Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:3 (abstract no. 11101)
Lusso P, Polo S, Nardese V, Prosperini E, De Santis C, Rizzi M, Bolognesi M;;; P2/P3 Laboratories-Dibit-San Raffaele, Scientific Inst., Milano, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To generate analogues of the HIV-suppressive C-C chemokine RANTES with reduced pro-inflammatory side-effects and enhanced antiviral activity for potential therapeutic use in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: The human RANTES cDNA was cloned from PHA-activated PBMC by PCR using primers that amplify the entire
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:3 (abstract no. 11104)
Arya S, Owais M, Davis-Warren A;;; National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA.
HIV has expropriated chemokine receptors to gain entry into the host cell, with M- and T-tropic viruses respectively using CCR5 and CXCR4 as co-receptors. This also subjects the virus to suppression by the natural ligand of these receptors. Indeed, C-C or beta and C-X-C or alpha chemokines inhibit HIV infection, presum
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:4 (abstract no. 11108)
Kemeny B, Nagy K, Horuath A;;; Natl Inst of Derm-Vener, Budapest, Hungary.
OBJECTIVES: CCR5 is a chemokine receptor and also serves as co-receptor for non-syncitia inducing, macrophage-tropic strains of HIV. It had been shown that a 32 base-pair deletion in the gene results in a severely truncated protein and leads to a partial resistance in HIV infection. As the majority of the sexually tran
BACKGROUND: It has been shown that chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, serve as the major coreceptors for T- and macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) isolate, respectively, and the natural ligands for CCR5, including MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta-, and RANTES, block macrophage-tropic but not T-tropic HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:4 (abstract no. 11111)
Dejucq N, Simmonds G, Hibbitts S, Clapham P;;; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: Non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) CCR5-using strains usually infect macrophages but not T cell lines. A variant of JR-CSF (called C3) selected for replication in the CD4+ T-cell lines Molt4 and SupT1 differed by a single amino-acid change in the V1 loop of gp 120 (Boyd et al., 1993). The aim of this study was th
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:4-5 (abstract no. 11112)
Naif H, Alali M, Li S, French R, Stewart G, Cunningham A;;; Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanism of infection of an HIV+ve person homozygous for CCR5 delta 32 and identification of co-receptors other than CCR5 that are used by isolated viruses. METHODS: The patient was repeatidly positive for HIV antibody by ELISA and western blot. Homozygosity for CCR5 delta 32 muta
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:5 (abstract no. 11113)
Sato H, Kato KK, Kodaka NK, Takebe YT;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 subtype E has phylogenetically distinct class of envelope sequence from HIV-1 subtype B, showing about 60% identity in amino acids of envelope V3 loop. We examined whether the subtype E V3 loop has a capacity to specify coreceptor use and MT2 tropism of virus in context of subtype B background. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:5 (abstract no. 11114)
Callebaut C, Blanco J, Krust B, Seddiki N, Muller S, Briand JP, Hovanessian AG;;; Institut Pasteur, Unite V.I.C., Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the distinct role of the V3 loop of gp120 in the binding of HIV particles to permissive CD4 positive cells. BACKGROUND: Neutralizing mAbs against the V3 loop, block the binding of HIV virions to permissive cells without affecting the potential capacity of gp120 to interact with CD4 (J. Virol.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:5 (abstract no. 11115)
Wang WK, Dudek T, Zhao YJ, Brumblay HG, Essex M, Lee TH;;; Harvard School of Health, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Several seven-transmembrane chemokine receptors were recently found to double as a coreceptor for a genetically diverse family of human and non-human primate lentiviruses. Paradoxically, the main region believed to be involved in coreceptor utilization was mapped to the hypervariable region 3, or V3, of gp1
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:5 (abstract no. 11116)
Naif H, Li S, Alali M, Wasr N, Cunningham A;;; Centre for Virus Research Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the tropism and replication characteristics of HIV-1 isolates derived from different tissues (brain, CSF, lung, and spleen) in human monocytes and in vitro cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Differential tropism and level of replication of these isolates was analysed in association
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:6 (abstract no. 11117)
Murakami T, Yamamoto N, Murakami T, Nakajima T, Waki M, Tamamura H, Fujii N;;; Depart. of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether anti-HIV peptide T22 specifically inhibits T cell line-tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 infection mediated by its coreceptor CXCR4. METHODS: We examined the effect of T22 on HIV-1 infection mediated by CD4- and coreceptor-expressing U87MG and HOS cells. Cell fusion assay was performed by cocul
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:6 (abstract no. 11118)
Trujillo JR, Meek B, Brain JD;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Infection of CD4+ T lymphoyctes by HIV-1 requires the presence of CD4 surface receptor. The specific domains on both gp120 and CD4 that are involved in this envelope-receptor interaction have been well defined. However, HIV-1 infects some cells that do not express CD4, including glial and colonic epithelial
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:6 (abstract no. 11119)
Dolei A, Biolchini A, Serra C, Curreli S, Gomes E, Ziccmeddu M, Dianzi F, Dolei A;;; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, Univ. Sassari, Italy.
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: It has been reported that beta-chemokines interfere in T lymphoid cells with the replication of monocytotropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 strains, but not with that of T-tropic strains, through their occupancy of the CCR5 receptor, used by M-tropic strains as co-receptor, and consequent perturbation of the
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:6 (abstract no. 11120)
Schwartz DH, Iyengar S, Hildreth JE, Mitchell JB;;; MMI, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: CD4 independent cultured HIV isolates have been described. Given the mutability of HIV-1 envelope, why do almost all isolates retain a requirement for dual receptor binding? Do similar requirements apply to gp120 induced chemotaxis? OBJECTIVES: To understand envelope-receptor interactions of HIV infection a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:6 (abstract no. 11121)
Chen SL, Lee SF, Hao HJ, Lauang LK;;; Institute of Biomedical Science, Taipei, Taiwan.
OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown that a proline substitution for the conserved leucine or isoleucine residues located in the leucine zipper-like heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41, whose feature is also conserved among a number of other viruses, renders viruses noninfectious and the envelope (Env) protein unable
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:7 (abstract no. 11122)
Williamson C, Brice B, Smit T, Thomas R, Louie L, Quillent C, van der Ryst E;;; SAIMR Virology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
OBJECTIVES: Resistance to HIV infection has been associated two CCR5 gene alterations, CCR5-delta 32 deletion and m303 mutation (Quillent et al., Lancet 1998, 351, 14-18), both of which render the protein non-functional. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the CCR-5 delta 32 deletion and m303 mutat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:7 (abstract no. 11123)
Silva MC, Rossini MA, Sabino EC;;; Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of 32pb deletion (delta 32 CCR5) in the beta-Chemokines receptors sequence in blood donnors in Sao Paulo city/ Brazil . DESIGN: Prevalence Study. METHODS: Amplification by PCR with primers that flank the coding region for the 32pb mutation in beta-Chemokines receptors CCR5 (delt
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:7 (abstract no. 11125)
Wainberg MA, Quan Y;;; McGill AIDS Center, Montreal, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To compare various form of wild-type (wt) and mutated recombinant reverse transcriptase (RT) molecules, containing drug-resistance-conferring mutations, in regard to pausing, processivity, and dissociation from an RNA template/primer. METHODS: The substitution of a glycine for glutamic acid at position 89 i
OBJECTIVES: To detect and characterize intracellular mechanisms which are able to inactivate integrated HIV genomes. METHODS: A human T-cell line CEM-CM3 (CBH) stably transfected with a single copy of an HIV construct was used. Instead of gag/pol genes the construct carries a marker gene (HPRT) for selection in HAT med
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:8 (abstract no. 11128)
Moja P, Cheynet V, Bourlet T, Mallet F, Lucht F, Pozzetto B, Genin C;;; Gimap University of St.-Etienene, France.
BACKGROUND: This study was performed to estimate the changes in levels of antibodies to reverse transcriptase during the course of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Sera from 89 HIV+ patients classified into 3 groups according to CD4+ cells counts, were analysed. Group 1: 30 patients with a CD4+ cells count higher than 500/mm3
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:8 (abstract no. 11129)
Karamov EV, Yudin AN, Evgen'ev MB, Abelian AV, Kornelayeva GV, Kozlova AV, Ulmasov KhA;;; Ivanovski Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: To study participation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in HIV-cell intimate relationships. METHODS: H9 lymphoblastoid cell line, infected with HIV-1 HTLV-IIIRF NIH 1983. Western blot with monoclonal antibodies against different families of human HSPs. Heat shock induction (heat treatment at 41.5 degrees C for
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:523 (abstract no. 111/31142)
Leandersson AC, Bratt G, Fredriksson M, Hinkula J, Sandstrom E, Wahren B;;; Smittskydds Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
BACKGROUND: In patients with HIV-infection there is an early loss and reduction in function of the CD4+ cells. Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) gives a reduction in viral load and increasing CD4 values in many patients. Few studies have been performed to determine the function of these new CD4+ cells. The
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:8-9 (abstract no. 11132)
Potash MJ, Krachmarov C, Bentsman G, Volsky DJ;;; St Lukes-Roosevelt/Columbia University, New York, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the requirement for mature HIV-1 for cell-cell virus transmission. METHODS: HIV-1 chronically infected cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the viral protease (PR) inhibitor, Ro 31-8959 ( saquinavir ), and transmission of HIV-1 by cell-free virus and by co-cultivation with uninfected
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:9 (abstract no. 11133)
Donovan RM, Friedman DA, Caceres HJ, Baxa DM, Bush CE, Markowitz NP;;; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitors (PIs) act as competitive inhibitors of the HIV viral protease. The objective of this study was to compare virucidal versus virustatic properties of the currently used PIs by examining the ability of immature HIV virions to mature, and the stability of RNA in immature virions. METHODS: He
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:9 (abstract no. 11134)
Wang CT;;;
OBJECTIVES: To identify a minimum HIV-1 gag coding sequence capable of particle assembly and release from mammalian cells. METHODS: We constructed a series of C-terminally truncated HIV gag mutants and mutants derived from combination of the C-terminal truncation mutants and a MA deletion (delta MA) mutant. The abiliti
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:9 (abstract no. 11135)
Cartier C, Sivard P, Tranchat C, Desgranges C, Boyer V;;; INSERM, Unite 271, Lyon, France.
BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed that two cellular protein kinases are incorporated into HIV-1 virions. One of those protein kinases is the ERK2 Mitogen-Activated protein kinase. We also detected the phosphorylation of the p24 capsid protein in the viral particles. OBJECTIVES: To study the role of p24 phosphorylat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:9 (abstract no. 11136)
Saman E, Ottevaere I, Vanden Haesevelde M, Cornelissen M, Devos K;;; Innogenetics, Gent, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: Expression of the HIV-1 gag gene in a Baculovirus insect system to generate particles which resemble the native viral core structure. Physical and immunochemical characterization of these structures. METHODS: The gag gene of the HIV-1 isolate Ant166 was introduced in the baculovirus expression vector pAcUW51
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:9 (abstract no. 11137)
Takahashi I, Takama M, Ushijima K, Nonomura Y, Hoshino H;;; Lab. EM. Teikyo Univ. Sch. Med., Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the role of cytoskeleton of HIV-infected cells that would play an important part to transport viral structural proteins during viral producing processes. METHODS: Lymphocyte strains (Molt-4/HTLV-III B, TALL-1/KB-1) and monocyte strains (U937/HTLV-III B) were used and fixed for the immuno-electron
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:10 (abstract no. 11138)
Wang JJ, Chiou CT, Chiang PH, Hortor B, Ratner L;;; Inst Biol & Anat, Natl Def Med Ctr, Taipei, ROC.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the components and localizations of viral proteins during HIV-1 assembly. DESIGN: Transfection of Gag protein p55G1 alone can form virion particles. Different constructs of Gag/Pol proteins were designed and expressed in human T cell lines. Intracellular trafficking of the components of virion p
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:10 (abstract no. 11140)
Rhodes D, Ashton L, Solomon A, Carr A, Cooper D, Kaldor J, Deacon N;;; Macfalane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Vic., Australia.
BACKGROUND: The lack of disease progression in a small number of people infected with HIV-1 has been attributed to defects in the nef/LTR region of several HIV strains. We assembled a group of 69 long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) to ascertain the frequency at which nef/LTR deletions occur in LTNPs and to screen for the
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:10 (abstract no. 11141)
Zhao Y, Elder RT, Yu M, Chen MZ;;; North Western Univ. Med. School, Chicago, IL, USA.
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Vpr plays an important role in pathogenesis as it activates viral replication and is involved in the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Expression of the HIV-1 vpr gene induces cell cycle G2 arrest and cell death in both human and fission yeast cells. The target for Vpr-induced cell cycle G2 arrest is t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:10 (abstract no. 11142)
Iwakura Y, Maiyao T;;; Institute of Medical, Tokyo Minatoku Shirokanede, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of a HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpr, on viral replication in vivo and AIDS pathogenesis, we generated transgenic mice carrying the vpr gene. METHODS: We produced transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 (NL4-3-2 strain) vpr under the control of the mouse CD4 promoter/enhancer. To examine whether V
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:10-1 (abstract no. 11143)
Rhodes D, Solomon A, Deacon N;;; Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Vic., Australia.
BACKGROUND: The Sydney Bloodbank Cohort (SBBC) is a unique collection of individuals infected with an attenuated HIV-1 virus from a common donor. Molecular characterisation of viruses from one recipient, C98, shows the loss of sequence from the nef/LTR region over time indicating continued evolution of the cohort virus
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:11 (abstract no. 11145)
Collette Y, Zauli G, Gibellini D, Secchiero P, Dutartre H, Olive D, Capitani S;;; University of Ferrara, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Many viruses have evolved genes encoding proteins which regulate cell death by apoptosis. The Nef protein from primate lentiviruses alters T cell development and signaling and provides a signal required for optimal viral replication and pathogenecity in vivo, possibly through interaction with cellular kinas
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:11 (abstract no. 11146)
Klein A, Kupfer B, Brackmann HH, Rockstroh JK, Kasper P, Matz B, Kaiser R;;; Institut F. Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Bonn, Germany.
BACKGROUND: In 1989/90 eight hemophilia B patients were clonally infected with HIV-1 from one lot of clotting factor concentrate. The evolution of these initially unique viral strains was observed and followed-up by analyses of several viral sequences (env-V3 and V1/2, vif, and gap-p17). OBJECTIVES: The divergent cours
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:11 (abstract no. 11147)
Saksena N, Wang B, Joswiak R;;; Retroviral Genetics Lab, Westmead Hospital WIHR CVR, NSW, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the role of defects in the Vpr gene in long-term non-progression of HIV disease 2. To determine the role of repair of defects and the positive selection of the Vpr gene in HIV disease progression DESIGN: Long-term non-progression of HIV disease was studied for the Vpr gene evolution and repair d
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:11-2 (abstract no. 11148)
Soler Claudin C, Gomez Roman VR, Basualdo Sigales MC;;; Unidad De Investigacion En Retrovirus H, Facultad de Quimica, SSA, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the variability of the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat s (LTR) derived from 17 patients at different stages of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Nested-PCR primers were designed to amplify fragments of the HIV-1 LTR from peripheral blood samples donated by 17 patients. LTR amplicons were purified and cloned in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:12 (abstract no. 11149)
Zverev V, Matsevich GR, Ryzhov KA, Borzykh OA, Sukhanova LL, Grinev AA, Goltsov VA;;; Institute of Viral Preparations, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: To study Nef gene product role in CD4 receptor degradation and HIV infection clinical manifestation. METHODS: PCR, RT-PCR, electrophoresis, ELISA , immunoblot, restriction analysis. RESULTS: While defining the primary structure of HIV-1 specific RNA and DNA of HIV infected of different infection stages by P
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:13 (abstract no. 11155)
Kaufmann GR, Cunningham P, Vizzard J, Carr A, Cooper DA;;; Center for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hosp, Sydney, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: The application of HAART in primary HIV-1 infection may prevent extensive HIV-1 replication and the subsequent spread of viral particles into all body compartments. We analyzed the influence of an early HAART on viral dynamics in patients with primary HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Decay rates of viral load, est
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:13 (abstract no. 11156)
De Wolf F, Weverling GJ, Lukashov VV, Prins G, Jurriaans S, Goudsmit J, Lange JM;;; Dept. of Human Retrovirology, AMC, Univ. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: 3-drug regimens with 2 nucleoside analogue HIV-RT inhibitors and 1 protease inhibitor has rapidly become standard of care for the treatment of HIV-infection. However, it is unlikely that this combination treatment exerts enough drug pressure on every single infected cell and thus may be limited in its anti-
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:13-4 (abstract no. 11157)
de Ronde A, Bouwhuis D, de Rooy ER, Maas G, de Boer R, Goudsmit G;;; Dept. of Human Retrovirology, AMC, Univ. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: Study of evolutio of zidovudine-resistant HIV-1 in a newly infected patient after virus transmission from a zidovudine treated patient in 1993. The recipient was not treated with zidovudine during the study period. BACKGROUND: Long-term fitness of reverse tranciptase (RT) has been adjusted to an intra-host e
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the ongoing viral replication in PBMCs (measure of the differences in the relative abundance of HIV-1 regulatory and structural mRNAs) of 30 patients at different stages of the infection and the proviral sequence variability. METHODS: We describe a cross sectional study of m
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:14 (abstract no. 11159)
Miller GG, Kushch AA, Glukhowa LA, Klimova RR, Titova IV, Pokidicheva LN;;; Inst of Virology, Moskow, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: The persistently infected T-lymphoblastoid cell lines are the manageable experimental models for in vitro studying molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the occurence and development of the persistent form of HIV infection and pave the way to controlling the foci of persistent HIV infection in peopl
OBJECTIVES: To study some events conserning of HIV-1 and HBV interaction in in vivo mixed infection. METHODS: The blood samples of HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis B were tested for HIV-1 proviral DNA level in PBMCs, HBV DNA level in plasma using a quantitative PCR, HIV-1 antigen p24 level in plasma by
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:14 (abstract no. 11161)
St Louis D, Gotte D, Sanders-Buell E, Salminen MO, Carr JK, McCutchan FE;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: The direct involvement of recombination in the generation of HIV-1 diversity has emerged from analysis of viruses from multiple geographic locales. The formation of RNA dimers within the virion is essential for the high level of recombination exhibited by Retroviruses. Sequences responsible for in vitro HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:14 (abstract no. 11162)
Wang B, Lal RB, Dwyer DE, Cunningham AL, Saksena NK;;; Retroviral Genetics Lab CVR, WIHR, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the biology and molecular viral strains (recombinant and non-recombinant) from HIV-1 co-infected and multiply exposed individual. DESIGN: Systematic study of viral sequences of different infecting strains, their replication kinetics on different cell types, and coreceptor usage by different strai
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:15 (abstract no. 11164)
Zolla-Pazner S, Gorny MK, Williams C, Nyambi PN, Vancott TC, Nadas A;;; V.A. Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA.
BACKGROUND: Vaccine development would be facilitated by identifying shared antigens of the HIV-1 envelope that induce protective immune responses, and by identifying immunologically defined subgroups of HIV-1 ( immunotypes ) which could be included in a polyvalent vaccine that would induce broad immunity. As a model fo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:15 (abstract no. 11165)
Saksena N, Ge YC, Hira S, Gharpure H, Bolton W;;; Retroviral Genetics Lab WIHR CVR, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: To molecularly and phylogenetically analyze HIV-1 strains from HIV-1 + HIV-2 coinfected individuals in India . DESIGN: Molecular study of HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfections in India. Apart from Thailand , India is the second country hardest hit by HIV epidemic, and is also unique in showing an efficien
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:16 (abstract no. 11168)
Sabino EC, Saez-Alquezar A, Barreto CC;;; Fundacao Pro-Sangue/HSP, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Since 1989, RT inhibitors have been provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to HIV-infected patients. Because monotherapy was predominantly used in the first years of the program, one should expect selection for RT-inhibitors resistant mutations. Hence, it is important to monitor the frequency of these
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:16 (abstract no. 11169)
Philpott S, Fang G, Chappey C, Anastos K, Tsoukos C, Burger H, Weiser B;;; Wadsworth Center, NYS Dept of Health, Albany 12208, USA.
BACKGROUND: To understand viral pathogenesis, vaccine design, and heterosexual and mother-to-child transmission we studied HIV-1 in the genital tract of women. Because HIV-1 RNA represents replicating virus, we developed a technique based on reverse transcription and long PCR to clone full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:16 (abstract no. 11171)
Gurtler L, Zekeng L, Eberle J, Brunn AV, Kaptue L;;; Pettenkofer Institut, University of Munchen, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To further characterize the diversity of HIV-1 group O strains and to build up their evolutionary tree compared to group M sequences. METHODS: Group O infected patients in Cameroun were identified by a screening algorithm with a HIV-1 + 2 + O Elisa on the first level, and an anti-HIV-1 competitive and gp41-O
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:16-7 (abstract no. 11172)
Santiago ML, Hafalla JC, Santiago EG, Manalo MA, Martin C, Cajimat MN, De Groot AS;;; Research Inst. for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Manila, Philippines.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antigenic and sequence diversity of the V3 loop region in viral isolates in the Philippines . DESIGN: Antisera from 44 HIV+ individuals in the Philippines were subjected to an enzymeimmunoassay (PEIA) using the MN (KRIHIGGPGRAFYTTK) and consensus E (TSITIGPGRVFYRTG) peptides then correlate
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:17 (abstract no. 11173)
Marsac D, Chaix ML, Letournevr F, Gomas E, Burgard M, Saragosti S, Rouzioux C;;; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hospital Necker, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between disease outcome in perinatally infected infants and evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A variants. PATIENTS: The samples were obtained from six transmitting african mothers and from their infected children selected from the French National Pediatric Coh
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:17 (abstract no. 11174)
Janssens W, Nkengasong J, Heyndrickx L, Vereecken K, Coppens S, Willems B, Van der Groen G;;; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: To determine over a ten year period the nucleotide sequence diversity within an individual infected with HIV-1 ANT70, and to verify the association with plasma viral load, CD4+ T cell counts, and syncytia induction on MT2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RT-PCR, cloning, sequencing, genetic and phylogenetic ana
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:17 (abstract no. 11175)
Fay F, Campodonico M, Del Pino N, Gonzales E, Taborda M, Fay O;;; CTSP National University Rosario, Argentina.
OBJECTIVES: To compare two commercial methods for HIV-1 viral load quantification and to correlate the differences with the viral subtypes present in the sample population. DESIGN: Prospective, blind study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood EDTA samples were obtained from 67 HIV-1 infected patients. Plasma HIV-1 viral load
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:17 (abstract no. 11176)
Smith TL, Van Rensburg EJ, Engelbrecht S;;; University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the neutralization of South African HIV-1 subtypes B, C, and D using sera obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS: Thirty-two sera from 25 patients were tested for their ability to neutralize HIVIIIB and 4 isolates representing subtypes B, C, D and a reco
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:17-8 (abstract no. 11177)
Salminen MO, Laukkanen T, Janssen W, Albert J, Leinikki PO, Carr J, McCutchan FE;;; Nat'l. Publ. Inst. HIV-Labotory, Helsinki, Finland.
BACKGROUND: Multiple genetic subtypes of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) have been found among internationally collected strains. Subtypes A through J comprise the prevalent, main (M) group and a small proportion of strains are group O (outlier). The recent identification of inter-subtype recombinants,
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:18 (abstract no. 11178)
Nyanbi PN, Gorny MK, Bastiani L, Williams C, Zolla-Pazner S;;; New York University Medical Center, V.A. Hospital, New York 10010, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to bind to intact HIV-1 virions of different clades in a newly developed virus-binding assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen human mAbs derived from HIV-1-infected persons were used, including five to the V3 loop, three to the CD4 binding domain (CD4b
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:18 (abstract no. 11180)
Vasquez-Valls E, De Quevedo JJ, Lopez-Marquez FC, Escoto-Delgadillo M, Campos-Lopez PI;;; Instituto Mexican Del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between the HIV-1 subtype B, sexual preferences and routes of transmission. METHODS: Clinical histories and blood samples were obtained from 308 HIV seropositives, 194 men and 114 women, they were classified in order to their sexual preference and route of HIV transmission.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:18 (abstract no. 11181)
McCutchan FE, Birx DL;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
BACKGROUND: The identification of globally prevalent HIV-1 strains is an important element of HIV-1 diagnosis, therapy and prevention. The pandemic is composed of multiple subtypes and a variety of inter-subtype recombinant forms that are not easily distinguished by partial genome sequencing. An increasing proportion o
OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of genetic subtypes of HIV-1 strains in different regions of Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from HIV-1-seropositive TB patients in all the TB outpatient clinics in the interior of Cote d Ivoire including Abengourou (n =
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:19 (abstract no. 11183)
Diaz RS, Zanotto P, Mayer AJ, Busch MP, Holmes E;;; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Two distinct viral populations from unrelated blood donors (D1 and D2) were transfused into a single infant (DR) and shown to undergo dual infection as we previously described. Red cells from the 2 infected donors also each singly infected two other infant recipients (R1, R2). Here, we continue the analysis
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the molecular characteristic of HIV-1 subtype E involved in vertical transmission, especially the genetic diversity of V3 sequences of proviral DNA in mother-infant pairs. METHODS: Blood specimens were collected from 17 HIV-1 mother-infant pairs during 1994-1995. The first blood collections were
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:19 (abstract no. 11185)
Ibanez A, Martinez MA, Puig T, Bonjoch A, Ruiz L;;; Fundacio Irsi-Caixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
BACKGROUND: To assess whether protease genomic fluctuations after indinavir therapy modify the env distribution of variants, we analysed the viral sequence evolution of the C2-V3 env and protease genes within four infected patients. METHODS: Viral RNA from plasma samples obtained at the beginning of treatment and after
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:19 (abstract no. 11186)
Carr JK, Salminen MO, Albert J, Birx D, McCutchan FE;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 in Africa has been studied in detail with partial sequencing of the genome. Subtype A, probably the most abundant subtype in Africa, has recombined extensively with other subtypes and is difficult to understand using partial sequencing. It is now more feasible to do full-lengt
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:20 (abstract no. 11188)
Songok EM, Ichimura H, Tukei PM, Kakimoto K, Orege P, Sakagami N, Kurimura T;;; Virus Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the HIV-1 subtypes in various risk groups and different locations in Kenya . DESIGN: Cross sectional molecular epidemiological study. METHODS: Blood samples were collected in Western Kenya (Kisumu) and Nairobi from antenatal clinic attendees (368), patients with STDs (326), HIV+ children born to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:20 (abstract no. 11189)
Brennan C, Hackett J, Vallari A, Zekeng L, Gurtler L, Kaptue L, Devare SG;;; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago IL 60064, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the HIV genetic subtypes present in Cameroon and to evaluate viral sequence variation. METHODS: Plasma was collected from asymptomatic blood donors in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon and screened for HIV infection using a variety of serologic assays. Total nucleic acid was extracted from the serop
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:20 (abstract no. 11190)
Meyerhans A, Kils-Huetten L, Plikat U;;; Dept. Virology, University Freiburg, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the driving forces of HIV-1 evolution in vivo. DESIGN: Longitudinal and cross-sectional comparison of virological and immunological parameters of the index patients with other infected persons and uninfected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intra- and interpatient HIV-1 sequences coding for
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:20 (abstract no. 11191)
Heyndrickx L, Jassens W, Vereecken K, Coppens S, Fransen K, Ndumbe P, Van der Groen G;;; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: Study of the prevalence and variability of HIV-1 strains circulating in the general population or belonging to different risk groups, in different regions of Cameroon in 1996 and 1997. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period November 1996-April 1997 Cameroonian serum samples were collected in 8 different geogra
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:20-1 (abstract no. 11192)
Morgado M, Guimaraes ML, Neves Junior I, Campos-Mello DL, Grinsztejn B, Linhares-de-Carvalho MI, Bongertz V;;; IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To survey HIV diversity in Brazil and try to evaluate the potential implications of HIV-1 infection with non-B subtypes in the immunological, clinical and virological correlates to progression. METHODOLOGY: HIV-1 infected individuals were recruited from January 1993 to December 1996 from several cohorts in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:21 (abstract no. 11193)
Murphy G, Belda FJ, Clewely JP, Parry JV;;; Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: Assignation of HIV-1 samples to specific subtypes is important for diagnosis, disease monitoring, treatment and vaccine development. OBJECTIVE: To correlate subtype specific serotyping and genotyping, and investigate discordant results. METHOD: We compared the ability of a peptide-based serotyping assay to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:21 (abstract no. 11194)
Ray S, Lole KS, Paranjape RS, Kulkarni S, Gadkari D, Sheppard H, Bollinger RC;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: The development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine is likely to depend on knowledge of circulating variants of genes other than the commonly-sequenced gag and env. In addition, full-genome data are particularly limited for HIV-1 subtype C, currently the most commonly transmitted subtype in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:21 (abstract no. 11195)
Hackett J Jr, Brennan CA, Yamaguchi J, Lund JK, Gurtler L, Zekeng L, Devare SG;;; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 isolates have been classified into two major phylogenetic groups designated M and O. The extent of genetic divergence between HIV-1 group M and group O isolates has raised concerns related to the sensitivity of detection of group O infections. In the present study, we examine the degree of genetic vari
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:21 (abstract no. 11196)
Grinde B, Hungnes O, Jonassen TO;;; National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the epidemiological relationship in a case where the only risk factor reported was the sharing of shaving utensils. BACKGROUND: The presumed male index case had visited Africa previous to a stay for some months in Norway . Samples from him was not available, but we obtained samples from two short
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:21 (abstract no. 11197)
Lukashov V, Goudsmit J;;; University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Human Retrovirology, The Netherlands.
Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the considerable genetic variation within each HIV-1 subtype is a result of an intrasubtype diversification of a more recent date than the separation of HIV-1 subtype lineages. Two issues concerning the history of HIV-1 subtypes are still unresolved: (i) when did lineages of HIV-1 s
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:22 (abstract no. 11198)
Soler Claudin C, Carmen J, Rosales G;;; Unidad de Investigacion En Retrovirus Fac. Quimica Unam/Indre SSA, Tomas, Mexico.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the results of genetic subtyping of HIV by the env heteroduplex mobility assay (envHMA) and by gagPCR-FLP. METHODS: DNA isolated from HIV-infected individuals PBMC s was used to amplify the gag and env regions. For envHMA, the Heteroduplex, Mobility Analysis version 2 kit, donated by the NIH Refe
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:22 (abstract no. 11199)
Diaz RS, Zanotto P, Mayer A, Busch MP, Holmes E;;; Dipa, EPM, Unifesp, R Botucata, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Before blood donations were routinely screened for HIV, two distinct viral populations from unrelated blood donors (D1, D2) infected a multiply-transfused newborn infant (DR). This dual infection resulted in re-combination between the two infecting viral strains (J Virol 1995; 69: 3273). Here, we continue t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:22 (abstract no. 11200)
Rabinovich R, Marquina S, Gutson D, Libonatti O;;; University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE: To study possible restrictions of preferential mutations imposed by overlapping open reading frames and the conservation of HIV-1 RNA secondary structure stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All possible G-->A and A-->G substitutions were simulated one at each time on nucleotide sequence of the env gen of HIVMN
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:22 (abstract no. 11201)
Choe KW, Oh MD, Kim JW, Shin DH, Park SW, Shin HS, Park KH;;; Dept. Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
BACKGROUND: To determine the subtypes of HIV-1 in Korean patients with advanced AIDS, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of HIV proviral DNA and constructed a phylogenetic tree. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 19 patients with AIDS who were referred from all over the country. D
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:22 (abstract no. 11202)
Loureiro R, Casseb JS, Bongertz V, Asquidanini S, Bet E, Silveira VL, Dias CS;;; Sao Paulo State University, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Brazil is the largest country in the South America and reports the majority of AIDS cases reported in the region (116389-1980 to 08/30/1997). Rio Grande do Sul is the southeast state in Brazil and has the third number of AIDS cases and the most prevalence of HIV/AIDS among women of all Country. The large la
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:22-3 (abstract no. 11203)
el Aquad R, el Harti E, Amzazi S, Himmich H, Gluckman JC, Simon F, Benjouad A;;; Institut National D'Hygiene, IBN Batouta B.P. 769 Rabat, Morocco.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the HIV1 subtypes circulating in Morocco , which is located between Western Europe countries and South African countries where the patterns of HIV1 subtypes are different. METHODS: 200 sera HIV 1 positive of Moroccan patients living in representative geographic areas of Morocco, were studied
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:23 (abstract no. 11204)
Khanina T, Selimova LM, Serebrovskaya LV, Kravchenko AV, Pokrovsky VV;;; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate Russian HIV-1 subtype B isolate with unusual V3 loop. METHODS: The patient RU0025 was a homosexual male living in Moscow. He was tested HIV-1-positive in December 1991. Owing to disease progression patient accepted AZT therapy continually from May 1992. In June 1995, periferal blood mononuc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:23 (abstract no. 11206)
May J, Berry NJ, Ariyoshi K, Whittle H, Mttchell M, Balfe P, Loomis-Price L;;; Department of Virology, UCLMS, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests that progression to AIDS following infection with HIV-2 is slower than for HIV-1, however, atypical cases of relatively rapid progressing cases of HIV-2 infection have been observed in The Gambia . The nature of the humoral responses directed at the envelope glycoprotein of
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:23 (abstract no. 11207)
Soriano V, Machuca A, Gutierrez M, Aguilera A, Caballero E;;; Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the main characteristics of subjects with HIV-2 infection reported in Spain up to 31 December 1997, examining case report forms from the HIV-2 National Registry database. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The HIV-2 Spanish Study Group was founded in 1990, and includes participants from more than 30 diagnost
OBJECTIVES: HERV-K is a moderately repetitive endogenous Retrovirus family in the genomes of primates and humans. It codes for the Retrovirus-like particles HTDV detected in human teratocarcinoma cell lines. HTDV/HERV-K is related to D-type Retroviruses. However HERV-K expresses a protein-cORF-that has no counterpart i
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:24 (abstract no. 11209)
Gutierrez M, Machuca A, Soriano U, Tuset C, Merino F, Ortiz L;;; Service Microbiology, ISC-III, Madrid, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the main characteristics of subjects with HTLV-II infection reported in Spain up to 31 December 1997, examining case report forms from the HTLV National Registry database. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The HTLV Spanish Study Group was founded in 1991, and includes participants from 18 diagnostic centers
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:24 (abstract no. 11210)
Kestens L, Ondoa P, Vereecken K, McKnight A, Dittmar MT, Davis D, Heeney JL, Van der Groen G;;; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: To follow-up the systemic immune activation in SIV cpz-ant infected chimpanzees in relation to co-receptor usage. DESIGN: Prospective controlled study. METHODS: Systemic immune activation has been studied longitudinally in a naturally infected (Ch-No) and an experimentally infected (Ch-Ni) chimpanzee for 10
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:24 (abstract no. 11211)
Nyambi P, Beirnaert E, Dayaraj C, Kengasong J, Zolla-Pazner S, Van der Groen G;;; VA Medical Center, New York, NY 1001-5050, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between syncytium induction in MT2 cells and coreceptor usage of primary HIV-1 isolates, and to determine their susceptibility to neutralization by homologous and heterologous polyclonal sera. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen HIV-1 isolates, 13 from group M (subtypes A-H) and three fro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:260 (abstract no. 11/21107)
Philpott S, Burger H, Charbonneau T, Grimson R, Nachman S, Kovacs A, Weiser B;;; Wadsworth Center, NYS Dept of Health, Albany 12208, USA.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have identified a human gene which plays a role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The gene codes for CCR-5, the co-receptor for macrophage tropic strains of HIV-1, and a homozygous deletion in this gene confers a high degree of natural resistance to sexual and parenteral transmission of H
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:24 (abstract no. 11212)
Nagai Y, Ohgimoto S, Shioda T, Mori K, Nkayama EE, Hu H;;; Dept. of Viral Infection, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To know the role of each N-linked oligosaccharide in infectivity of SIVmac239. METHODS: Twenty-three mutant SIVmac239 constructs each lacking one of the 23 N-linked oligosaccharide chains in the gp120 envelope protein were generated according to the standard in vitro mutagenesis method. Mutant viruses were
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:24-5 (abstract no. 11213)
La Font B, Riviere Y, Gloeckler L, Beyer C, Hurtrel B, Kirn A, Aubertin AM;;; Unite Inserm 74-Institut de Virologie, Strasbough, France.
The inoculation of rhesus macaques with Simian immunodeficency Viruses (SIV) results in a persistent infection leading to an AIDS like disease. However several molecularly cloned SIV were reported to be highly attenuated. Among them SIVmacBK28 derived from the pathogenic SIVmac251 isolate can be used to identify virule
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:25 (abstract no. 11215)
Markham RB, Khanna KV, Whaley K, Zeitlin L, Ford D;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To develop an animal model of vaginal transmission of HIV-1 which can be used to study mechanisms of transmission and intervention strategies. METHODS: Using a SCID-Hu-PBL mouse model of HIV-1 infection, we studied hormonal status, the necessity for cell-associated virus, and viral phenotype as variables in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:25 (abstract no. 11216)
Biberfeld P, Castanos-Velez E, Heiden T, Ekman M, Lawrence J, Tribukait B, Biberfeld G;;; Immunopathology Lab., Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
A simian analogue to human AIDS was induced in cynomolgus monkeys injected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm). Approximately 40% of the animals developed disseminated high grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma (sARL). Studies of 24 such lymphomas showed that all were extranodal, high grade malignant, of B-cell o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:25 (abstract no. 11217)
Allan J, Broussard S, Leighton KL, Ahuja S, Staprans S, Feinberg M;;; SW Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare host and viral specific parameters in SIVagm infected African green monkeys and rhesus macaques for clues in understanding differences in their susceptibility to SIV pathogenesis. METHODS: Quantitative competitive RT-PCR was used to determine viral load in plasma and CSF of infected monkeys. In a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:25-6 (abstract no. 11218)
Agy MB, Thompson J, Grant RF, Coon EM, Finn EE, Kennedy BJ, Morton WR;;; Univ. of WA Regional Primate Research Center, Seattle 98195, USA.
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: To develop an acutely pathogenic SHIV isolate to be used as a macaque challenge virus in vaccine and drug efficacy studies and to gain insight into the host restrictions of the primate lentiviruses. The SHIV used in these studies was originally described by Li et al. (1992) and contains env, t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:26 (abstract no. 11219)
Bernardin F, Beyer C, Gloeckler L, Gut JP, Einius S, Kirn A, Aubertin AM;;; Unite Inserm 74-Institute de Virologie, Strasbourg, France.
BACKGROUND: Chimeric lentiviruses (SHIV) composed of SIVmac239 (gag, pol, vif, vpr and vpx) and HIV (env, tat, rev and vpu) have become relevant to mimic HIV infection in non human primates. To validate this model, we characterized virological and immunological markers during infection of macaques. METHODS: Three Chine
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:26 (abstract no. 11220)
Lebel-Binay S, Vaslin B, Gigout L, Le Grand R, Fradelizi D, Dormont D;;; CEA Service de Neurovirologie DSV-DRM, Fontenay, AUX Roses, France.
BACKGROUND: Phenotypical and functional analysis of peripheral T lymphocytes from 10 macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. METHODS: Ten cynomolgus macaques were inoculated i.v. with 4 AID50 of a pathogenic SIVmac251 isolate. A group of non-infected cynomolgus macaques in the same range of age and same origin wa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:26 (abstract no. 11221)
Neildez O, Le Grand R, Caufour P, Cheret A, Matheux F, Vaslin B, Dormont D;;; CEA Service de Neurovirologie DSV/DRM, Fontenay AUX Roses, France.
OBJECTIVES: Viral populations recovered from sexually infected individuals are genotypically and phenotypically homogeneous during primary infection. They often represent minor variants from the related transmitters. However, it is uncleared whether this selection of transmitted viruses is due to a quasispecie compartm
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:26 (abstract no. 11222)
Cheret A, Le Grand B, Caufour P, Neildez O, Matheux F, Vaslin B, Dormont D;;; CEA Service De Neurovirologie DSV/DRM, Fontenay AUX Roses, France.
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine whether there is a temporal sequence linking SIV replication and dissemination, the chemokine RANTES and chemokine receptor CCR5 expressions in different tissues during acute infection of macaques inoculated intravenously with a pathogenic primary isolate of SIVmac251. These express
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:26-7 (abstract no. 11223)
Fultz P;;; University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether IV or mucosal inoculation of chimpanzees with a mixture of subtype B and E HIV-1 strains results in persistent infection by both strains and whether one strain predominates. DESIGN: Equal infectious units of the HIV-1 subtype B strain LAI (IIIB) and subtype E strain 90CR402 (E402) were
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:27 (abstract no. 11224)
Gigout L, Lebel-Binay S, Vaslin B, Le Grand R, Dormont D;;; Service De Neurovirologie, DSV/DRM/IPSC, Fontenay AUX Roses, France.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to characterize the early immune responses in blood and lymph nodes after inoculation of cynomolgus macaques with a pathogenic virus. We have thus investigated proliferative responses, cytokine expression and T cell phenotyping. METHODS: Four cynomolgus macaques were inoculated i.v. with 4 AID50 of
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:27 (abstract no. 11225)
Caufour P, Le Grand R, Cheret A, Neildez O, Matheux F, Vaslin B, Dormont D;;; CEA Service De Neurovirologie DSV/DRM, Fontenay AUX Roses, France.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to analyse and characterize lymphocyte recruitment and chemokine secretion in mononuclear cells obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BALMCs) during the acute infection of macaques with an attenuated nef-deleted SIV or a full pathogenic SIVmac 251. METHODS: Two groups of cynomolgus macaques were i
Despite years of intense study the precise reasons for the demise of the immune system characteristic of HIV infection of humans and SIVmac infection of monkeys remains unknown. The viruses SIVagm and SIVsm, both of which have been shown to cause immunodeficiency in heterologous species, do not induce disease in their
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:27 (abstract no. 11227)
Ichimura H, Iida TI, Kuwata TK, Ui MU, Shimada TS, Imanashi JI, Hayami MH;;; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of apoptosis in AIDS development, we have longitudinally analyzed apoptosis of lymphocytes in SIVmac-infected macaques. Here we report the changes in apoptosis induction and Fas, antigen expression in lymphocytes in the SIVmac-infected macaques during the first 4 weeks post infection
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:27-8 (abstract no. 11228)
Shinohara K, Sakai K, Takahashi E, Nakasone T, Ami Y, Ando S, Someya K, Yoshimo N, Sasaki Y, Suzaki Y, Yichen L, Yamazaki S, Honda M;;; AIDS Research Center, NIID Tokyo, Japan.
There is no established pathogenic SHIV model in cynomolgus monkeys. We developed a SHIV-cynomolgus monkey model using a new chimeric SHIV-C2/1 virus. SHIV-C2/1, a chimeric SIVmac239 expressing env gene of a pathogenic HIV-1 isolate 89.6, was obtained after serial in vivo passages of SHIV-89.6 in rhesus monkeys and cyn
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:28 (abstract no. 11229)
Gichuki CW, Karanja SM, Ngure RM, Kamau DM, Otsyula MG;;; Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya.
During routine quarantine check up for monkeys to be used for trypanosomosis studies, 17 of 42 trapped vervet monkeys were found to be antibody and virus positive for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). A study was then set up to investigate the role of SIV-trypanosome co-infection on disease progression and subsequen
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:28 (abstract no. 11230)
Mavoungou E, Poaty-Mavoungou V;;; CIRMF, France Ville, Gabon.
Cynomolgus monkey are susceptible to infection with select simian immuno-deficiency virus (SIV). To date, the precise sequence of events following gp120-CD4 interaction, induced the conformational change, and those preceding fusion, are unknown. We investigated the early interactions between SIV envelope glycoproteins
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:28 (abstract no. 11231)
Figueiredo JF, Figueiredo LT, Sauaia CR, de Oliveira EC, Romao E, Da Silva FL, Rodrigues ML;;; Faculty of Medicine Rib Preto-US P FM R PUS P, Ribeirao Preto SP, Brasil.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the long-term course of intraocular lesions experimentally induced by human CMV in normal and immunossupressed rabbits, in order to obtain an animal model of CMV retinitis. DESIGN: A prospective, experimental study. METHODS: Group 1--single doses of CMV (in three different titers--10(2.5)TCID
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:519-20 (abstract no. 112/31124)
Rinaldo C, Huang XL, Fan Z, Liebmann J, McMahon D, Riddler S, Mellors J;;; Univ. of Pittsburgh, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate memory anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLm) responses in patients treated for over 2 yr with combination drug therapy in the Merck 035 clinical trial. METHODS: We studied CTLm responses to Gag, Pol and Env in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:28 (abstract no. 11232)
Makuwa M, Georges-Gourbot MC, Lu CY, Dubreuil G, Marx PA, Georges AJ;;; Centre International de Recherches Medicals (CIRMF) Franceville, Gabon.
OBJECTIVE: A new virus SIVrcm was isolated in a red capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) from Central Africa. An experimental study was done to evaluate the ability of SIVrcm in infecting macaque monkeys. As red capped mangabey is closely related to sooty mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus atys), we made an att
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:29 (abstract no. 11234)
Utsunomiya T, Kobayashi M, Pollard RB, Ito M, Suzuki F;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0835, USA.
OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that type 2 T cell responses (T2 responses) play an important role in the pathogeneses of Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection in immunocompromized hosts. A predominance of T2 responses has been shown in MAIDS mice. As the modulatory activity of glycyrrhizin (GR) on the differentiati
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:29 (abstract no. 11235)
Suzuki F, Furukawa K, Sasaki H, Pollard RB;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
OBJECTIVE: C. neoformans, a common opportunistic fungal pathogen, has been shown as a serious pathogenic organism in patients with AIDS. Even with aggressive chemotherapy, the high mortality rates of AIDS patients infected with C. neoformans have persisted. In the present study, the effects of a new antifungal drug, la
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:29 (abstract no. 11236)
Lamprecht J, Bouic P, Freestone M, Austin M;;; Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
BACKGROUND: The results of a small pilot study treating FIV infected domestic cats with capsules containing a combination of BSS (Betasitosterol) and BSSG (Betasitosterol glucoside) in the naturally occurring ratio supported the anecdotal success of an African folk remedy and the results of vitro studies with HIV. A co
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:29 (abstract no. 11237)
Rodrigues M de L, Morales MS, Ventura L, Esousa SJ, Neto JC, Souza NV, Figueiredo JF;;; Fac. Medicina Ribeirao Preto (FMRP-USP), Laboratorio Fisica Oftalmica FMRP-USP, Brasil.
OBJECTIVES: To detect possible changes in the corneal endothelium at different times after subconjunctival DHPG injection. DESIGN: A prospective, masked, experimental study. METHODS: The study was conducted on 24 eyes of 12 rabbits who received 8 mg of DHPG diluted in 0.16 ml distilled water in one eye and the same vol
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:30 (abstract no. 11240)
Leborgne S, Michel ML, Aubertin AM, Dormont O, Reviere Y, Le Grand R;;; Institut Pasteur Unite V.I.C., Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the role of HIV specific immune response induced by a DNA based vector a HIV-1 V3 epitope fused with a carrier antigen. BACKGROUND: DNA immunization offers a novel mean to induce humoral and cellular immunity in inbred or in outbred animals, by mimicking natural viral infection. A DNA
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:30 (abstract no. 11241)
Patterson J, Alrich KM, Robey FA, Robert-Guroff M;;; NIH NCI DBS BRL, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
To improve the immunogenicity of HIV and SIV subunit proteins, we are developing novel alternatives, including an alpha-helical, polymeric peptide (peptomer) derived from the CD4 binding region of HIV-1 or SIV envelope. Not only is this site highly conserved among HIV and SIV strains, it also contains T helper, B, and
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze both kinetics and persistence of CTL response in macaques and mice immunized with alvac-HIV (vCP205) expressing gp120-MN LAI, gag-LAI and pro-LAI antigens. METHODS: Two groups of 4 cynomolgus macaques were inoculated 3 times with alvac-HIV (vCP205) administered either by
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:31 (abstract no. 11243)
Callet C, Jourdier TM, Moulin JC, el Habib R, Trannoy E;;; Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Marcyl'etoile, France.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the capacity of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) expressing HIV antigens to raise specific CTL response in vivo. Canarypox virus expressing gp120MN-TM LAI, gag-LAI and pro-LAI antigens was used to infect PBMCs ex vivo prior to intravenous reinjection. METHODS: Six cynomolgus
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:31 (abstract no. 11244)
Lu Y, Pauza DC, Letvin N, Sodroski J, Miller CJ;;; Institute for International Vaccine Dev., Cambridge, MA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To develop different SHIV challenge viruses with different infectivity to macaque monkeys that can be used to test potential efficacy of HIV-1 vaccine candidates. DESIGN: Characterizing the infectivity and pathogenesis of a group of different SHIV in rhesus monkeys by intravenous, intravaginal or intrarecta
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:61 (abstract no. 114/12247)
Vigano A, Clerici M, Bricalli D, Saresella M, Difabio S, Principi N, Vella S;;; Clinica Pediatrica IV Universita Milano, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze restoration of immune competence and viral suppression in plasma in vertically HIV-infected children receiving potent antiRetroviral therapy. METHODS: Nineteen HIV-infected, previously antiRetroviral-experienced (ZVD, ZVD + ddl) children (mean age 9.6, range 5.5-13.2 years), with clinical symptom
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:530 (abstract no. 115/31177)
McElrath J, Malhotra U, Musey L, Berry M, Huang Y, Corey L;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
OBJECTIVES: The ultimate failure of CTL to control HIV-1 infected persons may result from the inability of CD4+ T cells to provide help for these effector activities. To determine if viral suppression can improve HIV-1-specific cellular immunity, we prospectively examined T cell function in patients with acute HIV-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:529 (abstract no. 116/31170)
Burgisser P, Hammann C, Kaufmann D, Frei PC;;; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospital Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVES: To relate plasma viral load with CD28 or CD38 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes at baseline and during antiRetroviral therapy ( ddI + d4T +/- hydroxyurea, d4T+RTV+SQV, or 2 NRTIs + 1 PI). BACKGROUND: CD8+CD28- T cells are terminally differentiated effec
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:31 (abstract no. 12102)
Boubaker K, Bally F, Vogel G, Meuwly JY, Glauser MP, Telenti A;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzeland.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between treatment with indinavir (IND) and change in renal function. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all adults (n = 106) from an HIV unit who started IND after June 96. RESULTS: A mean CR increase from baseline of 13.6% was observed for the whole cohort (95% CI, 9-18%).
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:31 (abstract no. 12103)
Urasa PL;;; Mawenzi Regional Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the felt needs of AIDS orphans and asses. Community response towards caring of the Orphans. METHODOLOGY: Focus group discussions with guardians, Community members and older orphans, on their views and experiences on the needs and support offered to the Orphans. The attitude of the Community towa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:32 (abstract no. 12104)
Benfield T, Mocroft S, Vella S, Chiesi A, Miller V, Kosmiosis J, Phillips AN, Lundgren JD;;; Dept. Infectious Diseases, Hvidouvre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the death rates of patients with HIV in 6 month periods between 1994 and 1997, overall and according to minimum CD4 lymphocyte count, and to determine to what extent changes in treatment explain the changing death rates. DESIGN: A pan-European prospective observational study of 4,491 patients w
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:32 (abstract no. 12105)
Heiken H, Becker S, Stoll M, Batisch I, Schimidt RE;;; Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
BACKGROUND: CCR5 has been identified as an important cofactor for infection with macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Heterozygosity for a 32-basepair deletion (532) in the CCR5 gene is associated with delayed disease progression in HIV-1-infected patients and might be used as an additional prognostic parameter. There is evidence
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:32 (abstract no. 12106)
Lundgren JD, Miller V, Mocroft A, Stergiou G, Reiss P, Katzenstein T, van Lunzen J, Phillips AN;;; Eurosida, Dept. Inf. D55, (144), Hvidoure Univ. Hospital.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of disease progression in patients with current CD4 cell counts > 200/mm3 stratified according to the lowest CD4 cell count previously experienced. DESIGN AND METHODS: The EuroSIDA cohort enrolled patients with
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:32 (abstract no. 12107)
el-Sadr W, Baldwin H, Wilson E, Francis C;;; Harlem Hospital/Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Primary care physicians can play an important role in the prevention of transmission of HIV and in its early detection and appropriate management. We conducted this study to assess the HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices among community-based primary care physicians in high AIDS case rate minority communi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:32-3 (abstract no. 12108)
Alliegro MB, Cozzilepri A, Sinicco A, Pezzotti P, Rezza G;;; COA-Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of HBV infection on the natural history of HIV infection. DESIGN: Prospective study of HIV-positive individuals with known dates of HIV seroconversion (SC). METHODS: 156 individuals were followed for a median of 1.6 years (range: 0.1-10.0) and tested for HBV markers at SC and then abo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:33 (abstract no. 12109)
Kreuzer KA, Rockstrom JK, Kupfer B, Spengler U;;; Dpt. of Medicine, Univ. of Bonn, FRG.
The hypothesis has been proposed that macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta and RANTES may play a significant role in controlling HIV replication by competitive binding to HIV coreceptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this possible interaction is reflected by altered chem
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:33 (abstract no. 12110)
Soriano A, Palou E, Gallart T, Garcia F, Miro JM, Alcami J, Cruceta A, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
BACKGROUND: Macrophage (M)-tropic HIV-1 strains use chemokine receptor CCR-5 and CCR-2 as coreceptors for entry into CD4+ cells. A 32 base-pair deletion (delta 32) in CCR5 and a 641 deletion in CCR2 are associated with a slower rate of progression to AIDS in heterozygotes. To gain insight about the role of these protec
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:33 (abstract no. 12111)
Rangel-Frausto MS, Ponce-de-Leon S, Villasis Kiever A, Ruiz-Palacios GM;;; Instituto Nacional Nutricion, TL Alpan, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
Survival and Morbidity of HIV patients has dramatically changed due to the use of both antivirals and prophylaxis. We retrospectively review our experience with the management of HIV patients, and specially the impact of therapy in patients survival. We reviewed the charts of patients admitted to the HIV clinic from 19
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:33 (abstract no. 12112)
Barbosa PR, Morais-de-Sa CA, Barbosa-Filho J, Sion FS, Pinto JF, Nadal J;;; Hosp. Univ. Gaffree e Guinle, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: Ventricular late potentials (VLP) are fragmented electrical activities which originate in regions with delayed conduction in damaged myocardium, and are markers of ventricular arrhythmia due to reentry mechanism. The infection of myocardial fibers and dendritic cells by HIV and the presence of VLP reinforces
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:33-4 (abstract no. 12113)
Frederick W, Doonquah L, Delepeha RA, Alexis LC, Sappington PL, McNeil JI, Frederick WR;;; Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
BACKGROUND: All reports on Retroviral co-infection have been in patients co-infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-1. Several studies suggest that HTLV-1 accelerates progression of HIV infection. We undertook this study to monitor clinical progression of HIV infection and CD4+ lymphocyte counts in subjects co-infected with HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:34 (abstract no. 12114)
Brites C, Alcantara AP, Gimbo A, Silva N, Pedroso C, Pedral-Sampalo D;;; Hosp Univ Prof Edgard Santos, Canela, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the association of RTV plus SQV, combined with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI), in the treatment of AIDS patients. METHODS: A combination of SQV (1.2 g/day) and RTV (600 mg/day) was added to the treatment of 31 consecutive AIDS patients, who were under double th
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:34 (abstract no. 12115)
Boelaert JR, Delanghe J, Langlois M, Verhofstede C, van Wanzeele F, Plum J;;; AZ Sint-Jan Ruddershove, Bruges, Belgium.
OBJECTIVES: We previously reported that the polymorphism in the haptoglobin (Hp) locus, resulting in 3 different phenotypes (Hp 1-1, 2-1 & 2-2) influences the prognosis after HIV-1 infection, with a higher mortality in Hp 2-2 individuals (P = 0.0001). Here we study whether the Hp polymorphism influences the HIV-1 v
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:34 (abstract no. 12116)
Harrer T, Goldwich A, Kasten S, Rascu A, Kalden JR, Harrer T;;; Dept. of Medicine III, Univ. of Erlangen, Germany.
BACKGROUND: As the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is an important coreceptor for M-tropic HIV-1 strains, pharmacologic blocking of CCR5 has been proposed for therapy of HIV-infection. A 32 base pair deletion within CKR-5 is associated with a more favourable course of HIV-1-infection, but little is known about the influenc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:34 (abstract no. 12117)
Arasteh K, Zwingers T, Simon V, Heise W, L'Age M;;; August-Viktoria-Krankenhause, II. Innere Abteilung, Berlin, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the changing spectrum of AIDS-defining diseases of hospitalised patients undergoing antiRetroviral treatment. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal investigation in a mixed cohort of HIV-1 positive patients. METHODS: During 1985-1997 2,904 in-door patients had been treated in the Auguste-Viktoria-Hosp
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:34-5 (abstract no. 12118)
Lai H, Lai S, Shor-Posner G, Baum MK;;; University of Miami, FL, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between plasma zinc, copper, and mortality among HIV-infected homosexual men. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. METHODS: HIV-1 infected homosexual men (n = 121) were followed between May 1987 and April 1991 in Miami, Florida, USA. Measurements including blood samples for nutr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:35 (abstract no. 12119)
Vanhems P;;; Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Unite d'Hygiene, Epidemiologie, et Information Medicale, Pierre Benite, France.
OBJECTIVES: There is some evidence that after HIV infection, progression to immunodeficiency has accelerated (Weiss, 1992; Gorham, 1993). In order to test this hypothesis, we compared CD4 Count (/mm3) at 6 months after HIV-1 seroconversion (n = 266) in relation to the year of seroconversion (SC). DESIGN: Patients free
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:35 (abstract no. 12120)
Wheeler S, Haight M, Heller LS, Loro ML, Kaufman F, Salata C, Church JA;;; Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term safety and efficacy of Ox for HIV-associated malnutrition in children. METHODS: Eight HIV+ malnourished children (4 F, 4 M) 4-14 yrs of age were treated (Rx) for 3 mos with 0.1 mg/kg/day Ox orally: HIV RNA, CD4+ T-cell levels, endocrinologic, studies; resting energy expenditure (RE
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:35 (abstract no. 12121)
Meireles-de-Souza LR, Silveira-Campos S, Soares CR, Diaz-Carneiro LA, Linhares-Carvalho MI, Trugo L, Castello-Branco LR;;; Dept. Biochemistry-IQ-UFRJ, Rio De Jainero, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the plasma levels of vitamins A and E in ex-homeless HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients living in a support house and correlate to clinical, immunological and nutritional data. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 14 HIV+ male subjects and 5 HIV-control men (all of them related no vit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:35 (abstract no. 12122)
Montoya M, Mostorino R, Seas CS, Echevarria SE, Maguina CM, Gutuzzo EG;;; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the demographic characteristic and diseases in patients (pts) with HIV/AIDS and CD4 counts lower than 200 cell/dl who attended the Infectious Diseases Department of National Hospital Cayetano Heredia Lima- Peru . METHODS: Were included in the study patients 15 years old or older, with a recently
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:35-6 (abstract no. 12123)
Tchentsova N, Maximenok E, Roschenko LO, Zelenetskya KF, Vovk AD, Antonyak SN, Kislykh ON;;; Centre for AIDS Prevention, Kyiv, Ukraine.
OBJECTIVES: The existence of cofactors in development and dissemination of HIV-infection, including HBV, is well known. The influence HCV as cofactor of HIV-infection, from our point of view, is investigated insufficiently. The purpose of the present research was comparative study of prevalence HCV and HBV infection am
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:36 (abstract no. 12125)
Lenkinski R, Cecil K, Frank I, Desiderio L, Kolson D, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Matozza I;;; Univ of Penn., Philadelphia 19104, USA.
BACKGROUND: While standard neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological tests provide a limited measure of viral influence in HIV, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may provide a non-invasive biochemical measure of the metabolic alterations observed in a given region of the brain. This work seeks to assess meta
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:36 (abstract no. 12126)
Kupfer B, Kaiser R, Rockstroh JK, Matz B, Schneweis KE;;; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Bonn, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the predictive value of HIV-1 phenotype in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-coculture, and to examine the relation between viral phenotype, viral load and CD4+ T cell count. DESIGN: In study A 132 HIV-1 infected individuals were analysed retrospectively for the relation between the resu
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:36 (abstract no. 12127)
Munoz A, Lyles RH, Margolick JB, Giorgi JV, Chen Y, Phair JP, Mellors JW;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To fully characterize the relation between baseline viral load (HIV-RNA) and decline of CD4+ lymphocytes using longitudinal data collected prior to the availability of antiRetroviral therapies in a large cohort. To provide 95% confidence limits for expected CD4+ decline at different baseline HIV-RNA and CD4
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:36-7 (abstract no. 12128)
Pilcher CD, Wohl DA, Beatty ZA, Nickisher D, Eron JJ;;; UNC-Chapel Hill, USA.
BACKGROUND: The University of North Carolina (UNC) is a tertiary care center caring for over 1,000 HIV-1 infected persons. UNC uses the Roche Monitor(r) system for HIV-1 RNA quantitation, with a lower limit of quantifiability of 400 copies/ml HIV-1 RNA and a variable limit of detection lower than 400 copies. The clinic
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:37 (abstract no. 12129)
Miller V, Sabin C, Nisius G, Helm EB, Berger AM, Phillips A, Staazewski S;;; Infektionsambul Anz Frankfurt/M. Universitatsklinikum Theodor-Stern, Germany.
INTRODUCTION: The virus load level before therapy is a significant prognostic factor for disease progression. Therapy-induced reductions in viral load improve clinical outcome. However, the prognostic value of a given viral load under HAART has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of viral loa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:37 (abstract no. 12130)
Afessa B, Green B;;; University of Florida, Jacksonville, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with mortality of hospitalized patients with HIV. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. METHODS: The study included 1112 admissions of 550 patients with HIV. We obtained demographic data, risk factor for HIV, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II s
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:37 (abstract no. 12131)
Morgan D, Malamba S, Mayanja B, Whitworth J;;; Medical Research Council Programme On AIDS, Entebre, Uganda.
BACKGROUND: To describe disease progression, including survival, of HIV-1 infection in rural Uganda . METHODS: A natural history cohort was established in 1990. By the end of 1997, we had enrolled 107 prevalent cases who were infected with HIV prior to 1990; 128 incident cases detected during annual serosurvey rounds o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:37 (abstract no. 12132)
Paul S, Ziechek W, Gilbert HM, Jacobs J, Sepkowitz KA;;; New York Hospital New York, USA.
BACKGROUND: Viral load (VL) determinations are a potent predictor of HIV progression in population-based studies. However, the correlation between VL and various opportunistic conditions remains poorly defined. We therefore studied VL levels on a cohort of patients hospitalized at an urban comprehensive HIV center. MET
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:38 (abstract no. 12133)
Boufassa F, Hubert JB, Rouzioux C, Tamalet C, Dussaix E, Laurian Y, Goujard C;;; Inserm U292 Hopital De Bicetre, Kremlin Bicetre, France.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive value of biological and clinical events for progression to AIDS (1993 European classification) when the CD4+ cell count falls below 200/microL (CD4 threshold) in different exposure groups. To investigate whether such markers remain predictive independently of the serum HIV-1 RNA lev
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:155 (abstract no. 12/13346)
Magierowska M, Costagliola D, Sanson F, Debre P, Theodorou I;;; Lab. d'Immunologie Celulaire et Tissulaire URA CNRS, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To study the contribution of CCR2-641, CCR5-D32, SDF1-3.A and HLA genotypes in HIV-1 infected long-term nonprogressors (thereafter referred as ALT). DESIGN: The ALTs (n = 68, all of Caucasian origin) are subjects who experienced HIV-1 infection for at least eight years, with a stable CD4+ cell count > 600 ce
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:38 (abstract no. 12134)
Solmone MC, Antonelli G, Riva RE, Ferrara FR, D'Offizi DO, Paganelli PR, Pernozzoli PB, Dianzani DF;;; Institute of Virology Univ. La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To verify the existence of virological markers which can be predictive of the state of non progression in HIV infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: 24 LTNPs were enrolled on the basis of the following criteria: asymptomatic state, a long history of documented HIV infection (at least 8 years from seroconversion); CD
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:38 (abstract no. 12135)
Kassa E, Rinke de Wit TF, Hailu E, Messele T, Yeneneh H, Coutinho RA, Fontanet AL;;; Ethiopian Netherlands AIDS Research Project/ENARP, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVES: To identify clinical conditions and biological markers associated with the WHO staging system of HIV infection in Ethiopia . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: 43 HIV-positive and 34 HIV-negative individuals participating in an on-going cohort study on HIV-infection progression, as well as 79 HIV-posit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:38 (abstract no. 12136)
Petroni A, Deluchi G, Rodriguez C, Benetucci JA;;; Fundai Htal Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
AIM: To correlate the variation of plasmatic viral load levels and LCD4 count in HIV-1+ patients with and without antiRetroviral treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Viral load levels were established through RT-PCR (Amplicor HIV-1+ Monitor Roche Diagnostic System) on plasma from 74 HIV(+)-1 patients with (n:39) and withou
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:38 (abstract no. 12137)
Luna G, Trevino S, Nieto L, Santoscoy M;;; Hospital General Gabriel Mancera, Mexico City, Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the overall survival of a cohort of Mexican patients has improved with time and the factors that contributed to the improvement. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive study. METHODS: We analyzed All adult patients with AIDS that were seen in our department from Sept
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:38-9 (abstract no. 12138)
Mbanya DN, Zekeng L, Kamga L, Tapko JB, Kaptue LN;;; Department Haematology Univ. Yaounde I, Cameroon.
OBJECTIVE: To establish lymphocyte subset ranges among Cameroonian HIV positive people at various clinical stages of disease. METHODS: CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ levels and the CD4/CD8 ratio were measured by flow cytometry in 106 HIV seropositive Cameroonians in a hospital-based cross-sectional study and compared to various stag
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:39 (abstract no. 12139)
Delarranaga G, Deluchi JG, Petroni EA, Alonso BS, Benetucci JA;;; Laboratorio Fundai Hospital Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
BACKGROUND: HIV and other agents and clinical situations during the infection promote endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to measure von Willebrand (vWF) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) as markers of endothelial dysfunction, and to correlate them with prognosis markers, in a group of HIV pati
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:39 (abstract no. 12140)
Baiges DL, Luque ML, Deluchi GJ, Petroni A, Bote MA, Alonso BS, Benetucci J;;; LABCEN HTAL Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
AIMS: To relate CD38/8. CV levels, CD4 counts and clinical status in patients with and without treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: RT PCR were used to establish CV levels. (Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor-Roche diagnostica) CD4 and CD38/8 markers were determined through flow cytometry (Ortho Diagnostic Systems) 22 healthy patients
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:39 (abstract no. 12141)
Chakrabarti T, Banerjee KL, Bhattacharya N, Neogi D, Pal NK, Banerjee P;;; Dept. of Virology, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, India.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical spectrum and causative microbial opportunistic infections in AIDS. DESIGN: Controlled Study. METHODS: 110,114 blood samples from high risk individuals were screened for HIV-ab between 1987 and December 1997. 1026 were found reactive for HIV-1&2 antibodies on Western Blot test o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:39 (abstract no. 12142)
Hogg R, Phillips P, Forrest D, Montessori V, Raboud J, Schechter MT, Montaner JS;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the changing incidence and spectrum of AIDS defining illnesses (ADI) in HIV-infected individuals taking antiretroviral (ARV) therapy during the period prior to and since the introduction of newer ARV agents. METHODS: This study was based on retrospective analysis of individuals enrolled in a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:39-40 (abstract no. 12143)
French N, Lugadda E, Watera C, Nakiyingi I, Janoff EN, Gilks CF;;; Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda.
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively determine rates of mortality and cause of death and relationship to stage in HIV-1-infected adults in Uganda . METHOD: Prospective cohort of HIV-1-infected adults enrolled at an AIDS support organisation (TASO) clinic in Entebbe, Uganda, from October 1995 to December 1997. RESULTS: 1,201 HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:40 (abstract no. 12144)
Amornkul P, Tansuphasawadikul S, Limpakarnjanarat K, Kaewkungwal J, Likanonsakul S, Eampokalap B, Naiwatanakul T;;; CDC/DHAP, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: The clinical spectrum of HIV infection, effect of opportunistic infections (OIs), and differences in pathogenesis associated with HIV-1 subtypes have been incompletely defined in Asia. Such information is critical in improving the lives of HIV-infected persons in Asia through preventive, therapeutic, and ev
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:40 (abstract no. 12145)
Thompson M;;; ARCA, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
BACKGROUND: A soft gelatin capsule formulation of saquinavir (SQV-SGC, Fortovase (tm)) has been developed which, at a dose of 1.2 g three times daily, achieves plasma saquinavir (SQV) levels around 8-fold higher than those attained with the saquinavir hard gelatin ca
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:40 (abstract no. 12146)
Greenberg AE, Kadio A, Grant AD, Lucas SB, Djomand G, Kassim S, Yapi A, Honde M, Tossou O, Wiktor SZ, de Cock KM;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical manifestations of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections among hospitalized patients in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire , and to compare the spectrum of severe HIV-related disease by HIV serostatus, gender, and age group. METHODS: We analyzed data that had been collected via three independent mechanisms
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:40-1 (abstract no. 12147)
Declich S, Rizzardini G, Lukwiya M, Fabiani M, Ferrante P, Ble C, Clerici M;;; Lab. Epidemiologia 1st Sup. Sanita, Roma, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze Immunologic and virologic parameter in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected African patients living in rural Africa, and to compare them to those of Italian patients. METHODS: African and Italian patients were chosen to be comparable for the following parameters: disease stage
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:41 (abstract no. 12148)
Wong KH, Choi TM, Lee SS;;; AIDS Unit Department of Health, Yaumatei Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the implications of a modified AIDS case definition adopted in Hong Kong by evaluating the time-trends of primary AIDS-defining illnesses (ADI). METHODS: A modified AIDS surveillance case definition had been adopted in Hong Kong since June 1995. The US CDC 1994 system was applied except that (1
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:41 (abstract no. 12149)
Vovk AD, Antonyak SN, Tchentsova NP, Maximenok EV, Shcherbinskaya AM;;; Institute of Epidemiol. & Infect. Diseases, Kiyv, Ukraine.
OBJECTIVES: To study some local clinical patterns of HIV infection in Ukraine . DESIGN: Prospective, controlled investigation. METHODS: Clinical studies of HIV-associated conditions. RESULTS: A total of 449 HIV-infected episodes were analyzed including 40 ones of the AIDS-AC and 40 AIDS cases. Our patients were 18-37 y
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:41 (abstract no. 12150)
Valkova I, Dikov I, Kostov K, Duhovnikova T, Ratchev P, Radeva I, Stefanova D;;; Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
OBJECTIVES: To present the ratio of AIDS-indicator conditions among the HIV infected people in Bulgaria . METHODS: 54 patients reported as AIDS cases. Since 1987 when the first HIV positive Bulgarian citizens were detected till the end of 1997--217 people were identified as HIV-infected. For the same period 54 of them-
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:42 (abstract no. 12154)
Biggar RJ, Janes M, Taha ET, Yellin F, Broadhead R, Kumwenda N, Cassol S;;; Viral Epidemiology Branch, NCI, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To relate the viral load in untreated infants to the age at HIV-1 infection and to whether the mode of infection was perinatal (by cord blood (CB) status) or postnatal (breast milk). METHODS: Infants were enrolled at birth in Blantyre, Malawi in 1994. Infected infants were grouped by the time and probable ro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:42 (abstract no. 12155)
Galvaao NA, Silva CL, Naud PS, Chaves EB, Zachia SA, Larangeira M, Dubina F, Hartman FM;;; Hospital De Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the HIV vertical transmission rate between 2 groups of HIV+ women. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. METHODS: We offered zidovudine (ZDV) during pregnancy to all HIV+ women attending our service after September 1994, irrespective of their clinical status and CD4 count. The regimen followed i
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of ZDV administered during labor and to the infants in the first 6 weeks of life in reduction of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. DESIGN: This is a pilot, non-randomized, open label clinical trial. METHOD: A total of thirty five HIV-1 infected pregnant women with no prior antiRetroviral
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:42 (abstract no. 12157)
Rakusan TA, Temple V, Hart L, Loechelt B, Rana S, Young M, Bertolli J;;; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
BACKGROUND: Use of zidovudine (ZDV) for prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV was recommended in 1994 by the US Public Health Service. Our study examined implementation of the recommendations and their effectiveness in the Washington, DC area. METHODS: Chart review of HIV-exposed infants born between December 199
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:43 (abstract no. 12158)
Cahn P, Perez H, Ochoa C, Vazquez M, Puente S, Callegar M, Glancszpigel R, Zala C;;; Infectologia-Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVES: To assess clinical outcome of patients with CMV retinitis in the era of HAART. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Charts review from all patients with CMV retinitis diagnosed at the Ophthalmology Clinic and followed at the Infectious Diseases Unit in a tertiary Hospital since pr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:43 (abstract no. 12159)
Marin OA, Beatriz M, Bogdanowicz E, Reboredo G;;; Infectious Disease Unit-Mtal. Clinican Buenos Aires, Argentina.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE: A 3 month preterm bronchodisplasic infant was admitted to the hospital due to respiratory distress and sepsis syndrome. His mother had lived in a rural area until she was fourteen, was an IV drug abuser and was seropositive for Chagas disease (IgG 1/32) and toxoplasmosis (1/512). She had an unc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:43 (abstract no. 12160)
Oleske J, Brady MT, Lee S, Fowler MG, Cunningham B, Culnane M, Mofenson LM;;; University of Medicine of New Jersey, NewarK, USA.
Following completion of PACTG perinatal and therapeutic clinical trials, 2,163 children (including 289 uninfected children from perinatal trials) have been enrolled for long-term follow-up (to age 21 years or death) to assess HIV- and treatment-related outcomes. As of 11/1/97 (median duration of follow-up = 23.6 months
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:43 (abstract no. 12161)
Lozano JS, Ramos Amador JT, Bodas A, Rodriguez-Cerrato V, Ruiz-Contreras J, Otero J;;; Hospital 12 de Octubre DPTO Pediatria CTRA de Andalucia Km.5, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: The rate of congenital cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection in infants born to HIV-infected women is unknown. OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine the rate of congenital transmission of CMV in perinatally HIV-exposed children and 2) to evaluate possible risk factors associated with congenital CMV infection in this popu
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:43 (abstract no. 12162)
Principi N, Esposito S, Colasante C, Zuccotti GV, Ferraris G, Clerici M, Galli L, Galli M;;; Pediatric Dept. 4 University of Milan, Italy.
BACKGROUND: In adults, a 32-nucleotide deletion (CCR5del32) within the gene encoding CCR5, the coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1, has been associated with protection from parenterally and sexually transmitted infection if present on both alleles and with a more benign pattern of disease progression if p
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:44 (abstract no. 12163)
Embree J, Njenga S, Datta P, Nyange P, Ndinya-Achola JO, Plummer FA;;; Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the excess morbidity and mortality experienced by HIV-1 perinatally and postnatally infected African children not receiving antiRetroviral therapy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: The mortality and morbidity in HIV-1 perinatally, postnatally, and uninfected cohorts of c
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:44 (abstract no. 12164)
Bell F, Richardson M, Lyall H, Gibb D, Novelli V, Walters S, Tudor-Williams G, Sharland M;;; Dept of Pediatrics Sheffield Childresn Hospital S102th, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: Up to one third of children with vertically acquired HIV develop lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP). The natural history of LIP is poorly understood but affected children tend to have a better prognosis than children without LIP. However, the lymphoproliferation seen in LIP suggests a high viral loa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:44 (abstract no. 12165)
Ruiz-Contreras J, De Jose MI, Ciria L, Mellado MJ, Ramos JT, Clemente J, Rodriguez-Cerrato V;;; Hospital 12 de Octubre Dpto Pediatria, Spain.
BACKGROUND: There are few reports of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in HIV-infected children. The aims of this study are: 1) to describe the number and characteristics of episodes of FUO in HIV-infected children less than 13 years of age; 2) to assess diagnostic methods that were carried out; 3) to know the survival tim
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:44-5 (abstract no. 12167)
Baptista MR, Nishimoto TM, Gibbons AS, Nucci CS;;; NIC of AIDS Municipal Program Santos SP, Brasil.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between dental eruption delay and immunological deficit among infants carrying HIV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cohort of 100 infants vertically infected, class B3 and C3, for the CDCP Classification for Pediatric Infection, who have been sequentially followed since birth up to the pr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:45 (abstract no. 12168)
Ruiz-Chercoles E, Ramos JT, Ruiz-Contreras J, Alvarez C, Domingo MJ, Fuertes A, Rodriguez-Cerrato V;;; CTRA De Andalucia KM5, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: The rates of vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been variable among the populations studied. Mother to child transmission of HCV is more frequent from women coinfected with HIV-1 and from women with detectable serum HCV-RNA. OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of vertical transmission of HC
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:45 (abstract no. 12170)
Tovo PA, Gabiano C, De Martino M, Galli L;;; Clinica Pediatrica III Firenze, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of pertussis immunization on the clinical and immunologic course of perinatal HIV-1 infection. METHODS: In Italy , pertussis vaccination is not mandatory and is available only combined with the diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, which must be administered during the third month of life. Among
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:45 (abstract no. 12171)
Shearer WT;;; TX Children's Hosp., Houston 77030-2399, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To quantitate the impact of assignment of pediatric HIV-1 disease progression categories (rapid progressors [RP], intermediate progressors [IP], long-term survivors [LTS]) upon detection of heart, lung, and immune abnormalities and high HIV-1 burden in children with HIV-1 infection. DESIGN: Five-year longit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:45-6 (abstract no. 12172)
Ramos Amador JT, Bastero Gil R, Saavedra Lozano J, Bodas A, Ruiz-Contreras J, Alcami J;;; Hospital 12 De Octubre Dpt O Pediatria Ctra De Andalucia KM5, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: There are scant data on the use of protease inhibitors (PI) in HIV-infected children. OBJECTIVES: To determine the short-term safety and effectiveness of PI in terms of clinical, virologic, and immunologic response in children with perinatally acquired HIV-infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective char
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of Ritonavir in HIV+ patients. METHODS: A total of 25 patients less than 13 years old were treated with Ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) Inclusion Criteria: Pediatrics patients with detectable viral load and/or disease progression.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:46 (abstract no. 12174)
Johnson S, Hendson W;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, CH Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BACKGROUND: Studies on HIV-infected adults with gastro-enteritis (GE) have shown atypical presentations and unusual organisms. Little is known about the pathogenesis and the etiology of GE in HIV-infected children in an urban African setting. The aims of this study were to compare the clinical and microbiological diffe
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:46 (abstract no. 12175)
Nishimoto MT, Gibbons AS, Segall-Correa AM, Teruya KM, Hayden RL;;; NIC STD/Aids Municipal Program Santos SP, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate breastfeeding risk in the mother to infant transmission in a cohort of children born in Santos SP Brazil ; to analyse breastfeeding length effect in seroconvertion; to estimate survival of total breastfed versus non breastfed children. METHODS: A historic cohort with HIV positives mother s infan
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:46 (abstract no. 12176)
Rondanelli M, Caselli D, Maccabruni A, Maghnie M, Solerte SB, Ferrari E, Minoli L;;; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Several endocrinologic abnormalities, related to the well recognized HIV-driven failure to thrive, has been documented in HIV-infected children. Because of the episodic pattern of hormone secretion, incidental hormone concentration measurements provide inadequate information about the amount of hormones sec
BACKGROUND: HIV encephalopathy remains a major concern among HIV infected children (19 to 31% of children with AIDS). In 1988, Pizzo reported neuropsychological improvement in 13 AZT naive children with encephalopathy treated with continuous intravenous infusion of AZT (CIV-AZT). No current alternative treatment, even
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:47 (abstract no. 12178)
Velarded KG, Guimaraes ML, Arevalo RA, Morgado MG;;; Fiocruz Laboratories, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence and molecular diversity of HIV-1 subtypes in samples from infected individuals residing in different cities from Bolivia . METHODS: HIV subtyping was conducted on 30 DNA samples obtained from peripheral mononuclear blood cells of seropositive individuals from Bolivia, obtained betw
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:47 (abstract no. 12179)
Marques HH, Vallada MG, Sato HK, Aquino MZ, Moreira MC, Grumach AS, Sakane PT;;; Instituto Da Crianca-HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Since 1985 we have been following an increasing number of children, 294 affected by AIDS and 137 HIV-exposed infants, 43 of the latter have already been discharged as sero-reverted. This study describes clinical data and the evolution of pediatric AIDS in a Brazilian population. METHODS: The charts of every
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:47 (abstract no. 12180)
Voiculescu C, Avramescu C, Radu E, Balasoiu M, Turculeanu A;;; Faculty of Medicine Craiova, Romania.
OBJECTIVES, METHODS: In two groups of HIV-infected children, aged from 7 to 10 years (AIDS-related complex-ARC, and AIDS disease-AIDS, respectively), the following immune markers, in unstimulated, PHA-stimulated or dually PHA/IL-12-stimulated T cell cultured, were tested: % expression of activation surface cell determi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:47 (abstract no. 12181)
Fraga I, Vazquez M;;; University of Puerto Rico, San Juan.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the neurological findings in HIV-1 infected children from San Juan, Puerto Rico and compare our results with those of other similar studies. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all children with risk factors for HIV infection referred to the Pediatric
OBJECTIVE: to determine the efficiency of a combination of 2 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infected children. METHODS: Sample formed of 100 children (ages: 8-11 years old) randomly selected, half of them treated with a combination of zidovudine and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:47-8 (abstract no. 12183)
Rivera Medina M, Alger J, Soto RJ;;; Clinical Laboratory University Hospital, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
OBJECTIVE: To obtain a clinical and epidemiologic characterization of the HIV/AIDS infected children attending the University Hospital in Tegucigalpa between January 1st, 1990 and November 30, 1997. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive study. METHODS: Clinical histories of hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of HIV/AI
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:48 (abstract no. 12184)
Vanhems P;;; Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Unite d'Hygiene, Epidemiologie, et Information Medicale, Pierre Benite, France.
OBJECTIVE: To report the CD4 and the CD8 responses within 1 year after primary HIV-1 infection due to zidovudine ( AZT )-resistant HIV-1 strain with the codon 215 mutation. DESIGN: Multicenter prospective cohort study in Geneva, Sydney and Vancouver.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:48 (abstract no. 12185)
Sekaly RP, Ringuette N, Lacaille J, Routy JP, Ho DD, Markowitz M, Conway B;;; Immunology IRCM Montreal, QC, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: Infection with HIV leads to the rapid loss of CD4+ T cells through direct and indirect cytopathic mechanisms. Treatment with combinations of antiRetrovirals leads to a variable and significant increase in the absolute and relative numbers of CD4+ T cells. Little is known about the origin and diversity of CD
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:48 (abstract no. 12187)
Deveau C, Delfraissy JF, N'Go N, Pellegrin I, Harzic M, Rouzioux C, Neyer L;;; Insern U292 Hopital de Ricetre, Krenlin-Bicetre, France.
OBJECTIVE: To describe route of infection, treatments administered and disease progression in patients recruited during primary infection. METHODS: Patients were included in the multicenter French PRIMO cohort within 6 months of infection. The date of infection was documented by an interval of 6 months maximum between
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:49 (abstract no. 12188)
Goh LE, Perrin L, Cooper D, Tsoukas C, Hoen B, Gaines H, Kinloch S;;; GlaxoWellcome Research and Development, Greenford Middlesxe, Ubgohe.
BACKGROUND: Efficacy of antiviral treatment is dependent on the time of treatment initiation and the potency of the antiviral regimen. By treating patients early in the course of the acute HIV-1 infection with a potent quadruple antiviral regimen it might be possible to reduce the length of antiviral treatment and to p
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:49 (abstract no. 12189)
Roos MT, van Lier RA, Hamann D, Dekker L, Lange JM, Miedema F, Schellekens PT;;; Clin. Viro-Immunology, C.L.B., Amsterdam, Netherlands.
OBJECTIVES: In response to viral infections unprimed naive CD8+, MHC class I-restricted, virus-specific T cells clonally expand and differentiate into memory- and effector-type cells. Although several cell-surface markers can be used to distinguish the above mentioned subpopulations (Hamann et al, JEM 1997), details of
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:49 (abstract no. 12190)
Loes SK, Tilling RS, Turnbull W, Tyrer M, Johnson MA, Janossy G;;; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate recently defined unprimed or naive CD4/CD8 subsets during AI and following HAART. METHODS: Monitoring CD4 and CD8 counts and absolute counts (AC and percentage (%) of CD4CD45RA+ and CD8CD45RA+ using 3-colour flow cytometry (Cytoron Absolute with Immunocount II software) and additional markers
BACKGROUND: The potency of HAART to inhibit viral replication and reconstitute lymphocyte counts might be higher in primary HIV infection than at more advanced disease stages. METHODS: In the multicenter, open-label PHI.3 trial, seroconverting patients are treated with a triple therapy regimen of
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:49-50 (abstract no. 12192)
Puga L, Jauregui Rueda H, Monticelli A, Oliva SM, Burgos M, Molina A, Benetucci J;;; FUNDAI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with APHI and their response to earlier antiRetroviral therapy (ART). METHOD: Between 1995 and 1997 we studied 11 patients with APHI, confirmed by EIA and W.blot assay. In every case clinical examination, CD4 cells count (fl
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:50 (abstract no. 12193)
Carr A, Zaunders J, Cunningham P, Kaufmann G, Kelleher A, Cooper DA;;; St. Vincent Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if combination therapy commenced during PHI would have greater anti-HIV or immunological benefit than when commenced during AEI. METHODS: We treated 12 AEI patients (mean 3 years infection) with CD4 counts > 250 cells/microliter and 16 symptomatic PHI patients with two nucleoside analogues and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:50 (abstract no. 12194)
Sachsenberg N, Schockmel GA, Perrin L;;; Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
BACKGROUND: Rapid changes in the concentrations in CD4 and CD8 T cells are observed during primary HIV infection (PHI). This likely reflects virus-T-cell-interactions susceptible to be modified by antiviral treatment. METHODS: Changes in CD4 and CD8 T cells including naive (CD45RA) and memory (CD45RO) subsets and their
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:50 (abstract no. 12195)
Tambussi G, Gori A, Capiluppi B, Ballota C, Papagno L, Saracco A, Lazzarin A;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Neurological involvement occurs in about 40% of patients with serological evidence of primary HIV infection (PHI). Clinical manifestations may range from mild signs to a severe picture of meningoencephalitis. METHODS: The present analysis involves 21 patients with diagnosed symptomatic PHI. The following va
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:50 (abstract no. 12196)
Tudor-Williams G, Yeung S, York D, Booy R, Wilkinson D;;; Dept. of Paediatrics, St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: Confirming the diagnosis of HIV infection in children is difficult in remote or resource-poor settings; access to appropriate laboratory tests may be limited, and the existing clinical case definition (CCD) lacks sensitivity and specificity. AIM: To assess response of oral candid
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:51 (abstract no. 12198)
Woo I, Rouleau D, Montessori V, Whaley M, Montaner JS, Conway B;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
BACKGROUND: Acute/primary HIV infection is accompanied by high levels of viral replication and a transient decrease in CD4 cell counts in the circulation. It has been suggested that these initial events may abate in a matter of weeks even without intervention, as a result of the developing immune response to HIV. Plasm
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:51 (abstract no. 12199)
Lafeuillade AM, Poggi C, Chollet L, Djediouane A, Profizi N;;; Unite Infectiologie, Hopital Chalucet, Toulon, France.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long term antiviral effect in blood and lymph nodes (LN) of a triple drug therapy administered within 28 days following the first clinical signs of PHI. DESIGN: Pilot ongoing study on 15 patients. Actual follow-up of this series: 19 +/- 2 months. METHODS: Patients received a combination of Z
OBJECTIVES: To analyze immunologic and virologic parameters in early HIV infection in patients undergoing therapy with two different combinations of antiRetrovirals ( AZT + ddI vs. AZT + 3TC
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:51 (abstract no. 12201)
Perno CF, Cenci A, Perno CF, Bertoli A, Erba F, Mari A, Amati F, Conti E, Clementi M, Menzo S, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G, Calio R;;; Dep. Exp. Med. Block. Sci. Univ. Tor Vergata, Rone, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: Searching of mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitors in naive patients in primary infections. DESIGN: Analysis of viral genotype in order to define a suitable therapy. METHODS: The presence of mutations conferring resistance to protease inhibitors were investigated in specimens of patients ta
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:51 (abstract no. 12202)
Contarelli JM, Michaan MG, Massera LI, Alberich GE, Cabrera S, Garcia M, Costanzo C;;; Hospital San Juan de Dios. Calles 27 y 70. (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
BACKGROUND: Acute Retroviral syndrome (ARS) has been well defined and is now recognize frequently in patients who become infected. Early aggressive antiRetroviral therapy play a capital role to suppress HIV replication and to prevent viral variation. OBJECTIVE: To know the clinical features of ARS in a tertiary care ce
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:52 (abstract no. 12206)
Griffit B, Morse G, Demeter L, Bassett R, Hughes M, Friedland G;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To define the relationship between DLV plasma levels and HIV RNA responses and DLV resistance in patients enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 261, a phase II randomized, double-blinded trial of DLV in combination with ZDV and/or ddI versus ZDV and ddI. DESIGN: A substudy was conducted
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:53 (abstract no. 12208)
Delehanty J, Kahn J, Thompson M, Mildvan D, Pottage J, Shepp D, van der Horst C;;; Triangle Pharmaceuticals Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
BACKGROUND: Phase I/II HIV monotherapy studies often pose a risk of selecting for viral resistance. The design of an ongoing Phase I/II study of FTC ([1-beta-L-FTC] 2 ,3 -didexoy-5-fluoro-3 thiacytidine) utilized information on HIV-1 dynamics and observed rates of resistance to other cytidine nucleoside analogues to al
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:53 (abstract no. 12209)
Msellati P, Neda N, Dabis F, Welffens-Ekra C, Van de Perre P, Leroy V, Mandelbrot L;;; Orston, Abidjan.
Different interventions are tested in Africa to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Vaginal cleansing is one of these, with the advantage of low cost and high feasibility. From a public health point of view, another interest is that HIV status of the pregnant women is not required before the intervention. OBJEC
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:53 (abstract no. 12211)
Cundy KC, Safrin S, Coleman R, Jaffe HS;;; GILEAD Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between drug exposure and the safety and antiviral activity of PMPA Prodrug monotherapy in HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: The pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of oral PMPA Prodrug monotherapy were examined as part of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escal
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:53-4 (abstract no. 12212)
Staszewski S, Katlama C, Harrer T, Massip P, Yeni P, Cutrell A, Steel HM;;; Universitats Klinikum Frankfurt, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To assess long term safety, tolerance and durability of antiviral activity with open label abacavir (ABC) in triple combination with 3TC /ZDV. METHODS: 60 ART naive patients (HIV-1 RNA or = 100 cells/mm3), were originally
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:54 (abstract no. 12213)
Kelleher D, Lederman M, Mellors J, Haas D, Cooney E, Horton J, Stanford J, Haubrich R;;; Glaxo Wellcome, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Therapy for 16 weeks combining ABC with one of five different PI induced changes in selected T-Lymphocyte populations across the five treatment arms indicative of immune recovery. We extended the analysis to present effects by treatment arm. METHODS: In study CNAA2004, 78 antiRetroviral naive patients (medi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:54 (abstract no. 12214)
Dezube BJ, Jacobs MS, Leoung G, Fujiwara T, Proper JA, Anderson B, Carpenter J, Dahl TA;;; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: S-1153 is a novel NNRTI which has a 10-fold greater in-vitro activity against HIV-1 than nevirapine and delavirdine . Resistance of HIV-1 to S-1153 is seen only after double or triple mutations, as opposed to the one mutation for the current
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:54 (abstract no. 12215)
Landay AL, Agnoli M, Czerniewski M, Spritzler J, Pottage J;;; Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
BACKGROUND: The utilization of potent antiviral therapies capable of reducing HIV plasma RNA to undetectable levels has resulted in significant changes in the immune response. This study was undertaken to evaluate immune restoration in early HIV disease (CD4 > 500 cells/ul). METHODS: We evaluated 24 antiRetroviral naiv
BACKGROUND: (+)-Calanolide A (CA) is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with potent in vitro activity against HIV-1 and unique pharmacokinetic properties. The compound was originally isolated from a natural source and has been synthesized for preclinical and clinical development. Animal stud
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:55 (abstract no. 12217)
Leitz G, Lamson M, Lionetti D, Sabo J, Myers M;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Nevirapine (NVP) is a non nucleoside RT inhibitor of HIV that is metabolized by Cytochrome P450 3A in the liver. Lamivudine ( 3TC ) is a nucleoside RT inhibitor which is largely exc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:55 (abstract no. 12218)
Lamson M, Robinson P, Lamson M, Gigliotti M, Myers MW;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Rigdefield, CT, USA.
NVP and Keto are metabolized by the hepatic p450 isozyme system. NVP induces p450 metabolism (CYP2B6 > CYP3A4), whereas Keto inhibits CYP3A4. Both have the potential for important interactions with each other. We performed an open-label, signle arm trial of Keto alone and with NVP in HIV-infected patients to examine NV
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:55 (abstract no. 12220)
Shaefer M, Eron J, Yetzer E, Ruane P, Becker S, Sawyerr G, Graham N;;; UNC-Chapel Hill, RTP, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To show that in HIV-infected patients Combivir BID in combination with a PI is not different than a conventional regimen of 3TC , ZDV and a PI as measured by HIV-1 RNA levels over time. To compare the number of patients that attain undetectable HIV-1 RNA
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:56 (abstract no. 12223)
Gulick R, Squires K, Powderly W, Santana J, Esinhart J, Schoellkopf N, Stevens M;;; Cornell University Medical College, NY, NY 10011, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the level of viral suppression in patients taking d4T + 3TC + IDV or ZDV + 3TC + IDV using the Chiron bDNA assay (detection limit (DL)
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:56 (abstract no. 12224)
Petersen A, Johnson M;;; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of Viracept in a BID dosing regimen as compared to the approved TID regimen. DESIGN: Phase III multicenter, randomized study: the original design is a four-group comparative trial of four
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:56 (abstract no. 12225)
Eron J, Peterson D, Murphy R, Pottage J, Mauney J, Schoellkoph N, Stevens M;;; University of NC, Chapel Hill, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the level of viral suppression in patients taking d4T + ddI + IDV or ZDV + 3TC + IDV using the Chiron bDNA assay (detection limit (DL) > 500 copies/mL) and the N
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:57 (abstract no. 12227)
Molina JM, Journot V, Ferchal F, Pellegrin I, Rancinan C, Sombardier MN, Decazes JM;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether alternating combinations of nucleoside analogues increase the antiRetroviral effect associated with each combination alone. DESIGN: An unblinded, randomized controlled trial in which 3 treatment regimens were compared. METHODS: 151 antiRetroviral naive patients with > 200 CD4 cells/mm3
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:57 (abstract no. 12228)
Shaefer M, Hardy WD, Shaker-Irwin L, Williams V, Maude C, Thommes J, Graham N;;; Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
BACKGROUND: In the ACTG 290 study it was demonstrated that concomitant therapy with ZDV and D4T in ZDV experienced patients did not perform better than D4T alone. There has also been a suggestion that patients treated with ZDV will not respond well to subsequent treatment with D4T. We examined this hypothesis by review
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:57 (abstract no. 12229)
Reijers MM, Weverling GJ, Ten Kate RW, Frissen PM, De Wolf F, Scmuitemaker M, Lange JM;;; Academic Medical Center-Natec, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: Regimens containing at least 3 antiRetroviral agents have been shown to produce dramatic reductions in HIV-1 RNA levels. However, the long term effectiveness of such regimens can potentially be compromised by drug toxicity and poor adherence. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of induct
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:57-8 (abstract no. 12231)
Curry R, Robinson P, Hussain SA, Myers MW, Robingson PA;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Rigdefield, CT, USA.
Initial NVP/nuc combination Rx has been proposed as a strategy to delay the use of PI Rx. For PI sparing Rx to be useful, PIs must retain their effectiveness after failure of NVP/nuc Rx. We examined PI in vitro susceptibility in highly NVP resistant (NVP-r) HIV isolates; and the response to PI Rx of plasma viral load (
BACKGROUND: HAART has modified HIV infection to a chronic status requiring long-term Rx and high compliance to avoid drug holidays leading to viral resistance. AntiRetroviral potency of available protease inhibitors is inversely related to tolerability (i.e. compliance) in a HIV+ population largely coinfected with hepa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:58 (abstract no. 12233)
Bardeguez AD, Mofenson LM, Spino C, Shapiro DE, Fowler MG, Sperling R, Boyer R;;; New Jersey Medical School, NWK, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare postpartum clinical and immunologic HIV disease progression and survival among women who received ZDV or placebo (PL) in the perinatal trial PACTG 076. METHODS: After completion of PACTG 076 study [6 months postpartum] women were enrolled in a three year follow up study, PACTG 288. Study
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:58 (abstract no. 12234)
McQueen P, Zheng NN, Simasathiansophon S, Smith DG, Law MG, Delaney SF, Cooper DA;;; Dept Biotechnology University, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of virologic, immunologic and genotypic factors to clinical progression in a subgroup of subjects enrolled in the Alpha ddI trial. DESIGN: Studies were preformed on the sequential isolates of 142 participants who enrolled in the MRC/INSERM Alpha ddI Tri
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:59 (abstract no. 12236)
Para M, Weinstock M;;; Ohio State University ACTU, Columbus 43210, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if patients who failed treatment with delavirdine and at least one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) can achieve viral loads
BACKGROUND: The objective was to test whether maintaining a pre-established viral load (VL) reduction can delay progression in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients with CD4+T cell count > or = 500 x 10(6)/L and viral load > or = 5000 copies/ml. End points were evolution to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:59 (abstract no. 12239)
Raffi F, Reliquet V, Francois C, Garre M, Hascoet C, Allavena C, Arvieux C;;; Cisih Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France.
BACKGROUND: Although triple drug combination therapy with 2 nucleoside analogues and a protease inhibitor (PI) produces reduction in HIV viral load to undetectable plasma levels in > 80% of subjects, drawbacks of this regimen are numerous including pills number, side effects, compliance issue, emergence of resistant vi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:59-60 (abstract no. 12240)
Kroon E, Chuenyam M, Van Leeuwen R, Poolcharoen W, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P;;; HIV-NAT, Chulalongkorn Hospital, Pratumwan Bangkok, Thailand.
OBJECTIVES: CD4+ cell and clinical outcomes of several phase II studies suggested that daily doses of AZT as low as 300 mg may be effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication, but viral load data from these studies are not available. Since AZT and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:60 (abstract no. 12241)
Ruxrungtham K, Ungsedhapand C, Teeratakulpisarn S, Kunanusont C, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P;;; Dept. of Medicine, Chulalongkorn Uni., Bangkok, Thailand.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of d4T + ddl in a range of doses in comparison with ddl alone in a Thai HIV-1 infected population carrying predominantly HIV-1 clade E and with average BW 60 +/- 10 kg. Ddl monotherapy was the standard of care in Thailand at the star
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:60 (abstract no. 12242)
Ripamonti D, Chiodera A, Nasta P, Bombana E, Oladati O;;; Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Ospedale Civile Brescia, Italy.
INTRODUCTION: HAART has rapidly become standard of care for HIV population at early stage of HIV infection. Triple combination therapy including HIV (IDV), Ritonavir (RTV) or Saquinavir (SQV), although highly effecti
BACKGROUND: HAART has modified HIV infection to a chronic status requiring long-term Rx and high compliance to avoid drug holidays leading to viral resistance. AntiRetroviral potency of available protease inhibitors is inversely related to tolerability (i.e. compliance) in a HIV+ population largely coinfected with hepa
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in an open label non comparative study the virological and immunological efficacy of Saquinavir SGC in combination with D4T/DDC as measured on plasma HIV RNA PCR using Ultra Sensitive Amplicor assay, cellular HIV RNA, CD4 and CD8 cells counts
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:61 (abstract no. 12245)
Casseb J, Brigido L, Veiga AP, d'Anbrosio-Ferreira A, Oliviera R, Schwanz RS, Duarte AJ;;; Institute Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
INTRODUCTION: Since November 1996, Brazilian Government has been providing HAART for all HIV/AIDS patients who are eligible for therapy, based on clinical status, CD4+ count and, more recently, RNA plasma viral load. It is recommendated the use of double therapy with two nucleoside analogues (NA) for asymptomatic patie
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:61 (abstract no. 12248)
Kline M, Fletcher CV, Brundage RC, Calles NR, Moreau EL, Steimer JL, Buss NE, Duff F, DeLora P, Eason M;;; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA.
BACKGROUND: The addition of NFV (750 mg tid) to SQV-SGC (1200 mg single dose) results in a 392% increase in SQV-SGC levels without increased incidence of toxicity. This metabolic interaction may benefit children with intrinsically high rates of metabolism in ways such as greater viral load suppression and delayed devel
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:61-2 (abstract no. 12249)
Gibb D;;; Mortimer Market Centre, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that addition of lamivudine ( 3TC ) to zidovudine (ZDV) containing regimens slows progression of disease and improves survival in adults with HIV-1 infection.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:62 (abstract no. 12250)
Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Wattanaporn P, Handsudewechakul R, Subhamitra B, Vithayasai V, Le Coeur S;;; Orstom/Harvard School of Public Health, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy of a uniform three-month treatment for mothers and six-week treatment for infants with treatments shortened to one month in mothers and/or three days in infants for the prevention of perinatal HIV; assess the safety and tolerance of ZDV given to pregnant women and their infants; study th
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:62 (abstract no. 12251)
Nadal D, Steiner F;;; Pediatric AIDS Group of Switzerland, Zurich.
OBJECTIVES: To document effects and side effects of ritonavir and nelfinavir in HIV-infected children. DESIGN: Prospective, open label, multicenter study. METHODS: Children receiving 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors were offered from 7/1996 to 7/1997 additional ritonavir (2 x 350 mg/m2/day) or after 8/97 additional n
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:62 (abstract no. 12252)
Saez-Llorens X, Castrejon Alba MM, Guerra EC, McClemon DR, Gilbert CA, McCoig CC, Ramilo O;;; Hospital del Nino Servicio Infectiologia Arda. Balboa Panama.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: This study was designed to compare the effect of 3TC /ZDV/ABC vs. 3TC/ZDV on CSF viral load and clinical manifestations of HIV encephalopathy in children. Viral load was assessed using the NASBA assay (Organon Teknika). RESULTS: 26 children were enrolled in this sub-study. At baseline, 21 (87%)
BACKGROUND: HIV encephalopathy (ENC) occurs in 20% of pediatric patients. Studies of the effects of combination antiRetroviral therapies on CSF viral load are of high priority. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether CSF HIV-1 RNA level was decreased by combination antiRetroviral therapy in 431 pts enrolled in ACTG 245 (a rand
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:63 (abstract no. 12254)
Hutton N, Joyner ML, Butz AM, Fosarelli PD;;; Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-3144, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the virologic and immunologic response to the addition of a protease inhibitor in antiRetroviral experienced, severely immunocomprised children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical care. METHODS: Children ages 1-12 yr with perinatal HIV-1 infection and CDC cl
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:63 (abstract no. 12256)
Funk MB, Linde R, Wintergerst U, Notheis G, Kaiml M, Cinatl J, Kreuz W;;; Universitats-Kinderklinik, Frankfurt, Germany.
ISSUE: Benefit and side-effects of a triple therapy with protease-inhibitor and two nucleoside-analogues were investigated in pediatric HIV-infected patients without any antiRetroviral pretreatment. PROJECT: 14 children (median age at study onset: 68 months) in stage A or B (CDC 94) were included. Informed consent was
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:63 (abstract no. 12257)
Tamalet C, Yahi N, Thuret I, Michel G, Perrimond C;;; Hopital de la Timone, Laboratoire Virologie, Marseille, France.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse genotypic changes in relation with antiRetroviral treatment in two groups of children with undetectable ( 200 HIV copies/ml) plasma viral load. DESIGN: 29 patients were studied (10 under bitherapy without protease inhibitor, 17 under tritherapy with a protease inhibitor, and 2 under quadritherapy
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:63 (abstract no. 12258)
Mitchla Z, Sharland M, Delmas N, Gibb D;;; Pharmacy Dept, St Georges Hospital, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: The use of protease inhibitors in adults has been widely demonstrated to provide superior clinical efficacy when used as part of the antiRetroviral combination therapy . However, to date very little data is available on the clinical effect of using a protease inhibitor in paediatrics.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:64 (abstract no. 12259)
Thuret I, Michel G, Chambost H, Yahi N, Tamalet C, Perrimond H;;; Hematologie Pediatrique Timone Enfants, Marseille, France.
2 Among 30 children treated with triple therapy including Ritonavir (400 mg/m2 twice daily) mi a single institution, 22 patients were evaluated for treatment efficacy. 6 children were not included because of a follow-up duration less than 6 months and 2 because of gastrointestinal intolerance leading to stop Ritonavir
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:64 (abstract no. 12260)
Kline M, Fletcher CV, Brundage RC, Calles NR, Moreau EL, Steimer JL, Buss NE, Duff F, DeLora P, Eason M;;; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston 77030, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, tolerance, safety, immunologic effects, and antiviral activity of saquinavir soft gelatin capsules (SQV-SGC) given in combination with nucleoside antiRetroviral agents (NRTIs) in HIV-infected children. METHODS: Fourteen HIV-infected children aged 3 to 13 years are being tre
BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the perceptions of parents to their child s participation in a clinical trial. The published studies have focused on issues around informed consent and characteristics of families agreeing to participate. OBJECTIVES: To explore the experience of parents/care givers to their child s
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:64 (abstract no. 12262)
Rubini NP, Leal DW, Arabe J, Capelo AV, Freitas EH, Sion FS, Morais-de-sa CA;;; University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: Investigate the effects of combination antiRetroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor (PI) in children and adolescents with advanced HIV infection. METHODS: A prospective study of all the patients with advanced HIV infection, aged 15 years or younger, treated at the Pediatric Immunologic Clinic, who were
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:64-5 (abstract no. 12263)
Petrea S, Iosif I, Darasteanu I, Mardarescu M, Strauss I, Gheorghe E, Petre C;;; Colentina Hospital Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania.
ISSUE: In Bucharest-- Romania there is a Day Clinic for Children with HIV/AIDS named SUNFLOWER DAYCLINIC and placed in the Hospital for Infectious Diseases Colentina. In the Day Clinic we care more than 700 children with non-vertical transmitted HIV infection and AIDS. Part of these children receive different antiRetro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:65 (abstract no. 12265)
Colebunders R, Desmet P, De Roo A, Boelaert J, Simons P, Vandercam B;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerance of ritonavir- saquinavir (RIT-SAQ) + 1 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with indinavir (IND) + 2 NRTIs. METHODS: An open randomised multicentre clinical trial among patients with HIV infection
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:65-6 (abstract no. 12268)
Reiss P, Weverling GJ, Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Lundgren JD, d'Arminio Monforte A, Benfield TL;;; Natec Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: The proportion of patients who stop primary or secondary prophylaxis for HIV-related opportunistic infections is currently unknown; of particular interest are those patients who discontinue following sustained rises in CD4 cell counts, following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:66 (abstract no. 12269)
Pollner J, Aronson NE, McHugh S, Nielson R, Hawkes C;;; Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA.
BACKGROUND: Increases in cholesterol among HIV patients taking both ritonavir and indinavir have been reported. We looked at changes in cholesterol among HIV patients on all approved protease inhibitors (PI).
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:66 (abstract no. 12270)
Ueno T, Mimoto T, Shintani M, Sato H, Yusa K, Mitsuya H, Hayashi H;;; Pharm. & Biotech. Lab., Japan Energy Co., Saitama, Japan.
BACKGROUND: To define the anti-HIV-1 activity of and HIV-1 resistance profiles against a novel allophenylnorstatine-containing HIV protease inhibitor JE-2147 (formerly called KNI-764). METHODS: Drug concentrations that inhibit HIV-1 replication by 50% (IC50) were determined in antiviral assays using multiple viral isol
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:66 (abstract no. 12271)
Wit F, Van Leeuwen R, Weverling GJ, Danner SA, Reiss P, De Wolf F, Lange JM;;; Natec, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
OBJECTIVES: So far only limited information is available on the long term effect of HAART. We compared the virological outcome of protease inhibitor containing HAART in an outpatient clinic in Amsterdam. METHODS: Consecutive HIV-1 infected patients starting their first protease inhibitor containing
OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome associated with the initiation of different protease inhibitors (PI). DESIGN: Since May 1994, the EuroSIDA study (cohort I and II) has prospectively followed unselected patients with a baseline CD4 count
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:67 (abstract no. 12275)
Skowron G, Leoung G, Berman BY, Dusek A, Anderson R, Grosso R, Beebe S;;; Roger Williams Hosp/Brown University, Providence Rhode Island 02908, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the ability of the combination of d4T , NFV and NVP (dNN) to suppress HIV-1 viral load to fewer than 50 copies/ml during 5 months of therapy. DESIGN: Open label extension study after a 5 week pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction and safety study. METHODS: Entry criteria for the initial PK study includ
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:67 (abstract no. 12276)
Iribarren JA, Rodriguez-Arrondo F, Arrizabalaga I, Von Wichmann MA, Camino X;;; Infections Disease Unit, Hospital Aranzazu San Sebastian, Guipauzcoa, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the changes due to the implementation of HAART in overall and short-term mortality from AIDS, new cases of AIDS, hospital admissions, average stay and outpatient care in patients attended to in our hospital. METHODS: From a cohort of 1175 HIV-infected patients in 1996 (440 with AIDS at 1/1/96),
BACKGROUND: A major obstacle to antiviral therapy for HIV is the emergence of drug resistance. JE-2147 (KNI-764) is a novel inhibitor of HIV-1 protease that has potent antiviral activity and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex should lead to a better understanding of the s
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:68 (abstract no. 12278)
Hogg R, Yip B, Craib KJ, Schechter MT, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize survival following the initiation of double and triple combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among HIV+ individuals with free access to ARV medications. METHODS: In BC, antiretroviral therapies are distributed free of charge according to specific therapeutic guidelines. Study subjects were
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:68 (abstract no. 12279)
Holder D, Shivaprakash M, Schleif WA, Chodakewitz JA, Condra JH, Emini EA;;; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: For patients on indinavir (IDV)-containing therapy, resistant virus selection is, in general, slower in patients who succeed in suppressing virus to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:68 (abstract no. 12280)
Wong T, Reggy A, Chiasson MA, Simonds R, Loo V, Heffess J;;; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
BACKGROUND: In NYC, the number of HIV/AIDS deaths dropped 30% between 1995 and 1996. We evaluated the association between combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors (CPI) and mortality among AIDS patients. METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, a random sample was selected from the NYC H
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:68 (abstract no. 12281)
Poggi CI, Lafeuillade A, Hittinger G, Chollet L, Rieu A, Pradie MP, Profizi N;;; Laboratorie Bilogie, C.H.I.T.S. Toulon-La Seyne Sur Mer, France.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the antiviral response to nelfinavir used after failure of 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) + another PI, and to correlate it with genotypic resistance. DESIGN: Open-label study with monthly evaluation. METHODS: 20 patients (pts) with plasma RNA > 10,000 copies/ml (Amplicor Roche) treated
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:69 (abstract no. 12282)
Grabar S, Costagliola D;;; INSERM SCG Faculte De Medicine S'Antoine, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with progression to a new AIDS defining event (ADE) or death in patients with triple therapy including a Protease Inhibitor (PI). METHODS: From the French Clinical Epidemiology Database on HIV-seropositive subjects followed in hospitals, data of patients that used for the fir
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:69 (abstract no. 12283)
van Hove G, Arribas JR, Lazzarin A, Martin T, Moroni M, Vanhove G, MacLeod C;;; ABBOTT Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
INTRODUCTION: Transient adverse events (AEs) frequently occur at the start of ritonavir (RTV) therapy, possibly related to high RTV plasma levels when initiated at 600 mg BID. Because RTV induces its own metabolism, plasma levels decrease, reaching steady state after 14 days. Dose escalation may help avoid high initial
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:69 (abstract no. 12284)
Dulioust E, Tachet des Combes A, Finkielsztejn L, de Almeida M, Salmon-Ceron D, Jouannet P, Rouzioux C, Sicard D;;; Hopital Cochin, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of treatments including protease inhibitors (PI) on HIV-RNA load in seminal plasma, and to compare it with the evolution of plasma HIV-RNA load. SUBJECTS: Patients beginning their first therapy by PI, irrespective to their previous treatments and to the other anti-retroviral drugs associ
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:69 (abstract no. 12285)
Walmsley S, Walach C, Moses A, Salit I, Humar A, Fletcher D;;; University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
BACKGROUND: Despite the emergence of non-overlapping genotypic mutational sites with antiretroviral therapy, data is emerging that treatment with one PI blunts the response to a second PI containing combination. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the antiviral effect and predictors of antiviral response to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:69-70 (abstract no. 12286)
Ochoa de Echaguen A, Dalmau Juanola D, Xercauins M, Vidal J, Martinez X, Sanchez C, Garau X;;; Dr. Robert N(o).5 Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between plasmatic levels for the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir and their intersubject variability with immunologic (CD4+ cell counts) and virologic (plasma HIV-1 RNA) parameters. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 31 compliant HIV-1 infected patients who were using indinavir (
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:70 (abstract no. 12287)
Duncombe C, Bloch M, Austin D, Quan D;;; Holdsworth Clinic, Sydney, Australia.
BACKGROUND: Dislipidaemia and a syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy (loss of fat in the arms, legs, and face and concomitant weight loss) have been observed in patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in serum lipids and weight in patients with established lipodystrophy switchin
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:70 (abstract no. 12288)
Rodriguez-Rosado R, Garcia-Samaniego J, Soriano V, Munoz F, Gonzalez-Lahoz J;;; Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: The life expectancy of HIV+ patients has dramatically changed in the last two years after the introduction of triple drug combinations, mainly those including protease inhibitors . However, issues on compliance and adverse effects has now became evident as a limiting cause of benefit in a substantial propor
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:70 (abstract no. 12289)
Boggetto N, Bouras A, De Rosny E, Benatalah Z, Reboud-Ravaux M, Sicsic S;;; Istitut Jacques Monod, Univ. Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel constrained dimerization inhibitors of HIV-1 protease DESIGN: To target the antiparallel beta-sheet formed by the interdigitation of N- and C-terminal strands of each enzymic monomer, molecules based on a conformationally-constrained spacer Ar attached to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:70 (abstract no. 12290)
Isaacs R, Havlir D, Pottage J, Kahn J, Shikuma C, Mehrotra D;;; UCSD Treatment Center, USA.
BACKGROUND: Simplified dosing regimens with potent antiretroviral therapy may improve adherence and outcome of HIV therapy. We compared the antiviral activity and safety of a twice daily regimen (BID group: IDV 1200 mg q12H in combination with EFV 300 mg q12H) to that of a thrice daily regimen (TID group: IDV 1000 mg q
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:71 (abstract no. 12291)
Schinkel J, Coutinho RA, Van Ameijden EJ;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate in our cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) 1) the proportion of subjects that started combination treatment with protease inhibitors (PIs) 2) determinants of initiating treatment and 3) the impact of treatment on CD4 counts, viral load and drug use. METHODS: 1) We estimated the cumulative in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:71 (abstract no. 12292)
Lewis S, Ho-Kean A, Gajewski LK, Vanscoy GJ;;; Stadtlanders Managed Pharmacy Services, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA.
ISSUE: Determination of the long-term effectiveness of a prescriber-targeted educational process directed at optimizing indinavir dosing in a large US patient base. PROJECT: HIV/AIDS patients on indinavir therapy must be maintained on an optimal dose of indinavir to delay emergence of resistant viral strains.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:71 (abstract no. 12293)
Kauffman GR, Zaunders J, Kelleher AD, Duncombe C, Carr A, Cooper DA;;; Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hosp., Sydney, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the activation of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV positive patients on a highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) with low to undetectable viral load. METHODS: 23 male HIV patients (age 40 +/- 7) were included, who were treated with SQV/RTV and two nucleosides for at least 48 weeks. 4-
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:71 (abstract no. 12294)
Staszewski S, Phillips A, Miller V, Sabin CA, Carlebach A, Brodt R, Berger A, Hill A;;; Zentrum Der Inneren Medizin, Frankfurt, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To assess factors associated with virological response to protease inhibitors in a large clinic population. DESIGN: Prospective study of patients starting protease inhibitor therapy. METHODS: 663 patients from a large outpatient clinic were followed a median of 10 months from the time of starting a protease
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:71 (abstract no. 12295)
Mellors J, Japour AJ, Leonard J, Sun E, Xu Y, Salgo M;;; Univ. Pittsburgh, Pa 15261, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Summarize the safety and efficacy of RTV-SQV regimens through 72 wks in protease inhibitor naive HIV-positive pts with CD4 counts of 100-500/microL. DESIGN: Prospective, open-label randomized study with four RTV-SQV dose regimens. RTIs were added for pts whose viral load did not reach or maintain
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:72 (abstract no. 12296)
De Jose MI, Bastero R, Ramos-Amador JT, Fortuny C, Bertran JM, Gonzalez-Montero R;;; Servicio De Pediatria, Hospital La Paz Paseo De La Castellana, Madrid, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To review the safety tolerance and efficacy of ritonavir (R) in combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRI) in children. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of ART with R in the setting of 11 pediatric hospitals from December 1996 to November 1997.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:72 (abstract no. 12297)
Boukli N, Meyohas MC, Picard O, Petit JC, Morand-Joubert L;;; Hopital Saint-Antoine Sce Virologie, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of HIV viral load and CD4 T cells count in a cohort of 334 patients treated with a triple combination therapy with protease inhibitor ( indinavir ). METHODS: Between March 1996 and March 1997, a total of 334 HIV infected patients received two combinations p
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:72 (abstract no. 12298)
Walsh J, Dalton M, Gill J, Wilkinson D, Burgess AP, Gazzard BG;;; St. Stephen's Centre, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: The longterm success of HEART is likely to depend on the degree of adherence to the chosen regimen. However the prevalence of non-adherence with HEART is largely undocumented. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of non-adherence with proteinase inhibitor (PI) based HEART, and elucidate demographic and l
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:72 (abstract no. 12299)
Bonnet E, Cuzin L, Sailler L, Obadia M, Marchou B, Caron P, Massip P;;; Service Des Maladies Infectieuses Hopitaln Purpan, Toulouse, France.
BACKGROUND: Physical symptoms compatible with acquired lipodystrophy of lower limbs and face occured in 12% of our protease inhibitors treated patients. METHODS: 12 patients have been evaluated for metabolic disorders able to explain this side effect. To date, results are available for 8 of them. RESULTS: There were 5
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:72-3 (abstract no. 12300)
Yu G, Clendeninn NJ, Quart B, Greenberg L, Chang Y;;; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.
DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: Investigated the relationship and influence of HIV-RNA, up to the time of response, on the duration of response. METHODS: A number of potent anti-HIV treatments are currently available in suppressing the viral load in patients infected with HIV. Strategy is ne
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:73 (abstract no. 12301)
Farthing C, Sension M, Pilson R, Siemon-Hryczyk P;;; AIDS Health Care Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
BACKGROUND: Saquinavir is the most potent protease inhibitor in vitro. Based on recent clinical studies, 1,200 mg TID FORTOVASE (saquinavir) soft gel capsule (SGC) delivers plasma drug concentrations 10 times those of the approved hard gel formulation dose. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of FOR
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:73 (abstract no. 12303)
Lohmeyer J, Selhorst J, Friese G, Teichmann J, Discher T;;; Department of Internal Medicine, JLU, Giessen, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate on the basis of intention to treat the immunological and anti-retroviral efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of a four drug BID regimen combining nelfinavir / saquinavir double protease inhibitor (PI) treatment with two nucleo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:73 (abstract no. 12304)
Kerr B, Pithavala Y, Zhang M, Knowles M, Daniels R, Anderson R;;; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.
PURPOSE: To characterize the virologic response-plasma drug concentration relationship for nelfinavir (NFV). METHODS: Pharmacodynamic analysis was performed of results from a Phase III study in which treatment-naive patients received AZT +
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:74 (abstract no. 12305)
Farnsworth A, Squires K, Currier JS, Clark R, Zorrilla C, Till M, Gersten M;;; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in HIV-infected women the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of nelfinavir (NFV) plus saquinavir-hard gel capsule (SQV-HGC) administered either BID or TID, with stavudine (
BACKGROUND: Controversial data exist about the virological outcome of patients who switch to indinavir after Saquinavir therapy failure. METHODS: We prospectively studied 50 patients, out of 112 starting saquinavir therapy from March 96 to March 97, in whom a chan
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:74 (abstract no. 12307)
Hogg R, Jahke N, Harris M, Hogg RS, Yip B, Sherlock C, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS;;; B.C. Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a higher (600 mg bid) and lower dose (400 mg bid) combination regimens of ritonavir and saquinavir (RTV = SQV) among HIV+ antiretroviral experienced adults in a population-based HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment program i
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:74 (abstract no. 12308)
Bouchard O, Gavazzi G, Leclercq P, Bosseray A, Queyrel V, Micoud M;;; Service Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Michallon, Grenoble, France.
Onset diabetes mellitus in patients infected with HIV is rare, and would concern less 0.5% out of patients. Since the use of Protease Inhibitor (PI), hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus have been reported. We report 3 new cases of diabetes mellitus associated with PI and analyze the mechanisms by which diabetes mellit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:75 (abstract no. 12309)
Courpotin C, Nicolas JC, Dollfus C, Reguerre Y, Roques P, Lasfargues G, Leverger G;;; Hopital d'Enfants A. Trousseau, Paris, France.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of antiretroviral combination-therapies: tritherapies (T3): 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) + 1 protease inhibitor (PI) and quadritherapies (T4): 2 RTI + 2 PI, in 19 HIV 1 infected children (15 vertical transmission). The median age at initiation of T3 was 110
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:75 (abstract no. 12310)
Scerpella E, Moreno JN, Dashefsky M, Jayaweera DT, Boulanger C, Rodriguez AE;;; University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
We describe the results obtained using the double protease combination of Ritonavir plus Saquinavir (RIT + SAQ) as salvage therapy in 23 antiretroviral-experienced patients attending our outpatient clinic at Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:75 (abstract no. 12311)
Leavitt R, McMahon D, Meibohm A, Aversa D, Goodwin D;;; Merck Research Laboratories, Blue Bell, PA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of IDV 800 mg q8h plus ZDV 300 mg q12h plus 3TC 150 mg q12h on long term suppression of serum viral RNA in treatment-naive patients with early HIV-1 infection defined as CD4 cell counts > or = 500 cells/mm3, serum viral RNA (vRNA) > 1000 copies/mL, and no history of HIV associated condi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:75 (abstract no. 12312)
Chiese A, Vella S, Dally LG, Waimer LE, Geraci A;;; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita-Lab. Virology, Rome, Italy.
BACKGROUND: The introduction of protease inhibitors (PI) as treatment for HIV-positive patients in clinical practice is a fairly recent event. Ritonavir , Saquinavir and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:75-6 (abstract no. 12313)
Vernazza P, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Flepp M, Malinverni R, Tellenti A, Morgenthaler S, Hirschel B, Roth F;;; Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVES: This open label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of saquinavir + ritonavir + d4T in HIV-1 infected patients with moderate to severe immunosuppression.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:76 (abstract no. 12314)
Cohen C, Siemon-Hryczk P, Pilson R, Holzknecht B, Phillips K, Karol C, Palleja S;;; Community Research Initiative, Brookline, MA 02146, USA.
BACKGROUND: Fortovase ( Saquinavir ) Soft Gel Capsules has been shown to be a potent protease inhibitor in single and double PI combination regimens. This study compares the antiviral activity and safety of Fortovase (FTV) TID + 2 nucleoside analogs (NAs) to that of F
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:76 (abstract no. 12315)
Molla A, Chernyavskiy T, Vasavanonda S, Praestgaard J, Lin T, Sun E, Kohlbrenner W, Kempf D;;;
The use of combinations of protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection is under wide investigation as a means of devising highly suppressive/potent therapeutic regimens that are also convenient and well tolerated. In particular, the ability of riton
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:76 (abstract no. 12316)
Fatkenheuer G, Hunn N, Jutte A, Hoetelmans R, Franzen C, Sallberger B;;; Klinik Fur Innere Medizin, Univ Koln, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the virological and clinical outcome of ritonavir (RTV) and saquinavir (SQV) combination therapy is extensively pretreated HIV infected patients; to correlate plasma levels of RTV and SQV with
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:76 (abstract no. 12317)
Egger M, Telenti A, Wirz M, Battegay M;;; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To compare progression to AIDS and death among patients treated with indinavir (IDR), ritonavir (RIT) or saquinavir (SQR, hard capsules) in combination with the same two nucleosid
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:76-7 (abstract no. 12318)
Haubrich R, Currier JS, Forthal D, Beall G, Kemper C, Dube M, McCutchan JA;;; UCSD Treatment Center 92103-6325, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the factors associated with improved virologic response in patients receiving ritonavir (RTV) therapy in a clinical practice setting. METHODS: We evaluated ritonavir use in a prospective trial of unrestricted ARV therapy. HIV RNA and CD4 were measured every 2 months and ARV changes were carefull
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:77 (abstract no. 12319)
Henry K;;;
Lipid abnormalities are increasingly linked to use of protease inhibitors (PI). OBJECTIVE: To assess the status of cholesterol (mg/dl) and triglyceride (mg/dl) levels in patients receiving PI therapy, identify clinical sequalae, develop and implement a treatment strategy based on National Cholesterol Education Program
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:77 (abstract no. 12320)
Bermudez MA, Perez-Tamarit D, Otero MC, Sirera R, Cordoba J, Gonzalez-Molina A, Asensi F;;; Infecciosos-Hopital Infantil La Fe, Valencia, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To know the effectiveness of protease inhibitors ( Indinavir and Ritonavir ) in HIV-infected children who had not been previously treated with these drugs. METHODS: 22 HIV-infected children (11 males and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:77 (abstract no. 12321)
Haubrich R;;; USCD Treatment Center, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety, tolerance and antiviral activity of 141W94 ( Amprenavir , USAN approved) in combination with zidovudine (ZDV)/ 3TC in patients with HIV infection and to generat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:77 (abstract no. 12322)
Mastroianni CM, Mengoni F, Lichtner M, D'Agostino C, Forcina G, Corpolongo A, Vullo V;;; Dept Infect Trop Dis, La Sapienza University, Poclinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of highly active antiRetroviral treatment (HAART) regimens (two nucleoside analogs plus ritonavir or indinavir ) on the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte function in ten HIV-infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts 20-
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:78 (abstract no. 12323)
Adams GB, Poznansky MC, McClure MO, Weber JN, Pym AS;;; Dept. of G.U. Medicine and Communicable Disease, Jefferis Research Trust Laboratories, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, UK.
BACKGROUND: We wished to study what effects combination antiRetroviral drug therapy had on the levels of CD34+ colony-forming units (CFU-Cs) in the peripheral blood of HIV+ patients, thereby extrapolating the possible effects that HIV-1 has on these cells in vivo. METHODS: CD34+ cells were selected from the peripheral
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:78 (abstract no. 12324)
Antela A, Perez-Elias MJ, Casado JL, Dronda F, Sabido R, Moreno L, Quereda C;;; E. Infecciosas, Hosp. Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: Ritonavir + Saquinavir (R + S) has been used as a rescue therapy in patients failing with indinavir (I). METHODS: We analyzed 27 patients who received (R + S) after (I) failure,
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:78 (abstract no. 12325)
Ferrer E, Consiglio E, Podzamczer D, Grau I, Ramon JM, Santin M, Gudiol F;;; Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the discontinuation rate of PI within the first 6 months of therapy and its causes in a cohort of patients followed at an HIV day care center. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the first 6 month evolution of patients naive for PI, who initiated a regimen including one PI, had a RNA-HIV at basel
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:78 (abstract no. 12326)
Jarrousse B, Cohen P, Soussan P, Berlurean P, Legal F, Guillevin L, Deny P;;; Hopital Avicenne-Universite Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.
OBJECTIVES: To compare efficacy and hepatic tolerance of triple combination therapy in protease inhibitors (PI) naive HIV-infected patients with or without HCV coinfection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 90 HIV-infected patients (group 1: 44 HCV negative, group 2: 46 HCV infected) who initiated PI in association with nucle
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:78 (abstract no. 12327)
Dong BJ, Gruta CI, Legg JJ;;; HIV Telephone Consultation Service, San Francisco, California 94143-0622, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To identify all cases of PI-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes reported to the National HIV Telephone Consultation Service (NHIV-TCS). METHODS: A retrospective review of all reports of hyperglycemia associated with the use of PI from 01/95 through 01/98 were identified from over 1300 clinician callers to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:78-9 (abstract no. 12328)
Zucman D, Dayras AD, Teixeita AT, Burnel SB, Bletry OB;;; Hopita Foch Medicine Interne, Suresnes, France.
ISSUE: From May 1996, indinavir is the most prescribed protease inhibitor in HIV-infected patients in France . The risk of nephrolithiasis due to this drug, known from early clinical studies, was reported to be low. PROJECT: From May 96 to March 97 in spite of the information of the patients to have abund
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:79 (abstract no. 12330)
Gallant JE, Barnett S, Raines C, Hall C;;; Johns Hopkins University School Of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-6220, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and durability of RTV/SQV salvage therapy following failure of indinavir (IDV) or nelfinavir (NFV), and to determine correlates of success or failure of salvage therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records identif
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:79 (abstract no. 12331)
Chene G, Binquet C, Moreau JF, Neau D, Ceccaldi J, Dabis F;;; Inserm Unit 330, Bordeaux, France.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between CD4+ response after initiation of Protease Inhibitors (PI) and the occurrence of opportunistic infections (OI) and survival. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort. METHODS: We used data of a cohort study, set up in HIV centers of Bordeaux University Hospital (Aquitaine C
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:79 (abstract no. 12332)
Cohen CJ, Hellinger JA, Stein AJ, Gallant J, Gathe J, Keiser P;;; CRI of New England, Brookline, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: The goal of HIV combination therapy is maximal durable suppression, which requires near complete dosing of all agents used. While regimens using either indinavir or ritonavir /
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:80 (abstract no. 12333)
Souza E, Silva GA, Araujo W, Montarroyos AC, Veras M, Correia N;;;
BACKGROUND: Ritonavir is the only PI licensed for use in children in Brazil . Due to its remarkably bitter taste and adverse reactions, the authors had the aim to determine the tolerance, adverse reactions and compliance to combination therapy including Ri
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:80 (abstract no. 12334)
Cuzin L, Duchesne P, Elias Z, Bonnet E, Massip P;;; Maladies Infectieuses Hopital Purpan, Toulouse, France.
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitors (PI) containing regimens have been responsible for dramatic decrease of the HIV viral load (VL) in clinical studies, resulting on PI s wide use in Europe since 1996. Unfortunately some patients have no virological benefice when taking PI. The aim of our study was to describe the characte
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:80 (abstract no. 12335)
Steigbigel RT, Cooper D, Clumeck N, Ghosh K, Nguyen BY;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, HSC Suny, SB Stony, Brook, NY 11794-8153, USA.
BACKGROUND: This study was designed and implemented when the potential advantage of combination therapy for HIV was unknown. To determine the utility of combination therapy with a potent protease inhibitor and reverse transcriptase inhibitor, we compared the effects on CD4 cells, vRNA, and safety of a)
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:80 (abstract no. 12336)
Rodriguez-Rosado R, Soriano V, Jimenez I, Anton P, Gonzalea-Lahoz J;;; Service Infectious Diseases, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: The combination of two protease inhibitors (RTV & SQV) with two nucleosides represents one of the most potent antiRetroviral therapies. It has been used in patients with very high viral loads, in those failing or developing toxicity after being exposed to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:80 (abstract no. 12337)
Suter F, Maggiolo F, Bottura P, Pirali A, Marchetti G, Pravettoni G;;; General Hospital, Malattie Infettive Ospedale di Circolo, Busto Arsizio, Italy.
We studied the role of indinavir (IDV) and saquinavir (SQV) in various triple drug combinations. 144 patients received IDV and 169 SQV. The two cohorts were comparable as far as sex (111 vs 113 males), age (mean 36.3 vs 35.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:81 (abstract no. 12338)
Perez-Elias MJ, Casado JL, Antella A, Dronda F, Blazquez J, Munoz V, Marti-Belda P;;; Hospital Ramon & Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: Limited effectiveness has been reported with the use of protease inhibitor (PI) therapy in PI-experienced patients. The aim of this study was to assess the virological effectiveness and factors associated to response in patients receiving a second PI. METHODS: We prospectively studied 190 HIV-infected patie
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:81 (abstract no. 12339)
Sato H, Shintani MS, Mimoto TM, Terashima KT, Hayashi HH, Mitsuya HM;;; Japan Energy Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
BACKGROUND: To examine the potential of an HIV protease inhibitor (PI), KNI-272, for therapy of HIV-1 infection when combined with other PIs. METHOD: Cross resistance between PIs was examined using various drug resistant HIV-1 strains generated in vitro. Antiviral activity of KNI 272 combined other Pis was analyzed in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:81 (abstract no. 12340)
Horst HA, Hoffman CH;;; 2nd Depart. Int. Medicine, University of Kiel, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a three drug antiRetroviral therapy (ART) including saquinavir and the efficacy of subsequent protease inhibitor (PI) containing regimens in reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) experienced patients. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 29 (28 males) HIV-1-infected and RTI e
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:81 (abstract no. 12341)
Del Bono V, Fenoglio D, Pontali E, Terranova MP, Donelli E, Manca F, Bassetti D;;; Dept. INF. DIS. S. Martino Hosp. Univ. Genoa, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine changes of in vitro antigen specific CD4 cell function in HAART patients DESIGN: 6 months follow-up of patients. METHODS: 14 patients, 11 males and 3 females (mean age 38 +/- 5 years), were randomly selected for this study based on their informed consent. Blood samples were obtained at time 0 (p
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:81-2 (abstract no. 12342)
Brooks JT, Vliet Vander M, Sax PE;;; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of changing from nelfinavir (NFV)- to indinavir (IDV)-containing regimens and the associated mutations in HIV protease and reverse transcriptase. METHOD: Cases were selected from trials of NFV combined with reverse transcriptas
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:82 (abstract no. 12343)
Palella F, Moorman A, Delaney R, Loveless M, Fuhrer J, Aschman D, Holmberg S;;; Northwestern Mem Hosp, Aids Clin TX Unit, Chicago, IL, USA.
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To evaluate trends in morbidity and mortality we analyzed data electronically charted from outpatient visits of over 3,000 patients in 8 private and two public HIV primary care clinics in the US from 1/94 through 6/97. RESULTS: We calculated quarterly death and opportunistic infection (OI) rates
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:82 (abstract no. 12344)
Stevens RC, McCauley J, Flynn P, Rodman J;;; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
BACKGROUND: Proposed guidelines for the use of antiRetroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection recommends that one protease inhibitor (PI) plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) be the preferred regimen in HIV-infected children. The purpose of this study was to review the experience with this com
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:82 (abstract no. 12345)
Costagliola D;;; INSERM SCG Faculte De Medicine, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: The wide access to protease inhibitors (PI) in France since April 1996 offers the opportunity to study their impact on the incidence of the clinical manifestations of HIV infection in a large sample of seropositive subjects included in the French Clinical Epidemiology Database on HIV seropositive subjects fo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:82 (abstract no. 12346)
Lupo S, Benetucci J, Casiro A, Roland H, Bortolozzi R, Garcia Messina O, Pedrola M;;; Muniz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experience with Protease Inhibitors (PI) in clinical practice in HIV infection patients (Pts). To evaluate the clinical impact and the effects on CD4 counts and Viral Load as well as its toxicity and tolerance to treatment. METHODS: This is a retrospective study with patients from five differe
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:82-3 (abstract no. 12347)
Losso MH, Duran AD, Flaster NF, Tessler JT;;; Hospital Ramox Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of protease inhibitors concomitant therapy in the response to OGCV in patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of OGCV in the maintenance treatment of stable CMV retinitis. METHODS: This was an open-label, non-comparative, prospective study of OGCV (10
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:83 (abstract no. 12348)
Garcia Mesina O, Pugliese D, Ortega G, Carlevaro R, Oliva M, Benetucci J;;; Hospital Muniz Ward 17/Fundai Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the follow up of 71 patients undergoing the combination of 2 inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (IRT) associated with Saquinavir (S). METHOD: Of all the patients in our center, 71 are having a triple association combining 2 IRT with S. Out of this 71 patients, 14 (19.7%) are women and 57 (80.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:83 (abstract no. 12349)
Higersberger J, Ignatowska A, Rzeszkowicz-Wasilewska T, Weber-Kaniuk I, Bednarska A, Bakowska E, Horban A;;; Infectious Diseases Hospital, Warszawa, Poland.
OBJECTIVE: To assess tolerability of treatment during first 6 months therapy with protease inhibitors (PI): ritonavir (RTV)- Norvir (r), indina
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:83 (abstract no. 12350)
Horban A, Ignatowska A, Latarska D, Higersberger J, Burkacka E, Zgodka A, Lipniaki A;;; AIDS Diagnosis & Therapy Center, Warszawa, Poland.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effect of treatment with indinavir and 2 NRTIs in HIV infected patients. METHODS: 14 patients (pts) (mean CD4 116 +/- 85.7) were treated with indinavir and 2 NRTIs. 5 pts were naive and 9 non-naive. CD4 level was determined by flow cytometry (Ortho). Viral load (VL) was determined retrospectivel
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:83 (abstract no. 12351)
Reynes J, Denisi R, Bicart-see A, Izopet J, Pellegrin I, Segondy M;;; Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
BACKGROUND: The prolonged intracellular half-life of the active intracellular metabolite of ddI (ddATP) allows for infrequent administration. The low frequency of resistance to stavudine ( d
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:83-4 (abstract no. 12352)
Rusnak J, Berry A, Stinnette B, Sharkey K, Zhov S, Dyall K, Vahey M;;; Audie Murphy Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA.
INTRO: Once daily dosing of ddI should be effective as suggested by the 12-24 hour intracellular half life, and would simplify both medication and meal schedules for patients on triple drug therapy. The study purpose is to 1) assess efficacy of once daily ddI (using pediatric suspension ddI with cherry flavored mylanta
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:84 (abstract no. 12353)
Hetherington S, Steel HM, Lafon S, Spreen W, Pearce G;;; Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
BACKGROUND: Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) in phase III trials for the treatment of HIV infection. A comprehensive understanding of the safety profile is crucial for optimal use of ABC. METHODS: Data from the following studies will be used to define the safety profile of ABC: 1) open lab
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:84 (abstract no. 12354)
Straube E, Kuhlmann BK, Weimann MW, Hoetelman RH, Von Wussow P;;; Nieagnae Study-Group Germany, Hannover, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: Very limited data about CSF level of various antiretroviral agents are available. METHODS: 26 patients with HIV infection, who were on combination therapy with stavudine , underwent lumbar puncture for different neurological reasons. CD4-count varied from 64 to 803 cells/microlite
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:84 (abstract no. 12355)
Brady K, Aldrich J, Broston R, MacGregor RR;;; Hospital of the U. of Penn., Philadelphia 19104, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To establish the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma ratio of stavudine (d4t) in persons with HIV both at steady state and after a single 40 mg dose. METHODS: 30 subjects with HIV were recruited to undergo an elective lumbar puncture (LP). Fifteen subjects were on chronic d4t therapy for clinical reasons. T
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:84 (abstract no. 12356)
Gallicchio V, Mayhew C, Elford HL;;; University of Kentucky, Medical Center, Lexington, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of novel RRIs to inhibit retroviral replication and development of lymphoma in the murine model of AIDS. DESIGN: Experimental, in vivo, animal study. METHODS: C57BL6 female mice were inoculated i.p. with LP-BM5 MuLV. Non-infected and infected animals were treated with Didox (300 or 460
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:84 (abstract no. 12357)
Daly P, Green SL, Freimuth WW, Conklin MA, Huang DC, Wathen LK;;; Hampton Rd. Medical Spec PC, Hampton, VA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and efficacy of RESCRIPTOR(r) (DLV, delavirdine mesylate) in Triple and Quadruple Combinations with zidovudine (ZDV), indinavir (IDV) and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:85 (abstract no. 12358)
Kiefer LL, Furman PA, Painter GR, Liberman I, Hill EL, Borroto KB, Chu CK, Schinazi RF;;; Triangle Pharmaceuticals Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the anti-HIV-1 activity of (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane (DAPD) and dioxolane guanosine (DXG) and to determine the mechanism of action of DAPD. RESULTS: DAPD and its metabolite DXG are inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in vitro. The EC50 values against HIV-1 in MT2 cells for DAPD and DXG a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:85 (abstract no. 12360)
Dusek A, Hall D, Lamson M, Myers M;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Rigdgfield, CT, USA.
BACKGROUND: Nevirapine (NVP) is a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. In pivotal clinical trials it was dosed as one 200 mg tablet x 14 days, followed by one 200 mg tablet twice-daily (BID) thereafter, due to auto-induction CYP450 enzymes. It is > 90% bioavailable, widely distributed, and isn t affec
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:85 (abstract no. 12361)
Raboud J, Montaner JS, Rae S, Bucciardini R, Floridio M, Ricciardulli D, Vella S;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To compare virologic response by baseline plasma viral load (pVL) in a meta-analysis of two randomized trials of ZDV/ ddI vs ZDV/ddI/NVP. METHODS: Original data from 170 antiretroviral naive patients with pVL and CD4 measurements at baseline in the INCAS and ISS047 trials were pooled together in a single da
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:85-6 (abstract no. 12362)
Yuasa S, Nakade K, Piras J, Baba M;;; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: MKC-442 is a potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI), and clinical trials of MKC-442 as combination therapies with nucleoside RTIs are in progress. To investigate the profiles of MKC-442 in drug-resistance, long-term cultivation of infected cells with wild-type and mutant HIV-1 were carrie
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:86 (abstract no. 12363)
Fragola V, Floridia M, Bucciardini R, Ricciardulli D, Weimer LE, Galluzzo CM, Pirillo MF, Andreotti M;;; Instituto Speriore Di Sanita-Lab. Virology, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between CD4 and RNA changes during antiRetroviral treatment in previously untreated patients with AIDS or CD4+
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:86 (abstract no. 12364)
Montaner JS, Montessori V, Raboud JM, Conway B, Robinson P, Myers M, Hall D;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
BACKGROUND: The stated goal of antiRetorviral therapy is to decrease plasma viral load (pVL) below 400 to 500 copies/mL. More sensitive assay are now available fore quantitation to 40 to 50 copies/mL. OBJECTIVE: The assess the relationship between duration of pVL suppression and the pVL nadir attained. METHODS: PVL was
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:86 (abstract no. 12365)
Raboud J, Montaner JS, Rae S, Bucciardini R, Floridio M, Vella S;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between plasma viral load (pVL) nadir and duration of virologic suppression in a meta-analysis of two randomized trials of ZDV/ ddI vs ZDV/ddI/NVP. METHODS: Original data from 170 antiRetroviral naive patients with baseline CD4 and pVL in INCAS and ISS047 trials were pooled tog
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:86-7 (abstract no. 12366)
Buckheit R, Russell J, Boltz VF, Pallansch LA, Xu ZQ, Flavin M;;; Southern Research Instiute, Frederick, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVES: The anti-HIV agent (+)-calanolide A exhibits properties which renders it unique among the class of NNRTIs. Thus, we believe that (+)-calanolide A may be useful in the therapy of AIDS patients as one component of an antiviral drug cocktail, supplementing existing protease inhibitor cocktails. Calanolide A is
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:87 (abstract no. 12367)
Rae S, Vella S, Floridia M, Bucciardini R, Raboud JM, Montaner JS;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of ZDV/ ddI vs ZDV/ddI/NVP on clinical endpoints, plasma viral load (pVL) and CD4 counts in a meta-analysis of two randomized trials. METHODS: Original data from 170 antiretroviral naive patients with CD4 and pVL data at baseline in INCAS and ISS047 were pooled together in a single dat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:87 (abstract no. 12368)
Robinson P, Montaner JS;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Rigdefield, CT, USA.
Patients (pts) who participated in INCAS (a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in treatment-naive patients) and who were originally randomized to receive NVP/ZDV/ ddI were eligible to continue on open-label triple therapy after the end of INCAS. We describe further long-term immunological and virological response a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:87 (abstract no. 12369)
Estrada J, Pacheco M, Lavalle C;;; Hospital De Infectologia, Paseo De Taxquena, Mexico.
BACKGROUND: Early studies of ddl + NVP + ZDV regimen has not showed a benefical-effect on viral load in nucleoside-experienced patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of NVP + 3TC + ZDV in two cohorts of HIV infected-patients: nucleoside-experienced (NE) and treatment-naive (TN) patients. METHODS: Patients with d
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:86 (abstract no. 12370)
Haffar O, Smithgall MD, Dubrovsky L, Burkinsky M;;; Cytokine Networks Inc, Seattle, WA 98119, USA.
BACKGROUND: Active nuclear transport of the HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) which contains the viral genome is necessary for productive infection of both primary macrophages as well as primary CD4+ T cells. Nuclear transport is mediated by the interaction of the HIV-1 matrix protein (MA) nuclear localization sequenc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:87-8 (abstract no. 12371)
Lori F, Jessen H, Clerici M, Lieberman J, Walker B, Siliciano RF, Lisziewicz J;;; Right-Policlinico S Matteo, Padiglione Forlanini, PLE Golgi, Pavia, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Activation and proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 cells is essential for HIV replication and pathogenesis. Combining a drug suppressing cell proliferation (hydroxyurea, HU) with drugs suppressing HIV ( didanosine , ddI and a protease inhibitor
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:88 (abstract no. 12372)
Dieleman J, Gyssens IC, van der Ende ME, de Marie S, Burger DM;;; Internal Medicine (L-448), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To asses the association of indinavir related urologic complications and indinavir plasma levels. DESIGN: Case-series, comparing indinavir plasma levels in cases with average levels in a control group. METHODS: 17 patients (5 women) taking 800 mg tid indinavir, who presented with overt urologic complaints (r
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:88 (abstract no. 12374)
Moxham C, Blum MR, Kargl DJ, Quinn JB, Rousseau FS, Barry DW;;; Triangle Pharmaceuticals Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
BACKGROUND: MKC-442 is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has demonstrated potent antiviral activity in a Phase I/II trial. MKC-442 is metabolized in vitro by CYP3A4/3A5. Prior to initiation of efficacy trials with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, pharmacokinetic interaction evaluations h
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:88-9 (abstract no. 12376)
Newschaffer CJ, Cocroft J, Hauck WW, Anderson CE, Fanning TR, Turner BJ;;; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
BACKGROUND: While the 076 clinical trial found no increase in the prevalence of birth defects among children whose mothers used zidovudine (ZDV) under protocol, the population experience of mothers using this drug is also important in evaluating the safety of ZDV in pregnancy. METHODS: We examined the prevalence of maj
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:89 (abstract no. 12377)
Mauss S, Wolf E, Pascucci R, Virg G, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H;;; KIS, Curatorium for Immunedeficiency, Munich, Germany.
RATIONALE: There is preliminary evidence that use of HIV protease inhibitors is associated with an increased incidence of Diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of Diabetes mellitus in the patient population of a private HIV outpatient clinic and to identify possible risk factors. METHODS: The data of al
BACKGROUND: Saquinavir (SQV) is widely used in first line combination therapies including protease inhibitors (PI). SQV has a limited bioavailability and is intensively metabolized by the cytochrome p 450 system of the liver. Especially RIT is known as a potent inhibitor of cytochrome p 4
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:89 (abstract no. 12379)
Rickerts V, Hanel H, Leder T, Stazzewski S, Stille W;;; Theodor-Stern-KAI 7/Uni-Klinikum/HS68, Frankfurt, AM Main, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: Indinavir is a virologic active and clinically important inhibitor of HIV-protease. Nephrolithiasis without impairment of renal function is a well known side effect which occurred in 3% of patients in clinical trials. DESIGN AND METHODS: We prospectively monitored urine sediment and serum creatinine in 256
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:89 (abstract no. 12380)
Blum MR, Moxham CP, Kargl DJ, Quinn JB, Barry DW, Rousseau FS;;; Triangle Pharmaceuticals Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
BACKGROUND: MKC-442 is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has demonstrated potent antiviral activity in a Phase I/II trial. MKC-442 is metabolized in vitro by CYP3A4/5. Prior to initiation of efficacy trials with other antiviral agents, pharmacokinetic interaction studies have been conducted. OBJECTI
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:89-90 (abstract no. 12381)
Chang E, Deleo M, Liu YT, Tetreault D, Beall G;;; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of PIs on serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), and glucose (G). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 232 HIV-infected patients newly treated with a PI for 1 month or more. Random TG, CHOL, and G at baseline and during treatment were compared. The patient group was 5% Asian
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:90 (abstract no. 12382)
Rasca AF, Bonnabry P, Dayer P;;; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the inhibition potential of P450 mediated liver oxidation by HIV protease inhibitors in human liver microsomes. METHODS: Using inhibition of midazolam 1 -hydroxylation as prototype reaction for CYP3A4 and inhibition of dextromethorphan O-demethylation for CYP2D6, 1 -hydroxy-midazolam and dext
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:90 (abstract no. 12383)
Razzeca K, Odenheimer S, Davis M, Landeck K;;; Camino Medical Group, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
NFV is the 4th protease inhibitor (PI) approved for use in the US for the TX of HIV infection. Mild to severe diarrhea (DIA) can be associated with the use of NFV. A retrospective chart review of pts who had NFVID was done to determine the effectiveness of TX with Imodium(r) (IMD, Janssen), Lomotil(r) (LOM,
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:90 (abstract no. 12384)
Emmanuel A, Gillotin C, Farinotti R, Sadler BM;;; Glaxo Wellcome, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
The potential pharmacokinetic interaction between atovaquone and indinavir was investigated in 24 healthy adult volunteers (12 males, 12 females). This was an open-label, randomized, multiple-dose, 3-way cross-over study in which subjects received 750 mg atovaquone bid, 800 mg indinavir tid and 750 mg atovaquone bid +
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:90 (abstract no. 12385)
Hooker M, Arlett PR, Lee GH, Cave AH, Darbyshire JH, Breckenridge AM, Rawlins M;;; MRC HIV Clinical Trials Centre, ULLMS, London, UK.
ISSUES: Spontaneous reporting of suspected ADRs is particularly important for anti-HIV drugs since many are licensed on the basis of limited safety data, and they are likely to be used in combination. Further, individuals with HIV infection are often treated with many other drugs in particular for the prevention and tr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:90-1 (abstract no. 12386)
Barriere S, Winslow D, Coakley D, Rooney J;;; GILEAD Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To summarize the serious and/or Grade 3 or Grade 4 severity adverse events that have been reported in Phase II/III clinical trials with adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon(tm)) for the treatment of HIV infection. DESIGN & METHODS: Retrospective search and analysis of databases from completed and ongoing clinica
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:91 (abstract no. 12387)
Sala Rodo M, Pena R, Cervantes M, Font B, Serrate G, Segura F;;; AIDS Unit Internal Med. DP. Inf. Dis Program Corp. Sanitaria Parc., Barcelona, Spain.
INTRODUCTION: New-onset diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia have occurred in HIV-infected patients treated with all four FDA-approved protease inhibitors . The mechanism by which protease inhibitors cause diabetes is unclear, perhaps as a result of inhibition of the protease that converts proinsulin to insulin. The occ
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:91 (abstract no. 12388)
Nelson MR, Gazzard B, Kooner RS, Smith G, Jordan K, Dineen M, Ramsay J;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, England, UK.
AIM: Define the incidence, characterize the clinical picture and suggest a management plan for loin pain in patients on indinavir . METHOD: Retrospective case review of 573 patients on indinavir from April 1996 to October 1997. RESULTS: The 42 presentations with loin pain occurred in 38 patients (35 M, 3 F) giving an i
BACKGROUND: During the course of its clinical development, a number of concurrently and historically controlled studies were conducted in order to characterized the likelihood and magnitude of various key drug-drug interactions with the HIV-1 protease inhibitor amprenavir (USAN approved name). METHODS: Six concurrently
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:91 (abstract no. 12390)
Bonnabry P, Rasca AF, Leemann T, Dayer P;;; Division of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and differentiate the risk of in vivo drug interactions due to inhibition of specific cytochrome P450 isoforms by HIV protease inhibitors . DESIGN: Data of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in vitro inhibitions by indinavir ,
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:91-2 (abstract no. 12391)
Wong KH, Ho TY, Chan CW, Lee SS;;; AIDS Unit, Department of Health, Yaumatei Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of facial atrophy and its associated factors in patients with HIV infection receiving protease inhibitors . DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: During a 2-month period, from August to October 1997, all patients with HIV infection receiving protease inhibitors seen at the Department
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:92 (abstract no. 12392)
Kosmyna JM, MacArthur RD;;; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the number of patients from a large urban medical center population who reported diarrhea while on the protease inhibitor nelfinavir (NFV) and to evaluate the severity and treatment of the diarrhea. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review with data abstraction. METHODS: We performed a database searc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:92 (abstract no. 12393)
Delmas C, Szafir D, Trylesinski A, Andriamanamihaja M, Correia P, Dohin E, Goers JM;;; Drug Safety, Products Roche France, Neuilly, Surseine, France.
OBJECTIVE: Assess the safety of Viracept in patients (pts) included in the French compassionate program (ATU) since Apr 97. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were: intolerance or contra-indication to the 3 registered protease inhibitors or therapy failure to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:92 (abstract no. 12394)
Gerber J, Johnson S;;; Univ Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between urinary pH and urine concentration, and the development of indinavir-induced nephrolithiasis. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of of medical records from a University-based HIV/AIDS Clinic to identify subjects with indinavir-induced nephrolithiasis and to compare to subj
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:92 (abstract no. 12395)
Caldwell R, Rothstein A, Allmon C, Montoya JG, Zolopa A;;; Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of hyperglycemia associated with protease inhibitors in a clinical practice setting. DESIGN: Retrospective, case review study. METHODS: To determine the magnitude of this adverse effect, all medical records of a university-based HIV clinic were reviewed for use of protease inhibit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:92-3 (abstract no. 12396)
Lewis S, Gajewski L, Ho-Kean A, Vanscoy GY;;; Stadtlanders Managed Pharmacy Services, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA.
ISSUE: Determination of the effectiveness of a nationwide prescriber-targeted educational process directed at optimizing indinavir dosing in combination with nevirapine . PROJECT: HIV/AIDS patients who are candidates for indinavir therapy must be initiated and mainta
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:93 (abstract no. 12397)
Raffi F, Mussini JM, Reliquet V, Chennebault JM, La Feuillade A;;; Maladies Infectieuses Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France.
OBJECTIVE: To assess incidence, evolution and predictive factors of peripheral neuropathy occurring during stavudine- didanosine combination therapy . METHODS: Sixty-five HIV-infected patients (pts) with prior antiretroviral therapy > 3 m
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:93 (abstract no. 12398)
Boix V, Reus S, Priego M, Merino E, Roman F, Climent E, Portilla J;;; Hospital General Universitario Alicante, Spain.
BACKGROUND: In the last months, protese inhibitors-induced lipodistrophy (PIIL) is emerging as a growing problem. The clinical spectrum and the array of the offending drugs seem to be expanding. OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence, clinical findings, timing and follow up of PIIL in a University Hospital. DESIGN AND M
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:93 (abstract no. 12399)
Martinez E, Leguizamon M, del Rio A, Rodriguez A, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis is the main adverse effect associated with indinavir use. The reported incidence by the manufacturer is 5 percent. We have observed a variable incidence of nephrolithiasis along one-year in the adult HIV-1 infected population who used indinavir at our hospital. OBJECTIVE: To study the potent
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:93 (abstract no. 12400)
Nemechek PM, Conry M, Westerfelt A, Eicher B, Chase GW;;; University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, USA.
METHODS: Three focus groups with approx. 10 men each were conducted in one medical care setting. Areas explored included their understanding HIV, sources of information, strategies for staying on schedule, situations which frustrate ADH, and their advice for monitoring ADH. RESULTS: Participants ranged in age from 26 t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:93 (abstract no. 12401)
Hawkins T;;; Southwest C.A. R.E. Clinic, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea commonly occurs as a side effect of treatment with the protease inhibitor nelfinavir (NLF) for HIV infection. Clinicians have recommended psyllium husk (PH) and other over-the counter remedies to patients for relief of NLF-associated diarrhea. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of use of PH am
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:94 (abstract no. 12402)
Reynolds N, Neidig J, Vocca R;;; Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral drug therapies are associated with adverse secondary symptoms that can potentially limit their effectiveness. Reliable data on the incidence and severity of nausea accompanying combination antiretroviral therapies is lacking. METHODS: A prospective time series design was used to a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:94 (abstract no. 12403)
Viciana P, Prados MD, Gomez Vera G, Cordero E, Villanueva JL, Caballero J, Pachon J;;; Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, Seville, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To report another unusual depositions of fatty-like tissue at the base of the posterior neck in the buffalo hump configuration in 4 patients undergoing HAART combination for HIV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 4 patients are 3 woman and 1 gay male. Average age 34 years old. They were noted to have develo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:94 (abstract no. 12404)
Nogueira S, Garcia MF, Mercadante RT, Abreu TF, Oliveira RH, Lambert JS;;; Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
ISSUE: The WHO has recommended breast feeding for HIV infected women even though it is a known risk for transmission of HIV from mother to infant. Alternatives must be found which do not compromise the infants health. PROJECT: As part of an Integrated Program for the case of HIV infected pregnant women and their childr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:94-5 (abstract no. 12406)
MacNeil J, Kilonzo G, Mberesero F;;; Family Health International, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To identify differences in sexual risk reduction among HIV+ individuals enrolled in a program of enhanced care and support, compared to those who received regular services. METHOD: Using a randomized control design, 154 newly diagnosed sexually active HIV+ individuals who had received post-test counseling in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:95 (abstract no. 12407)
Mwachari C, Nganga L, Kimari J, Odhiambo J, Waiyaki P, Cohen CR;;; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is the most common cause of morbidity among human immunodefeciency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected adults living in developing countries. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm for management of RTI i
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:95 (abstract no. 12408)
Changedia SM, Gilada IS, Merchart RH;;; House Physician, I.H.O.-Bombay, MH, India.
BACKGROUND: With the HIV epidemic in its third phase affecting a large number of women, India , ridden with poverty (GNP 150$), illiteracy, double standards and multiple scandals, has some activists for the cause of trees, animals and human rights. But strangely enough, a child in the womb is not covered under any of t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:96 (abstract no. 12413)
Kanga K;;;
ISSUE: The rapidly growing number of IDUs and Heroin users with very high risk behavior, the increasing percentage of HIV/AIDS and the high incidene of T.B. in the Slums of New Delhi urgently need Detoxification encompassing a holistic approach involving HIV awareness, support systems and rehabilitation. PROJECT: The d
OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the attitudes of conventional health workers (CHW) about traditional health practices in relation to STD/HIV/AIDS 2. To get CHW s views about training of traditional healers in basic clinical diagnostic skills. METHODS: 79 CHW including doctors, nurses and midwives were randomly selected and in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:96 (abstract no. 12415)
Mtemeli D;;; Ministry of Health, PMD Manicaland, Mutare, Zimbabwe.
ISSUE: AIDS cases continue to escalate in the province. Rural areas are experiencing the same devastation as the urban areas. The majority of the people live in the rural area and those in urban areas go home (to the rural area) to die. Medical services are experiencing a growing demand because of AIDS. The Chinyadza H
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:96-7 (abstract no. 12416)
Lepage P, Spira R, Pillay K, Giaquinto C, Kalibala S, Dabis F;;; Centre Interuniversitaire A. Pare, Mons, Belgium.
ISSUES: (1) To review the available natural history data on pediatric HIV infection in developping countries; (2) To discuss the current experience in management of HIV-infected children; 3. To identify the key areas where clinical research should be conducted. METHODS: (1) Review of the literature; 2. Questionnaires o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:97 (abstract no. 12417)
Konde-Lule J, Somoka C, Nabisubi G, Sengooba F;;; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
ISSUE: In many parts of Uganda the demand for AIDS health care and counselling is greater than the conventional health sector can provide. Community based AIDS prevention and care groups have been organized to fill the gap. These consist of volunteers who receive minimal training. The quality of service they provide is
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:97 (abstract no. 12418)
Misra K, Verma K;;; MIVA Foundations, Howrah, West Bengal.
OBJECTIVE: To review services existing in Calcutta, West Bengal for care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS, to accumulate information regarding monitoring of HIV positive and AIDS patients and to find out availability of antiretrovirals in Calcutta. METHODOLOGY: Face to face and telephonic interviews were take
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:97 (abstract no. 12419)
Francis L;;; The Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.
ISSUE: The reality of HIV infection in developing countries is that access to even the most basic medications for opportunistic infections (o.i.s) (antibiotics, antifungals etc.) let alone anti-retrovirals, is an impossible dream for the forseable future. Therefore, totally different strategies for survival must be urg
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:97 (abstract no. 12420)
Boonkeaw P, Likitwonnawut U, Panitchpakdi P, Caroensin I;;;
About 40 percent of the reported AIDS cases have been reported from northern Thailand . The incidence of AIDS related morbidity and mortality is high in rural villages. The Integrated Community-Based Care for People with HIV/AIDS and their families (ICBC) project, funded by the European Union, aims to stimulate communi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:97 (abstract no. 12421)
Squire SB, Hargreaves NJ, Salaniponi FM, Nyangulu DS, Kadzakumanja O, Phiri S;;; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate, within the context of a donor-supported National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTBCP), the proportion of patients registered as sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases who have TB that can be confirmed on micriobiological criteria. DESIGN: Prospective assessment of randomly se
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:98 (abstract no. 12422)
Bhandari K, Gilada IS;;; HOPES, Sumangal, Bombay, India.
BACKGROUND: Stigma attached to extra-marital sex is squarely extended to HIV/AIDS. There is poor acceptance of PLWHAs. Being fatal disease, misconceptions are a common phenomena. Patients at risk are scared of breach in confidentiality and find anonymitous, integrated and comprehensive set up as the most acceptable opt
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:98 (abstract no. 12423)
Kaluvya SE, Boerma TJ, Mkumbo EN, Klokke A;;; Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
BACKGROUND: Studies from hospitals in Africa have suggested that, even with moderate HIV prevalence, HIV/AIDS increases the patient load dramatically, adds more strain to the meagre health budgets, which may affect the quality of care for all patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of AIDS on an urban hospital while
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:98 (abstract no. 12424)
Soyinka F;;; Dept. of Dermatology-Ven. College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria.
OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine health and psychosocial needs of PLWA in Nigeria . (2) To structure a self-sustaining, family and community participatory programme. DESIGN: Qualitative and quantitative interview. Pilot intervention programme. METHOD: (1) PLWA, were interviewed on their health and psychosocial needs, their
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:98 (abstract no. 12425)
Shah R, Trikamani R;;; KMA AIDS Cell, Jobanputra Clinic, Kandivli (W) Mumbai.
ISSUE: Inadequate beds in Municipal Hospitals, High cost of care in big pvt. institutions & fear of identification, the indoor care of +ve pts. depends on samll pvt nursing homes (NH). This NH requires encouragement to admit the +ve pts when needed since symptomatic pts are increasing in suburbs of Mumbai. PROJECT:
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:98-9 (abstract no. 12426)
Pujari S, Gupte N, Wadia R;;; HIV Unit Ruby Hall Clinic, University of Poona Pune, India.
OBJECTIVES: To determine correlation of CD4 counts with Total Lymphocyte counts (TLC) in HIV infected subjects and to develop a model to predict CD4 counts from TLC. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from Oct. 96 to Nov. 97 METHODS: Adult subjects with confirmed HIV infection, irrespective of clinical status were recrui
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:99 (abstract no. 12427)
Chimere-Dan GC, Mnguni GN;;; Institute of Urban Primary Health Care, Bergvlei, South Africa.
ISSUES: An evaluation of the activities of organizations operating the community-based home-based model of care for PWA should be a prerequisite for adopting such a model at the provincial or national level in South Africa . PROJECT: The activities of Friends for Life, a community-based non-governmental organization (N
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:99 (abstract no. 12428)
Batusa RJ;;; Church of Uganda, Kampa, Uganda.
ISSUE: The limited hospital resources in developing countries can no longer satisfy the need created by the increasing number of infections. PROJECT: A survey conducted in 2 big hospitals in Kampala showed the following 51% of patients in medical wards were infected with HIV. 20% fulfilled the case definition for AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:99 (abstract no. 12429)
Portela M, Campello Junior J, Oliveira HN, Ferreira VM;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the profile of the AIDS inpatient care covered by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in 1995 and 1996. METHOD: We analyzed AIDS discharge data from the Hospitalizations Information System of SUS that includes demographic, health care resource use and diagnosis information conce
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:99 (abstract no. 12430)
Damison H, Chimzawa M, Kondwani A, Reeler A;;; National AIDS Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi.
OBJECTIVES: 1. To identify priority problems related to access to drugs and care by chronically ill people; 2. To identify positive resources at community level; and 3. To assess collaboration between health systems and communities. METHODOLOGY: Data were collected through focus group discussions, observations, intervi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:99 (abstract no. 12431)
Unal S, Sain G, Uzun O, Cetinkaya Y, Kocagoz S, Akova M;;; Hacettepe University Section of Infectious Diseases, Ankara, Turkey.
OBJECTIVES: To define problems faced during follow up and treatment of HIV-infected patients. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were followed between June 1986 and December 1997 in Hacettepe University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases with the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Since qua
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:100 (abstract no. 12432)
Mlingo O;;;
Care for people living with AIDS in the homes continues to increase as the hospitals discharge the patients for continued care at home. Voluntary caregivers in the City, nurse an average 300 of such patients per month, the majority being breadwinners. Lack of resources have been highlighted. In 1994 the Mayor of Bulawa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:100 (abstract no. 12433)
Govindaraj S, Jav D;;;
OBJECTIVES: To study existing accessibility of HIV/AIDS care in the community of Kolar district, Karnataka state-INDIA; where case load of AIDS is high. METHODS: A total of 76 households were selected by simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria were HIV positive or AIDS cases attending the Kolar General Hospital with
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:100 (abstract no. 12434)
Chipanta D, Sichone M, Haworth A;;; National AIDS STD TB Leprosy Program Lusaka, Zambia.
ISSUES: Provision of specific treatment to people living with HIV/AIDS PROBLEM: Many countries of the third world have limited resources for the provision of any health care. Costs for laboratory control is high and may even require importation of specialised equipments and reagents. In many countries in Africa, there
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:100 (abstract no. 12435)
Gilada IS, Jerajani R;;; Indian Health Orgn., Bombay, India.
OBJECTIVE: A country which in population is second to one and in HIV second to none, needs to urgently focus the AIDS intervention efforts on war-footing. We can ill-afford to wait any further to learn and re-learn the costly surveillence methodologies. To develop an HIV/STDs Risk Map and test this hypothesis in a deve
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:100 (abstract no. 12436)
Sampaio NM, Santi LQ, Silva DI, Rabelo JA;;; Nova Suissa Belo Horizonte Cep, Hospital Eduardo De Menezes, Brazil.
ISSUE: Antiretroviral drus are a complex prescription. PROJECT: The antiretrovirals drugs are offered in the Public Health Service in Brasil. In order to use these drugs in a judicious way it was created a Committee of Antiretrovirals in Hospital Eduardo de Menezes-BH-MG-Brasil. It has the purpose of deciding with the
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:100 (abstract no. 12437)
Greco AA;;;
ISSUE: In the area of influence of the HOSPITAL DR. OSCAR ALENDE (Ing. Budge-Buenos Aires), the problem of AIDS was never addressed. A remarkable increase in HIV cases called for the creation of a specific unit to treat this disease, with very limited resources. PROJECT: To meet this increasing demand, we established t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:101 (abstract no. 12438)
Yurin O, Kravchenko A, Gorbachova E, Pokrovsky VV;;; Russian Aids Centre, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: As both combination therapy and monotherapy by AZT is inaccessible for the many of HIV+ patients it still remaines essential to work out a cheaper treatment for those patients. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. METHODOLOGY: The clinical and immunological observation during 4
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:101 (abstract no. 12439)
Bhuyan N, Kutir S;;;
ISSUES: The special needs of AIDS patients in the Third World country like India can be effectively met through the introduction of hospice care system on a wider scale as part of the cost-effective home and community care programme. OBSERVATION: In Assam, situated in North-Eastern part of India, where the first AIDS c
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:101 (abstract no. 12440)
Jerajani RN, Pareira J;;; Kripa Foundation, Bombay, India.
ISSUES: Support services in group. One can give an opportunity to learn and the possibility of living a risk free life to the people, but to bring about the relatively permanent change of attitudes in the life it takes the motivation time and the persistent efforts on part of clients. More often then not on their own t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:101 (abstract no. 12441)
Machinjili AA;;;
ISSUE: Malawi is faced with many persons living with HIV/AIDS so much so that there were 1850 people who were confirmed positive HIV from January to June, 1997. But the patients who met the clinical requirements for suspecting AIDS the same period were 2,203. PROJECT: With the high numbers of HIV infected people and th
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:101 (abstract no. 12442)
Burke J, Cohen M, Cook J, Weber K, Garcia P, Sha B, Hershow R;;; Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To identify sources of dissatisfaction with care among HIV+ WIHS participants in Chicago, Illinois. METHODS: The WIHS is a multi-center longitudinal study of HIV disease progression in women in the US The Chicago consortium comprises four urban medical centers including one public hospital. Data from HIV+ pa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:102 (abstract no. 12445)
Scott-Lennox J, Braun JF, Morrow JE, Lawson K, Tirelli R, Dietrich D, Hergenroeder P, Kreiswirth S, McMeeking A, Mullen M, Weiz K;;; Outcomes Research Associates, Inc., Hillsbotough, NC, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To develop and test a brief, self-report survey to monitor how people with HIV infection or AIDS evaluate the quality of the primary care they receive in outpatient settings. METHODS: Audio taped focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted with 31 HIV-infected patients of a NYC multi-specialty outp
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:102 (abstract no. 12446)
Manheimer S, Kuteyi V, Minnifield C, el-Sadr W, Hunt J;;; Harlem Hospital/Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the extent of antiretroviral (AR) use among HIV-infected outpatients in Harlem in 1997 ( 97) and 1995 ( 95), and to evaluate for changes in attitude regarding ARs. DESIGN: Patient surveys. METHODS: Surveys were conducted by a nonphysician in 97 and 95 among adult HIV-infected outpatients (pts) in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:102-3 (abstract no. 12447)
London K, Indyk D, Clark J, Stancliff S, Lee A, Nardi S;;; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the unmet needs of a population of actively drug using persons living in congregate settings for homeless persons with AIDS who are served there by a needle exchange program (NEP). DESIGN: A convenient sample. METHODS: In November 1996, in conjunction with offering influenza vaccinations on-site to
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:103 (abstract no. 12448)
Inoue Y, Wakabayashi C;;; Japanese Aids Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: To identify features of HIV information state as well as to find out evaluation for these information by HIV/AIDS patients and HIV/AIDS medical staffs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 318 clients who are registered for the SHIP NEWSLETTER (the only newsletter dealing HIV treatment information for HIV positive persons
OBJECTIVES: There are inconsistent estimations whether or not the new treatment options increase or decrease the the problem of neurological and psychiatric disorders in people with HIV/AIDS. We wanted to gain aspects of the subjective insight into the problems of people directly and indirectly affected by those proble
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:103 (abstract no. 12450)
Bertholon D;;; Aides, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES: To study the point of view of the persons taking treatment regarding benefits and impact of treatment in daily life. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: The survey was conducted between 1st june and 15th july 1997 with a self-administrated questionnaire in the 102 AIDES Chapters throughout France . The questionn
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:103 (abstract no. 12451)
Pounds M, Finkelstein E, Warfield P, Park JC;;; HRSA, Rockville, MD, USA.
ISSUE: Developing and disseminating examples of effective methods for conducting HIV/AIDS-related client satisfaction activities that involve people living with HIV, are linked to clinical outcome measures and whose results are used to improve the service delivery system. PROJECT: Ryan White CARE Act grantees (which in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:103-4 (abstract no. 12452)
Aloisi MS, Girardi E, Carballo M, D'Arminio Monforte A, Arici C, Ippolito G;;; Centro Rifer AIDS-Irccs OSP L.Spallanzani, Roma, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine patient perspective of health, clinical disease and care also in relation to the news antiretroviral therapies and to correlate these data with clinical and biological course of the infection. DESIGN: Multicentre study nested within a cohort study on the natural history of HIV infection. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:104 (abstract no. 12453)
Powell A, O'Neill JF, Holloway JE, Gomez MG;;; US Health Resources & Services Admin, USA.
ISSUE: The Ryan White CARE Act provides Federal funds for HIV care services (over $1 billion in 1998). The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) promotes and facilitates and involvement of PLWH in planning activities of CARE Act-funded HIV care services to ensure that services responsive to consumer needs
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:104 (abstract no. 12454)
Revsin NS, Burgos M, Vilas A;;; Fundacion RED-Resources Studies Development, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
ISSUE: Throughout antiretroviral therapies patients face the following difficulties. 1-a. from the beginning the onset of conflicts within the work and family environment arising from having to make their hiv condition apparent, and the need to modify their daily routines as per their medication regime; 1-b. throughout
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:104 (abstract no. 12455)
Sonawat R;;;
ISSUE: In the Indian scenario, persons with HIV/AIDS are vulnerable to rejection and feelings of guilt. Discrimination occurs in housing, jobs, health care and public assistance, due to both contagion and prejudice. These irrational fears and negative public responses are confronted daily by patients, families and advo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:104 (abstract no. 12456)
Inoue Y, Wakabayashi C;;; Japanese AIDS Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To study the views of HIV infected persons and their medical careers in Japan on involvement in decision making and information seeking. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 318 clients who are registered for the SHIP NEWSLETTER (the only newsletter dealing HIV treatment information for HIV positive persons in Japan) mail
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:104 (abstract no. 12457)
Mendez R, Zaldivar S;;; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) Alabang Muntinlupa City, Philippines.
ISSUE: Why do Conference Symposia with persons living with AIDS (PLWAs) as panelists constantly get jam packed with participants? When I raised this question during the 4th Int l Conference on AIDS in ASIA and the Pacific (ICAAP), my friend suggested that I find the answers as participants have their objectives and exp
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:105 (abstract no. 12458)
Sinclair LA, Wong KY, Lee YM, Wong WK;;; Society for AIDS Care, Hong Kong, China.
ISSUE: The Development of a Quality of life monitoring tool from client focused parameters, incorporating a holistic, longitudinal perspective. PROJECT: Given the changing management of client care, through pharmacological intervention and disease understanding, an intervention aimed at quality of life for people livin
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:105 (abstract no. 12459)
Songwathana P;;; Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla Uni., Hatyai Songkla, Thailand.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the health seeking behaviours of people living with HIV/AIDS in southern Thailand . DESIGN: Ethnographic study. METHODS: 15 patients and 20 primary caregivers recruited from hospital and villages of Hatyai District, Songkla Province were participated in in-depth interviews and participant obervati
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:52 (abstract no. 125/12203)
Albrecht M, Katzenstein D, Bosch RJ, Liou SH, Hammer SM;;; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: ACTG 302/303 subjects derived from the initial rollover trials of the ACTG 175 study group represent a well-defined population with long-term nucleoside analog experience in which the effect of adding NNRTIs and/or protease inhibitors to new RTIs in combination can be evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To determine pro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:55-6 (abstract no. 126/12221)
Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, Lunnogren JO, Mathiesen L, Kirk O, Nielsen H, Katzenstein T;;; Department Infectious Diseases C. Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of a protease inhibitor in combination with two nucleoside analogues has been established. However, it is not known which protease inhibitor or combination hereof, that is the best. In a randomised, controlled trial we compared the efficacy and safety of three different protease inhibitor regim
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:57 (abstract no. 127/12230)
Fischl M, Greenberg S, Clumeck N, Peters B, Rubio R, Pobiner B, Verity L;;; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Assess safety and activity of ABC/ 3TC /ZDV vs. 3TC/ZDV at 16 and 48 weeks (wks) of therapy. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind phase III clinical trial. METHODS: 173 HIV-infected, antiRetroviral treatment naive subjects who had > or = 100 CD4+ cells/mm3 were randomized to receive ABC 300 mg bid or placebo an
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:63 (abstract no. 128/12255)
van Dyke R, Saez-Llorens X, Nelson RP, Emmanuel P, Wiznia A, Gilbert CA, Keller A;;; Tulane University, New Orleans, USA.
BACKGROUND: Fewer antiRetroviral agents are available for children than adults, and limited data regarding safety and efficacy in children are available at the time of regulatory approval for some new agents. CNAA3006 is a phase III trial comparing the safety and efficacy of 3TC /ZDV vers
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:55 (abstract no. 129/12219)
Green S, Para MF, Daly PW, Freimuth WW, Getchel LD, Greenwald CA, Wathen LK;;; Hampton RD Medical SPEVC PC, VA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the plasma HIV-1 RNA PCR and CD4 levels in 373 HIV-1+ patients with treated with DLV + ZDV + 3TC , ZDV + 3TC, or DLV + ZDV. DESIGN: Blinded, randomized study. METHODS: HIV-1+ patients with mean CD4 = 354-360 cells/mm3 and mean viral burdens of 22,000-31,000 copies/mL were randomized to a DLV + ZD
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:309 (abstract no. 130/22236)
French N, Lugadda E, Watera C, Nakiyingi J, Carpenter L, Gilks CF;;; Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda.
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare rates of malaria in a cohort of well characterised HIV-1 infected adults at different levels of immunosuppression. METHOD: Study population; 1,213 members of a pneumococcal vaccine efficacy trial enrolled between October 95 and November 97 in Entebbe, Uganda . Case ascertainment:
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:105 (abstract no. 13101)
Fahey JL, Mandy FF, Bradley J;;; Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-1747, USA. dmathies@microimmun.medsch.ucla.edu
ISSUE: Inexpensive CD4 T cell proficiency testing programs are needed to assure reproducible and comparable measurements. Measurements of CD4 T cell levels are essential to assessment of disease course because most of the course of HIV infection is asymptomatic. Quantitative CD4 T cell testing has proved essential for
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:105 (abstract no. 13102)
Tarantola D, Schwartlander B, Lamptey P;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze global trends of HIV epidemics and highlight factors that influence their relentless rises, their sudden explosive nature and, in some populations, their discrete declines. METHOD: HIV epidemics around the world have become increasingly diverse and fragmented. Created in 1996 by the AIDSCAP Proje
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:105 (abstract no. 13103)
Sullivan P, Do AN, Lal R, Tetteh C;;; Centers for Disease Control/Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Different subtypes of HIV-1 predominate in different areas of the world. Most HIV infections in the United States are caused by group M, subtype B HIV-1. Non-B HIV-1 subtypes may present problems in the diagnosis of HIV infection by enzyme immunoassay (e.g., group O HIV-1), in quantification of HIV RNA conc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:106 (abstract no. 13104)
Bernard RP, Zellweger U, Wang J, Somaini B;;; AIDS Feedback (AF), Geneva, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: To translate the end-1997 WHO/ UNAIDS best estimates of regional HIV prevalence & incidence into a world gradient of HIV progression. To create interdisciplinary instant access to the current realities by modern display methodology. DESIGN: Global analytical integration (GLANIN) of best WHO/UNAIDS World
We performed a cross sectional study on a population of HIV (+) patients (pt) that started their follow up between 9-1-97 and 12-31-97, in an ambulatory care center whose health insurance is HMO like. OBJECTIVE: to assess demographic characteristics, disease stage, opportunistic diseases (OD) and antiretroviral treatme
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:106 (abstract no. 13106)
Kamali A, Carpenter LM, Ruberantwari A, Ojwiya A, Whitworth JA;;; MRC Programme On Aids, Entebre, Uganda.
BACKGROUND: To describe trends in HIV-1 prevalence, incidence and mortality in a Ugandan adult general population cohort. METHODS: Annual censuses and serosurveys were carried out of all adults (13+ years) residing in 15 neighbouring villages in SW Uganda between 1989 and 1997. At each survey round sera were tested for
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:106 (abstract no. 13107)
Marx P, Alcabes P, Drucker E;;; New York University Medical Center, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Phylogenetic and geographical studies point to the occurrence of SIV in Africa for thousands of years without HIV s emergence. Our objective was to identify a modern biologically plausible event that accounted for the virtually simultaneous appearance, in the mid 20th century, of several different strains o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:106-7 (abstract no. 13108)
Pallangyo K, Baraki M, Lyamuya E, Mhalu F, Pallangyo N, Sandstrom E, Biberfeld G;;; Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar_Es Salaam, Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the HIV-1 incidence and associated risk factors among police officers in Dar es Salaam. METHODS: Beginning February 1994, police officers (POs) were recruited into an open cohort to determine if they were a suitable population for HIV vaccine trials. A standardized questionnaire was completed at
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:107 (abstract no. 13110)
Lyamuya E, Bredberg-Raden U, Kalliriorinne P, Olausson-Hansson E, Albert J, Mhalu F, Biberfeld G;;; Muhimbili Medical Center, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Tanzania by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) on plasma samples. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from HIV-1 seropositive asymptomatic pregnant women in Dar es Salaam (in 1995 and 1997) and Kagera (in 1997), and from recent seroconverters among police
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:107 (abstract no. 13111)
Kassim S, Wiktor SZ, Maurice C, Lawson A, Coulibaly IM;;; Project Retro-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the ten largest cities of Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: In 1997, as part of a nationwide HIV serosurveillance program, anonymous unlinked HIV testing was carried out in the capital cities of all ten regions
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:107 (abstract no. 13112)
Kane NC, Sauvageot DD, Faye MA, Diallo AG, Peeters M, Mboup S;;; Laboratoire Bacteriologie Virologie, Dakar, Senegal.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the HIV 1 genotypes present in senegal To evaluate the local diversity and the presence of possible recombinant or new clades. METHODS: Since January 1997 247 HIV 1 patients attending one of the three hospitals in Dakar were blood sampled and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separ
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:107-8 (abstract no. 13113)
Hoelscher M, Eimannsberger D, Cheingsong-Popov R, Jordan-Harder B, Nkwera H, Guertler L, Von Sonnenburg F;;; LMU-Tropical Institut, Munich, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To determine changes of subtype prevalence over time and among different population and groups in Mbeya Region, Southwest Tanzania since 1989. METHODS: The HIV-1 serotype was determined of 441 HIV+ serum samples from asymptomatic pregnant women and blood donors collected in the years 1989, 1994 and 1997. V3
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:108 (abstract no. 13114)
Kwesigabo G, Killewo J, Makwaya C, Urassa W, Mhalu F, Biberfeld G, Sandstrom A;;; Muhimbili University, College of Health Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE: To monitor the trend of HIV-1 infection in the Bukoba urban area of Kagera, Tanzania . DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. METHODS: A random population sample obtained through multistage cluster sampling techniques was established in 1987 and assessed for HIV-1 seroconversion in 1989. In
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:108 (abstract no. 13115)
Renjifo B, Mwakgile D, Msamanga G, Chaplin B, Bannberg F, Shah P, Spiegelman D, Hunter D, Fawzi W, Essex M;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: We found that HIV-1 subtype C and intersubtype recombinant genotypes are expanding in Dar es Salaam where HIV-1 subtypes A and D were once the only subtypes present in the general population. The virus subtype detected in the infants represents the presence of that virus subtype in the mothers. OBJECTIVE: G
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:108 (abstract no. 13116)
Coates T, Killewo J, Gregorich S, Sangiwa G;;; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate and describe the level of sexual risk behavior, HIV transmission knowledge and related attitudes in the population of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania . To empirically assess the need and demand for voluntary HIV counseling & testing (VCT) services in the population of Dar es Salaam. To complement th
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:108 (abstract no. 13117)
John G, Neilson J, Lewis P, Overbaugh J, Nduati RW, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Kreiss J;;; Univ. of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between HIV-1 subtype and clinical characteristics, plasma viral load, and prevalence of genital provirus in a cohort of pregnant women. METHODS: HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women in an ongoing breast feeding study were enrolled during pregnancy and an interview and physical exa
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:109 (abstract no. 13118)
Mueller O, Abbas M;;; Red Cross Society, Kampala, Uganda.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in urban Uganda . DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional household survey. METHODS: In early 1997 a standardized questionnaire was completed by trained volunteers, visiting all households covering two villages in the central Kampala parish Kibuye I. The questionnaire
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:109 (abstract no. 13119)
Hayes R, Jansen H, Mosha F, Williams L, Changalucha J, Todd J, Obasi A;;; London Sch. of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England.
OBJECTIVES: (i) To compare island communities in Lake Victoria with rural mainland communities in the same Region, with respect to the prevalence and incidence of HIV and other STDs; (ii) To assess whether identified differences in prevalence and incidence are explained by differences in sexual behaviour or other risk
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:109 (abstract no. 13120)
Najomou J, Nyankiye E, Zekeng L, Kaptue L;;; Haematology-Immunology Laboratory University Centre Hospital Yadunae, Cameroon.
BACKGROUND: HIV infection has been increasing in subsaharan african countries. Respiratory Diseases are frequently found among HIV infected individuals. The objectives were 1) to determine the prevalence of HIV1/2 and 2) to evaluate the rate of HIV1/O among the HIV infected patients. METHODS: A cluster sampling survey
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:109 (abstract no. 13121)
Kaleebu P, Yirrel D, Lyaboga F, Popov RC, French N, Gilks C, Whitworth J;;; MRC/UVRI, Entebre, Uganda.
BACKGROUND: Peptide serology has been a useful tool for serotyping HIV-1 in regions where the epidemic is recent, such as Thailand . However, this approach has been difficult in East Africa due to high cross-reactivity. We have evaluated a combination of V3 and gp41 envelope peptides followed by heteroduplex mobility a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:109 (abstract no. 13122)
Bredell H, Williamson C, Sonnenberg P, Hunt GM, Lyons SF, Tiemessen CT, Morris L;;; National Institute for Virology, Sandringham, South Africa.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of HIV-1 genetic variation and phenotypic characteristics of isolates from infected subjects employed by three adjacent South African gold mines. DESIGN: Fifty-two samples were obtained from 51 HIV-1 seropositive male patients who were admitted to a mine hospital. The patients were m
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:110 (abstract no. 13123)
Colvin M, Ballard R, Sharp B;;; Medical Research Council, Congella, South Africa.
BACKGROUND: The study purpose was to describe the distribution of STDs, including HIV, in a rural population in the Lesotho highlands as part of a baseline health survey which aimed to determine the health status of the community which will be impacted on by a new large scale dam and tunnel construction. METHODS: A cro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:110 (abstract no. 13124)
Saleh EE, el Ghazzawi E, el Sherbini I, Drew W, McFarland W, Mandel J, Coates T;;; Alexandria University, Egypt.
BACKGROUND: To data, Egypt has been relatively less affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Past studies indicate low prevalence of HIV in Egypt, even among groups found to be at high risk elsewhere. However, because the conditions for the spread of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) exist in Egypt, a high level of
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:110 (abstract no. 13125)
Engelbrecht S, Smith T, Moodley D, Clay C, Zeier M, Van Rensburg EJ;;; Department of Medical Virology, Tygerberg, South Africa.
BACKGROUND: More than 2.4 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa , one of the worst affected areas on the African continent. The envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 is the most variable region of the virus with the V3 loop, the third variable region, a major target of vaccine research. Due to the functional
OBJECTIVE: To determine the HIV seroprevalence in the general hospital Yaounde, (a) To determine the most affected age group, (b) To study the evolution of this seroprevalence from 1990 to 1997. METHODS: All patients received in the central laboratory with a request for HIV test are booked (name, age, sex). Veinous blo
BACKGROUND: Despite various interventions, HIV-1 transmission rates among Bangkok IDUs have remained high since 1988. An effective HIV-1 preventive vaccine may be needed to reduce new infections in this population. To obtain baseline data for a possible vaccine efficacy trial, a prospective cohort of IDUs was establish
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:111 (abstract no. 13128)
Poumerol G, Omit SO, Ghee AE, Fee NF;;; World Health Organization Manila, Philippines.
BACKGROUND: Due to incomplete official reporting of HIV and AIDS, estimates of HIV prevalence and AIDS incidence are needed to describe the status and trends of the HIV epidemic in many countries. METHODS: Every six months the WHO Office for the Western Pacific Region (WPR) receives reports from its 36 Member States on
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:111 (abstract no. 13129)
Des Jarlais DC, Choopanya K, Vanichseni S, Friedmann P, Raktham S, Subhachaturas W;;; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in prevalence and risk behaviors among injecting drug users in Bangkok. Bangkok experienced the first large HIV epidemic among IDUs in a developing country, with very rapid transmission occurring in 1988. METHODS: Cross-sectional prevalence and risk behavior surveys of patients conducted i
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:111 (abstract no. 13130)
Yutaka T, Kusagawa S, Sato H, Thwe M, Mra R, Kywe B, Yamazaki S;;; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To study the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 spread in Myanmar and the interplay with the epidemic in surrounding southeast Asian countries. METHODS: Totals of 30 HIV-positive blood specimens were sampled in the capital city, Yangon. HIV-1 env gene C2/V3 regions from PBMCs were amplified with PCR and sequen
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:111 (abstract no. 13131)
Yu X, Chen J, Shao Y, Beyrey C, Lai S;;; Dept Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Jhons Hopskins University Baltimore, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Over the past several years, there have been reports of increasing prevalence of drug abuse, particularly injection drug use, in China . Over the same period, HIV-1 appears to have spread rapidly in this population, though detailed prevalence studies have been scarce. There is also some evidence that HIV inf
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:111-2 (abstract no. 13132)
Shao Y, Su L, Sun XH, Xing H, Pan PL, Wolf H, Shen J;;; National AIDS Reference Lab (NARL), Beijing, PR China.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the HIV subtypes and to study their geographic and risk distribution, correlations and transmission chains of various HIV strains in China . DESIGN: Follow-up study combined with cross section study. METHODS: The HIV subtypes were determined by both serotyping with V3 peptides EIA and genotypin
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:112 (abstract no. 13133)
Subbarao S, Vanichseni S, Mastro TD, Kitayaporn D, Raktham S, Young NL, Srisuwanvilai L, Luo CC, Hart C;;; Retrovirus Disease Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: The initial 1988 epidemic among IDUs in Bangkok was largely due to envelope (env) subtype B (Thai B) strains, but subtype E has increased in prevalence in recent years. Since 1995, HIV-1 seroconverting IDUs have been identified in a prospective cohort study to determine the feasibility of conducting an HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:112 (abstract no. 13134)
Chaowanachan T, Young NL, Limpakarnjanarat K, Ungchusak K, Wasinrapee P, Pau CP, Kaewpunt N, Suksripanich O, Mastro TD;;; HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
OBJECTIVE: To describe geographic and temporal trends of HIV-1 subtypes BO (Thai B) and E among persons with heterosexual risk and injecting drug users (IDUs). DESIGN: Multiple cross-sectional surveys. METHODS: Unlinked HIV-positive serum specimens were collected from persons with heterosexual risk (STD patients, anten
BACKGROUND: HIV infection began to spread rapidly among female sex workers in northern Thailand in the late 1980s. However, there are very limited data on disease progression and mortality rates from Asia. METHODS: Female sex workers in Chiang Rai province were enrolled in a cohort study from 1991 through 1994 and eval
OBJECTIVES: Heterosexual exposure is a major risk factor for HIV infection among Thai men. Same-sex behavior may be as well. We investigated the epidemiologic roles male same-sex behavior may play in Thailand . METHODS: Two populations have been studied to assess risks and rates for HIV infection, among northern Thai m
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:112-3 (abstract no. 13137)
Santiago ML, Santiago EG, Hafalla JC, Manalo MA, Orantia L, Borromeo ME, Meyer KH;;; Intl Health Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
BACKGROUND: Despite initial projections of rapid epidemic spread of HIV-1 in the Philippines , epidemiologic surveillance from 1985-1997 reveal a stable low-transmission pattern characterized by a low HIV-prevalence (886 cases as of March 1997) and incidence (11.6 additional cases per year). METHODS: Prospectively-coll
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:113 (abstract no. 13138)
Kondo M, Saito TS, Ito AI, Kawata KK, Sagara HS, Kihara MK, Sato HS, Takebe YT, Nishioka KN, Imai MI;;; Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan.
BACKGROUND: In Japan HIV-1 subtype B used to be predominant but recently subtype E is increasing. We developed a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to distinguish subtype B and E for investigation of distribution of HIV-1 subtype in Japan. METHODS: The primer SK 145 AB5 (subtype B) and SK 145 AEG (subtype E)
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:113 (abstract no. 13139)
Nelson K, Robinso V, Nelson KE, Khamtorn N, Tonsahuj A, Kingkeow C, Nanthachit N, Suriyanon V;;; Johns Hopskins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic in heterosexuals in Thailand began in 1988. We evaluated temporal trends in HIV prevalence in blood donors in N. Thailand as a sentinel low risk population. METHOD: HIV prevalence was studied between 1990 and 1996 by type of donor (first time, repeat), and gender in two blood banks in Chian
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:113 (abstract no. 13140)
Plantier JC, Sarol L, Payan C, Paladin F, Aplasca M, Barin F, Monzon O;;; CNRS 117, Faculte de Medecine, France.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the HIV-1 subtypes (serotypes) from patients in the Philippines , with subtype-specific enzyme-immunoassay (SSEIA), and to correlate with genotyping. METHODS: The SSEIA uses the principle of specific antibody blocking by an excess of peptide in the liquid phase. V3 peptides used represent V3 con
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:113 (abstract no. 13141)
Kihara M, Yamazaki S, Nakatani H;;; Kanagawa Cancer Center Res. Institute, Japan.
BACKGROUND: A newly organized working group has officially recompiled the epidemiological data on HIV infection in Japan , including the cases reported before the enforcement of the Act of AIDS Prevention in 1989, to supply precise data necessary for the detailed analysis of the status and trends of HIV infection in Ja
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:113-4 (abstract no. 13142)
Nakase K, Uchino H, Tsuchida S, Tanihara S, Yoshida T, Tsuda T, Aoyama H;;; Okayama City Health Center, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Japanese prevalence of non-regular heterosexual relations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional random sample survey. METHODS: In August 1995 to January 1996, an anonymous self administered questionnaire with regard to number of partners during the past year and background characteristics was distributed
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:822 (abstract no. 131/42244)
Satasit P, Kunanusont C, Phoolhaburi W;;; AIDS Division Dept. Of CDC MOPH, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
ISSUE: To compare clinical, laboratory, and public health outcomes of available double nucleoside therapy among Thai subjects in terms of real effectiveness in a large scale multicenter study. PROJECT: An open label randomized comparison of AZT /
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:114 (abstract no. 13143)
Kilmarx PH, Yanparsan S, Bunnell RE, Limpakarnjanarat K, Rhodes P, Mastro TD, St Louis ME;;; US CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
BACKGROUND: The highest rates of HIV-1 infection in Thailand are in the upper northern part of the country. Prevalence among young men has declined since 1994 after an increase in condom use during commercial sex, but trends among women are not well characterized. METHODS: Since 1990, pregnant women have been routinely
BACKGROUND: Bangkok IDUs experienced an epidemic of HIV-1 subtype B (Thai B) in 1988. Recent cross-sectional surveys have identified an increase in subtype E. Since 05/95, in a prospective cohort of 1,208 IDUs attending 15 methadone treatment clinics of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, HIV-1 incidence was 8.1 p
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:114 (abstract no. 13145)
Qu S, Sun XH, Zheng X, Shen J;;; Center for AIDS Surveillance CAPM, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
OBJECTIVE: To provide the accurate information for policy-making on AIDS prevention and control program and to monitor HIV epidemic trends more scientifically and efficiently. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A consecutive samples of 250-400 are recruited on four high risk groups, people attending STDs clinic, u
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:114 (abstract no. 13146)
Chen MY;;;
OBJECTIVE: To check the sensitivity and specificity of a nested PCR method specific for identification of subtype E HIV-1 infection in Taiwan . DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: A total of 187 samples were tested. The viral subtypes of HIV-1 had been identified in 130 patients by DNA sequencing of v3 and/or gag gen
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:114-5 (abstract no. 13147)
Jugsudee A, Chanbacherd P, Kitsiripornchai S, Tanomkolm S, Tienamporn P, Julananto P, Supapongse T, Torugsa K, De Sousa M, Mason C, Markowitz LE;;; Army Institute of Pathology, Bangkok, Thailand.
OBJECTIVES: To determine HIV-1 seroprevalence and serotypes in young Thai men entering the Royal Thai Army. METHODS: Each year over 50,000 young Thai men are selected by lottery and inducted in May and November. All inductees are routinely screened for HIV-1 antibody by ELISA and confirmed by We
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:115 (abstract no. 13148)
Chen YM, Lee C, Lin R;;; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
OBJECTIVES: To understand the distribution and risk factors associated with different HIV-1 subtypes in Taiwan . DESIGN: A 4-year cross-sectional survey and risk factor analysis. METHODS: From 1993 to 1996, blood samples and questionnaire were collected from 267 male and 21 female HIV-1 infected people who represent ab
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:115 (abstract no. 13149)
Feng T, Li LC, Shao YM, Su L;;; Shenzhen Hygiene and Anti-Epidemic Station, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemic situation of HIV-1 subtype E in Shenzhen, and to study its genetic varation and epidemic time. METHODS: The C2-V3 region of the HIV-1 envelope was amplified and directly sequenced by PCR from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 individuals found in Shenzhen in 1
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:115 (abstract no. 13150)
Abednego H, Manaf A, Yasan S, Wibisono B, Lazzari B;;; Directorate General Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current HIV/AIDS epidemiological situation and trends in Indonesia . MATERIALS: Reports of AIDS cases and HIV infections submitted to the Ministry of Health since 1987 and the results of studies of the prevalence of HIV infection in sentinel populations. RESULTS: As of the end of 1997, a cumu
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:115 (abstract no. 13151)
Choi TM, Lam PY, Chan MF;;; Department of Health, Hong Kong.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiology of HIV infection in Hong Kong using data from voluntary reporting, sero-prevalence, unlinked anonymous screening studies, supplemented by a modeling exercise. METHODS: The voluntary reporting system has been receiving clinical reports from physicians on newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:115 (abstract no. 13152)
Cegielski P, Beyrer C, Natpratan C, Khamboonruang C, Nelson KE, Kunawararak P, Rungruenthanakit K, Keawvichit R;;; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of HIV infection and syphilis among northern Thai men attending clinics for STDs and HIV anonymous testing and counselling. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 915 HIV seronegative men were enrolled from 1/95 to 6/96 in STD/ATC clinics in 7 northern Thai communities, had baseline interviews and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:115-6 (abstract no. 13153)
Buarattini M, Zanetta DW, Massad E, Azevedo RS, Carvalho HB, Buchalla C, Menejhine R;;; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Student population is still marked by its adolescent culture characterized by fellings of invulnerability and inconsequence. This facilitates drug use. Although most of this use is not directly related to HIV transmission (non-injectable drugs), they facilitate unsafe sexual practice. METHODS: A self-report
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:116 (abstract no. 13154)
al Hadadd MK, Baig BZ, Ebrahim RA;;; Psychiatric Hospital-Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.
Between 1986 and 1996, 378 HIV cases were identified in Bahrain , of whom 51% were foreign nationals. Intravenous drug abuse was a major risk factor (38.8%) among Bahraini nationals while transmission through sexual contact was more common (45.7%) among foreigners. Other well known risk factors were also represented in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:116 (abstract no. 13155)
Viputtigul K, Roungpong A, Markowitz LE, de Souza M, Gaywee J, McCutchan FE, Brown AE, Nittayaphan S;;; AFRIMS, Bangkok.
BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome is characterized by a high degree of variation. A previous study showed that sequential high antibody titer to the V3 loop is associated with the variability. This suggests a role for the immune response in the evolution of viral variants during the cou
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:116 (abstract no. 13156)
Pieniazek D, Ramos A, Tanuri A, Hu D, Baggs J, Rayfield M;;; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Although dual infections and recombinants involving sequences of different HIV-1 subtypes have been previously reported, their prevalence has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of dual infections and recombinants among HIV-1 infected persons living in Rio de Janeiro, an area where HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:116 (abstract no. 13157)
Caterino-De-Araujo A, Santos-Fortuna E, Rossini MA, Ramos-Dos-Santos IM, Casseb J, Hendry MR;;; Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
BACKGROUND: In order to determine the HIV-1 subtypes present in children born to HIV-1 infected mothers, we previously search for the presence of specific gp120 V3-loop antibodies in plasma samples obtained from a Vertical Transmission Study Group from Sao Paulo, Brazil . Now, using molecular approaches we tried to con
INTRODUCTION: As a result of the increasing heterosexual transmision of the HIV the number of HIV positive women has increased progressively in our population almost getting a relation of 1/1 men-woman. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and serological aspects of an HIV positive population of women i
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:117 (abstract no. 13159)
Munhoz Junior E, Sczwarcwald DL, Gomes MR, Castilho EA, Von Borries G, Barbosa Junior A;;; Brazilian AIDS Program ESPL, Ministerios BL, G Brasilia DF, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: In 1996, the Brazilian AIDS Programme/Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Army conducted a study to evaluate the level of knowledge of young men aged 17 on the transmission of HIV. METHODS: A questionnaire was applied to approximately 23,000 conscripts of the Army, young men aged 17, a sample of the 750,00
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:117 (abstract no. 13160)
Klaskala W, Soto RJ, Garcia-Bernal R, Zelaya JE, Palmer CJ, Baum MK;;; University of Miami School Of Medicine, FL, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Honduras including the HIV prevalence trends among population groups at different level of risk. METHODS: National AIDS surveillance data from 1985 to 1997 were reviewed and analyzed. Statistics were also compiled from HIV serosurveys conducted during the
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:117 (abstract no. 13161)
Saavedra MS, Wille L, Kraemer A, Martinez L;;; University of Bielefeld, School of Public Health, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To study recent epidemiologic trends of the AIDS epidemic in the Dominican Republic as a prerequisite for future prevention and intervention programs. METHODS: AIDS cases were reported by the surveillance system of the national AIDS/STDs program (PROCETS) from the year 1980 until January 10, 1997.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:117-8 (abstract no. 13163)
Serra MC, Nogueira S, Lima MA, Ramalho C, Herdy GC, Lambert JS, Molinaro A;;; Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Brasil.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in children and women evaluated in the emergency room of an inner city hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHODS: Between May and October of 1997, 282 women (15-45 years old) and 268 children, evaluated in the emergency room of Hos
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:118 (abstract no. 13164)
de Grouland M, Wagner U, Camara B;;; Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC), Port of Spain, Trinidad.
INTRODUCTION: The English and Dutch speaking Caribbean (CAREC member Countries) represent 19 countries or territories with a population of 6.5 million in 1996. This region is the first in terms of AIDS incidence on the American continent and the second in the World, after sub-Saharan Africa. The poster is aimed to desc
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:118 (abstract no. 13165)
Gregorich S, Furlonge C, Russell-Brown P;;; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the level of sexual risk behavior, HIV transmission knowledge, and related attitudes in the population of North & Central Trinidad . To empirically assess the need and demand for voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) services in the population. To complement the findings of the VHCTS--a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:118 (abstract no. 13166)
Zegarra L, Flores J, Bachelet M, Soto R, Lagrava M, Andre R, Coca M;;; Escuela Tecnica de Salud Cochabamba, Chile.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection in different risk groups. DESIGN: Sentinel surveillance study for HIV, following the PAHO guidelines for anonimous non-linked studies. METHODS: Between May-September 1997, the first phase of the HIV sentinel surveillance study was conducted in Cochabamba city.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:118 (abstract no. 13167)
Perez J, Ortega OL, Joanes JF, Lantero LM, Rivero RW, Alonso AM, Arazoza AR;;; Autopista Novia del Mediodia, Ciudad Habana, Cuba.
OBJECTIVE: To describe disease progression in a HIV+ cohort after 11 years of follow-up. DESIGN: Prospective Study. METHOD: The 99 HIV+ patients diagnosed (with ELISA & W. Blot) all over the country, between January, 1st 1986 and December, 31st 1986, were included in the study group that consisted in 23 (23.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:118-9 (abstract no. 13168)
Caceres CF, Caceres C, Yon C, Mendoza W, Rosasco A, Cabezudo C;;; Dept. of Public Health, Cayetano Heredia Univ., Lima, Peru.
OBJECTIVE: To contribute to assess, through the study of the case of three diverse cities in Peru , the extent to which the AIDS epidemic has expanded to inner cities in Latin American countries with mid-sized epidemics. DESIGN: A rapid assessment procedure (RAP) combining epidemiological and ethnographic techniques.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:119 (abstract no. 13169)
Couto-Fernandez JC, Morgado MG, Bongertz V, Andrade T, Brites C, Galvao-Castro B;;; Dpto. Imunologia, IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of the different HIV-1 subtypes in different risk groups from Salvador-Bahia, Brazil , a sea side city with high frequency of tourist visits from different continents and several sociodemographics characteristics of large African or Haitian cities, using the heteroduplex mobilit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:119 (abstract no. 13170)
Barbosa Junior A, Munhoz Junior E, Gomes MR, Castilho EA, Chequer PJ, Medeiros MG;;; Brazilian AIDS Program MOH, Brasilia DF, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the status and trends of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil . METHOD: The AIDS data bank from the Brazilian AIDS Programme/Ministry of Health was analysed. RESULTS: As of November, 1997, 120,399 AIDS cases were reported to the Ministry of Health. Of these, 94,541 (79%) were in males, and 25,437 (21%) in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:119 (abstract no. 13171)
Burattini MN, Strazza L, Zanetta DM, Wassad E, Carvallo HB, Azevedo RS, Menezes RX, Burattini WN;;; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: There are multiple factors that encourage disadvantaged youth to engage in high risk behaviors such as substance abuse and high-risk sex. This group is particularly vulnerable to HIV infection, and cultural and contextual factors that may put them in jeopardy should be assessed. In Brazil there
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:119 (abstract no. 13172)
Cruz-Valdez A, Castaneda M, Tovar-Guzman V, Rivera-Rivera L, Quiterio-Trenado M, Allen B;;; Ministry of Health of Durango State, Mexico.
OBJECTIVES: To explore the levels of knowledge that Mexican adolescents have about modes of HIV transmission and about how to prevent this transmission. DESIGN: Cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes and practices study. METHODS: This study was carried out among students of junior high and high schools in the central Mex
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:120 (abstract no. 13173)
Vermeloho L, Barbosa RH;;; Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: To describe transmission profile, the impact of AIDS on women and their children lives, health care provided and point out proper prevetion strategies. DESIGN: Case stories interviews through semi-structured questions, qualitative approach. METHODS: Thirty-five issues including age, occupation, partnership,
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:120 (abstract no. 13174)
Pardo-Moreno MH, Chinome JL;;; Centro De Rehabilitacion Integral Tunja, Colombia.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledges, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to HIV/AIDS of health-care workers, who works in the Regional Hospitals (Rural towns) in Boyaca, Colombia . DESIGN: Descriptive study, population survey. METHODS: A confidential KAP survey was carried out to health-care workers (50 men, 159
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:120 (abstract no. 13175)
Campodonico M, Fay F, Taborda M, Fay O;;; CTSP National University Rosario, Argentina.
BACKGROUND: In previous studies we have described the presence of three HIV-1 subtypes circulating in our city. The objective of this study was to improve the molecular epidemiology studies from our region, increasing the number of infected patients genotyped. METHODS: 132 HIV-1 infected patients were included in this
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:120 (abstract no. 13176)
Eyer-Silva WA, de Sa CA, Pinto JF, Taboada AL, Leite CA, Sousa FF;;; Hospital Universitario Gaffre e Guinle, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To observe trends in the absolute and relative number of AIDS-related deaths at Hospital Universitario Gaffree e Guinle, Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: We retrospectivelly reviewed the absolute number of AIDS-related deaths and the total number of deaths per semester at our hospital from 1995 to 1997. RESULTS: Our
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:120 (abstract no. 13177)
Onunu AN, Omuemu CE, Omeife HO, Eze EU, Eigbe EC;;; University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City Nigria.
OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the important epidemiological and clinical characteristic of full blown HIV infection (AIDS) in Benin City, Nigeria . DESIGN: Prospective. METHODS: Clinically ill patients admitted into the Medical wards of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, with serologically confirmed HIV infection fr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:120-1 (abstract no. 13178)
Cahn P, Ben G, Bloch C, Perez N, San Pedro M, Gonzalez S, Onoto G;;; Infectologia-Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To describe changes in the profile of patients spontaneously attending for HIV testing, who tested positive. A total of 11536 HIV tests were performed between 1986 and 1996. Information was collected on a Fox Pro 2.5 database system and EPI Info 6. We studied gender, age, risk behavior [homosexua
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:121 (abstract no. 13180)
Batter V, Van der Heyden J, Sasse A, Stroobant A;;; Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: To examine trends from 1990 to 1996 in HIV seroprevalence among sentinel populations of patients with STD s in Europe, by risk group and accounting for different characteristics across networks. METHODS: Time trends were evaluated in homo/bisexual men, IV drug users (IDU s) and heterosexual non-IDU s using l
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:121 (abstract no. 13181)
Downs AM, Hamers FF, Cazein F, Alix J;;; European Centre for Monitoring of AIDS, St. Maurice, France.
OBJECTIVE: To describe geographic diversity and trends in the HIV/AIDS epidemic among women in Europe. METHODS: AIDS surveillance data reported by September 1997 from 48 countries of the WHO European Region were analysed after adjusting for reporting delays. Reported data on HIV prevalence among pregnant women were use
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:121-2 (abstract no. 13182)
Houweling H, Downs AM, Rava L, Heisterkamp SH, Hamers FF, Gill ON, Jager JC;;; Nat. Instit. of Public Health (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the epidemiological impact of HIV/AIDS in the European Union (EU): past HIV incidence, current HIV/AIDS prevalence and future AIDS incidence and HIV/AIDS prevalence. To estimate the impact on successive birth cohorts. To explore differences between countries using uniform methodology. METHODS: E
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:122 (abstract no. 13183)
Hubert JB, Theodorov I, Debre L, Nagierowska N, Rouzioux C, Delfraissy JF, Neyer L;;;
BACKGROUND: The objective was to determine the influence of the CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 A genotypes on HIV disease progression in a cohort of 410 Caucasian seroconverters already genotyped for the CCR5 delta 32 deletion (Meyer, AIDS 1997). METHODS: 410 HIV-infected Caucasian subjects followed in the French SEROCO cohort be
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:122 (abstract no. 13184)
Meyer L, Delfraissy JF, Sanson F, Nagierowska N, Hubert JB, Theodorou I;;; Inserm U292 Hopital de Bicetre, Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
BACKGROUND: The delta 32 deletion has been found to delay progression to immunodeficiency in HIV-infected patients. Here we examined whether the deletion confers a specific protection against toxoplasmosis occurrence. METHODS: 1489 Caucasian HIV-infected subjects from the French HEMOCO (haemophiliacs) and SEROCO (non-h
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:122 (abstract no. 13185)
Nicolosi A, Camisani A, Quaresima S, Elba E, Durello R, Tinghino B, Duratorre E;;; Dept. Epidemiology-ITBA CNR, Seagrate, MI, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the time trends of the HIV epidemic among intravenous drug users (IDUs) attending drug dependence treatment centers (DDTCs) in Lombardy and Northern Italy . METHODS: Incidence rates were estimated by using data of the cohort of seronegative IDUs attending 32 DDTCs from Lombardy and limiting areas
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:122 (abstract no. 13186)
Alcabes P, Grund JP, Beniowski M, Bozek E, Kaciuba A, Zielinski A;;; New York Univ. School of Medicine, NY 10010, USA.
BACKGROUND: Since appearing in Poland in 1988, HIV has infected > 10,000 people; 69% of reported infections were in known injecting drug users (IDUs). HIV prevalence and AIDS case counts rose extremely rapidly in some Polish cities despite the absence of shooting galleries, injectable cocaine, or high-frequency changes
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:123 (abstract no. 13187)
Siedler A, Hamouda O, Monch E, Heckler R;;; Robert Koch-Institut, AIDS-Zentrum, Berlin, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate HIV seroprevalence in childbearing women in different geographic areas of Germany . METHODS: Since anti-HIV IgG antibody is transmitted across the placenta from mother to infant, HIV antibody in newborns reflects maternal HIV serostatus. Unlinked anonymous testing of neonatal dried blood spots c
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:123 (abstract no. 13188)
Hamouda O, Voss L, Niessing W;;; Robert Koch-Institut, AIDS-Zentrum, Berlin, Germany.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the number and proportion of patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) before being diagnosed with AIDS and to analyse the changes in patterns of ARVT over time. DESIGN: Analysis of AIDS register data METHODS: Data on AIDS cases in Germany are collected through a national surveillance
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:123 (abstract no. 13189)
Klavs I, Kristancic L, Poljak M, Lucu BC, Krek J, Krek M, Kastelic Z, Kroselj R;;; Institute of Public Health Trubarjeva, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
OBJECTIVES: We monitor the prevalence of HIV infection in accessible groups. METHODS: Saliva samples are voluntarily obtained from IDUs entering methadone maintenance programme at two sites and once per year from MSM at one of their gathering places. Residual sera from sera samples of STD patients and pregnant women se
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:123 (abstract no. 13190)
Liitsola K, Tashkinova I, Korovina G, Smolskana T, Mashkileyson N, Leinikki P, Salminen MO;;; Kaliningrad AIDS Center, Russia.
BACKGROUND: The number of newly diagnosed individuals testing seropositive for HIV-1 infection in the Kaliningrad province of the Russian Federation rose from less than one per month to more than 100 per month during the period of August-September 1996. A total of 1335 new infections were been identified between July 1
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:123 (abstract no. 13191)
Pokrovski V, Savchenko IY, Ladnaia NN, Youliousov AT;;; Russia Aids Centre, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the HIV dissemination among IVDUs in Russia in 1996-1997. DESIGN: Descriptive study. METHODS: Monthly reports about risk factors of HIV-positive persons were analysed. RESULTS: Only 158 HIV positive persons were recorded in Russia in 1994 and 196 in 1995. Not a single case of HIV in IVDUs was reg
OBJECTIVES: To describe historical and current spread of HIV and current spread of hepatitis B /C viruses in injecting drug users (IDUs) in Europe. To describe harm reduction measures in the European Union (EU). METHODS: Estimates of HIV prevalence and incidence from reported AIDS cases and analyses by birth cohort wer
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:124 (abstract no. 13193)
Reynes J, Peeters M, Segondy M, Delaporte E;;; Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 exhibits an extensive genetic diversity. The different subtypes or clades have distinct geographic distributions. Clade B is involved in the HIV-1 epidemic diffusion throughout European countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess the spread of non-B HIV-1 clades in Languedoc, a southern France area. ME
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:124 (abstract no. 13194)
Bobkov A, Kazennova EV, Selimova LM, Ladnaya NN, Pokrovsky VV, Cheingsong-Popov R, Weber JN;;; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.
BACKGROUND: The Russian Federation experienced an explosive HIV-1 epidemic mainly spreading among injecting drug users (IDUs). To study HIV-1 genetic subtypes and to estimate genetic diversity in different risk groups, blood samples were collected from 350 HIV-1 infected subjects from various parts of Russia. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:124 (abstract no. 13195)
Op de Coul EL, Coutinho RA, Goudsmit J, Lukashov W;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection among asymptomatic heterosexuals, the possible spread of non-B viruses and the origin of HIV-1 subtype B strains. METHODS: Sequences of the gp120 V3 region were obtained between 1988-1996 from 90 subjects in Amsterdam and analyzed by using signature patt
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:124-5 (abstract no. 13196)
Low N, Weber R, Egger M, Battegay M;;; Dept of GU Medicine, Kings College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
BACKGROUND: Death rates from HIV infection are falling, due to improved treatment. This study examines trends in and risk factors for death from causes unrelated to HIV. DESIGN: Proportional mortality analysis within a national prospective cohort study. METHODS: Deaths of participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study were
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:125 (abstract no. 13197)
Goldberg D, Johnstone F, Tappin D, Mathie L, Cameron S, Brown A, Burns S;;; University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
OBJECTIVE: To track the complete course of the HIV epidemic among childbearing women in Edinburgh city during 1982-1997. DESIGN: Unlinked anonymous HIV testing. METHODS: The performance of the modified Serodia HIV test on dried blood spots from archived neonatal Guthrie cards was evaluated. Cards from neonates born dur
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:125 (abstract no. 13198)
Pyra H, Boeni JB, Schuepbach JS;;; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, Zurich, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: Study of the actual epidemiology of HIV-1 in Switzerland . Analysis of subtype distribution among patients diagnosed since Oct 96 during a period in which 500-1000 new infections were estimated to have occurred. METHODS: Blood samples were collected after informed consent in cooperation with confirmatory lab
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:125 (abstract no. 13199)
Couturier E, Damond F, Simon F, Fleury H, Brunet JB;;; European Centre on AIDS, St. Maurice, France.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes and describe related epidemiological characteristics among HIV infected patients diagnosed in a French national network of hospitals. METHODS: All patients (hospitalized/outpatient) newly diagnosed as HIV-1 positive by Western blot were eligible. Data were collec
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:125 (abstract no. 13200)
Zellweger U, Wang J, Schrid MR, Somaini B;;; Institute F. Social + Preventive Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: In Europe, a considerable portion of the AIDS epidemic among sexually infected women is due to secondary infections via male injecting drug users (IDUs). We examined potential links between the two epidemics in W. Europe. METHODS: Using European AIDS survillance data through mid-1997, we selected data for wo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:125-6 (abstract no. 13201)
Lloyd-Owen SJ, Evans AJ, Miller R, Elford J, Johnson MA;;; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To define any differences that exist between newly diagnosed HIV patients who self refer to a same day testing clinic and those offered testing in other situations in a London Teaching Hospital (UK). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a range of demographic and clinical data collected on patients diagnosed H
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:126 (abstract no. 13202)
Cazein F, Pinget R, David D, Lot F, Pillonel J;;; RNSP, Saint-Maurice, France.
BACKGROUND: In France , HAART was introduced in the first half of 1996. The study objective is to describe the impact of HAART on AIDS incidence over time. METHOD: Adult AIDS cases reported through December 1997 were presented by half-year of diagnosis, with adjustment for reporting delays (n = 47,659). Trends were ana
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:126 (abstract no. 13203)
Hannan M, Peres H, Lisbon F, Nelson M, Gazzard B;;; Curry Cabral Hospital Lisbon, Portugal.
OBJECTIVE: To compare DNA fingerprinting patterns using RFLP IS6110 and RFLP PGRS typing in the investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis involving 101 patients over a period of four years 1993-1996 in Lisbon, Portugal .
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and the dynamics of diffusion of HIV-1 subtypes in French blood donors. METHODS: A retrospective and then prospective study was conducted in 508 blood donors, identified as positive for antibody to HIV-1, by 12 blood banks between 1985 and 1996. Results for 1997 will be available and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:126 (abstract no. 13205)
Karamov EV, Shekanuv MYu, Yaroslavtseva NG, Verevochkin SV, Kozlov AP, Eremin VP, Titov LP;;; Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: To get a more precise molecular profile of HIV-1 epidemic on the territory of the former USSR. METHODS: Sera from 465 HIV-1 infected patients were tested in ELISA with a set of V3 synthetic peptides. RNA- and DNA-PCR-amplified samples of V3-loop gp 120 HIV-1 were sequenced. Nucleic acid sequences were class
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:127 (abstract no. 13207)
Kalish M, Stoeckli T, Steffen I, Brown TM, Erb P, Kalish ML;;; Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To genetically characterize the HIV-1 strains prevalent in Switzerland ; to look for clustering of HIV-1 strains by geographic regions or risk groups; and to enhance the understanding of the HIV-epidemic in Switzerland. METHODS: 159 convenience samples from HIV-infected individuals were drawn prospectively
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:127 (abstract no. 13208)
Vidmar L, Klavs I, Tomazic J, Poljak M, Levicnik Stezinar S, Kristancic L, Kastelic Z;;; Infectious Diseases Hospital Japleva, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
OBJECTIVES: We obtain information on distribution of AIDS and diagnosed HIV infection cases according to demographic, behavioural and geographic characteristics and monitor HIV/AIDS epidemic. METHODS: We regularly collect, analyse and interpret information on reported cases. Reporting of all diagnosed AIDS and HIV infe
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:127 (abstract no. 13209)
Nabatov AA, Masharsky AE, Verevochkin SV, Maksimenok EV, Tchentsova NP, Kobyscha YV, Kozlov AP;;; Research Institute of Pure Biochemicals St. Petersburg, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: To study HIV-1 subtypes among IVDUs in Ukraine ; to compare monomeric and multiple antigen peptides (MAP) with a branching lysyl core for HIV-1 serotyping. METHODS: The samples of sera were tested by ELISA for reactivity with both monomeric and MAP V3 peptides corresponding to the different HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:127 (abstract no. 13210)
Shchecrbinskaya AM, Kruglov JV, Fedoruk N;;; Ukrainian AIDS Center, Kiyv, Ukraine.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the HIV-infection and AIDS epidemy in Ukraine in 1987-1997. DESIGN: HIV-infection epidemiological study. RESULTS: HIV-infection epidemy in Ukraine began 10 years ago. Two epidemic waves are described; the 1st one (1987-1994) was accompanied by slow, mostly sexual HIV transmission among homo-
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:127-8 (abstract no. 13211)
Verevochkin SV, Nabatov AA, Masharsky AE, Olshansky AY, Pankova GY, Golikov VA, Kozlov AD;;; Research Institute of Pure Biochemical, St. Petersburg, Russia.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Moscow. METHODS: More than 150 sera from HIV-infected Moscow citizens were serotyped in ELISA with the panel of V3 multiple antigen peptides (MAPs). The data were analyzed by clustering techniques. RESULTS: Three major groups of HIV-infected patients were a
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:268 (abstract no. 13/21147)
Poli G, Brambilla A, Cota M, Sinigaglia F, Panina Bordigon P, Vicenzi E;;; DIBIT, Milano, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the replicative capacity of HIV strains using different chemokine receptors [R] for entry into Th1 and Th2 polarized CD4+ lymphocytes. METHODS: Primary Th1 and Th2 cell clones and cord-blood derived polarized lines were infected with both laboratory-adapted [BaL, LAI, MN, NL4-3, NL(AD8)] and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:59 (abstract no. 132/12237)
Tomino C, Vella S, Fragola FV, Ricciardulli RD, Seeber SA, Giannini GG, Pirillo PM, Floridia FM;;; Instituto Speriore Di Sanita, Lab. Virology, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To compare ritonavir and indinavir in patients with CD4+ below 50/mm3 and previous antiRetroviral experience, examining the tolerability of the two drugs and clinical, virological and immunological aspects of response to treatment.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:128 (abstract no. 13213)
Preston-Martin S, Levine A, Masri-Lavine L, Hessol N, Lyter D, Silver S, Melnick S;;; USC/Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, USA.
BACKGROUND: Specific cancers such as Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) mid non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) have been shown to occur in excess among men with AIDS. AIMS: To evaluate the occurrence of all cancer and of specific cancers among HIV infected (HIV+) versus HIV- women in the WIHS. METHODS: Data were analyzed from WIHS, a pro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:128 (abstract no. 13214)
Lobato MN, Byers B, Mays MA, Fleming PL;;; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics and survival of persons whose initial AIDS diagnosis was an opportunistic illness (AIDS-OI) compared with persons whose AIDS diagnosis was by a CD4 count of or = 13 years of age with AIDS diagnosed and reported January 1, 1993 to June 30, 1997.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:128 (abstract no. 13215)
Barile AJ, Mascola JR, Tasker SA, Shaffer RA, Richman DD, Brodine SK;;; Naval Medical Center Infectious Diseases Division, Rockville, MD, USA.
BACKGROUND: Little information is available regarding the prevalence of mutations conferring genotypic resistance in antiretroviral-naive, recently HIV-infected subjects. We are currently studying the pattern of genetic mutations associated with drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive US Military personnel. METHODS: Si
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:128-9 (abstract no. 13216)
Weinstock H, Gwinn M, Linley L, Woods T, Satten G, Busch M, Janssen R;;; CDC, Atlanta GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Information on HIV incidence is needed to understand and control the global HIV epidemic. We applied a newly developed serologic testing strategy that requires only a single specimen to estimate incidence among high risk heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (MSM) attending sexually transmitted diseas
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:129 (abstract no. 13217)
Charlebois ED, Osmond D, Grant R, Moss A, Winkelstein W;;; UCSF-CAPS, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare HIV-1 genetic diversity in San Francisco seroconverters to investigate the evidence for segregation of viral strains by behavioral risk group and to look for evidence for evolutionary change overtime. METHODS: HIV-1 RNA was extracted from stored or fresh plasma taken within 6 months from the time
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:129 (abstract no. 13218)
Chiasson MA, Li W, Berenson L, Schwartz S, Singh T, Forlenza S;;; New York City Dept. of Health, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To compare AIDS mortality in New York City for the 2nd half of 1995 and the 2nd half of 1997 by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis. METHODS: The analysis includes all NYC death certificates filed with NYCDOH by 1/12/98. Data for 1997 are provisional with only small changes expected
OBJECTIVE: To describe recent declines in US AIDS diagnoses (dx) and deaths and examine trends in HIV dx compared to AIDS in 26 states that conduct HIV case reporting. METHODS: AIDS data from all States and Territories (data reported to CDC through Dec 97 were adjusted for reporting. METHODS: AIDS data delays and unrep
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:129 (abstract no. 13220)
Farley J, Sutherland DW, Yan P, Sutherland J;;; Bureau of HIV-AIDS and STDs Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
BACKGROUND: AIDS cases reported to the National AIDS Case Surveillance System (ACRSS, LCDC) show a shift from predominantly men who have sex with men, to multiple HIV epidemics occurring at different rates in different jurisdictions. It is no longer valid to predict the time to onset of AIDS from HIV infection. AIDS ca
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:129-30 (abstract no. 13221)
King S, Lapointe N, Forbes J, Allen UD, Read SE, Singer J;;; University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To document all pregnancies in Canada of women known to be HIV+ at the time of childbirth. To determine trends over time of a number of factors including region in Canada, maternal HIV risk factors, country of origin and race. METHODS: All HIV paediatric centres in Canada provide a yearly update on the stat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:130 (abstract no. 13222)
Rosenberg P, Biggar RT;;;
CONTEXT: Behaviors that result in potential exposure to HIV usually begin in adolescence or young adulthood, but trends in HIV incidence among young people remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To estimate trends in HIV incidence among teenagers and young adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Back-calculation of past HIV incidence in perso
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:130 (abstract no. 13223)
Dworkin MS, Sullivan PS;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
BACKGROUND: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a pleomorphic gram negative coccobacillus which is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in dogs and may also infect cats. Case reports of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia, septicemia, and wound infections in immunosuppressed people have been recognized. METHODS: To identify
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infection among injecting drug users admitted to drug treatment in six US metropolitan areas. METHODS: Unlinked remnant specimens (n = 1,716) from injecting drug users
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:130 (abstract no. 13225)
Weidle PJ, Ganea CE, Pienniazek D, Ramos A, Schable CA, Enst J, McGowan J;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: The predominant HIV-1 isolates in the United States are classified as group M, subtype B. A nonblinded survey in 1992-1994 at the Bronx- Lebanon Hospital Center (BLHC) found HIV-1 subtype A in 2 of 43 (5%) patients, indicating introduction of non-B subtypes in the US (J Infect Dis 1997; 176:1629-33).
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:131 (abstract no. 13226)
Sievert D, Wiebel W, Ouellet LJ, Ramakrishnan V, Hershow RC, Jimenez AD, Johnson WA;;; University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
BACKGROUND: This study investigates the relative impact of HIV infection on mortality among injecting drug users (IDU) in Chicago. METHODS: IDU (n = 1090) who were not in drug treatment were street-recruited in 1988 and 1992 from three low-income neighborhoods targeted for an HIV prevention intervention. Survey intervi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:131 (abstract no. 13227)
Selik RM;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in hospital utilization by HIV-infected patients during 1985-1995. METHODS: Data were from the annual National Hospital Discharge Survey, based on a representative sample of discharges from nonfederal short-stay hospitals. HIV-associated discharges were defined as those with an ICD-9-CM dia
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:131 (abstract no. 13228)
Wright NP, Cameron N, Farley JD, Sutherland D;;; Bureau of HIV/AIDS, Ottawa, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To describe national Canadian HIV Test Surveillance data for the period 1985-1996. DESIGN: HIV positive test data, without personal identifiers, were received from all Canadian provinces and territories. Duplicate reports were removed, to the degree possible, at the provincial/territorial level. National HI
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:131 (abstract no. 13229)
Bozzette S, Berry SH, Duan N, Frankel MR, Keesey J, Lefkowitz D, Shapiro MF;;; RAND, Santa Monica, CA 904407, USA.
BACKGROUND: Unbiased information on the HIV-infected population receiving regular care in the contiguous United States has been unavailable because reporting is limited and previous studies have relied on convenience samples. METHODS: The HCSUS is a nationally representative cohort of HIV-infected persons assembled usi
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:131-2 (abstract no. 13230)
Dean-Gaitor H, Fleming PL, Ward JW;;; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To describe national trends in estimated AIDS incidence rates among US blacks from 1990 through 1996. METHODS: We examined trends in the estimated number of black persons for whom AIDS-opportunistic illnesses (AIDS-OI s) were diagnosed during 1990-1996, based on AIDS cases reported to CDC through September 3
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:132 (abstract no. 13231)
Lansky A, Nakashima AK, Jones JL, Burgess DA;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected persons living in rural areas of the United States face barriers to care such as limited health and economic resources. This study examines sociodemographic correlates of the lack of health insurance among HIV-infected persons living in the rural southeastern United States. METHODS: Persons > o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:132 (abstract no. 13232)
Banerjee K;;;
Medical College, Calcutta had been working as Referal Centre for HIV/AIDS care and Training since HIV/AIDS cases detected in India . Analysis of First Two Hundred cases of symptomatic HIV infected persons and AIDS cases that has been examined in this referal centre-depicts the following: Of the Two Hundred cases 25% we
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:132 (abstract no. 13233)
Adams IK, Martins-Braz RF, Da Costa RJ;;; Clinica Ammor Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
OBJECTIVE: Eight year evaluation and two year update of results of interactive medical consultation and HIV serology of 345 Street Youth. DESIGN: Retrospective qualitative and quantitative analysis. METHODS: Self-referred or from 32 gov. (go) and non-gov (ngo) colaborating organizatios, excluding those who are on the s
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:132 (abstract no. 13234)
Lundberg B, Davidson A, Burman WJ;;; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
CONTEXT: Despite the existence of effective prophylaxis, PCP remains the most common AIDS-defining illness. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative contribution of patient noncompliance, provider noncompliance and drug failure to the continued occurrence of PCP; to evaluate the associations with and consequences of nonco
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:132-3 (abstract no. 13235)
Selik RM, Rabkin CS;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To examine national mortality data to look for associations of HIV infection with all types of primary cancer, not only the AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi s sarcoma [KS], non-Hodgkin s lymphoma [NHL], and cervical cancer). METHODS: National multiple-cause death certificate data and population estimates were u
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:133 (abstract no. 13236)
Eckholdt H, Chin JJ, Harris C, Kim D;;; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA.
BACKGROUND: Past efforts to measure health care access, delays in diagnosis, and health cost have focused on individual opportunistic infections excluding some groups due to low frequency (Asians and Pacific Islanders and Native Americans). We measured the total number of AIDS indicator infections to further our unders
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:133 (abstract no. 13237)
Ortiz I, Lugo RG, Perez CM, Suarez E, Febo I, Mendez I, Aguayo R, Vazquez J, Delgado R, Bertolli J;;; UPR School of Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, San Juan.
BACKGROUND: Wasting Syndrome (WS) accounts for 17% of AIDS Defining Conditions reported among children with AIDS in the USA, and 28% of pediatric cases in Puerto Rico , (P.R.). Active surveillance for pediatric HIV infection is being conducted by the Pediatric Spectrum of Disease Project (PSD) in several geographic are
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:133 (abstract no. 13238)
McCutchan A, Bozzette S, Shapiro M, Turner B, Asch S, Gifford A, Keesey J;;; UCSD Treatment Center 92103, USA.
BACKGROUND: Data on relative incidence of major opportunistic infections (OI s) in the USA has been based on CDC surveillance reporting which captures incidence at diagnosis of AIDS (ARS) and a systematic review of the records of 5,969 patients in 10 metropolitan areas by the Adult Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (ASD,
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:133-4 (abstract no. 13239)
Cohn DL, Davidson AJ, Burman WJ, Coca VJ, Reves RR, Rietmeijer CA;;; Denver Public Health, CO., USA.
OBJECTIVES: To monitor trends in HIV-related opportunistic diseases (OD), mortality (MORT), and health care utilization (HCU) in a municipal health care system before and during the era of HAART. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, incidence-density study (per 100 person-years). METHODS: Since 1990, Denver Health (DH),
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:134 (abstract no. 13240)
Hajjeh R, Rimland D, Sattah M, Nash S, Graviss E, Hamill R;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis (CC) is the most common life-threatening fungal opportunistic infection in persons with AIDS. Azole drugs, known to be protective against CC, have been increasingly used recently. In addition, since licensure in 1995, protease inhibitors have significantly improved management of HIV infection
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:134 (abstract no. 13241)
Jones J, Hanson DL, Dworkin MS, Ward JW, Jaffe HW;;; Centers of Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Antiretorviral therapy may decrease the incidence of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) by slowing the progression of HIV disease and other antiviral therapy has been associated in some studies with a lower incidence of KS. We evaluated the effect of antiretroviral and other antiviral therapies on the incidence of KS in
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:134 (abstract no. 13242)
Khalakdina A, Tabnak F, Haight T, Sun R, Colford J;;; U.C. Berkeley School of Public Health, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors associated with the presentation of cryptosporidiosis as an AIDS-defining condition. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Surveillance data from California s HIV/AIDS Reporting System from 1982-1997 were analyzed. The cases were 1,300 patients with cryptosporidiosis as an AIDS-defin
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:134 (abstract no. 13243)
Benetucci J, Garcia M, Bases OM, Oliva SM, Maranzawa A, Redini L, Puga L;;; Hospital Muniz, Ward 17/FUNDAI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE: To analise the epidemiologycal and clinical characteristics of histoplasmosis H, the value of diagnosis methods, the relationship of CD4 cells count and delay (D) in the diagnosis with global mortality and the possibility of surviving this clinical event. METHOD: Seventy patients who had H were enrolled and
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:134-5 (abstract no. 13244)
Patel S, Owilli DM;;;
OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature of opportunistic infection present in HIV seropositive patients. STUDY DESIGN: Five years retrospective controlled study between January 1993 to December 1997. METHODS: 1. The Medical records of five hundred adult patients with confirmed HIV infection were retrieved and scrutized. 2.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:135 (abstract no. 13245)
Maniar J, Saple DG, Kurimura T;;; GT Hospital Grant Medical College, Bombay, India.
OBJECTIVES: To study changes in pattern of opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV/AIDS individuals over a period of ten years. DESIGN: Prospective Study. METHODS: The data of HIV+ve individuals registered at referral AIDS clinic were analysed for age, sex, risk factor, type of HIV infection and incidence of OI. Over 25,0
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:135 (abstract no. 13248)
Weber JT, Sidhu JS, Janssen RS;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (E-46), Atlanta, GA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To compare prevalences of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in persons with and persons without HIV infection and to compare the prevalence of TB antimicrobial susceptibility in persons with and persons without HIV infection. DESIGN: Unlinked serosurvey. METHODS: The Sentinel Hospital Surveillance System for HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:135-6 (abstract no. 13249)
Tetteh C, Jones J, Lindergren M, Flemimg P, Li J, Ward J;;; Centers for Disease Control SB DHAP, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Immune suppressed HIV-infected persons are at increased risk of tuberculosis TB from newly acquired TB or reactivation of latent infection. We sought to determine whether the prevalence of TB among persons reported with AIDS in the United States varies by world region of birth.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:136 (abstract no. 13250)
Curtis AB, McCray E;;; CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Beginning in 1993, information on HIV status at diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) has been collected in the US national TB surveillance system. The characteristics of women with TB and HIV co-infection are described below. METHODS: Data from US National TB surveillance for 1993-1996 was analyzed.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:136 (abstract no. 13251)
Girardi E;;; Centro Riferimento AIDS IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility and operational problems of a program of preventive therapy for tuberculosis among intravenous drug users (IVDU) cared for in public Drug Treatment Centers (DTC) in Italy . To provide data for a cost/effectiveness analysis of this intervention.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:136 (abstract no. 13252)
Barry MA, Gunn JE, Brett D, Carvalho HM;;; Boston Public Health Commision, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Despite limited data, preventive therapy (PT) has been recommended for HIV+ anergic persons from populations believed to be at high risk for TB infection. METHODS: We identified 245 anergic HIV+ persons without a prior +PPD & evaluated their rate of progression to TB disease. All subjects had 3 skin tes
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:136 (abstract no. 13253)
Davis Y, McCray E, Onorato IM;;; CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Reports of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States (US), including information on HIV-status, are submitted annually to the CDC. In January 1993, expanded TB surveillance was implemented in the US to improve monitoring and to target groups at risk of disease.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:136-7 (abstract no. 13254)
Sonnenberg P, Murray J, Shearer SC, Godfrey-Faussett P;;; National Centre for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BACKGROUND: The South African gold mining industry has a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a high prevalence of HIV infection in its largely migrant workforce. This study was undertaken to investigate if the large numbers of recurrent cases and treatment failures seen in this community might be due to i
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:137 (abstract no. 13255)
Idigbe O, Sofola T, Akinosho R, Onwujekwe D, Odiah F, Okoye R;;; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Nigeria.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the rates of initial drug resistance tuberculosis in HIV seropositive and seronegative inmates in Ikoyi and Badagry prisons in Lagos. METHODS: The prospective, controlled study was carried out between January and December, 1996. 48 HIV positive and 50 negative inmates who were culture (LJ) posit
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:137 (abstract no. 13256)
Idigbe O, Sofola T, Odiah F, Oyewole F, Okoye R, Giwa-amu J, Akinosho R;;; Nigerian Institue of Medical Research, Yaba, Nigeria.
OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infections amongst inmates of Ikoyi and Badagry Prisons in Lagos, Nigeria . METHODS: Seven hundred and fifty-three of a total of 2013 inmates registered in both prisons, between January and December, 1996, were randomly selected and e
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:137 (abstract no. 13257)
Garcia Garcia ML, Valdespino Gomez JL, Garcia Sancho C, Mayarmaya ME, Palacios Martinez M, Weissenbachee M, Daniels E;;; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
BACKGROUND: HIV infected individuals have lower reactivity to PPD. Anergy panel has been recommended to differentiate between absence of reactivity to tuberculin caused by HIV associated immunodeficiency from absence of latent Mtb infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate usefulness of anergy panel and PPD to diagnose
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:138 (abstract no. 13260)
Lobato MN, Jones JL, Li J, Ward JW, Fleming PL;;; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta 30333, GA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To characterize HIV-infected persons with tuberculosis (TB) and to describe the spectrum of disease and survival among HIV-infected persons that have TB. METHODS: Six states that reported 62% of AIDS cases nationally in 1992-94 provided information on all cases of TB in persons with HIV infection for a mean
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:138 (abstract no. 13262)
Silva G, Barreira D, Bellizzi AL, Santo SM;;;
OBJECTIVE: To study the methods used in the Primary Health Care Units in the City of Rio de Janeiro to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in HIV+/AIDS patients and in HIV negative patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODOLOGY: 376 individuals from 18 Primary Care Units from July to December of 1996, with more than 14 ye
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:138 (abstract no. 13263)
Arbelaez MP, Nelson KE, Munoz A;;; Facultad Nacional De Salud Publica, Colombia.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in preventing tuberculosis (TB) has not been reported among HIV infected individuals. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the effect of HIV infection on the protection against TB conferred by BCG vaccination.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:139 (abstract no. 13265)
Weinbaum C, McCray E;;; CDC/DTBE, Atlanta Georgia 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Since 1993, information on HIV status and correctional facility residence at diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) has been reported to the US national TB surveillance system. We describe characteristics of HIV(+) TB patients aged 20-49 years reported after TB diagnosis in a correctional facility ( inmates ).
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:139 (abstract no. 13266)
McFarland J, Sackoff J, Su S, Singh T, Bryan E, Forlenza S;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of M. tuberculosis disease (MTB) in HIV-infected persons in care at selected hospital-based clinics in NYC and to identify demographic factors influencing incidence. To describe mortality among these persons with MTB. BACKGROUND: In NYC, an epidemic of MTB followed the emergence of
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:139 (abstract no. 13267)
Glynn JR, Warndroff DK, Malema SS, Nkhosa P, Bliss L, Turner AC, Fine PE;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Med., England.
BACKGROUND: Studies in antenatal women and intravenous drug users show high relative risks for TB among HIV positive individuals compared to HIV negative individuals, but may not be typical, and case control studies are subject to selection bias in the choice of controls. We had the opportunity to conduct a general pop
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:139-40 (abstract no. 13268)
Bennett D, Howitt D, Jones JL, Moore M, Herbert J, McCray E, Watson JM;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To use data from multiple surveillance systems in two industrialized countries, the United Kingdom (U.K.) and the United States (US) to examine the interaction between HIV and Tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: 1993-96 data from the national US TB surveillance system and 1993-95 data from the UK TB laboratory repo
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:140 (abstract no. 13269)
Reichler M, Valway S, McCray E, Onorato I;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/N CHSTP/DTBE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To characterize cases of extrapulmonary (EP) tuberculosis (TB) reported among HIV positive (HIV+) persons in the US, and compare them with HIV negative (HIV-) EP cases. METHODS: All cases of EP TB reported to the national surveillance system from 1993-1996 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 22,441 cases reported, H
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:140 (abstract no. 13270)
Millson P, Rachlis A;;; HIV Program, Sunnybrook HSC, Toronto, ON, Canada.
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected persons are at increased risk for both new tuberculosis infections and reactivation of previous infection. In Canada , tuberculosis screening, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment are all publically funded and widely available. An analysis of demographic and clinical information col
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:140 (abstract no. 13271)
Sassan-Morokro M, Nkengasong J, Abouya L, Ackah A, Akaki A, Lobognon R, Tossou O, Maurice C, Coulibaly D, Coulibaly IM, Roels TH, Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ;;; Projet Retro-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
OBJECTIVES: To compare HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load and CD4 counts in HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients at onset and one year after initiation of anti-TB therapy. METHODS: As part of an ongoing cotrimoxazole prophylaxis trial in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary TB, plasma specimens obtained at onset and 12 mon
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:140 (abstract no. 13272)
Silva G, Barreira D, Soares EC, Dias SM, Saavedra A;;; Central Laboratory Noel Nutels, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of HIV seropositivity among tuberculous patients treated in the Health Centers of the City of Rio de Janeiro. METHODOLOGY: 460 patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with more than 14 years old, both sex, initiating treatment for tuberculosis (TB) in 18 Health Centers
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:141 (abstract no. 13275)
Kamanga J;;; University Teaching Hospital, Zambart Project Department of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
ISSUE: In Lusaka urban of Zambia up to 35% of patients have been recorded as defaulters in a cohort. PROJECT: A cross sectional retrospective review of TB records and observational of care given to TB patients was done at one of the health centers with a larger TB case load. Suspected defaulters were visited and interv
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:142 (abstract no. 13279)
Marcelo Bases O, Oliva SM, Garcia Messina O, Carlevaro Ruben R, Ortega GI, Poggi S, Benetucci JA;;; Hospital Muniz, Fundai/Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
OBJECTIVE: To analize the characteristics of a group of patients with TB and HIV+ infection. METHOD: From 1987 to 1997 out of 2385 patients examinated and followed in our center, 534 (22.3%) suffered from infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). Out of the 534 patients with TB, 45 (8.4%) were female and 489 (91.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:142 (abstract no. 13280)
Cohen C, Mugo N, Plummer FA, Sinei S, Brunham RC;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, USA.
BACKGROUND: Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) have been implicated as cofactors in heterosexual HIV-1 transmission. Th-1 immune responses have been associated with protection against HIV-1 infection. We performed this study to assess the effect of genital tract infection o
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:142 (abstract no. 13282)
Grosskurth H, Bujac S, Munguti K, Mosha F, Mkanje R, Mabey D, Hayes R;;; London Sch. of Hygiene and Trop. Medicine, England.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: STDs are a major public health problem in many developing countries, and are known to enhance the risk of HIV transmission. Risk factors for HIV infection have been studied frequently, but little is known about those for other STDs. The population based intervention study in Mwanza
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:142-3 (abstract no. 13283)
Vermund SH, Holland C, Wilson CM, Crowley-Nowick P, Levin L, Moscicki AB;;; University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between prevalence of cervical HPV infection, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and HIV status in a population of adolescent girls who do not inject drugs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested within a cohort (the REACH Project). BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Recent data suggest t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:143 (abstract no. 13284)
Gresenguet G, Kreiss JK, Chapko MK, Weiss NS, Tete A, Hillier SL;;; STD Reference Center, Bangui, Central African Republic.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among STD patients and to assess its association with HIV infection in central Africa. METHODS: During the study period, 410 non-pregnant women aged 15 to 45 years who attended the referral clinic for STD and AIDS of the Central African Republic
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:143 (abstract no. 13285)
Gaye-Diallo A, Wade A, Toure-Kane NC, Gueye-Ndiaye A, Soumare M, Boye CS, Mboup S;;; AU Pasteur Dakar-CHU LE Dantec, Senegal.
OBJECTIVES: To point-out the importance of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in genital infections and to determine epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical factors linked to BV in Dakar. METHOD: 720 females patients enrolled in this study were interviewed prior to the vaginal fluid collections. Prior to microscopic examinati
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:143 (abstract no. 13287)
Novotna L, Benes C;;; National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czek Republic.
BACKGROUND: Since its liberation from the Soviet block and the beginning of democratization in 1989, the Czech Republic has experienced fundamental economical transition. In the health care sector, this meant both the appearance of private medical practices, and a relative reduction in funding of the public health infr
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:143 (abstract no. 13288)
Spencer JN, Schmid GP;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: The contribution of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) to the transmission of HIV infection has been well documented. This implies that there should be coordination among STD and HIV programs. However, we do not know what the optimal administrative structures and implementation mechanisms should be. In th
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:143-4 (abstract no. 13289)
Friedman RK, Rodrigues J, Fraga LF, Melo MF, Oliveira L, Schechter M, Harrison LH;;; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of markers for STDs in a male population at high risk for HIV infection. METHODS: Projeto Praca Onze, the HIVNET site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , is a prospective seroincidence study that started enrolment in july 1995. Inclusion criteria for the study are male gender, age 18-50, H
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:144 (abstract no. 13290)
Rathore AS, Ray K;;; STD Centre Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
OBJECTIVES: To determine-- a. The HIV seroprevalence in STD clinic attendees. b. The time trend of HIV infection and its interaction with STDs. c. The epidemiological characteristics of this high risk group. METHODS: The patients attending the Regional STD Teaching, Training and Research Centre, New Delhi, were subject
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:144 (abstract no. 13291)
al Owaish R, Anwar S, Sharma P, Shah SF;;; Department of Community Health, Al Shamieh, State of Kuwait.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among male patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Kuwait with emphasis on the source of infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the STD patients who visited the Family Planning Clinic and Special Primary Health Care Center.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:144 (abstract no. 13292)
Mishra SN, Bhargava NC, Satpathy SK, Rao JV;;; National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & F.W., Government of India, New Delhi, India.
ISSUE: A National STD Surveillance System needs to be developed and integrated in the HIV/AIDS Control Programme. PROJECT: All HIV/AIDS cases as reported to the National AIDS Control Programme under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare up to December, 1997 were collected from the monthly surveillance reports fro
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:144 (abstract no. 13293)
Mazurkiewicz W, Firlag-Burkacka E, Piasek A, Wiecko-Jankowska E, Karnyska-Trypens M, Horban A;;; Institute of Veneorology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland.
1. Prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical secretion of 114 women was studied by the Digene Hybrid Capture System HPV DNA Assy.96 of patients were HIV+: 82 intravenous drug users/IVDU/, 13 infected by sexual route and 1 by blood transfusion. 18 IVDU were HIV-. The presence of HPV DNA with high risk of malignant transformatio
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:144 (abstract no. 13294)
Van der Loeff MS, Jaffar S, Akum A, Ariyoshi K, Sabally S, Corrah T, Whittle H;;; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia.
INTRODUCTION: The natural history of HIV-2 is not well known. Transmission rates are lower than for HIV-1, and the mortality ratio compared to HIV-negative people is much less increased than in HIV-1. In 1993 we conducted a survival analysis in a hospital-based cohort of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected subjects, showing a lon
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:144-5 (abstract no. 13295)
Martin JN, Osmond DH, Ganem DE, Page-Shafer KA, Macrae D, Kedes DH;;; UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, USA.
BACKGROUND: Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), a likely causal agent of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), has been shown to be more prevalent in sexually active population and is directly correlated with number of male intercourse partners. Prevention of transmission, however, requires knowledge of specific routes of sex
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:145 (abstract no. 13296)
Patrick DM, Cornelisse PG, Sherlock CH, Rekart ML, Strathdee SA, Schechter MT, O'Shaugnessy MV;;; STD/AIDS Control, Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To determine predictors of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) prevalence and HCV incidence in a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs) during a documented outbreak of HIV infection. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: IDUs recruited to the Vancouver IDU Study completed interviewer-administered questionnaires and testing for
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:145 (abstract no. 13297)
Hoffman I, Taylor TE, Jere C, Wirima JJ, Molyneux ME, Dyer JR, Cohen MS, Munthali P, Kumwenda N, Fiscus SA, Chakraborty H, Taha TE, Eron JJ;;; UNC-Chapel Hill Div of ID 27599, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria illness in adult Malawians and blood plasma HIV-1 RNA viral burden. METHODS: Malawian adults with P. falciparum parasitemia and symptoms consistent with malaria illness (the malaria group) and asymptomatic, aparasitemic blood donors (t
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:145 (abstract no. 13298)
Sreketee R, Nahlen BD, Ayisi J, Van Eijk A, Misore A;;; (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND: Documented interaction between HIV and malaria has been limited to a link between malarial anemia, blood transfusion, and HIV transmission. One study in Malawi showed higher malaria rates in multigravid HIV(+) women. We evaluated the HIV and malaria in pregnant women in Kenya
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:145 (abstract no. 13299)
Fontanet A, Woldemichael T, Sahlu T, Rinke De Wit T, Yeneneh H, Coutinho RA, Van Lieshout L;;; Ethiopian Netherlands AIDS Research Project/ENARP, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of HIV infection on S.mansoni infection intensity in co-infected individuals. DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional survey. METHODS: 1,239 randomly selected individuals aged 15-54 years living in a sugar estate of central Ethiopia were enrolled in a survey of HIV infection and parasitic
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:146 (abstract no. 13300)
Machuca A, Gutierrez M, Soriano V;;; Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the main characteristics of subjects with HTLV-I infection reported in Spain up to 31 December 1997, examining case report forms from the HTLV National Registry database. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The HTLV Spanish Study Group was founded in 1991, and includes participants from 18 diagnostic centers
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:146 (abstract no. 13301)
Mashingadze A, Bassett M, Machekano R, Katzenstein D;;; Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Harare, Zimbabwe.
OBJECTIVE: In Zimbabwe Hepatitis B virus infection is common, but is believed to be transmitted amongst the 1-4 year olds. We used enrolment data from a prospective cohort of mate factory workers to assess the relationship between HbSag and HIV positivity. Risk factors for HbSag seropositivity were also established. ME
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:146 (abstract no. 13303)
McNaghten AD, Hanson DL, Jones JL, Dworkin MS, Ward JW;;; CSTE/CDC (Centers for Disease Control), Atlanta, GA, USA.
BACKGROUND: To examine the effects of mono and combination antiretroviral therapies (ART) on the survival of persons with AIDS, and survival time among cohorts of AIDS patients based on year of diagnosis. METHODS: Data were from the CDC s Adult Spectrum of Disease (ASD) project. The risk of death for persons receiving
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:146-7 (abstract no. 13304)
Schinkel J, Langendam MW, Coutinho RA, Krol A, Brouwer M, Schuitemaker H;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: a 32 basepair deletion mutation in the gene encoding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor has been shown to have a beneficial effect on HIV disease progression in several cohort studies among homosexual men and hemophilia patients. We studied the role of the deletion in the Amsterdam Cohort of HIV-infection amon
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:147 (abstract no. 13305)
Ullum H, Cozzi Lepri A, Victor J, Alladin H, Phillips AN, Skinhoj P, Pedersen BK;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen.
OBJECTIVES: to examine: 1) levels of beta-chemokine production in different stages of HIV infection, 2) the relationship between beta-chemokine levels and concentrations of cells capable of producing beta-chemokines, and 3) the prognostic value of beta-chemokine levels in the prediction of disease progression. DESIGN A
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:147 (abstract no. 13306)
Hatzakis A, Touloumi G, Karafoulidou A, Mandalaki T, Goedert JJ;;; Athens University Medical School Goudi, Greece.
BACKGROUND: Hemophilia patients infused with non-heated plasma products were universally infected with HCV. HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) is associated with poor response to interferon therapy, and it has been suggested that hemophilia patients infected with HCV-1 may experience a more rapid progression of HIV disease.
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:147 (abstract no. 13307)
Colfax G, Vittinghoff E, Holmberg SD, Buchbinder S;;; Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Recent reports suggest dramatic declines in AIDS incidence and death, which may reflect earlier declines in HIV seroincidence as well as the impact of HAART. We evaluated AIDS incidence and mortality in 1996 compared with 1993-5 among men with well-characterized dates of HIV seroconversion (WC) to different
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:147 (abstract no. 13308)
Lyles C, Farzadegan H, Quinn TC, Astemborski J, Margolick JB, Schaeffer D, Vlahov D;;; School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether cell-associated infectious HIV viral load predicts progression to AIDS independently of plasma HIV RNA levels among HIV infected injection drug users (IDU) and homosexual men (HM). METHODS: The study (n = 450) is a combined subset of HIV infected AIDS-free IDU men (181), IDU women (84),
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:147-8 (abstract no. 13309)
Feldman J, Anastos K, Bacchetti P, Burns D, Cohen M, Delapenha R, Miotti P;;; SUNY Health Science Center@Brooklyn, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate serum albumin as an independent prognostic factor in HIV+ women. METHODS: Data were analyzed from WIHS, a prospective study of 2058 HIV+ and 567 HIV-women recruited in 5 US cities from 10/94-10/95; clinical, virologic and immunologic evaluations were performed every 6 months. Notification of dea
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:148 (abstract no. 13310)
Rezza G, Dorrucci M, Pezzotti P, Andreoni M, Ensoli B;;; Istituto Superiore di Sanita'-COA V.LE Regina Elena, Roma, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate progression rates to KS and other AIDS-related diseases in HIV-positive individuals coinfected/non-coinfected with HHV-8. To identify other determinants of progression to KS in coinfected individuals. DESIGN: longitudinal study. METHODS: We studied individuals belonging to different exposure cat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:148 (abstract no. 13311)
Ioannidis JP, Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG;;; HIVRB-NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether chemokine receptor genotypes including heterozygosity for the CCR5 32-bp deletion (CCR5 delta 32) and the presence of the CCR 64I mutation affect the rate of disease progression to AIDS (1993 CDC definition) among HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Preliminary meta-analysis of 8 cohorts with
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:148 (abstract no. 13312)
Buhler M, Proos A, Howell V, Bennetts B, Burnett L, Stewart G;;; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Westmead Hospital NSW, Australia.
BACKGROUND: Homozygotes for the 32bp deletion mutation in the chemokine receptor CCR5, the coreceptor for HIV virion entry into cells, are highly protected from HIV infection whilst disease progression to AIDS is slower in heterozygotes. Distribution of CCR5-delta 32 indicates a European Caucasian origin for the mutati
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:148 (abstract no. 13313)
McDonald A, Cui J, Kaldor JM;;; NCHECR, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
OBJECTIVE: Establish a new cohort of people in Australia with HIV infection and describe the pattern of HIV disease progression from the known date of HIV infection. METHODS: Cases of newly acquired HIV infection were defined as cases of diagnosed infection with a negative test or diagnosis of an HIV seroconversion ill
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:148 (abstract no. 13314)
Galai N, Shahar E, Naor O, Barzilai A, Pollack S, Kalinkovich A, Bentwich Z;;; Department of Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion Univ. Beer-Sheva, Israel.
OBJECTIVE: To assess potential differences in viral load levels between a cohort of Ethiopian immigrants (ETH) in Israel , infected with African HIV-1 subtype C and a cohort of non-Ethiopian Israelis (NETH) infected with HIV-1 subtype B. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHOD: Measurements of viral load (VL) and CD4 cou
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:149 (abstract no. 13315)
Nsubuga P, Okwera A, Johnson JL, Mugerwa R, Ellner J, Whalen C;;; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on survival in HIV-infected Ugandan adults. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative cohort study of HIV-infected individuals with and without pulmonary TB. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1996, 251 cases with smear-positive, culture-positive TB were recruited from the Nat
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:149 (abstract no. 13316)
Machekano R, Zhou P, Nyamurera T, Bassett M, Katzenstein D;;; Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Harare, Zimbabwe.
OBJECTIVES: Little data exist regarding the natural history of HIV infection in general populations of sub-Saharan Africa, but concern exists that HIV infection progresses more rapidly in this setting. We used the identification of HIV seroconvertors in an urban factory cohort to examine the relationship between seroco
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:149 (abstract no. 13317)
Gange S, Munoz A, Chmiel JS, Donnenberg AD, Detels R, Margolick JB;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To provide a general definition of inflection in trajectories of CD3+ lymphocytes and to characterize the prevalence of CD3+ homeostasis failure among 3495 men according to HIV positivity and the occurrence of AIDS for men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). METHODS: A two-phase regression
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:149 (abstract no. 13318)
Laporte A, Villadary I, Pillonel J, Lot F, Gouezel P;;; RNSP, Saint-Maurice, France.
BACKGROUND: In France , HAART was introduced in the first half of 1996. The study objective is to analyse over time the impact of HAART on the CD4 lymphocyte count at AIDS diagnosis. METHOD: Adult AIDS cases reported between January 1994 and December 1997 were analysed by half-year of diagnosis and number of CD4, accor
Int Conf AIDS 1998 Jun 28-Jul 3; 12:149-50 (abstract no. 13319)
Marlink R, Mboup S, Thior I, Traore I, Essex M, Ndoye I, Kanki P;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
BACKGROUND: To determine HIV seroincidence in female sex workers and to compare the time to AIDS defining disease in HIV-1 and HIV-2 seroincident women. METHODS: All registered female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal who give informed consent are enrolled to undergo serial serologic testing, clinical examination and immun
