Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LBPeD7104)
Nyarandil TM; University of Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: +254-2-724590, E-mail: monari@healthnet.or.ke.
Problem: HIV AIDS has posed a major problem in higher education institutions in Kenya through student and staff deaths, hence causing internal brain-drain and in terms of cost of treating HIV related diseases by the Institutions health centers. Methodology: The University of Nairobi was used as a representative sample
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LBPeD7106)
Price S, Ngobeni F, Mogale M, Laboudhere P; Potential Unlimited International, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 1869 351833, E-mail: Sallyjprice@aol.com.
Issues: Research reveals that although people are becoming more aware of the facts about HIV/AIDS, they still engage in high risk behaviour, and infection rates continue to rise. Motivations to change behaviour lie at the levels of personal beliefs, values and identity. HIV/AIDS Education needs to embrace all these ino
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7107)
Wong CY, Tang SC; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Psychology, Hong Kong. Fax: +852 2603-7942, E-mail: joanyan@hotmail.com.
This study examined the predicting factors of the intentions to adopt safer sex practices among the Chinese college students. The students safer sex behaviours and issues involved in influencing their behaviours were explored. One hundred and sixty-one males and two hundred and sixty-seven females participated in the s
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7108)
Govender K, Bhagwanjee A; University of Durban Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Fax: +27 31-204 4611, E-mail: kayg@pixie.udw.ac.za.
Background: STDS and AIDS/HIV presents a major challenge to the health care system in South Africa , it is argued that systematic evidence-based interventions tailored to specific populations are critical in attempting to arrest these conditions. Media materials, as an intervention medium, has the ability to influence
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7109)
Dallimore A, Ubomba-Jaswa P; DRA-Development, Durban, South Africa. Fax: + 27 31 208 4113, E-mail: antdra@iafrica.com.
Background: Given high rates of HIV infection in South Africa , the Transition to Adulthood in the Context of HIV/AIDS sheds important light on adolescents in Kwazulu-Natal. The study, undertaken by the Universities of Natal and Tulane and the Population Council, interviewed 3096 adolescents between the ages of 14-22.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7110)
Elford J, Bolding G, Maguire M, Sherr L; Royal Free and University College Medical School, Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 20 7794 1224, E-mail: elford@)rfhsm.ac.uk.
Background: Has optimism around new HIV drug therapies led to an increase in unsafe sex among gay men? To answer this question, a study was undertaken between March 1998-February 2000 among gay men in London to monitor changes in their sexual risk behaviour and to examine HIV optimism. Methods: An anonymous questionnai
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:62 (abstract no.. LBPeD7111)
Hassad R;;; UCLA, Family Studies Unit, New York Office, NY 10038. Fax: +1 212-233-4690, E-mail: rhassad@ucla.edu.
Introduction: Early in the HIV epidemic, receptive anogenital sex was explored and conclusively documented as an independent risk factor for HIV infection. This emphasis on receptive anal sex triggered a shift in sexual practices to primarily orogenital. The objective of this analysis was to explore the role of genital
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:62 (abstract no.. LBPeD7112)
Bains A;;; Sheffield Centre for HIV & Sexual Health, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 114 226 1901, E-mail: anthonyb@chsheff-tr.trent.nhs.uk.
This poster will look at the work of the SHOUT! Centre.The SHOUT! Centre is a project managed by Sheffield Centre for HIV and Sexual Health. It was established in 1996 as a collaboration between the voluntary and statutory sectors, with the aim of reducing the incidence of HIV transmission, promoting general health and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:62 (abstract no.. LBPeD7113)
Richard V, Mortier E, Djabbar H, Montanan D; Public Health Ministry, Ndjamena, Chad. Fax: +235 51 70 79, E-mail: projet.sante@intnet.td.
Objectives: To describe the demographic characteristics, HIV related risk behaviors, HIV knowledges and HIV seroprevalence of women who sell sex in Chad . Design: cross sectional study with subsample serologic component. Method: A total of 416 women (15-55 years old) were recruited. These subjects were asked to fill ou
Adult commercial sex work has become much more visible in South Africa over the past decade. Despite the democratisation and a new Constitution guaranteeing human rights to all South Africans, sex work remains a criminal activity. Sex workers continue to experience prejudice from the community at large; and their acces
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:63 (abstract no.. LBPeD7115)
McCoy HV, Williams M, Bowen A; Comprehensive Drug Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136. Fax: +1305-243-6008, E-mail: vmccoy@med.miami.edu.
Purpose: This study reports on the development of a theory driven intervention to reduce sexual risks for HIV in crack cocaine users who identified construct- specific determinants of intention and their related processes of change. Methods: A qualitative study interviewed 120 crack users in Washington DC, Miami and Co
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:63 (abstract no.. LBPeD7116)
van Empelen P, Kok G, Hoebe C, Jansen MW; Universiteit Maastricht, Department of Experimental Psychology, Netherlands. Fax: +31 43 38 84196, E-mail: p.vanempelen@psychology.unimaas.nl.
Issues: Although a large number of HIV infections are related to unsafe sex with a drug user, this HIV risk behavior has been left unattended. The present study focused on HIV risk behavior changes due to the existence of HIV/AIDS and ongoing HIV risk behavior among drug users. We especially focused on predisposing, en
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:63 (abstract no.. LBPeD7117)
Volpicelli S, Agnoletto V, La Marca P, Lesmo C, Mollica R, Campos MJ, Roumeliotu A, Olivet F, Contreras J; LILA - Italian League for the Fight against AIDS, Milan, Italy. Fax: +39.02.515095, E-mail: stefano.lila@ecn.org.
Background: the general aim of the MIRO project is the monitoring of subjective efficacy perception of informative and prophylaxis material adopted by outreach projects in relation to the modification of at-risk behaviors of HIV infection among IVDUs in the south of Europe. Methods: qualitative multi center study: 2554
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:64 (abstract no.. LBPeD7118)
Mitchell C, Smith A; University of the Witswatersrand, Dept. of English, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 11-403-7309, E-mail: csaemp@mweb.co.za.
Issue: The issue to be addressed in the session relates to the parallels between the growing violence directed towards girls and young women in South African schools, and the growing incidence of HIV/AIDS. The focus is on examining a school-based project which links strategies for addressing sexual harassment and HIV/A
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:64 (abstract no.. LBPeD7119)
Murto C, So J; Sunrise Community Counselling Center, Los Angeles, CA. Fax: +1 213-207-277, E-mail: cmurto@hotmail.co.
Background: Non-profit organizations working with HIV positive women noted that many of the women in support programs in the United States had issues surrounding domestic violence. The objective of this research is to assess the prevalence of domestic violence exposure in HIV positive women to determine if there is a c
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:64 (abstract no.. LBPeD7120)
Kim J, Pronyk P; Health Systems Development Unit, Tintswalo Hospital, Acornhoek, South Aftica. Fax: +27 13 797 0082, E-mail: pronyk@soft.co.za.
Issues: It is widely recognised that violence against women is a problem of extraordinary magnitude in South Africa . In 1993, the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women noted that South Africa has the highest rape statistics in the world, and South African women s organisations estimate that as many as one in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:65 (abstract no.. LBPeD7122)
Wojcicki J;;; UCSF, Stanford, CA 94305, E-mail: wojcicki@ucla.edu3.
This research focused on person-centered interviews with twenty-five women in Soweto who exchange sex for money with men in shebeens/taverns or atstokvels. These women are particularly likely not to use condoms with men (clients) due to economic circumstances. Moreover, they do not identify as sex-workers or prostitute
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:65 (abstract no.. LBPeD7123)
Plummer M, Todd J, Changalucha J, Mshana G, Wamoyi J, Balira R, Mosha F, Wight D, Obasi A, Peeling R, Mabey D, Grosskurth H, Hayes R, Ross D; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM Collaborative Research Projects, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of. Fax: + 255 68 500019, E-mail: mema@twiga.com.
Background: Self-reported sexual behaviour may be incorrect e.g. because of misunderstanding the question, poor recall or intentional misrepresentation. One way to check the validity of self-reported data is to triangulate self-reported results with biological markers such as STIs and pregnancy. Methods: In 1998 9,280
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:42 (abstract no.. LbFeB7042)
Merchant R, Menon P, Shah N, Sharma A, Oswal J; Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Parel, India. Fax: +91 22 300 10 17.
Background: Objective of this study was to evaluate the adrenal cortisol reserves in symptomatic HIV positive children. As the clinical features of HIV wasting syndrome often overlap that of adrenal insufficiency, the Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis evaluation serves as a good marker of adrenal insufficiency.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:16 (abstract no.. LbOr1)
Owor M, Deseyve M, Duefield C, Musisi M, Fleming T, Musoke P, Guay L, Mmiro F, Jackson B; MU-JHU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: +256 41-541044, E-mail: mujhu@afsat.com.
Objective: Preliminary results of the Uganda HIVNET 012 trial of short-course nevirapine (NVP) vs short-course AZT to prevent perinatal HIV transmission were reported last year. Final HIV-transmission rates up to 14-16 weeks (dat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr10)
Joshi S, Joshi SS, Vergara PT, Shah PS, Dongre R, Bhalala US; MGM Hospital, Mumbai, India. Fax: +91-22-6443572, E-mail: srjoshi@vsnl.com.
Background: The benefits of pulsed anti-retroviral (ARV) regimens are being explored with the hope to improve and increase access to medical treatment for HIV all over the world. The aim of this study is to establish the efficacy and safety of structured interrupted anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy using the alternate one
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:19 (abstract no.. LbOr11)
Dybul M, Yoder C, Belson M, Chun TW, Hallahan C, Justement JS, Hertogs K, Larder B, Metcalf J, Davey R, Fauci A;;; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Fax: 301-402-0070, E-mail: mdybul@nih.gov.
Background: Continuous HAART, although effective in many patients, can be toxic and prohibitive in cost for many countries, and adherence is difficult. By decreasing the time that patients receive medications, intermittent HAART could reduce cost and toxicity while enhancing adherence. Methods: 70 HIV-infected individu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:19 (abstract no.. LbOr12)
Dybul M, Yoder C, Belson M, Hallahan C, Hertogs K, Larder B, Metcalf J, Davey R, Chun TW, Polis M, Dimitrov D, Fauci A; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Fax: 301-402-0070, E-mail: mdybul@nih.gov.
Background: Continuous highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), although effective in many patients, can be toxic and prohibitive in cost for many countries and adherence is difficult. By decreasing the time patients receive medications, intermittent HAART could reduce cost and toxicity while enhancing adherence.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:19 (abstract no.. LbOr13)
Jackson JB, Mracna M, Guay L, Dileanis JA, Musoke P, Mmiro F, Eshleman SH; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287. Fax: 410-614-2907, E-mail: bjackso@jhmi.edu.
Background: In HIVNET 012, treatment naive Ugandan women and infants received a single dose of NVP for prevention of HIV-1 perinatal transmission. Women received NVP at the onset of labor, and infants received NVP within 72 hours of birth. In this trial, 36 infants were HIV-1 infected by 6 weeks of age despite NVP prop
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:20 (abstract no.. LbOr14)
Sullivan J, Cunningham C, Dorenbaum A, Mofenson L, Culnane M, Gelber R, Britto P; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Worcester, MA 01650. Fax: 508-856-5500, E-mail: John.Sullivan@umassmed.edu.
We assessed the prevalence of reverse transcriptase (RTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations at deliver and 6 weeks postpartum in women in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 316. PACTG 316 is a blinded, ongoing trial evaluating efficacy of single dose nevirapine (
Background: In Thailand , subtype E has been found to be the majority of HIV-1 infection via heterosexual. Intervention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 using short course (Bangkok regimen) of AZT to HIV-1 infected pregnant women during the last trimester and delivery has been proposed.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:20 (abstract no.. LbOr16)
Gingelmaier A, Eberle J, Kaestner R, Knobbe A, Dathe O, Guertler L, Stauber M, Grubert TA; I.Frauenklinik der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany, E-mail: gingelmaier@usa.net.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine if or to what degree genotypic resistance testing in pregnancy is useful concerning the therapeutic control of the anti-retroviral drug therapy to avoid a vertical transmission. A second goal was to investigate the prevalence of anti-retroviral drug resistances of preg
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:20 (abstract no.. LbOr17)
Page-Shafer K, Alves K, Graves A, Caseiro M, Rawal B, Sucupira C, Guevara H, Diaz R, Rutherford G, Coates T; University of California, San Francisco, CA 94105. Fax: 415-597-9125, E-mail: shafer@psg.ucsf.edu.
Objectives: To (1) estimate HIV incidence among ATS clients in Santos, Brazil by sensitive/less-sensitive (S/LS) EIA testing; (2) describe risk factors associated with recent infection; and (3) measure the prevalence of anti-retroviral (ARV) resistance and subtypes among recent infections. Methods: We collected sera fr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:21 (abstract no.. LbOr18)
Juillet A, Malaval C, Msellati P, Moatti JP; ANRS/IRD, Abidjan, Cote D?Ivoire. Fax: +225-35 40 15, E-mail: juillet@bassam.ird.ci.
One of the objectives of the UNAIDS Initiative is to improve access to HIV related drugs. What is the real impact of implementation of the Ivory Coast UNAIDS Initiative on quantities of drugs sale and on prices of anti-retrovirals (ARV) and for other drugs for opportunistic infections (OI). Methods: The Initiative star
Issues: An independent evaluation of a program on access to anti-retroviral (ARVs) in Morocco has been carried out. The program is supported by the International Solidarity and Therapeutic Fund (FSTI) and the evaluation was supported by UNAIDS . The results of the evaluation are being finalized and discussed with inter
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:16 (abstract no.. LbOr2)
Moodley D; University of Natal Medical School, Congella, South Africa. Fax: +27-31-260-4241, E-mail: moodley j@med.und.ac.za.
Background: Two short course anti-retroviral regimens, previously demonstrated to effectively prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 within 6 weeks of birth, were compared in a randomised open-label trial conducted in South Africa . Methods: There were 1306 HIV-1 infected pregnant women assigned to one of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:21 (abstract no.. LbOr20)
Laniece I, Ciss M, Djeme B, Ndoye I; Cooperation Francaise, Programme National de Lutte contre le SIDA, Dkara Medina, Senegal. Fax: +221 822 15 07, E-mail: laniecebissao@metissacana.sn.
Issues: There have been debates about the ability of African patients to reach a high level of observance. In the Senegalese Initiative, a research study (PNLS/ANRS/IMEA) assessed the adherence to anti-retroviral treatment over a 6 months period. Description: 99 patients filling their monthly anti-retroviral prescripti
Issues: Thailand , out of a total population of 61 million, about one million people are infected with HIV. There are 30,000 to 50,000 new AIDS cases each year. It is estimated that about 5 % of HIV infected people can get access to anti-retroviral double therapy and very few get treatment with three drugs which costs
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:22 (abstract no.. LbOr22)
Marseille E, Kahn JG, Saba J; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA. Fax: 800-683-3442, E-mail: emarseille@home.com.
Background: HIV/AIDS places a large cost burden on African business, including lost productivity, death payments, and new worker training. To reduce these costs, companies may be willing to increase payments for HIV therapy: prophylaxis and treatment of OIs and, especially with recent 85% price reductions, anti-retrovi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:22 (abstract no.. LbOr23)
Sylla O, Laniece I, Mbodj L, Ndoye I; Service de Psychiatrie, Dakar Fann, Senegal, E-mail: osylla@ucad.refer.sn.
Issues: The Senegalese Initiative was set up with a goal of equity. For that, patients? financial participation is indexed to income. A research study (PNLS/ANRS/IMEA) was conducted to evaluate the microeconomic impact of drugs costs. Patient?s family situation, employment status and financial resources were assessed.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:22 (abstract no.. LbOr24)
Cao H, Flores J, Sentongo E, Allen M, El Habib R, Sheppard H, Mbidde E, Mugyenyi P, Wilson S, Hom D; Massachusetts General Hospital, AIDS Research Center, Charlestown, MA 02129. Fax: 617-726-5411, E-mail: cao@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
The first prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine study in Africa aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in seronegative Ugandan volunteers. Forty individuals were randomized to receive the live canarypox vector in a double-blinded fashion at months 0, 1, 3 and 6. HIV-specific cellular immune respon
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:23 (abstract no.. LbOr25)
Ensoli B, Cafaro A, Caputo A, Maggiorella MT, Negri D, Pace M, Borsetti A, Baroncelli S, Fanales-Belasio E, Michelini Z, Macchia I, Ridolfi B, Sernicola L, Moretti S, Belli R, Corrias F, Verani P, Titti F, Butto S; Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Rome, Italy. Fax: +39-06-49903002, E-mail: ensoli@iss.it.
Vaccine strategies based on the HIV/SIV envelope (Env) have failed to protect nonhuman primates against heterologous virus challenge due to the Env variability. Thus, new strategies aimed at controlling virus replication and disease onset should be developed to block the epidemic. We have chosen the HIV Tat protein bec
Background: The therapeutic vaccine, Remune, had undergone Phase I and II trials in Thailand in 1999. This reports results of the continuing follow up study done on the subjects previously enrolled in the Phase II trial. Methods: The 297 subjects previously enrolled in the 40-week Phase II trial of the Remune are still
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:23 (abstract no.. LbOr27)
Vergara PT, Joshi Sr, Shah PS, Sultan M, Bhalala US, Womack C; Univ. of California, Davis, Monte Sereno 95030. Fax: 91-22-644-3572, E-mail: ptvergara@ucdavis.edu.
Background: Alternative immunological therapies are reshaping case management of HIV/AIDS. Punarvine is an herbal (ayurvedic) medicine with endogenous IL-2 and multiple other immune-modulating components. This present study highlights the use of this natural source in a small anti-retroviral (ARV) -naive HIV cohort fro
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:24 (abstract no.. LbOr28)
Youle M, Fisher M, Nelson M, Dykhoff A, Doggett TA, Richardson C, Janossy G, Loveday C, Sullivan A, Johnson M, Tavel J, Fosdick L, Emery S; Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 207 830 2201, E-mail: myoule@rfh1.demon.co.uk.
Background: IL-2 therapy increases CD4+ cell counts (CD4) in subjects receiving anti-retroviral medication. Concern has been expressed that IL-2 alone might cause a sustained increase in HIV replication. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the virological and immunological effects of IL-2 alone in anti-retr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:24 (abstract no.. LbOr29)
Bentwich Z, Kalinkovich A, Borkow G, Quibin L, Wolday D, Maayan S, Landay A, Galai N, Weisman Z; AIDS Center, Rehovot, Israel. Fax: +972-89410461, E-mail: bentwich@agri.huji.ac.il.
Background: We have suggested that helminthic infections make the host susceptible to HIV infection, less able to cope with it, and impaired in protective cellular immunity towards infections including HIV, because of the chronic immune activation (Immunol Today 16:187,1995; ibid 20:485,1999). The study of Ethiopian im
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:16 (abstract no.. LbOr3)
Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Coeur S, Kim S, Karnchanamayul V, Hansudewechakul R, Putiyanun C, Vithayasai V; Institut National d?Etudes Demographiques, Paris, France.
Background: To facilitate ZDV use for the prevention of perinatal HIV in resource limited settings, the optimal treatment duration needs to be determined. Methods: Multicenter, randomized, 4 arm, double-blind equivalence trial to compare safety and efficacy of maternal ZDV starting at 28 wks gestational age (300mg bid;
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:17 (abstract no.. LbOr4)
Blattner W, Cooper E, Charurat M, Thompson B, Hanson C, Mofenson L, Pitt J, Handelsman E, Diaz C, Hayani K, Smeriglio V, Hoff R; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD 21202. Fax: 410 706-1944, E-mail: blattner@umbi.umd.edu.
Objective: The WITS, a prospective clinical cohort study, has followed pregnant women with HIV-1 infection since 1989 through time periods characterized by different therapies. The current study evaluates the impact of different therapeutic strategies on viral load at delivery and perinatal transmission. Design: Plasma
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:17 (abstract no.. LbOr5)
Gray G; P O Bertsham, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 11 938 39 73.
The PETRA trial, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, conducted under the auspices of UNAIDS in South Africa , Tanzania and Uganda , is unique among studies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT), because of its large sample size, mult
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:17 (abstract no.. LbOr6)
Coutsoudis A; University of Natal, Congella, South Africa. Fax: +27-31-2604388, E-mail: coutsoud@med.und.ac.za.
Background: Risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 through breastfeeding has not previously been examined in the light of the pattern of breastfeeding. We present the completed results (up to 15 months) of the effect of exclusive breastfeeding vs mixed breastfeeding. Methods: Following counselling, women
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr7)
Vila J, Rodriguez CG, Maidana MM, Capurro AF; Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: +54 11 47 84 54 00 int.2533, E-mail: invest@ub.edu.ar.
Background: The objective of this study is to analize if the regimens with HU can be considered as first line treatments (T) for naive patients (pts.). Material and methods: An open label study were developed March 1995 to April 2000. To be included the patients had to present detectable Viral Load (VL) and to comply w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr8)
Aboulhab J, Karim F, Verghese I, Leo YS, Chapman C, Paton N;;; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
Background: Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine are inexpensive drugs with anti-HIV activity in-vivo, and synergistic activity with hydroxyurea and didanosine in-vitro. We performed a prospective open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine,hydroxyurea and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr9)
Kityo C, Ogwal JW, Kibuuka H, Atwine D, Kebba A; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: +256-041-342632, E-mail: jcrc@starcom.co.ug.
Background: The greatest burden of HIV infection is in developing countries which have poor access to anti-retroviral therapy and limited resources to buy the drugs. Hydroxychloroquine, a very cheap drug has been shown to have anti-HIV activity both in vitro and in vivo. This study proposes to evaluate the safety and t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:31 (abstract no.. LbPeA7001)
Sedlacek D, Subrt I; dr. E. Benese, Czech Republic. Fax: +420 19 7422691, E-mail: sedlacek@fnplzen.cz.
Background: Chemokine receptor CCR5 is an important surface co-receptor structure which is necessary for binding of HIV-1 to target macrophage cell lines serving as reservoirs for HIV CCR5 protein is coded by CCR5 gene. It was previously reported that people with mutated CCR5 gene are HIV-1 resistant due to non-express
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7002)
Saha K, Dave R, Gupta A, Zhang J, Zerhouni B; Children's Research Institute/OSU, Columbus, OH 43205. Fax: 614-722-3273, E-mail: sahak@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu.
HIV-1 uses CD4 as a receptor to infect CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Although previous studies have shown that occasional CD8+ cells may become infected with HIV-1, it was assumed that HIV-1 entered these cells using CD4 receptors either expressed transiently in CD8+ cells or in double-positive T cells. We ha
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7003)
Meell BL; University of Transkei, Forensic Medicine, Umtata, Easter Cape, South Africa. Fax: +27 47 502 2235, E-mail: meel@getafix.utr.ac.za.
Introduction: The Umtata General Hospital (UGH) mortuary has a workload of about 1500 autopsies a year.Infection is the highest risk factor associated with working in the UGH mortuary. It could be simple flu to serious infection like HIV and hepatitis. The risk of HIV is more frightening in the workers where no proper
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7004)
Parral H, Taniguchi Y, Takehisa J; Laboratoire National de Sante Publique, Brazzaville, Congo. Fax: +242 83 61 99/ +81 76 234 4237.
Background: In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo, we investigated 28 HIV-1 isolates obtained Congolese AIDS patients in 1996 and 1997. Methods: A part of the env region including the V3 loop and a part of 5 tat-env C1 region were phylogenctically analyzed. Results: The genotypes o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7005)
Watanaveeradej V, Benenson MW, Chanbancherd P, Polonis VR, Nitayaphan S, Trichavaroj R, de Souza MS, Birx DL, Brown AE, Carr JK; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850. Fax: 301-294-1898, E-Mail: vwatana@hotmail.com.
Two prospective, non-IDU cohorts in Thailand recently showed a high relative prevalence of HIV-1 V3 EIA which were not subtype AE (10%). Genetic investigation of these samples was performed in order to determine their genetic subtype. Objective: To genetically characterize HIV-1 non-subtype AE in Thailand.Methods: Fift
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7006)
Appah Jr F, Lee SK, Samms M, Riley J, Boto W; City College of New York, The City College of the University of New York 10031. Fax: 212-650-7989, E-mail: frankappahjr@mail.com.
The results of this study show that HIV-1 field isolates express two distinct conformational variants of gp120. One subset of the isolates (A--UG06c, B-RT3.12, C-UG045) display a strong beta-turn conformation in the V3 loop and the other subset (D-UG23c, D-UG042 and B-RTI.4) are deficient in the expression of a beta-tu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7007)
Montano M, Essex M; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA 02115. Fax: 617-739-8348, E-mail: mmontano@hsph.harvard.edu.
Background and Methods: Despite the extraordinary amount of HIV-1 genetic diversity within individuals and populations that has identified the global presence of at least 11 subtypes (A-K), the potential link between genetic change, subtype configuration and an adaptive phenotype remains unclear. To assess the potentia
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7008)
Bikandou B, Taniguchi Y, Takehisa J, Mboudjeka I, Harada Y, Nzoukoudi MY, M'Vouenze R, Ido E, Ichimura H, M'Pele P, Parra HJ, Hayami M; Institute For Virus Research, Laboratory of Pathogenic Virus, Kyoto University, Japan. Fax: +81.75.761.9335, E-mail: bbikando@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Background: In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo, we investigated 28 HIV-1 isolates obtained from Congolese AIDS patients in 1996 and 1997. Methods: A part of the env region including the V3 loop and a part of 5 tat-env C1 region were phylogenetically analyzed. Results: The genoty
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7009)
Beatrice S, Oleszko W, Punsalang A, El-Fishawy M; New York City Department of Health, NY 10016. Fax: 212-447-2877, E-mail: stbeatrice@compuserve.com.
Background: As a result of large numbers of immigrants moving to New York City from HIV-2 endemic areas, since 1988, the NYC Dept of Health (DOH) has been performing HIV-2 antibody (Ab) screening on samples testing inconclusive for HIV- I Ab. However, persons infected with HIV-2 would be missed if they either lacked cr
Background: Regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral transcripts by a viral protein (Rev/Rex) is a characteristic feature in the replication cycle of complex retroviruses. We recently reported that the endogenous retrovirus family HTDV/HERV-K encodes a protein, Corf, which is a cellular counterpart of Rev/Rex f
Background: Reliable site-of-care HIV testing is an essential tool to slow down the spread of HIV, but is biased because of the lack of Western-Blot type confirmation and HIV1/2 differentiation tests. Methods: A new heat stable and sensitive detection system, the optimal catch avidity particles, was developed and used
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:34 (abstract no.. LbPeA7012)
Msowoya K, Marum E, Barnaba A, Feluzi H, Campbell C, Dillon B, Fridlund C, Rayfield M, Nkhoma W; Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization, Limbe, Malawi. Fax: +265-671-110, E-mail: macro@malawi.net.
Background: Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is increasingly recognized as a key intervention for HIV prevention and early access to care. Utilization of VCT, however, has been low in Malawi and other countries in Africa, and access to VCT has been limited by inadequate, centralized laboratory facilities. In
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:35 (abstract no.. LbPeA7013)
Casteling A, Martin D, Napier G; Toga Laboratories, Edenvale, South Africa. Fax: +27 11 4535059, E-mail: alisonc@iafrica.com.
Background: Increasing access to anti-retroviral therapies in South Africa has prompted the need for viral load measurement technologies to assist in making treatment decisions. The two commonly requested viral load assays are RT-PCR(AMPLICOR) and the branched DNA (QUANTIPLEX) assays. We compared the results generated
Background: Diagnosis of HIV-infection children born to HIV- infected mothers is determined by detection of proviral HIV- I DNA or HIV antibody persistence beyond 18 months of age. The objective of this study was to determine whether T-lymphocyte subsets as markers for discrimination between HIN-infected and uninfected
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:35 (abstract no.. LbPeA7015)
York D, Singh B, Gopaul W, Smith A; University of Natal, Department of Virology, Congella, South Africa. Fax: +27 31 360 3744, E-mail: york@med.und.ac.za.
Background: KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is regarded as the epicenter of HIV in Southern Africa. HIV prevalence data suggests that the epidemic is leveling off at just above 31% in the province. In 1999 the prevalence was 31.5% down from 32.5% in 1998. In high prevalence areas there is a need for a simple routine procedure that
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:36 (abstract no.. LbPeA7016)
Cichutek K, Neumann J, Spielhofen A, Groeschel B, Miller V, Stazewski S, Doerr HW, Flory E; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany. Fax: +49 6103 77 12 55.
Identifying the immunologic and virologic consequences of anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients is of major importance in developing long-term treatment strategies for patients with HIV-infection. We designed a random trial to charaterize these immunological parameters after highly active anti-retroviral the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:36 (abstract no.. LbPeA7017)
Elbeik T, de Souza M, Sriplienchan S, Trichavaroj R, Chuenchitra C, Nassos P, Ng VL; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 94110. Fax: 415-206-3045, E-mail: elbeik@its a.ucsf.edu.
Background: Two commercially available HIV viral load assays (Bayer bDNA, v. 3.0, bDNA ; Roche Amplicor Monitor, v. 1.5, Ampticor ) detect all reference isolates within group M (subtypes A, B, C, D and E) at a single concentration of 4.4 logl0 virus particles/mL. Objective: 1) To compare precision and absolute values b
Background: Ethiopia has the third largest estimated HIV-1 infected population in the world. Until recently, HIV prevalence estimates obtained from studies in various Ethiopian population groups were regularly increasing year after year. Since 1995, we have established a sentinel surveillance system in Addis Ababa, the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:36 (abstract no.. LbPeA7019)
Muller-Trutwin M, Gueye A, Diop OM, Kornfeld C, Faye A, Mathiot C, Corbet S, Barre-Sinoussi F; Unite de Biologic des Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 45 68 89 57, E-mail: mmuller@pasteur.fr.
Background: Chronic SIVagm infection in African Green Monkeys (AGM) is characterised by a persistently low viral load in axillar and inguinal lymph modes (LN) that correlates with the lack of disease in these animals. In order to better understand the persistent control of viral load in AGMs, we quantified viral RNA in
Issues: In most patients HAART therapy has resulted in a significant restoration of immunocompetence against other infections but an insufficient immunological suppression of HIV resulting in a rebound of HIV after cessation of therapy. As this suggests that HIV-specific T-cell clones are lost at earlier stages of infe
Antibodies neutralizing a broad range of primary isolates (PI) are very difficult to induce by vaccination. These antibodies can however sometimes be detected in sera from HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study is to characterize the neutralizing antibodies induced in HIV-infected individuals and to determine
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:37 (abstract no.. LbPeA7022)
Parren P, Marx P, Cheng-Mayer C, Harouse J, Moore J, Burton D;;; The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology, La Jolla, CA. Fax: 858-784-8360, E-mail: parren@scripps.edu.
Background: Neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 will most likely play an important role in a vaccine against HIV-1 and may be useful in passive immunoprophylaxis of HIV-1 infection. Passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies in animals models has been shown to provide protection against HIV-1 challenge. Most HIV-1 i
Nepal is a small Himalayan Kingdom sandwiched between two huge nations, India in South and China in North. Around 5,000 - 7,000 girls are trafficked to India annually by pimps with false assurances of lucrative employment and marriages.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:38 (abstract no.. LbPeA7024)
Kinter A, Umscheid C, Arthos J, Cicala C, Chun TW, Ehler L, White A, Jackson R, Donoghue E, Fauci A; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Fax: 301-402-4122, E-mail: akinter@niaid.nih.gov.
Background: Resting CD4+ T (RT4) cells are a well characterized cellular HIV reservoir believed to play an important role in the persistence of HIV in vivo following long-term HAART. It is not clear whether this cellular HIV reservoir contributes to the low level viral replication demonstrated to occur in many HAART tr
The mechanism by which HIV-1 kills CD4+ T lymphocytes remains largely unknown. A clear understanding of the death process occurring in infected cells may provide valuable insight to the viral component responsible for cytopathicity. This information, in turn, can aid in the design of preventative treatments against the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:38 (abstract no.. LbPeA7026)
Mampuru L, Mayhew C, Abotsi E, Becker R, Rangnekar V, Ahmed M; University of the North, Department of Biochemistry, Province, South Africa. Fax: +27-15-268-3234, E-mail: leseilanem@unin.unorth.ac.za.
Murine Leukaemia virus (LP-BM5 MuLV) is a retrovirus mixture capable of eliciting AIDS-like syndromes, termed murine AIDS(MAIDS). We used murine bone marrow-derived stromal cells to study the events associated with LP-BM5 MuLV infection on the process of apoptosis. Bone marrow stromal cells serve as viral reservoirs du
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7027)
Smith D, Cannon M, Dollard S, Klein R, Schuman P, Rich J, Vlahov D, Pellett P; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. Fax: 404-639-6118, E-mail: dks0@cdc.gov.
Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causal agent of Kaposi s sarcoma, is transmitted sexually among men who have sex with men. However, it is not yet clear whether HHV-8 is transmitted via other routes, such as blood. Methods: We studied HHV-8 infection in the HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) study cohort, whic
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7028)
Webster-Cyriaque J, Raab-Traub N; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599. Fax: 919-966-3015, E-mail: jennifer@med.unc.edu.
Background: Opportunistic DNA viruses are frequently the etiologic agents of AIDS associated oral lesions. Of known AIDS associated oral lesions only the immuno-deficiency-associated hairy leukoplakia (HLP) lesion is capable of abundant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) virus production and is the only pathologic manifestation
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7029)
Gorochov G, Hartley O, Dorgham K, Perez-Bercaff D, David A, Gaertner H, Offord RE, Pancino G, Debre P; Faculty of Paris, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 42 17 74 90, E-mail: guy.gorochov@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr.
Background: The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are promising targets for HIV therapy. We have used a phage display aproach to isolate mutant forms of RANTES with antiviral activity considerably in excess of the native sequence. Methods: The mutants were selected from a library whose design was informed by existing
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7030)
Price D, Chao SH, Fujinaga K, Marion J, Taube R, Sausville E, Senderowicz A, Peterlin M; University of Iowa, Department of Biochemistry, Iowa City 52242. Fax: 319-335-9570, E-mail: david-price@uiowa.edu.
Flavopiridol (L86-8275, HMR1275) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor that is used in clinical trials as a cancer treatment because of its antiproliferative properties. We found that the flavonoid inhibited the kinase activity of P-TEFb with a Ki of 3 nM and was not competitive with ATP. P-TEFb comprised of Cdk
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7031)
De Mendoza C, Zamora L, Ciria L, Fortuny C, Gonzalez-Hinjos M, Garcia F, De Jose MI, Ramos JT, Asensil F, Soriano V; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Fax: +34 91 733 66 14, E-mail: CMENDOZA@teleline.es.
A prospective, multicenter, open trial of d4T plus ddl in children with asymptomatic HIV infection, naive for anti-retroviral therapy or without treatment for the last 3 months, and with plasma viral load
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7033)
Engelhardt DL, Liu D, Wit Q, Ho J, Dunn E, Ng J, Cowan M, Conant M, Eden C, Laurence J, Thalenftld B; Enzo Biochem, New York, NY 10022. Fax: +1 212-583-0150, E-mail: Info@corp.enzobio.com.
Objective: To restore immunocompetency in HIV-1-infected individuals by establishing a sustained population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC expressing anti-HIV-1 antisense RNA and resistant to HIV-1 infection. Methods: A routine retrovirus- based transducing vector, HGTV-43, was developed to deliver three U
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7034)
de la Pena N, Lutwick L, Sathe S; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203. Fax: +1 718-270-2465, E-mail: Ndelap1070@aol.com.
We report a case of a 44-year old African-American man from New Jersey, USA with a history of sarcoidosis, AIDS(CD4=24,Viral Load=130,000) for 4 years and not on HAART because of intolerance, who presented with a 6-month history of coughing, intermittent hemoptysis and low-grade fever, a 20-lb weight loss and drenching
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7035)
Novitsky V, Flores P, Chingwedere P, Gaolekwe S, Bussman H, Sebetso G, Marlink R, Yunis E, Essex M; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115. Fax: +1 617-739-8348, E-mail: vnovi@hsph.harvard.edu.
HIV-1 C is a dominant HIV-1 subtype worldwide responsible for a severe HIV-1 epidemic in Southern Africa. To facilitate the design of the HLA basedanti-HIV vaccine we studied the distribution of the HLA class I alleles in Botswana . At least three reasons establish Botswana as a potential candidate for the vaccine tria
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7036)
Kutikuppala SR, Pilli RD; Sri Surya Clinic, Kancharapalem, India. Fax: +91-891-55 73 92, E-mail: kutikupp@surya.netsourceonline.com.
Background: HIV - 1 transmission during intercourse has become a primordial aspect of the AIDS epidemic. Efforts to reverse or stop this distrubing trend include development of a safe broad spectrum, female controlled Microbicides for use during intercourse. Vaginal Microbicide Gel formation SUNRAY - 1000 has been demo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:41 (abstract no.. LbPeB7037)
Ellerbrock T, Conley LJ, Bush TJ, Chiasson MA, Sawol D, Wright TC;;; Atlanta, GA 30333. Fax: +1 404 639 6118.
Background: Little is known about vulvovaginal lesions associated with human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This information is needed to develop guidelines for clinical care of these women. Method: A total of 925 women were evaluated at semiannual gynaecolog
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:41 (abstract no.. LbPeB7038)
Agarwal SK, Singh A, Baveja UK, Subramanian A, Kapoor AK, Agarwal K, Singh NP, Prakash A; Maulana Azad Medical College, Dept of Medicine, Delhi, India. Fax: +91-11-3236437, E-mail: drashok@del3.vsnl.net.in.
Background: The present study was conducted to assess and compare the cytokine profiles in HIV +ve patients with and without Pulmonary Tuberculosis(PTB). Methods: 20 HIV +ve patients and 20 controls were divided into 4 groups of 10 each- group 1-HIV +ve patients without PTB, group 2-HIV +ve patients with PTB, group 3-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:42 (abstract no.. LbPeB7039)
Kocheleff P, Thembela B, Ndabaneze E, Dewar J, Borggreve GC, Sinevici C, Stoker A, Nys P; Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 33 347 14 96, E-mail: aklex@mweb.co.za.
Background: In developed countries, T.E. is the most frequent aetiology of cerebral masses among AIDS patients. Information from developing countries is scarce. In KwaZulu-Natal, HIV prevalence reaches 33%. We have studied retrospectively the clinical, radiological. and response to therapy of T.E. Method: Review of AID
Objectives: To assess the sero-prevalence of HIV- 1 infection in patients with cervical cancer. Whether HIV-1 infection has a relationship with the histological appearance of the tumour. Whether HIV- 1 infection could be a risk factor in patients aged less than 30 years. Methodology: 117 Patients in Mulago Hospital wit
Background: IFN therapy in HCV chronic hepatitis (HCH) in HIV coinfected patients (HIV-HCV) is poorly effective. Since the combination therapy Interferon + Ribavirin (IFN-RIBA) improves the efficacy in nonHIV pts, we evaluate tolerance of IFN-RIBA for HIV-HCV. Methods: 32 consecutive HIV-HCV pts (8 female, 24 male), me
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:43 (abstract no.. LbPeB7044)
Katlama C; Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France.
Background: Simple, potent anti-retroviral (ARV) regimens that enhance adherence and are well tolerated are needed. Substitution of complicated ARV regimens with efavirenz (EFV)-based therapy may provide these benefits. Methods: Randomized, multicenter, open-label study. Patients receiving a regimen containing PI(s) +
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:43 (abstract no.. LbPeB7045)
Mirajkar I; ACILS, New Delhi, India, E-mail: abacusl2@bol.net.in.
Issue: Sensitize workers affiliated with INTUC (Indian national Trade Union Congress) on issues around HIV/AIDS prevention and care in order to decrease stigma and discrimination at the workplace and create a supportive environment for protecting the rights of workers affected by HIV/AIDS. Description of project: 20 re
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:43 (abstract no.. LbPeB7046)
Squires K;;; University of Alabama, Division of Infectious Diseases, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006. Fax: +1-205-934-6398, E-mail: kathleen@byrd1917.his.uab.edu.
Background: The Atlantic Study was designed to compare the safety, activity and durability of d4T / ddI / 3TC , d4T/ddI/
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:44 (abstract no.. LbPeB7047)
Servais J, Lambert C, Plesseria JM, Fontaine E, Robert I, Arendt V, Staub T, Schneider F, Hemmer R, Burtonboy G, Schmit JC;;; Centre de Recherche Public Sante Luxembourg, Laboratoire de Retrovirologie, Luxembourg. Fax: +352.4411.6113, E-mail: retrovirology@chl.lu.
Objectives: To study the significance of PI resistance assays in HAART failure. Methods: For 26 patients in virological failure despite two NRTI and one PI ( indinavir , ritonavir , saquinavir )
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:44 (abstract no.. LbPeB7048)
Kurowski M, Kaeser B, Popescu M, Mroziekiewicz A, Arslan A, Staszewski S; HIV-LAB c/o Auguste-Viktoria Krankenhaus, Auguste Viktoria Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany. Fax: +49-30-790 32 005, E-mail: labor-kurowski@t-online.de.
Background: Nelfinavir (NFV) 1250mg BID has anti-retroviral efficacy comparable to the initially registered NFV 750mg TID regimen. In singledose studies in healthy volunteers, NFV exposure was increased under fed conditions compared to fasting. Objective: To investigate the effect of two different breakfasts on the pha
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:44 (abstract no.. LbPeB7049)
Hsyu PH, Lewis R, Tran J, Lillibridge J, Schultz-Smith M, Kerr B;;; Agouron Pharm. Inc., San Diego, CA 92121. Fax: +1 858-678-8248, E-mail: poe.hsyu@agouron.com.
Introduction: Combination of mini-doses (100-200 mg/day) of RTV with saquinavir and indinavir has been used to increase the levels of the two protease inhibitors . In this study, various investigational combination
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:45 (abstract no.. LbPeB7050)
Montaner J, Hogg R, Yip B, Chan K, Craib K, O'Shaughnessy M; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fax: 604-806-8527, E-mail: jmontaner@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Background: The benefits of triple-drug anti-retroviral regimens, are well established. The optimal time for therapy initiation remains controversial. We characterized the effectiveness of anti-retroviral therapy initiated at various CD4 and plasma HIV-RNA thresholds. Methods: A population-based cohort analysis of anti
Background: When to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the most important questions facing clinicians in countries in which ART is commonly used. Methods: We analysed data from CDC s Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (ASD), a medical record review study of HIVinfected patients (pts) in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:45 (abstract no.. LbPeB7052)
Somero M, Cone LA, Liguori ML; Palm Springs, CA 92262. Fax: 760-322-6789.
Adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon) is a nucleotide pro-drug that is converted in the body to PMEA, the active metabolite. Viruses resistant to ZDV, ddl and ddC and multidrug resistant viruses with the 15l mutation are susceptible to adefovir. The M184V mutation appears too hypersensitive to adefovir in vitro.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:45 (abstract no.. LbPeB7053)
Abrams D, Leiser R, Shade S, Hilton J, Elbeik T; University of California San Francisco 94110. Fax: 415-502-2991, E-mail: dabrams@php.ucsf.edu.
Background: Cannabinoid use could potentially alter HIV RNA levels by two mechanisms- immune modulation or through cannabinoid:protease inhibitor interactions as both share cytochrome p450 metabolic pathways. Widespread use of smoked marijuana in patients for symptomatic HIV infection in San Francisco prompted this saf
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:46 (abstract no.. LbPeB7054)
Mallal S, Nolan D; Royal Perth Hospital, Dept of Clinical Immunology, Australia. Fax: +61 8 9224.2920, E-mail: mallal @prodigal.murdoch.edu.au.
Background: The histopathological features of wasted subcutaneous fat in PI-treated patients have been described. Here we compare the ultrastructural features of affected fat in PI-treated and Pl-naive patients with fat redistribution. Methods: Excision biopsies from the supra-iliac region of four affected patients inc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:46 (abstract no.. LbPeB7055)
Santoro D, Visona R, Pusterla L; S. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy, E-mail: owsle@tin.it.
Background: Intermittent Acute Porphyria(IAP), deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase, presents as porphyric attack (PA): abdominal colics, confusion and convulsions or neuropathy. Menses, contraceptives and anticonvulsants precipitate the PA. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in a HIV patient (PT) with (IAP) is reported.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:46 (abstract no.. LbPeB7056)
Agnoletto V, Martini M, Delia S, Adriani B, Nasta P, Di Pietro M, Filippini P, Lesmo C, Recchia E; LILA Italian League for the Fight against Aids, Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 515102, E-mail: lila@ecn.org.
Objectives: To measure frequency, typologies of adherence to antiretroviral therapies and factors related to it, at specific time points (5 surveys) and during 18 months. To investigate the relation between adherence and therapeutic outcome. Methods: Multicenter longitudinal study. Data collected through questionnaires
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7057)
De Montaigne AB, Filisetti S, Parizot I, Lebas J, Chauvin P; Institut de l'Humanitaire, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 56 95 02 29, E-mail: ab.demontaigne@wanadoo.fr.
Background: A sociological study carried out among hospital outpatients showed a strong link between their adherence to and compliance with HAART, their perception of treatment constraints and side effects, and the way they handle HIV infection socially (see ref. ThPeB5004). A quantitative study was undertaken to asses
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7058)
Rashid JR, Koech D, Orinda, Tukei P, Benkendorfer TR, Wasunna KM, Mbui J, Otieno P, Kirigi G, Kinoti DM; Kenya Medical Research Institutt (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: drben@viron50.com.
Objective: To determine whether germanium sesquioxide or its combination with interferon alfa can be efficacious and safe compared to asymptomatic hiv-1 individuals. Methodology: Thirty-six asymptomatic HIV-1 individuals of the age of 18 years and above were enrolled into the study. They gave a voluntary informed conse
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7059)
Hassad R; UCLA, Family Studies Unit, New York, NY 10038. Fax: +1 212-233-4690, E-mail: rhassad@ucla.edu.
Introduction: There is an apparent conformity to the theoretical research design hierarchy in an area that has defied logic and common schools of thought. After almost 2 decades, about 20 anti-retroviral drugs, over 500 triple therapy regimens, and the emergence of multiple drug resistant strains of HIV, there remains
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7060)
Onyango LM, Lenya R, Njoroge M; Gertrude Garden Community AIDS Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: +254-2-339165.
Background: Gertrude Garden hospital was started fifty years ago in remembrance of Edith Grogan, wife to Colonel Grogan. Its is a unique institution in a number of ways. It is the only hospital in the sub-Saharan region that is exclusively devoted to child health care. It is designed to provide a children friendly envi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:48 (abstract no.. LbPeB7061)
Collazos J, Mayo J, Martinez E; Hospital de Galdakao, Section of Infectious Diseases, Vizcaya, Spain. Fax: +34 94 400 71 33.
Background: Medical care has substantially changed many clinical and immunological features of HIV-infected patients throughout the years. However, it is unclear whether these characteristics have also changed in the absence of medical interventions. Methods: A total of 1076 patients seen from 1985 to 1999 were studied
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:48 (abstract no.. LbPeB7062)
Esposito S, Corsil L, Adorni F, Codini G, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Principi N; L. Sacco Hospital, Paediatric Department IV, Milan, Italy. Fax: +39 02 356 73 46.
Issues: The introduction of combination anti-retroviral therapy, improvements in prophylaxis of opportunistic infections and better access to care have led to reports of falling mortality rates among adults infected with HIV-1. We examined the effects of changes in the management of HIV infection on family structures i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:48 (abstract no.. LbPeB7063)
Mazzotta F, Martim M, Agnoletto V, Carosi G, Guarinieri M, Paoletti F, Paoletti F; Via dell'Antella, Florence, Italy. Fax: +39 055 2496234, E-mail: malin.mazzotta@tin.it.
Background: The introduction of PI drugs and the resulting regimens complexity have raised concerns that some patients, especially drug users, may be unable to follow correctly treatment regimens, leading to exclusion of them from therapy. Methods: Multicenter observational study. Patients were interviewed by trained p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7064)
Phiri C, Marum E, Epino H, Mwafulira J, Kachiza C, Phiri L, Chimwaza M; Salima AIDS Support Organization, Blantyre, Malawi. Fax: +265-671-110, E-mail: (care of) emarum@malawi.net.
Background: Home based care (HBC) services for patients with AIDS are recommended in Malawi and elsewhere in Africa as hospitals do not have the manpower or resources to provide long term in-patient care. Quality of care provided by these programs has not been well studied or documented. Methods: In March, 2000, 50 HBC
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7065)
Agnoletto V, Martini M, Carosi G, Cargnel A, Mazzotta F, Guarinieri M, Corso S, Paoletti F, Lesmo C; LILA - Italian League for the Fight against AIDS, Milan, Italy. Fax: 0039 02 515102, E-mail: lila@ecn.org.
Background: Identifying patients perceptions of disease and therapy is fundamental for adherence to anti-retroviral therapy. Methods: Multicenter observational study. Data collection tools: 1)questionnaire on compliance (48 items), patient perceptions and treatment-related issues (140 items); 3)standardised attitude te
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7066)
Krishnamoorthy S, Rehak J; Western New York AIDS Treatment Group, Buffalo, NY. Fax: +1-716-892-6191, E-mail: satyakrishna@hotmail.com.
Objectives: The work of Western New York AIDS Treatment Group (WNYATG) has been instrumental in wider access to information and better treatment. This model of activism is described as an effective catalyst towards positive change at three levels:a) our understanding of HIV b) the promotion of safer behavioral practice
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7067)
Buitrcin M, Rouillon M; Peru_Meds_Pipeline, Long Beach, CA 90813. Fax: +1 562-983-1421, E-mail: mbuitron@csulb.edu.
Issues: While many medications go unused in developed countries, delivery of these surplus medications to those who may benefit can be problematic. Description: Several factors need to be taken into consideration before beginning this type of project. First is the necessity of a healthcare infrastructure. To receive th
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:50 (abstract no.. LbPeC7068)
Ortiz Nufiez E, Arredondo Paz A, Child Goldenberg R; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: eortiz@minsal.cl.
Background: Measure demographic impact of deaths caused by AIDS & describe trends. Methods: Analysis of the primary causes of death (CoD) among men & women, ages 20 and 44 (accounting for 80% of AIDS cases in 97). Calculation of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to AIDS & accidents by birth cohort, for compariso
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:50 (abstract no.. LbPeC7069)
Ortiz Nunez E, Arredondo Paz A, Child Goldenberg R; National AIDS Commision, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: eortiz@minsal.cl.
Background: Evaluate quality of PESS for AIDS since 90, estimating the under-reporting of cases & evaluating the timely case reporting. Methods: To calculate under-reported cases, we evaluated the system s sensitivity reviewing death certificates with AIDS or AIDS/HIV-related as cause of death. Total was compared w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:50 (abstract no.. LbPeC7070)
Child Goldenberg R, Arredondo Paz A, Ortiz Nunez E; National Commision of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Study the prevalence of HIV infections & trend over time for decision-making. Methods: 2 populations studied: pregnant women (P) & individuals seeking care for STD (CSTD) in regions with higher AIDS incidence rates, without changing the care centers over time. Anonymous non-linked study, consecutive
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7071)
Arredondo Paz A, Ortiz Nunez E, Diaz Herrera JE, Child Goldenberg R; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Estimate bias in the reporting of AIDS cases for information adjustment. Methods: Death certificates (DC) are issued for all deceased. MD certify cause of death (97.3% in 1996). DC has good quality, & are sent to MOH, where those diagnoses with AIDS, HIV, immune defic or AIDS-related diseases are identi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7072)
Changalucha J, Grosskurth H, Ross D, Mwita W, Todd J, Mayaud P, Hayes R; National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania. Fax: + 255 68 500019, E-mail: mema@twiga.com.
Background: In many countries, sentinel surveillance has been used to provide information on the prevalence and trends of HIV and syphilis infection. However, there is limited information on the comparability of HIV and syphilis prevalences in pregnant worrien attending ANC and women in the general population. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7073)
Bukutu C;;; Universitv of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Fax: +44-1223-330349, E-mail: cpb26@hermes.cam.ac.uk.
Background: Estimates of HIV incidence are crucial for gauging the current and future burden of the AIDS epidemic in at risk populations. Since 1990 the Unlinked Anonymous HIV Seroprevalence Programme (UAS) in pregnant women has provided Serial HIV prevalence data. However, the use of such data to derive HIV incidence
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7074)
Richter A, Loomis B, Wechsberg W; Research Triangle Institute, Williams House, United Kingdom. Fax: +44-161-232-3409, E-mail: anke@rti.org.
Issues: The North Carolina Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Intervention Research implemented two interventions with an urban, high-risk, primarily African-American, crack and injection drug-using population. Estimated costs for the standard intervention are $242 per person, and the costs of the enhanced intervention are
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:52 (abstract no.. LbPeC7075)
Loukaka JC, Tran Minh T, Bodzongo D, Sebbag R, Puruhence M, Mantion S, Gentilini M; c/o Croix-Rouge Francaise, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 444 312 34.
Study Aim: To determine HIV seroprevalence among parturients in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire, Republique du Congo, in order to guide HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. Study method: This transversal, anonymous, non-correlated seroprevalence survey was conducted between March and April, 2000 in a random sample of 568 partu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:52 (abstract no.. LbPeC7076)
Zijlstra EE, Banda HT, Harries AD, Samb B, Boereel MJ; College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi. Fax: +265 667 441.
Background: Cotrimoxazole is of potential benefit for patients with HIV/AIDS and may prevent bacterial infections as well as infections with toxoplasmosis, Pneurnocystis carinii, Isospora belli and perhaps malaria. Methods: We are conducting a study in selected HIV infected, smear postive
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:52 (abstract no.. LbPeC7077)
Jarrousse B, Perdigon E, Bentata-Pessayre M, Rouges F, Mahr A, Lortholary O; CHU Avicenne - Universite Paris-Nord, Bobigny, France. Fax: +33 1 48955887, E-mail: bernard.jarrousse@avc.ap-hop-paris.fr.
Background: Despite the impact of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), patients unaware of their HIV status still present to an emergency department with AIDS defining illness (ADI). Objective : To determine whether sociodemographic characteristics influence patterns of presentation, treatment and outcome, im
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:53 (abstract no.. LbPeC7078)
van de Ven P, Prestage G, Knox S, Crawford J, Grulich A, Allen B, Fowler D, Kippax S; National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Fax: +61 2 9385-6455, E-mail: p.vandeven@unsw.edu.au.
Background: To monitor changes and factors associated with sexual risk practice among gay men in Sydney. Method: Nine periodic surveys of gay men were conducted six-monthly from Feb 1996 to Feb 2000 at four consistent sites: two sex-on-premises venues, a gay sporting venue, a sexual health centre (average n=565). Every
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:53 (abstract no.. LbPeC7079)
Leutschet P, Reimert CM, Christensen NO, Vennervald BJ; Institut Pasteur, Madagascar.
HIV-1 seropositive men are detected with increased seminal HIV-1 RNA concentrations in the presence of urethritis. The local generation of interleukins and tumor necrosis factor in response to bacterial infection has been suggested in being responsible for an increased transport into the urogenital tract of cells harbo
Background: HIV prevalence is increasing rapidly in South Africa . The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemic of HIV among women aged 15 to 25 years in a South Africa mining town and to investigate risk factors for HIV infection and in particular HSV-2. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7081)
Leon Diaz EM, Arredondo Paz A, Ortiz Nunez EC, Peruga A, Cuchi P;;; Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas, Cuba. Fax: +537.33.3083, E-mail: Techy@one.gov.cu.
Background: To compare across countries the prevalence of 2 behaviors: sex with occasional sexual partners (OSP) in the last 12 months among sexually actives in same period, and use of condom in their last encounter with OSP. Methods: Analysis of crossectional probabilistic samples larger than 3100 from population-base
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7082)
Ross D, Changalucha J, Todd J, Balira R, Mosha F, Peeling R, Grosskurth H, Mabey D, Hayes R; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM Collaborative Research Projects, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania. Fax: + 255 68 500019, E-mail: mema@twiga.com.
Background: A community-randomized trial is being conducted in rural Tanzania to assess the impact of an adolescent reproductive health intervention that primarily targets pupils in the last three years of primary school. Trial outcomes include the frequency of HIV, other STIs, pregnancy and reported sexual behaviour.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7083)
Goncalves MA, Massad E, Villa LL, Burattini MN; School of Medicine, The University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fax: + 55 11 2909838, E-mail: mnburatt@usp.br.
Background: Among HIV-positive women, infection with multiple HPV types is known to be more frequent and persistent, as well as a greater prevalence of high grade genital lesions. This study aims to characterize, for the first time in Brazil , HPV presence and types among HIV-positive women of a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7084)
Facanha M, Pinheiro A, Lima JR, Guerrciro MD, Cavalcante MD, Rouquayrol MZ, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil. Fax: +, 55 21 85 288-8044, E-mail: mfacanha@ufc.br.;;;
Background: By now changing in the sexual behavior seems the best way to prevent AIDS. If someone intends to modify it, he must know it before an intervention. This study aim was to know some aspects of medical students sexual behavior. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire with 33 questions was voluntarily answered
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:55 (abstract no.. LbPeC7085)
Kityo C, Schmidt C, Kebba A, Atwiine D, Mukasa B, Nielsen L, Mugyenyi P, Johnson J, Hom D, Mbidde EK, Salata B, Mugerwa R; Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Uganda. Fax: +256 41 34 26 32, E-mail: jcrc@starcom.co.ug.
Introduction: HIV-1 preventive candidate vaccines would ideally be tested for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in developing countries with the highest rates of infection. The first of such studies is being conducted in Uganda . Selection of volunteers was based on previously established criteria of HIV vaccine tria
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:55 (abstract no.. LbPeC7086)
Sousselier M, Sousselier B, Arouko H; Missions Pharmaceutiques Humanitaires, Perigueux, France. Fax: +33 5 53 07 71 90, E-mail: michel.sousselier@wanadoo.fr.
Objective: To reduce mother to child transmission of HIV. Purpose: HIVNET 012 showed that a dose of 200 mg of nevirapine administered to the mother at the beginning of the labour, then a dose of 2 mg / kg of nevirapine administered to the newborn child in the 72 hours which follow birth, reduced significantly the risk
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:55 (abstract no.. LbPeC7087)
Vergara PT, Sapatnekar SM, Joshi SR, Sultan M, Sultan S, Bhalala US; Univ. of California, Davis, Monte Sereno, CA 95030. Fax: 91-22-6443572, E-mail: ptvergara@ucdavis.edu.
The Issues: Due to an increasing number of HIV positive (HIV +) women of reproductive age, focus on HIV training in the field of Obstetrics/Gynecology to prevent vertical transmission is increasing. Now a routine prenatal test, the HIV test in a pregnant woman often leads to testing the husband. For poor economic group
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:56 (abstract no.. LbPeC7088)
Lagarde E, Carael M, Auvert B, Buve A; INSERM U88, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France. Fax: +33 1 45 18 38 89, E-mail: e.lagarde@st-maurice.inserm.ft.
Background: The efficacy of condoms in preventing HIV/STDs transmission is well established but overall rates of condom use in subSaharan Africa have remained so far too low to curb the epidemics. Promotion of condom use could be improved by a better understanding of its main determinants. Methods: A stanclardised cros
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:56 (abstract no.. LbPeC7089)
Souville M, Msellati P, Malaval C, Tape G; INSERM U379, France.
Background: Since August 98, the IC Minister of Health has introduced with the support of UNAIDS the DAI whose one of the goals is to increase access of HIV-infected patients (pts) to anti-retroviral treatment (ARVT). Similar biological eligibility criteria than in developed countries (CD4 cell counts
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:56 (abstract no.. LbPeC7090)
Bos J, Fennema H, Postma M; GUIDE Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration, Groningen, Netherlands. Fax: +31 50 363 7943, E-mail: j.bos@farm.rug.nl.
Objectives: Estimation of the cost-effectiveness of HIV-screening of patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Methods: A Bernoulli model for the secondary transmission of HIV was linked with epidemiological data on co-infection with HIV in patients attending STD-clinics in Amsterdam from 1991
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:57 (abstract no.. LbPeD7091)
Sitgraves M, Marriott V, Howard A; Englewood, New Jersey. Fax: +1 212-749-0614, E-mail: ELAYAL3(Q)aol.com.
Issues: Statistics on AIDS reveal the epidemic of children orphaned when infected parents succomb to the disease. An integrated support system is vital to ensure effective delivery of services to families during painful transition to establish a permanency plan for surviving children. Description: The panel presents mo
During HIV infection the viral tropism seems to be an important determinant of disease progression and AIDS, since the co-receptor utilization of HIV-1 was observed to switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 in more than 50% of AIDS patients. To study the influence of a phenotype switch on SIVagm replication and pathogenity, we modi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:57 (abstract no.. LbPeD7093)
Esposito S, Corsi L, Adorni F, Codini G, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Principi N; L. Sacco Hospital, Paediatric Department IV, Milan, Italy. Fax: +39 02 356 73 46.
Issues: In addition to the stress of the illness, families affected by HIV face the stresses of secrecy, social stigma and pre-existing social disadvantage and are thus unlikely to have complex medical, psychological and social needs. Description: We analysed family circumstances and social care of 364 children born to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:57 (abstract no.. LbPeD7094)
Sala C, Agnoletto V, Rossi R, Lesmo C, Grieco F, Martinazzoli B, Poli M, Covi A, Losi L; LILA (Lega Italiana per la Lotta contra l'AIDS), Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 51 50 95, E-mail: claudia.lila@ecn.org.
Issue: The last years have shown a strong increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe. Many factors following the recent war, like: the massive presence of foreign military contingents; the disproportion among the male and female population lot fear a similar trend in the ex Yugoslavia territories. From Octobe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:58 (abstract no.. LbPeD7095)
Volpicelli S, Agnoletto V, Luzi A, Geraci S, Spizzichino L, Attisani A, Rossi R, Bizzo MA; LILA (Lega Italiana per In Lotta contro l'AIDS), Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 515095, E-mail: stefano.lila@ecn.org.
Background: Developed inside the frame of ALFA and Aids & Mobility Projects (both co-funded by European Commission - DGV) this research was aimed to deepen the knowledge of the informative level on AIDS issues among Migrants. In Italy data on the migrants needs regarding their knowledge of HIV ways of transmission,
Issue: The African-American church has been silent in regards to effectively and passionately addressing the needs of those infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. In addition, there are little or no prevention/ intervention efforts from this influential force in the community. Consequently, more than half of all the people
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:58 (abstract no.. LbPeD7097)
Orobaton N, Chanda D, Ward V; John Snow Inc., Lusaka, Zambia. Fax: +260 1 253 839.
Issues: In urban Zambia , nearly 50 percent of men and less than 20 percent of women cite newspapers as a source of information on HIV/AIDS. Have newspapers been responsive in breaking the silence on HIV/AIDS? Background: A total of 9979 editions of four newspapers, including two that are privately owned, were reviewed
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:58 (abstract no.. LbPeD7098)
Garcia-Sanchez I, Van-Mens L, Romo-Aviles N, Van den Berg R, March-Cerda JC; EASP(Escuela andaluza Salud publica), Campus Universitario Cartuja, Granada, Spain. Fax: +34-958-027-503, E-mail: ines@easp.es.
Issues: Justification, aims, community dimension and added value, outcomes and conclusions of a project that tackles HIV/AIDS/ prevention in women of the general population across Europe. Description: Epidemiological data show increasing prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS and STIs in the general population due to het
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7099)
Carroll R; MD Program in International Health and Medicine, Irving and Joyce Medical School, Israel.
There is a conflict over the true HIV/AIDS situation in Israel . Our research reveals that the major health organizations consider certain populations as high-risk IV drug users, the homosexual/bisexual population, and the immigrant Ethiopian population. For the larger part of the 1990s these groups were kept as the fo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7100)
Khazaal Z, Noor AM; Ministry of Health, Central Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Fax: +971 2 631 3775, E-mail: ZKhazaal@hotmail.com.
This paper describes the National AIDS Control and Prevention Program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The program was established in 1985 as a partnership between governmental and private institutions and organizations with budget allocations from governmental and local sources. The ultimate objective of the program
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7101)
Klofkorn A; World Links for Development, Washington, DC 20433. Fax: +1 263-4 776992, E-mail: akb@zol.co.zw.
The World Links for Development (WorLD) programme, a project of the World Bank Institute, coordinated HIV/AIDS activities in four of their project countries Zimbabwe , South Africa , Ghana and Uganda . Twenty schools participated in an HIV/AIDS education collaborative pr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7102)
Nyarandi TM, Mwanzia SK; University of Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: +254-2-793823, E-mail: monari@Healthnet.or.ke.
Issue: Class absentism, frequent sick-offs, missed lectures, drug shortages, and long queues at the students elinic became common since 1990 at UON. Description: The UON Student-Teacher AIDS Interaction Programme administered questionnaires, conducted direct interviews and perused medical records. Majority of students
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LbPeD7103)
Woods D; Univeristy of Cape Town, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, South Africa, E-mail: dlwoods@uctgshl.uct.ac.za.
The rapidly increasing numbers of pregnant women who are HIV positive present a challenge to midwives and doctors who provide perinatal care in South Africa . An appropriate training course in the management of perinatal HIV/AIDS is urgently needed. Based on the very successful distance learning courses presented by th
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LbPeD7105)
Katarikawe E, Garb G; World Education, Windhoek, Namibia. Fax: +264 61 240 319, E-mail: charles@iafrica.com.na; lzucker@worlded.org.
The importance of building the capacity for community response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic is increasingly recognised by specialists, however initiatives often fail to recognise the realities of the rural context, including challenges of sustainability and logistics of service delivery. Using a participatory, community-ba
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:65 (abstract no.. LbPeD7121)
Karlyn A, Mussa F; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44-207-299-4637, E-mail: akarlyn@compuserve.com.
Background: Saca cenas , one-night stands, are a common risk practise found among Mozambican youth. In-school youth have adopted consistent condom use as the norm during saca cenas , while out-of-school youth have not. Study Objective: To describe contemporary patterns of risky sexual behavior and condom use among 16-2
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:66 (abstract no.. LbPeD7124)
Warne T, Ngobeni F, Nelson G, Lantos J, Gray G, McIntyre J; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 773 274-4025, E-mail: trwarne@midway.uchicago.edu.
Background: Soweto s urban African population of over 2 million, accelerating HIV Clade C epidemic, and developed medical infrastructure, make it a likely host community for large-scale HIV vaccine research trials. This survey gathered information on community standards for HIV vaccine research, and gauged willingness
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:66 (abstract no.. LbPeD7125)
Guyon A, Obasi A, Lugoe W, Wamoyi J, Mshana G, Plummer M, Ross D, Ferguson J; Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of. Fax: +255-68-500-742, E-mail: amrefmza@africaonline.co.tz.
Background: The evaluation of HIV/AIDS peer educators (PE) programmes is a priority in the field of sexual health education. As part of a three-year school based health intervention, which is currently evaluated as part of a community randomised trial in Mwanza, Tanzania , 1124 class peer educators (CPEs) in 62 village
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:66 (abstract no.. LbPeD7126)
Visser M; University of Pretoria, Department of Psychology, South Africa. Fax: +27 12-420 2404, E-mail: mjvisser@postino.up.ac.za.
Background: With the aim of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the South African youth a national school-based programme of HIV/AIDS and life skills training has been implemented since 1998. This paper reports on an evaluative study to monitor the implementation of the programme in secondary schools over a perio
Objective: To establish the underlying factors for the unacceptable low levels of HIV/AIDS awareness in a rural high prevalence community. Introduction: Medecins du Monde has for the last seven years run a HIV/AIDS prevention and care programme in Kakuuto County, Rakai District in Uganda . Periodic evaluations that
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:67 (abstract no.. LbPeE7128)
Van Mens L, Van den Berg R; Netherlands' Foundation for STD control, Utrecht. Fax: + 31 30 2331713, E-mail: l.vanmens@soa.nl.
Issues: There continues to be a paradox in the way sex workers are treated. They are stigmatised and thought to be irresponsible because they sell sex but they are made responsible for a major social issue: HIV and STD prevention. Programmes to prevent HIV and STDs in the sex industry will have no great effect as long
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:67 (abstract no.. LbPeE7129)
Melville-Cordner I; DITSHWANELO-The Botswana Centre for Human Rights, Gaborone, Botswana. Fax: +267307778, E-mail: edu.ditshwanelo.
The Issue: The main focus of this paper will be to consider the effect on individual rights and group rights of the introduction of shared confidentiality in the Laws of Botswana in the Botswana Medical Council (Professional Conduct) (Amendment) Regulations, of 1999. Description:We have conducted grassroot research amo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:67 (abstract no.. LbPeE7130)
Marum P, Huff L, Marum S, Champiti-Binauli P, Cisse M; St. Andrews International High School, Blantyre, Malawi. Fax: +265-67 1 -110, E-mail: marum@malawi.net.
Background: In Blantyre Malawi where we attend secondary school, students are worried about AIDS. Teachers may warn about not having sex or other risky behavior, but youth are not always ready to listen to adults. Some schools have formed Edzi Toto clubs for HIV prevention, but our school did not have one. We wanted to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:68 (abstract no.. LbPeE7131)
Burns F, Fakova A, Copas A, Ramalingham G, Thorburn D, Baruah J, French P; Mortimer Market Centre, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 20 75305044, E-mail: f.burns@virgin.net.
Background: In 1996 a retrospective study of HIV positive people within London found that African people presented later with their HIV disease than non-Africans. 1 Advances in HIV therapy and awareness, health promotion, and antenatal testing, all potentially change an individuals attitude towards HIV testing. The aim
Background: The central Mozambican provinces of Manica and Sofala have an HIV seroprevalence of 18-19% in 1998 sentinel maternity surveys. With major road links to Zimbabwe , where HIV rates are even higher, this region is at risk of a severe worsening of the HIV epidemic. We therefore undertook a KABP study of mothers
Issue: This paper explores the US Congress approved 1996 Immigration Reform law, how it is been used selectively against HIV Positive Kosovar Asylum-Claimants in United States over the past one year. Description: Since the end of the NATO ing campaign on the former Yugoslavia and the withdrawal of Serbian troops in Jun
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:69 (abstract no.. LbPeE7134)
Vella S, Di Fabio S, Lapenta C, Spada M, Binelli A, Giannini G, Germinario E, Sestili P, Belardelli F, Proietti E; Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy. Fax: +39 06 49 38 71 99, E-mail: stefanovella@interbusiness.it.
We recently developed a hu-SCID mouse animal model of vaginal transmission of HIV-1 and to answer the question of whether the human lymphocytes could crosses the intact vaginal epithelia, we also report here the in vivo lymphocytes migration studies following intravaginal inocula. Vaginal infection was performed using
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:24 (abstract no.. LbPp101)
Cao Y, Zhang F, Mei S, Gao M, Ding Y, Li L, Lun W, Huang Q, Zhang M, Zheng Z, Chen Z; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China. Fax: +86-10-6779-8042, E-mail: yzcao@163bj.com.
Although widely accessible in the United States and Europe, highly active anti-retroviral (HAART) is still not a therapeutic option for many developing countries including China . We initiated the first efficacy trial of Combivir (
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:25 (abstract no.. LbPp103)
Cardiello P, Kroon E, Worarien W, Ubolyam S, Khongphattanayothin M, Chuenyam M, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand. Fax: +662 252 5779, E-mail: peter.c@chula.ac.th.
Background: Standard dosing of AZT / ddC was shown to better suppress plasma HIV RNA than dosing half in a 48-week study in 111 Thai HIV+ patients. After all patients received the standard dose of AZT/ddC in an 18-week extension, 95 eligible patients entered a ra
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:25 (abstract no.. LbPp104)
Arredondo Paz A, Nunez EO, Diaz EL, Peruga A, Cuchi P; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Compare sexual behavior in 5 countries in LAC: Chile-CHI, Costa Rica-COR, Cuba-CUB, Mexico-MEX, Dominican Rep.-DOR. Methods: Comparative analysis of representative, probabilistic, door-to-door, pop. surveys of both genders (MEX included only male), sample sizes larger than 3100 applying WHO protocol; indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:26 (abstract no.. LbPp105)
van de Ven P, Bolding G, Craib K, Crawford J, Elford J, Kippax S, Martindale S, Sherr L; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Fax: +61 2 9385-6455, E-mail: p.vandeven@unsw.edu.au.
Background: International comparisons of the association between HIV optimism and sexual risk behaviour among gay men have been hampered by a lack of standardised measures and outcomes. Methods: As part of ongoing behavioural surveillance, gay men were surveyed between Nov 99-May 2000 in Sydney & Melbourne (Syd/Mel
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:26 (abstract no.. LbPp106)
Burattini MN, Massad E, Zanetta DM, Strazza L, Azevedo RS, Carvalho HB, Menezes RX, Ferreira DP; School of Medicine, The University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fax: +55 11 2908838, E-mail: mnburatt@usp.br.
Background: Prevention of HIV among adolescents is increasingly recognized as a public health priority, mainly in developing countries where a growing contingent of disadvantaged youth survive in the streets. We studied the prevalence of HIV and related risk behaviours among disadvantaged youth. Methods: We interviewed
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:26 (abstract no.. LbPp107)
Mbulaiteye SM, Nakiyingi J, Ruberantwari A, Kamali A; UVRI/Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda. Fax: +256 41 321137, E-mail: sammwiidu@hotmail.com.
Background: There have been encouraging downward trends in HIV-1 prevalence reported from Uganda . However, the most valuable information on epidemic trends are incidence rates. We describe trends of HIV incidence and prevalence in a Ugandan population followed for 10 years. Methods: The adult population of 15 neighbou
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:27 (abstract no.. LbPp109)
Murphy G, Parry J, Gupta S, Graham C, Nicoll A, Gill N; Hepatitis and Retrovirus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 20 8200 1569, E-mail: gmurphy@phls.nhs.uk.
Background: Increased use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) amongst HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) could be expected to reduce HIV incidence. Using the detuned assay technique, we estimated recent HIV incidence at a time when combination ART was widespread in this group. Methods: The detuned assay was appl
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:27 (abstract no.. LbPp110)
Pronykl P, Kim J, Hausler H; Health Systems Development Unit, Acornhoek, South Africa. Fax: +27 13 797 0082, E-mail: pronyk@soft.co.za.
Issues: Despite broad recognition that underlying social and structural conditions such as poverty and gender inequalities affect vulnerability to HIV infection, there is a serious deficiency in the design and testing of interventions, to engage issues at this level. It is becoming increasingly clear that in the absenc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:27 (abstract no.. LbPp111)
Wood E, Braitstein P, Montaner J, Schechter M, Tydall M, O'Shaughnessy M, Hogg R; Burrard St, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fax: +1 604 806-9044, E-mail: ewood@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Background: There is growing international pressure to provide anti-HIV medications to developing nations, however, the potential impacts have yet to be characterized. We have modelled the future impact of anti-retroviral medication use in South Africa , from 2000 to 2005. Methods: A population projection model, which
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:28 (abstract no.. LbPp112)
Janossy G, Jani I; Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom. Fax: 44-20-74310879, E-mail: janossy@rfhsm.u-net.com.
Background: Recently, efforts have been made to make anti-retroviral therapy available to resource-poor countries. Several vaccines are also to enter large field trials in the near future. In contrast, CD4 counting remains mostly unavailable in developing countries due to its complexity and high costs. Thus, we introdu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:28 (abstract no.. LbPp113)
Maher B, Alfirevic A, Vilar J, Wilkins E, Park BK, Pirmohamed M; University of Liverpool, Department of Pharmacology, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 151 794 5540, E-mail: brimaher@liv.ac.uk.
Background: A fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy; LD), associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and peripheral insulin resistance has been reported in some patients taking protease inhibitors and/or nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The pathogenic mecha
Background: Protease-inhibitor (PI) based HAART is associated with fat accumulation disease. Case reports suggest an improvement of this condition with use of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). Methods: Patients on PI based HAART with fat accumulation disease were randomly double blind assigned to 3 months perio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp115)
Fessel J, Follansbee S, Anderson B, Luu T, Young T; Kaiser Permanente, Clinical Trials Unit, San Francisco, CA 94118. Fax: 415-202-3483, E-mail: jeffrey.fessel@kp.org.
Purpose: To study HDL cholesterol levels in patients on anti-retroviral drugs with central fat expansion. We predicted that HDL levels would be low in these patients since low HDL results in reduced lipid transport to the liver and excess lipid to be stored. Central fat that expands and peripheral fat that wastes have
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp116)
Lalezari J, Cohen C, Eron J, Kilby M, Nelson E, Sista P; Quest Clinical Research, San Francisco, CA 94115. Fax: 415 353-0801, E-mail: drjay@questclinical.com.
We assessed the safety and antiviral activity of the fusion inhibitor T-20 in combination with other ARVs in heavily pre-treated patients. Enrollment in T20-205 was open to patients with prior T-20 experience. Seventy patients (intent to treat [ITT]) received T-20 50 mg BID by subcutaneous injection in combination with
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp117)
Clavreul G, Jirasathaporn V; V 2000 Corporation, Pasadena, CA 91102-0867. Fax: 626-398-5664, E-mail: Raconte@aol.com.
Background: To access the safety, tolerance and efficacy of V-1 in patients with HIV/AIDS who had failed with previous antivirals or who were TX naive but in a state of extreme weakness and cachetic. Methods: The study consisted of 80 individuals (males = 46 and females = 34) with a mean age of 33-1/2 years old. 4 pati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp118)
van Rensburg CE; University of Pretoria, Dept of Immunology, Pretoria, South Africa. Fax: +27 12 323-0732.
A South African Company [ENERKOM (Pry) Ltd] has developed an unique process to convert bituminouscoal by controlled wet oxidation, followed by base treatment, to form a water-soluble humate calledoxihumate. The effects of oxihumate, which possesses direct anti-HIV activity (to be discussed elsewhere),on various lymphoc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:30 (abstract no.. LbPp119)
Hor BL, Ly PS, Saidel T, Kaoeun C, Detels R, Kaldor J; Family Health International/Asia Regional Office, Phnom Pen, Cambodia. Fax: +855-23-722-515/ 214-90, E-mail: Ihor@bigpond.com.k.
Background: In 1999, an improved surveillance plan was put in place in Cambodia featuring 1) stabilization of the choice of sentinel groups over time 2) improved sampling methods and 3) improved methods for estimation. Methods: The 1999 round of surveillance included ANC women(separate urban and rural from 20 provinces
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:30 (abstract no.. LbPp120)
Goldenberg RC, Arredondo Paz A; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, CHILE. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Analysis of indicators to interpret changes in the Chilean HIV epidemic. Methods: Indicators selected: a) Reported AIDS cases. b) Reported HIV infections. c) Confirmed HIV tests. d) Prevalence of HIV in STD patients (CSTD) and e) HIV prevalence in pregnant women (P). Trends were observed over 2 periods: Fir
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:30 (abstract no.. LbPp121)
Makubalo L, Levin J, Zaba B, Mulumba R, Bikitsha N, Mahlasela L; Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa. Fax: +27 12 323 500, E-mail: makubl@hltrsa2.pwv.gov.za.
Objectives: To assess the significance of newly released 1999 ante-natal (ANC) HIV sentinel surveillance results in the light of trends since 1990 Methods: Anonymous, unlinked ANC sero-prevalence data, collected in South Africa since 1990. Initial choice of clinics was ad-hoc, with an urban bias; since 1997 clinics in
Background: The transmission of HIV from mother to the child can now be reduced by simple treatment but some 15% of the children will be infected by the breast milk. The use of formula milk can not be recommended in many countries. This problem is a dilemma for the mothers and health care workers in the least developed
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:31 (abstract no.. LbPp123)
Howett MK, Stoltzfus S, Berlin Jr CM, Wigdahl B; M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, PA 17033. Fax: 717-531-0665, E-mail: mhowett@psu.edu.
Background: Alkyl sulfates, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are microbicidal against human papillomavirus ( HPV ), human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and chlamydia. SDS appears on the GRAS (generally regarded as safe) lis
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:31 (abstract no.. LbPp124)
Frankenfeld C, van Ejik A, Ayisi J, Ping Shi Y, Otieno J, Toren D, Misore A, Steketee R, Nahlen B; University of Arizona College of Public Health, Tucson 84724. Fax: 520-626-7906, E-mail: taren@u.arizona.edu.
Information regarding the growth of HIV-infected infants in developing countries is limited, particularly with regard to the time of infection. As part of a large prospective study on malaria and HIV transmission, 379 infants had their growth, physical health, HIV status using DNA-PCR and feeding behaviors evaluated ev
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA102)
Vaslin B, Neildez O, Larghero J, Thiebot H, Benlhassan K, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Clayette P, Dormont D, Le Grand R; B. Vaslin, Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, DSV/DRM/SNV, 60-68 Av. Division Leclerc, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France, Tel.: +33 1 146 547 374, Fax: +33 1 146 547 726, E-mail: vaslin@davidf.cea.fr
Objectives: To evaluate the consequences of initiating HAART within few hours after HIV exposure, using a non human primate model for AIDS. Methods: Twelve cynomolgus macaques were exposed to the pathogenic SHIV89.6p chimera (50AID50 intravenous injection). Monkeys were treated oraly twice a day at 8 hours intervals ei
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA103)
Gay W, Lauret E, Largherd J, Vaslin B, De Maeyer E, Dormont D, Le Grand R, Lauret E; W. Gay, CEA Service de Neurovirologie DSV/DRM/SNV, 60 68 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay Aux Roses 92265 BP6, France, Tel.: +33 1 146 549 469, Fax: +33 1 146 647 726, E-mail: wgaylen@aol.com
Objectives: To evaluate, in the model of of macaques infected with a pathogenic SIVmac251, a gene therapy strategy based on the constitutive and low expression of interferon b . We have previously reported that this strategy protects PBL from infection in vitro with SIV and that transduced cells ex vivo, persisted in t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA104)
Franchini G, Hel Z, Poudyal M, Tsai W-P, Giuliani L, Woodward R, Chougnet C, Shearer G, Altman J, Watkins D, Bischofberger N, Abimiku A, Markham P, Tartaglia J; Z.~Hel, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Room D804, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States, Tel.: +301-496-23-86, Fax: +301-402-00-55, E-mail: veffa@helix.nih.gov
The highly attenuated NYVAC-SIV-gag-pol-env (gpe)-based vaccine prevents infection and/or the development of AIDS in the SIV251 rhesus macaque model. We modeled this vaccine as a potential therapeutic agent in seroconverter macaques treated with HAART. The NYVAC-SIV-gpe vaccine induced significant levels of SIV p27 Gag
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA105)
Bossuet C, Neildez O, Vaslin B, Feuillat C, Roques P, Sellier P, Dormont D, Le Grand R; C. Bossuet, Cea Service De Neurovirologie DSV/DRM/SNV, 6068 Avenue De La Division Leclerc, Fontenay Aux Roses 92265 BP6, France, Tel.: +33 1 041 654 9469, Fax: +33 1 014 651 7726, E-mail: bossuet@dsvidf.cea.fr
Objectives: In order to evaluate the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after accidental exposure to HIV, we characterized DNA cellular viral loads and viral mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononulcear cells (PBMC) and lymph nodes mononuclear cells (LNMC) during the primary infection of macaqu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA106)
MacDonald KS, Xiong Y, Luscher MA, Ostrowski M, Li B; K.S. MacDonald, Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada, Tel.: +1 416 586 8879, Fax: +1 416 586 8746, E-mail: kmacdonald@mtsinai.on.ca
Background: To characterize a population of CD8+ T cells in acute SIVmac239 infection that bind MHC class I tetramer of Mamu A*01 complexed with the SIVmac gag CTL epitope p11c (CTPYDINQM) but do not respond in T cell functional assay. Methods: A rhesus macaque was acutely infected with SIVmac239 and cells were collect
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA107)
Schupbach J, Ledergerber B, Nadal D, Opravil M, Flepp M, Tomasik Z, Boni J; J. Schupbach, Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30, CH-8028 Zurich/Switzerland, Switzerland, Tel.: (+41)-1-634-3803, Fax: (+41)-1-634-4965, E-mail: jschupb@immv.unizh.ch
Background: HIV load measurement is a prerequirement for the use of any antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1 RNA tests are, however, inaccessible to the majority of infected patients worldwide. It is thus important to provide resource-limited countries with valid alternatives. We have previously demonstrated that two simple m
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA108)
Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Niangi MT, Rouqvet P, Apetrei C, Simon F;;; M. Makuwa, Centre International De Recherches Scientifiques, PO Box 769, Franceville, Gabon, Tel.: +241 677 092, Fax: +241 677 295, E-mail: makuwa@cirmf.sci.ga
Background: Several diagnostic strategies using rapid tests were proposed during the last ten years and recommended for implementation in developing countries. Initial screening assays for HIV diagnosis have been evaluated using panels of sera from subtype B-infected patients. However, the discovery of HIV-1 group O pr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA109)
Withum DG, Janssen RS, Mei J, Fridlund C, Parekh B, Kothe D, Bell C, Candal D, Satten G; D.G. Withum, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia 30333, United States, Tel.: +404 639 20 93, Fax: +404 639 20 29, E-mail: dgw2@cdc.gov
Backgound: STARHS uses a less sensitive (LS) EIA (3A11 Abbott Laboratories, Inc.) to distinguish persons with recent HIV-1 infection. A 3A11-LS assay is non-reactive if a person has been recently infected (average within 129 days) or if reactive, suggests a long-standing HIV-1 infection (average > 129 days). Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA110)
Young NL, Sangtaweesin V, Chaowanachan T, Chokephaibulkit K, Wasinrapee P, Neeyapun K, Jetsawang B, Teeraratkul A, Mastro TD; N.L. Young, HIV/AIDS Collaboration and US Centers for Disease, Control, DMS6 Building MOPH, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 591 5444, Fax: +66 2 580 0696, E-mail: nlyo@cdc.gov
Background: It is simpler to collect, store, and transport blood specimens using filter paper collections (filter- paper) rather than venipuncture collections into blood tubes (blood). We compared HIV DNA and RNA PCR results of specimens collected by filter-paper and blood from babies born to HIV-infected women in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA111)
Kay JW, Tan PL; J.W.D. Kay, Organon Teknika Corporation, 100 Akzo Avenue, Durham,, North Carolina 27613, United States, Tel.: +1 919 620 2430, Fax: +1 919 620 4216, E-mail: jkay@orgtek.com
Background/Objective: The Western blot (Wb) technique for detection of antibodies to HIV-1 has been the most commonly used supplemental test system for visualization of antibody reactivity to specific HIV-1 viral proteins. Each Wb system generally has focused on testing a single type of specimen matrix. The objective
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA112)
Schmitt U, Andres H, Faatz E; U. Schmitt, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany, Tel.: 49-8856-603309, Fax: 49-8856-603131, E-mail: urban.schmitt@roche.com
Background: Even with the best anti-HIV diagnostic assays the early detection of HIV infection is on average 5 to 7 days later than the detection by HIVAg-assays, but performing HIV-screening with HIVAg assays in addition to anti-HIV assays is very expensive and time consuming. We have combined both types of assay in o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA163)
Vandamme A-M, Salemi M, Stirmmer K, Hall W, Duffy M, Delaporte E, Mboup S, Peeters M; A.-M. Vandamme, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Tel.: +32 16 33 21 60, Fax: +32 16 33 21 31, E-mail: annemie.vandamme@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
In principle, the time of origin of the most recent common ancestor for a clade of contemporary virus strains can be estimated from a phylogenetic tree provided the molecular clock hypothesis holds. However, it has been shown that viruses like HIV and HCV do not follow a molecular clock because of the unequal evolution
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA164)
Lee J-S, Kim S-S, Koo B-K, Choi B-S, Seong B-M, Suh S-D, Kim O-J, Cho H-W; J.-S. Lee, National Institute of Health, Center for AIDS Research, #5, Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Korea, Republic Of, Tel.: +82 2 380 1511, Fax: +82 2 359 1397, E-mail: jooshil@nih.go.kr
Background: To evaluate the evolutionary dynamic under natural selection, the HIV-1 quasispecies virus population from a sexual transmission pair who have different HLA types (husband: HLA A2, A33; HLA B44, B51 and wife: HLA A30; HLA B13, B44) were analyzed. Methods: Proviral and cDNA sequences spaning V1 through V5 we
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA165)
McCutchan F, Carr JK, Robb M, Mascola J, Yu XF, Janssens W, Salminen M, Albert J, Burke D, Unadis P, Birx D; F. McCutchan, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 1 Taft Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States, Tel.: +1 301 251 5065, Fax: +1 301 294 1898, E-mail: fmccutchan@hiv.hjf.org
The HIV-1 pandemic is caused by multiple genetic subtypes and inter-subtype recombinants, and characterization of strains provides a framework for vaccine design and evaluation. Few studies of HIV-1 variation have employed full-genome sequencing, but this is necessary to distinguish subtypes from recombinants. Here the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA166)
Souquiere S, Roques P, Ayouba A, Robertson DL, Apetrei C, Muelller-Trutwin M, Barre-Sinoussi F, Nerrienet E, Simon F; S. Souquiere, Laboratoire de Retrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Mejicales, Franceville BP769, Gabon, Tel.: +241 677 092, Fax: +241 677 295, E-mail: souquiere@cirmf.sci.ga
Background: Studies have shown a close relationship between SIVcpz from common chimpanzees (Pan. troglotydes troglotydes ) and HIV-1 group N. However, only one HIV-1 N (YBF30) have so far been fully characterized, and a second group N strain (YBF105) partially sequenced in pol. The objectives of present study was to e
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA167)
Shao Y, Xing H, Pan P, Feng Y, Shen T, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Lu B; Y. Shao, National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, 27, Nanwei road, Xuanwu district,Beijing, China, Tel.: +86 10 631 546 38, Fax: +86 10 631 546 38, E-mail: yshao@public3.bta.net.cn
Background: The HIV epidemic in China was initiated in Yunnan by subtype B/B HIV-1, followed by subtype C and other strain. The recombinant viruses were found among IDUs in the same region. More careful study will provide better understanding at the genetic variation, phenotype change and epidemic evolution of the vari
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA168)
Burger H, Weiser B, Plummer F, Fang G, Rowland-Jones S, Chen C-H, Anzala A, Bwayo J, Oyugi J; H. Burger, Wadsworth Center, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States, Tel.: +1518-486-4323, Fax: +1518-473-4110, E-mail: burger@wadsworth.org
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV-1 epidemic has had a major impact, several HIV-1 clades often co-exist within communities. To design vaccines and understand pathogenesis, it is necessary to address viral diversity, evolution, and recombination in vivo, as well as to map the full range of immunologic de
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA169)
Arya S, D'Costa J, Davis - Warren A, Brown H; S. Arya, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute #37 - 5 E 08, Bethesda MD 20892, United States, Tel.: +301 496 48 90, Fax: +301 496 58 39, E-mail: aryas@dc37a.nci.nih.gov
Background: Though similar in over-all genomic structure, HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ from each other in many aspects of their natural history, transmission dynamics, and pathogenic potential, with HIV-2 generally being less pathogenic than HIV-1. Previous studies have shown a non-reciprocal interaction between HIV-1 and HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA170)
Nkengasong JN, Kestens L, Ghys P, Koblavi Deme S, Bile C, Maurice C, Otten R, Kalou M, Laga M; J.N. Nkengasong, Project Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 89, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: Jcn5@cdc.gov
Objective: To determine the impact of dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 on HIV-1 replication and MIA among HIV seropositive FSWs in Abidjan. Methods: We analyzed blood samples obtained from consenting HIV-seropositive FSWs attending a confidential clinic between September 1996 and June 1997. Plasma HIV-1 viral load (
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA171)
Gupta K, Siliciano RF, Ott D; K. Gupta, 3032 St Paul Street, Baltimore MD 21218, United States, Tel.: +1 410 467 1492, E-mail: kgupta@mail.jhmi.edu
Active nuclear import of the HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) is essential for the productive infection of non-dividing cells. HIV-1 s primary targets in vivo are CD4+ T cells, the majority of which are resting, and terminally differentiated tissue macrophages, rendering the ability of HIV-1 to enter the nucleus of n
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA172)
Alcami J, Pedraza M, Bermejo M, Rullas J; J. Alcami, Unidad de Inmunopatologia del SIDA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
Background and objectives: We have developed an efficient transfection system of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) that allow us to reactivate a full-length transfected provirus using different stimuli. In this system we have addressed the following questions: 1. The kinetics of HIV replication from the state
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA173)
Thiebot H, Vaslin B, Louache F, De Revel T, Neiloez O, Larghero J, Dormont D, Le Grand R; H. Thiebot, 6068 Avenue De La Division Leclerc, Fontenay Alux Roses 92265 BP6, France, Tel.: +33 1 014 654 9463, Fax: +33 1 014 654 7726, E-mail: bossuet@dsvidf.cen.fr
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine, in the model of macaques infected with a pathogenic simian/human chimeric virus (SHIV), the clonogenic capacity of bone marrow primitives (long term cultures-initiating cells or LTC-IC)) and slightly differentiated hematopoietics progenitor cells (cells forming colony
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA174)
Biswas P, Panina-Bordignon P, Mantelli B, Sinigaglia F, Poli G, Lazzarin A, Delfanti F; P. Biswas, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele, Lab. of Clinical Immunology, Infectious Diseases Dept., Via Stamira d' Ancona 20, 20127 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 2 2643 79 35, Fax: +39 2 2643 79 89, E-mail: Priscilla.Biswas@hsr.it
We have previously shown that CD30 triggering induced HIV expression in a chronically HIV-infected T cell line. In the present study we have evaluated whether signalling through CD30 could modulate acute in vitro infection of TH1 and TH2 polarized cells with X4 (IIIB) and R5 (Bal) HIV-1 strains under different stimulat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA220)
Schwartz D, Weinhold K, Castillo R, John R, Arango-Jaramillo S; D. Schwartz, Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of MMI, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1410 955 3175, Fax: +1410 955 0105, E-mail: dschwart@jhsph.edu
Background: We have developed an assay in which PBMC resistance to CCR5 tropic (R5) HIV-1BaL challenge correlates with naturally acquired resistance in vivo. This assay has been validated in long term non progressors, exposed uninfected, and HIV-2 infected individuals. We have now extended this assay to all volunteers
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA221)
Buseyne F, Porrot F, Fleury Corre B, Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Rivifre Y;;; F. Buseyne, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie virale, Batiment des Retrovirus, 28, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 4568 8899, Fax: +33 1 4061 3012, E-mail: florence@pasteur.fr
Background: HIV-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a major role in the control of disease progression. These cells can be detected by their IFN-g production after stimulation with antigen. This technique is much more sensitive than methods based on lysis of target cells. We used Elispot technique to define the HIV-sp
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA222)
Altfeld M, Rosenberg ES, Eldridge RL, Brander C, Trocha AK, Addo MM, Kalams S, Walker BD, Goulder PJ; M. Altfeld, Partners AIDS Research Center, 149 13th Street, ID Unit, 5th floor, Charlestown, MA, United States, Tel.: +1 617 724 2461, Fax: +1 617 726 5411, E-mail: maltfeld@partners.org
Given the important role of CTL responses in controlling HIV-infection, the characterization of virus specific epitopes targeted by CTL may provide the basis for the development of more effective HIV vaccines. The detection and fine-mapping of CTL responses are traditionally done with CTL clones and Cr51 release assays
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA223)
Meyerhans A, Sester M, Sester U, Kohler H, Schneider T, Deml L, Wagner R, Mnller-Lantzsch N, Pees H; A. Meyerhans, University of the Saarland, Department of Virology, Building 47, Institute of Medical Microbiology, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, Tel.: -49-6841-16-3990, Fax: -49-6841-16-3980, E-mail: Andreas.Meyerhans@med-rz.uni-sb.de
Background: Upon HIV infection, strong antiviral cytotoxic and helper T-cell responses are generated. They are considered to be an important component in the control of the HIV load. A simple and rapid whole-blood assay was established in order to quantitate and simultaneously characterise HIV-reactive CD4 and CD8 cell
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA224)
Pahwa S, McCloskey TW, Haridas V, Bakshi S, Chavan S; S. Pahwa, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States, Tel.: +516 562-4641, Fax: +516 562-2866, E-mail: spahwa@nshs.edu
Background: Antigen specific CD8 T lymphocytes comprise a major component of the cellular immune response against viral pathogens and can be detected and quantified by tetramer reagents. Methods: Fluorescently labeled tetramers for HIV gag `HLA-A*0201/SLYNTVATL and pol `HLA-A*0201/ILKEPVHGV were utilized to quantify an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA225)
Mothe B, Dzuris J, Vogel T, Liebl M, O'Connor D, Wang X, Wussow M, Thomson J, Altman J, Watkins D, Sette A, Allen T, Sydney J, Jing P; B. Mothe, University of Wisconsin Primate Center, 1220 Capital Court, Madison, WI 53715, United States, Tel.: +1 608 265 33 79, Fax: +1 608 262 54 94, E-mail: brmothe@primate.wisc.edu
Given the important role that CD8+ lymphocytes play in controlling viral replication, it is becoming increasingly clear that an HIV vaccine should induce a strong CD8+ response. Additional desirable elements are multispecificity and a focus on conserved epitopes. The use of multiple conserved epitopes arranged in an ar
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA226)
Baeten J, Mostad S, Hughes M, Overbaugh J, Bankson D, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola J, Kreiss J; J. Baeten, University of Washington, P.O. Box 91276, Mombasa, Kenya, Tel.: +254 11 22 6249, Fax: +254 11 47 4055, E-mail: jbaeten@u.washington.edu
Background: Nutritional deficiencies are common in HIV-1 disease and may play a role in HIV-1 transmission. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between selenium deficiency and vaginal or cervical shedding of HIV-1 infected cells. Methods: Vaginal and cervical swab specimens from 318 HIV-1 seropos
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA227)
Marx P, Smith S, Baskin G; P. Marx, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, United States, Tel.: +1 504 871 6255, Fax: +1 504 871 6248, E-mail: pmarx@adarc.org
Intravaginal inoculation of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) provides a model to study hormonal factors that may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaginal transmission. To understand the individual roles of the major sex hormones in vaginal transmission, ovariectomized female macaques w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA228)
Puren AJ, Ramjee G, Abdool-Karim S, Gray CM; A.J. Puren, National Institute for Virology, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 321 4228, Fax: +27 11 321 4325, E-mail: adrianp@niv.ac.za
Background: A cohort of women on the truck stop routes between Johannesburg and Durban have been found to be HIV-1 seronegative despite working in the sex industry for more than five years. To understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance to HIV-1 in these women, studies were performed to investigate the associati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA229)
Bukusi E, Cohen C, Karanja J, Waiyaki P, Bwayo J, Eschenbach D, Eschenbach D, Kreiss J, Holmes K; E. Bukusi, University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 714 851, Fax: +254 2 583 171, E-mail: ebukusi@ratn.org
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), found in up to 50% of reproductive aged women in sub-Saharan Africa, has been estimated to account for 30% of female HIV-1 acquisition. Therefore, we wanted to define risk factors in women and their male sexual partners. Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic women aged 18 - 45, a
Objectives: (1) to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-1 and HCV genomes in semen. (2) to determine the correlation between seminal and plasma viral load, CD4 cell count and treatment. (3) to assess the efficacy of sperm washing for reducing HIV and HCV transmission by insemination in serodiscordant couples wishing to have
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA231)
McClelland R, Wang C, Mandaliya K, Overbaugh J, Reiner M, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Kreiss J, Panteleef D, Lavreys L; R. McClelland, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Tel.: +1 206 731 28 22, Fax: +1 206 731 24 27, E-mail: mcclella@africaonline.co.ke
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are associated with increased shedding of HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA in genital tract secretions. The objective of this study was to determine whether shedding of HIV-1 DNA in cervical secretions decreases after successful treatment of cervicitis. Methods: A prospective
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB113)
De Souza R, Gomez-Marin O, Hutto C, Scott G, Guasti S, Mitchell C; R. De Souza, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Os 18 do Forte 1560, 401, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95020-471, Brazil, Tel.: +55 542 234 998, Fax: +55 542 231 528, E-mail: salubrit@zaz.com.br
Background: To describe the clinical and immunologic characteristics and survival of HIV-1 infected children >6 yrs. old once their CD4+ counts reach >100 cells/mm3. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records of HIV-1 infected children followed at the University of Miami through July, 1997
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB114)
Biggar R, Frisch M, Goedert J; R. Biggar, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS/8003, MSC 7248, Rockville, MD 20852, United States, Tel.: +1 301 496 81 15, Fax: +1 301 402 08 17, E-mail: biggarb@exchange.nih.gov
Background: Most studies of cancers associated with AIDS in children are based on case series, which may be biased by referral. We examined population-based records to determine the risk of pediatric AIDS-associated cancers. Methods: Using records from 11 locations in the United States , we linked records of childr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB115)
Kamelan-Tano Y, Boni-Ouattara E, Ekpini ER, Sibailly TS, Adjorlolo Johnson G, Diaby L, Krou-Danho N, Kalou Aziz M, Tossou O;;; Y. Kamelan-Tano, Projet Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'Ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 11, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: tdk1@cdc.gov
Background: 90,000 deliveries occur yearly in Abidjan. With a seroprevalence among pregnant women of 13.8% (1998), a mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of >25%, approximately 3,000 new pediatric infections occur yearly. Few data exist on the clinical course of HIV infection in children in Africa. Objectives: To desc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB116)
Gaughan D, Gortmaker SL, 3rd Seage GR, Selwyn PA, Oleske JM; D. Gaughan, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave., FXB604, Boston, MA 02115-6017, United States, Tel.: +1 617 432 0146, Fax: +1 617 432 2843, E-mail: Gaughan@sdac.harvard.edu
Background: As new therapies dramatically extend the lives of people with HIV/AIDS, quality of life outcomes are of increasing concern. The prevalence of pain in people with AIDS ranges from 40 percent to 60 percent, depending on stage of illness and research methodology. There is limited research concerning pain in HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB117)
Ruffini DD, Madhi SA, Dahan E, Sherman G, Hayle M; D.D. Ruffini, Wits University, 34 The Braids Road, Emmarentia Ext 2195, Gauteng, South Africa, Tel.: +27-11-4898786, Fax: +27-11-4898692, E-mail: donnapaed@yahoo.com
Background: The incidence of PCP in African HIV infected children is unknown and diagnostic methods are highly invasive and costly. Objectives: To determine the value of induced sputum (IS) and/or nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA) in identifying PC in HIV infected children admitted with clinically severe pneumonia using
Background: The vertical transmission rate of HIV has been dramatically reduced with the use of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy and delivery. However, although the children are rarely HIV-infected, they have been exposed to viral proteins in utero. This study was designed to evaluate immunological and hematol
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB119)
Wong M, Fisher E, Thompson-Bodkins C, Mercier B, Kaplowitz L; M. Wong, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, 330 Brookline Ave, Kennedy 6, Boston, Mass., 02215 USA, United States, Tel.: +(617) 632-0771, Fax: +(617) 632-0760, E-mail: mwong@caregroup.harvard.edu
Background: HIV care provided in inner-city hospitals in the US is largely uncompensated; the impact of this care is not well delineated. Methods: Retrospective review of hospital service and billing data, and the MCV HIV Clinic computerized clinical database from 1 Jan 1995- 30 Dec 1998. Groups compared were those who
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB120)
Harley B; B. Harley, South Peninsula Municipality, 12 Pinewood Road, Newlands, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 674 1827, Fax: +27 21 674 1827, E-mail: bharley@mweb.co.za
Issues: The HIV epidemic has sparked off new fields for specialisation and research. However, in many ways, the primary health care workers have been left behind. In Cape Town the impact of the epidemic has become too great for the specialist hospital clinics to continue to cope with, but the training and protocols fo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB121)
Asuncion H, Federico P, Jose M. P, Juan C. A, Juan GG, Rafael R; H. Asuncion, Universidad Europea de Madrid, c/ Islas Virgenes 14, 28909 Getafe Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 684 87 21, Fax: +34 91 390 86 14, E-mail: fpulido@jazzcyber.com
Background: Day care units have become an usual way of medical care for aids patients. However, their influence on the incidence of hospital admissions has not been evaluated. Methods: Observational and longitudinal study of a cohort of 308 patients with aids diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 and followed-up to June 1996
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB122)
Vasconcelos A, Santos CE, Veloso VG, Vitoria M, Cunha CS, Chequer P; A. Vasconcelos, Brazilian Std/AIDS Program - Moh, Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bl. G - Sobreloja, 70.058-900 - Brasilia - DF, Brazil, Tel.: +55 61 315 2140, Fax: +55 61 3152 519, E-mail: aids@aids.gov.br
Issue: The Brazilian MoH alternative care programme for patients with HIV/AIDS has as its major objective the implementation of high quality care and access to care, by means of specialised HIV/AIDS out-patient, hospital day-care, and home-based care services as alternatives to the traditional treatment of HIV infected
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB123)
Panthawit S; S. Panthawit, Bang Kruai District Hospital, 311 Latphrao Road, Soi 101, Bangkok 10240, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 357 6491, Fax: +66 2 374 9835, E-mail: msfbthai@asianet.co.th
Issues: HIV/AIDS care in Community Hospitals in developing countries is limited by budget and ability to investigate some opportunistic infections. Patients and their families have to seek for care to bigger and more distant hospitals. The difficulty and cost of transportation is many times more expensive than the trea
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB124)
Sescon JN, Rivera A, Ortega NL; J.N.M. Sescon, Remedios AIDS Foundation, 1066 Remedios Street Malate 1004, Manila, Philippines, Tel.: +632 524 0924, Fax: +632 522 3431, E-mail: josescon@pacific.net.ph
Background: Prevention through education, this is the guiding principle of the Remedios AIDS Foundation (RAF), a Philippine NGO, that has been working for nine years on HIV/AIDS preventive efforts. Since the first case of HIV in 1984, program interventions conducted by both government and nongovernment agencies have w
Background: Vertically HIV-1 infection is a typical model of primary infection (PHI). Several studies indicated that during PHI, high perturbations occur in CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing distinct Vb-genes and that their persistence is related to distinct clinical progression. The objective of this study is to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB176)
Rubini NP, Leal DW, Silva EM, Baptista MA, Souza SM, Ribeiro LC, Milczanowski SF, Sion FS, Morais-de-Sb CA; N.P.N. Rubini, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leite Leal, 135 / Bl 1 / Apto. 505, Laranjeiras - Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22240-100, Brazil, Tel.: +55-21-205 4000, Fax: +55-21-225 2061, E-mail: rubini@montreal.com.br
Background: The morphologic and metabolic changes associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been amply investigated in adults. Nonetheless, the same data in children and adolescents are very limited. This study investigated the prevalence of lipodistrophy and serum lipid changes in children and adolescents in us
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB177)
Violari A, Saez - Llorens X, Bernstein B, Xu Y, Deetz C, Gomez P, Handelsman E, Pelton S, Cahn P; A. Violari, Chris Hani Bargwanath Hospital POBox 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +271 193 839 84, Fax: +271 193 839 73, E-mail: phru@pixie.co.za
Background: ABT-378/r has demonstrated activity in adult antiretroviral naive (96% >50 c/ml on treatment at 72 Weeks) and protease inhibitor (PI) experienced subjects (76% >50 c/ml on treatment at Week 48). Methods: M98-940 is a Phase I/II, open-label study of coformulated ABT-378/r (liquid) in 100 HIV-infected antiret
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB178)
Avila Figueroa C; C. Avila Figueroa, HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO, DR. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, PO Box 06720, Mexico, Tel.: +52 5588 7149, Fax: +52 5588 7149, E-mail: avilaf@infosel.net.mx
Analysis is presented for 21 HIV-infected children treated for 9 months with an antiretroviral (ARV) combination including ddI + d4T plus Hydroxyurea (30mg/kg/day). The data is part of an ongoing open-label randomized trial to compare the efficacy and safety o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB179)
Doerholt K, Sharland M, Ball C, Du Mont G; K. Doerholt, St George's Hospital, Paed Inf Dis Unit, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 181 725 3262, Fax: +44 181 725 3262, E-mail: m.sharland@sghms.ac.uk
Introduction: - No audit data is currently available in children to demonstrate the impact of combination ART on standard outcome measures outside clinical trials. The collaborative group PHILS-NET (Paediatric HIV In London South Network)cohort database was used to audit ART use and outcome variables. Methods: - 110 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB180)
Shannon M, Canales J, Dahud S; M. Shannon, University of California, San Francisco, Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center, San Francisco General Hospital, Box 0110, NH 6D4, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, Tel.: +1 415 661 49 49, Fax: +1 415 661 90 45, E-mail: shannon@itsa.ucsf.edu
Issues: Perinatal care for HIV infected women requires complex management of pregnancy, maternal and fetal health. Since 1989, the Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center has provided care to HIV-infected pregnant women, perinatally exposed infants, research access, and counseling /testing of family members in a service model
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB181)
Kapere S, Wandela M, Katamujuna E, Nanono S, Sendi E, Kulume R; S. Kapere, PO Box 11485, Kampala 041, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 530 034, Fax: +256 41 541 999, E-mail: tasomul@infocom.co.ug
Issues: As the administration of protease inhibitors to HIV/TB co-infected patients is probematic due to drug interactions with rifampin; it is important for HIV/AIDS clinics to identify TB cases and ensure that patients are properly treated. Project: From 1998-1999, 75 clients co-infected with HIV/TB were followed in
Background: Currently India is the country having the highest number of HIV +ve cases with 3.5 million people as estimated by UNAIDS . In India, Manipur is having the highest sero-prevalance rate with nearly 143 HIV +ve cases per 1000. Due to the inadequate resources and health care infrastructure in the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB183)
Ferris M, Calles N, Simon C, Schwarzwald H, Hockenberry-Eaton M, Kline M; M. Ferris, Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, MC 1-4000, Houston, Texas 77030-2399, United States, Tel.: +1 713 770 1066, Fax: +1 713 770 1281, E-mail: mgferris@texaschildrenshospital.org
Issues: Many challenges exist to overcoming the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa. These include limited financial resources, a multitude of other health priorities in these countries, and lack of appropriately trained and skilled health professionals. Nurses typically provide most of the basic health care se
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB184)
Uhagaze B, Sebaganji M, Rieger-Ndakorerwa G, Rahlenbeck S; B. Uhagaze, PO Box 3228, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel.: +250 640 65 / 8 513 884, Fax: +250 640 65, E-mail: buhagaze@yahoo.fr
Background: The HIV-prevalence in Rwanda has risen dramatically over recent years; it was reportedly 11% in the general population in 1998. In 1999, AIDS-clubs have been then started in secondary, schools. The study was undertaken to evaluate the programs and to provide information for future AIDS educational measures.
Issues: Although nosocomial transmission is not documented in most developing countries, this mode of transmission is obviously significant, given the working conditions in most settings and the resources available in the hospitals to enhance prevention. Therefore, the health care provider in this setting is highly ex
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB232)
Chirenje ZM, Loeb L, Mwale M, Masona D, Khumalo-Sakutukwa GN, Padian N; Z M. Chirenje, UZ-UCSF Collaborative Research Programme, 15 Phillips, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe, Tel.: +263.4.704 890, Fax: +263.4.704 897, E-mail: liseouz-ucsf.co.zw
Background: Cervical neoplasia occurs with increased frequency among HIV positive women. With the current Zimbabwean HIV epidemic, a large portion of HIV infected women could be harboring cervical precancer cells which are known to have a rapid progression to invasive cancer. Zimbabwean women have one of the highest re
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB233)
Boni-Ouattara E, Adjorlolo-Johnson G, Anhoux A, Toure-Coulibaly K, Kone M, Unger E, Honde M, Vernon S, Greenberg A; E. Boni-Ouattara, Project Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 11, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: ehb8@cdc.gov
Objectives: To evaluate the association between HIV infection and cervical cancer and to compare characteristics of HIV-infected and uninfected women with cervical cancer. Methods: From 4/1997 to 10/1999, consenting women presenting with cervical lesions at the gynecology and oncology services of two university hospita
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB234)
De Vuyst H, Claeys P, Njirv S, Bwayo J, Temmerman M; H. De Vuyst, University of Nairobi, Microbiology, PO Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 751 751, Fax: +254 2 726 626, E-mail: hdvuyst@iconnect.co.ke
Background: The association between HIV and cervical dysplasia is well documented in Western countries. Data for developing countries, however, are scarce and sometimes conflicting. As part of an ongoing study on diagnostic methods for STDs and cervical dysplasia (CeDys) in a family planning clinic (FPC), we examined t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB235)
Hankins C, Coutlee F, Girard M, Pourreaux K, Lapointe N; C. Hankins, Montreal Regional Public Health Dpt, 1301 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, (Quebec), Canada, Tel.: +1 514 528 2400, Fax: +1 514 528 2452
Background: To assess factors associated with persistence of HPV infection among HIV+ and HIV- women participating in the Canadian Womens HIV Study. Methods: 108 HPV+ HIV+ asymptomatic women aged 15-44 years without dysplasia and 71 HPV+ HIV- controls were tested using a tampon or cervical vaginal lavage specimen for
Objective: To assess the trends in invasive cervical cancer (CCA) as an AIDS-defining condition. Methods: We analyzed the AIDS surveillance data from Europe (reported by 15 countries of the WHO-European region) and the USA (excludes cases diagnosed based solely on immunologic criteria), among women aged 15 years or old
Background: HIV+ women have demonstrated increased recurrence rates after treatment for cervical dysplasia(CD). This study evaluates CD recurrence rates after excisional cervical treatment, with stratification by CD4 count, viral load, and pathology results. Methods: Retrospective review of HIV+ women between 1995 and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC125)
Kiwanuka N, Wawer MJ, Serwadda D, Kiddugavu MG, Nalugoda FK, Lutalo T, Sewankambo NK, Wabwire - Mangen F, Gray RH; N. Kiwanuka, Rakai Project Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 413 217 00, Fax: +256 413 202 76, E-mail: nkiwanuka@infocom.co.ug
Objective: To assess community knowledge and attitudes to HIV vaccine in preparation for community-based HIV vaccine trials. Design: Population-based cohort. Methods: During the initial visit (April-Dec., 1999) of Community HIV Epidemiological Research in Rakai, Uganda , all consenting adults 15-49 years resident in 5
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC126)
Barth-Jones D, Chick S, Adams A, Koopman J; D. Barth-Jones, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Center for Healthcare Effectiveness Research, 121 Shiffman Medical Library, 4325 Brush, Detroit, MI, USA 48201, United States, Tel.: +1 313 577 8387, Fax: +1 313 577 1773, E-mail: barthjon@umich.edu
Background: It is of considerable importance that HIV vaccine trials be designed to measure vaccine effects (VE) on both susceptibility and infectiousness, so as to determine the full impact that vaccination could have on the basic reproduction number (Ro) of the HIV epidemic. This will be particularly important when v
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC127)
Forsythe S, Arthur G, Mutemi R, Gilks C; StevenForsythe, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 151 928 02 17, Fax: +44 151 707 91 93, E-mail: forsythe@liv.ac.uk
Background: When an AIDS vaccine becomes available, its affordability is likely to be a critical component to its acceptance by individuals, national governments and international donors in developing countries. This study was designed to determine the economic value that individuals place on a hypothetical vaccine an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC128)
Baeten J, Richardson B, Martin H, Nyange P, Lavreys L, Ngugi E, Mandaliya K, Bwayo J, Kreiss J; J. Baeten, University of Washington, PO Box 91276, Mombasa, Kenya, Tel.: +254 11 226 249, Fax: +254 11 474 055, E-mail: jbaeten@u.washington.edu
Background: In designing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials, it will be important to account for changes in HIV-1 incidence, especially changes over time and while participating in risk-reduction programs. Methods: Data from an open cohort of female prostitutes in Mombasa, Kenya were analyzed. Individuals were censored afte
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC129)
Latka M, French P, Latka M, Gollub E, Rogers C, Stein Z; M. Latka, New York Academy of Medicine, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, 1216 Fifth Avenue, Room 556, New York, New York 10025, United States, Tel.: 212-822-7284, Fax: 212-876-6220, E-mail: mlatka@nyam.org
Background:Only two clinical studies to date have evaluated the effectiveness the female condom in preventing sexually transmitted disease (STD). We compared the use-effectiveness of the female condom with the male condom in preventing four STDs. Methods:During a 12-month period all women attending Philadelphia s main
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC130)
Jivasak-Apimas S, Saba J, Chandelying V, Sakondhavat C, Kiriwat O, Rugpao S, Rojanapythayakorn W, Fontanet A; S. Jivasak-Apimas, P O Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, Thailand, E-mail: afontanet@gggd.amsterdam.nl
Background: The female condoms may offer an effective and self-controlled protection against HIV and STDs. Its acceptability was evaluated among sex workers in Thailand . Methods: As part of a trial evaluating the efficacy of a strategy combining male and female condoms in prevention of STDs among sex workers in Thail
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC131)
Marseille E, Kahn JG, Billinghurst K, Saba J; E. Marseille, Health Strategies International, 2 Madrone Place, Orinda, CA 94563, United States, Tel.: +1 925 254 5379, Fax: +1 800 683 3442, E-mail: emarseille@home.com
Background: Though apparently as effective as male condoms (MCs) , female condoms (FCs) are more expensive. Under what circumstances, if any, can this additional cost be justified? We assessed the cost-effectiveness of the FC in preventing HIV infection and other STDs among commercial sex workers (CSWs), and their clie
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC132)
Mobley S, Fisher A, Rutenberg N; S. Mobley, Population Council/Horizons, 4301 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008, United States, Tel.: +202 237 9400, Fax: +202 237 8410, E-mail: smobley@pcdc.org
Background: The Population Council s Horizons Project, in collaboration with Population Services International/ Zimbabwe , surveyed female condom users and nonusers of either male or female condoms in several urban areas of Zimbabwe. The major objectives were to identify the barriers and enabling factors affecting the
Background: HIV/AIDS/STI epidemic is increasing among women in Brazil , however this fact is not followed by relevant adoption of prevention practices. Epidemiologic data shows an important need to increase HIV/AIDS/STI prevent programs targeting women. In 98/99 the Brazilian Health Ministry implemented a large researc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC134)
Warren M;;; M. Warren, Female Health Foundation, One Sovereign Park, Coronation Road, London NW10 7QP, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 690 72 42, Fax: +44 171 503 64 38, E-mail: mitchellwarren@compuserve.com
Issues: Since 1996, through an agreement between The Female Health Company (FHC) and UNAIDS , The Female Condom has been made available in over 35 developing countries. Demand continues to increase, and various lessons have been learned from existing activities. Numerous operational issues need to be considered and in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC186)
Kalou-Badirou M, Nkengasong J, Sassan - Morokro M, Bile C, Abouya L, Ackah A, Maurice C, Coulibaly D, Roels TH, Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ; M. Kalou-Badirou, Projet Retro - CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 2 125 4111, Fax: +225 2 124 2969, E-mail: cfk3@cdc.gov
Objectives: To compare plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL), CD4+ T-cell counts and immune activation markers in HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients at the start of and 11 months after initiation of TB treatment. Methods: Plasma specimens obtained at the start of and 11 months after the initiation of TB treatment were
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC187)
Sonnenberg P, Murray J, Shearer S, Glynn J, Kambashi B, Godfrey Faussett P; P. Sonnenberg, LSHTM, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 181 340 0626, E-mail: p.sonnenberg@lshtm.ac.uk
Background: Rates of recurrent tuberculosis (TB), the proportion of recurrent cases attributable to relapse or reinfection and risk factors associated with these mechanisms, may be influenced by the risk of tuberculous infection and the prevalence of HIV infection. Methods: We followed a cohort of South African gold
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC188)
Day JH, Grant AD, Charalambous S, Moloi V, Roux S, Piorkowski A, Nhiwatiwa R, Hayes RJ, Churchyard GJ; J.H. Day, Aurum Health Research, PO Box 87, Welkom, 9460, South Africa, Tel.: +27 57 900 4398, Fax: +27 57 900 4568, E-mail: jday@aghs.co.za
Background: The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of symptom screening and simple investigations in identifying active tuberculosis (TB) prior to starting TB preventive therapy among HIV-infected gold miners in South Africa . Methods: HIV-infected mineworkers were scree
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC189)
Shandera W; W. Shandera, Baylor College of Medicine - BTGH, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States, Tel.: +1 713 793 3560, Fax: +1 713 798 6400, E-mail: shandera@bcm.tmc.edu
Background: The current status of tuberculosis (TB) policies among African nations is poorly understood, despite over million deaths from TB annually among 20+ million with AIDS. Methods: To increase knowledge about African TB policies, we surveyed in 1998/9 all African nations re TB/AIDS case loads for 1996/7, ascert
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC190)
Garcia-Garcia ML, Eugenia Jimenez-Corona Ma, Ponce de Leon A, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Jimenez-Corona A, Valdespino-Gomez JL, Small P; M. L. Garcia-Garcia, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655,, Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, CP 62508, Mexico, Tel.: +52 73 175 529, Fax: +52 73 175 529, E-mail: garcigar@insp3.insp.mx
Objective: To determine risk factors associated to mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis patients Methods: Since March, 1995 all persons in the Orizaba Health Jurisdiction (comprised of 134 square miles and 238,000 residents) with a cough persisting greater than 3 weeks have been evaluated with sputum microscopy.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC191)
Campsmith M, Nakashima AK, Fleming PL, Burgess DA; M. Campsmith, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 51 74, Fax: +1 404 639 29 80, E-mail: mgc4@cdc.gov
Background: Persons with HIV are at higher risk for tuberculosis (TB); co-infection can affect the clinical outcomes of both diseases. In 1989, the U.S. Advisory Committee for the Elimination of Tuberculosis recommended that all persons infected with HIV be tested for TB, with appropriate therapy for those having a po
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC192)
Buve A, Auvert B, Lagarde E, Kahindo M, Hayes R, Carael M; A. Buve, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium, Tel.: +32 3 247 6533, Fax: +32 3 247 6532, E-mail: abuve@itg.be
Background: Results from several studies conducted since 1989 suggest that there may be an association between male circumcision (MC) and spread of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of MC in explaining the heterogeneity of HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC193)
Gray R, Wawer MJ, Sewakambo NK, Serwadda D, Kiwanuka N, Wabwire Mangen F, Li C, Lutalo T, Quinn TC; R. Gray, Johns Hopkins University shcool, 615 n wolfe st. #w 4030, Baltimore md 21 205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 78 18, Fax: +1 410 614 73 86, E-mail: rgray@jhsph.edu
Background: Male circumcision may reduce HIV acquisition and might provide a means of HIV prevention. Methods: HIV acquisition was determined in a representative community cohort of 5,507 HIV-negative Ugandan men. Male HIV acquisition was also assessed in 187 HIV-negative males in discordant relationships with HIV-posi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC194)
Serwadda D, Gray R, Kiwanuka N, Sewnkambo N, Kelly R, Wawer M; D. Serwadda, Makerere University, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 415 300 09, Fax: +256 415 450 01, E-mail: dserwada@imul.com
Background: Male circumcision has been proposed for HIV prevention. We estimate the potential impact of circumcision on male HIV acquisition. Methods: A cohort of 5,507 HIV- men were followed for 10,321 person years (py). HIV incidence per 100 py was determined in relation to circumcision status, sociodemographic and b
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC195)
Taljaard R, Taljaard D, Auvert B, Neilssen G; R. Taljaard, Mothusimpilo, CSIR., PO Box 91230, Auckland park 2006, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 358 0360, Fax: +27 11 482 3267, E-mail: dtaljaard@csir.co.za
Issues There is increasing evidence linking male circumcision to reductions in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. This paper describes some of the complex social factors underlying the practice of male circumcision in the Carletonville community. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be presented
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC196)
Bailey R, Muga R, Poulussen R; R. Bailey, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, 2121 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Tel.: +1 312 355 04 40, Fax: +1 312 996 00 64, E-mail: rcbailey@uic.edu
Background: As part of baseline for a trial intervention introducing male circumcision (MC) services in Nyanza Province where MC is not traditionally practiced, acceptabilty of MC was accessed in the intervention district and a control district. Also assessed was clinician experience with safe MC procedures, knowledge
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC238)
Deschamps M, Grand-Pierre R, Mellon R, Pape JW; M. Deschamps, Les Centres GHESKIO, 33, Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Tel.: +509 222 2241, 509 222 0031, Fax: +509 223 90 44, E-mail: mariehd@gheskio.org
Background: The majority of HIV infected children acquire the infection through their infected mother; as a result a large number of infected children live in countries which do not have structure to accommodate them; therefore our primary objective have been: 1) to limit the number of infected orphans through Family P
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC239)
Hammett T, Lindegren ML, Byers R, Wortley P, Bi D; T. Hammett, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 2050, Fax: +1 404 639 2980, E-mail: tah5@cdc.gov
Objective: To describe the course of perinatal HIV epidemic in the U.S., assess the impact of maternal and neonatal ZDV use, and missed opportunities to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Methods: We analyzed 1) national perinatally acquired (PA) AIDS data reported by 9/99, adjusting for reporting delays and no report
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC240)
Thorne C; C. Thorne, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 207 905 21 05, Fax: +44 207 813 81 45, E-mail: c.thorne@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Background: It is unclear how the vertical transmission (VT) rate in Europe will be affected by the combination of the changing characteristics of HIV-infected women becoming pregnant and the extent of interventions to reduce VT, as these could have opposing effects on mother-to-child transmission. Methods: Analysis of
Background: The mechanism by which interventions such as zidovudine (ZDV) or cesarean section (C-S) delivery reduce perinatal transmission risk are not fully known. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of short antenatal ZDV (36 weeks gestation until delivery) in Bangkok, we used a bulb syringe to colle
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC242)
Wabwire-Mangen F, Gray RH, Wawer M, Kigozi G, Sewankambo MK, Serwadda D, Lutalo T, Meehan M, Chuanjun L; F. Wabwire-Mangen, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 532 207, Fax: +256 41 531 807, E-mail: fwabwire@imul.com
Background: A randomized trial of STD control for HIV prevention, was designed to assess the effects of STD control during pregnancy on maternal-infant STDs, MTCT, maternal HIV acquisition and birth outcomes. Methods: Ten community clusters were randomized, 5 to an STD intervention (STD mass treatment), and 5 to a cont
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC243)
Bulterys M, Cohen M, Maupin R, Nesheim S, O'Sullivan MJ, Webber M, Lampe M, Fowler MG; M. Bulterys, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 49 80, Fax: +1 404 639 61 27, E-mail: zbe2@cdc.gov
Issues: Most HIV-infected pregnant women in the United States (US) use hospitals for delivery, providing a crucial opportunity for systematic screening and intervention when indicated. In some parts of the US, more infants might be spared HIV infection if the benefits of intrapartum/neonatal antiretroviral therapy (ART
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC244)
Basajja V, Kamali A, Kinsman J, Whitworth J; V. Basajja, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 042, Fax: +256 41 321 137, E-mail: mrc@starcom.co.ug
Issue: Can social marketing effectively increase condom availability and accessibility in a rural Ugandan population with high HIV prevalence? Description: In preparation for a large community-based HIV intervention trial in Masaka, Uganda, a baseline needs assessment was conducted in 1994. Condoms were available in on
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC245)
Alary M, Lowndes CM, Gnintoungbe CA, Bedard E, Jossou P, Mukenge L, Lafia E, Anagonou S; M. Alary, Epidemiology Research Group, Hopital du St-Sacrement du CHA, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1S 4L8, Canada, Tel.: +1 418 682 73 87, Fax: +1 418 682 79 49, E-mail: malary@gre.ulaval.ca
Background: To investigate factors associated with condom use by male clients of FP in Cotonou, Benin . Methods: 404 male clients of FP were recruited on-site at prostitution venues in Cotonou, and provided a urine sample (for HIV and STD testing) before having sex with a FP. After having sex they underwent a 15-30 mi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC246)
Lutalo T, Kidugavu M, Wawer M, Wabwire Mangen F, Chen M, Serwadda D, Gray R, Sewankambo N; T. Lutalo, Rakai Project Virus Research Inst., PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 279, Fax: +256 41 320 276, E-mail: rpebbe@infocom.co.ug
Objective: To examine the use of male condoms and female controlled family planning methods in relation to self perceived risk of HIV exposure and HIV testing and counseling services. Methods: A prospective population based study of adults aged 15-59 years in 56 villages was conducted between 1994 and 1998. The 1998 da
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC247)
Horne S, Wallace J, Weiner A, Whitten W, Browning L, Canty R; S. Horne, From Our Street With Dignity (FROSTD), 369 Eighth Ave, NYC, NY 10001, United States, Tel.: +1 212 924 3733, Fax: +1 212 924 8086, E-mail: weinerap@idt.net
Introduction: Since 1984, From Our Streets With Dignity (FROSTD) has been providing outreach services, including HIV testing and prevention education to streetwalking prostitutes in New York City. This paper looks at those women who were tested during 1998-1999. Methods: During 1998-1999, 318 women approached the van f
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC248)
Kinzett S; S. Kinzett, John Snow Inc., 1616 North Fort Meyer Drive, Arlington Virginia, 22201, United States, Tel.: +1 703 528 7474, Fax: +1 703 528 7480, E-mail: Steve_kinzett@jsi.com
While there are well-established standards for estimating condom requirements for Family Planning programmes, estimating requirements for HIV/AIDS prevention is much more comple and ambiguous. Recent studies suggest that condoms are used more frequently outside of stable relationships. It can be assumed that the differ
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC249)
Moema S, Neilsen G, Mzaidume Y, Rasego B; S. Moema, Mothusimpilo Outreach Project, Private Bag X2023, Carletonville 2500, South Africa, Tel.: +27 18 788 49 39, Fax: +27 18 787 46 37, E-mail: mpholo@sn.apc.org
Issues: Adults HIV prevalence in the Carletonville mining community is above 20%. A 1998 baseline survey of Carletonville households showed good HIV knowledge including risk factors and prevention strategies. However, perceived risk is low. Of persons with a low perceived risk, 22% are infected with HIV. The baseline s
Issues: In low-prevalence countries or communities preventing a full-scale epidemic is a particular challenge. What actions will be effective in countries that, in addition, are undergoing rapid political, economic and social transitions putting them at a greater, but still unfelt, risk of an increased epidemic? How ca
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD136)
Kippax S, Smith G, Aggleton P; S. Kippax, National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Tel.: +61 2 9385 6799/ 6776, Fax: +61 2 9385 6700, E-mail: s.kippax@unsw.edu.au
Issues: While there has been much research on the impact of sex education on young people s sexual behaviour, very little is known about the manner in which school-based education has responded to HIV and AIDS. Description: This UNAIDS funded study documents the policies and practices of primary and secondary school HI
Issues: Traditional education has been a student passively receiving input from a teacher. Residents of Blantyre, Malawi have been the recipients of a lot of such AIDS education from health experts, leaflets and radio messages. Blantyre Christian Centre (BCC) initiated community discussion groups, and given women a ch
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD138)
Emrick C, Strauss R, Van Der Horst C; C. Emrick, UNC School of Dentistry, Dept. of Dental Ecology, PO Box 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, United States, Tel.: +1 919 966 2788, Fax: +1 919 966 6761, E-mail: ron_strauss@unc.edu
Issues: The literature on the impact of AIDS education finds that knowledge and attitude change occurs with educational programs, however few programs have been developed for universities. Reports have defined gaps in university student HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. Description: A large campus-wide, interdiscipl
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD139)
Aryeetey J; J. Aryeetey, Legon hall aa202 university of Ghana legon, 00 233 021 Accra, Ghana, Tel.: +233 021 776 111, E-mail: interface@ghana.com
Background: Students of the tertiary institutions in Ghana often lead a high risk behaviour because they are independent young adults. Based on this, Students against AIDS (STAIDS) was formed as a group to promote safer sex behaviour through outreach activities. Objectives: - To provide students with current and accura
Objective: Prevention of the infection. Reducing personnal and social impact of HIV infection. Promoting respect for human rights in a frame of solidarity with the seropositive person and his family. Design and Method: Educative activities promoting the objective according to the actual possibilities and limitations re
Issues: The majority of Zambian youth (75%) are sexually active by the age of 19. Many have sex by the age of 14 - 71% of boys and 34% of girls (UNICEF). HIV/AIDS prevalence is very high among young people (Estimated 20% urban and 13% in rural areas (Zambia Sexual Behavior Survey 1998). In 1999, the government challeng
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD142)
Mirembe R;;; R. Mirembe, Kings College Budo, PO Box 7121, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +25 604 127 3993
Issues: This paper draws from a six year old school-based programme which through Action Research has attempted to address one social aspect of AIDS namely power relations in schooling children and the culturally marginalised groups of women and non-schooling youngsters. It gives stages in Action research which led to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD143)
Hermans I, Munyurangabo T, Ntaganira I, Rusimbi J; I. Hermans, B.P. 445 KIGALI RWANDA, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel.: +(250) 769 060 830 19 98, Fax: +(250) 76263, E-mail: Ivan.hermans@undp.org
Issues: Rwanda youth are part of a society suffering from post-genocide trauma. Most of them have seen or underwent extreme violence before and during the 94 genocide. 4.2% of Rwanda youth 12-14 and 8,5% of rural 15-19 are infected with HIV/AIDS. Only 50% is in primary schools and only 12% of those in secondary schools
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD144)
Haddad I, Mesquita F, Bueno R, Araujo P, Turienzo G, Piconez D; I. Haddad, Health Secretariat of Sao Vicente, Av Campos Sales, 59, Santos - SP, 11013.401, Brazil, Tel.: 55.13.2354842, Fax: 55.13.2342576, E-mail: iepasede@atribuna.com.br
Issue: Community enrollment on research is a desirable approach to achieve both the necessities of the researchers as well as the best interests of the community. Far from the classical academic approach, the central idea is that community can have a key role complementing the knowledge from the expertise. Description:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD145)
Roberts G, Taveras S, Kimbrough L, Davis-Satterla L; G. Roberts, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop E-58, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 630 52 37, Fax: +1 404 639 52 58, E-mail: gwr2@cdc.gov
Issues: African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS. African Americans represent an estimated 12% of the total U.S. population and represent 37% of all U.S. AIDS cases reported through December 1998. Leaders seeking to build stronger communities, therefore, have to turn their attention to the thre
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD146)
Matovu S, Ekideit HA, Chimulwa TN, Sendi EK; S. Matovu, The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Mulago Near Heart Institute, POBox 114 85, Kampala -041 11485, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 530 034, Fax: +256 41 541 999, E-mail: tasomul@infocom.co.ug
Issue: Uganda is one of the countries which has adopted an open policy on HIV/AIDS awareness. However rural communties have not been fully empowered to provide AIDS care and prevention. According to the 1999 HIV/AIDS surveillance report, Data indicates a declining trend in major urban sentinel sites while an increasing
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD147)
Jafar A, Khan S; A. Jafar, Bharosa, 21/6/5 Peerpur House 8, Tilak Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India, Tel.: +91 522 208 689, Fax: +91 522 271 760, E-mail: abhayindia@hotmail.com
Issues: In India , amongst males who have sex with males, a significant number are self-identified kotis. These males have a feminine identification and are usually (but not only) accessed by other males to be penetrated orally or anally. They can usually be seen in a variety of public sex environments, using their fe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD148)
Soskolne V, Entz A, Prachuabmoh-Ruffolo V, van Griensven GJ; V. Soskolne, Hadassah Medical Organization, POB 12000, Jerusalem, il-91120, Israel, Tel.: 972-2-677 7879, Fax: 9722-643 9730, E-mail: varda@vms.huji.ac.il
Background: Migrant populations are at higher risk for HIV infection. HIV-related risk behaviors (STD care, tattoo, drug use, sexual behavior) among fishermen in Thailand are described. Occupational and psychosocial factors associated with condom use were examined. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of fishermen working
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD149)
Kelly K; K. Kelly, Rhodes University, Psychology Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, Tel.: +(046) 603 85 00, Fax: +(046) 622 40 32, E-mail: kelly@imaginet.co.za
Issues: In developed HIV/AIDS epidemics greater attention should be focussed on contextual factors that influence risk to HIV infection. In addition, contextual factors influence broader community response to the epidemic, and particularly the increasing need to deal with issues of care and support. Understanding of i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD150)
Hor BL, Gorbach P, Sopheab H, Ly PS, Mun PK; B. L. Hor, National centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology & STDs, 170 Sihanouk Boulevard, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Tel.: (+855-23) 722 515, Fax: (+855 23) 722 515, E-mail: lhor@bigpond.com,kh
Background: The Cambodian National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD annually conducted a Behavioral Surveillance Survey from 1997-99 with sentinel groups to track behaviors contributing to the spread of STD/HIV. Changes in consistent condom use in recent commercial sex and factors affecting individuals condom u
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD151)
Go V, Quan VM, Zenilman J, Chung A, Hanh VT, Tam T, Celentano DD; V. Go, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 662 7335, Fax: +1 410 955 1836, E-mail: vgo@jhsph.edu
Background: Early and appropriate treatment for reproductive tract infections (RTIs) can shorten the duration of infectiousness and prevent transmission. The objectives of this study were to determine where women seek treatment for RTI symptoms and to identify barriers to care in northern Vietnam (VN). Met
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD152)
Pool R, Kabunga E; R. Pool, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 042, Fax: +256 41 321 137, E-mail: mrc@starcom.co.ug
Background: Recent studies report substantial sexual behaviour change in Africa in response to the AIDS epidemic. Generally there seems to be an increase in condom use and a reduction in partners, with men reporting more change than women. However, it is not only important to know whether people are changing, but also
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD197)
Morroni C, Weir S, Coetzee N, Myer L, Boerma JT; C. Morroni, University of Cape Town, Department of Community Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 406 65 04, Fax: +27 21 406 65 35, E-mail: chelsea@anat.uct.ac.za
Background: The identification of locations and patterns of new sexual partner acquisition is essential for HIV prevention programs. This study pilot tested the use of key informants to identify sites where residents go to meet new sexual partners as part of a rapid method to identify high transmission areas (HTAs). Me
Background: The validity of self reported HIV risk behaviors is often questioned, especially among injection drug users (IDUs). No gold standard exists to validate risk behaviors, including needle sharing and sexual behavior. Self reports to interviewer administered questionnaires (IAQs) are often the only practical s
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD199)
Van De Wijgert J, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Nyamapfeni P, Mwale M, Shiboski S, Turner C, Padian N; J. Van De Wijgert, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, United States, Tel.: +1 212 339 0611, Fax: +1 212 755 6052, E-mail: jvandewijgert@popcouncil.org
Background & Methods: We evaluated whether ACASI programs can be adapted for use in sexual behavior research in Zimbabwe . ACASI was tested with women in three educational groups: 1) primary school or less; 2) (some) high school; and 3) college students. During ACASI, the participant reads questions on a laptop scr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD200)
van der Sande M, Paine K, West B, Akum A, McAdam K, Morison L, Walraven G, Shaw M; M. van der Sande, MRC Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, Gambia, Tel.: +220 49 59 16, Fax: +220 49 59 19/65 13, E-mail: mvdsande@mrc.gm
Background: In The Gambia , as in most of West-Africa, estimated HIV prevalence is between 1 and 2%. This level offers a window of opportunity to prevent a full scale epidemic. Over the last years Stepping Stones, a HIV intervention programme, has been adapted to the local situation in a partnership between the governm
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD201)
Mast TC, Kigozi G, Wabwire-Mangen F, Makumbi F, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Black RE, Wu AW; T.C. Mast, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 524 N. Broadway, Rm 117, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 1622, Fax: +1 410 955 2791, E-mail: tmast@jhsph.edu
Background: The MOS-HIV is a brief, comprehensive questionnaire widely used in developed countries to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among HIV-infected persons using ten dimensions of physical and mental health. However, HRQoL methods are rarely applied in resource-limited settings such as Africa. We a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD202)
Luo C, Ndubani P, Bond G, Nyblade L, Field ML, Mwela Ch; P.~Ndubani, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, MTCT Working group office, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, Tel.: C/0 ICRW +260 02 717 0007 x115, Fax: C/O ICRW +260 202 717 0020, E-mail: C/O lnyblade@icrw.org
Issues: Zambia , in addition to several other sub-Saharan countries, is beginning to implement a mother to child transmission of HIV (MTCT) prevention program. Pregnant women offered the MTCT prevention program face complicated and hard decisions about HIV testing, medication during pregnancy, and infant feeding. Thes
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD203)
Chopra M, Schaay N, Piwoz E; M. Chopra, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa, Tel.: +27 219 592 132, Fax: +27 219 592 872, E-mail: mchopra@uwc.ac.za
Background: The Provincial Health Department in the Western Cape is currently providing short-course AZT and infant formula to HIV-positive pregnant women in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban township 25 km outside of Cape Town where about 15% of antenatal women are HIV-positive. The purpose of this study was to learn from w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD204)
Tlou S, Nyblade L, Field ML, Rantona K; S. Tlou, PO Box 1004, Gaborone, Botswana, Tel.: +267 355 2360, Fax: +267 585 096, E-mail: tlous@mopipi.ub.bw
Aim: This presentation describes a section of the findings of a research project on community perspectives and responses to the Botswana Government s programme to reduce transmission of HIV from Mother To Child (MTCT). The project was carried out by the Society for Women and AIDS in Africa, Botswana (SWAABO) in collab
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD205)
Desclaux A, Taverne B, Alfieri C, Querre M, Coulibaly-Traore D, Ky-Zerbo O; A. Desclaux, LEHA, Universite d'Aix-Marseille, 38, ave de l'Europe, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France, Tel.: +33 4 42 95 02 47, Fax: +33 4 42 95 02 47, E-mail: adesclaux@magic.fr
Background: UNICEF/ UNAIDS /WHO have published guidelines in 1998 that define infant feeding options to prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding. To be adopted, these options must be compatible with women s lifestyles, with their perceptions of risks, advantages of breastfeeding and other options, with the percep
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD206)
Chopra M, Piwoz E; M. Chopra, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa, Tel.: +27 021 959 2132, Fax: +27 021 959 2872, E-mail: mchopra@uwc.ac.za
Background: For the previous six months the Provincial Health Department in the Western Cape is currently providing short-course AZT and infant formula to HIV-positive pregnant women in Khayelitsha, South Africa . Presently, all HIV +ve mothers are advised to stop breastfeeding.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD207)
Rantona K, Tlou S, Kidd R, Field ML, Nyblade L, Sentumo S; K. Rantona, SWAABO, PB 00452, Gaborone, 00267, Botswana, Tel.: +267 721 776 03, E-mail: care of mfield@icrw.org
Issues: In the last few years there has been progress in the prevention of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through drug regimens that are affordable in many developing countries.In the face of this progress there are serious barriers and consequences to service utilization,due to stigma,confidentiality issu
Background: Recent studies show that, in many urban settings in developing countries, the biosocial gap is increasing as age at menarche becomes lower and age at marriage rises. This phenomenon means that young people are more likely to engage in pre-marital sexual activity and to be exposed to sexually transmitted dis
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD209)
Mohd Khalib A; A. Mohd Khalib, University of Malaya, 4, Jln 1/9C, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, West Malaysia, Malaysia, Tel.: +60 3 825 06 89, Fax: +60 3 443 94 55, E-mail: azferul@hotmail.com
Issue: The effects of the economic upheaval experienced in Malaysia from 1997-99 were felt among female sex workers receiving RM 30 (USD 8) per client. The results of a minor study carried out in the Bukit Bintang commercial district of Kuala Lumpur among the sex workers of 6 brothels indicate that they were choosing
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD210)
Myer L, Mathews C, Little F; L. Myer, Medical Research CouncilPO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, Tel.: +27 35 550 0158, Fax: +27 35 550 1674, E-mail: landon.myer@mrc.ac.za
Background: As part of a larger study investigating the use and waste of public sector condoms, this research describes the sexual activity and condom use practices of individuals procuring condoms from public sector health facilities across South Africa . Methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken during 1998
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD211)
Suyentna D, Ford K, Wirawan D, Reed B, Partha M, Sutakertya IB, Swastina W, Sedana D, Murtini GA; DSuyentna, Jalan Raya Sestan No. 186, Denpasar 80223, Indonesia, Tel.: +62 361 223 865, Fax: +62 361 223 865, E-mail: ykpdps@denpasar.wasantara.net.id
Introduction: Developing condom negotiation skills is an important part of behavioral intervention programs for sex workers. While sex workers who are involved in interventions often report that they ask their clients to use condoms, data from the clients are usually not available. The objective of this study is to de
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD212)
Zibecchi C, De Bonis A, Accinelli M, Vilas A, Burgos AM; C. Zibecchi, Cabrera 3531 "A", (1186) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4963 4545, Fax: +54 11 4963 4545
Backgound: 90% of B.A. City condom sales occur in kiosks. Our program s goal was to learn the sales modalities and strategies used in city klosks and their relationship to the images kiosk attendants (k.a.) had of condoms. Tools and Method: Agreement with the Univ. of B.A. s Faculty (i.e. school) of Social Sciences and
Compared to other Southeast Asian coutries, the incidence and transmission of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines has been described as low and slow . What is baffling is that condom usage which is supposed to prevent the rapid spread of HIV has been found in a number of behavioral surveillance studies among so-called high ri
Issue: Over two million HIV positive children have been born to HIV positive mothers since the beginning of the epidemic in Uganda . Often these children do not know of their serostatus. There are children whose parents died or are suffering with AIDS. They live under very difficult conditions with trauma and stigma. S
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD251)
Ganafa MN; M. N. Ganafa, PO Box 9964, Kampala 25641, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 290 584, Fax: +256 41 530 412, E-mail: ganafam@yahoo.com
Issues: Predictors of making legal custody plans for children by parents living with HIV/AIDS seeking counselling and medical services in TASO centre. Description: Sociodemographic factors, social support, emotional distress and physical health status were assessed as predictors or custody plans among 243 clients with
Issues: A total of 36 children were bought together from five different branches of the National community of women living with AIDS [Nacwola] in Kampala. The Children ranged from 5-18 years. To determine if their parents disclosure and lack of transparency about their HIV/AIDS affects them. Methodology: Games and Play
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD253)
Adewusi R; R. Adewusi, Youthaid Projects Incorporated, Nigeria, E-mail: youthaid@usa.net
Issue: Information, Education and Communication have been employed universally as vehicles through which interventions on health problems have been provided. However, in Nigeria , Information, Education and Communication on sexual health issues including HIV has many hindrances like religion and culture which makes th
Background: To break the silence of Zambian girl child/parent dialogue on sexuality and Reproductive health which has been treated as taboo in most African culture Zambia in particular. Method: The Zambian Girl child of Kazimva youth Christian community has been attending Anti Aids Club meetings where sensitive issue o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD255)
Baney M, Dalit B, Koegel H, Parham D, Lago M; M. Baney, Saint Vincents Hospital and Medical Center, 153 W. 11th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011, United States, Tel.: +1 212 604 29 43, Fax: +1 212 604 72 81, E-mail: NYPUG@aol.com
Issues: MSM sex workers are an extremely disenfranchised and mistrustful population that place themselves at risk for HIV infection as an occupational hazard. Many are unaware of their HIV status or have chosen not to get tested due to the emotional implications associated with such a test. Significant barriers are in
Issues: Outreach work among hidden populations is a new HIV and STD education and prevention strategy to the Russian Federation. In 1997, the Moscow based, Russian non-governmental organization, AIDS infoshare was the first Russian organization to implement outreach activities targeting female commercial sex workers in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD257)
Essombo J, Zerbo PJ, Kone A, Diomande O, Arkjoumani C; J. Essombo, RSB, 23, Avenue Nogues, 4e Etage, B.P. 6554, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 20 32 10 40, Fax: +225 20 21 80 50, E-mail: ejorsb@africaonline.co.ci
Issues: There was extensive media coverage of the massive presence of minors among professional prostitutes in the mid 1990s. This rejuvenation of the prostitute population was confirmed during assessment of the Prevention among Prostitutes Project (PPP) in 1996. Already at that date, minors (18 or under) were less lik
Background: Previous quantitative studies by the author have indicated a greater vulnerability of gay working class men in Germany in regard to HIV infection and risk behaviour. This study was designed to obtain more detailed information about HIV risk and working class gay men by way of interviews with German working
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD259)
Boushaba A;;; A. Boushaba, ALCS (ASSOCIATION DE LUTTE CONTRE LE SIDA), 17, Boulevard Al Massira Al Khadra, Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco, Tel.: +212 2 99 42 42, Fax: +212 2 99 42 44, E-mail: alcs@casanet.net.ma
Background: Since february 1996, the ALCS ( the Moroccan Assocaiation for Fight against AIDS) held with the support of UNAIDS an action among men sex workers having sex with men in four major cities of Morocco . Methods: Weekly permanences are set up on meetings points by shift workers. Informations about HIV/AIDS , p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD260)
Dockrell MJ, Harding R, Dockrell J, Reeves D; M.J. Dockrell, Gay Men Fighting AIDS, The Eurolink Centre, Effra Rd, London, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 738 6872, Fax: +44 181 356 8235, E-mail: mdockrel@gmfa.demon.co.uk
Background: A gay men s CBO developed 2 interventions adopting a cognitive approach to help men avoid unwanted sexual risk (USR). The effectiveness of each is measured and compared against 7 outcome measures. Methods: 62 gay men with difficulties avoiding USR were recruited and allocated randomly to 3 conditions: Group
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD261)
Namagembe I; I. Namagembe, AIDS Information Centre, PO Box 10446, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 (347 603) / (271 433), Fax: +256 41 251 544, E-mail: aidsinfo@imul.com
Background: The National community of women living with AIDS NACWOLA has been providing service aimed at improving the social well being of women living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda since 1992 todate over 50,000 are register in the organisation. Project: Having realised the difficulties faced by children in affected famili
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD262)
Simwinga E; E. Simwinga, PO Box 32379, UNZA Vet-Hostels BF-08, Lusaka, Zambia, E-mail: emmasims@mailcity.com
Issues: In Zambia like other developing countries, approximately 85 percent of HIV/AIDS infections are sexually transmitted (USAID Report 1998). The sexual orientation however referred to in Zambia is heterosexuality. Therefore, every act of managing and preventing sexually transmitted infections works on the assumptio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD263)
Allen C, McLetchie K, Russell-Brown P, Wagner U, Da Costa-Martinez D, DeGazon-Washington A-M, Chapman-Smith T, Wright M; C. Allen, Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC/PAHO/WHO), 16-18 Jamaica Boulevard, Federation Park, Port of Spain, Trinidad And Tobago, Tel.: +1-868-622-2153, Fax: +1-868-622-9585, E-mail: allencar@carec.paho.org
Background: In Trinidad and Tobago , peak HIV infections are in age groups 20-24 for women and 30-34 for men. In the 15-19 age group, there are 6 times as many infected females as males. Research sought to answer two questions; 1.
Objectives: To assess how often HIV/AIDS talks are involved into household conversations in the one hand, and aqually to assess of what interest HIV-screening is to couples. Methods: In order to assess the impact of counselling about HIV-screening among seropositive couples, a questionnaire was made available to all co
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD265)
Dalrymple L, Zulu L, Dludla J; L. Dalrymple, Dram Aide, Private Bag x 1001, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: (0357) 929-131, Fax: (0357) 929-140, E-mail: lynndal@iafrica.com
Issues: In South Africa there is a culture of silence and fear around HIV/AIDS. Individuals refrain from disclosing their HIV status because of fear of rejection and isolation in their communities. The stigma attached to HIV/AIDS undermines processes of healing for family members, and undermines community response to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD266)
Karoye F; F. Karoye, Wamata, Dar-Es-Salaam Branch, PO Box 33279, Regent Street 50, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tel.: +255 51 461 181, Fax: +255 51 115 823, E-mail: swaat@muchs.ac.tz
Issues: I am talking about a seven-years experience as a Person living with HIV/AIDS, Activist, Ambassador of Hope through NAP+, Chairman of WAMATA Dar-Brach, Volunteer Counsellor Care giver on HIV/AIDS since 13th October, 19992 when I was diagnosed as HIV positive. In 1994 with support from Family Health International
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE153)
Ngwena C; C. Ngwena, PO Box 380, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Tel.: +27 51 505 13 87, Fax: +27 51 505 14 22, E-mail: ngwenac@opv.uovs.ac.za
Issues: Recruits to the South African National Defence Force are required to undergo HIV testing with a positive status constituting a disqualifying factor. The legality of such testing has yet to be challenged in court. South Africa has a liberal constitution which, among other provisions, provides for equality, and o
Issues: Informed consent and confidentiality with regards to HIV serostatus are generally regarded as fundamental principles of HIV/AIDS testing, counseling and care. However, the actual clinical application of these principles varies considerably across cultures. In India , the patient may be t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE155)
Stoltz L; L. Stoltz, Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 484 McGill Street, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, H2Y 2H2, Canada, Tel.: +1 514 397 6828, Fax: +1 514 397 8570, E-mail: lstoltz@goodmancarr.com
Issues: In 1998, the US Institute of Medicine s Committee on Perinatal Transmission of HIV recommended that the US adopt a national policy of universal testing, with patient notification, as a routine component of prenatal care . The recommendation is controversial in its abandonment of informed consent as a necessary
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE156)
Faucher J-M; J-M. Faucher, National AIDS Council, 25/27 rue d'Astorg, 75008 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 4456 3850, Fax: +33 1 4456 3890, E-mail: CNS-CONSEIL@sante.gouv.fr
Issues: In France , public social insurance covers the costs of the treatments of HIV-related illnesses. But most of other insurance problems (invalidity, death, alternative sources of income in case of long-term illness) rest on private insurance. For people living with HIV/AIDS, any personal insurance is deemed by i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE157)
Ramaiah A; A. Ramaiah, #57 Across Devegowda Layout Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India, Tel.: +918 063 401 91, Fax: +918 066 481 19, E-mail: etsri@hotmail.com
Issues: Indian women have been a discriminated and neglected community. In the light of this scenario HIV positive women have been stigmatised and isolated, to tackle this problem a network for HIV positive women was established. Description: The network was established to tackle the myriad of problems faced by HIV pos
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE158)
Kinghorn A, Floyd L; A. Kinghorn, Abt Associates Inc., POBox 783400, Sandton 2146, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 883 7547, Fax: +27 11 883 6790, E-mail: anthony_kinghorn@abtassoc.co.za
Issues: Mobilising political commitment and resources across sectors to combat HIV/AIDS has been challenging in many contexts. Translating political commitment into practical programme implementation with sufficient resources can be even more difficult. Description: In 1997/98, three HIV/AIDS impact studies were perfor
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE159)
Alvim Castello Branco C, Rossi L, Costa Filho R, Assoni JF;;; C. Alvim Castello Branco, Brazilian STD/AIDS Program - MOH, Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco G - Sobreloja, Brasilia - DF, Brazil, Tel.: 55) (61) 315-2810 / 2520 / 241, Fax: (55) (61) 225-2105, E-mail: aids@aids.gov.br
Issue: PLWA participation in NGOs against prejudice and discrimination is becoming more widespread. The Brazilian Government STD/AIDS Programme has taken the lead in stimulating the empowerment of these people, through leadership and activism training. Description: The STD/AIDS Programme, with the assistance and coordi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE160)
Kakengi Mustafa A; A. Kakengi Mustafa, PO Box 1338, Bukoba, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tel.: +255 66 217 16, Fax: +255 66 210 00, E-mail: bukoba@mdm.bushnet.net
Issue: Different positive women from 15 different regions were mobilized and sensitized to be volunteers in their regions in empowering other women affected by HIV/AIDS. Description: The training include 75 positive women were focusing on HIV/AIDS awareness, survival techniques (nutrition), disclosure to our children,
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE161)
Milano M, Berkman A, Hoos D, Krauss K; M. Milano, ACT UP/New York, 218 Thompson St. #21, New York, NY 10012, United States, Tel.: +212-475-4889, Fax: +212-268-6077, E-mail: marknyc@hotmail.com
Issues: A crucial issue confronting the global AIDS community is the extreme inequality in access to treatment. Initiatives taken by governments of developing countries to expand access have met opposition by the pharmaceutical industry and by the U.S. government (USG). Activists from the U.S. formed a coalition commit
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE162)
Quintero O; O. Quintero, Probidsida, Apartado Postal, Plaza Panama 0833-0078, Panama, Tel.: +507 225 9119, Fax: +507 225 8043, E-mail: probidsida@hotmail.com
Background: There are over 3014 cases of AIDS in Panama , whose population is 2.5 million. PROBIDSIDA a NGO was formed to seek access to retroviral medication for People Living With AiDA (PWAs)in Panama. Two years ago, at the XII World AIDS Conference in Geneva, Switzerland , w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE214)
Giovanni G, Righi E, Bedini A, Bertani D, Lodesani C, Bolzon R; G. Giovanni, University of Modena, via del pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy, Tel.: +39 059 422 799, Fax: +39 059 424 278, E-mail: g.guaraldi@unimo.it
Introduction: The San Lazzaro nursing home in Modena was the first hospice caring for AIDS patients in Emilia Romagna (North of Italy ). Since October 1991, 95 patients have been assisted. At present it can assist 14 in-patients and 2 out-patients. Objective: The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE215)
Kocic F, Stojanovic M, Dragana S, Mihajlovic L; F. Kocic, Youth of Yugoslav Association against AIDS, 27.Marta street 35, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Tel.: +381 11 322 56 45, Fax: +381 11 322 56 45, E-mail: bajron@ptt.yu
Issue: Ten years of sanctions (embargo), war surrounding, and great number of Internally Displaced Persons- IDP s (1,5 million) have caused awareness and attention of the general population to be of significantly low level which markedly causes the increase of STI s and AIDS transmission in FRY. With this project we wo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE216)
Shah R, Bamne D; R. Shah, Jobanputra Clinic 59, Balasinor Society, SV Road Kandivli(West), Mumbai 400067, India, Tel.: +912 280 133 43, Fax: +912 280 504 09, E-mail: shahrashmikant@hotmail.com
Issue: It is known that truck drivers in India engage in highrisk sexual practices. Given their special vulnerability to STDs including HIV, twinned with their high mobility, non-traditional and multidimensional approaches are needed to effectively convey prevention messages and provide needed treatment and care.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE217)
Maina N; N. Maina, Society of Women Against AIDS in Africa, 1514 Nebraska Avenue East, St. Paul, MN 55106, United States, Tel.: +1 651 774 50 57, Fax: +1 651 774 50 57, E-mail: main0023@tc.umn.edu
Issue: The increased number of African immigrants infected with HIV in Minnesota poses a challenge to tthe health care professionals in Minnesota. Although HIV therapy is available, Africans who have come here as refugees or as a result of secondary migration encounter numerous barriers in accessing health care. Descri
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE218)
Sesay M, McLean S; M. Sesay, African HIV Steering Group, 196 Old Street, London EC1V 9FR, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 814 6722, Fax: +44 171 216 0111, E-mail: max.sesay@nat.org.uk
Issues: As a migrant group, Africans make up a small proportion of the total UK population (0.4% in 1991) but constitute the second single group most affected by HIV in the UK after gay men. Africans are found in only a handful of major cities in the UK, with almost 80% of them living in Greater London. Most of the spe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE219)
Bhattacharya P, Chowdhury M, Bose K, Patra SB, Soren D; P. Bhattacharya, Kenduadihi, Bankura, India, Tel.: +91 33 334 93 64
Issues: India is experiencing various stages of the epidemic simultaneously in different regions. The region of Bankura in the state of West Bengal is in the rural hinterlands with a predominantly agrarian economy and large sections of mobile agricultural labor, both intra-state and inter-state. Sentinel surveillance
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE267)
Wamae M, Okaalet P; M. Wamae, MAP International, PO Box 21663, 3rd Floor, Studio House, Chaka Rd. Kilimani, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 728 599, Fax: +254 2 714 422, E-mail: mwamae@map.org
Issues: Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Practice research findings on Kenyan Church leaders conducted by MAP International indicated that 60% of church leaders have received no counselling training on AIDS and STD s, 69% believe that the church lacks trained personnel to educate its people about AIDS and 96% believe
Issue: Conflicting views, perceptions, and beliefs of the church and the religious sector on HIV/AIDS/STD s alongside with diverse issues and concerns faced by the gay community adversely affects the prevention education efforts. Recognizing the strong influence of the religious sector to the wider community, their inv
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE269)
Weerathammaphiban P, Supawitkul S, Chaiyos Y, Srisudthiwong S; P. Weerathammaphiban, Wat Doi Ku Kaew, Maechan District, Chiangrai 57110, Thailand, Tel.: +66 53 717 847, Fax: +66 53 711 453, E-mail: crpcmo@loxinfo.co.th
Issues: In the context of Eastern customs and Thai culture, Buddhism is the major religion. HIV/AIDS is a social problem in which religion can be mobilized to urge sensibility and practice of the people to address AIDS prevention, care, and to create a supportive community. Description: With 1.2 million citizens in Tha
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE270)
Samuel NM, Feddema MG; N.M. Samuel, TN DR MGR Medical University, Dept of Experimental Medicine, 40 Anna Salai, Chennai 600032, India, Tel.: +91 44 235 42 30, E-mail: nms_mds@yahoo.com
Issues: India faces a major AIDS epidemic that has profound effect on family, economic and social development. HIV/AIDS has erased years of progress in the developing countries. In India HIV is concentrated in rural and marginalized groups. Even after several years of education and information, care and support provid
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE271)
Hansen E; E. Hansen, AIDS Legal Referral Panel, 582 Markete Street Suite 912, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States, Tel.: +1 415 291 5472, Fax: +1 415 291 5833, E-mail: eileehansen@alrp.org
Issues: Reporting the names of people who test positive for HIV has been controversial and complex since the beginning of the epidemic. In the United States , this has been a subject of much activism and advocacy. The ethical, moral, legal and public health debate regarding name-based reporting continues. Other countr
Issues: - Maintenance of confidentiality, accountability of health care workers in relation to PLHIV/AIDS and attitudes of PLHIV towards society needs to be balanced to protect the rights of both groups. Description: - Information revealed during a case study in relation to the above mentioned issue reveal that there i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE273)
Jain A; A. Jain, 7/10 Botawala Building 2nd Floor Horniman, Circle Fort, Mumbai 400023, India, Tel.: +91 22 267 6213, Fax: +91 22 270 2563, E-mail: aidslaw@vsnl.com
Issue: The recent Supreme Court judgement has brought into focus the much debated issue of partner notification in the context of HIV/AIDS. The judgement has in no uncertain terms laid the law in favour of disclosure of the HIV positive status to the wife , but one issue remains undealt with - the need for laying down
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE274)
Ramalingam R, Ramalingam V; R. Ramalingam, 827 Poonamallee Highroad Kilpauk, Chennai 600010, India, Tel.: +914 464 115 12, Fax: +914 464 127 27, E-mail: raviramalingam@hotmail.com
Issues: The Supreme Court of India has held that persons living with HIV/AIDS will have all their basic rights but should also accept a few basic responsibilities. Description: A blood sample was taken from a medical doctor tested for HIV. The test was positive. The doctor was engaged to be married.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA1234)
Pathak S, Choudhury S;;; S. Pathak, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 45 Beniatola Lane, Calcutta 700 009., India, Tel.: +91 332 192 902, Fax: +91 332 192 902, E-mail: hdri@cal2.vsnl.net.in
Background: The migrant labourers for long duration stay away from their family & since CSWs are the most vulnerable group & are easily accessible near their workplace, so when infected MLs visit their native homes, they carry with them STD/Hiv infection & thus infect their family, leading to widespread pro
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2001)
Baveja UK, Singh A, Anuradha S, Singh NP, Aggarwal SK; U. K. Baveja, D/ 2 28 West Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi 110023, India, Tel.: +91 11 688 05 59, E-mail: dirnicd@bol.net.in
Background: HIV infection is characterised by a defective CMI due to a depressed Th 1 response. This switch from Th 1 - Th 2 pattern of cytokine secretion has been postulated to be the critical step marking the progression of the disease. The degree of disequilibrium of type 1/type 2 cytokine response is thoughts to be
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2002)
Mavoungou D, Mavoungou E, Macka G; D. Mavoungou, PO Box 12134, Libreville, Gabon, Tel.: +241 731 805, Fax: +241 731 804, E-mail: crph2000@yahoo.fr
Background: Recently, dexamethasone was shown to inhibit HIV1, HIV2 and SIV mac251 envelope glycoproteins inducing PLA2 activation in lymphocytes for virus entry (Mavoungou et al., J. Acqu. Imm. Def.Synd.Hum. Retrovirol, 1997). We present here the capacity of DHEA to inhibit cell membrane PLA2 activation during HIV1 an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2003)
Mavoungou D, Mavoungou E, Macka G; D. Mavoungou, PO Box 12134, Libreville, Gabon, Tel.: +241 731 805, Fax: +241 731 804, E-mail: crph2000@yahoo.fr
Background: Trimolecular complexe gp 120-CD4-coreceptor inducing phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation through proteinkinase C (PKC) may have a critical role for fusion between membrane phospholipids of cellular host and gp41 for HIV1 entry in cells. We present here the capacity to inhibit HIV1 envelope glycoproteins med
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2004)
Nagy K, Kemeny B, Horvath A; K. Nagy, National Institute of Dermato-Venerology, Maria St. 41, Budapest 1085, Hungary, Tel.: +36-1-266 04 65, Fax: +36-1-210 48 74, E-mail: nagkar@bor.sote.hu
D 32 mutation of CCR5 and 3 A mutation of SDF-1 chemokine receptor genes result in partial resistance to HIV-1 infection in vitro, and/or a slower disease progression in vivo. HHV-8 has a role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). It is more frequent in HIV infection, and its presence may predict AIDS associate
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2005)
Morris P, Bakshi S, Tetali S, Ginocchio C, Pahwa S; P. Morris, 350 Community Drive, United States
Background: CNS involvement is frequently seen in children with HIV infection. We investigated virological characteristics in a cohort of infants with abnormal CNS manifestations. Methods: The cohort consisted of 9 perinatally HIV-1-infected children, age range 1-17 yrs (mean 12.7 yrs), 8 with CNS involvement (CDC clas
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2006)
Ekuban F, Quaye I, Brandful J, Gyan BA, Akanmori BD, Ankrah N-A; F. Ekuban, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana, Tel.: +233 21 501 178, Fax: +233 21 502 182, E-mail: faekuban@hotmail.com
Plasma haptoglobin phenotypes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by benzidine staining for 58 HIV-1 seropositive ghanaians and a corresponding 79 randomly selected age-matched controls. HPO was present in only 14% of HIV-1 seropositives compared with more than 40% of controls. The HPO indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2007)
Quaye I, Brandful J, Ekuban F, Gyan BA, Ankrah N-A, Akanmori BD; I. Quaye, University of Ghana, Noguchi Memorial Inst. for Medical Research, PO Box LG 581, Legon Accra, Ghana, Tel.: +233 21 501 178, Fax: +233 21 502 182, E-mail: iquaye@noguchi.mimcom.net
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) seropositive patients and control seroneagtive subjects were categorized by their haptoglobin phenotypes, determined by electrophoresis of haemoglobin supplemented plasma followed by benzidine staining. The CD4 counts determined by flow cytometry from peripheral blood mononuclear
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2008)
Kremenski I, Savov A, Ivanova N, Angelov A, Dikov I, Markova R, Terzieva V, Froloshka L, Argirova R; I. Kremenski, Lab. for Molecular Pathology, 2 zdrave street, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria, Tel.: +359 2 518 695, E-mail: kremensk@ns.medphac.acad.bg
Background: According to literature, HIV-1 seropositive heterozygotes for CCR5del32 mutation exhibit slower progression to overt AIDS, demonstrate higher susceptibility to opportunistic infections during the late stages of AIDS progression, etc. The aim of this study was to see the distribution of CCR5del32 mutation i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2009)
Kremeski I, Savov A, Ivanova N, Angelov A, Raleva S, Argirova R; I. Kremeski, Lab for molecular pathology, 2 Zsrave street, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria, Tel.: +359 2 518 695, E-mail: kremensk@ns.medphac.acad.bg
Background: A 32 base-pare deletion (del32) in the CCR5 gene has been recently associated with reduced susceptibility for HIV-1 infection and delayed disease progression. The mutant allele - CCR5del32 shows considerable variation in frequency within European populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the freque
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2010)
Iyengar S, Schwartz D, Zhang H; S. Iyengar, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: 410-955-3175, Fax: 410-955-0105, E-mail: siyengar@jhsph.edu
SIV in monkeys is CD4 dependent. As differences in monkey and human CD4 can affect binding, it may have been advantageous for the SIV ancestor of HIV-2 to infect humans in a CD4-independent manner. If this occurred, HIV-2 must have subsequently reacquired its observed CD4 dependence in human PBMCs. Can SIV infect human
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2011)
Treurnicht F, Smith TL, Claassen M, Zeier M, Robson B, Engelbrecht S, Janse van Rensburg E; F. Treurnicht, Dept. of Medical Virology, Clinical building, 8th floor, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: +27-21-9389353, Fax: +27-21-9389361, E-mail: fkt@gerga.sun.ac.za
Background: In South Africa HIV-1 subtype C is the principal subtype responsible for all heterosexually transmitted infections. A staggering 33,8% national increase in seroprevalence rates was noted between 1997 and 1998. This highlights the importance of genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of local HIV-1 isolate
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2012)
Blanco J, Gutierrez A, Barretina J, Clotet B, Este JA; J. Blanco, Fundacio irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain, Tel.: +34 93 465 63 74, Fax: +34 93 465 39 68, E-mail: jblanco@ns.hugtip.scs.es
Background: The attachment of HIV-1 particles to the surface of target cells is the first step in HIV-1 life cycle. Methods: Labeled viruses were harvested from cultures of biotinylated productively infected cells and attachment was studied by flow-cytometry. This experimental system allows the easy study of HIV bindin
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2013)
Iyengar S, Zhang H, Schwartz D; S. Iyengar, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 3175, Fax: +1 410 955 0105, E-mail: siyengar@jhsph.edu
Background: We have shown that HIV gp120 induced chemotaxis of T cells causes and requires actin-dependent polar macroaggregation of chemokine receptors CKRs), while infection causes and requires cocapping of both CD4 and CKRs. Cross linking surface CD4 or CKRs results in the phosphorylation and activation of MAP Kinas
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2014)
Este JA, Cabrera C, Gutierrez A, Blanco J, Barretina J, Litovchick A, Clotet B, Evdokimov AG, Lapidot A; J.A. Este, Fundacio irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,, Retrovirology Laboratory, 08916, Badalona, Spain, Tel.: 34 934656374, Fax: 34 934653968, E-mail: jaeste@ns.hugtip.scs.es
Background: Conjugates of L-arginine with aminoglycosides have already been described as potent in vitro inhibitors of HIV-1 Tat-transactivation responsive element interaction. The polycationic nature of these agents lead us to suggests that they may be active against HIV-1 replication by inhibiting earlier stages of t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2015)
Ruscetti FW, Lin HM, Puri A, Hug P, Mikovits JA, Mazout A, Blumenthal R; F.W. Ruscetti, LLB, DBS, NCI-FCRDC, PO Box B, Bldg. 567, Rm. 251, Federick, MD 21702-1201, United States, Tel.: +1 301 846 1504, Fax: +1 301 846 7034, E-mail: ruscettif@mail.ncifcrf.gov
Background: Multiple interactions between the determinants on the virus and the cell membrane are required for HIV cell fusion and infectivity. Inhibition of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis in various cell lines reduces their susceptibility to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein mediated cell-cell fusion. This fusion acti
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2016)
Kalinkovich A, Weisman Z, Qibin L, Borkow G, Stein M, Bentwich Z; A. Kalinkovich, AIDS Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Dr. A.Kalinkovich, AIDS Center, Kaplan Medical Center, 76100, Rehovot, Israel, Tel.: +972 8 944 1906, Fax: +972 8 941 0461, E-mail: bentwich@agri.huji.ac.il
Background: We have previously described the presence of increased susceptibility for HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from Ethiopian immigrants (ETH) living in Israel (AIDS 1998; 12:1731). In the present study we determined the possible role of CCR5 expression and beta-chemokines sec
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2017)
Messele T, Rinke de Wit T, Brouwer M, Aklilu M, Fontanet A, Schuitemaker H, Hamann D; T. Messele, P.O.Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel.: +251 1 753 330, Fax: +251 1 756 329, E-mail: enarp@telecom.net.et
Background: To determine host factors in Ethiopians who remained HIV uninfected despite multiple high risk exposures, we studied 21 commercial sex workers (CSW) who have been active as sex workers for five or more years in comparison with 6 low risk age and sex matched controls. Methods: The in vitro susceptibility of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2018)
Papathanasopoulos M, Cilliers T, van Harmelen J, Abdool Karim S, Ramjee G, Williamson C, Morris L; M. Papathanasopoulos, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa, Tel.: +27 113 214 231, Fax: +27 118 820 596, E-mail: Mariap@niv.ac.za
Background: The envelope gene of an R5 virus (Du151) isolated in South Africa is currently being used to design an HIV-1 subtype C vaccine, and a fuller understanding of the functional capacity of this glycoprotein is therefore important. Here we describe cloning and initial characterisation of the Du151 envelope prote
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2019)
Cilliers T, Orlovic D, Morris L; T. Cilliers, AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Virology, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 321 4286, Fax: +27 11 882 0596, E-mail: toniec@niv.ac.za
Background: HIV-1 subtype C isolates at all stages of disease, predominantly use CCR5 as the major co-receptor. The occurrence of a phenotypic switch appears to be rare as CXCR4 is used with very low frequency. The aim of this study was to determine whether isolates from South African patients with advanced disease wer
Vertical transmission of HIV-1 is thought to mainly take place by virus crossing the placental barrier. However, the mechanism by which HIV infects placental cells remains to be elucidated. We have found that purified cytotrophoblasts as well as placental cell lines JAR and JEG-3 are susceptible to productive infection
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2021)
Reeves J, Simmons G, Dejucq N, Hibbitts S, McKnight A, Azevedo Pereira J, Moniz-Pereira J, Clapham P; J. Reeves, The Wohl Virion Centre, The Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London, W1P 6DB,, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 207 504 9562, Fax: +44 207 504 9555, E-mail: j.reeves@ucl.ac.uk
Cell surface receptors exploited by HIV and SIV for infection of cells are major determinants of tropism. HIV-1 usually requires two receptors to infect cells. Gp120 on HIV-1 virions binds CD4 on the cell surface, triggering conformational rearrangements that create or expose a binding site for a seven-transmembrane (7
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2023)
Lal R, Utaipat U, Rudolph D, Yang C, Duerr A, Butera ST, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Kamtorn N, Nantachit N, Nagachinta T, Suriyanon V, Robison V, Nelson KE, Sittisombut N; R. Lal, Mail stop D-12, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +404 639 10 36, Fax: +404 639 26 60, E-mail: rbl3@cdc.gov
Background: HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, play an important role in viral entry and pathogenesis. To better understand the role of viral tropism in HIV-1 transmission, we examined the coreceptor utilization of viral isolates obtained from men enrolled in a study of heterosexual transmission in Northern
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2024)
Rynditch A, Tsyba L, Bernardi G; A. Rynditch, Zabolotnogo str. 150, 031 43 Kiev, Ukraine, Tel.: +380 44 266 34 98, Fax: +380 44 266 07 59, E-mail: rynditch@imbig.kiev.ua
Background: The localization of integrated proviral sequences in the compositional mosaic genomes of warm-blooded vertebrates demonstrated the regional specificity of integration. It provides the possibility to examine the correlation between distribution of HIV-I sequences and viral expression as well as between local
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2025)
Karamov E, Kornilaeva G, Pavlova T, Turgiev A, Ulmasov K; E. Karamov, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, 16 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russian Federation, Tel.: +7-095-190-3048, Fax: +7-095-190-2867, E-mail: karamov@invir.msk.su
Objective: to study the capacity of proviral HIV-1 DNA for replicative transposition in the infected cells subjected to heat shock. Methods: Distribution of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in HIV-1-infected cells was studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis and Western blot. The content of proviral DNA in the infected cel
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2026)
Sluis-Cremer N; N. Sluis-Cremer, McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine Road, Montreal,, Canada, Tel.: +(514) 340 8260 ext 5303, Fax: +(514) 340 7502, E-mail: nicolas_sluis@hotmail.com
Background: N-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde hydrazone (BBNH) and its iron chelate Fe(III)BBNH inhibit both DNA polymerase and RNase H activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Treatment of HIV-1-chronically infected H9 cells with appropriately formulated Fe(III)BBNH (as SP1093V) results in nasc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2027)
Bukrinskaya A, Stevenson M; A. Bukrinskaya, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester MA 01605, United States, Tel.: +1 508 856 4583, Fax: +1 508 4075, E-mail: alissa.boukrinskaia@umassmed.edu
Background: HIV-1 Gag proteins are the products of the cleavage of Gag precursor Pr55gag by viral protease. The general opinion is that Gag processing occurs within nascent virions, and inactivation of viral protease by protease inhibitors takes place in budding virions or after budding. We have attempted to identify t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2028)
Cen S, Kleiman L; S. Cen, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada, Tel.: +1 514 340 82 22 ext 52 86, Fax: +1 514 340 75 02, E-mail: shancen@hotmail.com
Background: The assembly of HIV-1 is a poorly understood process. We are studying the process by viral assembly complexes in lysates of COS7 cells transfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA, and have dissected the process into several stage. Methods: The lysates of COS7 cells transfected with wild type or myr- mutant HIV-1 pr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2029)
Kleiman L, Khorchid A, Javanbakht H, Wise S, Parniak MA, Wainberg MA; L. Kleiman, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada, Tel.: +1-514-340 82 22 ext 5285, Fax: +1-514-340 75 02, E-mail: md26@musica.mcgill.ca
Objective: The selective packaging of the primer tRNALys3 into HIV-1 particles is dependent upon the viral incorporation of Pr160gag-pol protein. We have studied the effects of mutations in Pr160gag-pol upon the selective incorporation of tRNALys, using a series of deletions, insertions, and point mutations. Methods: 2
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2030)
Javanbakht H; H. Javanbakht, Ladt Davis Institute for medical research, 4311 old orchard apt 1708, Montreal Quebec H4A 3B, Canada, Tel.: +1 514 4881 949, Fax: +1 514 340 7502, E-mail: hassanito@hotmail.com
Background: During HIV-1 assembly, primer tRNALys3 is selectively packaged into the virus. This process is dependent on incorporation of Pr160gag-pol. In this study we have determined that tRNALys3 binds to a truncated form of Pr160gag-pol but not to Pr55gag in vitro. Methods and results: We have shown the specificity
Background: A stretch of non-coding viral RNA sequence at the 5 end of HIV-1 genome RNA contains the major cis-acting RNA elements for specific encapsidation of viral RNA. Particularly, two RNA stem-loop structures, namely, SL1 and SL3 are involved. Yet, SL1 and SL3 are located up- and down-stream of the 5 SD signal, r
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2032)
Wang C-T, Chen SL, Chiang CC, Chou YC; C-T. Wang, Institute of Clinical Medicine, NYMU No 201 Sec 2, Shih-Pai Road Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Province Of China, Tel.: +886 228 711 16 55, Fax: +886 228 742 279, E-mail: ctwang@vghtpe.gov.tw
Background: HIV gag mutants either with large deletions or with insertions of extra coding sequences could still assemble and release virus-like particles. In this study, we investigate to what extent the HIV gag could tolerate insertions of extra coding sequences. Methods: One hundred seven codons in the central porti
Background: The problem of interaction of HIV-1 with host cell cytoskeleton has been widely explored in recent years. Most of published works concerns predominantly functions of actin microfilaments in the HIV-1 life cycle. We present the evidence that vimentin intermediate filaments may also be involved into HIV-1 mor
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2034)
Pinto Neto LF, Cunha CB, Dietze R, Vieira NF, Soprani M, Cabral V, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R; L. F. S. Pinto Neto, Av. Comissario Otavio de Queiroz, 966/402, Jardim da Penha, Vitoria - ES 29060-270, Brazil, Tel.: +55 27 225 31 83, Fax: +55 27 324 03 04, E-mail: laurofp@zaz.com.br
Quantification of blood HIV-1 viral load is essential to guide treatment of infected patients. The objective of this study was to correlate the HIV-1 viral load evolution in blood plasma and semen during antiretroviral therapy. Plasma and semen samples from 36 treatment-naive patients were collected between March 1988
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2035)
Pinto Neto LF, Cunha CB, Dietze R, Vieira NF, Soprani M, Cabral V, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R; L. F. S. Pinto Neto, Av. Comissario Otavio de Queiroz, 966/402, Jardim da Penha, Vitoria - ES 29060-270, Brazil, Tel.: +55 27 225 31 83, Fax: +55 27 324 03 04, E-mail: laurofp@zaz.com.br
The present study was designed to investigate a possible correlation between plasmatic and seminal viral load on paired samples from HIV-positive patients, as well as their correlation with peripheral blood T cells. Fifty-six consecutive treatment-naive HIV-1+ men (mean average: 34.14 years) attending to the HIV clinic
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2036)
Locher C, Witt S, Levy J; C. Locher, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 513 Parnassus, S1280, Box 1270, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States, Tel.: +1 415 476 8363, Fax: +1 415 476 8365, E-mail: locher@itsa.ucsf.edu
Background: Although both syncytium-inducing (SI) and non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) viruses can be transmitted to individuals, the NSIutype is found during primary infection in most cases. The reason for this predominance of the NSI strain is not known, but could reflect different interactions of this virus biologic phe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2037)
Arts E, Quiones-Mateu M, Ball S, Van Der Groen G, Vanham G, Colebunders R; E. Arts, Case Western Reverse University, 10900 EUCLID AVE, BRB1029, DIV. OF ID, CLEVELAND, OHIO 44106, United States, Tel.: +1216-368-8904, Fax: +1216-368-2034, E-mail: eja3@po.cwru.edu
Background: This study examined the impact of HIV-1 fitness on disease progression. Despite numerous studies on the effect of HIV-1 diversity and HIV-specific immune response on disease progression, we still do not have a firm understanding on the long-term pathogenesis by this virus. Methods: Competitive infection of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2038)
Bile C, Nkengasong J, Borget MY, Ekpini ER, Boateng E, Maurice C, Sibailly T, Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ; C. Bile, Project Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 54 111, Fax: +225 212 429 969, E-mail: efb6@cdc.gov
Objectives: To study dynamics of HIV-1 viral replication and the effect of the CCR2 64I mutation on HIV-1 viral load in infants infected with HIV-1. Methods: We selected sequential blood samples obtained at birth, 1 month, 3 months, then every 3 months until age 15 months from 13 HIV-1-infected infants born to HIV-1-se
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2039)
Nichols K, Tabibian P, Sachs N; K. Nichols, African Services Committee, Inc., 28 East 35th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States, Tel.: +1 212 683 50 19, Fax: +1 212 779 28 62, E-mail: africanserve@worldnet.att.net
Issues: HIV-2 and HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J, and subtype recombinants are prevalent throughout Africa and Asia. Standards of care for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of patients with these strains have yet to be implemented, although appropriate virological assay and antiretroviral regimen will
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2040)
Khanina T, Bobkova MR, Kazennova EV, Buravtsova EV, Kravchenko AV, Pokrovsky VV, Bobkov AF, Weber IN; T. Khanina, The D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya 16, Moscow 123098, Russian Federation, Tel.: +7 095 190 28 73, Fax: +7 095 190 28 67
Background: Russia is experiencing a rapidly growing epidemic of HIV-1 among injecting drug users (IDUs). Previously we have demonstrated that this epidemic is caused by three HIV-1 variants, one belonging to HIV-1 subtype A (IDU-A), another to subtype B (IDU-B), and the third being a recombinant of the IDU-A and IDU-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2041)
Auswinporn S, Chantratita W, Jenwitheesuk E, Vibhagool A, Sookpranee M, Leechawengwong M; S. Auswinporn, Virology and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama6 road, Ratchadhawee, Bangkok, Thailand, Tel.: +662-2011369, Fax: +662-2011324, E-mail: Auswinporn@hotmail.com
Background: To study the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Thailand , a sequencing based genotyping assay was utilized, and the result from each patient was phylogenetically analyzed and compared with the previous report on serotyping assay using V3-peptide enzyme immunoassay (V3-PEIA). Methods: HIV-1 pol fragments we
Objective: To investigate whether the combination infection with different HIV-1 subtypes existed in HIV-1 infected population in China , and to analyse their infection source. Methods: HIV-1 env gene was amplified by nested-PCR from uncultured PBMCs obtained from 3 HIV-1 seropositive individuals found in Shenzhen. The
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2043)
Loveday C, Burke A, Devereux H, Johnson M; C. Loveday, Royal Free & University College MS, Dept Retrovirology, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 830 22 77, Fax: +44 171 830 22 78, E-mail: cloveday@doctors.org.uk
Background: A rising prevalence of HIV-1 infection with subtype NB viruses has been reported across Europe. This has major implications for disease diagnosis and management as molecular assays for detection, quantification and resistance measures may not perform equally across all subtypes. This is further confounded b
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2044)
Castro De Batenjer E, Echeverria De Perez G, Davis L, Gonzalez De Salmen B, Moreira Dos Santos A, Guimaraes M, Morgardo M;;; E. Castro De Batenjer, Apartado Postal 738, Porlamar- Isla de Margarita, Estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, Tel.: +58 95 490 127, E-mail: INFINCAS@ENLARED.NET; EBATENJER@HOTMAIL.COM
Introduction: As part of the global effort on monitoring HIV-1 clades, subtypes B, F, E, D, C and 2 isolated cases of subtype A infection, have been already reported in some South American countries. Venezuela s previous data on this issue consisted on two studies of twenty eight individuals, which only reported the pr
Background: To analyse the correlation of biological phenotype features Of HIV-1 isolates from different epidemic regions of Russia with clinical status and susceptibility to antiviral agents. Methods: The 61 HIV-1 isolates were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 54 HIV-infected persons and studied in
Background: To determine HIV-1 subtypes in circulation in Cameroon , the phylogenetic analysis (the reference method) and the heterogeneity mobility assay (HMA) were used in a comparative way. Method: A fraction of HIV-1 was amplified from HIV-1 positive blood of cameroonian subjects. Viral RNA was obtained and retrotr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2047)
Martin D; D. Martin, University of Cape Town, Microbiology Department, Private Bag, 7000, South Africa, Tel.: +27 650 32 71, Fax: +27 689 75 73, E-mail: darren@molbiol.uct.ac.za
Intra- and inter-specific genomic recombination is recognized as having a major role in the evolution of viruses such as HIV. It is believed that recombination in HIV may both hinder efforts to develop effective vaccines and result in the emergence of new types with greater virulence. We have written an extremely user
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2049)
Op de Coul E, Prins M, Cornelissen M, Van der Schoot A; E. Op de Coul, Municipal Health Service, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Tel.: +31 20 555 52 31, Fax: +31 20 555 55 33, E-mail: eodcoul@gggd.amsterdam.nl
Background: To establish the epidemiological link between the HIV-1 epidemics among IDUs in the European countries: Austria , France , Italy , the Netherlands , Scotland, Spain and Switzerland
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2050)
Carr JK, Eitel M, Wolfe N, Torimiro J, Jagodzinski LL, Burke DS, Birx DL, McCutchan FE; J.K. Carr, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 1 Taft Ct., Rockville MD 20850, United States, Tel.: +1 301 251 5062, Fax: +1 301 294 1898, E-mail: jcarr@hivresearch.org
Background: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 varies dramatically across Africa and is highest in west central Africa. Seropositive blood samples from 4 geographic locations in the west central African country of Cameroon were collected in order to determine the genetic distribution of subtypes. Methods: PBMC from the bl
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2051)
Piyasirisilp S, McCutchan F, Carr JK, Sanders-Buell E, Wolf H, Liu W, Chen J, Shao Y, Lai S, Beyrer C, Yu X-F; S. Piyasirisilp, Dpt. of Mol. Microbiology & Immunology, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 614 4273, Fax: +1 410 955 0105, E-mail: spiyasir@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu
In China, the HIV-1 epidemic first occurred in 1989 among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Yunnan Province, and spread to other regions along heroin trafficking routes. One route leads from Myanmar eastward, through Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, then to Hongkong and the West. Partial genome sequencing showed HIV-1 subty
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2052)
Sierra J, Lopez Marquez F, Escoto Delgadillo M, Lopez Lomel M I, Vazquez Valls E; J. Sierra, Sierra Mojada 800, Guadalajara 443 40, Mexico, Tel.: +52 3 618 9410, Fax: +52 3 618 1756, E-mail: neuroirh@vianet.com.cx
Objective: To identify the HIV-1 subtypes and their recombinations in seropositives from Jalisco, Mexico . Materials and Methods: Serum specimens were collected between 1992 to 1998, from 365 HIV-1 infected patients from Jalisco, Mexico. The sera were tested by indirect V3 synthetic peptides
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2053)
Janssens W, Salminen MO, Laukkanen T, Heyndrickx L, Van der Auwera G, Colebunders R, McCutchan FE, van der Groen G; W. Janssens, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium, Tel.: +32 3 247 6328, Fax: +32 3 247 6333, E-mail: wjanssens@itg.be
Background: The longstanding presence of non-B strains in HIV-1 seropositive Belgian individuals was documented earlier (1). Generally these infections were linked to regions in the world where these strains are prevalent. In order to verify to what extent Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF) AG(IbNG) variants, that are
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2054)
Tovanabutra S, Polonis V, De Souza M, Brown A, Birx D, McCutchan FE, Carr JK; S. Tovanabutra, Research Institute of Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Tel.: +66 301 251 8303, Fax: +66 301 294 1898, E-mail: stovanabutra@hivresearch.org
Background: Recombination between HIV-1 subtypes is often observed in regions where multiple subtypes co-circulate. Two subtypes of HIV-1 have been in circulation in Thailand since 1989: subtype B, largely associated with IDU exposure, and a circulating recombinant form (CRF) AE, mostly in cases with heterosexual expo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2055)
Huang D, Giesler T, Bremer JW; D. Huang, Rush Medical College, Dept. Immunolgy/Microbiology, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Tel.: +1 312 942 8737, Fax: +1 312 942 2808, E-mail: dhuang@rush.edu
Background: The 1) homology, 2) phylogeny, and 3) existence of polymorphisms correlating to antiretroviral resistance were examined for the amino acid (aa) sequence of the entire protease (PRT) and first 297 aa of the reverse transcriptase (RT) protein of the strains in our characterized International HIV-1 Subtype Re
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2056)
Vallejo A, Gurtler L, Zekeng L, Hewlett IK; A. Vallejo, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, United States, Tel.: +1 301 827 0725, Fax: +1 301 827 0998, E-mail: vallejo@cber.fda.gov
Background: HIV-1 group O viruses remain less investigated because of their prevalence in limited geographic areas and also due to the limited availability of virus isolates. We have analyzed the accessory genes of seven group O isolates from Cameroon . These genes are known to play important roles in the various path
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2057)
Hewlett IK, Vallejo A; I.K. Hewlett, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, United States, Tel.: +1 301 827 0795, Fax: +1 301 827 0998, E-mail: hewlett@cber.fda.gov
Background: Recombination events among sequences of different subtypes of HIV-1 group M have been frequently observed in areas where multiple HIV subtypes are prevalent in the population. HIV-1 group O viruses represent a minority of the HIV-1 isolates, limited mostly to the Central West African region, and have only
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2058)
Peeters M, Bourgeois A, Torimiro N, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Butel C, Delaporte E; M. Peeters, IRD, Laboratoire retrovirus, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier cdx1, France, Tel.: +33-4 67 41 62 97, Fax: +33-4 67 61 94 50, E-mail: martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr
Background: Phylogenetic analyses of the numerous strains of HIV-1 isolated from diverse geographic origins have revealed three distinct groups of viruses, which have been termed M, N and O. Group N (for New, or non-M, non-O) has only recently been identified, and is so far represented by only two isolates from Cameroo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2059)
Vergne L, Peeters M, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Toure C, Mboup S, Mulanga-Kabeya C, Reynes J, Jourdan J, Delaporte E; L. Vergne, IRD, Laboratoire Retrovirus, IRD, BP 5045, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34032 Montpellier cdx1, France, Tel.: +33-4 67 41 62 97, Fax: +33-4 67 61 94 50, E-mail: martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr
Background: Little information on the impact of viral diversity on natural susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs has been reported to date. However, the prevalence of non-subtype B virus continues to increase in developed countries and antiretroviral treatments became recently available to certain developing countries
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2060)
Robb M, Serwadda D, McCutchan F, Wabwire F, Gray R, Carr J, Sewankambo N, Birx D; M. Robb, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850, United States, Tel.: +301-251-8302, Fax: +301-294-1898, E-mail: mrobb@hiv.hjf.org
Background: Recombination between HIV-1 subtypes are observed where multiple clades circulate. Recombinant structures are complex and patterns of recombination are not defined. However, some recombinants establish sustained epidemics, e.g. A/E in SE Asia and IbNG in W. Africa. A study in Rakai, Uganda
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2061)
Bredell H, Hunt G, Miller S, Casteling A, Johnson D, Martin D, Tiemessen C, Morris L; H. Bredell, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 321 4288, Fax: +27 11 882 0596, E-mail: helbab@niv.ac.za
Background: The South African HIV-1 epidemic is dominated by HIV-1 subtype C viruses that have spread among heterosexual individuals with a smaller HIV-1 subtype B epidemic among homosexual men. There have been few reported cases of other subtypes. Methods: Ongoing monitoring of over 300 circulating HIV-1 subtypes rev
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2062)
Dolei A, Serra C, Mameli G, Arru G, Dolei A; A. Dolei, University of Sassari, Dept. Biomedical Sciences,, Viale San Pietro 43B, I-07100 Sassari, Italy, Tel.: +39 079 228 304, Fax: +39 079 212 345, E-mail: doleivir@ssmain.uniss.it
Background: Various cell types may be sanctuaries where HIV may persist and adapt. In the past we observed productive HIV infection in a variety of cells from solid tissues, with establishment of persistent infections. Methods: From the T-tropic HIV-1P1 strain we selected a variant (HIV-E), in Hela-T4 epithelial cells
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2063)
Ekwalanga MB, Dazza MC, Bikandou B, Pukuta E, Muyembe T, Saragosti S; M.B. Ekwalanga, INRB, Rue Des Huilerles, Kinshasa 1 Gombe, Congo, The Democratic Republic, Tel.: +243 1245 483, E-mail: inrb-congo@maf.org
Objective: To improve our understanding of the genetic complexity of HIV-1 subtype in Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: 28 HIV-1-seropositive patients contributed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for this study. V3-V5 region of env and gag p24 region were sequenced. DNA from virus cultures was used for th
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2064)
Bikandou B, Ekwalanga M, Maepandi M, Dazza MC, Naezoukoudi M, Maevounze R, Maeparra P, Maepele P, Saragosti S; B. Bikandou, LNSP, Avenue Du General De Gaule, Brazzaville, Congo, Tel.: +242 813611, E-mail: Bikandou@aol.com
Objective: The highest HIV-1 diversity is observed in Central Africa. We want to evaluate the existence and emergency of HIV-1 mosaic genome in Congo Republic where many HIV-1 strains are co-circulating. Methods: We collected in 1998, blood from 71 AIDS suspected patients living in Pointe-Noire, the economic capital of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2065)
Mika S, David R, Feng G, Janssens W, McCutchan F; S. Mika, KTL, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300, Helsinki, Finland, Tel.: +358 9 4744 8454, Fax: +358 9 4744 8461, E-mail: mika.salminen@ktl.fi
Background: HIV-1 can be genetically classified into phylogenetic lineages, or subtypes, designated by the letters A to K. Most of the currently recognized subtypes were originally described and named based on genetic analysis of subgenomic regions of the gag and env genes. However, current criteria require complete ge
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2066)
Guimarfes Lindenmeyer M, Moreira Santos A, Loureiro R, Bongertz V, Galveo Castro B, Morgado Gonsalves M; M. Guimarfes Lindenmeyer, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil, Av. Brazil 4365 - Pav. Carlos Chagas, Department of Immunology, - Lab. of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, CEP: 21-045-900, Brazil, Tel.: +55 055 280 1486, Fax: +55 055 280 1589, E-mail: monicklg@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br
The aim of this study is to evaluate the polymorphism of the immunologically relevant of env and gag regions of HIV-1 Brazilian samples. And to discuss its potential relevance in terms of vaccine design. Phylogenetic studies will also performed to evaluate the presence of recombinant genomes. Proviral DNA of HIV-1 isol
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2067)
Van der Auwera G, Heyndrickx L, Larder B, Janssens W, Galveo Castro B, Hertogs K, De Bethune MP, Van Der Groen G; G. Van der Auwera, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nationalestraat 155, B 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium, Tel.: +32 3 247 63 26, Fax: +32 3 247 63 33, E-mail: gvdauwera@itg.be
Background: The HIV pandemic is dominated by HIV type 1 group M virus strains, which have been subdivided into several genetic subtypes. However, some viruses (in certain areas over 50%) have a mosaic genome composed of fragments belonging to different subtypes. In order to identify these intersubtype recombinants part
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2068)
Liitsola K, Ristola M, Holmstrm P, Salminen M, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Simola S, Suni J; K. Liitsola, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland, Tel.: +358 9 4744, Fax: +358 9 4744 8461, E-mail: kirsi.liitsola@klt.fi
Background: Prior to 1998, IDU-associated HIV infection in Finland was rare (only 27 total cases reported since 1980). However, in 1998 several indicators suggested a significant rise in the incidence of HIV seropositivity among intravenous drug users in Helsinki. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2069)
Montavon C, Peeters M, Vergne L, Toure-Kane C, Bourgeois A, Jourdan J, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Delaporte E; C. Montavon, IRD, Laboratoire Retrovirus, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier, France, Tel.: +33-4 67 41 62 97, Fax: +33-4 67 61 94 50, E-mail: martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr
Background: Following the designation of subtypes within HIV-1 groupM, it was realized that certain isolates are inter-subtype recombinants. Some of these mosaic HIV-1 genomes are unique, or restricted to small transmission clusters. However, others play a major role in the global AIDS epidemic: these are now designate
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2070)
Machuca R, Pedersen C, Kvinesdal B, Obel N, Gerstoft J, Nielsen H, Nielsen C, Baegh M; R. Machuca, Statens Serum Institut, Department of Virology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark, Tel.: +45 32 68 31 15, Fax: +45 32 68 30 82, E-mail: rma@ssi.dk
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of non-subtype B HIV-1 in Denmark . Materials and Methods: The envelope C2-V3-C3 region from patients suspected to be infected with non-subtype B was amplified with PCR and directly sequenced. The DNA sequences were anligned with known full length HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2071)
Murphy G, Barlow K, Clewley J, Lewis K, Cliffe S, McGarrigle C, Nicoll A, Rogers P, Parry J; G. Murphy, Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5HT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 208 200 4400, Fax: +44 208 200 1569, E-mail: gmurphy@phls.nhs.uk
Background: HIV-1 infections with non-B subtypes are known to exist in the UK, but their importance is uncertain. The national unlinked anonymous HIV survey allows a minimally biased estimate of the relative prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes. Methods: Subtype was determined for 893 specimens examined during 1997 according t
Objective: Among the antigenic epitopes described in the gp41, the immunodominant epitope (607-613, IM) as well as one of the neutralizing epitopes (671-676, NT), are important targets for anti-HIV immune response. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the genetic and antigenic polymorphism of the IM and NT epito
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2073)
Renzullo P, Sateren W, McCutchan F, Carr J, Ettore C, Malak M, Birx D, VanCott T; P. Renzullo, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 1 Taft Court; Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850, United States, Tel.: +1 301 251 8339, Fax: +1 301 294 1898, E-mail: prenzullo@hiv.hjf.org
Background: Civilian applicants for military service are screened for several conditions, including HIV infection, at one of 65 Military Entrance Processing Stations (MEPS) across the US. Results from this program can be used to monitor trends in HIV prevalence and the distribution of non-B HIV-1 subtypes in the US, wh
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2074)
Johnston E, Guevara H, Hendry M, Zijenah L, Katzenstein D; E. Johnston, Stanford University, S-156 SUMC, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5107, United States, Tel.: +650-498-50-63, Fax: +650-498-70-71, E-mail: betsyj@leland.stanford.edu
Objective: To examine in utero exposure to and transmission of subtype C HIV-1 from mother to child determined by RNA detection and to analyze virus sequence heterogeneity between mothers and their infants. Methods: Plasma, cells and whole blood from sequential deliveries were separated and stored at -70 C at Harare Ho
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2075)
Pollakis G, Rinke de Wit T, Fontanet A, Cornelissen M, Goudsmit J, Abebe A, Kliphuis A, Fisseha B, Tegbaru B; G. Pollakis, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands, Tel.: +00-31-20-566 85 72, Fax: +00-31-20-566 90 64, E-mail: moud@gggd.amsterdam.nl
Background: HIV-1 subtype C has been estimated to account for 48% of HIV-1 infections worldwide and 51.5% of HIV-1 infections in Africa. In Ethiopia , the HIV epidemic is caused almost exclusively by subtype C in the capital Addis Ababa, and in the major towns in different parts of the country. Methods: HIV-1 positive
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2076)
Abebe A, Tegbaru B, Pollakis G, Fontanet A, Fisseha B, Kliphuis A, Cornelissen M, Goudsmit J, Rinke de Wit T; A. Abebe, PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel.: +251 1 753 330, Fax: +251 1 756 329, E-mail: enarp@telecom.net.et
Background: to assess the geographical distribution and the possible influx of HIV-1 subtypes in different Ethiopian towns in 1988 and in 1996/7, and to study the evolution of HIV-1 in the course of the Ethiopian epidemic. Methods: Sera were collected from HIV-1 infected commercial sex workers of 7 different Ethiopian
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2077)
Avila MM, Pando MA, Salomon H, Martinez Peralta L, Negrete M, Carr JK, Russell KL; M. M. Avila, National Reference Center for AIDS (CNRS), Paraguay 2155, piso 11, 1121 Buenos Aires, Armenia, Tel.: +54 11 4508 3689, Fax: +54 11 4508 3705, E-mail: Avilaefron@hotmail.com
Background: Genetic and antigenic variation among HIV-1 is a major concern regarding the strategies needed to develop vaccines for AIDS.This implies the need to prepare vaccines based on endemic strains. Molecular epidemiology can be a useful tool in tracking the emerging epidemics in defined populations. Past work in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2078)
Travers K, Dia M, Traore I, Eisen G, Hsieh C-C, Mboup S, Kanki P; K. Travers, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB Bldg- Room 405C, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States, Tel.: +1 617 432 4686, Fax: +1 617 432 3575, E-mail: ktravers@hsph.harvard.edu
Background: Recent studies suggest that HIV-1 subtypes differ with respect to their pathogenicity (Neilson, J Virol, 1999; and Kanki, JID, 1998); viral load is also considered an important determinant of disease progression. We therefore investigated the relationship of viral load and pathogenicity across subtypes. Met
Objectives: To determine: (1) The genetic variability of HIV-1 in Cameroon (2) The prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A in Cameroon (3) The evolution of the prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A in Cameroon. Methods: A fraction of the HIV-1 genetic material from to HIV-1 positive samples collected in Douala (24) and Yaounde (36) was
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2080)
Nakasone T, Hara T, Naganawa S, Takamatsu J, Kaizu M, Takizawa M, Ohsu T, Kawahara M, Izumi Y; T. Nakasone, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan, Tel.: +81 3 5285 1111, Fax: +81 3 5285 1183, E-mail: nakabone@nih.go.jp
Background: To analyze biological and genetic diversity of HIV-1 in Japan , since 1988, we have been collecting samples and isolating HIV-1 from HIV-1-infected persons (n = 2785) in Japan. Most subjects are hemophiliacs (n = 1,962) who had been repeatedly intravenously administered blood products. The number of subjec
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2081)
Sato H, Tomita YT, Shabamura KS, Shiino TS, Miyakuni TM, Tatsumi MT, Takebe YT; H. Sato, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Research Center, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan, Tel.: +81 3 52 85 11 11, Fax: +81 3 52 85 11 29, E-mail: hirosato@nih.go.jp
Background: Rreverse transcriptase (RT) sequence of HIV-1 subtype E differs from that of HIV-1 subtype B in Europe and North America by about 10% of its nucleotides and 7% of its amino acids, which may cause subtype-dependent variations in resistance mutations for RT inhibitors. We examined evolution of AZT-resistance
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2082)
Burek V, Maretic T; V. Burek, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Mirogojska 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Tel.: +385 1 605 02 71, Fax: +385 1 460 31 31, E-mail: vitomir.burek@yg.tel.hr
Background: The geographical distribution of HIV-2 is not fully understood. Numerous reports indicate that the virus originated and is most prevalent in West Africa. It is believed that HIV-2 infection spread from West Africa, where it is endemic-sporadic, to other more distant African countries and out of Africa into
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2083)
Schim van der Loeff M, Aaby P, Vincent T, Aveika A, Alabi A, Da Costa C, Whittle H; M. Schim van der Loeff, MRC Laboratories, PO Box 273, Banjul, Gambia, Tel.: + 220 - 494 079, Fax: + 220 - 496 513, E-mail: mschim@mrc.gm
Background: In 1995 Travers et al. described a 70% protective effect of HIV-2 infection against subsequent HIV-1 infection in a cohort study of Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) in Dakar ( Senegal ). Four subsequent studies of other groups could not confirm this finding. We examined this putative effect in a community-base
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2085)
Leon-Ponte M, Chinea M, Noya O, Bianco N, Echeverria G; M. Leon-Ponte, Institute of Immunology, AEROCAV 1216, P.O. Box 25304, Miami, FL 33102-5304, United States, Tel.: +1 582 693 4767, Fax: +1 582 693 2734, E-mail: glperez@cantv.net
Objectives: To define HLA-linked susceptibility to HTLV-II infection among two endemically infected Venezuelan Amerindian tribes, the Guahibo and the Yaruro. Methods: DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 58 Guahibo and 23 Yaruro individuals. SK110/SK111 PCR-oligomer restriction (OR) assay was
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2086)
Alfonso-Nunez R, Tassinari P, Cavazza ME, Correnti M, Amair R, Roman R, Gil L, Briceno H, Kouris E; R. Alfonso-Nunez, Hopital de Clinicas Caracas, Edif anexo, Consultorio 1100, Ave Panteon, San Bernardino, Caracas 1011, Venezuela, Tel.: +58 2 508 62 45, Fax: +58 2 978 46 08, E-mail: ricalf@cantv.net
Objective: To evaluate the association between lymphocyte CD4 count, plasma viral load and the presence of HPV in the perianal area of HIV infected patients. Materials: Eighteen men with a diagnosis of HIV infection were evaluated, after physical and anorectal evaluation, samples of the anal and perianal tissue were o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2087)
Enzama R, Tugume S, Kityo C, Mugyenyi P; R. Enzama, Joint Clinical Research Center, PO Box 10005, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 270 622, Fax: +256 41 342 632, E-mail: jcrc@starcom.co.ug
Introdution: Many people in Uganda do not know their HIV status due to unavailability and inaccessibility to HIV testing facilities, and also delays in obtaining results, and yet this could be an important intervention in controlling HIV infection. The JCRC is a research institution which offers HIV screening for vari
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2088)
Mpairwe B; B. Mpairwe, PO Box 663, Kampala 041, Uganda, Tel.: +256 077 41 27 86
Objectives: To determine the cost effectiveness and level of accuracy of a Rapid/Capillus HIV test in both rural and semi urban setting, assess its impact on test turn around time and proportion of patients post test counselled. Method: Prospective comparison of two testing strategies namely the Rapid/Capillus test and
Background: Rapid sreening technology for HIV have gained in popularity in recent years, but methods to confirm infection remain expensive, dependent on expensive instrumentation, and are time consuming. To offer extended services to the Zambian Rural Settings, simple and rapid diagnostic methods are required especiall
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2090)
Urassa W, Nozohour S, Karama K, Sufi F, Mhalu G, Biberfeld G; W. Urassa, Muhimbili Medical Centre, PO Box 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tel.: +255 51 150 300, Fax: +255 51 153 050, E-mail: wurassa@muchs.ac.tz
Objective: To evaluate simple rapid HIV antibody detection assays in order to formulate an alternative confirmatory strategy in the diagnosis of HIV infection to be considered for use in primary health care laboratories. Methods: A total 1111 fresh serum samples obtained from blood donors, antenatal clinic attendees, a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2091)
Sauer G, Brand T, Bester R, Beggs M, Arai HX, Janse van Rensburg E; G. Sauer, Abbott Laboratories S.A., Diagnostic Division, PO Box 1616, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 919 03 30, Fax: +27 21 919 03 31
Background: The Determine HIV -1/2 assay is a visually read, rapid immuno-chromatographic test for the qualitative detection of antibodies to HIV-1/2 in human serum, plasma, or whole blood. In this study the assay was evaluated by testing routine serum samples from Tygerberg Academic Hospital. Methods: A total of 600 r
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2092)
Polsky B, Povolotsky J, Baron P, Liu KN; B. Polsky, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, Dept of Medicine/Clark 7, New York, NY 10025, United States, Tel.: +212-523-2525, Fax: +212-523-3931, E-mail: bpolsky@slrhc.org
Background: HIV-1 p24 antigen (Ag) immobilized by immune-complexing with p24 monoclonal antibody can be used as a highly specific and sensitive target for detection of HIV-1 p24 antibody (Ab) In this study, we were able to detect HIV-1 infection in 100% of infected patients by simultaneous detection of HIV-1 p24 Ab in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2093)
Chohan B, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Kreiss J, Bwayo J, Ndinya-Achola J, Martin H; B. Chohan, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 91276, Mombasa, KENYA, Kenya, Tel.: 254-11-228827, Fax: 254-11-474055, E-mail: llavreys@africaonline.co.ke
Background: To evaluate the performance of a saliva collection device (OmniSal trade mark) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) designed for use on serum samples (Detect HIV1/2R) to detect HIV-1 antibodies in the saliva of high risk cohort of women in Mombasa, Kenya . Methods: Paired serum and saliva samples
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2094)
Phili R, Vardas E; R. Phili, South African Medical Research Council, 296 Umbilo Road, 4001 Durban, South Africa, Tel.: +273 120 207 77, Fax: +273 120 209 50, E-mail: philir@mrc.ac.za
Background: Rapid HIV testing can result in improved patient care and faster implementation of public health preventative measures.Rapid testing has advantages such as low cost, simplicity of testing, no specialised equipment or ancillary supplies required and results are read visually. This study is to establish wheth
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2095)
Dinat N, Rayfield M, Smith DK, Towindo T, Nkala B, McIntyre J, Rees H, Mqoqi N; N. Dinat, Reproductive Health Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box Bertsham 2013, South Africa, Tel.: +27 0 11 933 1228, Fax: +27 0 11 933 1227, E-mail: Natalya@obs.co.za
Background: Accurate, simple methods are urgently needed for HIV testing in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the use of whole blood tests performed by nurses in the field in a peri-urban South African township with high rates of clade C HIV-1 infection. Methods: Sexually active, non-pregnant women being screened
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2096)
Mink R, Burgess-Cassler T, Lauer A, Carr S, McGrath B, Peck R, Fender S, Beck D, George JR; R. Mink, Epitope Inc., 8505 S.W. Creekside Place, Beaverton OR 97008, United States, Tel.: +503-641-6115, Fax: +503-643-2781, E-mail: rmink@epitopeinc.com
A simple, rapid, accurate HIV screening test usable by individuals with limited training or facilities is highly desirable. Additionally, tests using non-invasive samples such as oral fluid are often preferred due to ease of use, willingness by subjects to collect samples, and reduced biohazard risk to health workers.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2097)
Kendrick S, Kroc K, Smith KY, Lubin B, Rydman RJ, Branson B, Withum D, Weinstein RA; S. Kendrick, The Core Center, Cook County Hospital, 2020 West Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States, Tel.: +1 312 572 4710, Fax: +1 312 572 4719, E-mail: skendric@rush.edu
Background: Identifying patients with early HIV disease and starting treatment is important. Use of accurate, rapid tests for diagnosis of HIV infection may enhance testing programs by preventing delayed counseling, by providing preliminary results to HIV infected patients and by hastening their entry into care. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2098)
Malonza I, Kreiss J, Richardson B, Bwayo J, John G; I. Malonza, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19955,, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 027 148 51, E-mail: matmal@ratn.org
Objective: Interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 require the provision of voluntary HIV-1 counseling and testing in antenatal clinics in order to identify pregnant HIV-1 infected women. Using conventional HIV-1 testing, many women do not return for results. We examined whether rapid HIV-1 testin
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2099)
Aidoo S, Ampofo W, Brandfuli J, Koichi I; S. Aidoo, Noguchi memorial Institute for Medical Research, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, PO BOX LG 581, LEGON, GHANA., Ghana, Tel.: +233-21-501178/9, Fax: +233-21-502182, E-mail: saidoo@noguchi.mimcom.net
Background: In West African countries South of the Sahara such as Ghana , the rapid increase of new HIV infections gives top priority to improved testing for HIV in the fight against AIDS. Introduction of simple, rapid, highly sensitive/specific and cost-effective test for the detection of anti-HIV antibodies would en
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2100)
Kitson-Piggott W, Wilson V; W. Kitson-Piggott, Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC/PAHO/WHO), 16-18 Jamaica Boulevard, Federation Park, Port of Spain, Trinidad And Tobago, Tel.: +1 868 622 2153, Fax: +1 868 622 9585, E-mail: piggotwe@carec.paho.org
Issue: In 1994 The Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC) serving 21 member countries (CMCs) in the Caribbean, planned to advocate for the use of combinations of simple and/or rapid assays for HIV confirmation in member countries. Two major issues arose: First, the risk of unreliable results given easier access to and w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2101)
Thomas S, Blair A, Corbie-Smith G, Mohanan S, Williams M, del Rio C; S. Thomas, 1518 Clifton Rd. N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States, Tel.: +1-800-401-75-80, Fax: +919-933-59-53, E-mail: thomas@sph.emory.edu
Background: HIV testing and counseling is a critical step toward early detection and treatment. However, clinicians practicing in high risk settings fail to obtain a sex or drug use history. CDC estimates that among Americans tested for HIV, 25% who are HIV positive and 33% who are negative do not return for results.
Background: An accurate and inexpensive HIV testing algorithm is required to meet the needs of patients in developing countries. We compared the rapid AD HIV-1/2 assay with the OTV standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of HIV antibody to determine an appropriate testing algorithm using these two screening tes
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2103)
Ansaldi F, Fulgheri M, Ciucci A, Garbarino E, Argentiere A, Picasso M, Nigro N; F. Ansaldi, Dept. of Health Sciences - Univ. of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16100, Genoa, Italy, Tel.: +39 103 538 523, Fax: +39 108 407, E-mail: icardi@csita.unige.it
Aim: Capillus HIV1/2 (Cambridge Biotech, Ireland ) is a rapid latex agglutination test kit for detection of human antibodies to HIV1 and HIV2 in serum or plasma. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of the Capillus assay. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the sensibility and the specificity of the Ca
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2104)
Peralta L, Constantine N, Griffin B, Martin L, Ghalib K; L. Peralta, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, School of Nursing, Suite 311, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States, Tel.: +1 410 328 54 64, Fax: +1 410 706 01 31, E-mail: lperalta@som.umaryland.edu
Background: To determine youth preferences for FDA approved and investigational HIV antibody testing methods before and after learning about the result response times of each test and to determine how influential result turn around times were on their choice. Methods: Health educators held health education sessions for
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2105)
Mayaud P, Cook K, Demba E, West B, Ekpo G, Scherf C, Morison L, Walraven G; P. Mayaud, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel street,, London WC1E 7HT,, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 927 2291, Fax: +44 171 637 4314, E-mail: philippe.mayaud@lshtm.ac.uk
Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) could increase susceptibility to HIV, but is not currently diagnosed in many developing country (DC) settings owing to the lack of practical, affordable and reliable methods of diagnosis. Objective: to evaluate the performance of a new commercial rapid diagnostic test kit for BV in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2106)
Awazu B, Abeti E, Ewang L, Ghogomu N, Asobo G, Kvotong R, Shang J, Zekeng L; B. Awazu, Labo de Sante Hygiene Mobile, PO Box 30254, Cameroon
Objective: To evaluate the performance of the rapid immunochromatoghraphic test, Determine HIV 1/2(tm) ( Abbott Laboratories ) in Cameroon . Method: Our target population were adults and pregnant women (PW) at health centres. After verbal consent, basic socio-dermographic information was obtained.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2107)
Thaver G, Moodley D, Moodley J, Ngubane B, Boehringe I; G. Thaver, University of Natal, Private Bag #7 Congrella, Durban 4013, South Africa, Tel.: +273 126 044 32, Fax: +273 126 042 41, E-mail: moodleyj@med.und.ac.za
Background: To evaluate the reliability of two rapid HIV antibody tests for use in the antenatal clinic and labour ward. In preparation for the use of short course antiretroviral therapy, particularly in pregnant women who first attend the antenatal clinic late in pregnancy and during labour, the choice of a simple, r
Background: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of recently developed rapid HIV tests which can be performed within 15-20 minutes on whole blood by persons with minimal technical training. Methods: Four recently developed rapid tests were performed on specimens obtained by fingerstick and venipuncture from 341
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2109)
Marum E, Barnaba A, Rayfield M, Campbell C, Dillon B, Fridlund C, Msowoya K; E. Marum, Private Bag 240, Blantyre, Malawi, Tel.: +265 835 390, Fax: +265 624-980, E-mail: emarum@malawi.net
Background: The Malawi AIDS Counseling and Resource Organisation (MACRO) has been providing voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) since 1992, and now operates centres in Malawi s two largest cities, Lilongwe and Blantyre. A standard counseling protocol involving a discouraging wait for two weeks for results has been
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2110)
Zhong P, Qiang LY, Lin XD, Shen TQ, Shao YM; P. Zhong, Shanghai institute o biologigal products, 12 62 yan an road, Shanghai 20 00 52, China, Tel.: +86 21 62 803 31 89, Fax: +86 21 628 01 807, E-mail: pzhongc@online.sh.cn
Background: To better understand the quality of the commercialized anti-HIV-1/2 screening kits used in China , which have been widely used for screening the blood donors in China for several years. Methods: Fifteen HIV confirmatory laboratories in China were appointed to evaluate anti-HIV-1/2 screening kits. 18 differe
Background: To describe the features of a new combined HIV antigen / antibody screening assay Enzygnost HIV Integral and to compare sensitivity and specificity with Anti-HIV screening assays. Methods: The assay consists of a solid phase (microtitration plate coated with recombinant gp41 antigens, a synthetic peptide an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2112)
Fessel J, Salas VM, Silberman SR, Kabat WJ, White JM, Follansbee SE, Young TP, Hallowitz RA; J. Fessel, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, HIV Clinical Trials Unit, 4141 Geary Boulevard, Suite 219, San Francisco, California 94118, United States, Tel.: +1 415 202 3480, Fax: +1 415 202 3483, E-mail: jeffrey.fessel@kp.org
Purpose. To report results and correlates of an assay for gp120-expressing PBMC. Methods: PBMC are incubated with labeled monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein, the labeled cells counted in a flow cytometer, and the number of gp120 positive PBMC (i.e., productively infected) is stated as a percenta
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2113)
Campbell WF, Tau KR, Michel-Treil VP, Hutchinson E; W.F. Campbell, Covance Central Laboratory Services, 8211 SciCor Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46214, United States, Tel.: 317-273-7805, Fax: 317-273-7990, E-mail: bill.campbell@covance.com
Background: HIV-1 plasma Viral Load determination is the marker of choice to assess efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS clinical trials. Several PCR method formats have be developed to extend the range of quantifiable RNA copy numbers (Roche Amplicor Standard and Ultrasensitive) and to identify non-B HIV-1 subty
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2114)
Holm-Hansen C, Haugen IL, Sannes M, Sorensen B, Willemsen H, Flaaten G, Kjendli JT, Haneberg B; C. Holm-Hansen, National Institute of Public Health, Geitmyrsveien 75, PO Box 4404 Torshov, N-0403 Oslo, Norway, Tel.: +47 220 422 83; +47 220 422 86, Fax: +47 22042447, E-mail: carol.holm-hansen@folkehelsa.no
Background: Antibodies to HIV can be detected in saliva with sensitivities and specificities equivalent to those obtained with blood. However, most oral fluid collection devices are expensive. Recently, a new device (MucoSafe TM) was designed for the collection and preparation of saliva samples. Antibodies in air-dried
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2115)
Arroz M, Gaiao G, Pinto L, Costa L, Ordway D, Camacho R, Vera J, Ventura F; M. Arroz, Hospital Egas Moniz, Rua Da Junqueira, 126, 1349-019, Lisbon, Portugal, Tel.: +351 21 365 03 18, Fax: +351 21 362 49 96, E-mail: mjarroz@mail.telepac.pt
Background: Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a marker of chronic immune activation in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. The aim of this study was to assess the median CD38 AB/C values for a control group of 13 HIV negative individuals and 55 HIV positive patients and to establish a correlation with CD
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2116)
Sarge-Njie R, Schim van der Loeff M, Ceesay S, Sabally S, Blanchard T, Cubitt D, Whittle H; R. Sarge-Njie, Medical Research Council, MRC Laboratories, Fajara, PO Box 220, Banjul, Gambia, Tel.: +220 495 442 Ext. 408/325, Fax: +220 496 513, E-mail: rnjie@mrc.com
Background: Intense interest in estimating the prevalence of HIV infections in the general population arose in the late 80 s in The Gambia , when the 1st case was discovered in 1986. Screening of the general population was done in 1988 & 1991, followed by the study of a mother-to-child transmission in 1993ndash;95.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2117)
Holmes H, Davis C, Heath A, Hewlett I, Lelie N; H. Holmes, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, S Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QG, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 1707 65 47 53, Fax: +44 1707 64 98 65, E-mail: hholmes@nibsc.ac.uk
Background: Nucleic acid-based techniques (NAT) such as PCR are being increasingly used for HIV diagnosis and patient management. There use for blood and blood product safety is also under active consideration. At present, there are no internationally accepted standards with a defined value for calibrating working reag
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2118)
Calvet G, Joao EC, Ceci L, Nobrega IC, Cruz ML, Menezes J; G. Calvet, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, Rua Antonio Baslio 519/702, Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil, Tel.: +55 2 1570 2615, Fax: +55 2 1518 1594, E-mail: calvet@domain.com.br
In Brazil , qualitative HIV RNA or DNA assays have not yet been standardized for the diagnosis of perinatally HIV-exposed infants. HIV RNA viral load(VL) testing is available at public health units for follow up of HIV infected patients and often times clinicians use VL measurements for early diagnosis of HIV exposed
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2119)
Nowicki M, Benning L, Meyer W, Hanson C, Kovacs A, Weiser B, Bremer J; M. Nowicki, University of Southern California, 1801 E. Marengo Street, GLB 2G11, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States, Tel.: +1 323 226 4161, Fax: +1 323 226 4168, E-mail: marek@usc.edu
Background: 50% of subjects in WIHS have viral load > 103 cps/ml. Treatment reevaluation and resistance testing are initiated when the patient s HIV load changes by ³ 0.5 log. Assay variability in patient viral load fluctuations is poorly understood at that level. Verification of manufacturer claims is needed in a l
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2120)
Scholtz CL, Zeier M, Engelbrecht S, Van Rensburg EJ, Kotze MJ; C.L. Scholtz, University of Stellenbosch, Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7500, South Africa, Tel.: + 27 21 938 9103, Fax: + 27 21 931 7810, E-mail: cs@gerga.sun.ac.za
Background: Apart from its well recognised role in lipid transport, recent data supports the concept that lipoproteins play an important role in innate immunity. Infection and inflammation induce various metabolic changes which is mediated by cytokines. Regulation by cytokines occur primarily at the level of gene trans
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2121)
Bastos FI; F.I. Bastos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, Biblioteca de Manguinhos 209, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brasil , Fax: +55 21 270 2668, E-mail: bastos@fiocruz.br
Background: To evaluate the Seradyn Sentinel HIV-1 Urine EIA (U-EIA) in patients with known HIV status and to test its applicability for the screening of drug users with unknown HIV status attending a clinic for treatment of chemical dependence. Methods: Serum and urine was collected from 128 patients with known HIV st
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2122)
Mital D, St. John J, Tomlinson MJ, Taylor S, Omrani A, White D; D. Mital, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Hawthorn House, Bordeseley Green East, Birmingham, B9 5SS, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 121 766 6611, E-mail: dmital@hawthorn.co.uk
Aims: A prospective study of semen quality and semen mtDNA analysis in a HIV-1 positive man commencing highly active anti-retroviral therapy(HAART). Methods: Multiple semen samples were produced prior to starting HAART and at 6 monthly intervals thereafter. Semen was produced and analysed within one hour of production.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2123)
Mallen M, Oates CW, Veselenak RL II, Pappas TC, Ballas C, Pollard RB; M. Mallen, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0835, United States, Tel.: +409-747-2044, Fax: +409-772-6527, E-mail: mmallen@utmb.edu
The effects of time and temperature on the stability of HIV RNA in blood collection tubes are important in situations where blood processing and testing cannot be accomplished on site or where limited resources pose shipping concerns. PPT (tm) tubes were used to examine stability of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels over 1, 3 an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2124)
Bouzas MB, Gun A, Kaufman S, Cahn P; M. B. Bouzas, Fundacion Huesped, Gascon 79, (1181)Buenos Aires, Argentina, Argentina, Tel.: +5411-4983-7774, Fax: +5411-4723-6295, E-mail: retrobel@hotmail.com
Introduction: The branched DNA hybridization assay has been improved by the inclusion of novel nucleotides. This new assay (bDNA 3.0) has a quantitation dynamic range of 50-500000 copies/ml, in comparison to the previuos bDNA 2.0 which quantified between 500-800000 copies/ml. Objective: To determine the biologic and in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2125)
Van de Wiel P, Top B, Weusten J, Oosterlaken T; P. Van de Wiel, Organon Teknika BV, Dept. Nucleic Acid Diagnostics, Boseind 15, NL-5281 RM Boxtel, Netherlands, Tel.: +31 411 654 316, Fax: +31 411 654 311, E-mail: p.vandewiel@teknika.btl.akzonobel.nl
A new assay for quantification of HIV-1 RNA was developed by combining the NucliSens system with homogeneous molecular beacon detection. Molecular beacons are nucleic acid probes with a quenched fluorophore that undergo a conformational change upon binding to a target sequence. This results in an increase in fluorescen
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2126)
de Mendoza C, Sainz M, Machuca A, Soriano V; C. de Mendoza, Hospital Carlos III, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 10, 28029 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34914532661, Fax: +34917336614, E-mail: cmendoza@teleline.es
Background: Current plasma viral load quantitative assays have been optimized for measuring HIV-1 subtype B infections. However, their sensitivity in specimens from patients carrying other HIV-1 variants is often inadequate. Methods: We have assessed the performance of a new QC-PCR test (LCx, Abbott) for the quantitati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2127)
Nicolas J-C, Desire N, Dehee A, Schneider V, Jacomet C, Goujon C, Girard P-M; J.-C. Nicolas, Rothschild Hospital, service de Virologie, Hopital Rothschild, 33 Bd de Picpus, 75012 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 40 19 34 33, Fax: 33 1 40 19 33 35, E-mail: a.dehee@trs-ap-hop-paris.fr
Background: Proviral HIV1 DNA could be a useful marker to explore viral reservoirs and monitor antiretroviral treatment, particularly in cases where plasma HIV1 RNA levels are undetectable. We have developed a new technique to quantify the HIV1 proviral load using a real-time TaqMan PCR assay. Methods: Proviral HIV1 lo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2128)
Zapiola I, Fernandez Giuliano S, Wainstein C, Multare S, Masciotra S, Livellara B, Bouzas MB; I. Zapiola, Unidad de Virologia Hospital "F. J. Mu±iz", Terrero 1413, 1642 San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4723 6295, Fax: +54 11 4723 6295, E-mail: retrobel@hotmail.com
Introduction: Previous reports have shown that AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITORTM 1.0 is unable to quantitate accurately the RNA of some non-B subtypes of HIV-1, specially regarding subtype A and E. In contrast, it has recently been published that version 1.5 quantified efficiently HIV loads for all HIV-1 subtypes among referenc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2129)
Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Liitsola K, Suni J, Smolskaja T, Leinikki P, Salminen M; H. Brummer-Korvenkontio, National Public Health Institute, HIV-laboratory, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland, Tel.: +358 9 474 484 55, Fax: +358 9 474 484 61, E-mail: henrikki.brummer@ktl.fi
Background: In HIV-1 infection, viral load monitoring is a standard clinical management tool. Recommendations to start or to change antiretroviral therapy are based on changes in the patients viral load. At the moment there are three different commercially available quantitative tests to measure HIV-load in plasma. Two
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2130)
Medeiros R, Munerato P, Diaz R; R. Medeiros, UNIFESP, R. Pedro de Toledo, 781, 16a., Brazil, Tel.: +55 570 82 26, Fax: +55 570 82 26, E-mail: roseporto@uol.com.br
Objective: To evaluate the correlation of HIV-1 viral load in peripheral blood plasma and seminal fluid in infected men under HAART. Methods: Peripheral - blood and semen samples were obtained from 30 HIV-1 infected men under HAART with detectable HIV-1-RNA in blood plasma. Samples were analysed using Nuclisens assay w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2131)
Johnston E, Fenn E, Katzenstein D; E. Johnston, Stanford University, S-156 SUMC, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94035-5107, United States, Tel.: +650-498-50-63, Fax: +650-498-70-71, E-mail: betsyj@leland.stanford.edu
Objective: To evaluate target capture, a novel specimen processing method used in the Gen-Probe HIV-1 Viral Load Assay, to remove potential amplification interferents. Subtype C isolates and clinical samples from Zimbabwe were tested Methods: Potential or known interferents such as calcium, heparin, and hemoglobin, we
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2132)
de Souza M, Khannapho C, Trichavaroj R, Nitayaphan S, Buapunth P, Birx D, McNeil J, Brown A; M. de Souza, Henry M. Jackson Foundation/AFIRMS, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Tel.: +66-2-644-4888/ext 1515, Fax: +66-2-644-4824, E-mail: mdesouza@hiv.hjf.org
Background: In our laboratory in Thailand , it was observed that the isolation rate from subtype E-infected individuals was significantly lower than that from HIV subtype B. The impact of CD8 depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the infected subject and the role of the seronegative donor mitogen-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2133)
Tau KR, Witty DS, Guinchard B, Michel-Treil V, Campbell WF;;; K. R. Tau, Covance CLS, 8211 SciCor Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46214-2985, United States, Tel.: +1 317 273 79 39, Fax: +1 317 273 79 90, E-mail: kim.tau@covance.com
As clinical trials continue to examine therapies which drive the plasma viral load to undetectable levels, other reservoirs of HIV-1 are of potential importance in determination of efficacy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are an important reservoir of HIV-1 proviral DNA and viral RNA. Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2134)
Saul J, Peters B, Kulasegaram R, Sabin C, Erwin J; J. Saul, St Thomas' Hospital, Harrison Wing, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171928 9292 ext. 1697, Fax: +44 171 922 8332, E-mail: ranjababu@umds.demon.co.uk
Objectives: To examine ethnicity, gender and risk factor differences in initial viral load measures in HIV-1 seropositive patients with and without AIDS in London. Methods: Cross sectional study of 322 HIV-1 seropositive patients. HIV-1 RNA was measured by Chiron Quantiplex HIV RNA 2.0 or 3.0 assay in blood samples tak
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeA2135)
Eastman D, Sheppard HW, Dondero D, Ivanoff R, Ackers M, McDougal S, Parekh B, La-Ong S, Berman PW; D. Eastman, VaxGen, Inc., 1000 Marina Blvd, Suite 200, Brisbane, CA 94005-1841, United States, Tel.: +1 650 624 2410, Fax: +1 650 624 2401, E-mail: deastman@vaxgen.com
Backgrounds: One major concern in HIV-1 vaccine trials is the possibility that vaccinated volunteers will test falsely positive in clinical assays for HIV infection on the basis of antibodies induced by vaccine antigen. Historically, the risk for false-positivity in studies using gp120 vaccines was low, since few assay
Background: Cofactors in HIV-related disease progression remain poorly understood. Potential role of CMV in the pathogenesis of HIV infection remains to be elucidated. Objective: To determine the relationship between CMV DNA levels in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL), progression HIV-infection and survival in patients
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2137)
Casseb J, Orrico G, Feijo R, Guaracy L, Medeiros L; J. Casseb, Institute de Infectologia "Emilio Ribas", Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 Sala 2345, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil, Tel.: +55 11 306 671 93, Fax: +55 11 881 71 93, E-mail: j31@hotmail.com
Introduction: Since November 1996, the Brazilian government has been provided public access to the combined anti-HIV therapy, since then, over 50000 AIDS patients have been used it across the country. Major impact has been noted decreasing morbidity and mortality in developed countries which have adopted it. In study,
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2138)
Gochitashvili N, Tsertsvadze T, Shartava T, Sharvadze L, Amurvelashvili M; N. Gochitashvili, AIDS & Clinical Immunology Research Center, 16 Al. Kazbegi Ave, Tbilisi 380060, Georgia, Tel.: +995 32 33 09 63, Fax: +995 32 94 16 68, E-mail: ninogochi@hotmail.com
Background: To evaluate prevalence of anaemia in HIV infected patients, its correlation with HIV disease stage and to determine the prognostic value of the haemoglobin level, CD4 count and viral load in HIV infected patients. Methods: Prospective 12 months follow-up study has been conducted. A total of 64 antiretrovira
Objective: To assess the impact of HCV infection on clinical progression and on survival of HIV+ subjects in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: 2766 subjects followed in the SHCS and starting potent ART between 01/01/95 and 03/31/99 were included. Baseline data and medians were compared using chi-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2140)
Veronese Rodrigues MD, Romeo E, Castro Figueiredo JF, Vieira de Souza N, Saloum Deghaide N, Bezerra de Menezes M, Costa Passos AD, Donadi EA; M.D.L. Veronese Rodrigues, Fac.Med.Ribeirao Preto, Tamoios, 262, ap.101, 14020-700- Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil, Tel.: +55-16 633 0186, Fax: +55 16 633 1144, E-mail: mdlvrodr@fmrp.usp.br
Background: Different researchers related association between cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV-R) in patients with aids and HLA antigens, but the studies were carried out using only HIV negatives controls. Then, the authors decided to evaluate the association of HLA class I (HLA-A and HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DRB1 and DQ
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2141)
Castro Figueiredo JF, de L. Veronese Rodrigues Ma, Costa Passos AD, Saloum Deghaide N, Romeo E, Tokunaga NC, Donadi EA; J.F. Castro Figueiredo, Fac.Med.Ribeirao Preto (FMRP-USP), Rua Guaranta, 64, J.Recreio - 14040-190, Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 6022 468, Fax: +55 16 633 1144, E-mail: jfcfigue@fmrp.usp.br
Background: Previous works have shown that genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) might influence resistance and susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection. In order to analyze HLA class I and class II specificity frequencies in patients with aids and neurotoxoplasmosis (NT), a total of 80 Brazilian
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2142)
Donadi EA, Castro Figueiredo JF, Saloum Deghaide N, Costa Passos AD, de L. Veronese Rodrigues M; E.A. Donadi, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 633 0436, Fax: +55 16 633 6695, E-mail: eadonadi@fmrp.usp.br
Background: It was reported that certain HLA genes are associated with aids progression. The objective of this study is to analyze HLA class I and class II specificity frequencies according to viral load in patients with aids. Methods: We studied 27 caucasian Brazilian patients, before the administration of antiretrovi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2143)
Collier A, Kalish L, Bush M, Gernsheimer T, Assmann S; A. Collier, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center Box 359929, Seattle WA 98104, United States, Tel.: 206/731-3293, Fax: 206/731-3483, E-mail: acollier@u.washington.edu
Background: Previous data have suggested that allogeneic blood transfusion results in immune activation, presumably from associated WBCs, and that a short-term increase in HIV RNA occurs after transfusion. Retrospective studies suggest that RBC transfusion adversely affects the clinical course of HIV. Methods: NHLBI-sp
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2144)
Campa A, Miguez-Burbano M-J, Shor-Posner G, Lecusay R, Page JB, Rodriguez A, Ruiz P, Gutierrez R, O'Mellan S, Comerford S, Baum MK; A. Campa, University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1400 NW 10th Ave (D21), Miami, FL 33136, United States, Tel.: +1 305 243 4072, Fax: +1 305 243 4687, E-mail: acampa@netscape.net
Background: Low levels of total cholesterol have been reported in early HIV-1 infection and were associated with altered immune function. This study evaluated the prevalence of hypocholesterolemia in HIV-1 infected drug users in the HAART era. Methods: Sociodemographic information, medical history including antiretrovi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2145)
Shor-Posner G, Lecusay R, Miguez-Burbano M-J, Wilkie F, Quesada J, Rincon H, Baum MK; G. Shor-Posner, University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1400 NW 10th Ave (D21), Miami, FL 33136, United States, Tel.: +1 305 243 4072, Fax: +1 305 243 4687, E-mail: gshor@med.miami.edu
Background: Assessment of mental function in HIV+ drug users poses a unique challenge due to the difficulty in differentiating between the neuropsychological consequences of drug use and HIV. Methods: The relationship of drug use, HIV status, and mental performance, assessed by the Folstein Mini-mental State Examinatio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2146)
Perez-Then E, Campa A, Miguez-Burbano M-J, Shor-Posner G, Lecusay R, Rodriguez A, Page JB, Ruiz P, Baum MK; E. Perez-Then, Clinica Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral, Robert Reid Cabral Hospital, Av Independencia #2 Abraham Lincoln, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Tel.: +809 533 5373, Fax: +809 532 6450, E-mail: i.cenismi@codetel.net.do
Background: Obesity has been significantly associated with better survival in HIV+ drug users. This study investigated the impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) on this relationship. Methods: In a Miami research clinic, 89 consecutive HIV+ drug abusers were evaluated after obtaining consent. Underwei
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2147)
Vilar FJ, Khoo SH, Wilkins EG, Pirmohamed M, Park BK; F.J. Vilar, North Manchester General Hospital, Delauneys Road, Manchester M21 8XB, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 161 795 4567, Fax: +44 161 720 2562, E-mail: javi@doctors.org.uk
Background: The rate progression to AIDS differs markedly between HIV-positive individuals, being influenced by different factors, including immunological (host T-cell response) and virological factors. Some patients follow a very rapid disease course (fast progressors), whilst others maintain good levels of immunity
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2148)
Hoffman-Terry M, Smith A, Badillo K, Wasser T; M. Hoffman-Terry, Lehigh Valley Hospital, 17th and Chew Streets, Allentown PA 18104, United States, Tel.: +1 610 402 2400, Fax: +1 610 402 6627, E-mail: margaret.terry@lvh.com
Background: Recent studies have examined the possibility of an increased risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis C taking nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and protease inhibitor(PI) containing(HAART) for HIV. Relatively sparse data examining the hepatotoxicity associated with newer H
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2149)
Mehendale S, Divekar A, Bollinger R, Shepherd M, Brookmeyer R, Semba R, Gangakhedkar R, Joshi S, Risbud A, Paranjape R, Gadkari D; S. Mehendale, National AIDS Research Institute, G-73, MIDC, Bhosari, PB# 1895, Pune - 411 026, India, Tel.: +91 20 712 13 42/43, Fax: +91 20 712 10 71, E-mail: SanjayMehendale@yahoo.com
Background: Low vitamin A and carotenoid levels have been associated with HIV-infection, AIDS and HIV transmission from mother to infant. Low vitamin A and carotenoid levels could increase the risk of sexual HIV acquisition due to alternations in genital mucosal epithelium and/or immunologic dysfunction. We addressed t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2150)
De larranaga G, Petroni A, Deluchi G, Alonso B, Benetucci J; G. De larranaga, Aristobulo Del Valle 1841, 1744 Moreno, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4514 9370, Fax: +54 11 4855 4142, E-mail: gabyl@infovia.com.ar
Background: Endothelial cell injury could play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and the inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis. During HIV infection the endothelium (E) is under the influence of cytokines, different antigens and oxidative stress. Aim: measure von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2153)
Narouz N, Allan PS; N. Narouz, Department of GU Medicine, Coventry & Warwickshire Hospital, Stoney Stanton Road, Coventry, West Midlands. CV1 4FH, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 02 476 224 055, Fax: +44 02 476 844 199, E-mail: allan@ukgateway.net
Background: Genital herpes infection is the commonest cause of genital ulceration in the developed countries. The risk of HIV transmission is increased in individuals with genital ulcer diseases, indeed, genital herpes infection preceded the HIV epidemic. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2154)
Bourgeois A, Torimiro N, Mbuagbaw J, Zekeng L, Henzel D, Peeters M, Delaporte E, Mpoudi-Ngole E; A. Bourgeois, PRESICA/IRD, Laboratoire Retrovirus, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, P.O Box 5045, 34032 Montpellier CDX 1, France, Tel.: +33 467 416 297, Fax: +33 467 619 450, E-mail: martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr
Background: In Cameroon all known HIV-1 groups and subtypes cocirculate. The results of different studies on the impact of HIV diversity on pathogenesis are contreversial.To adress whether infection with a particular subtype is associated with differences in disease stage (progression) a prospective cohort study was s
Background: HIV infection can lead to a disequilibrium of cytokine network, with a TH2 type prevalence associated with a more rapid progression; we know that IL-4 is a marker of TH2, with possible overproduction of IgE and subsequent atopy. Few clinical data exist on atopy and allergic status of HIV positive patients.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2156)
Pappagallo M, Boros S, Valdarchi C, Sinicco A, Zaccarelli M, Pezzotti P, Rezza G; M. Pappagallo, Istituto Superiore di Sanite, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy, Tel.: +39 06 499 03 187, Fax: +39 06 4938 7210, E-mail: marilena.pappagallo@iss.it
Background: To evaluate whether the duration of HIV infection influences the response to HAART. Methods: We studied 277 individuals who began HAART in the Italian Seroconversion Study, evaluating the immunologic and virologic response by determining changes in CD4 and log10 HIV-RNA, measured at start of therapy and fou
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2157)
Bentwich Z, Maayan S, Kalinkovich A, Borkow G, Wolday D, Landay A, Weisman Z; Z. Bentwich, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, AIDS Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Tel.: +972 8 944 1444, Fax: +972 941 0461, E-mail: bentwich@agri.huji.ac.il
Background: We have suggested that immune activation of the host is a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of AIDS in Africa and that helminth (HEL) infections are central to causing such activation (Immunol Today 16:187,1995; ibid 20:485,1999). The immigration of Ethiopians (ET) to Israel , universally infected wi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2158)
Holmes HK, Arendorf T; H. K. Holmes, PRIVATE BAG X08, MITCHELLS PLAIN, CAPE TOWN, 8001, South Africa, Tel.: +27216962341, Fax: +2721323250, E-mail: hholmes@uwc.ac.za
Background: Oral HIV/AIDS lesions such as oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) are related to variables such as mode of transmission and sexual practices, especially amongst homosexual individuals. The hypothesis that this also applies to heterosexual individuals who practice oro-genital was investiga
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2159)
Bakowska E, Stanczak J, Horban A; E. Bakowska, AIDS Diagnosis and Therapy Centre, 01-201 Warsaw, Wolska 37, Poland, Tel.: +48 22 632 2286, Fax: +48 22 632 2286, E-mail: bakowska@cdit-aids.med.pl
Background: A newly discovered hepatotropic DNA virus, Transfusion Transmitted Virus (TTV), has been reported as a causative agent viral hepatitis. The frequency of TTV infection of HIV-positive persons treated in AIDS Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Warsaw; and selected clinical implications, were examined. Methods: TT
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2160)
Jere C, Hoffman I, Stewart P, Kilaru R, Broadhead R, Molyneaux M, Hart CA, Cunliffe N, Fiscus S; C. Jere, University of North Carolina, UNC Hospitals, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, 101 Manning Dr. Rm 1035, west wing, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States, Tel.: +1 919 966 4053, E-mail: charles_jere@med.unc.edu
Objectives: To observe the effect of rotavirus infection in a cohort of HIV infected infants in Malawi . Methods: 58 HIV-infected children (determined by SeroCard and confirmed by ELISA and HIV DNA PCR) under 20 months of age with acute rotavirus diarrhea were tested for plasma HIV RNA using the NucliS
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2161)
Novello A, Bromley G, Birkhead G, Smith P; A. Novello, New York State Department of Health, c/o Perry F. Smith, MD, Room 503, Corning Tower, ESP, Albany, New York 12237, United States, Tel.: +1 518 474 10 55, Fax: +1 518 473 23 01, E-mail: pfs01@health.state.ny.us
Issues: Accurate HIV/AIDS surveillance information is necessary for tracking the epidemic and making policy and funding decisions. To date, the reporting of names of cases has proven most effective for reliably gathering unduplicated, complete surveillance information. However, because of privacy concerns, the use of n
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2162)
Rodriguez A, Miguez Burbano MJ, Shor Posner G, L Ecusay R, Ruiz P, Page JB, O'Mellan S, Comerford S, Perez E, Baum MK; A. Rodriguez, 1400 NW 10 Ave, 6th Floor (D2 1), Miami 33136, United States, Tel.: +1 305 243 4072, Fax: +1 305 243 4687
Background: Metabolic factors associated with increased cardiac risk, including hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia, have been commonly reported in HIV+ individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. Methods: HIV-infected drug users (n = 97) attending a research clinic were evaluated for viral load, CD4, glucose, pro
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2163)
Frederick S, Doonquah L, Delapenha R, McNeil J, Frederick W; S. Frederick, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W. RM5C-15, Washington D.C. 20060, United States, Tel.: +1 202 865 18 71, Fax: +1 202 865 19 49, E-mail: frederick_s@yahoo.com
Background: The recommendation to administer influenza (Flu) vaccine to HIV+ patients has not been universally accepted. The controversy surrounds the use of live vaccines in this population for fear of progression of AIDS. To evaluate this we immunized HIV+ and HIV-patients with FLUZONE 1999-2000. Methods: Patients we
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2164)
Beck M, Franz B, Goos M, Hengge UR; M. Beck, University of Essen, Dept of Dermatology, Labor Dr Hengge, Hufelandstreet 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, Tel.: +201 723 28 47, E-mail: ulrichhengge@uni-essen.de
Background: The different progression rate of HIV-infection between homosexual men and intravenous drug users (IVDU) enrolled in a methadone maintenance program can be analyzed with regard to opioid receptor (OR) saturation by methadone. Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), that is increasingly used together with HAART, also acts
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2165)
Singh S, Kumari V; S. Singh, E-66 Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Tel.: +91 11 652 84 84, Fax: +91 11 652 10 41, E-mail: ssingh56@hotmail.com
The commonest route of HIV-1 infection in India is heterosexual transmission. Though, there are varying reports of frequency of infection through receptive and insertive vaginal sex, to best of our knowledge no study is done on frequency of HIV transmission in Indian couples. Fifty HIV positive males and their female
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2166)
Carmena J, Alcaraz MJ, Perez B, Tolosa N, Monzon MS, Macia M, Jordan M; J. Carmena, C/ GASPAR AGUILAR nr90, 46017 VALENCIA, Spain, Tel.: +96 398 7559, E-mail: jcarmena@provicom.com
Background: The undetectable viral load (UVL) is the main objective of all treatments and how much more undetectable better prognosis, being influenced by previous treatments, the power of antiretroviral drugs, adherence of the treatment, absorption, side effects,drugs interaction, baseline viral load (VL)>60.000copies
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2167)
Arendt V; V. Arendt, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4, rue Barble, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Tel.: +352 441 130 91, Fax: +352-441 279, E-mail: arendt.vic@chl.lu
Aim: To evaluate the WHO screening algorithm for symptomatic HIV infection (Algo) in adults at the level of a primary health care facility (HC) in an urban african population in a high prevalence area in Nairobi, Kenya . TO test the performance of a simplified diagnostic tool in this setting. The Algo includes combinat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2168)
Roson B; B. Roson, Hospital de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Tel.: +34 932 607 667, Fax: +34 932 607 669, E-mail: broson@csub.scs.es
Objective: To evaluate the clinical course, emergence of opportunistic complications (OCs) and death in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients in the HAART era. Methods: From June 1996 to September 1998,118 HIV-infected pts with CD4 counts >100 cells/ml, were included in a prospective follow-up. Every 3 months
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2169)
Sherman G, Meyers T, Scott L, Glencross D, Tiemessen C, Kuhn L; G. Sherman, SA Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 488 3693, Fax: +27 11 489 8589, E-mail: gayles@mail.saimr.wits.ac.za
Background: Elevated CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells has been found to be a strong prognostic marker of disease progression to AIDS and death among HIV-infected adults. This study aimed to assess the value of CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells in an HIV infected paediatric population naive to antiretroviral therapy. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2170)
Santos SS, Ho YL, Yaqub Ibrahim K, Tapajos R; S.S. Santos, Hospital das clinicas-Sao Paulo, Brazil, Rua Jose Getulio, 310 Apto 21, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Tel.: +55 11 3341 1169, E-mail: ssigrid@hotmail.com
HIV infection is related to several conditions that need to be treated in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The majority of the ICU admissions are related to AIDS-defining conditions, with the mortality ranging from 39 to 91%. Several clinical factors are related to the outcome of AIDS patients in ICU. Objectives: The prim
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2171)
Greene JB, Sedorowitz M, Holzman RS, Handel JL, Felice JA; J.B. Greene, NYU School of Medicine, 317 E. 34th Street, Fourth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10016, United States, Tel.: +1 212 981 7230, Fax: +1 212 726 7452, E-mail: greenj09@med.nyu.edu
Background: When maximal viral suppression is the goal of HAART, drug regimens become complex and more toxic. The study objective was to seek differences in clinical course between patients whose HIV is maximally, and sub-maximally suppressed. Methods: A practice with 600 HIV patients has been part of a large observati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2172)
Sidenius N, Sier CF, Ullum H, Klarlund Pedersen B, Cozzi Lepri A, Blasi F, Eugen-Olsen J; N. Sidenius, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Lab Molecular Genetics, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy, Tel.: +39 2 264 347 58, Fax: +39 2 264 348 44, E-mail: n.sidenius@hsr.it
Background: HIV-1 infection results in up-regulation of cell-surface expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR/CD87) on leukocytes. We therefore investigated whether this upregulation was paralleled by higher serum levels of soluble uPAR (suPAR) in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease, and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2173)
Taylor N, Puren A, Meyers T, Spencer D, Miller S; N. Taylor, National Institute for Virology, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa, Tel.: +2711 321-4286, Fax: +2711 882-0596, E-mail: natashat@niv.ac.za
Background: In developed countries, long-term survival has been associated with genetic polymorphisms in HIV-1 coreceptors or their ligands, HLA, strong immune responses or attenuated viral strains. The aim of this study was to identify LTS in South Africa, a country with a rapidly expanding HIV-1 subtype C heterosexua
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2174)
Kruger M, Durandt C, Malfeld S, Kunneke M, Van Rensburg CE; M. Kruger, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Dept. of Paediatrics, Kalafong Hospital, Private Bag X396, Pretoria, South Africa, Tel.: +27 12 373 8041, Fax: +27 12 373 7977, E-mail: mariana@kalafong.up.ac.za
Objective: To determine the levels of activation markers on the CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes of HIV-1 infected African children versus 32 uninfected age matched controls. Patients: Before entering into the study, the 49 HIV-infected patients were divided, for comparison, into the following groups according to the CDC clas
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2175)
Van Rensburg CE, Durandt C, Malfeld S, Kruger M; C.E.J. Van Rensburg, Dept. of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Dept. of Immunology, Institute of Pathology, PO BOX 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Tel.: +27 12 319 2622, Fax: +27 12 323 0732, E-mail: cmedlen@postillion.up.ac.za
Objective: To determine the association between the level of expression of CD45RO and CD45RA markers and clinical staging according to the CDC classification in newly diagnosed HIV-infected children. Patients: The clinical staging of 49 newly diagnosed HIV-infected children, according to the CDC classification was as f
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2176)
Angeles MF, Dolores G, Salvador R, Jose M B, Silvia SR, Jesus RC, Juan Antonio L, Tomes RJ, Angeles MF; Munoz FernandezM Angeles, Hospital General Universitario, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 - Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 586 8565, Fax: +34 91 586 8018, E-mail: mmunoz@cbm.uam.es
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of different antiretroviral therapies (ART) on virological and immunological parameters of AIDS progression in children. Design: Prospective multicentric observational study. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 211 HIV-1-infected children categorised in 4 groups: untreated (NT), on
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2177)
Munoz-Fernandez MA, Salvador R, Jose M. B, Joaquin N, Maria Luisa A, Eduardo F-C; M. A. Munoz-Fernandez, C/ Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 586 85 65, Fax: +34 91 586 80 18, E-mail: Mmunoz@cbm.uam.es
Design: We investigated the relationship between CD8 T subsets, plasma viral load (VL) and CD4 in 65 HIV children (mean age 8Y) treated with AR longer than 2Y. CD8+ subsets were examined by means of three-color flow cytometry. Results: There was a good positive correlation between the % and the absolute number of activ
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2178)
Geskus R, Coutinho R; R. Geskus, Municipal Health Service, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT, Netherlands, Tel.: +31 20 555 5524, Fax: +31 20 555 5533, E-mail: rgeskus@gggd.amsterdam.nl
Background: Estimates of residual time to AIDS, as obtained through marker values, provide important information on the decision when to start HAART. An important subquestion is whether these estimates depend on time since seroconversion. Methods: The influence of markers on time to AIDS is investigated in eight separa
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2179)
Sissoko D, Ajana F, Yazdanpanah Y, Baclet V, De La Tribonniere X, Moution Y; D. Sissoko, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Maladies Infectieuses, 135 rue du President Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France, Tel.: +33 3 20 69 46 17, Fax: +33 3 20 69 46 15, E-mail: servmalinf@nordnet.fr
Objective: In this study we immunized and followed HIV infected patients in order to determine(1) response rate to the HBV vaccine; (2) persistence of HBs antibodies (HBs Ab) protective levels, and (3) need for booster dose. Setting: Outpatient Unit of Infectious Diseases , French Northern HIV Reference Center. Patient
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2180)
Levine A, Berhane K, Sanchez MN, Masri-Lavine L, Pearce L, Cohen M, Young M, Newman M, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Gange S, Burns D; A. Levine, Norris Cancer Hospital, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Rm 3468, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States, Tel.: +(323) 865-3913, Fax: +(323) 865-0060, E-mail: hornor@hsc.usc.edu
Background: Anemia is common in HIV infected women, and correlates with higher HIV RNA level in blood, lower CD4 cells, clinical AIDS, use of zidovudine ( AZT ), low MCV of red cells, and African American (AA) ethnicity (Levine AM, Blood, 1999).
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2181)
Mandy F, Bergeron M, Shafaie A, Ding T, Bradley J, Fahey J; F. Mandy, Health Canada, LCDC, PL0603B1, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Tel.: +1 613 957 01 74, Fax: +1 613 946 03 06, E-mail: FRANK_MANDY@HC-SC.GC.CA
Background: An international Quality Assessment and Standardization of Immunological measurements relevant to HIV/AIDS (QASI), has been developed over the past 4 years through cooperation between Canada , Australia and US. More than 100 laboratories have participated in the program at no cost to establish infrastructur
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2182)
Kovacs A, Chan L, Meyer WA, Anastos K, Cohen M, Hessol N, Weiser B, Levine A, Bremer J, Burns D, Miotti P, Minkoff H, Rother C, Young Y; A. Kovacs, University of Southern California Medical School, 1640 Marengo St., Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States, Tel.: +1 323 226 5068, Fax: +1 323 226 8362, E-mail: akovacs@hsc.usc.edu
Objectives: To study the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA on HIV-1 disease progression in a large cohort of HIV+ women. Methods: From October 1994 through November 1995, 2056 HIV-1 infected women were enrolled from 6 sites throughout the United States as part of the Women s Interagency HIV Study. Clin
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2183)
Bonarek M; M. Bonarek, Saint Andre Hospital, 1, rue Jean Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux, France, Tel.: +33 556 795 823, Fax: +33 556 795 822, E-mail: mojgan.bonarek@dim.u-bordeaux2.fr
Objectives: To identify prognostic factors associated with in-hospital survival in HIV-infected patients admitted to MICUs. Methods: A retrospective cohort set up to study all HIV-infected patients admitted to MICUs from 1991 to 1994. Survival from MICU admission to hospital discharge (or in-hospital fatal issue) was
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2184)
Withum DG, McFearland W, Kellogg T, Dilley J, Adler B, Sabatino J, Schwarcz S, Peterman T, Janssen RS; D. G. Withum, CDC Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE E-46, Atlanta Georgia 30333, United States, Tel.: +404 639 20 93, Fax: +404 639 20 27, E-mail: dgw2@cdc.gov
Background: In order to evaluate client acceptance and estimate HIV-1 incidence, we offered the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) to clients attending public anonymous HIV counseling and testing sites in San Francisco California (SF). Methods: STARHS uses a less sensitive (LS) version
History: -Perinatal transmission of HIV occurs mostly in late pregnancy, during labor and delivery, and after birth through breastfeeding.High maternal viral load is associated with increased risk of transmission.In acute infection the viremia can be as high as in late stages of disease.The acute retroviral sindrome i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2186)
Martinez-Peralta LA, Ceballos A, Liberatore D, Biglione MM, Pando M, Avila MM; Liliana AmaliaMartinez Peralta, National Reference Centre for AIDS, Paraguay 2155. Piso 11, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina, Tel.: +54-11-4508-3689, Fax: +54-11-4508-3705, E-mail: lampvirus@hotmail.com
Background: The detection of anti-HIV IgA has been already described as a useful tool for the diagnosis of perinatally acquired HIV infection using Western blot; dot blot as well as ELISA assays. However, the efficiency of this test has not been evaluated in children under protocol 076 to prevent vertical transmission.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2187)
Caselli D, Maccabruni A, Piazza F, Castiglioni B, Bassi L, Minoli L;;; D. Caselli, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Tel.: +39 0382 502 922, Fax: +39 0382 502 601, E-mail: d.caselli@smatteo.pv.it
Background: current antiretroviral therapy has modified the natural history of HIV infection in children. In particular, as in adult patients, CNS complication rate fell down. In order to evaluate the presence of CNS abnormalities without clinical evidence, we evaluate with EEG a group of asymptomatic children on antir
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2188)
Rongkavilit C, Prisuwanna P, Van Heeswijk RP, Limpongsanurak S, Srigritsanapol A, Boonrod C, Mahanontharit A, Chuenyam M, Phanuphak P; C. Rongkavilit, HIV-NAT, 104 Rajdamri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 255 73 34, Fax: +66 2 252 57 79, E-mail: chokechai.r@chula.ac.th
Background: To determine the appropriate NFV dose when given with d4T and ddI in HIV-exposed infants. Method: In the first cohort of infants born to HIV+ mothers, NFV (15 mg/kg BID), d4T (1 mg/kg BID) and ddI (100 mg/M2 OD) were all begun within 12 hours af
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2189)
Toma AI, Stancescu AE; A. I. Toma, Sos Mihai Bravu 288, BL 3, Sc. C, ap. 115, Bucharest 74338, Romania, Tel.: +409 278 18 59, Fax: +401 312 26 70, E-mail: radsur@pcnet.ro
Background: To assess the evolution of the CD4 counts as a marker of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children receiving a combination of three antiretroviral drugs, including a protease inhibitor. Methods: There were selected 40 HIV-infected patients, mean age 9.6 years, antiretroviral naive. The three drug regim
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2190)
Hagan-Temple V, Rakusan T, Rana S, Hart L, White D, Young M, Perez W, Dominguez K; V. Hagan-Temple, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Suite 6104, Washington, DC 20010, United States, Tel.: +1 202 884-3611, Fax: +1 202 884-3711, E-mail: vhagan@cnmc.org
Background: Suppression of HIV1 viral load in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been demonstrated in clinical trials and in small cases series of children in clinical settings. We are presenting our experience with antiretroviral therapy in a relatively large cohort of HIV-infected children f
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2191)
Vigano A, Saresella M, Natascia S, Fossati S, Bricalli D, El Abbar M, Al Tawaty A, Principi N, Clerici M; A. Vigano, via Lamarmora, 6, 20122 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 2 3579 9265, Fax: +39 2 551 1820, E-mail: alevig@mailserver.unimi.it
Background: Horizontally-acquired pediatric HIV infection is poorly characterized; similarly poorly characterized are the immune correlates of pediatric HIV infection in Africa. We studied a group of horizontally HIV-infected children followed by the Al-Fatah Children Hospital Bengazhi (Lybia). These children were bor
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2192)
Lutajjumwa M, Bakaki P, Sherman J, Mukasa R, Guay L, Musoke P; M. Lutajjumwa, MU-JHU Research Collaboration, PO Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 541 044, Fax: +256 41 541 044, E-mail: mujhu@afsat.com
Objectives: To establish the diseases that cause hospitalisation and mortality of HIV infected children, and to compare them with the non HIV infected. Methods: The MU-JHU Research Collaboration is conducting clinical trials in the reduction of Perinatal HIV transmission using NVP and Vitamin A supplementation of HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2193)
Phili R, Abdool Karim Q; R. Phili, South African Medical Research Council, 296 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: +2731 2020777, Fax: +2731 2020950, E-mail: philir@mrc.ac.za
Background: A number of rapid HIV antibody assays have been developed over the past few years. These vary in sensitivity and specificity when compared to standard enzyme immunoassays (EIA). In settings such as primary health care clinics (PHC), where the laboratory infrastructure is limited or non-existent, rapid assay
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2194)
Polliotti BM, Gnall S, Laughlin T, Miller RK; B.M. Polliotti, University of Rochester, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 668, Rochester, NY 14642-8668, United States, Tel.: +1 716 275 1902, Fax: +1 716 244 2209, E-mail: bruno_polliotti@urmc.rochester.edu
HCG, naturally secreted during the pregnancy by the placenta, has been reported to modify, at high concentration, the HIV infection of human lymphocytes. This anti-HIV effect may contribute to the limited observed maternal to fetal transmission of HIV (25 to 30 % without treatment). We have investigated the effects of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2195)
Read S, Blanchette N, Smith ML, Fernandes-Penney A, King S;;; S. Read, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ONT, Canada, Tel.: +1 416 814 6268, Fax: +1 416 813 8404, E-mail: sread@sickkids.on.ca
Background: With improvements in antiretroviral therapies, children infected with HIV are healthier and living longer. Little is known about long-term outcome in these children. This study was designed to examine cognitive and motor function in school-age children with vertically transmitted HIV infection. Methods: Ne
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2196)
Wilson T, Ickovics J, Fernandez MI, Koenig L, Walter E; T. Wilson, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 1240, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States, Tel.: 718.270.2105, Fax: 718.270.3386, E-mail: Twilson@netmail.hscbklyn.edu
Background. To document rates and predictors of ZDV acceptance and adherence among pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) in the U.S. Methods: Between 6/96 and 11/98, standardized, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 264 WLHIV in prenatal clinics within several HIV-endemic areas, including Miami, FL, Brooklyn,
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2197)
Rabie H, Cotton M, Janse van Rensburg A; H. Rabie, Dept Pediatrics and Child health, Tygerberg Hospital, Parow, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 938 45 38, E-mail: hrabie@mweb.co.za
Background: Simplified regimens for reducing mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 have been proposed for resource-constrained countries. Although effective in research settings, there is little data from service centers. At Tygerberg Hospital, a tertiary center for impoverished areas of the Western Cape provinc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2198)
Beckerman KP, Shannon M; K.P. Beckerman, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 6D-22, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA, United States, Tel.: +1 415 206 8276, Fax: +1 415 206 3112, E-mail: kpb@itsa.ucsf.edu
Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that suppression of maternal HIV-1 viral replication during pregnancy results in improved maternal health and pregnancy outcome. Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed of all 99 known HIV-1 infected mothers and exposed infants delivered at UCSF/SFGH hospital
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2199)
Johnson S, Nelson G, Violari A, Gray G; S. Johnson, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, PO Bertsham 2013, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 938 3984, Fax: +27 11 938 3973, E-mail: wozjohn@yebo.co.za
Background: The diagnosis of HIV infection in children before 18 months of age is difficult, especially where PCR testing is not routinely available. The current WHO recommendation is to use an HIV ELISA at 18 months, but this delay can lead to parental anxiety about the HIV status of their child.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2200)
Taren D, Nahlen B, van Eijk A, Otieno J; D. Taren, University of Arizona, 1612 E. Mabel Street, PO Box 245163, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States, Tel.: +1 520 626 79 08, Fax: +1 520 626 79 06, E-mail: taren@u.arizona.edu
Research on postnatal HIV transmission (due to breastfeeding) will assist in the design of suitable interventions. As part of a large prospective study of malaria and HIV transmission in pregnant women and their infants, we obtained information on infant feeding practices during monthly infant clinical visits for 1 yr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2201)
Jeffery B, Webber L, Mokhondo R; B. Jeffery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikala building, Kalafong Hospital, Private Bag X396, Pretoria, South Africa, Tel.: +27 12 373 8041, Fax: +27 12 373 9031, E-mail: bridgetj@kalafong.up.ac.za
Background: A method has been devised by which HIV infected women may express and pasteurise their breastmilk in a domestic setting using inexpensive apparatus and a simple technique. The method (Pretoria Pasteurisation) uses the principle of passive heat transfer and reliably maintains milk between 56 and 62.5 degrees
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2202)
Nchabeleng M, Yeung S, Escott S, Wilkinson D, Sturm AW; M. Nchabeleng, University of Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella 4013, South Africa, Tel.: +27 312 604 395, Fax: +27 312 604 431, E-mail: Nchabe@med.und.ac.za
Background: In HIV-infected patients the epidemiology of bacteraemia may vary according to demographic and geographical factors. Reports on bacteraemia in HIV-infected children are still scarce especially in rural Africa. A study to determine the frequency and type of bacteraemia in HIV-infected children was conducted.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2203)
Hainaut M, Peltier CA, Zissis G, Schandene L, Mascart F, Levy J;;; M. Hainaut, Department of Paediatrics, CHU Saint-Pierre, 322 rue Haute, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, Tel.: +32 025 354 344, Fax: +32 025 354 563, E-mail: marc_hainaut@stpierre-bru.be
Objective: Prospective study of the immune reconstitution in children with a new HAART. Methods: T-cell subsets, memory and naive CD4 and CD8 phenotypes and lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and to 2 recall antigens (candida and tetanus toxoid) are analyzed at baseline and each 3 months subsequently for 1 year.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2204)
Hainaut M, Peltier CA, Gerard M, Marissens D, Zissis G, Levy J;;; M. Hainaut, Department of Paediatrics, CHU Saint-Pierre, 322 rue Haute, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, Belgium, Tel.: +32 253 543 44, Fax: +32 253 545 63, E-mail: marc_hainaut@stpierre-bru.be
Background: Viral diagnostic assays allow to diagnose most HIV-1 infected infants by the age of 1 month, raising the possibility of early highly active antiretroviral treatment. Methods: Since December 1996, 6 infants with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection have been treated with a combination of 3 reverse transcripta
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2205)
Berhardien N, Stephen LX; N. Behardien, Private Bag X08, Mitchells Plain, Cape Town 8001, South Africa, Tel.: +27 217 621 517, Fax: +27 21 392 42 12, E-mail: nberhard@uwc.ac.za
Background: Oro-facial manifestations are common findings in HIV infection and these presenting features may serve as markers, or prognostic indicators of progression of HIV disease to AIDS.In South Africa , few reports are available. The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of oral and peri-oral man
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2206)
Rublein J, Calhoun E, Biddle A, Fiscus S, Eron J; J. Rublein, UNC Hospitals, Department of Pharmacy, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States, Tel.: +919-966-9545, Fax: +919-966-7163, E-mail: john_rublein@unc.edu
PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of antiretroviral resistance in women of child-bearing potential. Methods: A convenience sample of 46 HIV infected women aged 14-49, pre-menopausal, and not surgically sterile was studied from December 1996 to August 1998. Subjects donated blood for HIV-1 RNA and genotypic analysis an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2207)
Dollfus C, Vaudre G, Stengel L, Leverger G, Courpotin C; C. Dollfus, Hospital Trousseau, 26, av du Dr Arnold Netter, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France, Tel.: +33-1-4473 6062, Fax: +33-1-4473 6573, E-mail: catherine.dollfus@trs.ap-hop-paris.fr
Background: Pediatricians caring for HIV infected children in western countries experience a growing number of children becoming adolescents. This phenomenon generates specific needs which need to be assessed. Methods: We analyzed the medical files of all the children born before 11, 1987 regularly cared for in our ins
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2208)
de Martino M, Tovo P-A, Galli L, Balducci M, Gabiano C, Rezza G, Pezzotti P; M. de Martino, Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, Via Luca Giordano 13, 50131 Florence, Italy, Tel.: +39 55 5662494, Fax: +39 55 570380, E-mail: mdm@ao-meyer.toscana.it
Background: Since the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy, mortality in adults with HIV-1 infection decreased. The population effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy on survival of HIV-1 perinatally infected children is unknown. Methods: The present study is an open, population-based, multicentre longitudin
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2209)
Duran A, Hakim A, Ybarra V, Losso M, Zlatkes R; A. Duran, Hospital J.M Ramos Mejia, Urquiza 609, Pabellon, Buenos Aires, CP 1221, Argentina, Tel.: +54 1 4931 52 52, Fax: +54 1 4956 15 22, E-mail: hivramos@impsat1.com.ar
Background: Therapy with zidovudine has been shown to reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission in HIV infected pregnant women population.No data are available in relation with combined therapy. Objectives: (1) To describe the epidemiological features of our HIV-infected pregnant women population.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2210)
Oleske J, Winter H, McKinney R, Hughes M, Powell C, Elgie C, Fresia A, McNamara J, Moye J Jr; J. Oleske, UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 185 So. Orange Ave., F570A, Newark, N.J. 07103, United States, Tel.: +973-972-5077, Fax: +973-972-6443, E-mail: oleskejm@umdnj.edu
Background: Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of pediatric HIV infection have demonstrated efficacy sufficient to reduce perinatal transmission from historical levels of 25% to 5% or lower, and to improve survival. Limited data exist on the translation of these research findings to effectiveness at the po
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2211)
Mundy TM, Arpadi SM; T.M. Mundy, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Program for Children and Families, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, United States, Tel.: +1 212 523 5818, Fax: +1 212 5233908, E-mail: tmmundy@aol.com
Background: Revising anti-retroviral therapy (ARVT) in a heavily treated pediatric population can be complicated by issues of drug tolerability, availability of appropriate forms and dosages, and viral resistance to the current or proposed regimen. To lessen the impact of resistance, we have obtained DNA sequence analy
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2212)
Rondanelli M, Caselli D, Maccabruni A, Bacchella L, De Stefano A, Maghnie M, Ferrari E, Minoli L; M. Rondanelli, Via De' Conti 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Tel.: +39-0382-502 922, Fax: +39-0382-502 601, E-mail: d.caselli@smatteo.pv.it
To evaluate endocrine dysfunction involved in impaired growth velocity in HIV infected children we started a prospective study of endocrine abnormalities related to growth failure. Sixteen well nourished children (9 males, aged 2-14 year), perinatally HIV-infected were followed for 3 years; 9 A1-2 while7 showed clinica
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2213)
Litalien C, Ciaquinto C, Faye A, Mechinaud F, Grosch I, Compagnucci A, Jacqz-Aigrain E; C. Litalien, Hopital Robert Debre, 48 Boulevard Serurier, 75019 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 40 03 21 50, Fax: +33 1 40 03 47 59, E-mail: evelyne.jacqz-aigrain@rdb.ap-hop-paris.fr
Backgound: Perinatally infected infants with very high viral load in the first months of life appear to be at increased risk for a rapid progression of disease and early antiretroviral treatment is recommended. Pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy and tolerance of Nelfinavir given with
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2214)
Rondanelli M, Minoli L, Caselli D, Maccabruni A, Solerte SB, Maghnie M, Ferrari E; M. Rondanelli, Via De Conti 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Tel.: +39 382 502 916, Fax: +39 382 502 601, E-mail: d.caselli@smatteo.pv.it
Background: HIV is associated with a wide range of metabolic and hormonal derangementsbut but at present no data are avaiable on the endocrine pancreatic system in HIV-infected subjects, adults or children, so we start on a perspective study to evaluate the endocrine pancreas secretion. Methods and Patients: Glucagon,
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2215)
Naver L, Casper C, Ehrnst A, Bohlin A-B, Aperia K, Albert J, Leitner T, Feny EM; L. Naver, Huddinge University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden, Tel.: +46 8 585 874 49, Fax: +46 8 585 875 45, E-mail: lars.naver@klinvet.ki.se
Background: Evolution of coreceptor usage of sequential HIV-1 isolates from children perinatally infected with HIV-1 of subtype B has been documented. No information is available on children infected with HIV-1 subtypes other than B. Method: Sequential primary isolates from PBMC and plasma from 15 perinatally HIV-1 inf
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2216)
Pesaresi M, Terrones C, Saenz Vicuna L, Lavarello D, Hermosid S; M. Pesaresi, Durand Hospital, Av. Diaz Velez 5044, (1405) Capital Federal, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4826 13 64, Fax: +54 11 4624 61 20, E-mail: mpesaresi@abaconet.com.ar
Background: During the last five years excellent results have been obtained in V.T. prevention through the application of Antiretroviral Treatment (ARV) during pregnancy childbirth and on the newly born plus elective cesarean section (ECS) or cesarean section with technical artifice (Hemostatic Cesarean Section- HCS).
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2217)
Galli L, de Martino M, Tovo P-A, Gabiano C, Chiarelli F, Zappa M;;; L. Galli, Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, Via Luca Giordano, 13 - 50131 Florence, Italy, Tel.: +39 55 5662 540, Fax: +39 55 5662 400, E-mail: l.galli@ao-meyer.toscana.it
Background: Growth dysregulation has been largely described in perinatally HIV-1 infected children, but little is known about possible pubertal delay. Data on puberty in HIV-1 infected males come from studies in hemophilic patients, but not from studies in perinatally infected children. Methods: 100 perinatally infecte
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2218)
Sacramento I, Jani IV, Vaz P, Mbofana F, Barreto J; I. Sacramento, Instituto Nacional de Saude, Department of Immunology, PO Box 264, Maputo, Mozambique, Tel.: +258 1 427 131, Fax: +258 1 431 103, E-mail: deptimun@cdins.uem.mz
In tropical Africa, the clinical management of pediatric AIDS is hampered by several well known constrains. As the problem grows, innovative and accessible means are need to suspect HIV infection and to establish prognosis. Therefore, we have done a preliminary, retrospective study on whether hyperglobulinemia could pl
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2219)
Olaleye DO, Odaibo GN, Obisesan KA, Ruppach H, Detrich U; D.O. Olaleye, University of Ibadan, Dept. of Virology, College of Medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria, Tel.: +234 2 241 0034, Fax: +234 2 241 3545, E-mail: ibadan_lab@who_nigeria.org
Objective: To determine the relative mother to child transmission of different HIV-1 Subtypes among infected pregnant woman in Nigeria . Methodology: Twenty-four Hiv-1 infected pregnant women from six ante-natal Clinics In south western Nigeria were followed up from time of serodiagnosis to delivery. Cord blood was col
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2220)
Hagan-Temple V, Rakusan T, Rana S, Hart L, White D, Young M, Perez W, Dominguez K; V. Hagan-Temple, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Wachington, DC 20010, United States, Tel.: +1 202 884 3611, Fax: +1 202 884 3711, E-mail: vhagan@cnmc.org
Background: Suppression of HIV1 viral load in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been demonstrated in clinical trials and in small cases series of children in clinical settings. We are presenting our experience with antiretroviral therapy in a relatively large cohort of HIV-infected children f
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2221)
Naidoo K, Moodley D, Moodley J, Coovadia HM; K. Naidoo, University of Natal, Dept Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, Private Bag #7 Congrella, Durban 4013, South Africa, Tel.: +273 126 044 32, Fax: +273 126 042 41, E-mail: moodleyj@med.und.ac.za
Background: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of cotrimoxazole use as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in perinatal HIV exposed infants based on clinical diagnosis alone. In the absence of reliable laboratory diagnosis in developing countries, clinical signs and symptoms of perinatal HIV infectio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2222)
Bertolli J, Byers B, Sibailly TS, Boni-Ouattara E, Krou ND, Ekpini ER, Nkengasong J, Maurice C, Kouassi MK, Roels TH, Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ; J. Bertolli, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, MS E-46, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 6140, Fax: +1 404 639 6118, E-mail: jub7@cdc.gov
Background: The presence and correlates of HIV-1 in breast milk in the early postnatal period have important implications for the design of postnatal transmission interventions. We investigated patterns and correlates of viral shedding in breast milk during the first five weeks postpartum. Methods: From December 1998 t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2223)
Guevara H, Johnston E, Zijenah L, Tobaiwa O, Mahomed K, Contag C, Hendry M, Katzenstein D; H. Guevara, CDHS - VRDL, Rm 2012, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States, Tel.: +1 510 540 2632, Fax: +1 510 849 5294, E-mail: hguevara@dhs.ca.gov
Objective: To assess the frequency of infection of infants, in utero by quantitative HIV RNA and DNA PCR assays; and to determine plasma viral genetic diversity among apparent transmitter and non transmitter mothers by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA). Methods: Sequential paired maternal and cord (M and C) blood from
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2224)
Launay O, Touboul C, Huraux Rendu C; O. Launay, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, 40 Avenue De Verdun, Creteil 94010, France, Tel.: +33 1 451 754 79, Fax: +33 1 451 754 76, E-mail: olaunayoc@ub_internet.fr
Background: Since 1994, prophylactic measures have been systematically applied to pregnant HIV-infected women to reduce perinatal transmission. The goal of the study was to compare HIV vertical transmission rate and women s epidemiological characteristics before and after 1994 in a French university maternity unit. Met
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2225)
Oswal J, Bhagwat R, Merchant R; J. Oswal, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Parel, 400012 Mumbai, India, Tel.: +91-22-412 97 86, Fax: +91-22-416 93 36, E-mail: jsoswal@hotmail.com
Background: This is prospective ongoing study of the clinical profile of HIV infected children at the HIV clinic in a pediatric tertiary care center in Mumbai is the first large analysis from India . Methods: From August 1994 onwards, 260 HIV positive children have been followed up. These included intramural deliverie
Background: Cervical cancer is an AIDS defining malignancy for women living with HIV and cervical dysplasia is listed as a B symptom in the CDC classification. The cervical abnormality can be the initial HIV associated symptom. It is unclear whether or not routine HIV screening should be recommended in this population.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2227)
Heard I; I. Heard, Hopital Broussais, 96, rue Didot, 75674 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 43 95 91 45, Fax: +33 1 43 95 95 24, E-mail: isabelle.heard@brs.ap-hop-paris.fr
Objective: A high prevalence of cervical disease has been observed in HIV-seropositive women; conventional surgery is less effective in these women, with high rates of persistence/recurrence of lesions. There is uncertainty regarding the optimal management of these women. A European prospective study will be held in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2228)
Sewell C, Keller J, Anderson J; C. Sewell, The Johns Hopkins University Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Harvey 319, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States, Tel.: +1 410 614 2870, Fax: +1 410 955 1003, E-mail: csewell@jhmi.edu
Objective: To examine immunologic, virologic, and histologic correlates of ASCUS/LSIL on initial pap smear and associations with regression, persistence, or progression on follow-up pap. Methods: Retrospective review of HIV+ women who had an initial pap smear with ASCUS or LSIL and at least one follow-up pap between 1
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2229)
Troncoso AR, Dos Santos A, Gulotta H, Iacono R, Poskus E, Saul P, Tommasi M, Semorile K, Loiza E, Berdion M, Crespi J;;; A.R. Troncoso, Infectious Diseases Mu±iz Hospital, Uspallata 2272-Section 21, Argentina, Tel.: 5411-15 4 936 3254, Fax: 5411-4953-2942, E-mail: gaula@usa.com
Background: Anemia in pregnant women under treatment with zidovudine (ZDV),can complicate the continuity of treatment or, when its severe, can cause ZDV therapy interruption.We studied the effects of r-HuEPO to improve erithropoyesis in these patients. Methods: 37 women who fit the following criteria were included: pr
Objective: To examine the determinants and the impact of partner notification among pregnant syphilis seropositive women. Methods: Women delivering at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi were examined for syphilis. Data on antenatal care including antenatal syphilis testing were collected. Partner notification rates
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2231)
Van Benthem B, Prins M, Coutinho RA; B. Van Benthem, Municipal Health Service, Nieuwe Achtergracht 100, 1018 WT Amsterdam, Netherlands, Tel.: +31- 20 - 5555 514, Fax: +31- 20 - 5555 533, E-mail: bvbenthem@gggd.amsterdam.nl
It has been shown that gender differences exist in the two most important markers of HIV disease progression. Certain levels of these markers are used as criteria for starting therapy. CD4 counts are higher, while HIV-RNA load is lower in HIV-infected women compared to men. It has been suggested that these markers are
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2232)
Niemiec KT, Firlag-Burkacka E, Horban A; K.T. Niemiec, Institute of Mother & Child, Kasprzaka 17a St., 01-211 Warsaw, Poland, Tel.: +48602264856, Fax: +48226321548, E-mail: niemiec@imid.med.pl
Between 1989 and 1999 91 HIV+ pregnant women were observed, who delivered after 26 weeks of pregnancy in Warsaw, Poland . The data were collected prospectively including interview, physical examination, laboratory, and medical records. In the case of 12 mothers the transmission of HIV-1 to their offspring had been obs
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2233)
Moe A, Druvasula R, Wyatt G, Singer E; A. Moe, UCLA Center for AIDS Research and Education, BH 412 CHS UCLA Medical Center, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1793, United States, Tel.: +310-206-6414, Fax: +310-206-3311, E-mail: amoe@mednet.ucla.edu
Background: Preliminary analysis of data examining estrogen, HIV symptom status, and neuropsychological performance indicate that in domains of verbal memory and reaction time, estrogen is associated with improved performance in HIV+ women. Methods: Baseline data on estrogen use and neuropsychological performance were
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2234)
Cabral JM, Candoso B, Magarinho R, Patacao H, Horta A, Vasconcelos O, Sarmento R; J.M. Cabral, Maternidade Julio Dinis, Rua 9 de Abril, 531, 6°, D., 4250-349 Porto, Portugal, Tel.: +35 12 2200 3732, Fax: +35 12 260 87411, E-mail: cabraljm@mail.telepac.pt
Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of genital infection and Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD), in HIV infected women; to establish the Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ) genital types more common in this population; to evaluate frequency of cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL), in this population; to evaluate t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2235)
Cohen C, Mugo N, Bukusi E, Maclean I, Bwayo J, Brunham R; C. Cohen, University of Washington, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Tel.: +1 206 543 5555, Fax: +1 206 543 3915, E-mail: crcohen@u.washington.edu
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been positively associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Immunological mechanisms by which HIV infection may increase risk of PID were explored. Methods: Participants underwent a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, screening for HIV an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2236)
Mugo N, Ndavi M, Oyieke B, Cohen CR; N. Mugo, University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 714 851, Fax: +254 2 726 626, E-mail: rwamba@ratn.org
Introduction: Although partner tracing is an important component of sexually transmitted disease (STD control, it is not commonly practiced for male partners of women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). For this group of men, we set out to both determine the effectiveness of contact tracing, and the role of e
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2237)
Nguti R, Cohen C, Kiehlbauch J, Bukusi E, Symekher S, Mwendwa T, Waiyaki P, Sinei S, Stamm W; R. Nguti, University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, PO Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 714 851, Fax: +254 2 726 626, E-mail: rnguti@ratn.org
Background: Concomitant PID and HIV-1 infection is common in sub-Saharan Africa. In earlier studies we found that HIV-1 infection may predispose to plasma cell endometritis (PCE) caused by bacterial vaginosis associated organisms. We set out to determine the association between anaerobic bacteria and HIV-1 infection i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2238)
Mayer K, Politch J, Cu-Uvin S, Tucker L, Xu C, Tuomala R, Anderson DJ; K. Mayer, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket 02864, United States, Tel.: +1 401 729 27 76, Fax: +1 401 729 27 95, E-mail: kenneth_mayer@brown.edu
Background: HIV transmission is enhanced by GT infections. Exogenous IL has been shown to upregulate HIV expression in vitro, and can activate cells which can then become more readily infected with HIV. Methods: Cervicovaginal lavages (CVL) and GT infection screening was performed on 173 asymptomatic HIV+ and HIV- wome
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2239)
Rubino E, Colletti P, Mazzola G, Mancuso S, Carrillo L, Cittadini E, Abbadessa V, Graceffa R; E. Rubino, Via Cardinale Rampolla 1, 90100 Palermo, Italy, Tel.: +390 916 555 476, Fax: +390 916 555 478, E-mail: cittad@unipa.it
Background: The Authors consider the diversification of pharmacological management in pregnancies of HIV seropositive women since HAART was introduced. Is it better to stop or continue antiretroviral therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy? Materials and Methods: The Authors studied 26 pregnancies in HIV seropo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2240)
Johns J, Whyte P, Burns F, French P, Henson G; J. Johns, Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, Highgate Hill, London N19 5NF, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 272 30 70, E-mail: jemmajohns@hotmail.com
Objective: To evaluate the impact of introducing an `opt-out approach to antenatal testing in a busy London District General Hospital. Method: A retrospective review of all antenatal HIV screening tests over 3 years (1997-1999) comparing an `opt-in approach to a subsequent `opt-out policy (offering the test to all ante
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2241)
Fiore T, Chapman S, Perry K, Stenzel M, Gormley J, Cu-Uvin S; T. Fiore, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Ave., Providence, Rhode Island, United States, Tel.: +1 401 793 40 40, Fax: +1 401 273 02 85, E-mail: tfiore@lifespan.org
Objective: To determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia among HIV positive women on haart, non-haart and no antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Cross sectional study of PAP Smear results on 90 HIV seropositive women at the Miriam Hospital Immunology Center. Cervical dysplasia is defined as Atypical Squamous Cells of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2242)
Gomez-Marin O, de Souza R, Scott G, O'Sullivan M, Mitchell C; O. Gomez-Marin, University of Miami, 7727 SW 86th St., Apt. A1-202, Miami, FL 33143, United States, Tel.: +(305) 243-40-08, Fax: +(305) 243-33-84, E-mail: ogomez@med.miami.edu
Background: While gestational ZDV has been proven to reduce the rate of HIV-1 perinatal transmission, the mechanisms by which it works and its effect on labor are unclear. Previous data have suggested that prenatal ZDV may indirectly affect rates of transmission by delaying delivery. Purpose: To determine whether the u
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2243)
Pesaresi M, Hermosid S, Leguizamon M, Baccifava G, Militano C, Nardin J, Rodriguez M, Terrones C; M. Pesaresi, Durand Hospital, Av. Diaz Velez 5044, (1405) Capital Federal, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4826 13 64, Fax: +54 11 4624 61 20, E-mail: mpesaresi@abaconet.com.ar
Background: To show the Hemostatic Cesarean Section, as a new surgical technique to manage pregnant women infected with HIV-1. This is an elective cesarean section with technical modification. It is used in all patients plus antiretroviral treatment(ARV) and breast feeding period has been inhibited. Methods: A prospect
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2244)
Bernstein H, Hanna GV, Gurewitsch ED, Anderson JR; H. Bernstein, 600 N Wolfe St PHIPPS 228, Baltimore 21228, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 7454, Fax: +1 410 614 8305, E-mail: hbernstein@jhmi.edu
Background: Protease inhibitors (PI) have become an integral part of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. These drugs have been used in pregnancy for both maternal and fetal benefit, with the goal of reducing viral load, preventing prenatal transmission, and improving long term survival. Pis have been associated with
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2245)
Duerr A, Jamieson D, Cu-Uvin S, Schuman P, Anderson J, Klein R, Hsia J; A. Duerr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford HWY MSK34, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States, Tel.: +1 770 488 52 50, Fax: +1 770 488 59 65, E-mail: axd9@cdc.gov
Background: The effect of HAART on AIDS-associated neoplasias, especially cervical cancer, is unclear. We investigated whether HAART reduces the high rate of Pap smear abnormalities found at cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected (HIV+) women. Methods: We analyzed data from HIV+ women enrolled in the HER study wh
Objective: To assess the association between coital frequency and vaginal microbial flora. Methods: Pregnant women who sought care at the Odense University hospital, Denmark , were enrolled at their first routine antenatal visit before 24 weeks gestation. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questio
Background: In a prospective cohort study of African prostitutes, we evaluated the association between viral load (VL) at time of seroconversion and signs and symptoms of acute HIV-1 illness and subsequent disease progression. Methods: HIV-1 seronegative prostitutes were followed at monthly intervals. Quantitative HIV-
We investigate the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on humoral immune responses during a 24-month follow up of 20 HIV patients with acute primary HIV infection (PHI). The patients were divided in three groups on the basis of therapeutic protocol they were following at the time of entry: a) five p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2249)
Markowitz M, Hu J, Louie M, Barsoum S, Hurley A, Flanigan T, Pierce A, Shaefer M, Nixon D; M. Markowitz, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States, Tel.: +1 212 448 5020, Fax: +1 212 327 7299, E-mail: marty@adarc.org
Background: 38 newly HIV-1 infected subjects have received HAART including ABC 300mg, 3TC 300mg and APV 900mg q12h and IND 800mg q8h. After 12 months and an enrollment of 15 subjects, treatment was altered with APV raised to 1200 mg q12h and IND ceased after week 16. On average, symptomatic subjects (92%) were treated
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2250)
Narciso P, Del Grosso B, De Marco M, De Santis A, Galgani S, Tozzi V; P. Narciso, I.R.C.C.S. L Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy, Tel.: +39 655 1701, Fax: +39 6559 2581, E-mail: tocheto@iol.it
Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) as manifestation of primary HIV infection (PHI) has rarely been described and in all cases a fatal course was observed. Objective: To describe a patient with ADEM as presentation of PHI who responded to HAART. Methods: Case report. Results: A previously healthy 27
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2251)
Caillat Vallet E, Vanhems P, Cooper DA, Hirschel B, Routy JP, Savard S, Perrin L, Rowleau D, Sekaly RP; E. Caillat Vallet, Claude Bernard Hospital, Pierre benite Cedex 69495, France, Tel.: +33 0 478 861 971, Fax: +33 0 478 863 331, E-mail: caillat@rockefeller.univ_lyona.fr
Background: Factors associated with the clinical heterogeneity of acute HIV infection (AHI) were not clearly established. The objective was to identify the characteristics of the source patient (SP) associated with the clinical and biological features of AHI in the recipient patient (RP). Recipient Clinical stage of th
Background: HAART at acute HIV infection (AHI) reduced dramatically plasma HIV RNA. Objective: To report the time to reach undetectable plasma HIV RNA (Viral load below the detectable level = VL0), the CD4 and the CD8 among patients treated at AHI by HAART according to the time in days (d) elapsed between the onset of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2253)
Routly J-P, Brenner B, Salomon H, Rouleau D, Cote P, Lefebvre E, Leblanc R, Sekaly R, Wainberg MA; J-P. Routly, McGill University Health Centre, 687 Pine Avenue West Room C6.80, Montreal Quebec H3A1A1, Canada, Tel.: +514 843 15 58, Fax: +514 843 14 18, E-mail: routyjp@muhchem.mcgill.ca
Background: Transmission of antiretroviral-drug-resistant (ADR) HIV-1 variants in IDU population is not well studied. Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of ADR variants from individuals participating in the Montreal primary HIV-1 infection study were carried out and compared according to risk groups (sexually transmitte
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2254)
Lori F, Piccinini G, Foli A, Comolli G, Jessen H, Lisziewicz J; F. Lori, Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy, at Georgetown University, Med-Den SW 307, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007, United States, Tel.: +1 202 687 2833, Fax: +1 202 687 2907, E-mail: RIGHT@gunet.georgetown.edu
Background: Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages are susceptible to HIV infection, transmit the virus to T cells in vivo, and mediate initial spreading of HIV during primary infection. T cells are responsible for most of HIV production. HAART should be effective in all cell compartments infected by HIV. Methods: The an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2255)
Waisman JL, Palmero DJ, Alberti FA, Guemes Gurtubay JL, Francos JL; J. L. Waisman, Parana 35, (1876) Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 425 919 77, Fax: +54 11 425 919 77, E-mail: marceldo@hotmail.com
Background: since 1992, an unusual number of cases of MDRTB between AIDS patients have appeared in the main ID Hospital of Argentina , with a total of 620 cases diagnosed up to December/98. The initial mortality was around 90%. Several measures were taken to control the epidemic: a 17 bed isolation dedicated ward, the
Issues: HIV-infected adult diarrhea is a major public health problem in Africa, having in view its high frequency and the often failures in the actual UN-AIDS algorithms. The aim of this study was to propose to the practitioner an informed and proved working tool in the purpose to improve the management of AIDS-related
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2257)
Tupinabes U, Greco D, Carneiro M; U. Tupinabes, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Dona Cecolia St # 81 301, Zip Code 30220-070, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, Tel.: +55 31 227 0750, Fax: +55 31 281 4733, E-mail: unai@uai.com.br
Objective: To describe the diagnosis methods utilized and to evaluate the mortality rate in a period of two years after the diagnosis of TBC in HIV+ patients. Metodology: Patients co-infected with HIV/TBC were evaluated between June 95 and June 96. Clinical diagnosis of TBC was considered if the patient conditions and/
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2258)
Kariuki S, Arthur G, Muyodi J; S. Kariuki, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 43640, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 720 163, Fax: +254 2 711 673, E-mail: skariuki@wtrl.or.ke
Background: Non-typhi Salmonella bacteremia remains an important infection for HIV seropositive patients. Resistance to commonly used drugs further complicates the problem. We assessed the importance of drug resistance in non-typhi salmonella infections and determined the molecular basis of resistance in non-typhi salm
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2259)
Esquivel S, Solari R, Soto I, De Carolis L, Corti M, Cangelosi D, Ambroggi M, Di Lonardo M; S. Esquivel, Hospital Muniz, Holmberg 2823, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 454 367 10, E-mail: rsolari@intramed.net.ar
Background: In the last decades, the incidence of mycobacterial infections has been increasing in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in AIDS patients. Methods: Between january 1995 and dece
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2260)
Kharkar R; R. Kharkar, Not applicable, Marzban Co-op Housing Society, Shahaji Raje Road,Vile Parle East,, Mumbai-400057, India, Tel.: +91 22 821 2690, E-mail: drrdkharkar@hotmail.com
Background: Cryptococcal infection is being seen with increasing frequency in AIDS patients in Mumbai. Patients who had developed a reaction and could not afford Amphotericin-B were selected.So far only studies of Iatraconazole with Flucytocine are documented. This study shows the efficacy of Iatraconazole used alone.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2261)
Agarwal SK, Singh A, Baveja UK, Agarwal K, Kapoor AK, Singh NP, Subramanian A, Prakash A; S.K. Agarwal, Maulana Azad Medical College, Dept. Of Medicin, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi - 110002, India, Tel.: +91 11 323 64 37, Fax: +91 11 323 64 37
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a profound dysregulation of the immune system and alterations in the cytokines. Tuberculosis, a common opportunistic infection in HIV + ve patients, leads to further immune suppression and a faster progression of disease. The present study was
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2262)
Ermak T, Kravtchenko AV; T. Ermak, Russia AIDS Centre, Bd.2, 15, 8-YA UL. Sokolinoy Gory, 105275 Moscow, Russian Federation, Tel.: +7 95 366 05 18, Fax: +7 95 365 46 80
Background: We present the structure of AIDS indicator diseases in adult patients from 1987 to 1997 and it s changes during last 2 years (on date of autopsy). Methods: From 01.03.87 to 31.12.97 122 adult patients (pts.) with AIDS diagnosis were observed (died 83-68%); from 01.01.98 to 31.12.99 - 70 pts. (died 28-40%).
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2263)
Saple D, Maniar J, Jujar S; D. Saple, Grant Medical College,G.T Hospital, 11-C,Oliver Mansion,Mogul Lane,, Mahim,Mumbai-400 016, India, Tel.: +91 22 4224312, Fax: +91 22 4379604, E-mail: asaple@bom3.vsnl.net.in
Background: In view of resource limitations we need to evolve economic options in the diagnosis & clinical management of our people in India . This study retrospectively analyses the efficacy, safety & compliance of the available therapeutic options in the management of Cryptococcal Meningitis in HIV/AIDS pati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2264)
Jujar S, Saple D, Maniar J; S. Jujar, Grant Medical College,G.T Hospital, 24/7,Parel Shiv Sandesh Co-oprative, Housing Society,Kasturba Gandhi, Nagar,Dr E Moses Road,Worli,, Mumbai-400 018, India, Tel.: +91 22 497 8423, Fax: +91 22 208 3184, E-mail: asaple@bom3.vsnl.net.in
Background: Scarce data is available in literature regarding the survival rate of Toxoplasma encephalitis in HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore this study retrospectively analyses the patients treated at HIV/AIDS referral center, G.T. Hospital, Grant Medical College, Mumbai, INDIA from Jan 1994 to Jan 2000. Methods: 500 pati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2265)
Arthur G, Nduba VN, Kariuki S, Kimari J, Bhatt S, Gilks C; G. Arthur, PO Box 47855, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254-2-714590, Fax: +254-2-711673, E-mail: GArthur@wtrl.or.ke
Background: Bacteraemia and mycobacteraemia, frequent in African HIV patients, are usually considered to carry poor prognoses. This series of prospective inpatient studies examined presentation, prevalence and outcome for blood stream infections (BSI) across a decade. Methods: Clinical data was collected on consecutive
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2266)
Thomas B, Fagbenro-Beyioku AF, Ukegby CB; B. Thomas, University of Lagos, Para College, Trop. Dis. Res. Lab. Dept. Med. Micro, Pmb 12003, Idiaraba Lagos, Nigeria, Tel.: +234 1 545 376 06, Fax: +234 1 585 1432, E-mail: nunbolaji@yahoo.com
Within the last several years, enteric protozoan parasites have become increasingly recognised as important rapidly emerging human pathogens in immuno-compromised individuals. They have been recognised as important opportunistic pathogens in such individuals, and tend to aid disease progression or otherwise. This study
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2267)
Nagalingeswaran K, Solomon S, Madhivanan P, Yepthomi T, Venkatesan C, Amalraj E, Flanigan T, Thyagarajan SP, Mayer K; K. Nagalingeswaran, YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Iraman Street Tnagar, Madras 600 017, India, Tel.: +91 448 264 242, Fax: +61 448 256 900, E-mail: yrgcare@vsnl.com
Background: To correlate plasma viral load and CD4 T cell count to Opportunistic infections in persons with HIV in South India . Methods: One hundred and fifty six persons with HIV were studied at YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, a tertiary HIV care centre in Chennai, India. Quantitative estimate of number
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2268)
Nagalingesnaran K, Flanigan T, Mahajan A, Amalraj E, Mayer K, Solomon S; K. Nagalingesnaran, YRG Care Iramanst Tnagar, Madras 600 017, India
Background: To compare the microorganisms isolated in the stool of HIV positive persons with and without diarrhea. Methods: Thirty persons with HIV who had chronic diarrhea (study patients) and 30 HIV+ controls who had no diarrhea were studied between Jan and Dec 1999 at YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chen
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2269)
Churchyard GJ, Kleinschmidt I, Corbett EL, Murray J, Smith J, De Cock KM; G.J. Churchyard, Aurum Health Research, PO Box 87, Welkom, 9460, South Africa, Tel.: +27 57 900 43 98, Fax: +27 57 900 45 68, E-mail: gchurch@mjvn.co.za
Background: In many sub-Saharan African countries HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) is reaching epidemic proportions, and is associated with a greater mortality compared to HIV-negative TB. We investigated factors associated with an increased case-fatality rate (CFR) at 6 months in HIV-positive and unegative TB patient
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2270)
Valencia E, Laguna F, Moreno V, Blanco F, Soriano V, GonzalezLahoz J, JimenezNacher I; E. Valencia, Hospital Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 10, 28029 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 453 25 00, Fax: +34 91 733 66 14, E-mail: evalencia@hciii.insalud.es
Background: The use of CMX for PCP prophy-laxis and primary toxoplasmic encephalitis (PTE) is limited by adverse events (14%). Objective: To study the efficacy of short desensibilization with increased doses of CMX. Patients and Methods: It was done desensi-bilization in 28 patients with known into-lerance to CMX (1-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2271)
Madsen CD, Christensen JK, Sorensen M, Nielsen JO, Lundgreen JD, Eugen-Olsen J, Krogsgaard K; C.D. Madsen, Hvidovre Hospital, Clinical Research Unit 441, Kettegaard alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Danmark, Tel.: +45 3632 2418, Fax: +45 3632 3797, E-mail: chrisdmadsen@yahoo.dk
Background: High TT virus (TTV) viremia is an independent prognostic factor in untreated HIV positive patients. The aim of the current project was to evaluate whether TTV viremia can be used as a marker for immune reconstitution in patients receiving HAART Methods: Twenty patients with CD4 T cell counts > 200 was inclu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2272)
Ramirez Amador V, esquivel Pedraza L, Sierra-Madero J, Soto-Ramirez L, Gonzalez Ramirez I, Anaya Saavedra G, Ponce de Leon-Rosales S; V. Ramirez Amador, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico, Tel.: +52 001 5 606 1781, Fax: +52 001 5 666 15 02, E-mail: rava1863@cueyatl.uam.mx
B`ackground: The purpose of the present study was to determine the association of HIV-RNA plasma levels and CD4+ T cell counts with the development of oral clinical markers of HIV progression such as oral candidosis (OC) and hairy leukoplakia (HL). Methods: A prospective cohort study approved by the Ethical and Researc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2273)
Esquivel Pedraza L, Ramirez Amador V, Alcocer L, Rato-Ponce de Leon M, Sierra-Madero J, Ponce De Leon Rosal S; L. Esquivel Pedraza, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana/CONASIDA, Salmon 84 No. 6 col. del Mar, Mexico, D.F. 13270, Mexico, Tel.: 001-5-8459770, Fax: 001-5-5281887, E-mail: lesquiv@cueyatl.uam.mx
Background: The association of HIV-related oral lesions (HIV-OL) with HIV-RNA serum levels, and the effect of HIV-antiretrovirals on the presence of these oral manifestations is poorly known. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of CD4 counts and viral load with HIV-OL, and to evaluate the impact o
Objective: To determine if the detection of various genital tract infections varied with the menstrual cycle in HIV-1-infected women. Methods: Fifty-five HIV-infected women with regular menstrual cycles, CD4+ cell counts >350 cells/mm3, and no hormonal contraceptive usage, were followed prospectively over an eight-week
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2275)
Ntigwa T, Ndongmo CB, Zekeng L, Same Ekobo A; T. Ntigwa, University of Yaounde, Pr Same Ekobo Albert, PO Box 3266, Yaounde, Cameroon, Tel.: +237 31 24 70, Fax: +237 31 24 70, E-mail: ntigwat@yahoo.com
Background: Developing countries continue to be the hardest hit by HIV infections aggravated by numerous endemic infectious agents like parasites. In addition, these countries face serious economical problems. In Cameroon , less than 1% of HIV infected individuals can afford the expensive antiretroviral drugs. The pre
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2276)
Furrer HJ, Opravil M, Bernasconi E, Schiffer V, Bucher H, Telenti A, Amiet R, Markus F, Egger M, Rickenbach M, Rossi M; H.J. Furrer, University Hospital Berne, Division Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 632 27 45, E-mail: hansjakob.furrer@insel.ch
Background: We have previously shown that discontinuation of primary PCP prophylaxis is safe in patients with sustained increase of CD4 counts above 200 and 14% while on antiretroviral combination therapy . There are no data about safety of discontinuation of secondary PCP prophy
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2277)
Domingo P, Torres OH, Guradiola JM, Ris J, Vazquez G; P. Domingo, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Av. Sant Antoni Ma . Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain, Tel.: +34 93 291 93 43, Fax: +34 93 291 92 69, E-mail: pere.domingo@cc.uab.es
Background: The massive use of HAART in HIV-infected patients may be associated with unforeseen effects not previously observed in earlier studies of HIV-infected patients. Patients and Methods Twenty-four HIV-infected patients with baseline CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 500 cells/m L had herpes zoster (HZ) within
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2278)
Mussini C, Pezzotti P, Borghi V, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A, De Luca A, Pini R, Mongiardo N, Casolari S, Esposito R; C. Mussini, Department Of Infectious Diseases, Policlinico, Via Del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy, Tel.: + 39 59 42 24 68, Fax: + 39 59 42 26 04, E-mail: CRIMUSS@UNIMO.IT
Background: In individuals undergoing primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ), whose CD4 count returned to levels exceeding 200 cells/mm3 as a result of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), clinicians should consider the opportunity to interrupt prophylaxis.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2279)
Corral O, Sanchez-Portocarrero J, Rubio M, Perez-Cecillia E, Roca V, Romero J, Picazo JJ; O. Corral, Universidad Europea De Madrid, C/ Tajo S/N, Villaviciosa De Odon, 28670 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 664 78 00 (Ext 273), Fax: +34 91 616 82 65, E-mail: o_jorge.corral@ema.cisa.uem.es
Objective: The aims of this study were firstly, to determine the frequency of HIV infection among the patients with infectious meningitis, and secondly, to asses the etiology and characteristics of infectious meningitis in HIV positive patients in a tertiary hospital in Madrid. Methods: We retrospectively studied all t
Background: In recent years bacterial infections and bacteremias in HIV-infected patients may have been modified because of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of both therapeutic actions in the prevalence of bacteremias. Methods: Case-contr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2281)
Kariuki E, Ngugi R, Muthotho J; E. Kariuki, Kibera Community Based Health Care, PO Box 30968, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 78 15 84, E-mail: waboyk77@yahoo.com
Background: Candida species have become a major opportunistic pathogen causing recurrent oral thrush and oesophageal candidiasis in patients with HIV/AIDS in Kenya . This has resulted in repeatedly high use of expensive anti-fungal drugs(ie Contrimazole, Amphotericin B a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2282)
Tan LH; L.H. Tan, University Malaya Medical Centre, Clinical Investigation Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia, Tel.: +60 3 750 2867, Fax: +60 2 03 754 1904, E-mail: ctanhe96@tm.net.my
Objectives: §im5% of HIV infected patients who reside in Histoplasmosis endemic area (HEA) in USA have been reported to develop DH. Because of this potential extent of morbidity & mortality in HEA like Malaysia , we review the epidemiological findings (E), clinical characteristics (C), radiological findings (R),
Background: Lifelong maintenance treatment (MT) to prevent toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) relapses is recommended in all HIV patients after a TE episode. There are no data about the safety of discontinuation of TE MT in patients receiving HAART with a sustained increase of CD4 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2284)
Roson B, Podzamczer D, Grau I, Perez JL, Garcia O, Gudiol F; B. Roson, Hospital de Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Tel.: +34 932 607 667, Fax: +34 936 077 669, E-mail: broson@csub.scs.es
Objective: To evaluate the clinical course, emergence of opportunistic complications (OCs) and death in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients in the HAART era. Methods: From June 1996 to September 1998,118 HIV-infected pts with CD4 counts >100 cells/ml, were included in a prospective follow-up. Every 3 months
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2285)
Martinez MA, Puig F, Cabana M, Guilera M, Gimenez-Barcons M, Sirera G, Tural C, Clotet B, Sanchez-Tapias J-M, Rodes J, Saiz J-C;;; M.A. Martinez, Fundacio irsiCaixa, Hospital universitari Germans, Trias i pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain, Tel.: +34 934 656 374, Fax: +34 934 653 968, E-mail: mamartz@ns.hugtip.scs.es
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence, route of transmission and clinical significance that current co-infection with TT virus (TTV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis G virus (HGV) have in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients. Design: Presence of TTV, HCV and HGV was analyzed in plasma
Background:To estimate trends in incidence of reported AIDS associated opportunistic infections (OI) at a national level in Brazil , 1980-1999. Methods: Annual incidence of each OI/100 reported adult (> 12 years old) AIDS cases were estimated using national database provided by the Ministry of Health, from 1980 thru Ma
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2287)
Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, de Gaetano Donati K, Bertagnolio S, Citton R, Cataldo M, Cauda R; M. Tumbarello, Dept. Infect. Dis. Catholic University, largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy, Tel.: +39 6 3015 53 73, Fax: +39 6 305 45 19, E-mail: matum@libero.it
Background: To evaluate the effect of HAART with association of protease inhibitors (PI) and reverse trascriptase inhibitors on the incidence of bacterial infections in HIV infected patients. Looseness=-100000 Methods: The study compared the incidence of bacterial infections in HIV infected patients during two periods
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2288)
Lopez JC, Miro JM, Pena JM, Podzamczer D, Alberdi JC, Claramonte X, Martinez E, Dronda F, Arribas JR, Domingo P, Arrizabalaga J; J. C. Lopez, Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Esquerdo 46, Madrid. 28007, Spain, Tel.: +349 158 685 92, Fax: +349 158 685 92, E-mail: jclopez@mx3.redestb.es
Background: Prophylaxis to prevent relapses is recommended in all HIV-1 infected patients who recovered of a previous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ). In the GESIDA 04/98 study we showed that PCP prophylaxis can be safetly stopped in patients with immunological reconstitution after HAART.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2289)
Kunneke M, Maynier S, Kruger M; M. Kunneke, Kalafong Hospital; University of Pretoria, Dept. of Paediatrics, Kalafong Hospital, Private Bag X396, Pretoria, South Africa, Tel.: +27 12 373 8041, Fax: +27 12 373 7977, E-mail: mkunneke@kalfong.up.ac.za
Introduction: HIV-infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a major health problem in Southern Africa. The routine investigations for PTB include: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a chest X-ray and culture of gastric aspirates. A raised ESR is associated with a high index of suspicion of active
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2290)
Messou E, Anglaret X, Bonard D, Ouassa T, Toure S, Combe P, Dabis F, N'dri-Yoman T, Salamon R; E. Messou, Pac-ci, CeDReS, CHU de Treichville, BP V3, Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 2125 7753, Fax: +225 2124 9206, E-mail: pacci@aviso.ci
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa tuberculosis is the first cause of HIV-mortality. In Ivory Coast a consensus statement recommended that prophylaxis with cmx should be prescribed to all HIV+ adults at WHO clinical stage 2, 3 or 4. Both cmx and the standard antiTB regimen used in Abidjan (2RHZ/4RH
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2291)
Rabin MG, Policar M, Tarlin N, Solodnik P; M. G. Rabin, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Room D6-20, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA, United States, Tel.: +718 334-3960, Fax: +718 334-3741, E-mail: mpolicarmd@aol.com
Objective: To describe a case of new onset Diabetes Insipidus (DI) in a patient with AIDS and a space-occupying lesion (SOL) of the brain. Methods: A review of the medical records of a patient with AIDS who developed DI. Results: A 44 year-old female with AIDS and a CD4 count of 53, was admitted to the hospital with de
Objectives: Bloodstream infections (BSI)are an increasing problem in AIDS patients.This finding led us to asses frequency of community and hospital acquired BSI, to identify prevalent etiologic agents, to define associated risk factors. Methods: A prospective, multicentre study was conducted in HIV patients with advanc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2293)
Pillai S M.D., Kosoko O M.D., Chari C M.D., Harris J M.D., Phan A-D M.D.; S.Pillai M.D. , D.C. General Hospital, 1900 Mass. Avenue S.E., Washington D.C. 20003, United States, Tel.: +1 202 675 5385, Fax: +1 202 675 8011, E-mail: sasikala@aol.com
Background: Cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system is among the most frequently recognized life-threatening infections with AIDS. It manifests as meningitis or meningo-encephalitis. The neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of cryptococcal meningitis frequently reported include papilledema, optic atrophy and cr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2294)
Taoufik Y, Sala M, Kahraman M, Vartanian J-P, Kousignian P, De Goer M-G, Wain-Hobson S, Delfraissy J-P, Gasnault J; Y. Taoufik, Laboratoire CR Inserm, Universite Paris-Sud, 63, rue Gabriel Peri, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicetre Cedex, France, Tel.: +33 1 49 59 67 54, Fax: +33 1 49 59 67 53, E-mail: yassine.taoufik@kb.u-psud.fr
Background: Despite the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) following PML diagnosis, the survival remains poor in about 50% of patients with AIDS-associated PML. Objective: To examine virological and immunological mechanisms underlying survival heterogeneity in AIDS-associated PML patients on CART. Methods
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2295)
Teixeira E, Teixeira EG, Trajman A, T. Belo MT, Selig L, Sanches K, Castello Branco MM, Brito R; E. Teixeira, RVA Alzira cortes 05/603, Botafogo, Rio De Janeiro 22260-050, Brazil, Tel.: +552 152 743 05, Fax: +552 153 216 61, E-mail: teixeirax@vol.com.br
Objectives: Unlike other opportunistic infections, TB incidence among HIV-infected patients has not changed in the HAART era. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of recently acquired TB in HIV-infected patients when compared to those without the co-infection. Methods: We analyzed the 1998
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2296)
Yazdanpanah Y, Goldie SJ, Weinstein MC, Senneville E, Losina E, Leblanc G, Seage GR, Sullivan LM, Paltiel AD, Kimmel AD, Zhang H, Salomon R, Mouton Y, Freedberg KA; Y. Yazdanpanah, Service Regional Universitaire, Des Maladies Et Du Voyager, 135 AV President Coty, Tourcoing 59208, France, Tel.: +011 333 206 946 16, Fax: +011 333 206 946 15, E-mail: yyazdan@yahoo.com
Aims: To determine the clinical impact, cost, and cost-effectiveness (C-E) of different strategies for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) in a French AIDS Reference Center in the setting of HAART. Methods: We used a simulation model of HIV disease to project the quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), lifetime
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2297)
Bershtein S, Teitz Y, Margalith M, Teitz Y, Margalith M; S. Bershtein, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel, Tel.: +972 764 00 868, Fax: +972 727 6215, E-mail: shimonb@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) a common pathogen becomes a hazard one, and causes significant morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients including AIDS, organ transplants and cancer patients. Ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir are currently u
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2298)
Jourdain G, Le Coeur S, Piyaworawong S, Yuthavisuthi P, Suraseranivong V, Chotivanich N, Kunkongkapan S, Lallemant M; G. Jourdain, 57/2 Faham Road, Soi 3, Muang Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand, Tel.: +66 538 523 72, Fax: +66 532 405 44, E-mail: gonzague@loxinfo.co.th
Background: Although the use of trimethoprimusulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), a simple and inexpensive treatment, is generally recommended for PCP prophylaxis in immunocompromised pregnant women, some obstetricians are reluctant to prescribe TMP-SMX during pregnancy because of theoretical concerns regarding possible advers
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2299)
Oprea C, Duiculescu D, Ungureanu E, Radoi R, Dorobat O, Ispas D, Erscoiu S, Patru C, Paun L; C. Oprea, Dr. V. Babes Hospital, Str. Soseaua Mihai Bravu 281, Bucharest 3, Romania, Tel.: +40 132 341 10, E-mail: dandui@pcnet.ro
Background: To assess the prevalence, clinical features and evolution of cryptococcus infection (c.i) in HIV infected children. Methods: A 10 years (1989-1999) retrospective study on c.i. in HIV infected children from Dr. V. Babes Hospital Bucharest, Romania . Diagnosis was established by cultures;
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2300)
Schuman P, Ohmit S, Duerr A, Cu-Uvin S, Shah K, Klein R; P. Schuman, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Harper Hospital, 3990 John R., 4 Brush Center, Detroit, MI 48201, United States, Tel.: +(313) 745-9131, Fax: +(313) 993-0302, E-mail: pschuman@intmed.wayne.edu
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of HIV serostatus, human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection/risk, CD4+lymphocyte count, HIV viral load, and AIDS defining illness on the longitudinal evaluation of SIL among HIV+ and HIV- women. Methods: Cervical PAP smears and cervical/vaginal lavage specimens were collected at baseli
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2301)
Aberg J, Koo J; J. Aberg, Washington University School of Medicine, AIDS Clinical Trials Unit (ACTU), 4511 Forest Park Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States, Tel.: +314 454-0058, Fax: +314 361-5231, E-mail: jaberg@im.wustl.edu
Background: San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) HIV patients incidence of opportunistic infections (OI) including Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ), disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (dMAC) and Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) decreased 1992 to 1997, but modestly increased in 1998 and 199
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2302)
Radoi R, Duiculescu D, Ungureanu E, Oprea C, Patru C, Ene L, Merticariu C, Dorobat O, Ceausu E; R. Radoi, Dr. V. Babes Hospital, Str. Soseaua Mihai Bravu 281, Bucharest 3, Romania, Tel.: +401 323 41 10, E-mail: dandui@pcnet.ro
Objective: To asses the prevalence, the clinical features and the course of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in HIV infected children. Method: A retrospective study based on clinical records of HIV infected children in Dr. Victor Babes Hospital, over 10 years (1989-1999). The diagnosticwas established based on clinical cr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2303)
Mugerwa R, Johnson JL, Okwera A, Nsubuga P, Nakibali JG, Whalen CC, Hom D, Cave MD, Ellner JJ; R. Mugerwa, Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, POBox 7051, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +011-256-41-258-115, Fax: +011-256-41-245-643, E-mail: profrdm@imul.com
Background: Optimal duration of treatment for TB in HIV-infected persons is still controversial & is an important issue for TB control programs. We report on the efficacy of a daily, self-administered 8-month rifampicin-containing regimen for the treatment of pulmonary TB (PTB) in HIV-infected adults. Methods: Pati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2304)
Nakiyingi JS, Watera C, Lugada ES, French N, Gilks C, Whitworth J; J. S. Nakiyingi, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O.BOX 49, ENTEBBE, Uganda, Tel.: +256-77-408316, Fax: +256-41-321137, E-mail: nakiyingisendegeya@yahoo.com
Objective: To describe the principal opportunistic infections in a cohort of HIV positive adults and their impact on survival. Method: Study participants were confirmed HIV positive persons (1371) recruited in 2 study clinics between 10/10/95 and 30/06/98 and followed up to 30/06/99. They attended scheduled biannual c
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2305)
Glaser J, Samah M, Nanfra J, Pettit R; J. Glaser, Staten Island University, 20 Ebbits Street, Staten Island, New York, NY 10306, United States, Tel.: +718-879-56-46, Fax: +718-979-56-50
Background: As a result of findings linking r-hGH to improved immune function (Chappel, J.AIDS, 4/99), data collected from a longitudinal patient registry (Serono AIDS Investigator Data Base Survey) were analyzed to determine whether r-hGH ( Serostim ) could positively affect CD4 count in patients on potent combina
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2306)
Brambilla AM, Hasson H, Veglia F, Castagna A, Lazzarin A; A M. Brambilla, San Raffaele Hospital, via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127 Milan, Italy, Tel.: +39-02-26437943, Fax: +39-02-26437030, E-mail: brambi.brambi@iol.it
Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC) and herpes zoster (HZ) are two minor clinical events associated with HIV infection. While occurrence of OC has been considered predictor of HIV progression, the correlation between HZ and risk of AIDS is less clear. As the amount of HIV viral load is considered a strong predi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2307)
Duran A, Casanovas R, Lourtau L, Toibaro J, Losso M; A. Duran, Hospital J.M.Ramos Mejia, Urquiza 609, Pabelln "G" 2° piso, Buenos Aires, CP 1221, Argentina, Tel.: (+0541) 4931-5252, Fax: (+0541) 4956-1522, E-mail: hivramos@impsat1.com.ar
Background: The introduction of HAART results in a decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections(OIs).Although we detected an increase in the number of cases in our population since 1998. Objectives: (1) To determine the annual incidence of OIs in our population of HIV infected patients. (2) To observe OIs outco
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2308)
Gounder C, Carvalho de Queiroz Mello F, Kritski A, Chaisson R; C. Gounder, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 67 W 73rd St., Apt. 2D, New York, NY 10023, United States, Tel.: +1 212 579 4785, E-mail: gounder@alumni.princeton.edu
Background: To correlate the results of a rapid immunochromatographic test (IT) for tuberculosis (TB) in whole blood, plasma and serum with TB culture results. Keywords: tuberculosis, diagnostics, serology Methods: The IT detects IgG responses to 4 recombinant M. tuberculosis complex proteins. Participants were drawn
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2309)
Shulman N, Imperial J, Zolopa A, Higgins J; N. Shulman, Stanford University, Division of Infectious Diseases, S-156, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, Tel.: +(650)498-5880, Fax: +(650)498-5291, E-mail: nshulman@earthlink.net
Background: With improvements in longevity associated with HAART, HCV/HIV coinfected patients are experiencing more HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There are several large ongoing and planned randomized studies of HCV treatment in HIV+ patients. The usual outcomes measured for HCV treatment in studies are HCV vira
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2310)
Tacconelli E, Cassone A, Tumbarello M, De Bernardis F, Torosantucci A, Cauda R; E. Tacconelli, Dept. Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy, Tel.: +39 6 3015 5372, Fax: +39 6 3054 519, E-mail: etaccon@tin.it
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) causes a decline in the incidence of some opportunistic infections in HIV+ subjects. Methods: We performed a case-control study to evaluate HAART efficacy to prevent recurrences of OC. We also evaluated the effect of PI on production of aspartyl proteinase (Sap),
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2311)
Ungureanu E, Radoi R, Patru C, Ionescu D, Tiganus R, Duiculescu D, Oprea C, Calistru P, Vlasopol M; E. Ungureanu, Dr. V. Babes Hospital, Str. Soseaua Mihai Bravu 281, Bucharest 3, Romania, Tel.: +40 132 341 10, E-mail: dandui@pcnet.ro
Background: 1. To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) infection in HIV infected children from Dr. Victor Babes Hospital, Bucharest. 2. To study the clinical and immunological status of the cases confirmed by culture and the bacterial resistance to antituberculous drugs. Methods: Prevalence of TB
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2312)
Matteelli A, Beltrame A, Forleo MA, Gulletta M, Caligaris S, Ciravolo G, Carosi G; A. Matteelli, ple. Spedali Civili n 125125 Brescia, Italy, Tel.: +39-30-3995671, Fax: +39-30-303061, E-mail: forleo@master.cci.unibs.it
Introduction: Poor host immune control in HIV-infected patients often results in extensive and prominent anogenital warts. These lesions are common in HIV infected subjects and have to high recurrences rate after treatment. Therapies aimed at the causative HPV virus rather than the warts hold promise for
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2313)
Karstaedt A, Crewe Brown H, Dromer F; A. Karstaedt, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, PO Box 128, Parklands, 2121 Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +27 119 338 000, Fax: +27 119 381 454, E-mail: heathercb@mail.saimr.wits.ac.za
Background: Cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS is rarely caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). There has been only 1 case report of infection with serotype C in an AIDS patient with a non-resolving pneumonia. We wish to report 4 patients with AIDS-associated meningitis caused by C. neofor
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2314)
Zampese M, Andrade C, Carvalho V, Schmidt R, Bakos L; M. Zampese, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, R. Dr. Timoteo, 616/210, 90570-041 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil, Tel.: +55 51 346 24 68, Fax: +55 51 333 72 52, E-mail: mzampese@pro.via-rs.com.br
Background: Crusted (Norwegian) scabies (CS) is a rare form of scabies characterized by massive proliferation of Sarcoptes scabiei and is highly contagious. It has been emphasized that CS in severely immunocompromised patients, especially with AIDS, may present as typical or atypical forms, leading to high morbidity a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeB2315)
Khalili R, Pilotto JH, Rocha-Ribeiro S, Azambuja R, Francescone-do-Valle F, Peres M, Grinsztejn B, Chicarino-Coelho J, Gadelha AM; R. Khalili, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 290 19 43, Fax: +55 21 590 99 88, E-mail: ruth@infolink.com.br
Background: AIDS epidemic is severely affecting women in Brazil . Data about natural history and causes of death among this population are scarce. Methods: A chart review was carried out to collect epidemiological, clinical, immunologic and autopsy data from all deaths occurred in a HIV+ women cohort followed at Evand
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeC2316)
Meidany F, Horikoshi Y, Rohde J; F. Meidany, Eastern Cape Department of Health, PO Box 3452, King William's Town 5600, South Africa, Tel.: +27 40 609 39 22, Fax: +27 40 609 39 21, E-mail: farshid@impilo.ecape.gov.za
Background: The most reliable method to measure the HIV trends in South Africa is the Annual Antenatal HIV Survey. This survey is done in selected primary health care facilities/sentinel sites throughout the country. In the Eastern Cape Province there appears an interesting relation between the HIV prevalence and the p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeC2317)
Khanssri N, Mahdavi A; N. Khanssri, PO Box 14665-368, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Tel.: +98 21 808 35 00, Fax: +98 21 807 30 11, E-mail: khansari@nrcgeb.ac.ir
Issues: HIV positive patients in Iran were limited to hemophiliac who were received contaminated blood and/or blood deravative in the past. Recent studies showes that HIV transmission has been shifted to the other groups. Considering religion belief and background of the community, we were interested to find out how H
Objectives: To Monitor the epidemic trends and explore effective strategies to control the epidemic. Methods: HIV infection rates among different groups were monitored using sentinel surveillance strategy and the actual number of people infected with HIV and overall prevalence were estimated based on the surveillance.
Background: According to data of sero-epidemiological surveillance that has been collected in St. Petersburg, Russia since 1987, the spread of HIV-infection in the city is estimated to be low (up to November 1999, 600 cases of HIV-infection were registered). Insofar as the actual figures were believed to be much larger
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeC2320)
Cheng HK, Thourk N, Barrenecue O, O'Farrell N; H. K. Cheng, National Blood Transfusion Centre, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, E-mail: nbtc@forum.org.kh
Background: HIV infection has increased rapidly in Cambodia in recent years. Although STIs are thought to play a significant role in this epidemic, there is little STI surveillance data for public health services in the country. STI data from the blood transfusion service were therefore sought to determine any signific
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeC2321)
Ramos Morgado RM, Malta LS, Ludgero de Vasconcelos A; R.M. Ramos Morgado, Estabelecimento Prisional do Porto, Av. Mouzinho da Silveira 31/6/A, Gueifaes, 4470-090 Maia, Portugal, Portugal, Tel.: +351-229483802, E-mail: rmorgado@mail.telepac.pt
One of the problems that the Authors (AA) have come across during there clinical practice at the Oporto Criminal Prison (Estabelecimento Prisional do Porto, EPP) was the increasing rate of the HIV positive population. The aims of this paper is to determine the profile of the HIV positive prisoner belonging to the EPP p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoPeC2322)
Ochiname F, Shokunbi WA, Adenyi NE; F. Ochiname, University of Ibadanuch, Dept of preventive and social medicine, College of medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria, Tel.: +02 231
