Each day, several thousand persons in the world become infected with HIV, with a majority of these new infections occurring in Africa and Asia. For the first time, however, there are glimmers of hope that the HIV/AIDS pandemic can be controlled. Declining infection rates, and increasing rates of safer sexual practices
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:208 (abstract no. Th.17)
Nyirenda K; Minbank Medical Services, Zambia.
Zambia is a poor country. Most people cannot afford basic necessities. The welfare, medical and education services do not provide decent opportunities for the poor. 25% of the sexually active population is HIV+, which combines harshly with extreme poverty. I discovered I was HIV+ at 20, and was chased from home. I fo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:208 (abstract no. Th.18)
Coffin JM; Dept. of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: 617-636-8086.
Elucidation of the underlying rapid turnover of virus and HIV infected cells in vivo was perhaps the most informative and exciting discovery in HIV and AIDS in the last few years. This observation, based on the rapid drop in virus load following antiviral drug therapy promises to change significantly the way we view im
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:208 (abstract no.Th.20)
Pantaleo G; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Recent studies have clearly indicated that host factors play a crucial role on the course of both bacterial and virus infections. In this regard, several genes have been identified in mice that are involved in resistance to intracellular pathogens. Most of the genes identified influence the resistance to pathogens by m
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:210 (abstract no. Th.A.100)
Weissman D, Rubbert A, Barker TD, Daucher JA, Pettrone K, Fauci AS; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-402-4122.
Objective: To identify factors produced by CD8+ T cells that suppress HIV replication using an in vitro system that models the paracortical regions of lymphoid tissue. Methods: The culture system used dendritic cells (DC) to activate CD4+ T cells in the absence of added mitogen. Two different systems were employed; the
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:210 (abstract no. Th.A.101)
Edward B, Bossart KN, Fujimura S, Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: (415) 476-8365.
Objective: To determine if CD8+ cells expressing the CD28 molecule are involved in suppression of HIV replication. Methods: CD8+ cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected subjects and cultured for 3 days in medium containing 10% natural IL-2 with or without PHA or anti-C
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:210 (abstract no. Th.A.102)
Blackbourn DJ, Mackewicz CE, Barker E, Hunt TK, Herndier B, Haase AT, Ramachandran B, Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Objective: To compare the noncytotoxic anti-HIV activity of CD8+ cells from the lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals at different clinical states. Methods: Five HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease were studied. CD8+ cells were isolated from stimulated mononuclear cells (MC)
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:210 (abstract no. Th.A.103)
Fevrier M, Buseyne F, Schwartz O, Stevanovic S, Rammensee H-G, Riviere Y; UVIC, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: 33140613012.
Objective: During HIV infection, a vigorous CTL response has been described, directed against most structural and regulatory viral proteins. Polyclonal CD8+ populations, with or without CTL activity, were able to inhibit HIV replication in vitro, implicating soluble inhibitors. Recent papers suggest that IL 16, RANTES,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:210 (abstract no. Th.A.104)
Smaill FM, Gomez AM, McKay P, Leith J, Kelleher L, Rosenthal K; McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ont., Canada. Fax: 905-521-5099. E-mail: smaill@fhs.csu.mcmaster.ca.
Objective: To monitor the natural history of CD8+ anti-CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity (CTL) in a cohort of HIV-positive persons and correlate this activity with clinical progression of HIV disease. Methods: HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ counts greater than or equal to 100/mm3 were studied. At enrollment and thr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:211 (abstract no. Th.A.105)
Sato A, Mackewicz CE, Gaynor RH, Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Objective: CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals suppress HIV replication in cultured CD4+ cells by a noncytolytic mechanism that involves a secreted CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF). To elucidate the mechanism of the anti-HIV effect of CAF, we examined the inhibitory effect of CAF on transcriptional activity of HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:211 (abstract no. Th.A.140)
Hinkula J, Leandersson AC, Nordlund S, Geretti AM, Bratt G, Popovic M, Sandstrom E, Wahren B; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Virology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Objective: To evaluate the cytolytic T-lymphocyte efficacy in patients to their own T- and B-lymphocytes. Methods: Cells from asymptomatic (greater than 5 years) HIV-1 infected patients with initial greater than 400x109/l CD4+ T-cell counts were studied. Cytolytic T-cell activity was measured with the Cr51 release assa
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:211 (abstract no. Th.A.141)
Ishiko H, West K, Zeng W, Spaulding A, Ennis FA; Univ. of Mass. Med. Ctr., Div. of Infect. Dis., Worcester, MA. Fax: (508) 856-4890. E-mail: hishiko@ummed.edu.
Objective: The purpose of our research is to define the CD8+ CTL responses to unique, autologous sequences on HIV-1 gp41 in comparison to the CD8+ CTL responses cross-reactive to prototype strains. Methods: 5 and 3 truncated gp41 RNA sequences of virus particles in the plasma of a patient were amplified by RT-nested PC
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:211 (abstract no. Th.A.142)
Klucking S, Robertson MN, Looney D, Schmidt A, Morton WR, Wong-Staal F, McClure J, Hu SL, Greenberg PD; Universtiy of Washington Retrovirus Lab, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rational: Previous studies have indicated that 2 of 4 macaques infected with the non-pathogenic virus, HIV-2KR, were partially protected from disease when subsequently challenged with the highly pathogenic HIV-2EHO/287 strain. The protected animals, but not unprotected animals, had virus-specific CTL after HIV-2EHO/287
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:211 (abstract no. Th.A.143)
Cham F, Ariyoshi K, O'Donovan D, Goulder P, Gallimore A, Ota M, McMichael A, Whittle H; M.R.C. Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa. Fax: (220) 495919. E-mail: F_Cham@gam.healthnet.org.
Objectives: To study HIV-2 specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte(CTL) activity in mother infant pairs and to study the role of CTL activity in vertical transmission of HIV-2. Methods: Fresh PBMCs were collected from 4 HIV-2 seropositive and 3 HIV-negative mothers and their 9 month old babies. One seventh of PBMCs were stimul
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:211 (abstract no. Th.A.144)
Jesdale BM, Schafer JR, Santiago MLO, Granek JA, Roberts CGP, Koup RA, De Groot AS; TB/HIV Research Laboratory, International Health Institute, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI. Fax: (401) 863-1243. E-mail: William_Jesdale@brown.edu.
Objective: To predict CTL epitopes for selected world populations, using a computer algorithm to identify regions of HIV proteins that may be presented in the context of multiple MHC class I molecules. Methods: Sequences for the HIV-1 gp160 protein from clades A through E, including a common laboratory strain, BH10, we
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:212 (abstract no. Th.A.145)
Hodara V, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Scarlatti G, Esin S, Holmberg V, Libonatti O, Albert J, Wigzell H; Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: 54 1 9625404.
Objectives: To analyze the specificity of HIV to replicate and kill different CD4 T+ cell populations in vivo. Methods: Blood samples from 13 HIV-infected individuals (4 at Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stage II, 5 at CDC stage III and four at CDC stage IV) were obtained and PBMC were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gra
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:212 (abstract no. Th.A.146)
Luscher MA, Bwayo J, Ball B, Plummer F, MacDonald KS, Barber BH; Dept. Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Fax: (416) 978-1938. E-mail: luscher@immune.med.utoronto.ca.
Objective: To understand the mechanism of naturally-arising HIV resistance, which is observed with a frequency of about 5 percent in the prostitute cohort of the Nairobi Sex Worker s study. To better understand the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule in HIV resistance, since MHC rarity a
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. Th.A.147)
Paranjape RS, Lubaki N, Mehendale S, Quinn T, Siliciano R, Bollinger R; National AIDS Research Institute, Bhosari, Pune, India. Fax: 212-791071. E-mail: root@nar.ernet.in.
Objective: To estimate frequencies of precursors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for different HIV-1 proteins in persons who have seroconverted recently. Methods: Under a collaborative study between National AIDS Research Institute, India and Johns Hopkins University, USA, we have studied precursor frequencies of g
Dithiane-type inhibitors of retroviral zinc fingers inhibit replication of HIV-1 and other retroviruses in cell culture even after the compounds are treated with glutathione. Project: Nucleocapsid proteins (NC) of all lentiviruses and oncoviruses contain highly conserved 14-residue zinc finger motifs having 3 cy
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:212 (abstract no. Th.A.151)
Ueno T, Mitsuya H; Japan Energy Co., Toda-shi, Saitama 335, Japan. Fax: +81-48-443-1605.
Objective: To define enzymatic profiles of recombinat HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) which contains a set of five mutations (A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, and Q151M) identified in HIV-1 variants which show resistance to multiple 2 ,3 -dideoxynucleosides (ddNs). Methods: The single nucleotide incorporation assay using hete
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:213 (abstract no. Th.A.152)
Este JA, Schols D, Desmyter J, De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium. Fax: 32-16-33.73.40.
Polyanions are potent inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 in vitro. Polyanionic compounds are known to inhibit virus binding to CD4 positive cells or to inhibit the fusion step of viral infection. Compounds such as dextran sulfate (DS) and heparin have been the subject of detailed study for t
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:213 (abstract no. Th.A.153)
Poppe SM, Slade D, Chong K, Hinshaw R, Pagano P, Markowitz M, Ho D, Mo H, Gorman R, Tarpley W; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA. Fax: (616) 385-6492.
Objective: To fully characterize the antiviral activities of the dihydropyrone non-peptidic HIV protease inhibitors especially with regard to their potency versus HIV-1 isolates highly resistant to peptidemimetic inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir ,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:213 (abstract no. Th.A.154)
Ala P, Huston E, DeLoskey R, Duke J, Korant B, Chang C-H; The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE, USA. Fax: 302-695-8667.
Objective: To identify the structural features of HIV-1 protease mutants that confer drug resistance, and utilize this information to improve drug efficacy. Methods: The three dimensional structures of native and several mutant HIV-1 proteases complexed with cyclic urea inhibitors, DMP323 and DMP450, have been crystall
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:213 (abstract no. Th.A.155)
Harvie P, Dusserre N, Desormeaux A, Tremblay M, Beauchamp D, Bergeron MG; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de I'Universite Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (418) 654-2715.
Objective: To improve the targeting of antiviral agents to lymphoid tissues with the use of liposomes as a drug delivery system. Methods: The pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution of free and liposome-encapsulated antiviral agents ( ddC , ddI , foscarnet
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:213 (abstract no. Th.A.160)
Sirera R, Bayona A, Carbonell F, Otero MC, Perez-Tamarit A, Canosa C, Gonzalez-Molina A; Inmunologia Exp., C.Investigacion Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Objective: To establish the relationship between the in vitro production of lympho-monokines and the lymphocyte proliferative responses with the number of circulating cells from HIV-1 positive children born to HIV-1(+) mothers. Methods: In a long term follow-up (11 years), 77 HIV-1 positive and 167 HIV-1 negative (SR;
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:213 (abstract no. Th.A.161)
Holodniy M, Mole L, Schulte M, Suni M, Ruitenberg J, Lalezari J, Maino V, Schnittman S; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA. Fax: 415 858-3978. E-mail: hf.myh@forsythe.stanford.edu.
Objective: To monitor lymphocyte activation and cytokine expression in peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells and lymph node (LN) derived cells, before and after zidovudine (ZDV) therapy in HIV seropositive individuals. Methods: HIV seropositive subjects who were drug naive, had blood taken and lymph node biopsies per
Objective: To study secretion in peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures of TNF and TNF-related molecules from HIV-positive patients at different stage of disease, and to correlate them with type 1 and type 2 cytokine profiles. Methods: ELISA assays were used to measure sCD30, p24 and cytokine levels in unstimulate
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Th.A.163)
Boullier S, Lafeuillade A, Roue R, Gougeon ML; Unite D'oncologie Virale. Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Objectives: We have previously demonstrated a strong peripheral increase of the Vdelta1gammadelta T cell population during HIV infection. TCR repertoire analysis indicated that this expansion was polyclonal and in addition the in vivo expanded Vdelta1T cell subset was in a preactivated state (JI. 1995, 154: 1418). Seve
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Th.A.164)
Moller B, Storgaard M, Jinquan T, Mukaida N, Matashima K, Thestrup-pedersen K, Black FT; Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Marselisborg Hospital, Denmark.
Objective: To investigate the effects of TH1- and TH2-like cytokines on the expression of IL-8RA and IL8-RB in B lymphocytes. We compared the effects in normal B lymphocytes and B lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals. Methods: B lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by an immunomagnetic technique, followed b
Objective: Determine the immune profile in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel infected with African subtype C of HIV-1 in comparison with Israelis infected with North American subtype B and with non infected Ethiopian and Israeli controls. Study: Immune activation markers, apoptosis, cytokine profile and parasitic infectio
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Th.A.260)
Greenberg AE; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Fax: 225-24-29-69.
To be effective, HIV/AIDS researchers in developing countries must strive to define relevant research priorities and must successfully confront a series of logistic and ethical challenges. After more than a decade of critical work describing the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the developing world, it is imperati
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:215 (abstract no. Th.A.264)
Zekeng L; Cameroonian AIDS Control Programme, Yaounde, Cameroon.
When little money is available for testing, screening blood for HIV and HBV prior to transfusion is absolutely a priority, in developed countries, implementation of several strategies for the blood banking systems have effectively limited the spread of bloodborne HIV transmission. In resource-limited settings (especial
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. Th.A.266)
Sabatier R; Southern African AIDS Training Programme (SAT), Ottawa, ON, Canada. Fax: (613) 725-9826.
The School without Walls (SWW) was developed by the Southern African AIDS Training (SAT) Programme with funding from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) as a training mechanism. SWW aims to help strengthen the AIDS response capacity of community organisations by providing opportunities for the exchange
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:215 (abstract no. Th.A.270)
Guo HG, Colombini S, Raffeld M, Hayward G, Nicholas J, Gallo RC, Jiang YW, Reitz MS; Institute of Human Virology, MBC, UMBI, Baltimore, MD. Fax: 410-706-8184.
Objective: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a virus whose existence has been inferred by analyses of DNA fragments obtained by subtractive hybridization techniques from DNA of Kapposi s sarcoma (KS) lesions. Although it is present in some normal tissue, it is highly prevalent in KS tissue, and may play an etiologic role i
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:215 (abstract no. Th.A.271)
Buonaguro FM, Beth-Giraldo E, Tornesello ML, Monaco M, Downing R, Biryahwaho B, Sempala SDK, Giraldo G; Ist. Naz. Tumori "Fond. G. Pascale", Div. Virologia, Naples, Italy. Fax: +39-81-545.1276.
Objectives: To detect and determine the role of DNA viruses, particularly Herpesviruses (HHV-8, HHV-6, HCMV) and papillomaviruses (HPVs), in KS pathogenesis Methods: DNA extracted from 61 biopsies of classic (CKS), endemic/African (AKS), epidemic (EKS) and iatrogenic (IKS) [obtained from
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:215 (abstract no. Th.A.272)
Biberfeld P, Ekman M, Kaaya EE, Jagdahl L, Linde A, Biberfeld G; Immunopathology Lab., Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Fax: 46-8-345 820. E-mail: Peter.Biberfeld@onkpat.ki.se.
Objective: To study the prevalence of HHV8 in Swedish and Tanzanian HIV+/- patients with/without Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) (110) or malignant lymphoma (ML) (25). Material and Methods: Biopsies from involved and non involved tissues including PBMC of men, women, children were studied by PCR for HHV8 DNA (Chang, Y. et al., S
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:215 (abstract no. Th.A.273)
Blackbourn DJ, Ambroziak JA, Lennette ET, Nelson J, Northfelt DW, Gullett J, Glogau RG, Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: (415) 476-8365.
Objective: To determine whether the Kaposi s sarcoma (KS)-associated novel gammaherpesvirus-like DNA sequences are associated with an infectious agent. Methods: The novel herpesvirus DNA sequences were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to Chang et al. (Science 266: 1865; 1994). The putative viru
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:215 (abstract no. Th.A.274)
Gao SJ, Kingsley L, Hoover D, Rinaldo C, Saah A, Phair J, Detels R, Spira TJ, Holmberg S, Chang Y, Moore PS; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Objective: To determine the presence of specific antibodies to KSHV in patients with AIDS and their prevalence in the general population. Methods: A Western-blotting assay was developed for the detection of antibodies to two latent nuclear antigens (LNAs) of KSHV. The sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assay
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Th.A.275)
Strand K, Rose T, Tsai CC, Schaefer G, Schultz E, Morton W, Bosch ML; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Fax: (206) 543 3873. E-mail: marnix@u.washington.edu.
Objective: To identify the potential presence of herpesvirus sequences in simian retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF), a fibroproliferative disease that is similar to human Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Methods: We have used a degenerate-primer based PCR approach to search for herpesvirus-like sequences in tissue samples of RF.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Th.A.280)
Johnston MI, Berkley S; The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, USA. Fax: 202-408-1818. E-mail: 103645.1720@compuserve.com.
Progress in understanding HIV pathogenesis has been remarkable and continues at a healthy pace. Several therapies to combat HIV and the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS are available in more developed countries. While behavioral and other preventive interventions have been of some success in preventing new
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Th.A.283)
Killen JY, Fast P, Hoff R, McNamara J, Schultz A; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAID), National Institutes (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA. E-mail: jk31e@nih.gov.
The identification of a safe and effective vaccine is of the highest priority to worldwide efforts to control the HIV epidemic. The ideal HIV vaccine will be free of serious side effects, inexpensive to manufacture, and easy to store and administer anywhere in the world. It will provide protection which is effective ag
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Th.A.285)
Mbidde KE; Uganda Cancer Institute, Makerere Medical School, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: 41-532-282. E-mail: ekmbidde@mukla.gn.apc.org.
What is the role of developing countries in research, development and testing of HIV vaccines? Magnitude of the problem: The HIV epidemic continues to spread seemingly unabated especially in developing countries in the face of interventions of proven efficacy which poor nations cannot afford. Of the 40M people p
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Th.A.380)
Morozov A, Cheng G, Marmon S, Kalpana GV; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. Fax: 718-430-8778. E-mail: kalpana@ae.com.yu.edu.
Objectives: To understand the role of host factors in HIV-1 integration. Previously we identified a novel host factor Inil (Integrase interactor-1) that specifically binds to HIV-1 integrase (IN) and stimulates its joining activity. Inil is a human transcription factor involved in reorganizing the chromatin, is part of
We have previously demonstrated that HIV/SIV virion associated accessory proteins (Vpr, Vpx, Vif) can be utilized to target biologically active fusion proteins to the virus particle. In this paper, we examined whether coexpression of Vpr-integrase fusion proteins can restore the biological activity of int-mutant HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Th.A.382)
Erickson-Viitanen S, Ozturk D, Choi HK, Sheng N, Tritch R, Petit S, Swanstrom R; The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Introduction/Objectives: The nucleocapsid protein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus plays both structural and functional roles in the assembly of mature, infectious virions. During the assembly process, nucleocapsid protein is produced from its precursor p15NC by specific cleavage mediated by the viral protease. Our
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Th.A.383)
Tang XB, Hildreth J, Yu XF; Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: 410-955-0105.
Objective: A critical step during HIV-1 assembly is to incorporate viral Env proteins into mature virions. During budding, certain cellular glycoproteins are also incorporated into HIV-1 virions. Viral Env and cellular glycoproteins play important roles in virus infectivity and pathogenesis. We have been interested in
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Th.A.384)
Luciw PA, Cheng-Mayer C, Khan I, Sawai ET; Dept. Med. Path., University of California, Davis, CA. Fax: 916-752-4548. E-mail: PALuciw@UCDavis.edu.
Objective: Nef, an accessory gene of HIV and SIV, is dispensable for viral replication in T-lymphocytes in tissue culture; however, this viral gene is important for high virus load and AIDS pathogenesis in the susceptible host. In infected lymphoid cells, Nef interacts with a cellular serine kinase which phosphorylates
Objective: To determine which domains are necessary and sufficient for the incorporation of glycoprotein into HIV-1 particles. Methods: Vectors encoding mutated and chimeric HIV-1 Env gene products were coexpressed with a vector encoding all the HIV-1 structural proteins except Env and resulting in the production and r
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Th.A.390)
Capobianchi MR, BarresiC, Gessani S, Borghi P, Fantuzzi L, Ameglio F, Belardelli F, Dianzani F; Institute of Virology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. Fax: 39.6.4469024. E-mail: Virosap@flashnet.it.
Objective: To explore the possibility that HIV could stimulate human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in monocytes by indirect mechanisms. Methods: Freshly isolated normal monocytes were exposed to recombinant HIV-1 structural proteins, then infected with HCMV. The extent of HCMV infection was evaluated by both immedia
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Th.A.391)
Shepp DH, Match ME, Ashraf AB, Lipson SM, Millan C, Pergolizzi R; Div. of Infectious Disease, North Shore Univerity Hospital, Manhasset, NY. Fax: (516) 562-2626.
Objective: To assess the effect of variation in the gB gene of CMV on disease expression in patients with AIDS. Methods: CMV isolates from the blood of 44 patients with AIDS were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 550-556 nucleotide segment of the gB gene. Strains were assigned to 1 of 4 gB
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Th.A.392)
Mazzulli T, Wood S, Chua R, Phillips A, Fong IW, Rachlis A, Krajden M, Mortimer C, Clark J, Walmsley S; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Fax: 416-586-8746.
Objective: To prospectively evaluate the utility of the CMV antigenemia assay and a DNA hybridization assay as early predictors of CMV disease in HIV-infected persons at high risk for developing end-organ CMV disease. Methods: HIV-positive patients with CD4 cell counts less than or equal to 50 x 106/L, with no evidence
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Th.A.393)
Jabs DA, Dunn J, Enger C, Forman M, Bressler N, Charache P; CMV Retinitis and Viral Resistance Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: 410-955-0629.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) isolates resistant to ganciclovir or foscarnet at the time of diagnosis of CMV retinitis, prior to the initiation of therapy. Methods: Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and newly diagnosed CMV retinitis were enrolled in a prospecti
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Th.A.394)
Bowen EF, Wilson PM, Davey C, Johnson MA, Griffiths PD; Virology Department, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. Fax: 0171 830 2854.
Objectives. We have previously shown how quickly asymptomatic peripheral cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis spreads to become sight threatening if untreated (Bowen et al. Lancet 1995, 346: 1671-1673). We know that 86% patients with retinitis are CMV PCR+ at diagnosis and therefore set out to evaluate the use of polymera
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Th.A.395)
Gingeras TR, Berno A, Chee M, Drenkow J; Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA. Fax: 408-481-0422.
Objective: The development of a high density oligonucleotide array assay (Myco GeneChip assay) capable of detecting mutations conferring rifampin resistance and of identifying and differentiating Mycobacterium species present in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods: The nucleotide sequence of a 705 base pair region of rpoB
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. Th.A.920)
Valli PJ, Lukashov W, Heeney JL, Goudsmit J; Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: (31-20)-691-6531.
Objective: To study the interrelations between SIVsm virulence and envelope evolution during adaptation to a new species. Method: An Asian macaque was experimentally infected with 5x10(2) infectious doses of SIVsmB670 and upon cuthanization due to AIDS 2x10(6) PBMCs from this macaque were used to infect a second macaqu
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. Th.A.921)
Miller MD, Warmerdam MW, Benitez B, Greene WC; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 826-1514. E-mail: Michael_Miller@quickmail.ucsf.edu.
Objective: To determine how Nef enhances HIV-1 infectivity and promotes viral pathogenicity. Methods & Results: Our previous studies have demonstrated that Nef expression in virus producing cells is able to function in trans to enhance the infectivity of Nef-defective HIV as measured in subsequent target cells. The
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. Th.A.922)
Sullivan PS, Simon P, Ward JW, Britvan L, Gould K, Dryjanski J, Schable CA, Rayfield M, Otten R, Subbarao S, Schochetman G; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Fax: (404) 639-2980.
Background: Group O variants of HIV, found in patients from West African countries, are genetically divergent from the group M strains commonly found in the United States (US). Group O strains elicit an antibody response that is inconsistently detected by commercially available EIA (CA-EIA) antibody assays used in the
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. Th.A.923)
Boyer JD, Ugen KE, Wang B, Bagarazzi M, Chattergoon M, Javadian A, Ciccareli R, Coney L, Weiner DB, Carrano RA; Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
We have previously reported on the utility of DNA inoculation as a vaccine strategy for HIV-1. Chimpanzees were immunized with two DNA vectors coding for either the HIV-1 env protein, strain MN or the gag/pol proteins, strain IIIB under the control of CMV promoters. Both cellular and humoral immune responses were induc
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. Th.A.924)
Ascher MS, Krowka J, Gesner M, Sheppard H; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. Fax: (510) 540-2127. E-mail: mascher@hwl.cahwnet.gov.
Objective: To determine if plasma levels of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein type I (MIP1alpha), and MIP1beta are correlated with HIV burden, the rate of disease progression, in vivo CD8+ lymphocyte levels or other markers of immune activation. Methods: Plasma or PBL from HIV-infected (HIV+) rapid-progressor (RP
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. Th.A.925)
Cartier C, Deckert M, Grangeasse C, Trauger R, Jensen F, Bernard A, Cozzone A, Desgranges C, Boyer V; INSERM, Lyon, France. Fax: 33/72 68 19 71. E-mail: boyer@lyon151.inserm.fr.
Objective: To determine if a protein kinase activity would be associated with HIV-1 viral particles. Methods: In vitro phosphorylation assays were performed with viral particles purified through chromatography in presence of gamma32P-ATP to demonstrate the presence of a kinase activity. Bidimensional gel electrophoresi
Objective: To define specific cellular kinases participating in HIV-1 cytopathicity and propagation. Methods: Primary isolates and laboratory adapted strains of HIV-1 with varying cytopathic effect, defined by their ability to acutely deplete CD4+ T cells in vitro, were used to infect PHA-activated mononuclear blood ce
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. Th.A.927)
Deng H, Liu R, Ellmeier W, Choe S, Unutmaz D, Burkhart M, Di Marzio P, Marmon S, Sutton RE, Hill CM, Davis CB, Peiper SC, Schall TJ, Littman DR, Landau NR; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Centre, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 725-1126. E-mail: ned@adarc.nyu.edu.
Entry of HIV-1 into target cells requires cell surface CD4 as well as additional host cell cofactors. A cofactor required for infection with virus adapted for growth in transformed T cell lines was recently identified and named fusin. Fusin, however, does not promote entry of macrophage-tropic viruses that are believed
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. Th.A.928)
Shankar P, Serulneck TM, Dezube BJ, Lieberman J; The Center for Blood Research, Boston, MA. Fax: (617) 278-3493. E-mail: lieberman@cbr.med.harvard.edu.
Objective: To determine whether lytic infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the newly described herpesvirus (KSHV) can be blocked by drugs that inhibit herpesvirus DNA polymerase. Methods: RNA and DNA were isolated from the PBMC of 5 HIV-infected patients with Kaposi s sarcoma either before or aft
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Th.B.110)
King R, Choudhri SH, Nasio J, Gough J, Wilkins J, Plummer FA, Ronald AR; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Fax: 204-233-7125.
Objective: To determine if the clinical and histological features of chancroid are altered by HIV infection. Methods: Male patients presenting to the Nairobi special treatment clinic with a clinical diagnosis of chancroid were eligible for the study. A detailed history, physical examination, swabs for H. ducreyi cultur
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Th.B.111)
Malonza I, Tyndall M, Hawken M, Bukusi E, MacDonald K, Maclean I, Perriens J, Ronald AR, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa. Fax: 254-2-712007. E-mail: plummer@bldgHSC.Lan1.Umanitoba.CA.
It is now recognized that HIV transmission can be reduced through the control of other STDs, particularly those which cause genital ulceration. However, there are limited data available on effective treatment for chancroid. In particular, the efficacy of single-dose regimens has not been well
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Th.B.112)
Taelman H, Tyndall MW, Gichangi P, Omollo DO, Omar S, Ombete J, Mohamedali FY, Ndinya-Achola J, Temmerman M; University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: 254 2 442082.
Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of urethral pathogens, syphilis and HIV-1 infection among patients with acute urethritis (AU); 2. To asses the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis in this population; 3. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the leukocytes esterase (LE) test in urine. 4. To assess the effica
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Th.B.113)
Cohen C, Sinei S, Reilly M, Stamm W, Eschenbach D, Holmes K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Karanja J, Kreiss J; Medical Microbiology Annexe, Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: 254-2-712007.
Introduction: This study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of HIV infection upon PID, the microbiologic etiology of PID, and the accuracy of the WHO clinical criteria for PID using diagnostic laparoscopy as the gold standard. Methods: Patients who met the WHO clinical criteria for acute PID at Kenyatta Na
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Th.B.114)
Warren D, Klein RS, Brown W, Sobel J, Schuman P, Anderson J, Cu-Uvin S, Mayer K, Holmberg S, Duerr A; CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: 770/488-5965. E-mail: dyw3@ccddrhl.em.cdc.gov.
Objective: To determine prevalence of and factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) in HIV - infected (HIV +) women and women at risk for HIV infection (HIV-). Methods: Women enrolled in the multi-site HER Study were interviewed and had a physical exam (study visits were not symptom driven). Specimens were obtai
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Th.B.115)
Danguilan CR, Tempalski B, LaGuardia KD; The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Fax: 212-746-8762.
Objective: To define clinical, diagnostic, and demographic risk factors associated with genital ulcer disease (GUD) in a cohort of HIV + women. Methods: Four hundred and twenty-eight HIV + women were followed from 10/89-4/95 (64 mos). GUD cases were defined as women presenting with vulvar and/or vaginal ulcers, defined
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Th.B.116)
Temmerman M, Kidula N, Tyndall M, Ndinya-Achola J, Rukaria-Kaumbutho, Muchiri L; International Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Ghent, Belgium. Fax: 32 9 240 3867.
Objectives: 1) To study the burden of disease of reproductive tract infections (RTI) and cervical lesions in women attending a family planning (FP) clinic in Nairobi, Kenya and, 2) to assess the feasibility of integrating reproductive health care services into existing FP facilities. Methods: In a FP clinic in Nairobi,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Th.B.170)
Haslett PA, Tramontana JM, Burroughs M, Hempstead M, Kaplan G; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Objectives: To evaluate the toxicities of thalidomide treatment in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods: Prospective study of the safety of thalidomide in adults with HIV-1 disease. Results: Thalidomide was administered to 42 patients at various stages of HIV-1 disease for a course of 21 to 28 days. The starting daily dose
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Th.B.172)
Gomatos PJ, Reiter WM, Keller RH, Tomaka F, Giannetti B, Uribe MR; Center for Special Immunology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA. Fax: 954-767-9443.
Objective: To determine the effect in late-stage AIDS patients of monthly transfusion (TR) of human IVIG and cross-matched (X-matched) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods: Patients with late-stage AIDS received monthly TR of 12-15g of human IVIG followed by 1-4 x 109 X-matched PBMC from single haplotype-
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Th.B.173)
Ben Amar M, Morisset R, Poirier G, Ghadirian P; Research Center, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax: 514-843-2715.
Objective: To assess the long-term effects of GSPH-1 on CD8+ lymphocytes and to determine if a correlation exists between CD8+ cell stimulation and the clinical status of patients. Methods: GSPH-1, an oral vegetal preparation, was administered to 10 HIV-infected subjects with CD4 counts ranging from 76 to 422 cells/mm3
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Th.B.174)
Gringeri A, Santagostino E, Cusini M, Muca-Perja M, Gucciardo G, Mannucci PM, Hermans P, Burny A, Chams V, Zagury JF, Bizzini B, Zagury D; A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, Institute of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Maggiore Hospital and University of Milan, Italy. Fax: +39-2-54.57.074.
Subjects: Forty HIV-1-infected patients, at early stage of disease (asymptomatic with CD4 cell counts 300-600) and without concomitant or pregressed antiretroviral therapy and 11 at more advanced stage of disease (asymptomatic but with CD4 cell counts 100-400/mm3) already on antiretroviral therapy, have been followed.u
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Th.B.175)
Blick G, Scott WF, Crook SW, Buchanan SL, Garton T, Hopkins U, Vadeboncoeur AM, Bulcraig IA, Karpas A; Southern New England Community Consortium, Greenwich, CT, USA. Fax: 203 622 1499. E-mail: BLICKMD@AOL.COM.
Objective: To demonstrate the safety and possible efficacy of Passive Immunotherapy administered to individuals with AIDS and of Therapeutic Plasmapheresis of asymptomatic HIV-positive individuals. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with a mean CD4 count of 55 and a mean HIV p24 antigen of 328pg/ml were transfused monthly wi
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Th.B.176)
Marriott JB, Cookson S, Carlin E, Youle M, Hawkins D, Nelson M, Pearson M, Vaughan A, Gazzard B, Dalgleish A; Division of Oncology, CMS, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Fax: +44-181-725-2992. E-mail: jmarriot@sghms.ac.uk.
Objective: To determine the safety, efficacy and effect on a variety of immunological and biochemical parameters of thalidomide when given to human immunodeficiency virus positive asymptomatic positive patients. Methods: Nineteen male patients who had to satisfy criteria for inclusion in groups II, III, IVA or IVE of t
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Th.B.177)
Guerra EC, Pontesilli O, Mezzaroma I, Varani AR, Carlesimo M, Ricci G, Pinter E, Scala E, Antinori A, Ammassari A, De Luca A, Murri R, Visconti E, Vella S, Ortona L, Aiuti F; Catteora Di Allergologia E Immunologia Clinica, Viale Dell Universita, Roma, Italy. Fax: +39+6+4463328.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of rgp 160 (VaxSyn(Registered), MicrogeneSys Inc. Meridien CT, USA) immunotherapy associated or not with AZT on safety and immuno- virological markers, in asymptomatic HIV- infected patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 and less than 600 cells/mmc. Methods: Ninety-nine patients we
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Th.B.180)
Garth V, Wolf E, Zander K, v Steinbuechl N, Gorriahn D, Bauer G, Albrecht H, Poppinger J, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H; KIS, Curatorium for Immunedeficiency, Munchen, Germany. Fax: 0049-89-532 86 51.
Rationale: In an open label pilot phase several patients seemed to profit from treatment with Peptide T. Symptoms like difficulties concentrating, pruritus, nycturia, neuropathy and muscle pain improved in these patients. These clinical impressions had to be validated in a placebo controlled clinical trial. Objectives:
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Th.B.181)
Rodriguez JC, Mora A, Blazquez JC, Escolano CM, Royo G, Martin-Hidalgo A; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Spain. Fax: 96-6606108.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of PCR to detect T. gondii-DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AIDS patients with CT. Methods: Retrospective study. 219 samples of CSF were analysed. Group I: 16 samples of CSF from HIV-infection patients with verified CT by finding at CAT-scan and response at treatment, 5 patients
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Th.B.182)
d'Arminio-Monforte A, Vago L, Nebuloni M, Formenti T, Sala E, Gervasoni C, Costanzi G, Moroni M; Pathology Department, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy. Fax: +39-2-3560805.
Objective: to evaluate the frequency of the clinical and autopsy diagnoses of opportunistic diseases of cns (c-od) in a consecutive series of AIDS patients (pts) with autopsy examination; to establish the rate of concordant and discordant diagnoses for each disease. Methods: 528 AIDS pts diagnosed and died at our Depar
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Th.B.183)
Elliot BC, Aromin I, Flanigan TP, Mileno M; The Immunology Center, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. Fax: (401) 751-2398.
Objective: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy , a disease which causes demyelination of the white matter of the brain, is currently untreatable in patients with AIDS and quickly progresses to death. Methods: A 35 year-old male diagnosed with AIDS-associated PML by MRI presented with marked expressive aphasia an
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Th.B.184)
Levine A, Tulpule A, Espina BM, Von Hoff D, Tessman D; USC Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Fax: (213) 764-0060.
Prognosis for patients with AIDS-related primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is very poor, with median survival of 2-3 months, despite radiation. Mitoguazone dihydrochloride (MGBG) at a dose of 600mg/m2 given intravenously on day 1, 8 and then every 2 weeks has shown activity in patients with relapsed or refr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Th.B.185)
Bouwman FH, Skolasky R, Dal Pan G, Glass J, Selnes OA, McArthur JC; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: (410) 955-0672.
Objective: To characterize the clinical course of HIV-associated dementia (HAD), and to identify predictive markers of rapid progression. Methods: A prospective, consecutive series of 71 patients diagnosed with HAD (1984-1994) through the Johns Hopkins University HIV Neurology Program. Autopsy was performed in 38 of th
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Th.B.186)
Pascual B, Iranzo A, Marti-Fabregas J, Domingo P, Barrio JL, Fuster M, Ris J, Sambeat MA, Cadafalch J, Nolla J; Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona, Spain. Fax: 34-3-2919269.
Aim of the study: To describe the incidence, etiology and clinical findings of new-onset seizures in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: A prospective study of 550 HIV-infected patients from January 1995 to December 1995. In each patient a clinical history and neurologic examination was
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Th.B.190)
Butters E, Webb D, Hearn J, Higginson I; Health Services Research Unit, London School of Hygiene, London, UK. Fax: (+171) 580-8183 E-mail: E.Butters@LSHTM.ac.uk.
Objectives: To compare the process and outcomes of care provided by HIV/AIDS clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and a multi-disciplinary palliative care team. Methods: Prospective clinical audit of consecutive referrals to all services for between 6 to 16 months. The Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS) was the main
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Th.B.191)
Lobb DJ, Kuhl D, Fraser J, Costley-White K, Cummings M; Palliative Care Unit, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fax: 604-631-5229.
There is a great need for integrated palliative care services for persons living with AIDS. Project: There has always been question regarding when does palliative care begin, where is it best provided and who should receive it? An integrative palliative care unit for persons with AIDS and cancer was begun in 198
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Th.B.192)
Fisher A, Vohr F, Wacker M; Stratogen Health, Providence, RI, USA. Fax: 401-781-2687.
When existential domains of AIDS patients, families, friends and lovers clash, the resulting sickness, death and bereavement can be chaotic. Project: One s existential domain refers to those things that define a person s existence and presence in life, his physical, personal, and spiritual relationships at any g
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Th.B.194)
Daneault S, Boudreau J, Delwaide L, Milette L, Pilon L; Direction de la sante publique (OESP), Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax:(514)528-2598.
Patients with advanced AIDS who have chosen to die at home accomplish this more easily under certain conditions. Project: The Faubourg local Community Service Centre (CLSC) in Montreal, Quebec, Canada , provides home care services to people living with AIDS over a territory which includes the gay village. Since
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Th.B.195)
Poppinger J, Wolf M, Virgin G, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H; KIS, Curatorium for Immunedeficiency, Munich, Germany. Fax: +49-89-5503941.
Introduction: Cortisone is a frequently used compound in palliative HIV therapy. There are concerns, however, that cortisone as an immunomodulating agent might increase HIV replication. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Prednisolone treatment on HIV viral load measured by branched DNA technology. Methods: A retrosp
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Th.B.196)
Kaldjian LC, Jekel J, Friedland G; Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Fax: 203-248-4539. E-mail: kaldjian@minerva.cis.yale.edu.
Objective: To describe the frequency and character of spiritual and religious beliefs of people living with HIV and identify areas of belief that are directly relevant to clinical care. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to all HIV+ patients admitted to an urban tertiary medical center between 7/93-9/93 and 5/94
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Th.B.197)
Tellier A, Polomeni P, Roche-Sicot, Saraux JL; L'Escale, Centre Hospitalier Emile Roux, France. Fax: 16. 1. 39.59.71.71.
Objectives: To investigate care giver s perceptions of HIV+ death conditions and of institutional responses appropriateness to patients and their families needs. Methods: We ve studied retrospectively 22 medical records on patients died from 1992 to 1995 in a general hospital of north suburban area of Paris. We ve coll
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Th.B.290)
Currier JS, Spino CS, Grimes J, Cotton DJ; University of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA. Fax: (213) 226 - 2083.
Objective: To examine gender differences in rates of toxicity and CD4 responses in a randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing monotherapy and combination nucleoside analogue therapy. Methods: ACTG 175 randomized patients with 200-500 CD4 cells/mm3 to either ZDV, DDI, ZDV + DDI, or ZDV + DDC. Gender differences
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Th.B.291)
Biron F, Peyramond D, Lucht F, Fresard A, Nugier F, Vallet T, Grange J, Hamedi-Sangsari, Vila J; Saint Erierme, Compagnie de Developpement Aguettant, Lyon, France. Fax: 33-78-61-09-35.
Objective: We previously reported the results of 90 days treatment with the combination of hydroxyurea and didanosine : non-detectable HIV-RNA in half our population, and average CD4 increase of 181 cells (J. of AIDS, 10:36-40, 1995). Our objective was to evaluate the effects of longer treatment, with more patients, on
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Th.B.292)
Rae S, Montaner JS, Raboud JM, Conway B, Zala C, Patenaude P, Shillington A; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Fax: (604) 631-5210. E-mail: sandra@HIVnet.ubc.ca.
Objectives: To identify predictors of plasma viremia response in a study of adjunctive HO-urea in patients receiving ddI monotherapy. Methods: Patients with CD4 counts between 100 and 300 cells/mm3 who had received ddI for at least 6 months were randomized to receive either 1000 or 500 mg/d of HO-urea in addition to co
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Th.B.293)
Pollard R, Peterson D, Hardy D, Pedneault L, Rutkiewicz V, Pottage J, Murphy R, Gathe J, Beall G, Skovronski J, Cross A, Dunkle L; Division of Diagnostic Virology, University of Texas, Galveston, TX. Fax: (409) 772-3461.
Objective: To assess the antiviral effect and the safety of concurrent administration of d4T and ddI in a pilot dose-ranging study. Methods: A total of 94 subjects with previously untreated HIV infection and CD4 cell counts of 200-500/mm3 were randomized to receive 52 weeks of therapy with on
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Th.B.294)
Saag M, Lancaster D, Sonnerborg A, Torres R, Thompson M, Mulder J, Schooley R, Gazzard B, D'Aquila R, Santin M, Gurgui M, Harrigan PR, LaFon S; University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Objective: To determine the safety and antiviral effect of the novel HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor 1592U89 alone and in combination with ZDV in HIV-infected adults in a dose escalating protocol. Methods: HIV-infected adult male and female patients with limited prior antiretroviral exposure [less than 12 week
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Th.B.295)
Meagher N, Hanvelt R, Schneider D, Hogg RS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fax: 604-631-5464. E-mail: Kevin@HIVnet.ubc.ca.
Objective: To illustrate the impact of expanded access on the market share of (newly approved) pharmaceuticals for HIV-positive persons and the resulting influence on the development of clinical guidelines in British Columbia: the case of 3TC . Methods: Data on the utilization and costs of anti-retroviral drug therapie
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Th.B.300)
Feinberg J, Cooper D, Hurwitz S; University of Cincinnati-Holmes Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Fax: (513) 558-6040.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of VACV in the prevention of CMV end-organ disease in HIV/CMV-coinfected patients (pts) with CD4+ less than 100, and to assess the impact of VACV, high (HACV) and low dose (LACV) acyclovir on survival. Methods: 1227 pts were enrolled from 12/92 to 10/94 at 72 sites wo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Th.B.301)
Brosgart C, Craig C, Hillman D, Louis TA, Alston B, Fisher E, El-Sadr W; East Bay AIDS Center, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of oral ganciclovir for prophylaxis of CMV retinal and gastrointestinal mucosal disease. Methods: From April 1993 to June 1994, a total of 994 patients with a CD4+ count less than or equal to 100 cells/mm3 prior to randomization and either a positive CMV serology or CMV c
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Th.B.302)
Spector SA, Pilcher M, Lamy P, Hsia K, Wong R, Stempien MJ; Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Fax: (619)534-7411. E-mail: saspector@ucsd.edu.
Objective: To determine if the detection of CMV DNA in plasma of participants in a recent successful randomized, double blind study (Roche 1654) of oral ganciclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of AIDS-related CMV disease could identify persons most likely to benefit from prophylaxis. Methods: Patients were randomize
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Th.B.303)
Rose DN, Sacks HS, Lan V; Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Fax: 212-860-4607.
Objective: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of oral ganciclovir (GCV) for the prevention of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts less than or equal to 50 cells/microliter. Methods: We used a Markov model and data from the literature and conference proceedings on the effective
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Th.B.304)
Lalezari JP, Kemper C, Stagg R, Holland G, Ives D, Kramer F, Northfelt D, Kuppermann B, Lewis R, Youle M, Weinberg D, McKinley G, Johnson M, Hardy D, Simon G, Nelson R, Drew WL, Jaffe HS; Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA. Fax: 408-885-4306.
Objective: CDV is a nucleotide analog with potent, long-acting activity against herpesviruses. We determined the safety and efficacy of two cidofovir regimens for the treatment of relapsing CMV retinitis (CMV-R) in patients with AIDS. Methods: Patients with progressive CMV-R despite systemic ganciclovir
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Th.B.305)
Lalezari J, Friedberg D, Bisset J, Giordano M, Hardy D, Robinson C; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212)-867 8756.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of 3g, 4.5g and 6g oral ganciclovir (GCV) dose regimens and 5 mg/kg IV GCV for maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis. Methods: 281 patients with AIDS and stable CMV retinitis following at least one course of IV GCV therapy were randomized to 26 weeks of
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Th.B.306)
Drew WL, Jacobson MA, Dunn JP, Feinberg J, Holbrook J, Martin W, Min N, Murphy R; UCSF-Mt. Zion Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: (415) 885-7522.
Objectives: To determine the incidence of drug resistant isolates from blood or urine specimens in patients after diagnosis and treatment (PFA or GCV) for CMV retinitis, and to examine the relationship of viral isolate drug susceptibilities to clinical outcomes. Methods: CMV cultures of blood and urine were obtained fr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Th.B.400)
van Praag E, Katabira E, Anderson S, Ngugi E, Roy D; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Fax: 791 0746. E-mail: vanpraag@ who.ch.
Integration of clinical HIV/AIDS services within health systems of those countries heavily affected by the epidemic has been advocated with arguments of responsibility sharing, cost saving and avoidance of vertical structures. However can integrated responses take care of special needs at times of resource const
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Th.B.401)
Yachompoo J, Chaiyawan K, Kantamala L, Prasert P; AIDS Division, Dept of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Fax: [66]-(2)-5903210.
Community care services is a significant part of the care continuum establishment for HIV/AIDS. Project: The Royal Thai Government of Thailand advocated education and training of health personnel and family members of HIV/AIDS subjects through community, general, and regional hospitals. The program focuses on fa
AIDS affects whole families, creating multiple and complex problems. The frequent need to be admitted for care and treatment splits families and separates children from parents at a time when they most need to be together such as when one or both have a terminal illness and their time together is thereby limited
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Th.B.403)
Rwegera D, Chieze F, van den Noort P, de Gagne D, Javanni J; Organisation Pan-Africaine de Lutte contre le SIDA (OPALS), Paris, France. Fax: (33-1) 43.25.66.16. E-mail: opals@HIVnet.fr.
To see to it that PWAs in Kigali, Rwanda have access to health care in a community context. Project: To organize a program of medical and social care in health care centers in Rwanda. This program has started in a suburb of Kigali and will gradually spread in the whole country. It has been implemented by OPALS w
To evaluate management of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan African community care projects, and to assess their potential to participate more widely in TB control. Project: 14 community care projects in Uganda , Zambia , South Africa and
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Th.B.405)
Ngugi EN, Njenga E, Anderson S, Praag E, Nyabola L, Stoeckel J; University Of Nairobi, Department Of Community Health, Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: 254 2 712007.
Introduction: Increasing numbers of HIV-infected persons in Africa are progressing to AIDS with many needing medical attention to the extent that medical attention to the extent that medical wards have 50% bed occupancy by PWA. Of necessity and in order to facilitate quality care of PWA, home/community care is indicate
Objective: To prospectively evaluate quantitative plasma HIV RNA copy number in a US cohort of infected children from birth, & to correlate RNA copy number with timing of transmission and disease progression. Methods: Blood was collected at birth, 1,2,4,6,9,12,15, 18 mos of age & q 6 mos afterward. Specimens we
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:16 (abstract no. Th.B.911)
Mayers D, Saravolatz L, Winslow D, Jagodzinski L, Collins G, Hodges D, Pettinelli C, Weislow O, Stein D; Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Fax: (301) 762-7460. E-mail: dmayers@pasteur.hjf.org.
Objective: To determine whether baseline HIV-RNA and change in HIV-RNA predicts disease progression and mortality, and if changes in RNA differed among groups (ZDV+ddl, ZDV+ ddC , or ZDV-only) in a subset of patients in the CPCRA NuCombo study with less than three months of prior antiretroviral therapy.
Plasma HIV RNA level determinations have now been validated for their prognostic value, and as one facet of monitoring anti-retroviral therapy. Precise clinical use of this technology, particularly in patients with low viral loads (less than 10,000 HIV RNA copies/ml, log 4.0)is controversial. However, longitudinal stud
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. Th.B.913)
Hogg RS, Montaner JS, Sherlock C, Yip B, Schechter MT, O'Shaughnessy MV; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Objective: Plasma viral load (pVL) driven antiretroviral therapy (ARV) was adopted by the province of British Columbia (BC) in 05/96. We therefore conducted the present analysis to estimate the cost of introducing pVL in BC. Methods: The BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS(CfE) recommends that CD4s and pVL be performe
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. Th.B.914)
Mulder J, McKinney N, Kwok S; Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Alameda, CA. Fax: (510) 814-2997. E-mail: shirley.kwok@roche.com.
Quantitative assays have been extensively used in the monitoring of HIV-1 viremia in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Recently, the use of combination therapies, some in conjunction with the protease inhibitors , have reduced the viral load to below the 400 copies/ml detection limit of the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MON
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. Th.B.915)
Harris M, Todd J, Dailey P, Conway B, Montaner JS, Chernoff D; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA.
Utilization of combination antiviral therapy often results in suppression of HIV-1 RNA plasma viremia to levels below assay quantification limits (less than 500 copies/ml). While such an effect is highly desirable, the impact of these treatment regimes on viral and pro-viral load outside the plasma body compartment rem
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. Th.B.930)
Perelson AS, Essunger P, Markowitz M, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 725-1126.
After the administration of potent antiretroviral agents to inhibit de novo infection, the plasma levels of HIV-1 drop approximately 100-fold in the first two weeks due to the fast clearance of free virions and the rapid loss of productively infected cells. This initial acute decrease is then followed by a slower secon
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. Th.B.931)
Gulick RM, Mellors J, Havlir D, Eron J, Gonzalez C, McMahon D, Richman D, Valentine F, Rooney J, Jonas L, Meibohm A, Emini E, Chodakewitz J; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 263-8264. E-mail: roy.gulick@ccmail.med.nyu.edu.
Objective: To determine the safety and duration of antiviral activity of IDV + ZDV + 3TC . Methods: Randomized, double-blind study comparing IDV 800mg q8h + ZDV 200mg q8h + 3TC 150mg q12h or IDV 800mg q8h or ZDV 200mg q8h + 3TC 150mg q12h in 97 adult patients with HIV infection, greater than or equal to 20,000 copies/m
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. Th.B.932)
Condra JH, Holder DJ, Schleif WA, Chodakewitz JA, Massari FE, Blahy OM, Danovich RM, Gabryelski LJ, Graham DJ, Laird D, Quintero JC, Rhodes A, Robbins HL, Roth E, Shivaprakash M, Yang T, Emini EA; Department of Antiviral Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA. Fax: (215) 652-8548. E-mail: jon_condra@merck.com
Objective: To investigate the effects of combination therapy with the HIV-1 protease inhibitor CRIXIVAN ( indinavir , IDV) and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors ZDV and/or ddI on the emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in a clinical s
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. Th.B.933)
Markowitz MH, Cao Y, Hurley A, O'Donovan R, Heath-Chiozzi M, Leonard J, Smiley L, Keller A, Johnson D, Johnson P, Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 725-1126. E-mail: marty@adarc.nyu.edu.
To learn whether HIV-1 infection can be eradicated from a human host, 12 subjects newly infected with HIV-1 were treated with a three drug regimen containing AZT 200 mg TID, 3TC 150 mg BID and r
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. Th.B.934)
Cameron DW, Sun E, Markowitz M, Farthing C, McMahon D, Poretz D, Cohen C, Follansbee S, Ho DD, Mellors J, Hsu A, Granneman GF, Maki R, Salgo M, Court J, Leonard J; University of Ottawa, ON, Canada. Fax: (613) 737-8682. E-mail: bcameron@aixl.uottawa.ca.
Pharmacokinetic synergy and non-overlapping mutational resistance form a compelling basis for ritonavir- saquinavir combination treatment. Previous pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the co-administration of the two drugs achieves sustained and high plasma levels of both drugs. To assess the tolerability an
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. Th.B.940)
Baker CJ, Englund J, Raskino C, McKinney R, Fowler M; Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX. Fax: (713) 798-6407.
Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of ZDV, DDI or ZDV/DDI therapy in symptomatic HIV-infected children age 3 months to 18 years. Methods: In this double-blind trial, 831 children who previously had no (92%) or less than 6 weeks of antiretroviral therapy were stratified by age (less than 30 mo. vs. greater t
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. Th.B.941)
Kovacs A, Bricker T, Bye M, Demmler G, Easley K, Cooper E, Fox H, Goldfarb J, Hodes D, Kattan M, McIntosh K, Pitt J, Schluchter M, Shah A, Shearer W; CBA-HSC, Los Angeles, CA. Fax: (213) 226-8362. E-mail: akovacs@hsc.usc.edu.
Objectives: To determine the impact of congenital, perinatal and early acquired CMV infection on HIV disease progression including CNS disease and associated immunologic changes. Methods: Of 600 infants enrolled, the HIV and CMV infection status is known for 491. Group IIa infants are HIV infected (n=83) and IIb infant
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. Th.B.942)
Lori F, Foli A, Viale P, Alberici F, Degli AA, Barchi E, Minoli R, Jessen H, Lisziewicz J, Maserati R; Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), Gaithersburg, MD. Fax: +1 (301) 330-9458.
Objective: To generate a long term suppression of HIV in the absence of viral rebound. Methods: Study 1. Sixty seropositive patients (CD4 greater than 250 mm(3)) were enrolled in a phase I/IIIB, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Twenty patients were treated with 200 mg/bid ddI , and 40 were treated with 200
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. Th.B.943)
Dunkle LM, Petty B, Reynolds L, Hall R, Cross A, Smaldone L; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT. Fax: (203) 284-7672.
Objectives: Lobucavir is a cyclobutyl guanine nucleoside analog with broad spectrum in vitro activity against a variety of viruses. Clinical antiviral activity in a variety of infections is being evaluated. Results: (table: see text) Lobucavir has good oral bioavailability and is well tolerated. Preliminary clinical da
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. Th.B.944)
Kahn J, Talmadge JE, Gendelman H, Kelsey L, Beckner S, Winship D, Sarin PS, Heseltine P; UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 476-6953. E-mail: jkahn@sfaids.ucsf.edu.
Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 (SF2) synthetic peptide vaccine (HGP-30) conjugated with KLH and absorbed to alum and to test the hypothesis that PBLs derived from immunized subjects and injected into SCID mice will protect SCID mice from heterologous HIV-1 viral challenge. Methods: Ele
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. Th.B.945)
Rutschmann OT, Kaiser L, Gabriel V, Fathi M, Perrin L, Hirschel B; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Fax: 4122 372 98 20.
Objective: To measure the virological effects of adding Saquinavir in patients pretreated with d4T . Methods: Fourteen patients pretreated with d4T (40 mg bid, median duration of pretreatment: 120 days) received
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. Th.B.946)
Kahn J, Graham E, Deeks S, Gambertoglio J, Brewer T, Wallace T, Kennedy B, Cossum P; UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 476-6953. E-mail: sdeeks@sfaids.ucsf.edu.
Objective: AR-177 is a 17-base oligonucleotide composed of deoxyguanosines and thymidines on a phosphodiester backbone supplemented by phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages at the 5 and 3 ends. AR-177 is not homologous nor is it complementary to any sequence motifs within the HIV-1 genome. AR-177 demonstrates anti-
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. Th.B.947)
Raboud JM, Rae S, Kahn J, Spruance S, Dolin R, Cross A, Beltangady M, Gatell J, Dunkle L, Smaldone L, Montaner JS; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fax: (604) 631-5210. E-mail: jraboud@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Objective: To assess the effect of switching from ZDV to ddI on survival, clinical endpoints and changes in CD4 counts. Methods: Original data from 1707 patients in ACTG 116A, ACTG 116B/117, BMS010 and CTN002 were pooled into a single database. 664 patients received ZDV therapy, 557 received 750 mg/d ddI and 486 receiv
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. Th.B.948)
Stazewski S, Bartlett I, Erin J, Katlama C, Johnson J, Hill AM; c/o European Antiviral Clinical Research, Medical Division, Glaxo-Wellcome Research and Development, Greenford, Middlesex. Fax: 44-181-864-9599.
Objectives: Four Phase II trials in 972 patients have shown that AZT / 3TC reduces HIV RNA and raises CD4 counts relative to control treatments (AZT or AZT/ ddC ).
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Th.C.120)
Goubar A, Costagliola D; Faculte de Medecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France. E-mail: goubar@b3e.jussieu.fr.
Objective: To estimate HIV incidence in childbearing women in the Paris area from serial unlinked anonymous seroprevalence studies. Methods: We estimated age-specific incidence from two unlinked anonymous seroprevalence surveys conducted in childbearing women in Paris area (11593 women were tested from November 1990 to
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Th.C.121)
Kamakura M, Soda K, Shimada N, Morio S, Ichikawa S, Hashimoto S, Fukutomi K; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. Fax: 81-3-3359-3686.
Objective: To describe the current situation of HIV/AIDS epidemiologically and analyze the social background of low incidence of HIV infection in Japan , predicting the future incidence. Method: The number of people who visit medical institutions to take HIV testing is very changeable in Japan, especially in foreign re
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Th.C.122)
Remis RS, Palmer RW, Leclerc P, Eason EL, Lebel F, Fauvel M; STD/AIDS Prevention and Control Program, Regional Public Health Department, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (514) 932-1502. E-mail: pleclerc@acces-cible.qc.ca.
Objective: To modify an ongoing anonymous unlinked HIV prevalence study (AUHPS) to permit measurement of incidence and collection of risk factor data. Methods: In 1989, an AUHPS was initiated among women undergoing abortion in a Montreal hospital. Demographic and obstetrical history data were extracted from the admissi
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Th.C.123)
Quinn T, Paranjape R, Mehendale S, Brookmeyer R, Shepherd M, Gadkari DA, Bollinger RC; Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Objective: Estimating HIV seroincidence and risk factors for seroconversion typically requires the establishment of large cohorts, which are often costly and logistically difficult for developing countries. We applied our previously described method for calculating incidence based on p24 antigenemia in HIV seronegative
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Th.C.124)
Modesitt SK, Wirt R, Fleming D; Oregon Health Div.-HIV Prog, Portland, OR, USA. Fax: (503) 731-4082. E-mail: Steve.K.Modesitt@state.or.us.
Objective: To determine if Oregon s anonymous laboratory-based HIV reporting provides useful data about new HIV infection as an alternative to named/unique identifier systems. In Oregon, all HIV test results are reported by laboratories to the Oregon Health Division (OHD). Physicians (MDs) submitting a patient specimen
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Th.C.125)
Brancato G, Rapiti E, Abeni D, Perucci CA, Pezzotti P, Rezza G; Osservatorio Epidemiologico Regione Lazio, Roma, Italy. Fax: 39-6-8603752. E-mail: OER.C.GREGO@AGORA.STM.IT.
Objectives: To impute the date of infection/seroconversion in the Lazio ( Italy ) HIV prevalent cohort for which such date is unknown. The CD4 count (or percent) and platelet numbers have been used to this aim, since they are good predictors of the maturity of infection. Methods: The Italian seroincident cohort has bee
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Th.C.200)
Van der Ploeg CP, Van Vliet C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Fransen L, Habbema JD; Dept of Public Health, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: +3110 4366831. E-mail: vanderploeg@mgz.fgg.eur.nl.
Information on sexual behaviour is crucial for projecting the future spread of HIV and other, classical, sexually transmitted diseases (cSTDs) and for identifying optimal intervention strategies. General population surveys on sexual behaviour in almost all countries find that females tend to report much less sex
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Th.C.201)
Stover J; The Futures Group, Glastonbury, CT, USA. Fax: 203-657-3918. E-mail: j.stover@tfgi.com.
Objectives: To determine the effect of targeting interventions to different population groups on the costs of implementing a comprehensive prevention program that reduces the spread of HIV. Methods: Computer simulation models (iwgAIDS and Simul-AIDS) were used to simulate typical epidemics in countries in East Africa.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Th.C.202)
Barlow D, Daker-White G, Band B; Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) Dept., St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK. Fax: 171 620 0903.
Objective: To account for the continued concentration of HIV (and STDs) in heterosexuals in certain sub-populations of clinic attenders Methods: A prospective HIV seroprevalence study of STD attenders detailed CoB of index patients, their parents, and sexual partners. Of 15,878 respondents in 1993 and 1994, 14,670 (92.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Th.C.203)
Fleming PL, Ward JW; MA Mays Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: 404-639-2029.
Objective: To describe the effect of birth cohort size on estimated AIDS incidence (AI) during the period 1982 through 1994 among men who have sex with men (MSM) and male injecting drug users (IDU) in the U.S. Methods: We examined AIDS cases reported to CDC through 9/95. Data were adjusted for reporting delays, unrepor
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Th.C.204)
Gataric N, Hogg RS, Raboud J, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fax: (604) 631-5464.
Objective: To project future patterns of hospital bed use for persons with HIV/AIDS in Canada . Methods: A population-based study was conducted using cases in the Canadian hospital (HMRI) database system (Statistics Canada), which had HIV/AIDS diagnostic codes (ICD-9-CM 042-044 and 795.8) on their discharge abstracts.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Th.C.205)
MaWhinney S, Gieseker KE, Chaisson MA, Pagano M; University of Colorado Health Science Center, Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Denver, CO, USA. Fax: 303-270-3183. E-mail: sam@greeneggs.uchsc.edu.
Objective: The 1993 CDC definitional change affected the reporting, and latency distributions necessary to estimate HIV infection incidence. Using New York City (NYC) data we demonstrate a back-to-back backcalculation technique, which solves the problems created by this definitional change. Methods: The following steps
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Th.C.206)
Wortley PM, Fleming PL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: (404) 639-2029.
Objective: To describe AIDS incidence (AI) trends among women infected through heterosexual contact (W-HC) and injection drug use (W-IDU) by birth cohort and to compare these with trends among male injecting drug users (M-IDU). Methods: We analyzed data on 22,876 W-HC, 27,818 W-IDU, and 80,507 M-IDU with AIDS diagnosed
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Th.C.210)
Wallman S; Sociology & Anthropology, University of Hull, London, UK. Fax: (44)181 788 6964.
High prevalence of HIV/AIDS changes local views of other STD and affects treatment-seeking for curable infections. Project: Because exposure to untreated STD increases vulnerability to HIV infection, lay ignorance or denial of STD and/or its relation to AIDS will affect HIV incidence. The title statement was rec
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Th.C.211)
Weir SS, Roddy RE, Zekeng L, Ryan KA, Tamoufe U; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Fax: 919-544-7261. E-mail: sweir@fhi.org.
Objective: To identify which measures of condom use are associated with prevalent HIV infection. Methods: 2,035 female sex workers tested for HIV infection in Cameroon in 1995 were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 sets of condom use questionnaires. Sets A-C asked about use with all men, new clients, repeat clients, and non-
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Th.C.212)
Edet T, Efem I, Esu-Williams E, Makinwa B, Chiejine I, Hooks C; Nigeria Youth AIDS Programme, Nigeria, Africa. Fax: 234-87-220143.
Objectives: To determine materials development needs; review existing materials; determine appropriateness of messages of IEC materials for development and adaptation, and determine effective ways of utilizing such materials. Methods: Questionnaires were administered among 856 students, which were analyzed and the data
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Th.C.213)
Imrie JC, Stephenson J; Mortimer Market Centre, Camden & Islington Community Health Services NHS Trust, London, UK.
Objective: To determine the feasibility of an RCT evaluation of a groupwork-based intervention within an STD clinic for gay men at high risk of STD and HIV infection. Methods: Randomised controlled trial. Gay & bisexual men at high risk (presenting with an acute STD or self reported UPAI within the last 12 months)
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Th.C.214)
Carneiro M, Oliveira WK, Oliveira MR, Andrade JC, Greco DB, Antunes CM; Minas Gerais AIDS Vaccine Center, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Fax: 55-31-441-9773. E-mail: MCARNEIR@ORACULO.LCC.UFMG. BR.
Objective: To evaluate the agreement of a psycho-social questionnaire used for data collection in an open cohort of homo/bisexual male to estimate HIV incidence and evaluate preventive interventions strategies. Methods: The participants are interviewed every 6 months using a pre-coded questionnaire developed for this s
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Th.C.215)
Douglas D, Broadhead RS; Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. Fax:(203)486-6356. E-mail: heckath@uconnvm.uconn.edu.
A population is said to be hidden if there is no public listing of its members, such as a voter registration roll, or a telephone directory. Sampling such populations is difficult, because the standard procedures that ensure samples will be representative are not applicable to these populations. This paper introduces a
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Th.C.220)
van Ameijden EJ, Vlahov D, van den Hoek JA, Flynn C, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Fax: +31-20-5555.533. E-mail: erik@sara.nl.
Objective: To compare morbidity and mortality before AIDS-diagnosis, and relationships with HIV infection, between Amsterdam and Baltimore. Earlier studies suggested that easy access to health care in Adam due to harm reduction compared to cities with a criminalization policy may decrease mortality and mortality (eg ba
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Th.C.221)
Galli M, Musicco M, Lovicu GF, Radice D, Santambrogio S, Rusconi S, Di Marco A, Autelitano M, Moroni M; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Fax: ++3923560805.
Objective: To describe the cause-specific mortality from January, 1990 to March, 1995 in a cohort of intravenous drug users recruited in Milan from 1980 to 1988. Methods: The cohort includes all of the IVDU who contacted the first four centres for drug addiction assistance instituted in Milan from their opening (Novemb
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Th.C.222)
Hagan H, McGough JP, Hansen GR, Yu TJ, Fields MJ, Alexander ER; Seattle-King County Dept of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA. Fax: (206) 205-5243.
Objective: To describe the incidences of HIV, and hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) in a cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) in a low HIV-prevalence setting for the purpose of estimating the potential for transmission of HIV. Methods: The RAVEN Study is a dynamic cohort study of infectious diseases and other he
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Th.C.223)
Hendriks JC, Van Druten JA, Van Ameijden EJ, Van Griensven GJ, Coutinho RA; Medical Statistical Department, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Fax: +31-24-3613505. E-mail: J.Hendriks@mie.kun.nl.
Objectives: To estimate the distribution of progression to stages of CD4 cell counts and death-prior-to-AIDS after HIV infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users (IDU) in Amsterdam. Methods: All intravenous drug users with two or more CD4 measurements, participating in a cohort study in Amsterdam since December 19
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Th.C.224)
Flynn CP, Hoover DR, Graham NM, Nelson KE, Vlahov D; Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: (410) 614-9910. E-mail: flynn@alive.sph.jhu.edu.
Objective: To determine predictors of progression to AIDS or death beyond two years of follow-up. Methods: A cohort of 553 HIV+ IDUs, recruited from 1988-89, with a history of injection drug use in the past 10 years, that remained AIDS free during the first two years, were s
