A-3376 was found to have anti-HIV-1 ac
Inhibition of cellular activation of latently HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells by traditional medicine.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:65 (abstract no. Mo.A.1064); Haruyo M, Inada Y, Otake T, Ueba N; Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan. Fax: 81-6-972-2393.; The majority of HIV-infected CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages are in the latent state in vivo, particularly the early stage of infection. It is considered that these latent cells can be activated by several stimulants such as cytokines and start to produce HIV particles, resulting in the progression of disease.We have
Complete inhibition of viral breakthrough by combination of MKC-442 with AZT during a long-term culture.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:66 (abstract no. Mo.A.1065); Yuasa S, Yamada K, Nakade K, Okamoto M, Makino M, Baba M; Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Research Center, Pharmaceuticals Lab 2, Yokohama, Japan. Fax: +81-45-963-3890.; Objective: To investigate whether the combination of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and AZT is effective in inhibiting the emergence of HIV-1 mutants in vitro. Methods: 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of AZT and NNRTIs, such as MKC-442 (6-benzyl-1-ethoxymethyl-5-isopropyluracil),
Analysis of HIV-1 variants resistant to the irreversible protease inhibitors, LB71148 and LB71262.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:66 (abstract no. Mo.A.1066); Lee TG, Kwon YD, Choi HI, Chang HJ, Hwang SY, Kim SC, Yoo YJ; LG Chemical Ltd/Research Park, DaeJeon, Korea. Fax: (042) 862-0332.; Objective: To investigate in vitro emergence of HIV-1 variants resistant to the irreversible protease inhibitors (LB71148, LB71262) containing cis-epoxide, and to analyze the effect of the mutations on the enzyme activity as well as on the virus. Methods: MT-2 cells infected with HIV-1 NL-4-3 were cultured in the prese
Significant delay of HIV-1 emergence after pretreatment with an irreversible protease inhibitor, LB71148.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:66 (abstract no. Mo.A.1067); Kwon YD, Lee TG, Kim SC; LG Chemical Ltd/Research Park, DaeJeon, Korea. Fax: (042) 862-0332.; Objective: LB71148 containing cis-epoxide inhibits HIV-1 protease irreversibly. We determined whether the irreversible inhibitor had an advantage over the conventional reversible protease inhibitor. Methods: MT-2 cells infected with HIV-1 NL-4-3 were pretreated with the irreversible inhibitor, LB71148 or with the rever
Comparative study with two treatment schemes of ddC plus AZT in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:66 (abstract no. Mo.A.1068); Torres R, Villarreal C, Robles M, Terrazas J; Ajusco Del Coyoacan CP, Mexico, D.F.; Objective: To compare efficacy and tolerance between two different treatment schemes with a double drug regimen ( AZT plus DDC) in patients with HIV infection. Group A included DDC 0.375 mg tid and three times a week, plus AZT 100 mg tid, three times a week in alternating days. Group B included DDC 0.
Negatively charged human serum albumins as inhibitors of HIV-1 replication: mechanism of action, in vitro activity against distinct HIV-1 isolates and in vivo efficacy in mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:66 (abstract no. Mo.A.1069); Kuipers ME, Swart PJ, Schutten M, Huisman JG, Schuitemaker H, Osterhaus AD, Meijer DK; University Centre for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands. Fax: #31-50-3633311. E-mail: M.E.Kuipers@farm.rug.nl.; Objective: Negatively charged albumins (NCAs), with the prototypes Suc-HSA and Aco-HSA, are polyanionic proteins with a potent antiviral activity on HIV-1 laboratory strains. In the present study the mechanism of their antiviral action was studied. In addition we determined the in vitro antiviral activity of these NCAs
Antiviral effects of milk proteins: acylation results in polyanionic proteins with potent activity against HIV type I and II in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:66 (abstract no. Mo.A.1070); Huisman H, Kuipers ME, Smit C, De Clercq E, Meijer DK, Swart PJ; Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Dept. of Developmental Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: 20-5123474.; Objective: A number of native and modified milk proteins from bovine or human sources were analyzed for their anti-HIV and anti-HIV-2 effect in vitro. Methods: The proteins investigated were lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin A and beta-lactoglobulin B. The capability to inhibit viral infectivity was as
Inhibiton of acute HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells by lithium gamolenate.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:67 (abstract no. Mo.A.1071); Randall S, Winther MD, Horrobin DF, Chan WL; Dept. of Virology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, West Smithfield, London, UK.; Objectives: The fatty acid metabolism of T cells has been shown to be altered in HIV-1 infection. We are investigating the possible development of a new therapeutic approach to HIV-1 infection by targeting fatty acid metabolism in the host cell. Syncytium formation, which plays an important role in the mediation and sp
Assessment of antiretroviral therapy on activation-induced cell death in HIV-positive individuals.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:67 (abstract no. Mo.A.1072); Johnson N, Stone J, Pinching AJ, Parkin JM; Dept. of Immunology, St. Bartholomews Hospital, London, UK. Fax: 0171 6060845. E-mail: n.johnson@mds.qmw.ac.uk.; Objectives: To assess the effect of antiretroviral therapy on in vitro lymphocyte activation-induced cell death (AICD) in HIV-infected patients. Compare this to changes in CD4 cell numbers and assess AICD as a means of monitoring antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Eight patients were sampled before and after initiation o
Assessment of HIV inhibitory activity in saliva and other body fluids.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:67 (abstract no. Mo.A.1073); Kazmi SH, Mullen JE, O'Shea S, Banatvala JE, Challacombe SJ, Sweet SP; Dept. Oral Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK. Fax:(44) 0171 955 4455.; Objectives: To perform a comparative evaluation of the HIV inhibitory activity of a number of body fluids including saliva, breast milk and seminal plasma. This was done in parallel with a gp120 binding plant lectin from Galanthus nivalis which was used as a positive control. Methods: HIV inhibitory activity was evalua
Inhibition of HIV replication by the plant Phylanthus amarus.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:67 (abstract no. Mo.A.1074); Mullen JE, O'Shea S, Rostron T, Houghton PJ, Woldermariam TZ, Walker E, Banatvala JE, Thyagarajan SP; Dept. of Virology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guys and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London, United Kingdom. Fax: 44-171-922-8387.; Objective: Plants of the genus Phyllanthus are widely used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of jaundice and other diseases and are very well tolerated. Phyllanthus amarus (PA) inhibits the DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus and chronic carriers treated with the plant extract clear hepatitis B sur
Discovery of potent, orally bioavailable, non-peptidic, cyclic sulfones as HIV protease inhibitors.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:67 (abstract no. Mo.A.1075); Kim CU, McGee L, Krawczyk S, Harwood E, Harada Y, Swaminathan S, Bischofberger N, Chen MS, Cherrington JM, Xiong SF, Mulato A, Flores C, Cundy KC, Griffin L, Oliyai R, Erickson JW; Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA. Fax: 415-573-4899.; A rational drug design strategy using crystallographic information generated from several HIV Protease-inhibitor complexes has led to the discovery of a novel series of highly potent, non-peptidic and cyclic inhibitors of the HIV protease. The new structure of these compounds possesses a C2 symmetric diol which resembl
2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (F-ddA): a new anti-HIV clinical drug candidate.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:68 (abstract no. Mo.A.1076); Johns DG, Driscoll J; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, NCI, Nat. Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-496-5839 or 301-402-2275.; Objective: To characterize the pharmacological, toxicological and chemical properties of the 2 -beta-fluoro analog of the anti-HIV agent 2 ,3 -dideoxyadenosine. Methods: F-ddA was synthesized in this laboratory and its anti-HIV activity determined in a variety of in vitro assay systems, including ATH8 cells, monocyte/m
L-743,726 (DMP-266): a novel, highly potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:68 (abstract no. Mo.A.1077); Young SD; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA.; The clinical benefit of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTI s) is limited by the rapid selection of inhibitor-resistant viral variants. We believe the clinical utility of this class of anti-HIV agents may be enhanced if a compound expressing both hi
Suppression of both wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 by combination of thymidylate synthase inhibitors with AZT or d4T.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:68 (abstract no. Mo.A.1078); Gao WY, Tanaka M, Ahluwalia GS, Johns DG, Mitsuya H; Lab. Med. Chem., Nat. Cancer Inst., NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-402-0709.; Objective: To develop a non-discriminative strategy for the inhibition of replication of both wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1. Methods: The dependence of proviral DNA replication by all HIV-1 strains on host-cell dNTPs, including dTTP, was selected as the target. The antiviral activities of combinations of low conce
Lymphatic distribution of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) after administration of phospholipid prodrug in mice.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:68 (abstract no. Mo.A.1079); Manouilov KK, Xu ZS, Boudinot FD, Schinazi RF, Chu CK; Med. Chem. College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Fax: (706) 542-5381. E-mail: DChu@rx. UGA.edu.; Objective: Previously, it was shown that administration of phospholipid prodrugs of AZT and AZdU resulted in increased exposure of the nucleosides in the lymphatic system compared to administration of parent compounds (Manouilov et al. 1995, Antiviral. Chem. Chemother. 6, 230). In the search for prodrugs of
Antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of T-20, an amphipathic helical peptide derived from gp41.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:68 (abstract no. Mo.A.1080); Lambert DM, Johnson MR, Black PL, Ussery MA, Venetta T, DiMassimo E, Barney S, et al; Trimeris, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Fax: 919-419-1816.; T-20 (pentafuside, DP-178), a 36-mer synthetic peptide derived from the HIV-1 gp41 transmembrane protein, is a selective and potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection (IC50=80ng/ml) and fusion (IC50=lng/ml) in vitro. T-20 appears to block the transition of gp41 to it fusogenic state during the infection process and during ce
Design, synthesis and SAR of dihydropyrone sulfonamide non-peptidic HIV protease inhibitors.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:68 (abstract no. Mo.A.1081); Skulnick HI, Johnson PD, Aristoff PA, Turner SR, Strohbach JW, Tommasi RA, Thaisrivongs S, Skaletzky LL, Judge TM, Morris JK, Castle TM, Seest EP, Dolak LA, Horng MM, Lynn JC, Tomich PK, Hinshaw RR, Pagano PJ, Chong KT; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA. Fax: 616-385-5232. E-mail: hiskulni@pwinet.upj.com.; Objectives: To design and synthesize a series of dihydropyrone sulfonamides with improved HIV antiviral and protease inhibition based on the previously disclosed pyrone templates U-99499 and U-103017. Methods: The reaction between a heteroaromatic sulfonyl chloride and a chiral amino dihydropyran-2-one gave an enantiom
GEM 91, a gag-antisense phosphorothioate: mechanisms of inhibition of HIV replication and attempts to generate HIV resistance in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:69 (abstract no. Mo.A.1082); Yamaguchi K, Papp B, Zhang D, Agrawal S, Byrn RA; Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: 617-424-6237. E-mail: rbyrn@nedhmail.nedh.harvard.edu.; Objective: To examine the mechanisms of the inhibitory activity of GEM 91 (Gene Expression Modulator 91), a 25-mer antisense phosphorothioate designed to interact with the conserved gag initiation site of HIV-1, against HIV replication in vitro and to generate and characterize GEM-91 resistant strains of HIV-1. Methods
Effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy on HIV-1 viral burden in semen.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:69 (abstract no. Mo.A.1083); Gilliam BL, Dyer J, Cohen MS, Fiscus S, Eron JJ Jr; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Div. of Infect. Dis., Chapel Hill, NC. Fax: 919-966-6714. E-mail: bgilliam@med.unc.edu.; Previous studies have suggested that AZT may reduce the concentration of HIV in semen. In order to more fully evaluate the effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors on the HIV concentration in semen, we recently studied semen donated from 12 men participating in a clinical trial with AZT or DDI +/-
Application of a fluorescent based particle concentration HIV protease assay in the identification of third-generation nonpeptidic dihydropyrone HIV protease inhibitors as clinical candidates.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:69 (abstract no. Mo.A.1084); Tomich PK, Thaisrivongs S, Aristoff P, Romines K, Howe J, Watenpaugh K, Chong KT, Kezdy F, Tomich CS, Tomasselli A, Tarpley G; Chemical & Biological Screening, Upjohn Laboratories, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI. Fax: 616-385-5225.; Objectives: Having previously introduced two generations of orally bioavailable, nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitors (the pyrone U-96988 and the cyclooctylpyrone U-103017) into phase I clinical trials (in 1993 and 1994, respectively), the next goal was to design and optimize orally bioavailable third-generation nonpept
An efficient asymmetric synthesis of dihydropyrone HIV protease inhibitors.: Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:69 (abstract no. Mo.A.1085); Chrusciel RA, Romines KR, Morris JK, Judge TM, Lovasz KD, Tulinsky J, VanderVelde SL, Morris J, Luke GP, Chrusciel RA, Tustin JM, Dolak LA, Seest EP, Watt W, Mizsak SA, Gammill RB; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc.,