Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:2 (abstract no. We.11)
Trono D; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. Fax: 619-534-7760. E-mail: didier_trono@qm.salk.edu.
Our growing understanding of HIV molecular biology reveals important clues on AIDS pathogenesis, and suggests novel approaches for the development and monitoring of antiviral therapies. Keys to HIV replication reside in critical interactions between virally encoded factors and normal intracellular pathways. In this lec
The scale of the HIV pandemic in Zambia and many other resource-poor settings (RPSs) has overwhelmed the existing health and social support systems. Around 65% of medical inpatients in Lusaka are HIV-seropositive. More that 80% of people have a family member or close relative, who has died of HIV. Every class in every
Epidemics of disease are milestones in the history of humanity, nodes in the intricate web of causes and consequences which shape the development of societies. HIV has been with us for long enough to reveal global patterns of distribution which can be linked to currently accepted indicators of social development. Its h
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:36 (abstract no. We.14)
Ungphakorn J; AIDS Counseling Centres, Education and Support Services (ACCESS), Bangkok, Thailand. Fax: 66-2-248-4857.
The problem with proliferation of HIV counseling and testing centres with regard to HIV prevention is that HIV testing itself is a questionable tool for promoting prevention, as it diverts attention from the need for universal precautions in sexual practices. HIV testing is only really of use in terms of prevention for
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:2 (abstract no. We.15)
Alwano-Edyegu MG, Gumisiriza E, Campbell C, Moore M, Marum E, Kaleeba N; AIDS Information Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
Presentation of the Negative Argument to the resolution/debate topic. Based on lessons learnt from HIV prevention interventions in the developing world, we believe that every country should consider HIV counseling and testing (CT), targeted as appropriate, as part of a comprehensive prevention package based on c
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. We.A.100)
Godard CM, Serries H, Chermann JC; INSERM Unite 322, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et Maladies Associees, Marseille, France. Fax: (33) 91 41 92 50.
Objective: To elucidate the cellular interactions which take place between blood-derived macrophages (BDM) infected with an HIV1-macrophage tropic variant and CD4+ T cells. Methods: BDM cultured in the presence of GM-CSF were infected with a macrophage-tropic strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an HIV1-infe
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. We.A.101)
Boudet F, Lecoeur H, Roue R, Gougeon ML; Unite d'Oncologie Virale, AIDS & Retroviruses Dpt, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: 33145688909.
Objective: To investigate the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the enhanced susceptibility to undergo in vitro apoptosis of CD8 peripheral T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected persons. Methods: We analyzed the ex vivo expression of the Fas molecule and the intracellular Bcl-2 protein in CD8 T cell subpopulatio
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. We.A.102)
Kottilil S, Bowmer MI, Campbell C, Grant M; Immunology, Health Sciences Centre, St. John's, NF, Canada. Fax: 709-737-5127.
Objective: Abnormally high numbers of T cells from HIV-infected individuals spontaneously undergo apoptosis. Stimulation with mitogens, superantigens or immobilized anti-CD3 or anti-Fas santibodies further increases this number. Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) from HIV-infected individuals can also kill activated lymphocytes f
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. We.A.104)
Algeciras A, Badley AD, Lynch DH, Paya CV; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Fax: 507-284-3757.
CD4 T lymphocyte depletion in HIV-infected individuals is associated with increased apoptosis of this lymphocyte subpopulation. Apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells is secondary to the interaction of Fas ligand (FasL) with Fas. Recent data indicates that CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals are more susceptible to
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. We.A.105)
Gilardini M, Piazza C, Cundari E, Moretti S, Tuosto L, Acuto O, Piccolella E; Dept. of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. Fax: (39-6) 499-17594.
It is well established that a temporal or absolute imbalance of signals delivered via T cell antigen receptor (TcR) and the CD4 co-receptor can lead to anergy and/or apoptosis. It has also been reported that the interaction of the accessory molecule CD2 with its ligand LFA-3, is able to provide signals that protect T c
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:4 (abstract no. We.A.140)
Agy MB, Schmidt A, Florey M, Kennedy B, Schaffer G, Rodregues H, Katze MG, Corey L, Morton WR, Bosch ML; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: magy@u.washington.edu.
Objective: To examine virological parameters of HIV-1 infection during serial in vivo passage in M. nemestrina. Methods: Twelve pig-tailed macaques were divided into four groups. The pair of macaques in group 1 were inoculated with HIV-1LAI or HIV-1NL4-3. Group 2 contained two macaque pairs each of which received 10 ml
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:5 (abstract no. We.A.141)
Amedee AM, Lacour N, Bakeer M, Simpson L, Martin L, Bohm R, Murphey-Corb M; Tulane Regional Primate Center, Covington, LA, USA. Fax: (504) 898-0329. E-mail: angela@tmc.tulane.edu.
Objective: To determine whether the dramatic differences in survival observed in macaques infected with SIV is linked to selective infection of genotypes found within the viral quasispecies. Methods: The proviral content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the course of infection in animals undergoing variable
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:5 (abstract no. We.A.142)
Thompson J, Hu SL, Kuller L, Travis B, Morton WR, Agy MB; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Objective: To determine the macaque infectious dose (MID) of SHIVIIIB in pig-tailed macaques, Macaca nemestrina, in preparation for challenging animals previously immunized with an envelope based candidate HIV-1 vaccines. Methods: SHIVIIIB used in this study was prepared and characterized by Virus Research Institute an
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:5 (abstract no. We.A.143)
Kuller L, Thompson J, Morton WR, Agy MB; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Objective: To examine the early kinetics of anti-SIV antibody production in plasma and mucosa-lined compartments after transmucosal SIV infection in Macaca nemestrina. Methods: As a component of a larger study of five male-female juvenile pairs of M. nemestrina intrarectally infected by uncloned SIVMne, plasma and muco
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:5 (abstract no. We.A.144)
Bosch ML, Schmidt A, Agy M, Florey MJ, Anderson D, Numankadic S, Herz A, Robertson M, Morton W; Wash. Reg. Primate Res. Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Fax: +1 (206) 685 0305. E-mail: ASCHMIDT@bart.rprc.washington.edu.
Objective: To establish infection with HIV-1 in neonatal macaques, with the purpose to create a monkey model in which HIV-1 viral pathogenesis can be studied directly. Methods: We have infected pigtailed macaques with HIV-1 at birth. Four animals were infected orally (2 ml of tissue culture supernatant containing HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:5 (abstract no. We.A.145)
Guillemin G, Boussin FD, Croitoru J, Le Grand R, Dormont D; CE-FAR, DSV/DRM/SNV, Fontenay aux Roses, France. Fax: (33 1) 46 54 77 26.
Objectives: To investigate the role of astroglial cells in the neuropathogenic processes of AIDS. Methods: Astrocyte cultures were obtained from the brain of 26 macaques (12 rhesus and 14 cynomolgus) sacrified at an average of 1 year after their infection by SIVmac251. None of these animals exhibited neurological sympt
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:5 (abstract no. We.A.151)
Hallenberger S, Moulard M, Sordel M, Klenk HD, Garten W; Philipps-University Marburg, Institute of Virology, Marburg, Germany.
The envelope proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and type-2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) mediate binding to the cellular receptor and subsequent fusion of the viral envelope with the cellular membrane. Proteolytic activation of the envelope proteins which is catalyzed by host cell enzymes is crucial for their ability to
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:6 (abstract no. We.A.152)
Tritch RJ, Corman JI, Erickson-Viitanen S; The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Introduction: The virally encoded protease of HIV is required for proper processing of the GAG polyprotein of the virus, to produce the four large (p17, Matrix, p24, Capsid, p7 Nucleocapsid, and p6) and two small (p2, p1) polypeptides that are essential for the mature virion architecture conferring infectivity. Both th
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:6 (abstract no. We.A.153)
Paulus CR, Beibetainger M, Wolf H, Wagner R; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Regensburg, Germany. Fax: +49 941 944 6402.
Objective: The frameshift protein p6* encoded directly upstream of the protease (PR) in the HIV-1 pol reading frame is supposed to play a role in the intracellular regulation of PR activity. This limitation of cytoplasmic protease activation is necessary to prevent premature processing of Gag and Gag-Pol precursors and
Objective: To analyze the influence of proper folding of Pr55gag on HIV- assembly and infectivity. Methods: Proline residues are assumed to play a key role in determining the structure of the polypeptide backbone. In the N-terminal region of p24 we substituted residues P133; P149; P166; P170; P217; P222; P225; P231 for
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:6 (abstract no. We.A.155)
Decroly E, Ruysschaert JM, Seidah NG; IRCM, Montreal, Canada.
Objective: Intracellular proteolytic processing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein precursor (gp160) into gp120 and gp41 is an essential step for virus infectivity and fusion process. Cellular proteolytic maturation requires highly conserved basic amino acid sequences also identified in the mat
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:6 (abstract no. We.A.156)
Martin I, Schaal H, Scheid A, Ruysschaert JM; U.L.B., LCPMI, Brussels, Belgium.
Objective: To analyze the role of the HIV-1 gp41 N-terminal domain in the viral fusogenic activity. Methods: IR spectroscopy Results: The amino-terminal extremity of the HIV-1 transmembrane protein (gp41) is thought to play a pivotal role in the fusion of virus membranes with the plasma membrane of the target cell and
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:7 (abstract no. We.A.160)
Grandadamm, Dupin N, Calvez V, Gorin I, Blum L, Kernbaum S, Sicard D, Buisson Y, Aguth, Jescande JP, Huraux JM; Hopital Tarnier-Cochin, Paris, France. Fax: 33 1 42 34 19 68.
Multicentric Castelman s Disease (MCD) is an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder which has been reported in close association with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) both in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients. In some cases, MCD is a persistent disease with periodic exacerbations requiring a treatment such as chemotherapy
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:7 (abstract no. We.A.161)
Bennett J, Strand K, Schultz E, Bosch M, Tsai CC, Schaefer G, Rose TM; Dept. Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. E-mail: trose@u.washington.edu.
Objectives: To identify and characterize potential therapeutic, diagnostic and vaccine targets for Kaposi s sarcoma and other AIDS-related malignancies. Methods: DNA was isolated from Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) lesions of patients with AIDS and retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) lesions of Macaca nemistrina with simian AIDS
Objective: To assess the appearance of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS)-like spindle cells in peripheral blood from KS patients and to characterize them for hystochemical markers, cytokine profile and presence of HHV8/KSHV DNA sequences. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:7 (abstract no. We.A.163)
Li JJ, Friedman-Kien AE, Huang YQ, Zhang WG, Feiner D; NYU Medical Center, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY, USA. Fax: 212-263-7933.
Objective: To determine the subsets of peripheral blood cells (PBMC) infected by HHV-8 in patients with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Methods: Twenty-five blood samples were collected from patients with Classic KS (4), AIDS-KS (14), HIV+ without KS (4) and HIV- healthy controls (3). Subsets of PBMC cells, including CD3, CD14,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:7 (abstract no. We.A.164)
Klaskala W, Sosa C, Benetucci J, Wood C, Baum MK; U of Miami, Dpt. Epidemiology & Public Health, Miami, FL.
Objective: To determine whether human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) sequences are present in AIDS patients diagnosed with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in Argentina . Methods: Biopsy samples were collected from four HIV+ homosexual men diagnosed with cutaneous KS. PCR was performed to amplify a 233-bp from the KS - 330 Bam fragment s
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:7 (abstract no. We.A.165)
Briz M, Martin T, Yebra M, Laguna P, Busto MJ, Pastor C, Fernandez MN; Medicina Interna Iii Hospital Puerta De Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
Background: Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences have recently been found in lesions from patients with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in its several forms (classical, AIDS-associated and that affecting HIV-negative homosexual men), suggesting that this tumor may be caused by a new herpesvirus, referred to as Kaposi s sarcoma-associa
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:8 (abstract no. We.A.166)
Huang YO, Li JJ, Feiner D, Zhang WG, Cockerell CJ, Demopoulos RI, Friedman-Kien AE; NYU Medical Center, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY, USA. Fax: 212-263-7933.
Objective: To study the distribution in different organs of HHV-8 in AIDS-KS patients. Methods: Autopsy specimens of various organs from 5 AIDS-KS patients and 6 AIDS patients without KS were collected. DNA were extracted from paraffin sections. PCR was performed in solution containing TAQ, TAQ buffer, dNTP and primer
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:8 (abstract no. We.A.167)
Friedman-Kien AE, Li JJ, Jensen P, Huang YQ; NYU Medical Center, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY, USA. Fax: 212-263-7933. E-mail: FRIEDA02@pop.mail.med.nyu.edu.
Objective: To determine whether HHV-8 could be detected in KS lesions found in organ transplant recipients and other patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: 14 tumor specimens were obtained from various patients with KS. Among them were 1 renal transplant recipient; 2 with rheumatoid arthritis who were on long
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:8 (abstract no. We.A.260)
Badley AD, Dockrell D, Holtz-Heppelmann CJ, Simpson M, Lynch D, Paya CV; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Fax: 507-284-3757.
Objective: Although the mechanisms leading to CD4 depletion in HIV-infected individuals remain undefined, recent evidence suggests that HIV-infected accessory cells (such as macrophages) may be a source of ligands capable of inducing apoptosis in primed CD4 lymphocytes from HIV seropositive individuals. We therefore ha
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:8 (abstract no. We.A.261)
Kolesnitchenko V, King L, Korsmeyer SJ, Cohen DI; LTCB, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-496-8394. E-mail: vk5q@nih.gov.
Objective: To better understand the HIV-initiated cell death process, we have studied T cell lines transfected to stably overexpress the bcl-2 oncoprotein, which functions to inhibit multiple forms of PCD. Methods: Bcl-2 overexpression was engineered into Jurkat CD4+ T-cell lines and Jurkat HIVenv (Jurkat T-cell lines
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:8 (abstract no. We.A.262)
Korn-Muller AC, Nitschko H, Gelderblom H, von der Helm K; Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Fax: 0049-89-5380584.
Objective: To investigate the ability of non-matured, non-infectious virus particles to adhere to permissive T lymphocytes and their efficacy to induce syncytia formation, cell death and apoptosis. Methods: Non-infectious HIV-1 particles were obtained from cell culture supernatant of chronically infected cells that wer
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:9 (abstract no. We.A.263)
Wolthers KC, Otto SA, Meyaard L, Miedema F; Dept. of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Laboratory for Exp. & Clin. Immunology of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Holland. Fax: 31-20-5123310.
Objective: In HIV infection, CD4+ T cell turnover is thought to be as high as 1.8 x 109 per day and it is assumed that during progression, the balance between destruction and renewal of CD4+ T cells is disturbed. Renewal of CD4+ T cells might be a limiting factor, leading to progressive immune deficiency. As a possible
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:9 (abstract no. We.A.264)
Clark DR, Hallett CA, Ahmad N, Ampel NM, DeLuca D; AHSC-LSN 601, Tucson, AZ. Fax: 520-626-2100.
Objective: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is characterized by depletion of CD4+ T cells. In the past, it has been difficult to determine the effects of HIV infection on the development of the T-cell lineage. We have examined the ability of human peripheral blood from HIV-infected patients to regenerate
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:9 (abstract no. We.A.265)
Mosier DE, Glynn JM, Ling Y, Gulizia R, Atencio I, McKinney D, McElligott DL; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. Fax: 619 554-6627. E-mail: dmosier@scripps.edu.
Objectives: To determine the contribution and mechanism of apoptosis in acute HIV-1 infection in vitro and in hu-PBL-SCID mice. Methods: CD4-positive human T cell lines or primary cells were infected in vitro with HIV-1. Alternatively, hu-PBL-SCID mice were infected with wild type or nef-deleted HIV-1 isolates (supplie
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:9 (abstract no. We.A.270)
Cohen EA, Nie Z, Mercier J, Bergeron D, Pignac-Kobinger G; Departement de microbiologie et immunologie Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec. Fax: (514) 343-5995. E-mail: cohenea@ere.umontreal.ca.
Objective: Virion-targeted viral inactivation represents a novel approach to interfere with viral replication. In this strategy, a deleterious amino acid (a.a.) sequence is fused to a virion-associated component to prevent production of infectious viral particles and subsequent spread of de novo infection. The HIV-1 Vp
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:9 (abstract no. We.A.271)
Bauer G, Wen SF, Bahner I, Kearns K, Zaia J, Kohn DB; Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Fax: (213) 660 1904. E-mail: gbauer@hsc.usc.edu.
Objective: To establish the feasibility of gene therapy for AIDS in individuals already infected with HIV-1. Methods: Long term bone marrow cultures established from CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood or bone marrow of HIV-1 negative donors transduced with several retroviral vectors containing anti HIV-1 genes strong
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:10 (abstract no. We.A.272)
Johnson RP, Rosenzweig M, Marks DF, Heusch M, Wong-Staal F; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA, USA. Fax: 508-624-8172. E-mail: pjohnson@warren.med.harvard.edu.
Objective: To evaluate the ability of a SIV-specific ribozyme to inhibit viral replication in T cells and macrophages derived from transduced CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Methods: Rhesus CD34+ bone marrow cells were transduced with retroviral vectors containing either a hairpin ribozyme (Rz9456) that cleaves a conserved
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:10 (abstract no. We.A.273)
Sun LQ, Gerlach W, Symonds G; RW Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. Fax: 61-2-360 9812. E-mail: sun@angis.su.oz.au.
Objective: To develop an ribozyme-based gene therapy strategy for inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human hemopoietic lymphocytes. Methods: Hammerhead ribozymes targeted to the HIV-1 y packaging site and regions of the tat gene were designed and synthesised. The ribozymes were engineered into expression constructs and
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:10 (abstract no. We.A.274)
Robinson DR, Chang LJ; Heritage Medical Research Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. Fax: (403) 492-9828. E-mail: derobins@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca.
Objective: To determine the anti-HIV efficacy of an improved retroviral gene therapy vector that contains a Tat-inducible LTR and a conserved HIV packaging signal. Methods: To improve the retroviral vector for HIV gene therapy, two elements were added. The promoter was modified to respond to Tat by cloning the TAR elem
Objective: The synthesis of the viral enzymes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) requires a -1 ribosomal frameshift, when ribosomes of infected cells translate the viral messenger. Our goal is to interfere with this frameshift, so as to inhibit viral assembly and proliferation. Methods: The ribosomal RNA (rRNA
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:10 (abstract no. We.A.280)
van der Ryst E, Fultz PN, Tartaglia J, Barre-Sinoussi F, Paoletti E, Nara P, Meignier B, Blondeau C, Muchmore E, Girard M; Unite de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: 33-1-40613045. E-mail: elna@pasteur.fr.
Objective: To determine whether chimpanzees could be protected from infection with cell-associated HIV-1 by immunization with a live recombinant HIV-1 canarypox virus. Methods: Two adult male chimpanzees were immunized at months 0, 1, 5, 9 and 11 with 4x108 plaque-forming units of ALVAC HIV-1 vCP250, a recombinant cana
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:11 (abstract no. We.A.281)
Lekutis C, Shiver JW, Liu MA, Letvin NL; Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: (617) 667-8210. E-mail: clekutis@bih.harvard.edu.
Objectives: To determine the breadth of the immune response elicited by HIV-1env DNA vaccination in a nonhuman primate animal model. Methods: Two rhesus monkeys were immunized intramuscularly with an HIV-1 gp120 coding plasmid DNA in saline. CD4+ helper T cell lines were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:11 (abstract no. We.A.282)
Murphey-Corb M, Clements J, Amedee AM, Lacour N; Tulane Regional Primate Center, Covington, LA, USA. Fax: (504) 898-0329. E-mail: mickey@tmc.tulane.edu.
Objective: To understand how conservative changes created as a result of replication of an attenuated live virus vaccine permit evasion of immune responses which protect against a more genetically diverse virus strain. Methods: We have previously shown that the macrophage-tropic clone, SIV/17E-Cl, serves as an excellen
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:11 (abstract no. We.A.283)
Biberfeld G, Makitalo B, Putkonen P, Bottiger D, Rud E, Thorstensson R; Swedish Institute Of Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Fax: 46-87354136.
Objective: To study protective immunity in macaques preexposed to subinfectious doses of SIVsm or HIV-2. Methods: Three cynomolgus monkeys were exposed intrarectally (i.r.) to subinfectious doses of SIVsm and challenged 10 months later with 10MID50 of SIVsm i.r. Four monkeys resistant to repeated i.v. HIV-2 inoculation
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:11 (abstract no. We.A.284)
Wakrim L, Le Grand R, Vaslin B, Cheret A, Matheux F, Theodoro F, Roques P, Nicol-Jourdain I, Dormont D; Service de Neurovirologie, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, DRM, DSV, SSA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. Fax: (33-1) 46 54 77 26.
Objectives: To test the potential vaccine effect of a weakly pathogenic HIV-2 isolate against the superinfection after an intrarectal inoculation with a pathogenic SIVmac251 isolate. Method: We intrarectally challenged six HIV-2-preinfected rhesus macaques with 10 AID50 of a pathogenic isolate of SIVmac251. These monke
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:11 (abstract no. We.A.285)
Caufour P, Neildez O, Dilda P, Cheret A, Le Grand R, Matheux F, Theodoro F, Vaslin B, Cranage M, Dormont D; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Service de Neurovirologie, DSV/DRM/SSA, BP6, Fontenay aux Roses, France. Fax: 1-46-54-77-26.
Objective: 1) to confirm the absence of pathogenicity of a nef-deleted molecular clone (pC8) of SIVmac251 in cynomolgus macaques, 2) to assess the ability of C8 clone to protect from a vaginal challenge with a monkey-PBMC grown pathogenic isolate of SIVmac251. Methods: Four adult cynomolgus females, were inoculated IV
Objectives: Patients undergoing acute HIV infection often exhibit transient, high-level TCR Vb-specific expansions of CD8+ T cells. These expanded T cell subsets mediate HIV-specific cytotoxicity, and are believed to be part of the initial immune response to HIV infection. Molecular and cellular analysis were performed
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:12 (abstract no. We.A.381)
Pantaleo G, Soudeyns H, Demarest, Schacker T, Vaccarezza, Cohen OJ, Daucher M, Graziosi C, Schnittman SS, Quinn T, Shaw GM, Perrin L, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A, Sekaly RP, Corey L, Fauci AS; NIAID, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-402-0070.
Downregulation of the initial burst of viremia during primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is thought to be mediated predominantly by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and the appearance of this response is associated with major perturbations of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Changes in
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:12 (abstract no. We.A.382)
Musey LK, Hu YX, Schacker T, Hughes J, Corey L, McElrath MJ; University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Fax: 1-206-4178. E-mail: luwy@u.washington.edu.
Objectives: To identify the patterns of cellular immune responses in peripheral blood and lymph nodes during the early phases of HIV-1 infection and to correlate these responses in a large patient cohort with changes in CD4 count, viral load, and clinical disease. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with documented recent HI
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:12 (abstract no. We.A.383)
Murthy KK, Conley AJ, Schleif W, Cobb EK, Lunceford SM, Galvan A, Rouse SR, Johnson D, Emini E; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX. Fax: (210) 670-3330. E-mail: kmurthy@icarus.sfbr.org.
Objective: To determine the pathogenesis of primary isolates of HIV-1 in chimpanzees. Methods: Two primary isolates of HIV-1 designated as DH12 and 5016, grown in PBMC cultures were intravenously inoculated into chimpanzees (n = 2; for each isolate). Results: Infection with DH12 isolate was characterized by plasma vire
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:12 (abstract no. We.A.384)
Cheret A, Le Grand R, Caufour P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Matheux F, Neildez O, Maestrali N, Theodoro F, Benveniste O, Vaslin B, Dormont D; CEA/DSV/DRM/SNV, Fontenay aux Roses, France. Fax: (33)-1- 46 54 77 26.
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the expression of mRNA monokines (IL-6; TNF-alpha; IL-1beta; IL-10) and IFN-gamma during the acute phase of the infection of cynomolgus macaques inoculated intravenously with a pathogenic isolate of SIVmac251. The quantification of mRNA was performed concomitantly in unmanipulated
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:13 (abstract no. We.A.385)
Chakrabarti L, Khatissian E, Tovey M, Cumont MC, Monceaux V, Montagnier L, Bruno Hurtrel B; Unite d'Oncologie Virale, Paris, France. Fax: (1) 40 61 34 65. E-mail: chakra@pasteur.fr.
Objective: To investigate the role of interferons in the containment of viral burden seen in primary SIV infection. Methods: IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma productions were evaluated in lymphoid organs of 8 rhesus macaques inoculated with SIVmac 251. For each animal, 4 lymph nodes obtained sequentially between day 7 and day 6
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:13 (abstract no. We.A.390)
Mitchell WM, Ding L, Baird C; Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Fax: 615 343-7023.
Objective: To demonstrate the utility of the calcium mobilizing steroid hormone and immunomodulator, 1alpha, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3], in the establishment of mucosal as well as systemic humoral immune responses induced by the facilitated transfection of skeletal muscle with a DNA HIV envelope immunoge
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:13 (abstract no. We.A.391)
VanCott TC, Kaminski R, Lewis M, Mascola J, Wassef N, Alving C, Ulrich T, Richardson C, Lowell G, Burnett P, VanHamont J, Hallberg P, Lu Y, Amselem S, Burke D, McNeil J, Birx D; Henry M Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA. Fax: 301-762-4177. E-mail: tvancott@hiv.hjf.org.
Objectives: Study the immunogenicity of an oligomeric gp160 (o-gp160) protein administered parenterally to Rhesus Macaques, rabbits and mice and mucosally to mice. Assess the immunogenicity of vaccine formulations with respect to their efficiency in eliciting systemic and mucosal antibodies (IgG, IgA) capable of bindin
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:13 (abstract no. We.A.392)
Neildez O, Le Grand R, Caufour P, Cheret A, Matheux F, Theodoro F, Vaslin B, Dormont D; Service de Neurovirologie, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, DRM, DSV, SSA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. Fax: (33-1) 46 54 77 26.
Objective: To characterize the evolution of virological and immunological parameters after experimental vaginal atraumatic exposure of macaques to an SIVmac 251 cell free virus stock. Methods: Three groups of four cynomolgus macaques, previously traited by oestradiol, were inoculated atraumatically into the vagina with
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:13 (abstract no. We.A.393)
Girard M, Barre-Sinoussi F, Tartaglia J, van der Ryst E, Paoletti E, Nara P, Meignier B, Blondeau C, Pillot J, Mahoney J, Fultz PN; Unite de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: 33 1 40 61 30 45. E-mail: Elna@pasteur.Fr.
Objective: To determine whether female chimpanzees could be protected from genital infection with HIV-1 after parenteral and/or mucosal immunization with a recombinant HIV-1 canarypox virus and to compare the oro-nasal and recto-vaginal immunization routes. Methods: Five adult female chimpanzees were immunized at 0, 2,
Objectives: To develop and standardize sampling methods and HIV-1 antibody measurements at mucosal sites in HIV-1 infected and non-infected subjects in order - to determine cut-offs and magnitude of the immune response. Subjects: 17 HIV-1 positive CDC II/III (mean CD4 cell count: 536 plus or minus 198/mm3) and 19 HIV-n
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:14 (abstract no. We.A.395)
Couedel-Courteille A, Butor C, Guillet JG, Venet A; INSERM, ICGM, Paris, France.
Objectives: In order to study the evolution of the different parameters of the early cellular mucosal immune response in SIV rectally-infected macaques, we have first analysed the digestive mucosal immune system of healthy uninfected macaques. Methods: Healthy and SIV rectally-infected macaques (pathogenic isolate SIVm
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:14 (abstract no. We.A.400)
Grant RM, Kaur A, Johnson RP, McClure H, Staprans S, Feinberg MB; Office of AIDS Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Fax: 301-496-4843. E-mail: mark_feinberg@nih.gov.
To investigate the basis for asymptomatic SIV infection in naturally-infected sooty mangabeys (SMMs) quantitative-competitive PCR (QC-PCR) (to measure viral load) and heteroduplex mobility shift (HMA) assays were developed for SIVsmm and the SIVsmm-related virus SIVmac that induces AIDS in rhesus macaques. Interestingl
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:14 (abstract no. We.A.401)
Cheng-Mayer C, Luciw PA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY.
Objective: To elucidate functions of HIV-1 genes in a non-human primate model, we have constructed infectious recombinant viruses (chimeras) between the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239 and molecular clones of HIV-1 that differ in phenotypic properties controlled by the env gene. Methods: HIV-1SF33 is a T-cell line
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:14 (abstract no. We.A.402)
Hufert FT, Bertram S, van Lunzen J, Schmitz J, Haller O, Racz P, von Laer D; Abt. Virologie, Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Fax: +49-761-2036603. E-mail: hufert@sun1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de.
Objective: CD4+ T cells are the main target for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the highest HIV antigen concentration in infected subjects accumulates on the cell surface of follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centers of the lymphoid tissue. Germinal centers contain a T helper cell subset which
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:15 (abstract no. We.A.403)
Miedema F, Kersten MJ, Klein MR, Holwerda AM, Van Oers MH; Dept. of Clin. Viro-Immunology, Central Lab. Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Lab. for Exp. and Clin. Immunol. of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: +31 20 512 3310.
Objective: The vast majority of AIDS-NHL are diffuse large-cell and immunoblastic lymphomas, thought to arise because of uncontrolled EBV-driven proliferation of B cells. EBV-specific CD8+ MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are known to play a key role in EBV-specific immunity in healthy individuals.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:15 (abstract no. We.A.404)
Margolick JB, Rinaldo CR, Gupta P, Farzadegan H, Mullins JI; Dept. Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: (410) 955-0105. E-mail: joe@statepi.shp.jhu.edu.
Objective: To determine when changes in HIV (load and quasispecies diversity) and host immune system (T cell subsets, HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) level) occur in relation to abrupt increases in the rate of decline of CD3+ (T) lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes, termed inflection points (IP), in HIV-infected
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:15 (abstract no. We.A.405)
Levine BL, Mosca J, Riley J, Carroll R, Vahey M, Jagodzinski L, Wagner K, Mayers D, Burke D, Weislow O, St Louis D, June C; NMRI, Tissue Bank, Bethesda, MD. Fax: 301-295-6857. E-mail: rin0bll@bumed30.med.navy.mil.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with a progressive decline in CD4+ lymphocytes. Because stimulation of CD4+ lymphocytes leads to activation of HIV-1 replication, viral spread and cell death, adoptive CD4+ cell therapy has not been possible. We report here that CD28 receptor costimula
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:15 (abstract no. We.A.500)
Levy JA, Blackbourn DJ, Barker E, Mackewicz C, Stranford S; Cancer Research Institute and Dept. of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-476-8365. E-mail: jalevy@itsa.ucsf.edu.
HIV undergoes genetic mutations in the infected host leading to the emergence of a variant virus with properties associated with virulence. These include an expanded host cell range, rapid kinetics of virus replication with high levels of virus production, and increased killing of CD4+ lymphocytes. Asymptomatic individ
Apoptotic T cell death has been suggested to contribute to the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes characteristic of progression to AIDS. However, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell exhibit apoptotic death, either without stimulation or when stimulated via pan-T cell receptor signaling. Thus, both subsets appear to be activated to
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:15 (abstract no. We.A.503)
Bentwich Z, Kalinkovich Z, Weisman Z, Grossman Z; Ruth Ben Ari Institute of Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel. Fax: 972-8-941-0461.
Background: We have previously proposed that several of the manifestations of HIV infection reflect the chronicity of the infection rather than dysregulation of the immune system, unique to HIV. This proposition is based the tunable-activation threshold hypothesis (Grossman & Paul, PNAS, 89:10365, 1992), which impl
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:16 (abstract no. We.A.510)
Malamud D, Douglas A, Rest R; Biosyn, Phila., PA. Fax: 215-387-5332.
Objective: To extend our studies on the range of activities of a C31G-based microbicide to include isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are sialylated on the terminal galactose moiety of the gonococcal lipooligosaccharide and/or grown anaerobically, and thus mimic the in vivo situation. Methods: C31G is a broad-spect
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of F-5 spermicidal gel (0.125% w/w of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride, and 0.5% of sodium cholate), used in the new Protectaid contraceptive sponge, against Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D, E, G, H,I, J and K, using a co-treatment assay. Methods: The C. trachoma
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:16 (abstract no. We.A.512)
Bergeron MG, Gagne N, Gourde P, Perron S, Tremblay M, Beauchamp D, Juhasz J, Desormeaux A; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (418) 654-2715. E-mail: Michel.G.Bergeron@crchul.ulaval.ca.
Objective: To prevent the sexual transmission of HIV with the use of a microbicidal gel applied topically to the vaginal, cervical and/or ano-rectal mucosa. Methods: In vitro experiments have been performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the gel formulation in human cervical (ME-180) and colon epithelial (HT-29) cells
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:16 (abstract no. We.A.513)
Bourinbaiar AS, Fruhstorfer EC, Lopes R; Metatron, Inc., New York, NY, USA. Fax: 212-598-0074. E-mail: emballon@pipeline.com.
Objective: Currently available spermicides with anti-HIV activity, such as nonoxynol-9, are not effective. Since 80% of AIDS cases are sex-borne, better alternative substances are urgently needed. Methods: The serial ten-fold dilutions of gramicidin were tested in vitro for the suppression of HIV and Herpes simplex vir
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:16 (abstract no. We.A.520)
Wathen LK, Nuorala KW, Patel RK, DeYoung DP, Re' KA, Cromie MA, Crampton DJ, Krieger KS, Greenwald CA, Freimuth WW; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA. Fax: 616-385-7219.
Objective: To analytically and clinically validate a precise quantitative DNA PCR assay to evaluate the therapeutic responsiveness of the HIV-1 viral load in the lymphocyte compartment of infected patients. Methods: A quantitative HIV-1 cellular DNA assay was rigorously standardized. Standard material, control lymphocy
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:16 (abstract no. We.A.521)
Gomes P, Taveira N, Moniz-Pereira J, Santos-Ferreira MO, Lourenco MH; Dep. Microbiology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. Fax: 351.1.7934212.
Objective: Development of a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) with ELISA detection of amplified products to quantify HIV-2 proviral load. Methods: For the quantification of the HIV-2 proviral load we built an internal standard (pPG) which has almost the same size and the same primer recognition
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. We.A.522)
Bremer JW, Brambilla D, Reichelderfer P; Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA. Fax: 312-942-6787.
Objective: To compare the results obtained from four algorithms that have been used to estimate HIV RNA copy number from the PCR based Roche Amplicor HIV Monitor assay. Methods: Twenty-one virology laboratories participating in the DAIDS Virology Quality Assurance Program used the Roche assay to estimate RNA concentrat
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. We.A.523)
Izopet J, Bargues G, Bocket-Mouton L, Brun-Vezinet F, Burgard M, Cottalorda J, Descamps D, Dussaix E, Krivine A, Fleury H, Pellegrin I, Poggi C, Profizi N, Rouzioux C, Seigneurin JM, Tamalet C, Puel J; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France. Fax: (33) 61 77 25 42.
Objective: We recently assessed the intra-assay, inter-assay, and inter-lot reproducibilities of a standardized RT-PCR assay (Izopet et al., J. Virol. Methods, in press). This study used the same panel to assess the inter-laboratory reproducibility. Methods: A panel consisting of 10 coded plasma samples was obtained fr
Due to the apparent safety of live attenuated measles vaccine and the possibly devastating consequences of measles infection in people with HIV disease, measles vaccine has been part of routine immunization in HIV-infected children and recommended for HIV-infected adults when an indication arises. This is in con
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. We.B.111)
Fuller JD, Chernoff D, Steger K, Rossi V, Allen D, Barrus S, Cox N, Craven D; Adult Clinical AIDS Program, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Fax: (617) 536-4128. E-mail: jfuller@bu.edu.
Objective: To measure HIV-1 plasma RNA (pRNA) levels following influenza vaccination. Methods: HIV-infected patients being offered annual influenza vaccination (trivalent, types A and B subvirion antigens, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories) were enrolled in a study to evaluate the effect of vaccination on pRNA. pRNA levels wer
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:17 (abstract no. We.B.112)
Ajana F, Senneville E, Valette M, Bourez JM, Chidiac C, Mouton Y; Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Tourcoing, France.
Objectives: 19 HIV-infected patients and presenting idiopathic thrombocytopenia were follow up on clinical and biological level. 9 patients were splenectomized after failure of Retrovir, steroids and IVIG. The other 10 patients refused splenectomy. Polysaccharide vaccine pneumo 23 was performed in the whole patients an
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. We.B.113)
Nelson RP Jr, Ledford D, Vincent A, Zhou L, Bergen-Losee L, Lockey R; University of South Florida, Petersburg, FL. Fax: 813 892 8619. E-mail: rpnelson@coml.med.usf.edu.
Objective: To determine the effect of influenza immunization on plasma RNA levels in a cohort of HIV-infected adults. Methods: Quantitative plasma RNA levels were determined by RT-PCR (Roche Biomedical, Research Triangle Park, NC) at baseline and from 3-5 wk following immunization with the 1994 trivalent influenza vacc
Objective: To determine if HIV replication increases in peripheral blood of seropositive patients after Influenza vaccination. Methods: Tcells and HIV RNA levels were drawn prior to Influenza vaccination in 86 HIV patients (CD4 5 - 615, mean of x 186). Patients were immunized with a one (1) time dose of .5 cc IM of the
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. We.B.115)
Kroon FP, van Dissel JT, Ravensbergen E, Nibbering PH, van Furth R; Dept of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands. Fax: -31-71-5266758.
Introduction: HIV-infected individuals have an increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Therefore immunization with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine is recommended. This T-lymphocyte independent vaccine elicits an IgG antibody response against the combination of 23 polysaccharides in HIV-inf
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. We.B.170)
French P, Steel S, Shepherd D; The Mortimer Market Centre, London, UK. Fax: 0171 380 9949.
Objective: To evaluate the shared care of patients with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis attending a UK HIV centre. Methods: All 41 patients who were diagnosed with CMV during the study period (November 1993 - March 1995) were enroled into a programme of shared care with their local general practitioner (GP).
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:18 (abstract no. We.B.171)
Reiter GS; Hospice LifeCare and River Valley HIV Clinic of Holyoke, Holyoke, MA, USA. Fax: (413) 534-6465.
Issues: Effective and compassionate hospice care for persons dying from AIDS requires a combination of traditional palliative and restorative treatments. Current hospice reimbursement is based primarily on the needs of patients with cancer; funds are sufficient for analgesics, nursing visits and durable medical goods.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. We.B.172)
Milanese G, Cancelli A, Fenianos F, Sarrecchia C, Rocchi G; University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Objectives: To assess the type and the number of interventions which are necessary to meet People with AIDS (PwA) s needs and the possible correlation between the demographic and clinical variables and the required care, in order to plan assistance. Methods: A multidisciplinary service of Home Care (HC) for PwA was sta
Objectives: In France , the entire population theoretically benefits from health coverage, but in fact a fraction of the population does not have access to it. In 1992, for the first time in Paris, a medico-social consultation for destitute patients was incorporated into the outpatients clinic of a University hospital.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. We.B.174)
Kitahata MM, Koepsell TD, Deyo RA, Maxwell CL, Dodge WT, Wagner EH; University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206)-720-4209. E-mail: kitahata@u.washington.edu.
Objective: To determine the utilization of services and costs of care for patients with AIDS cared for by generalist physicians with increasing levels of experience in AIDS management. To examine whether patterns of resource utilization among physicians with greater AIDS experience contribute to survival among their pa
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:19 (abstract no. We.B.175)
Agins BD, Jemiolo D, Simino P, Fox K, Kulpa B, Palumbo M, Rotunno F, Glaros R; NYS Department of Health AIDS Institute (NYSDOH/AIDS Institute), Albany, NY. Fax: 212 613-4996.
Objective: To evaluate the quality of care provided to persons with HIV in NYS, and compare clinical practice patterns among different demographic groups of patients receiving care in hospital clinics, community health centers and drug-treatment programs. Method: Data abstraction from medical records of 1,975 patients
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. We.B.176)
Solomon L, Stein M, Flynn CP, Schoenbaum E, Moore J, Schuman P, Holmberg S, Graham NM; Johns Hopkins U., Baltimore, MD, USA. Fax: 410-955-1836.
Objective: To characterize health services utilization among urban women with, and at risk, for HIV-1 infection. Methods: 1293 women at risk for HIV-1 infection were recruited at four urban centers (Baltimore, The Bronx, Detroit, and Providence). At a baseline study visit the women received physical examinations, had s
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. We.B.177)
Orofino GC, De Agostini M, Busso M, Bonasso M, Pellegrini W; H.C.S., Amedeo di Savoia Hospital of Turin, Torino, Italy. Fax: 039117761757.
Home Care Service (H.C.S.) for AIDS patients and evaluation of its development in the future. Project: In 1992 we established a H.C.S. of AIDS patients in our hospital of I.D. in Turin. The access to this service was only for patients living at home or in community in the city limits of Turin. Patients eligibili
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. We.B.180)
Sharp M, Getty J, Chambers S, Sekeres G; Healing Alternatives Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-626-0451. E-mail: haf@out.org.
Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor thalidomide for weight gain in HIV-1 (+) clients buying the drug at a community based organization. Methods: Since August 15, 1995, 205 HIV-1 (+) clients were surveyed monthly by mail about demographics, medical history, current symptoms
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. We.B.181)
Schambelan M, Mulligan K, Tai VW; San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: (415) 476-4918. E-mail: morrie@sfghgcrc.ucsf.edu.
Objective: To evaluate body composition in men with HIV -associated weight loss and changes in body composition over time in HIV+ men with and without wasting. Methods: Weight and body composition in 38 HIV+ men with documented weight loss greater than or equal to 10% (mean -11.5 plus or minus 0.5 kg) were compared wit
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. We.B.182)
Smith DK, Graham NH, Flynn M, Greenberg B, Sowell A, Ing D, Vlahov D; CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: 404-639-6118. E-mail: dkso@cidhivl.em.cdc.gov.
Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of women in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) and assess its correlation with behaviors and clinical outcomes. Methods: Women at three sites being followed prospectively with biannual visits were recruited to answer standardized vitamin intake questions and to dona
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:20 (abstract no. We.B.183)
Strawford A, Neese R, Hoh R, Pelfini A, Turner S, Papageorgopoulos C, Faix D, Hellerstein M; Dept of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Fax: 510-642-0535. E-mail: march@nature.berkeley.edu.
Published data concerning metabolic alterations contributing to AWS have been contradictory. This may reflect differences among clinical populations (i.e. heterogeneity). We have compiled 6 yr of baseline metabolic/nutritional data in AWS prior to interventions (n= 170 men, 37 women). Weight (wt), body composition, die
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. We.B.184)
Clark RA, Bessinger R, Kissinger P, Thomas C; HIV Outpatient Program, Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA. Fax: 504-568-5313.
Objective and Methods: Women have comprised less than 3% of subjects enrolled in clinical trials to evaluate the use of megace, a successful therapy for AIDS related wasting. To better understand the effectiveness of megace in women with HIV-related cachexia we undertook a retrospective review of 30 women enrolled into
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. We.B.185)
Avila-Figueroa C, Graham NM, Hughes MD, Willett WC, Saah AJ; Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Mexico. Fax: 761-8530.
Objective: To investigate the associations between nutrient intake and CD4 lymphocyte decline as well as the relations of specific dietary fatty acids to the occurrence of AIDS in HIV-infected men. Methods: A prospective cohort of 279 HIV-positive men 34 to 59 years of age, without AIDS or anti-retroviral treatment at
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. We.B.186)
Fulgaro C, Spinosa Guzman S, Dentale N, Colangeli V, Borderi M, Tumietto F, Chiodo F; Dpt of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Bologna, Italy. Fax: +39-51-343500.
Objective: Evaluation of an escalating nutritional intervention using diet plus oral food supplements and appetite stimulation in patients with HIV infection. Subjects and methods: Our two step study included 46 HIV patients with an unintentional weight loss of 5-25% of their ideal body weight (I.B.W). Nutritional stat
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:21 (abstract no. We.B.191)
Anderson VM, Feldman F, Zevallos E, Bard E, Moroso G, Landesman G, Mendez H, Minkoff H, Gu J; SUNY Health Science Center Brooklyn (SUNYHSCB), Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Objective: To study how placental HIV infection mediates the effect of maternal CD4% and viral load on maternal fetal transmission, (MFT). Methods: In situ PCR on HIV exposed placentae detected latent HIV in trophoblasts, Hofbauer cells and fetal endothelium in 56% of 46 placentae. Findings were correlated with materna
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. We.B.192)
Van Dyke RB, Amedee A, Sokol D, Holton D, Perrin M, Bienvenu S, McBride E, Murphey-Corb M; Tulane University School of Medicine, Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, USA. Fax: 504-584-2613. E-mail: vandyke@tmc.tulane.edu.
Objective: To determine and compare the nucleotide sequence of the gp120 V3 loop of HIV DNA and RNA derived from HIV-infected mothers and their infected infants. Methods: Maternal and infant blood samples were collected, fractionated into mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma, and frozen at -70 C. A 102-nucleotide sequen
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. We.B.193)
Panther L, Xu C, Tucker L, Tuomala RE, Anderson DJ; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Objective: We evaluated HIV load and HIV envelope gene diversity in the genital tract of HIV-infected pregnant women in order to assess the relative importance of these two factors in the perinatal transmission of HIV. Methods: Longitudinal sets of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens collected in the peripartum perio
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. We.B.194)
Kilani R, Winkler B, Chang LJ, Guilbert LJ; Dept Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Fax: (403) 492-0368.
To infect the fetus during pregnancy, HIV-1 must cross the placental trophoblast. Whether trophoblast can be infected is controversial. A major experimental problem involves the purity and differentiation state of cultured trophoblasts. We have therefore challenged highly purified (greater than 99.99%) populations of t
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. We.B.195)
Mussi-Pinhata MM, Yamamoto AY, Cervi MC, Figueiredo LT, Duarte GD; Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fax: (016) 6330136 or (016) 6331144. E-mail: mmmpinha@fmrp.usp.br.
Objectives: To determine the rate of congenital cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection in infants born to HIV-infected (HIV+) mothers compared to newborns of non-HIV-infected mothers (HIV-), presuming that newborns of HIV-infected mothers might be more frequently affected by congenital CMV infection than the general populat
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:22 (abstract no. We.B.196)
Taneepanichsakul S, Phuapradit W, Chaturachinda K; Dept. of OB & GYN, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Fax: 66-2-201-1416.
Objective: To survey the acceptability of Zidovudine treatment in pregnancy among Thai HIV-1 positive parturients. Method: 65 cases of HIV-1 positive parturients were interviewed during post-test counselling session about the acceptability of using Zidovudine in pregnancy to reduce vertical transmission. Results: 53 ca
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. We.B.290)
Davey RT, Chaitt D, Kovacs J, Walker R, Polis M, Falloon J, Masur H, Metcalf J, Piscitelli S, Fyfe G, Lane HC; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fax: 301-402-4097.
Objectives: Previous studies using 5-day infusions of continuous intravenous interleukin-2 (civ IL-2 ) every 8 weeks have established that this therapy is capable of inducing major sustained rises in CD4 counts in many HIV-infected recipients. However, a substantial limitation of civ IL-2 is that it is associated with
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. We.B.291)
Pakker NG, Roos MT, Jong de M, Koot M, Leeuwen van R, Reiss P, Schellekens PT, Danner SA, Miedema F; Dept. of Clin. Viro-Immunol., Central Lab. Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transf. Service and Lab. Exp. & Clin. Immunol., Univ. of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fax: + 31 20 512 3310. E-mail: a306clb1@horus.sara.nl.
Objective: To investigate increase of T cell counts in peripheral blood during antiviral therapy in relation to improvement of T cell proliferative capacity in patients treated with: protease inhibitor, non-nucleoside or nucleoside-analogue RT inhibitors. Methods: CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers and T cell reactivity to C
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. We.B.292)
Carr A, Lloyd A, Emery S, Hoy J, Garsia R, Stewart G, French M, Fyfe G, Cooper DA; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (NCHECR), Sydney, NSW, Australia. Fax: (612) 332 1837.
Aim: To determine the safety and immunological effects of intermittent continuous intravenous infusion IL2 (CIV- IL2 plus AR) versus escalating doses of subcutaneous PEG-IL2 (SC PEG-IL2 plus AR) versus AR alone in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with 200 - 500 CD4+ cells microliter-1 managed in an outpatient setting
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. We.B.293)
MacGregor RR, Gluckman S, Lacy K, Kaniefski B, Boyer J, Wang B, Bagarazzi M, William WV, Francher D, Ginsberg R, Higgins T, Weiner D; University of PA, Division of Infectious Disease, Philadelphia, PA.
Objective: Determine the safety, viral, and immune effects of a facilitated HIV DNA plasmid vaccine in HIV-positive subjects. Methods: We have demonstrated that facilitated DNA injection using plasmid constructs that drive expression of HIV-1 genes can induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in non-human prim
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:23 (abstract no. We.B.294)
Sutor GC, Schedel I; Dept. Internal Medicine, Div. Immunology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Objective: The mAb (monoclonal antibody) IOT4a (13B8.2) directed against the CDR(Complementarity-determining region) 3-homologous CD4/D1 region was shown to elicit an HIV-neutralising immune response in rabbits1. Specific anti-Id to IOT4a were capable of inhibiting gp120-CD4 interaction as well as HIV-infection of susc
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. We.B.300)
Tacconelli E, Tumbarello M, Pirronti T, Cauda R, Ortona L; Istituto Clinica Malattie Infettive, Universita Cattolica, Roma, Italia. Fax: +39-6-3051343.
Objective: to identify risk factors for, clinical and radiological findings of, treatment and outcome of pneumothorax (PTX) associated with HIV infection. Design: a retrospective logistic regression analysis, conducted between Jan 1987 and Dec 1994, considering 2,954 hospital admissions relative to 2,094 HIV-infected p
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. We.B.301)
Bornschlegel K, Thomas P, Channing K, Saletan S, Kaye K; New York City Department of Health - OAS, NY, NY. E-mail: born104w@wonder.em.cde.gov.
Objective: To describe tuberculosis disease (TB) in HIV-exposed children in NYC. Methods: The Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (PSD) has followed 2,759 HIV-exposed children at 11 NYC sites since 1989. Charts were reviewed every 6 months for clinical information. Seroreverters were followed to a median age of 2
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. We.B.302)
Rosario AT, Peters B, Afessa B, Green W, Greaves W, Frederick W; Howard University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. Fax: 202-865-4607.
Objective: To describe the characteristics of mycobacterial infection among inner city hospital patients between 1986 -1995. Methods: We reviewed records from the mycobacteriology laboratory and autopsy files of all patients with mycobacterial infection based on positive Fite or Ziehl-Neelsen stains, culture or both. R
Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence for HIV-infection in a population of 932 pulmonary smear positive tuberculous patients. To evaluate the results of standardized 8 month chemotherapy among this cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out among 932 pulmonary smear positive tuberculous patients,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:24 (abstract no. We.B.304)
Gonzalez ML, Palmero D, Alberti F, Ambroggi M, Gonzalez MP, Abbate E; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tisioneumonologia, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: (54-1) 304-1129.
Objective: To describe the characteristics of all cases of MDR-TB among AIDS patients diagnosed at our institution between the years 1992 and 1995. Study Design: All cases of bacteriologically confirmed MDR-TB among patients diagnosed between the years 1992 and 1995 were reviewed using a standardized case report form.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. We.B.305)
Easterbrook PJ, Bell A, Hannan M, Hayward A, Troop M, Shave A, Nelson M, Hawkins D, Gazzard BG, Azadian B, Lau YK; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK. Fax: 0181-846-6530.
Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is rare in the UK (less than 0.1% of TB isolates, 1982-1991). We report an epidemiological investigation of the first UK nosocomial outbreak of MDRTB in a London HIV unit. Methods: The index case was a homosexual man from Lisbon,
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. We.B.306)
Mudido-Musoke P, Marum L, Bagenda D, Aceng E, Kalyesubula I, Olness K, Ndugwa C; Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: 011 256 41 541 044.
Objective: To examine incidence, presentation and treatment response of TB in HIV-infected children. Methods: Charts of 22 children treated for tuberculosis were reviewed from a cohort of 89 HIV-1 infected, 259 seroreverting, 30 indeterminate, and 144 controls followed from birth to 3-4 years. Results: Sixteen of 89 (1
Objectives: The virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are required for recovery from viral infections, for clearance of virus or control of persistent infections. Our goal is to define the role of HIV-specific CTL in pediatric AIDS infection. Methods: HIV-infected children have been followed-up since 1990 for ex
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. We.B.311)
Abrams EJ, Weedon JC, Lambert G, Steketee R; Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA. Fax: (+1) 212-939-4048.
Objective: To assess the utility of infants measured HIV viral load (VL) in predicting (a) progression to severe HIV clinical symptoms or death, and (b) progression to severe immunosuppression or death. Methods: Plasma samples drawn during the first 43 months of life from 49 HIV-infected children, who were followed pro
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:25 (abstract no. We.B.312)
Marum LH, Bagenda D, Guay L, Aceng E, Kalyesubula I, Tindyebwa D, Ndugwa C, Olness K; Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: 256-41-541044. E-mail: cwru@mukla.gn.apc.org.
Objectives: To assess the mortality and clinical status of infants born to HIV-infected and seronegative mothers. Methods: From 1990-92, 387 infants born to HIV+ mothers and 146 controls born to HIV- mothers were enrolled in a study of the natural history of HIV in pregnancy and of the neurodevelopmental effects of HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:26 (abstract no. We.B.313)
Cooper ER, Hanson C, Diaz C, Abboud R, Mendez H, Hittelman J, Mellius C, Smith R, Rodriguez E, Nugent R, Smeriglio V; Boston City Hosp., Boston, MA, USA. Fax: (617) 534-5806.
Purpose: To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival of children with HIV and encephalopathy in a cohort enrolling since 12/89. Methods: Using data prior to 4/1/95, retrospective clinical and immunological staging of HIV-infected infants was based on the CDC Classification System. Immunologic asse
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:26 (abstract no. We.B.314)
Kalyesubula I, Musoke-Mudido P, Marum L, Bagenda D, Ndugwa CM, Aceng E, Olness K; Makerere Medical School, Dept. of Paediatrics, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: 256-41-541044. E-mail: cwru@mukla.gn.apc.org.
Introduction: There are many unanswered questions with respect to the impact of HIV-1 infection on malaria or malaria on HIV-1 infection in children. Both malaria and HIV-1 infection are known to reduce cellular immunity. Repeated malaria infections might accelerate the progression of HIV-related disease. Objective: To
Objective: To examine the association between HIV-1 RNA copy number and likelihood of death in HIV-infected children prospectively followed during the NICHD IVIG Clinical Trial. Methods: Blood was collected for central repository storage at entry and 3 month intervals during the trial. Ultra-frozen serum specimens from
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:31 (abstract no. We.C.120)
Ishikawa N, Matsuda M, Sawanpanyalert P, Yanai H, Sawazaki Y, Yamagata S; The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan. Fax: 81-424-92-8258. E-mail: hyanai@jata.or.jp.
Most international training courses limit their methods of evaluation to participants reactions and/or learning. While actual impact of performance evaluation is vital, it is rarely carried out. Project: In 1994, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan , designated JFAP and RIT to organize an annual Internat
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. We.C.121)
Daniels E, Goosby EP, Macher AM, von Zinkernagel D, Brady B, Lee PR; Office of HIV/AIDS Policy, US Public Health Service (USPHS), Washington, DC.
The paucity of HIV providers seriously impairs the health care delivery system. Federal HIV provider education and training programs have activities that reflect the specific missions of individual agencies and often have limited funding. There has been no comprehensive integration of functions among and across
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. We.C.122)
Shea F, Ager J, Naqvi A; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. Fax: 313-962-4440. E-mail: arep@sun.science.wayne.edu.
Objectives: To assess the overall impact of HIV training programs as well as the effects that program and trainee characteristics have on the degree of attitude change of health care providers. Methods: Seven HIV training sites across the U.S.A. participated in the study. Health care providers who attended educational
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. We.C.123)
Suazo M, Alcantara R, Butler M, Sanchez J, Ryan C; AIDSCAP, Arlington, VA, USA. Fax: (703) 516-9781.
Objectives: Health personnel in the Dominican Republic are often unaware of the connection between STDs and HIV infection and the importance of STD management to diminish HIV prevalence. To address this and to improve overall management of STDs within the limitations of a developing country s health system, an STD synd
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:32 (abstract no. We.C.124)
Betts CD, Carrington C, San Martin A, Guerrero E, Bracho A, Casanova J; ULACETS, Kensington, MD, USA. Fax: 301-942-7296. E-mail: bettscarr@aol.com.
Preparing a new breed of committed, flexible, and effective team players, capable of addressing the challenges of rapid change, conveying effectively a sense of direction that facilitates the coordination of interventions by multiple actors involved in STD/HIV prevention and control is being addressed and evalua
The increasing trend of HIV Infection and AIDS in the Middle East and the advent of the peace initiative has paved the way for collaborations between Israeli and Arab Health professionals for HIV/AIDS Education as a preventive intervention in the region. Project: An HIV/AIDS Education training-workshop was given
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. We.C.201)
Butler M, Brito C, De la Rosa J; AIDSCAP, Arlington, VA, USA. Fax: 703.516.9781.
Objectives: Existing data on adolescents reveal that 90% had knowledge of prevention measures, but only 13% females and 65% males reported changing their sexual behavior. The need was evident for a mass media campaign targeting youth to increase STD/HIV/AIDS awareness levels and risk perception and to promote health-se
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. We.C.202)
Hill S, Gillies P; BC Puppets Against AIDS, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Fax: (604) 253 5150.
There is a critical need for educators to address highly sensitive issues such as HIV/AIDS in an effective, understanding and non-threatening manner. Project: In 1992 the African Research and Educational Puppetry Program (AREPP) presented a series of workshops across Canada using puppetry to raise awareness abou
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. We.C.203)
Sankaran S, Ganesh V, Chandhok K, Meloot J, Manoharan S, Thomas S; Deepam Educational Society for Health (DESH), Madras, India. Fax: 91-44-5340288.
Objective: To develop, in AIDS Prevention Education (APET/S) Programs addressing teachers and adolescent students, a user-friendly, scientific questionnaire and appropriate formula with indicators to enable an objective assessment of effective change in Information/ Awareness(IA), Empowerment with Accountability (EA) a
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. We.C.204)
Pinto T, Guirao LJ, Rodrigues LR, Peixoto M, Damas W, Sammamed JM; AIDS Prevention and Treatment Association (APTA), Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil. Fax: 55 011 825 7701.
Issues: Three years ago we began behavioral intervention work with teenagers - 11 and 12 years old - seeking to create groups of opinion builders for HIV/AIDS/STD issues, within first degree schools in Sao Paulo. Project: Based on peer-system working through group dynamics techniques, broaching sexuality, specialized i
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. We.C.205)
Bartelli D, VanDevanter N, Litwak E, Fullilove M; University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, NJ. Fax: 201-982-7128. E-mail: bartelli@umdnj.edu.
Urban adolescent women in New York City are increasingly vulnerable to STDs and HIV infection. There is an urgent need to better understand factors which influence sexual decision-making in this population. Such data is essential to the development of effective interventions for STD/HIV prevention. Project: A se
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:33 (abstract no. We.C.206)
Positano K, Vardy G; Vardy G
Street-involved youth are characterized by personal histories of neglect or abuse, homelessness, limited employment skills, and increased vulnerability to numerous health related risks, including AIDS. The rate of HIV infection for the general population in Canada is .003%. For street youth, the rate is 2.2%, al
Objectives: Current phase III trials are designed to assess only a vaccine candidate s ability to reduce susceptibility to infection or disease, i.e., vaccine efficacy for susceptibility (VES). HIV vaccination, however, may reduce infectiousness of vaccines who become infected. This could produce an important indirect
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. We.C.211)
Chinaworapong S, Buapunth P, Morgan P, Chiu J, Yutabootr Y, Sontirat A, Khamboonruang C, Nitayaphan S, Michael RA; AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand. Fax: 66-2-245-0582. E-mail: rmichael@mozart.inet.co.th.
Objectives: To define motives of potential volunteers for a Phase I/II HIV-1 vaccine trial in Thailand and to define and document reasons for failure of potential volunteers to complete pre-trial screening and successfully enroll in a vaccine trial. Methods: Recruitment for a phase I/II HIV-1 vaccine trial was conducte
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. We.C.212)
Bartholow BN, MacQueen K, Douglas J, Buchbinder S, McKirnan D, Judson F; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. E-mail: bnb1@cidhiv1.em.cdc.gov.
Objective: To prospectively evaluate the willingness of homosexual men to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Methods: From January 1993 to July 1994, 2191 men from Chicago, Denver, and San Francisco were enrolled in the study. As of May 1995, 1267 men completed baseline (BL), 6-, 12-, and 18-month interviews.
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:34 (abstract no. We.C.213)
Ippolito TM, Francis DP, Migasena S, Pitisuttitham P, Savarese B, Fast P; Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA. Fax: 415-225-3957. E-mail: ippolito.tina@gene.com.
Issues: Assessing clinical safety of an experimental HIV-1 vaccine is critical because a large number of people will eventually receive the vaccine. In blinded clinical trials, defining the relationship between observed adverse events (AEs) and the vaccine is challenging because we do not know the expected rate of such
Issues In 1988, prevalence of HIV-1 infection among Bangkok IDUs in treatment increased from 1% to 40%. Despite available interventions, HIV transmission continues at an alarming rate. In response to this epidemic, efforts are underway to establish cohorts of persons at high risk for HIV infection for possible HIV-1 va
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. We.C.215)
Koblin BA, Metzger D, Sheon A, Critchlow C, Heagerty P; New York Blood Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 570-3385.
Objective: To assess the readiness of U.S. high-risk populations to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Methods: Data collected at baseline visit from 3272 gay men (GM)826 male IDUs346 female IDUs and 488 women at increased sexual risk but no IDU history (HxF) recruited in 7 cities of the Vaccine Preparedness S
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. We.C.220)
Khamboonruang C, Beyrer C, Natpratan C, Eiumtrakul S, Celentano DD, Nelson KE; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Fax: [66]53 221-849.
Objectives: To study HIV and STD incidence rates follow up rates risk factors for HIV infection HIV-1 viral subtypes and to develop infrastructure and human resources for intervention trials including HIV vaccines. Methods: In January 1995 we began enrolling and following 2 cohorts of HIV-1 at risk seronegative adults
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. We.C.221)
Grosskurth H, Munguti K, Todd J, Balira R, Mayaud P, ka-Gina G, Klokke A, Mosha F, Mabey D, Hayes R; AMREF Mwanza, Tanzania & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Objective: To identify risk factors associated with HIV seroconversion. Methods: Following an intervention trial to study the impact of STD control on HIV incidence over a 2-years period a nested unmatched case control study was performed involving all adults who seroconverted for HIV-1 infection and controls who were
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. We.C.222)
Van Hove D, Declercq E, Stroobant A; Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Brussels, Belgium. Fax: +322 640 50 10. E-mail: dirk.vanhove@epinov.ihe.be.
Introduction and objective: The European Concerted Action Project on the monitoring of HIV prevalence in sentinel populations of STD patients started in June 1990. In this surveillance system HIV prevalence has remained stable over time. However stable prevalence may not be a good public health indicator as it may hide
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:35 (abstract no. We.C.223)
Dia MC, Mboup S, Traore I, Siby T, Gueye-Ndiaye A, Marlink R, Essex M, Kanki P; Laboratoire Bacterio-Virologie CHU A LeDantec, Dakar, Senegal. Fax: 221.21.64.42. E-mail: mboups@dantec.dantec.sn.
Objectives: The measurement of HIV incidence is critical to our understanding the dynamics of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 spread in populations at-risk. These incidence estimates in high risk population cohorts will be necessary for future vaccine efficacy trials. Methods: Since 1985 we have prospectively studied 1790 registe
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:36 (abstract no. We.C.224)
Cleghorn FR, Jack N, Edwards J, Murphy J, Palace C, Mahabir B, O'Brien T, Bartholomew C, Blattner W; Univ. of MD at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD. Fax: 410/706-8645. E-mail: fcleghorn@umppal.ab.umd.edu.
Objective: To estimate HIV incidence rates in a population of heterosexual STD clinic attenders with a documented high prevalence of infection suitable for vaccine efficacy trials. Methods: Serial cross-sectional studies of HIV-1 prevalence; passive follow-up of recidivists; screening for early markers of infection; pr
Objectives: To assess and explain temporal changes in HIV prevalence and incidence among injection drug users (IDU) who attend the CACTUS-Montreal needle exchange. Methods: In a weekly 3-hour randomly chosen period IDU are asked to provide a dried blood spot by fingerprick or a saliva/gingival specimen for HIV antibody
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:36 (abstract no. We.C.226)
Edlin BR, McCoy CB, Word CO, Faruque S, Von Bargen JC, Holmberg SD; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA. Fax: 404/639-6118. E-mail: bxe2@cidhivl.em.cdc.gov.
Background: HIV is highly prevalent among smokers of crack cocaine in some areas because of their high-risk sex practices. HIV incidence rates among crack smokers however have not been measured. Methods: Crack smokers and nonsmokers aged 18-29 years were recruited from the streets of neighborhoods where drug use was pr
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:36 (abstract no. We.C.322)
Peckham C; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Child Health, London, UK. Fax: 44-171-813-8233.
The increasing numbers of women with HIV infection worldwide has serious implications for children as the large majority of infected children acquire HIV from mother-to-child transmission. The successful prevention of HIV in women through education the treatment of STD and possibly the use of female controlled barrier
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:36 (abstract no. We.C.330)
Loussert-Ajaka I, Delmas MC, Mandelbrot L, Bastian H, Benifla JL, Farfara I, de Vincenzi I, Saragosti S, Simon F, Brun-Vezinet F; Laboratoire de Virologie Hopital, Paris, France. Fax: 46 27 02 08.
Objective: To develop reliable methods for HIV-1 detection in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) using DNA and RNA PCR in pregnant women. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected in 43 HIV-1 infected pregnant women. PBMC DNA was detected by Amplicor (Roche Diagnostics Systems USA) and gag nested PCR. The genotype in PBMC w
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:36 (abstract no. We.C.331)
John G, Nduati R, Mbori-Ngacha D, Overbaugh J, Welch M, Richardson B, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Kreiss J; IARTP, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV-1 DNA in cervical and vaginal secretions of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women. Methods: Pregnant HIV-1 seropositive women enrolling in the Breastfeeding and Transmission of HIV-1 Study in Nairobi Kenya were evaluated with an interview and physical examinatio
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. We.C.332)
Ghys PD, Fransen K, Diallo MO, Ettiegne-Traore V, Maurice C, Hoyi-Adonsou YM, Kalish M, Brown T, Steketee R, Coulibaly IM, Greenberg AE, Laga M; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Fax: (225) 24-29-69.
Objectives: To study risk factors for cervico-vaginal (CV) HIV shedding in female sex workers (FSW) in Abidjan Cote d Ivoire and to determine the effect of STD treatment on CV HIV-1 shedding. Methods: At an initial visit to a confidential clinic in Abidjan consenting FSW were screened for HIV serum antibodies and class
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. We.C.333)
Mostad S, Welch M, Chohan B, Reilly M, Overbaugh J, Mandaliya K, Martin H, Nyange P, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss J; IARTP, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Objectives: Factors governing the infectivity of HIV-1 seropositive individuals are poorly understood. We conducted a study to characterize shedding of HIV-1 DNA in cervical and vaginal secretions of HIV-1 infected women. Methods: HIV-1 seropositive women attending an STD clinic in Mombasa Kenya underwent an int
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. We.C.334)
Speck CE, Coombs R, Koutsky L, Zeh J, Corey L, Hooton T, Ross S, Krieger J; Los Angeles, CA, USA. Fax: 818.564.3430. E-mail: cspeck@kpsc.org.
Objective: To define the determinants of HIV shedding in semen in a cohort of HIV-seropositive men. Methods: At each of up to three monthly visits 149 HIV+ men provided blood and semen specimens and were administered a brief behavioral questionnaire. To control for intra-subject correlations between outcomes and covari
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. We.C.335)
Dyer JR, Gilliam BL, Eron JJ, Fiscus SA, Vernazza P, Cohen MS; University of North Carolina, Div. of Infect. Dis., Chapel Hill, NC. Fax: 919-966-6714. E-mail: JRDyer@eworld.com.
Objective: To examine shedding of HIV-1 in semen. Methods: 52 HIV-1-seropositive subjects at varying stages of infection were studied. Viral shedding was measured using NASBA amplification of cell free RNA and by seminal cell HIV-1 culture. Patterns of HIV-1 RNA shedding were examined by quantitation in seminal and blo
Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12; 11:37 (abstract no. We.C.340)
Babu PG, Cassol S, Weniger BG, Myo TH, Zheng X, Delaney A, Ou CY; CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Fax: (404) 639-8616. E-mail: bgw2@nipl.em.cdc.gov.
Objective: Global genetic surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes is hampered by the biohazard of processing and the difficulties of shipping whole blood or cells from many developing country regions. Dried blood spots (DBS) on absorbent paper can be mailed unrefrigerated in sturdy paper envelopes with low biohazard risk. Metho
