Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Tu.06)
Parker RG; Institute of Social Medicine, State Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Fax: 55-21-228-9526. E-mail: parker@vmesa.uerj.br.
Summary: Based on recent social and behavioral research, together with more than a decade of practical experience in countries around the world, an important shift has begun to take place in models or paradigms that have been developed to understand and respond to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. A growing awareness of the compl
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Tu.07)
Bryson YJ; Dept. of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Fax: 310-206-5529/4764. E-mail: trossom@pediatrics.medsch.ucla.edu.
Summary: There have been major advances in the understanding and prevention of maternal fetal HIV-1 transmission and in factors associated with rapid or slow progression in infected infants. Without intervention the majority of pediatric HIV infection is acquired from the mother either in-utero, at the time of birth, o
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Tu.08)
Elias C; The Population Council, USA.
Women throughout the world face a growing risk of infection with HIV. Consistent condom use, one cornerstone of primary prevention strategy, is not always feasible for many women. Consequently, women urgently need infection prevention technology that is within their personal control. This session will review current ef
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Tu.09)
Moore JP; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
Society desperately needs a vaccine to slow HIV-1 spread. New drug therapies may help richer nations, but are unaffordable to most of the world. A vaccine and increasedducational interventions provide the only hope for much of Africa, Asia and South America. But how is Western science best able to develop a vaccine? I
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:214 (abstract no. Tu.10)
Mbidde E; Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: 256-41-532-282. E-mail: e.k.mbidde@mukla.gn.apc.or.
By the YR 2000 approximately 40M people would havebeenHIV-infected with 90% of them from developing countries despite the availability and use of what are considered to be effective interventions against HIV/AIDS. These projections raise two important questions: 1) why are current interventions not so effective in thos
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Tu.A.100)
Carr JK, Salminen MO, Leinikki P, Johansson B, Burke DS, McCutchan FE; Henry M. Jackson Foundation Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-762-7460. E-mail: jcarr@hiv.hjf.org.
Objective: To obtain the initial prototypic full length genomic sequences of HIV-1 isolates of clades C, E and G. Methods: DNA from primary virus cultures on donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1 infections acquired in Ethiopia (C2220, clade C), Thailand (CM240, clade E) and
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Tu.A.101)
Williamson C, Engelbrecht S, van Harmelen J, van Rensburg EJ, Bredell W, Wood R; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa. Fax: 21-448-4110. E-mail: cwilliam@medmicro.uct.ac.za.
Objectives: To determine HIV-1 subtypes in different risk groups in Cape Town, South Africa . Methods: DNA was isolated from blood drawn from 84 patients attending local clinics. Samples were divided into 4 groups according to presumed mode of transmission: homosexual/bisexual (n=37), heterosexual/vertical (n=42), bloo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Tu.A.102)
Robbins KE, Jaffe HW, Schable CA, Brown TM, Rapier JM, Hoenes TE, Schochetman G, Kalish ML; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: 404-639-2660. E-mail: Ker2@ciddas 1.em.cdc.gov.
Objective: In 1981, specimens were obtained from homosexual men by the Centers for Disease Control(CDC) task force, formed to investigate increases in opportunistic infections among homosexual men in the U.S. We successfully used seven of these samples to determine the DNA sequences of two regions of the HIV-1 genome.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Tu.A.103)
Morgado MG, Guimaraes ML, Gripp CB, Costa CI, Santos VG, Linhares-Carvalho MI, Bastos FI, Galvao-Castro B, Castilho EA, Bongertz V; Dept. of Immunology -Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brasil.
Objective: Three HIV-1 subtypes, B, F and C have been found in Brazil up now, in addition to a recombinant B/F genome, with a clear predominance of subtype B isolates. Moreover, those studies have also shown that many Brazilian subtype B isolates present a typical amino acid composition (GWGR) at the conserved crown of
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:216 (abstract no. Tu.A.104)
Auewarakul P, McLane MF, Wasi C, Essex M; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: 617-739-8348. E-mail: pauewara@hsph.harvard.edu.
Objective: To obtain HIV-1 subtype E isolates from heterosexually infected individuals in Thailand and to analyze their envelope sequences and biological properties. Methods: HIV-1 were isolated by co-cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from infected pregnant women with donor PBMC. The infected indi
Objective: To provide practical methods in order to monitor the distribution of HIV types and subtypes in different countries and to be able to follow changes in the HIV epidemic. Methods: A V3-based PEIA system was developed and evaluated for efficient serodifferentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 as well as several HIV-1 su
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Tu.A.140)
Furlini G, RE MC, Vignoli M, Ramazzotti E, La Placa M; Microbiologia St. Orsola Gen. Hospital, Bologna, Italy. Fax: +39-51-341632. E-mail: got1688@iperbole.bologna.it.
Objective: To study the effect of concurrent HHV-6 infection on cell surface markers and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of two different hematopoietic progenitor cell lines: TF-1 and KG-1A, and normal bone marrow human hematopoietic (CD34+) progenitor cells. Methods: TF-1 (100% CD34-positive, erythromyeloid progenit
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Tu.A.141)
Nagai Y, Hu H, Moriya C, Xin X, Hasan M, Shioda T; Institute of Medical Science, Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Fax: +81-3-5449-5409. E-mail: ynagai@hgc.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Objective: To learn the significance of heavy glycosylation and sialylation of virion surface for the infectivity and cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 and other human and non-human lentiviruses. Methods: T cell line tropic HIV-1 strains SF2 and NL43 were treated in vitro or in culture with neuraminidase and their replication
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Tu.A.142)
Chenine AL, Sanchez G, LeContel C, Godard C, Chermann JC, Hirsch I; INSERM, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et Maladies Associees, Marseille, France. Fax: (33) 91 41 92 50.
Objective: The human colon epithelial line HT29 was used as a model for study of persistent and abortive infection with HIV-1 in CD4 negative cells. Methods: Infection of HT29 cells with different subtypes of HIV-1 was followed by production of reverse transcriptase activity or p24gag to cell free supernatant or by coc
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:217 (abstract no. Tu.A.143)
Oltrogge J, von Briesen H, Engelhardt B, Pereda-Fernandez C, Woelki U, Schlote W, Lorenz R, Rubsamen-Waigmann H, Unger RE; Chemotherapeutical Research Institute, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany. Fax: 0049 69 633 95 297.
Objective: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not only results in immune system dysfunction (AIDS) but also frequently in a dementing neurological disorder of the brain, or AIDS dementia complex (ADC), which can be clinically distinguished from other CNS complications due to AIDS. Individuals with AD
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Tu.A.144)
Elmostafa B, Moulard M, Elmeskini R, Canarelli S, Montagnier L; Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Objective: To study the interaction between HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV enveloppe glycoproteins and glycolipids. Methods: Two complementary approaches have been used to investigate the interaction between HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV envelope glycoproteins and glycolipids (galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide) or ce
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Tu.A.145)
Polliotti BM, Demeter L, Subbarao S, Keesling S, Lee GR, Caba J, Panigel M, Nahmias AJ, Reichman R, Miller RK; Dept. of Obst/Gynec, Univ of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, NY, USA. Fax: (716) 244-1234. E-mail: BPOLLIOTTI@OBGYN.ROCHESTER.EDU.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the infectivity of HIV-1 strains in the human placenta in vitro. Methods: Three viral strains are utilized: two laboratory strains: Bal and IIIb and VI-5, isolated from an HIV-infected baby at birth (viral culture and PCR positive). Bal and VI-5 are non-syncytium-induc
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Tu.A.146)
Vellani NN, Mo T, Leung B, Cassol S; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Pauls Hospital, Vancouver, BC. E-mail: cassol@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Objective: To study the Kinetics of HIV-1 transcription in the cells of macrophage-monocyte lineage and lymphocytes. Method: CEM (lymphocytic) and U937 (promonocytic) cells infected with LAV-1 were harvested from O to 20 hours post infection (hpi). Tat, rev and nef transcripts were quantified as copy numbers by the met
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Tu.A.150)
Awatcharagarn P, Kunakorn M, Raksakait K, Petchclai B; Dept. of Pathology, Ramathibodi Hosp., Bangkok, Thailand. Fax: 662-246-4281. E-mail: ramkn@mahidol.ac.th.
Objective: Single round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by membrane hybridization, or nested PCR without hybridization are the usual strategies used for detection of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood cells. However, membrane hybridization is laborious and time-consuming while contamination remains the major proble
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Tu.A.151)
Constantine NT, Mohamed AH, Zhang X, Sangare A, Holm-Hansen C; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: 410-328-3726.
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a new HIV 1/2 rapid assay with sera from 9 countries, and using 4 HIV seroconversion panels. Methods: A total of 1,472 sera were included and originated from: Tanzania (171), Cote d lvoire (20), Peru (283), Egypt (200),
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:218 (abstract no. Tu.A.152)
Lewis-Ximenez LL, Schechter M, Schatzmayr H, Yoshida CT, Quinn TC; Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil. Fax: 55 (21) 270-6397.
Objective: To determine the effect of HCV and HIV coinfection on viral load of each viral infection compared to individuals infected with only one infection, and to investigate their possible interactions. Materials and Methods: Sera from three groups of individuals were divided according to their HCV/HIV status: group
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Tu.A.153)
Busch M, Schumacher RT, Stramer S, Garrett PE; Boston Biomedica, Inc., Bridgewater, MA, USA. Fax: 508-580-0250.
Objectives: To evaluate the evolution of significant markers of early HIV infection and assess their potential for reducing the HIV window period. Methods: Between 1987 and 1995, serial bleeds collected from individuals recently infected with HIV (seroconversion, SC) were tested with methods designed to detect HIV anti
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Tu.A.154)
Roberts TC, Storch GA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Fax: (314)367-3765. E-mail: roberts_T@al.kids.wustl.edu.
Objective: Toxoplasma encephalitis and EBV-associated lymphoma are leading causes of space-occupying lesions of the brain in patients with AIDS. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the simultaneous diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and toxoplasmosis, and its perfo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Tu.A.155)
De Wolf F, Von Briesen H, Holmes H, Bakker M, Cornelissen C, Goudsmit J; Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Mecical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Fax: 31-20-6916531.
Objective: To investigate whether differences in replication could be found between HIV-1 subtypes by comparing the efficiency of PBMC culture, as well as HIV-1 genomic RNA levels measured in plasma of individuals newly infected with HIV-1 subtype B, E, A or D. Materials and Methods: HIV-1 RNA levels were measured by N
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Tu.A.160)
Chen YA, Chen SH, Osame M; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Fax: (886-2) 8210514. E-mail: Arthur@dns.ym.edu.tw.
Objective: To understand the antibody reactivities and interaction between anti-p53, anti-Tof, anti-Rex and anti-Tax antibodies in HTLV-I-infected people. Methods: A GST-Tof expression plasmid was constructed and the fusion protein was used for Western blot assay (WB). In addition, WBs with different antigens which inc
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Tu.A.161)
Taylor GP, Tosswill JHC, Matutes E, Daenke S, Bangham CR, Rossor M, Thomas D, Weber JN; St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Fax: 44 171 725 6738. E-mail: GPT30@ic.ac.uk.
Objectives: To determine the natural history of HTLV-I infection in carriers, the spectrum of subclinical abnormalities and to identify prognostic markers. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective, clinical study of 16 HTLV-I asymptomatic carriers and 4 patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy between 1991 and 1995. Lymp
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:219 (abstract no. Tu.A.162)
Yang R, McLeod D; Nat. Lab. for Viral Oncology, Bur. of Microbiology, Lab., Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ont. Fax: (613) 954-0207. E-mail: dmcleod@hpb.hwc.ca.
Objective: To isolate and characterize the HTLV-II related retrovirus from a seropositive chimpanzee indigenous to the tropical western Africa ( Gabon ) Methods: HTLV-I ELISA positive chimpanzee plasma samples were further tested by WB assays using the most advanced HTLV BLOT 2.4 kit (Genelabs Diagnostics,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Tu.A.163)
Baroja ML, Leon-Ponte M, Noya O, Bianco NE, Echeverria de Perez G; Institutes of Immunology, Miami, FL. Fax: 582-672-0371.
Objective: To analyze Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) responses in a group of HTLV-II-infected Venezuelan Amerindians. Methods: Ten (10) HTLV-II-infected and 12 uninfected Guahibo Amerindians (controls) were studied. Fresh PBMC were isolated and cultured in either medium, PHA or IL-2 . Lympho
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Tu.A.164)
Biglione M, Biglione J, Weisburd G, Avila M, Libonatti O, Arbulu M, Gessain A; National Center of Reference for AIDS, Microbiology Department, Fac. Medicine, UBA-Infectious Diseases Service, Hosp. Carrasco, Rosario, Argentina.
Introduction: Very few isolation of HTLV-11 virus were reported in the world that same as the HTLV-1 in drugs users and aborigines. Molecular studies allow to classify 2 types: the A(HTLV-11-MO) and the B(HTLV-11-NRA and G12). Previous studies demonstrated the presence of the HTLV-11 B in tobas and matacos of the Argen
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Tu.A.165)
Vallejo A, Ferrante P, Soriano V, Calabro ML, Mancuso M, Heredia A, Mannella E, Garcia-Saiz A, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Hewlett IK; FDA/CBER, Rockville, MD, USA.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) has been subtyped into two major groups, IIa and IIb, according to molecular studies involving env gene sequencing. Subsequently, this retrovirus was further subclassified by examining the long terminal repeat (LTR), the most divergent genomic region. Sequence analysis
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:220 (abstract no. Tu.A.260)
Tanaka M, Mimoto T, Anderson B, Gulnik S, Bhat TN, Yusa K, Hayashi H, Kiso Y, Erickson JW, Mitsuya H; The Experimental Retrovirology Section, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-402-0709.
Objective: HIV-1 develops in vitro a high degree of resistance to KNI-272, a substrate-based, peptide-mimetic HIV protease inhibitor containing allophenylnorstatine (Apns), by acquiring mutations in the protease-encoding gene. We synthesized various Apns-containing protease inhibitors and identified several compoun
Objective: Having introduced two generations of orally bioavailable, non-peptidic HIV protease inhibitors : U-96988 (in 1993) and U-103017 (in 1994) into phase I clinical trials, the aim was to optimize third-generation non-peptidic inhibitors with good PK property and oral bioavailability, and with significant improve
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Tu.A.262)
Ussery MA, Wood O, Broud D, Bacho M, Kunder S, Papermaster S, Kiso Y, Black P; FDA, Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-594-6289. E-mail: USSERY@CDER.FDA.GOV.
Objective: To evaluate the antiviral activity of KNI-272, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, in vivo. Methods: Female SCID mice (5-7 wk old) received 5X107 adult human PBMC i.p. Two weeks after reconstitution, mice were infected i.p. on day 0 with 103 TCID50 HIV-1 9320 (passed in PBMC, AZT-sensitive isolate A018, D. Richman)
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Tu.A.263)
Black PL, Wood O, Broud D, Bacho M, Kunder S, Papermaster S, Lambert D, Barney S, Ussery M; FDA, Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-594-6289. E-mail: BLACKP@CDER.FDA.GOV.
Objective: To determine the antiviral efficacy of T-20, a novel inhibitor of HIV-1 fusion, in vivo. Methods: Female SCID mice (5-7 wk old) received 5X107 adult human PBMC i.p. Two weeks after reconstitution, mice were infected i.p. on day 0 with 103 TCID50 HIV-1 9320 (passed in PBMC, AZT-sensitive isolate A018, D. Rich
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Tu.A.264)
Robinson WE, Chow SA, Reinecke MG; Dept. of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Fax: (714) 824-2505. E-mail: ewrobins@uci.edu.
Objective: To identify new anti-HIV agents with activity against integrase. Methods: Dicaffeoylquinic acids were purified from plants or analogues were synthesized from simple starting materials. The compounds were tested for inhibition of recombinant HIV-1 integrase purified from Escherichia coli using a simple oligon
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Tu.A.265)
Mamtora G, Winters M, Drenkow J, Shafer R, Shen N, Tran H, Merigan T, Gingeras T; Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA. Fax: 408-481-0422.
Objective: To correlate the nucleotide sequence of 22 HIV-1 genomes from ACTG 143 plasma samples obtained by high density oligonucleotide arrays (HIV-1 GeneChip assay) with conventional dideoxynucleotide sequencing results. Methods: A total of 0.2 ml of plasma from each patient was extracted for total nucleic acid usin
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:221 (abstract no. Tu.A.270)
Gottlieb AA, Sizemore R, Kern C, Gottlieb M; Tulane University School of Medicine, Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, New Orleans, LA, USA. Fax:(504) 588-5144. E-mail: agottli@tmcpop.tmc.tulane.edu.
Objective: The morbidity and mortality of HIV disease results from a complex immune dysfunctional state. Agents capable of regulating human cell-mediated immunity (CMI) represent important initiatives for therapeutic intervention. Here we determine whether a second immunomodulator, IMREG-2, recoverable from dialysable
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Tu.A.271)
St Louis DC, Levine B, Mosca J, Riley J, Carroll R, Lin JT, Vahey M, Jagodzinski L, Wagner K, Mayers D, Burke D, Weislow O, June C, Henry M; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-762-7460. E-mail: dstlouis@pasteur.hjf.org.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with a progressive decline in CD4+ lymphocytes. Because stimulation of CD4+ lymphocytes leads to activation of HIV-1 replication, viral spread and cell death, adoptive CD4+ cell therapeutic strategies have not been possible. We report here that CD28 re
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Tu.A.272)
Husain SR, Obiri N, Gill P, Pastan I, Debinski W, Puri RK; Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-827-0449. E-mail: Husain@Al.CBER.FDA.GOV.
Objectives: To identify novel target on AIDS-Kaposi s sarcoma-derived (AIDS-KS) cells and to determine if these cells are suitable target for a novel recombinant chimeric protein composed of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL 13-PE38QQR). Methods: The expression of IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) on
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Tu.A.273)
Leandersson AC, Bratt G, Fredriksson M, Gilljam G, Hinkula J, Nordlund S, Sandstrom E, Wahren B; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Dept. Of Virology, Stockholm, Sweden. Fax: 46-8-7351080.
Objective: To study the specific T-cell responses in HIV-1 infected individuals immunized with rgp 160 formulated in AlPO4 as an adjuvant. HIV-1-infected individuals have a very low or absent T-cell response to HIV and other antigens. Methods: The phase I/II study includes 40 patients with initial CD4+ T-cell counts ab
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Tu.A.274)
Tsoukas CM, Raboud J, Schlech W, Thomas R, Fong I, Rachlis A, Gill J, Montaner J, Lee S, Freedman J, Poon MC, Lafreniere R, Cassol S, Djurdjev O, Smith G; The Canadian HIV Trials Network, Quebec, Canada. Fax: 514-937-1424.
Objective: To describe the effect of recombinant HIV envelope precursor protein VaxSyn (rgp 160) on the course of HIV disease during a three year controlled study of HIV-infected asymptomatic individuals. Methods: 280 patients with CD4 counts greater than 500 cells/mm3 were enrolled in a double blinded, randomised, con
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Tu.A.275)
Birx DL, Davis C, Ruiz N, Tamont E, Tacket C, Poretz D, Yangco B, Henry D, Pierce PF, Kerkering T, Gordin F, Thompson M, Luskin-Hawk R, Yarrish R, Holloway W, Deyton L, Robb M, Sitz K, Kim J, Loomis-Price L, Kim S, Michael N, Burke DS, Redfield RR; WRAIR, Rockville MD, USA. Fax: 301-762-4177. E-mail: dbirx@hiv.hjf.org.
The Department of Defense (DoD), collaborating with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and private infectious disease physicians, began a phase II, randomized double-blind, placebo controlled, multi-center study of recombinant gp 160, formulated by MicroGeneSys, Inc., in 1990. Objectives: The objectives of the stu
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:222 (abstract no. Tu.A.280)
Autran B, Gomard E, Riviere Y, Agut H, Bouley JM, Katlama C; The Immunologie Cellulaire, CERVI, URA CNRS, Paris, France. Fax: (331) 42 17 74 90.
Objectives: to evaluate the precursor and memory CTLs directed against conserved epitopes from HIV-1, their evolution with disease progression, in relationship to immune, virological and clinical parameters. Methods: 138 HIV-1 infected stage II-III patients with CD4 counts greater than 400 (group A:67 pts), 200-400 (gr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Tu.A.281)
Klein MR, Pontesilli O, Holwerda AM, Kerkhof-Garde SR, de Wolf F, Miedema F; Dept. of Clin. Viro-Immunology, Central Lab. Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Lab. For Exp. and Clin. Immunol. of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Fax: +31 20 512 3310. E-mail: a306clbl@horus.sara.nl.
Objective: Previously we reported on kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) (Klein et al. 1995, J.Exp.Med. 181:1365). Here we extend our findings by longitudinal studies on Gag-, Nef-, RT- and Env-specific responses and viral load in long-term survivors and in rapid progressors to AIDS. Methods: HIV-1 sp
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Tu.A.282)
Haas G, Hosmalin A, Duntze J, Samri A, Magierowska M, Katlama C, Kraas W, Jung G, Agut H, Debre P, Autran B; Laboratoire d'lmmunologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Paris, France. Fax: (33 1) 42 17 74 90. E-mail: ghaas@ccr.jussieu.fr.
Objective: To determine whether CTL recognition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is maintained with disease progression and influenced by naturally occurring and anti-retroviral induced viral mutations Methods: The evolution of HIV-specific CTL responses was followed-up over three years in a cohort of 50 patients (C
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Tu.A.283)
Mann DL, Kaslow R, Goedert JJ, Nelson G; National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD. Fax: 301-846-1909.
Objective: To elicit potential immunologic mechanisms that might account for the associations of different HLA alleles with rapid or slow HIV-1 disease progression. Methods: One hundred thirty nine gay men with known seroconversion dates and followed for greater than 10 years were typed for HLA class I alleles and spec
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:223 (abstract no. Tu.A.284)
Bollinger RC, Siliciano RF, Lubaki N, Dhruva B, Ray S; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Fax: 410-955-7889. E-mail: RCB@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu.
Rationale: Assays of HIV-1 env-specific, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity typically measure responses directed against standard laboratory strains of HIV-1, such as IIIB or MN. Most candidate HIV vaccines are also based on the same strains. Given that a single amino acid change can abrogate CTL recognition and the
Objectives: To determine how HIV-infected individuals select their CTL epitopes according to their HLA phenotype. Methods: Three HIV-positive HLA-All individuals were tested for their lytic activity against four HIV epitopes restricted by HLA-All. Two epitopes are derived from the NEF protein (aa73-82, 84-92) and the t
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Tu.A.370)
Soto-Ramirez LE, Renjifo B, Marlink R, McLane MF, Essex M; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: (617) 739-8348.
HIV-1 subtype B predominates in the AIDS cases of the US and Europe in infections transmitted through homosexual contact or intravenous drug injection. Conversely the heterosexual AIDS epidemics of Africa and Asia are associated with non-B subtypes. HIV-1 infection with E subtype in Thailand and C in
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Tu.A.371)
Saragosti S, Loussert-Ajaka I, Mauclere P, Descamps D, Bouchaud O, Simon F, Brun-Vezinet F; I.C.G.M, Institut Fournier, Paris, France. Fax: 33-1-45.89.74.05. E-mail: sentob@citi2.fr.
Objective: To characterize the genotype and the phenotype of group O viruses isolated from patients living in France and in Cameroon . Methods: Strains isolated by coculture on PBMC were studied. DNA was amplified using group O specific primers for the gag and C2V3 env regions and sequenced (Applied 373A sequencer).
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Tu.A.372)
Takehisa J, Zekeng L, Miura T, Ido E, Yamashita M, Mboudjeka I, Gurtler LG, Hayami M, Kaptue L; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Fax: 81-75-761-9335. E-mail: juntak@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Objective: To clarify the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Cameroon and to assess the incidence of mixed-infection and recombination. Methods: Forty eight HIV (47 HIV-1, one HIV-2) were obtained from Cameroonian AC, ARC and AIDS patients in 1994 and 1995. Part of the pol region suitable for comparing all the groups of
Objectives: To establish the prevalence of the different HIV-1 subtypes in Argentina , and to correlate it with the risk group, time of infection, sex, age and clinical status. Materials and methods: 45 HIV-1 infected patients, with known age, sex, risk group and clinical status, were included. in this study. From bloo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:224 (abstract no. Tu.A.374)
Gadkari DA, Moore D, Sheppard H, Mehendale S, Kulkarni S, Bollinger R; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India. Fax: 212-791071. E-mail: root@nar.ernet.in.
Objective: To identify HIV-1 subtypes in samples collected from HIV-1 seropositive and seroconverter patients attending the STD clinics in Pune, India . Methods: Blood samples collected from 46 HIV-1-infected individuals attending two STD clinics in Pune, India. Of these patients, 26 were seropositive at presentation a
Objective: To determine the genetic heterogeneity of HIV-1 strains in Thailand using a larger sample with greater geographic diversity than in previous molecular epidemiologic studies. Methods: A convenience sample was made of 215 asymptomatic HIV+persons consisting of 64 injecting drug users [IDU] and 151 with sexual
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Tu.A.380)
Guntermann C, Nye KE; Department of Immunology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. Fax: 0171 606 0845. E-mail: c.guntermann@mds.qmw.ac.uk.
Objective: To investigate, in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), the effect of early HIV-1 infection on signal transduction events with respect to CD4 mediated co-stimulation of the CD3/T cell receptor (TcR) complex. Methods: PBLs were co-cultured with cell free isolates of HIV-1 (IIIb and RF) and with plasma from HI
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Tu.A.381)
Lewis DE, Rahmati S, Yang L, Lloyd T, Bennett T, Ng Tang D, Schober W; Immunology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Fax: (713) 798-7949.
Objective: To examine mechanisms responsible for phenotypic and functional abnormalities of CD8+ T-cells associated with HIV progression. Methods: Phenotypic analyses were done using three color flow cytometry. Functional studies were performed by proliferative and cytokine assays. Results: Functional abnormalities of
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Tu.A.382)
Lempicki RA, Pavlick MV, Donoghue DT, Lowry RP, Lane HC; NIH, NIAID, Rockville, MD, USA.
Objectives: The peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals accumulates a subpopulation of CD8+ T-cells that are HLA-DR+ and CD38+. During intermittent IL-2 therapy this subpopulation of cells disappears. The purpose of the present study was to attempt to better characterize the various CD8+ subpopulations that accumu
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:225 (abstract no. Tu.A.383)
Kumar A, Creery WD, Cameron W, Diaz-Mitoma F, Filion LG; Division of Virology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Fax: 613-738-4819. E-mail: akumar@Labsun1.med.uottawa.ca.
Objective: To study the alterations in the signals delivered by the co-stimulatory molecule CD28 in CD4+ T cells and B7 receptors in monocytes/macrophages, and its association with constitutively expressed immunoregulatory cytokines IL-10 in HIV infection. Methods: The expression of CD28 on CD4+ and CD8+T cells and B7-
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Tu.A.384)
Roos MT, Miedema F, Dekker L, Hooibrink B, de Leeuw NA, Lange JM, Coutinho RA, Schellekens P; Clin. Viro-Immunol., Central Lab. Neth. Red Cross Blood Transf. Serv. and Lab. for Exp. & Clin. Immunol. of the Univ. of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: + 31 20 512 3310.
Objective and methods: In 219 HIV+ men of the Amsterdam cohort CD4+ T cell counts, expression of CD28 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and T cell responses to CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with or without CD28 costimulation were analyzed as parameters for disease progression within 4 years. In an additional study in the abov
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Tu.A.385)
Fowke KR, D'Aimicom R, Chernoff DN, Pottage J, Bensen C, Sha B, Kessler HA, Landay AL, Shearer GM; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: (301)402-3643.
Objective: Evaluation of the effects of influenza vaccination of HIV-1-infected patients on HIV associated immunologic and virologic parameters. Methods: Forty-six persons (36 HIV-infected, 10 uninfected controls) were given influenza vaccine while on stable combination therapy . Blood was collected at the time of v
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Tu.A.390)
Mackewicz CE, Barker E, Orque R, Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: (415) 476-8365.
Objective: To determine if the CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF) produced by CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals is a known cytokine. Methods: Levels of the chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA in CD8+ cell culture fluids that either suppressed (CAF-positive) or had no effect
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Tu.A.391)
Rubbert A, Weissman D, Daucher J, Pettrone K, Barker T, Combadiere C, Murphy PM, Fauci AS; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Objective: To analyze the effect of beta-chemokines in suppressing HIV replication in standard T cell blast and dendritic cell-T cell coculture systems. Methods: Dendritic cells (DC) are capable of activating CD4+ T cells in the absence of mitogen. In one system, we employed DC and CD4 cells from HIV-uninfected donors
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:226 (abstract no. Tu.A.392)
Poli G, Biswas P, Delfanti F, Sozzani S, Alfano M, Moretti GL, Lazzarin A, Mantovani A, Vicenzi E; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Fax: 39-2-2643.7989.
Objective: To evaluate the role of chemokines on HIV replication in primary cultures of infected individuals. Methods: Chemokine concentrations were determined during HIV isolation from either total PBMC or CD8-depleted PBMC of long term non progressors (LTNP). CD8-depleted PBMC cultures from other HIV-infected individ
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Tu.A.393)
Scala E, Aiuti F, Rosso R, D'Offizi GP, Ferrara R, Paganelli R; Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome Italy. Fax: +39-644-54621.
Objective: The recent description of RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta (C-C chemokines) as the constituents of the HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ lymphocytes of HIV-infected individuals prompted our study of their production by T cell lines (TCL) and clones derived from normal and HIV+ subjects at different dis
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Tu.A.394)
Garzino-Demo A, Gallo RC, DeVico AL, Cocchi F, Lusso P, Arya SK; Institute of Human Virology, MBC, UMBI, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: (410) 706-8184.
Objectives: The C-C chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta were identified as the major HIV suppressive factors released by CD8+ T lymphocytes. To understand the mechanism of action and specifically to explore the possibility that such suppressive factors may inhibit HIV RNA transcription, the effect of these chem
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Tu.A.395)
Copeland KF, Leith J, Kelleher L, Smaill F, Rosenthal KL; Dept. of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Fax: (905) 521-2613.
Objectives: CD8+ T lymphocytes of HIV-1 infected individuals efficiently suppress HIV-1 replication in CD4+ Tcells and this suppression has been shown to correlate with high CD4+ T cell counts and lack of disease progression. This study examines the transcriptional control of HIV-1 LTR-mediated expression by CD8+ T cel
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Tu.A.490)
Trono D; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. Fax: 619-534-7760. E-mail: didier_trono@qm.salk.edu.
The HIV-1 Nef protein is crucial for high level viral replication in vivo and for AIDS pathogenesis. In vitro, Nef has been shown i) to downregulate the cell surface expression of CD4 and, to a lesser extent, of MHC-1, ii) to stimulate proviral DNA synthesis, thereby enhancing viral replication, and iii) to alter cellu
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Tu.A.491)
Wainberg M, Li X, Kleiman L, Parniak MA; McGill University AIDS Centre-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada. Fax: 514-340-7537.
Objective: To determine the physiological relevance of NCp and the A-rich loop in reverse transcription. Methods: Reactions were performed using recombinant HIV RT in the presence of NCp. Results: In the presence of tRNALys.3, NCp7 was found to stimulate synthesis of minus-strand strong-stop DNA [(-) ss DNA], consisten
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:227 (abstract no. Tu.A.492)
Koromilas A, Nagai K, DeLuca C, Li S, Wong A, Cuddihy A, Tam N, Hiscott J; Lady Davis Institute, McGill Uiversity, Montreal, Canada. Fax: 514-340-7576. E-mail: mijh@musica.mcgill.ca.
Objectives: Replication of HIV-1 is inhibited by interferons (IFNs), and the IFN-induced, double stranded RNA dependent seine/threonine protein kinase (PKR) is thought to mediate this event by modulating protein synthesis. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of PKR in HIV-1 replication and in mod
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Tu.A.495)
Cohen EA, Lodge R, Lalonde JP, Lemay G; Department de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax: 514-343-5995.
Budding of retroviruses from infected cells takes place specifically at the basolateral membrane surface of polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). This sorting event is suspected to require a specific signal harbored by the viral glycoprotein envelope and we previously showed that, as for most bas
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Tu.A.501)
Poli G, Ghezzi S, Alfano M, Vicenzi E; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Fax: 39-2-2643-7989.
Objective: To identify the mechanism of action of RANTES as an anti-HIV chemokine. Methods: T cell blasts from uninfected individuals were infected with eight primary HIV isolates in the presence or absence of RANTES (100ng/ml), and the cultures were monitored for the production of RT activity of p24 Ag production. MT-
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Tu.A.503)
Levy JA, Mackewicz C, Barker E, Stranford S; Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-476-8365. E-mail: j.levy@itsa.ucsf.edu.
The alpha and beta chemokines have been shown to block replication of certain strains of HIV in peripheral blood CD4+ cells and established cell lines. However, the concentration of these products required for efficient suppression of virus is above the range normally found endogenously produced by CD8+ cells. Moreover
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Tu.A.510)
Fultz PN, Wei Q, Yue L, Barre-Sinoussi F, Girard M; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Objective: To determine whether recombination between two HIV-1 strains from different clades occurs in vivo after superinfection of chimpanzees. Methods: Chimpanzees infected for more than 1 year with HIV-1LAI(IIIB) were inoculated IV with a subtype (clade) E strain, CAR/E4002. Proviral DNA was isolated from PBMC and
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Tu.A.511)
Salminen MO, Robertson DL, Sharp PM, Hahn BH, Burke DS, McCutchan FE; H.M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-762-7460. E-mail: msalminen@hiv.hjf.org.
Introduction: Recombination between two genetic subtypes of HIV-1 can occur, and clades A through H are known to have participated in these genetic exchanges. Recombinant forms are thought to result from double infections and homologous RNA recombination between the infecting strains, but it has not yet been establishe
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:228 (abstract no. Tu.A.512)
Lu W, Andrieu JM; Laboratoire d'Immunologie des Tumeurs, Paris, France. Fax: 33 (1) 4439-6465.
Objective: To depict the relationship between the variation in length of the first hypervariable region (V1) of HIV env gene and isolate-specific neutralizating antibody response along the course of the infection. Methods and Results: A viro-immunological study was conducted on four HIV-1 infected individuals and one H
Objective: To study the presence of complete and defective HIV genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from people with progressive and nonprogressive HIV infection. In spite of enormous variability of HIV genome, occurence of extensive deletions or other alterations in HIV DNA in vivo is poorly documented.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Tu.B.110)
Huang L, Hecht FM, Gruden JF, Kearns K, Turner J, Stansell JD, Hopewell PC; San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-695-1551. E-mail: LHUANG@ITSA.UCSF.EDU.
Background/Objectives: PCP remains the most frequent AIDS-defining opportunistic infection in the U.S. Definitive diagnostic tests are expensive and, in the case of bronchoscopy, invasive. Selection of appropriate patients for diagnostic testing relies on clinician experience in evaluating clinical variables. This stud
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Tu.B.111)
Curtis JR, Horner RD, Bennett CL; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 731-8584.
Objectives: Two small studies have reported that no patients survived after 2 weeks in an intensive care unit (ICU) for PCP , suggesting that ICU care should be withdrawn after 2 weeks. The goal of this study is to examine the association between length of stay in an ICU and survival to hospital discharge for patients
Objective: To determine quality of life (QOL) outcomes in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of oral trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TS), dapsone-trimethoprim (DT), and clindamycin-primaquine (CP) for treatment of mild-to-moderate Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) in patients with AIDS. Methods: Subjects
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:229 (abstract no. Tu.B.113)
Flepp M, Ledergerber B, Schenker C, Egger M, Gebhardt M, Luthy R; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. Fax: 255 44 99.
Objective: To examine characteristics of patients diagnosed with PcP as first clinical AIDS indicator disease in Switzerland 1993 and 1994. Methods: Identification of cases in the SHCS database supplemented with a retrospective chart review. Criteria defined as indication for primary prophylaxis (PP): CD4+ cell count l
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Tu.B.114)
Duchin JS, Sohlberg B, Buskin S, Hopkins S, Simon P; Seattle-King County Dept. of Health, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 296-4803. E-mail: jsd@wonder.em.cdc.gov.
Objectives: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) is the leading serious opportunistic infection (OI) among persons with HIV. The importance of delayed diagnosis of HIV and lack of PCP prophylaxis as risk factors for PCP are poorly defined. We studied the timing of HIV diagnosis and use of PCP prophylaxis as risks for
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Tu.B.115)
Atzori C, Agostoni F, Zambelli A, Cargnel A; II Divisione Mal Infettive-Osp L. Sacco, Milano, Italy. Fax: 0039-2-38200909.
Objective: To demonstrate the presence of P. carinii DNA in blood (serum and PBMC) and oropharyngeal samples of AIDS pts during acute episodes of PCP by ITSs nested PCR. Subjects and methods: Sterile saline garglings and serial blood samples from 28 AIDS pts with PCP (BAL positive for P. carinii) have been examined by
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Tu.B.116)
Hughes WT, Killmar J; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. Fax: (901) 527-6616.
Objective: To determine and compare the prophylactic efficacies of intermittent doses of ATQ and TMP-SMZ for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone x 6 weeks to provoke PCP . Groups of 10 or 11 rats received no drug (control) ATQ 100 mg/kg or TMP-SMZ 50/2
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Tu.B.170)
Feldman MD, Zhang J, Tabor H, Cummings SR, Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), San Francisco, CA. Fax: 415-597-9213. E-mail: Mitchell_Feldman@ucsfdgim.ucsf.edu.
Objective: There has been speculation, but little data, about cross-cultural differences in approaches to clinical ethical dilemmas such as truth telling, the role of family s wishes, and assisted suicide, that arise in the care of HIV-infected persons. In particular, there have been no direct comparisons of bioethical
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:230 (abstract no. Tu.B.171)
Hankins C, Lapointe N, Walmsley S; Direction de la sante publique, Montreal, Canada. Fax: 514-932-1502. E-mail: md77@musica.mcgill.ca.
Objectives: To assess prophylactic treatment utilisation and clinical trial participation among women enrolled in a national prospective cohort study. Methods: Information concerning antiretroviral usage, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia ( PCP ), participation in clinical trials, and CD4 count was collect
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Tu.B.172)
Kunches LM, DeCristofaro J, DeMaria A, Landers S, Werner B; JSI Research & Training, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: (617) 482-0617. E-mail: laurie_kunches@jsi.com.
Equitable access to HIV clinical trials has been logistically difficult, and most trials have not had appropriate representation of women, IDU s and minority populations. Project: Through a collaborative process involving consumers, scientists and activists, state funding for clinical research was prioritized to
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Tu.B.173)
Sherer R, Cohen M, Pulvirenti J, Weber K, Barker D, Boyer K, Henry-Reid L, Lubin B, Luskin-Hawk R, Weinstein R; HIV Center, Division of ID, CCH, & Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Fax: 312-633-3002. E-mail: rsherer@Hektoen.Org.
Objective: To describe the 1994 & 1995 recruitment & retention (R&R) experience of women and minorities in clinical trials and epidemiologic studies at Cook County Hospital (CCH), Chicago. Methods: We reviewed 1994&5 patient contact, accrual, and retention data for the following research studies at CCH:
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Tu.B.174)
Doob PR, Johnson KM, St Cyr J, MacFadden DK; York University, North York, ON, Canada. Fax: 416-465-2695. E-mail: prdoob@YorkU.Ca.
Objective: To examine potential hard endpoints for change in HIV-related fatigue and their relation to soft health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures. Methods: 15 HIV+ patients with severe fatigue and CD4 counts less than 200 were enrolled in an exploratory open label study of Peptide T (8.5mg/d s.c.). Tests inclu
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Tu.B.175)
Parks VE; ACT UP Golden Gate, Women Organized to Respond to Life-Threatening Disease (WORLD), Community Constituency Group of the ACTG, AIDS Clinical Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-648-2758.
Issues: Historically, women of childbearing age have been excluded from clinical research. Although HIV has dramatically affected this population, only in the last few years have HIV+ women and activists successfully begun to eliminate gender-based exclusions. Despite these efforts, the percentage of women enrolling in
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Tu.B.176)
Neidig JL, Nickel J, Smith B, Brashers D, Para M, Fass R; AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus, OH, USA. Fax: 614-293-5240. E-mail: Neidig.1@osu.edu.
Objective: To determine patterns of self-reported symptoms by persons infected with HIV at various stages of disease. Methods: Data on self-reported symptoms were prospectively collected from research volunteers during screening for clinical trials at an AIDS Clinical Trials Unit. Subjects selected symptoms from a writ
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:231 (abstract no. Tu.B.180)
Jacobson MA, Cohen PT, Liu RC, Wong R, Rich W; San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Objectives: To determine if severity of neutropenia is associated with increased risk of hospitalization for SBI in patients with HIV. Methods: We examined data from 10/1/92-11/30/93, including: 1) demographics of all patients (N=2047) attending the SFGH AIDS clinic, 2) all absolute CD4 and neutrophil counts performed
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Tu.B.181)
Murri R, Pallavicini F, Scoppettuolo G, Pezzotti P, Spanu T, Linzalone A, Cingolani A, Ammassari A, Antinori A; Unversita Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy. Fax: +39-6-3058512.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of cotrimoxazole versus dapsone-pyrimethamine prophylaxis on the incidence of all bacterial infections and in particular serious infections such as sinusitis, pneumonia and sepsis in a trial of PCP /Toxo prophylaxis performed in HIV-positive patients (pts) with CD4 less than 200/microl
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Tu.B.182)
Kadree MA; Morehouse School of Medicine, SW Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Fax: 404 752 1064.
Objective: To determine whether the use of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX] for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [ PCP ] predisposes patients to the development of TMP-SMX pneumococcal disease. Methods: Reports of Pneumococcal isolates recovered from blood cultures of 535 patients at an inner ci
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Tu.B.183)
Kiehl M, Stoll R, Broder M, Heese C, Mueller C, Baecker E, Foerster EC, Domschke W; Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. Fax: +49 (251) 83-7680. E-mail: kiehl@uni-muenster.de.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) in preventing infections and reducing days with fever, and duration of hospitalisation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults. Design: Prospective, randomised, open outpatient clinical trial. According to the Centres for Disease C
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:232 (abstract no. Tu.B.184)
Lalezari J, Schacker T, Feinberg J, Lee S, Gathe J, Kramer F, Kessler H, Cheung T, Drew WL, McGuire B, Jaffe HS, Safrin S; Mt. Zion Medical Center of UCSF, San Francisco, CA. Fax: 415-476-3622.
Objective: To determine the safety and clinical efficacy of cidofovir topical gel for the treatment of mucocutaneous Herpes simplex lesions clinically unresponsive to acyclovir (ACV) in patients with AIDS. Methods: Patients with AIDS and clinical evidence of mucocutaneous HSV inf
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:233 (abstract no. Tu.B.185)
Hofer M, Opravil M, Joller HI, Grob P; University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. Fax: 41-1255-4499. E-mail: opr@uszsira.unizh.ch.
Objective: To evaluate HIV-infected patients with anti-HBc alone as the only serological marker of HBV hepatitis for presence of viral DNA in frozen serum samples and for the time course of their clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: Between 10/89 and 1/94, 68 of 529 participants of the Zurich part of the Swiss
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:233 (abstract no. Tu.B.186)
Hajjeh R, Stephens D, Baughman W, Reingold A, Rothrock G, Hutwagner L, Schuchat A, Pinner R; CDC, DBMD, Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: 404-639-4080. E-mail: rfh5@ciddbdl.em.cdc.gov.
Objective: To determine independent risk factors for cryptococcosis (CC) among HIV+ persons. Methods: Cases were identified through population-based active surveillance in Atlanta and San Francisco (SF) during 1992-94. A case was defined by isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from a normally sterile site in an HIV+ pe
Objective: To identify those biological markers predicting progression to AIDS in asymptomatic HIV-infected drug addicts. Methods: Longitudinal study of 171 asymptomatic drug addicts whose HIV infection was diagnosed in 1986-87. Patients were clinically followed annually until January 1996. The following determinations
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:233 (abstract no. Tu.B.191)
Martin MA, Cox PH, Beck CK; UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Fax: (310) 206-3311. E-mail: mmartin@medl.medsch.ucla.edu.
Objective: To determine the relationship between mode of health care system entry (clinic vs. hospital) and time to death for patients (PTs) with AIDS and to determine the time from AIDS defining diagnosis (ADD) and selected AIDS defining illnesses (ADI) to death in an indigent population of AIDS Pts. Methods: A retros
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:233 (abstract no. Tu.B.192)
Sisto A, Cahn P, Santarelli M, Lattner J, Ochoa C, Luccarini M, Ben G; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: (541) 983-7774.
Objective: To study natural history of HIV disease in a cohort of seroconverters. Methods: We study a cohort of 256 patients (pts) with known or estimated date of seroconversion (EDS) with a mean follow-up of 14.5 months (mo).EDS was calculated as the midpoint between last HIV (-) and first HIV (+).Patients with more t
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:233 (abstract no. Tu.B.193)
Marshall C, Conway B, Allen UD, Forbes J, Lapointe N, Read S, King SM, Craib K, Cassol S, Moore D, Gilmour J, Bortolussi R, Tobin J; Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada. Fax: (604) 631-5527. E-mail: cmarshal@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Objective: To evaluate and correlate virologic parameters in HIV-infected Canadian children. Methods: A nation-wide study was conducted to explore correlations between plasma viral load, cell-associated viral load, viral phenotype, and ZDV resistance and surrogate and clinical markers of pediatric HIV disease progressi
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:234 (abstract no. Tu.B.194)
Pezzotti P, Phillips AN, Dorrucci M, Cozzi LA, Galai N, Vlahov D, Rezza G; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. Fax: (39) (6) 445 6741. E-mail: PATRIZIO@ISS.IT.
Objective: To assess whether there are differences in the rate of development of AIDS according to exposure category, and whether the more rapid progression to AIDS for older people holds for each exposure group. Methods: Multicenter (16 major HIV treatment centers across Italy ) longitudinal study of 1199 HIV-seroconv
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:234 (abstract no. Tu.B.195)
Ioanis T, Autran B, Costagliola D, Raffoux C, Charron D, Debre P; Laboratoire Central d' Immunologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Paris, France. Fax: (33 1) 42 17 74 90. E-mail: theodorou@.citi2.fr.
Objective: To determine groups of Antigen Presenting Molecules that favor outcome of HIV infection. Materials and Methods: The LTA cohort contains 32 French patients with a seropositivity duration of more than 8 years, a CD4+ count of more than 600 per mm3 and positive or null slope for the CD4+ for the last three year
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:234 (abstract no. Tu.B.290)
Fauci AS; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Fax: 301-496-4409.
Following primary HIV infection, a state of chronic, persistent infection fueled by cellular activation usually ensues and the expression of virus over time is determined by a number of viral factors as well as by upregulatory and downregulatory host factors. Paramount among these host factors are endogenous cytokines
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:234 (abstract no. Tu.B.291)
Levy JA; Dept. of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-476-8365. E-mail: jalevy@itsa.ucsf.edu.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has shown noteworthy heterogeneity in its ability to infect normal CD4+ cells as well as a variety of human and primate cell lines. HIV diversity is noted in the induction of cytopathic changes in cells, and virus sensitivity to various immune responses including antiviral antibod
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:234 (abstract no. Tu.B.292)
Volberding PA; SFGH, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-476-9233. E-mail: pvolberding@sfaids.ucsf.edu.
AIDS is changing and so must we and our health care system. Increasingly we confront a new world of AIDS characterized by new knowledge, new treatments, new patient populations and at least in the United States , by a new system of health care. As with all changes, those in AIDS bring both risks and opportunities. The
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:235 (abstract no. Tu.B.301)
Cahn P; Hospital Juan A. Fernandez & HUESPED Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: 541-983-7774.
Latin America is a wide region with big differences in levels of development, socioeconomic situation and health care services. Some opportunistic infections like PCP show similar incidence as in the developed world, while others like histoplasmosis , tuberculosis , and toxoplasmo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:235 (abstract no. Tu.B.304)
Sirisanthana T; Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Fax: 66-53-217144. E-mail: sirisan@cmu.chiangmai.ac.th.
The relative incidence of various types of opportunistic infection (OI) varies among different geographic locations. In Thailand , the four most common OIs are tuberculosis , cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and penicilliosis (infection caused by an emerging pathogenic fungus, Penicillium marneffei).
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:235 (abstract no. Tu.B.310)
Morgan D, Malamba S, Okongo M, Mayanja B, Maude G, Whitworth J; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda. Fax: +256 42 21137. E-mail: mrc@mukla.gn.apc.org.
Objectives: To determine disease progression rates, describe AIDS-defining illnesses and estimate survival times to AIDS and death in HIV-infected individuals according to their initial WHO clinical stage. Methods: 179 HIV-infected persons were recruited from a rural population of approximately 5,000 adults in SW
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:235 (abstract no. Tu.B.311)
Limpakarnjanarat K, Tansuphasawadikul S, Mastro TD, Ittiravivongs A, Kitayaporn D, Tanchanpong C, Kaewkungwal J, Naiwatanakul T, Young N, Mock P, Nieburg P; HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Fax: 66-2-591-5443. E-mail: kx18@bangkok.em.cdc.gov.
Objectives: To describe and compare clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS patients infected with two distinct HIV-1 subtypes, B and E, at BIH, a public tertiary care center near Bangkok. Methods: All adult (greater than or equal to14 yrs) patients admitted to medical wards at BIH from Dec. 93 to June 95 were offered volunt
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:235 (abstract no. Tu.B.312)
Cheingsong-Popov R, Bobkov A, Lister S, Garaev M, Santos BR, Ariyoshi K, Whittle H, Kaleebu P, Weber J; St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK. Fax: 44 171 725 6787.
Objective: To produce and validate an algorithm for the efficient subtyping of HIV-1 in diverse populations, and to apply the algorithm to study strain variation in incidence, transmission and natural history of HIV-1 subtypes. Methods and Design: Serum from HIV-1 infected subjects from diverse locations were first scr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:235 (abstract no. Tu.B.313)
Marlink R, Traore I, Thior I, Siby T, Ndoye I, Mboup S, Essex M, Kanki P; Labo. Bacteriologie et Virologie, Dakar, Senegal. Fax: (221) 21.64.42.
Objective: To predict the proportion of HIV-2-infected individuals who may be long term non-progressors as compared to HIV-1. Methods: We have clinically followed 143 HIV-2-positive and 105 HIV-1-positive women from 1985 through 1995 in a cohort of registered sex workers in Dakar, Senegal . Examinations, HIV and STD
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:236 (abstract no. Tu.B.314)
Lyons RW, Rubinstien E, Madden GM; St. Francis Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA. Fax: (860) 493-7809.
Objective: To determine the life expectancy (LE), change in LE over time, number of hospital admissions (HA), and the length of stay (LOS) in hospital of HIV/AIDS patients (pts) with CD4 counts of less than 50 cells/mm3. Methods: Data was gathered from a computer registry, updated weekly, of HIV/AIDS pts seen at St. Fr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:236 (abstract no. Tu.B.315)
Markham R, Munoz A, Wang WC, Vlahov D, Yu XF; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: 410-558-1250.
Objectives: To determine the correlation between CD4 T cell decline over time and increases in viral env sequence vriation. Methods: The study group consisted of 15 subjects from the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) cohort who were studied over a total of 76 visits. For each visit, a region of the env
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:236 (abstract no. Tu.B.410)
Dunne MW, Havlir D, Dube M, Sattler F, Forthal D, Kemper C, McCutchan A; Pfizer Central Research, Groton, CT, USA.
Animal models have demonstrated synergistic effects of azithromycin and sulfamethoxazole in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ). In order to determine whether similar effects could be seen in the setting of HIV infection, the incidence of PCP was determined for patients enrolled in a randomized, do
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:236 (abstract no. Tu.B.411)
Schuman P, Vazquez J, Sobel JD, Goldman A, Peng G, Capps L; The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA), Detroit, MI. Fax: 313-745-8112.
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly fluconazole (FLU) for the prevention of mucosal candidiasis in women with late HIV infection (CD4 lymphocyte count less than 300/mm3 or CD4% less than 20%). Methods: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing 200 mg/week of FLU with placebo was conducted
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:236 (abstract no. Tu.B.412)
Van Delden C, Gabriel V, Sudre P, Flepp M, von Overbeck J, Hirschel B; Div. of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Fax: +41 22 372 98 20.
Objective: To study the prevalence and reasons for absence of prophylaxis among AIDS patients diagnosed with Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). Methods: Retrospective chart review and matched case-control study. Patients: 104 first episodes, and 26 relapses of TE registered in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from three centers f
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:236 (abstract no. Tu.B.413)
Nahlen BL, Parise ME, Ayisi J, Oloo AJ, Schultz LJ, Steketee RW; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: 254-35-21442. E-mail: (send c/o R. Steketee) at risl @cidhiv 1.em.cdc.gov.
Objectives: To assess the effect of HIV-1 on the safety and efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for prevention of placental malaria infection. Methods: Following informed consent, women in 1st and 2nd pregnancies attending antenatal clinics between 16-26 weeks gestation in western Kenya were randomized into
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:237 (abstract no. Tu.B.414)
Beardsell AD, Coker K, Woodfall B, Conway B; St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fax:(604)631-5675.
Objectives: To determine efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of a protocol using adjunctive prednisone therapy with TMP-SMX liquid for desensitizing HIV-positive patients previously allergic to TMP-SMX. Methods: A protocol combining high-risk exclusion criteria, increasing doses of TMP-SMX suspension and tapering d
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:237 (abstract no. Tu.B.415)
Freedberg KA, Alpher JL, Seage GR, Losina E, Weinstein MC, Craven DE, Paltiel AD; Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: (617) 534-4676. E-mail: kfreedbe@acs.bu.edu.
Objectives: To determine the cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent the major opportunistic infections (OI s) associated with AIDS. Methods: We developed a decision analytic simulation model of advanced HIV disease to project costs, clinical outcomes including primary cases of OI s prevented (1 primary cases preve
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:237 (abstract no. Tu.B.520)
Seaton D, Roy DJ, Ruedy J; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fax: 604-734-0355. E-mail: don_seaton@mindlink.bc.ca.
Does the lack of a compassionate release program for a new HIV drug render a randomized controlled trial unethical? Project: The National Ethics Review Committee (NERC) asked if it should withhold approval of a clinical trial on the basis that unrestricted compassionate access (like parallel track) was not offer
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:237 (abstract no. Tu.B.521)
Thorne B, Getty J, Sharp M, Parks V, Mahon D; ACT UP Golden Gate, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-626-9142. E-mail: babykitty@aol.com.
Scientific research is a complicated, lengthy process. Patients with advanced AIDS are offered few options by the research establishment. Fifty thousand late stage AIDS patients die each year. Promising research which could lead to treatments and potentially a cure can be stifled by bureaucracies and fear of the
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:237 (abstract no. Tu.B.522)
Hogan CH, Hodges JS, Mugglin A, Peterson PM, Abrams DI, Saravolatz L; Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Fax: (612) 626-8892. E-mail: carlton@gopher.ccbr.umn.edu.
Objectives: Powerful laboratory assays are increasingly important in AIDS care and research. Measures such as CD4+ lymphocyte counts and HIV viral load (QC-PCR or bDNA) have been used in lieu of clinical outcomes to approve new antiretroviral therapies. Debate continues as to whether treatment-induced changes in these
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:238 (abstract no. Tu.B.523)
Parsons CD, Grubb IR; National Centre in HIV Social Research, La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. Fax: 0011-61-3-941869. E-mail: cdf.parsons@latrobe.edu.au.
There is international concern regarding tensions between the science and ethics of HIV clinical drug trials. It is important to examine whether the interests of science and ethics are incommensurable or whether there are avenues for ameliorating the perceived and actual differences. Project: Unstructured interv
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:238 (abstract no. Tu.B.530)
Reichman LB; New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, NJ, USA.
It has long been known that HIV infection was the most potent facilitator of tuberculosis ever known. This coexistent interaction has led to TB being the most important opportunistic infection associated with HIV, more so because TB even with HIV is almost completely preventable. With the increasing evidence that TB en
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:238 (abstract no. Tu.B.532)
Powderly WG; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Fax: 314-361-5231. E-mail: wpowderl@imgate.wustl.edu.
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) has been standard care in HIV therapeutics for almost a decade. It is clear from recent clinical trials that any form of PCP prophylaxis is very effective in patients with higher CD4 counts. As immunodeficiency progresses, systemic prophylaxis is superior to local,
Reportedly the pattern of opportunistic infections (OI) among patients with AIDS in developing countries differs from that in industrialized countries. In most of sub-Saharan Africa PCP is rarely reported. In Thailand PCP is also rarer than in early AIDS cases in the USA and Europe. Other OIs are reported much more fre
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:238 (abstract no. Tu.B.540)
Smith KW, Avis N, Mayer K; New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, USA. Fax: 617-926-8246. E-mail: kevins%neri@mcimail.com.
Objective: Responsiveness, or sensitivity to change, is an important indicator of the validity of a measurement instrument. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of the Multidimensional Quality of Life Questionnaire for Persons with HIV/AIDS (MQOL-HIV). Methods: The MQOL-HIV is a 40-item question
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:239 (abstract no. Tu.B.541)
Bloom F; Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Fax: 414-765-8823. E-mail: frb@post.its.mcw.edu.
Objective: To understand how a sample of gay men living with HIV infection evaluate and work to preserve or improve the quality of their lives. Methods: Ethnographic observations and in-depth life story interviews were obtained from twenty Anglo-American gay men attending an HIV clinic. A meaning-centered anthropologic
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:239 (abstract no. Tu.B.542)
Testa MA, Lenderking WR, Fischer L, Revicki DA, Collier AC; Phase V Technologies, Inc., Wellesley Hills, MA. Fax: 617-237-4407.
Objective: To determine the drug-related quality-of-life effects (QOL) of saquinavir (SAQ), a protease inhibitor, given in combination with zidovudine (ZDV), and ZDV and zalcitabine ( d
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:239 (abstract no. Tu.B.543)
Hooker M, Newberry A, Nunn A, Babiker A, Burgess A, Catalan J, Green J, Darbyshire J; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, London, UK. Fax: 0171 380 9972/3.
Delta is a large multinational trial with 2,191 previously untreated patients (Delta 1) and 1,117 patients already tolerating AZT (Delta 2) randomised to either AZT monotherapy, or AZT + ddI or AZT + ddC as combi
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:239 (abstract no. Tu.C.120)
De Andres R, Perez L, Contreras G; CNBCR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Fax: (1) 6388206.
Objectives: To determine the risk of HIV transmission following occupational exposures to health care workers (HCWs) in Europe, analize the circumstances related with these exposures, and on side prevention policies adopted in the different countries. Methods: A multicenter prospective study on occupational exposure to
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:239 (abstract no. Tu.C.121)
Robillard P, Roy E, Lugat M; Montreal Direction of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (514) 858-5993. E-mail: robillp@ere.umontreal.ca.
Objectives: To improve hospital participation to the Canadian surveillance system for occupationally acquired HIV infection and to expand the system to other blood borne pathogens, a pilot project was held in 14 acute care hospitals of a Canadian province to develop and test an integrated surveillance system for occupa
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:240 (abstract no. Tu.C.122)
Michelet C, Besnier F, Arvieux C, Camus C, Cartier F; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. Fax: 33 99 28 41 88.
Objectives: To propose a Guideline for the use of post-exposure prophylaxis with AZT in health care workers (HCW) after contact with contaminated body fluids from HIV-infected patients, and to evaluate its efficacy and toxicity. Methods: Prophylactic ZDV therapy after occupational exposure raises many questions.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:240 (abstract no. Tu.C.123)
Ippolito G, De Carli G, Puro V, Petrosillo N; Centro di Riferimento AIDS, Spallanzani Hosp., Rome, Italy. Fax: 39-6-5594224.
Objective: To estimate the risk of infection following an occupational exposure (OE) to HIV and HCV for health care workers (HCWs). Methods: Details of HIV OE were collected since 1/86 from more than 30 hospitals; in 4/90 zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis was started, and since 1/92 details of HCV OE were collected. HCWs we
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:240 (abstract no. Tu.C.124)
Tarantola A, Casalino E, Gadjos V, Fleury L, Coutellier A, Bouvet E; Bichat-Claude Bernard and Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospitals, Paris, France. Fax: 33 1 40 25 8829.
Objective: To evaluate the frequency and perceived risk of blood and blood-borne pathogens exposure among medical students in a Paris teaching hospital. Method: We carried out a questionnaire survey among the entire medical student population of two major teaching hospitals during their semestrial rotation matching ses
Objectives: To detect blood contamination on dental chair units using luminol test, find out what part is the dirtiest, and discuss the results for HIV prevention. Methods: Sixteen dental chair units were examined randomly on the floor of the Department of Endodontics at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:240 (abstract no. Tu.C.200)
Klavs I, Kristancic L, Celan LB, Krek J, Krek M, Kastelic Z, Poljak M, Piskur KD; Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Fax: +386 61 323940. E-mail: Irena.Klavs@ivz.sigov.mail.si.
Objectives: We monitor the prevalence of HIV infection in accessible groups at higher risk for HIV infection (patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and injecting drug users) and at lower risk (pregnant women) more representative for general population. Methods: Since 1993 unlinked anonymous HIV seroprevale
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:241 (abstract no. Tu.C.201)
Lyubaeva EV, Pokrovsky VV; Russia AIDS Center, Sokolinoy Gory, Moscow. Fax: (095) 365-4680.
Objective: estimate the ease of condoms purchasing in Moscow. Methods: were explored availability, the time of selling and prices of condoms in 38 drug stores, 17 pharmacy kiosks of subway, 20 commercial kiosks, 5 supermarkets, 22 kiosks in Moscow hotels in November 1995. Results: established, that condoms were sold in
Republic of Belarus is situated in the centre of Europe and taking into account crossing of all the most important communication routes between the East and the West. It was one of the first in the former Soviet Union to face in 1987 the problem of HIV-infection - al first there were foreign citizens on different occas
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:241 (abstract no. Tu.C.203)
Apetrel C, Duca M; Virus Laboratory, Univ. of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Fax: 00 40 32 140715.
BACKGROUND: The HIV1 infection epidemic in Romanian of nursed, horizontally infected children reached the sixth year of evolution. The present data reveals that nowadays, almost 55% of European AIDS paediatric patients were reported from Romania. Objective: To reveal the main characteristics of this unique epidemic in
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:241 (abstract no. Tu.C.204)
Kobyshcha Y, Shcherbinskaya A, Khodakevich L, Andrushchak L, Kruglov Y; National AIDS Centre, Kiev, Ukraine. Fax: 380-44-244-38-11. E-mail: kobisha@pnaids.freenet.kiev.ua.
Injecting drug users have become the most vulnerable to HIV high risk group of population in Ukraine . Project: Results of a special investigation on the current HIV situation among IDUs in Ukraine are presented. Results: A radical change of the HIV situation in Ukraine has been observed during 1995. More than 7
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:241 (abstract no. Tu.C.205)
Gromyko A; WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. Fax: 45-39-17-18-75 or 45-39-17-18-18. E-mail: agr@who.dk.
The first cases of AIDS in the eastern part of Europe appeared mostly in 1986-87, i.e. several years later than in the countries of the western part of Europe. It was a common understanding at that time that the disease would start to proceed with the same pace as in the other countries of Western Europe. However, the
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:241 (abstract no. Tu.C.210)
Kolker L; Duth Foundation for STD Control, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Now that the general public is well aware of the importance of HIV/STD prevention, it is crucial that national policy is established whereby mass-media and more individually targeted prevention activities complement and support each other. The points of departure are prevention which influences behaviour and the
ISSUE: Gulu is a rural district in Uganda and HIV/AIDS is very much associated with immorality. Many people suffer from agony of uncertanity because they fear finding out their sero status. It s yet a bigger problem when one tests HIV+. The immediate feelings are lone-liness, self pity, what will be the public opinion?
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:242 (abstract no. Tu.C.212)
Katz D, Gerber R, Williams K, Dutcher G; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
When important treatment information needs to be widely disseminated by the various components of the U.S. Federal government, such as the trial results from ACTG 076 (the trial which confirmed that the use of AZT during pregnancy reduces perinatal HIV transmission), a centralized reference service enables this
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:242 (abstract no. Tu.C.213)
Puro V, Ippolito G, Aloisi MS, Antonucci G, De Carli G, D'Ubaldo C, Girardi E, Orchi N, Petrosillo N, Sampaolesi A, Zaniratti S; Centro di Riferimento AIDS-Osp. L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy. Fax: 39-6-5594224.
Objective: To describe the characteristics of women found to be HIV-infected (HIV+) during pregnancy or at delivery. Method: Case reports from unselected consecutive 1) 3158 women (W) seeking HIV testing for pregnancy at the major counseling and testing site in Rome Italy , (1985-95); 2) 14736 parturients (P) admitted
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:242 (abstract no. Tu.C.214)
Svoboda T, Trojan O; Centre for Prevention of HIV/AIDS and STDs, Prague, Czech Republic. Fax: +42-2-432172. E-mail: trojan@bsdi.infima.cz.
Internet as a well reachable source can be used both for prevention and information programs. Project: The project came up after the demand from various governmental, nongovernmental and teaching organizations which have to solve problems with accurate information flow regarding issue of drug abuse and HIV/STD p
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:242 (abstract no. Tu.C.215)
Khaparde SD; Family Welfare Training & Research Centre, Bombay, India. Fax: (91) 22-3862736.
Adolescent boys and girls in the urban slums are high-risk group for HIV/AIDS, but do not access the AIDS prevention education programme as these groups dis-continue their schools. Project: To develop HIV/AIDS prevention education programme for the adolescent boys and girls of the socio-economically under-privil
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:243 (abstract no. Tu.C.220)
Brigido LF, Rossini M, Santos I, Camargo R, Caseiro M, Nunes D, Duarte AJ; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Retrovirus Laboratory, Brasilia, Brazil. Fax: 55-61-315.2519.
Objective: To study subtype transmissibility by accessing the relative prevalence of HIV subtypes in sexual partners of IDU as compared to other subpopulations of the same geographical area. Methods: Samples from 112 HIV-infected individuals living in the capital of Sao Paulo capital and neighboring cities were amplifi
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:243 (abstract no. Tu.C.221)
Takebe Y, Kusagawa S, Sato H, Watanabe S, Nohtomi K, Thwe M, Ow KY, Lwin S, San K, Kywe B, Hien NG, Thang BD, Long HT, Yamazaki S; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan. Fax: (81)-3-5285-1177.
Objectives: To determine the molecular epidemiology of the HIV spread in southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar and Vietnam . Methods: Blood specimens were collected in 1994-1995 from seropositive persons of various risk groups in Myanmar and southern Vietnam. HIV-1 env gene C2/V3 regions from PBMCs were amplifie
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:243 (abstract no. Tu.C.222)
Smolskaya T, Leinikki P, Albert J, Korovina G, Vlasov N, Novicova V; St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. Fax: (812) 232-9217.
Objective: To describe current epidemiological status of HIV/AIDS epidemic in North-Western Region of Russia . To investigate HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Russia for additional epidemiological information about spread and origin of HIV- infections. Methods: We analyzed the results of the epidemiological surveillance w
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:243 (abstract no. Tu.C.223)
Zhong P, Fransen K, Zhu W, Duan JL, Liu GZ, Heyndrickx L, Nkengason JN, Leonaers A, Lu QG, Ji WM, van der Groen G, Gou SQ; Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, P.R. China. Fax: 86- 21 - 62801807.
Objective: To identify serologically and genetically the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevailing in blood donors from a blood donor station in China . Methods: 356 pooled plasma, initially screened in 2136 individual blood donors with a locally made HIV-1/2 ELISA in a blood donor station in Henan provinc
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:243 (abstract no. Tu.C.224)
Rayfield MA, Biryahwaho B, Hu D, Baggs J, Luo CC, Downing R, Carr L, Dela Torre N, Candal D, Otten RA, George JR, Schochetman G, Dondero TJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Fax: (404) 639-1010. E-mail: marl @ciddas1.em.cdc.gov.
Objectives/Methods: To determine the prevalence and distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Uganda , we obtained leftover blood from hospitals and clinics from five districts in Uganda. Unlinked samples without personal identifiers were tested for HIV-1/2. Positive samples were further characterized using subtype specific pe
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:244 (abstract no. Tu.C.225)
Abebe A, Rinke de Wit T, Messele T, Sahlu T, Yeneneh H, Fontanet A, Goudsmit J, De Wolf F; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fax: 251-1-752533.
Objective: To determine the predominant HIV-I subtypes circulating in high risk populations of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . Materials and Methods: 288 serum samples collected in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between 1989-1995 from HIV-1 infected Ethiopians were analyzed by peptide ELISA. Samples were obtained from three different
