Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LBPeD7104)
Nyarandil TM; University of Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: +254-2-724590, E-mail: monari@healthnet.or.ke.
Problem: HIV AIDS has posed a major problem in higher education institutions in Kenya through student and staff deaths, hence causing internal brain-drain and in terms of cost of treating HIV related diseases by the Institutions health centers. Methodology: The University of Nairobi was used as a representative sample
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LBPeD7106)
Price S, Ngobeni F, Mogale M, Laboudhere P; Potential Unlimited International, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 1869 351833, E-mail: Sallyjprice@aol.com.
Issues: Research reveals that although people are becoming more aware of the facts about HIV/AIDS, they still engage in high risk behaviour, and infection rates continue to rise. Motivations to change behaviour lie at the levels of personal beliefs, values and identity. HIV/AIDS Education needs to embrace all these ino
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7107)
Wong CY, Tang SC; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Psychology, Hong Kong. Fax: +852 2603-7942, E-mail: joanyan@hotmail.com.
This study examined the predicting factors of the intentions to adopt safer sex practices among the Chinese college students. The students safer sex behaviours and issues involved in influencing their behaviours were explored. One hundred and sixty-one males and two hundred and sixty-seven females participated in the s
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7108)
Govender K, Bhagwanjee A; University of Durban Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Fax: +27 31-204 4611, E-mail: kayg@pixie.udw.ac.za.
Background: STDS and AIDS/HIV presents a major challenge to the health care system in South Africa , it is argued that systematic evidence-based interventions tailored to specific populations are critical in attempting to arrest these conditions. Media materials, as an intervention medium, has the ability to influence
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7109)
Dallimore A, Ubomba-Jaswa P; DRA-Development, Durban, South Africa. Fax: + 27 31 208 4113, E-mail: antdra@iafrica.com.
Background: Given high rates of HIV infection in South Africa , the Transition to Adulthood in the Context of HIV/AIDS sheds important light on adolescents in Kwazulu-Natal. The study, undertaken by the Universities of Natal and Tulane and the Population Council, interviewed 3096 adolescents between the ages of 14-22.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:61 (abstract no.. LBPeD7110)
Elford J, Bolding G, Maguire M, Sherr L; Royal Free and University College Medical School, Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 20 7794 1224, E-mail: elford@)rfhsm.ac.uk.
Background: Has optimism around new HIV drug therapies led to an increase in unsafe sex among gay men? To answer this question, a study was undertaken between March 1998-February 2000 among gay men in London to monitor changes in their sexual risk behaviour and to examine HIV optimism. Methods: An anonymous questionnai
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:62 (abstract no.. LBPeD7111)
Hassad R;;; UCLA, Family Studies Unit, New York Office, NY 10038. Fax: +1 212-233-4690, E-mail: rhassad@ucla.edu.
Introduction: Early in the HIV epidemic, receptive anogenital sex was explored and conclusively documented as an independent risk factor for HIV infection. This emphasis on receptive anal sex triggered a shift in sexual practices to primarily orogenital. The objective of this analysis was to explore the role of genital
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:62 (abstract no.. LBPeD7112)
Bains A;;; Sheffield Centre for HIV & Sexual Health, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 114 226 1901, E-mail: anthonyb@chsheff-tr.trent.nhs.uk.
This poster will look at the work of the SHOUT! Centre.The SHOUT! Centre is a project managed by Sheffield Centre for HIV and Sexual Health. It was established in 1996 as a collaboration between the voluntary and statutory sectors, with the aim of reducing the incidence of HIV transmission, promoting general health and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:62 (abstract no.. LBPeD7113)
Richard V, Mortier E, Djabbar H, Montanan D; Public Health Ministry, Ndjamena, Chad. Fax: +235 51 70 79, E-mail: projet.sante@intnet.td.
Objectives: To describe the demographic characteristics, HIV related risk behaviors, HIV knowledges and HIV seroprevalence of women who sell sex in Chad . Design: cross sectional study with subsample serologic component. Method: A total of 416 women (15-55 years old) were recruited. These subjects were asked to fill ou
Adult commercial sex work has become much more visible in South Africa over the past decade. Despite the democratisation and a new Constitution guaranteeing human rights to all South Africans, sex work remains a criminal activity. Sex workers continue to experience prejudice from the community at large; and their acces
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:63 (abstract no.. LBPeD7115)
McCoy HV, Williams M, Bowen A; Comprehensive Drug Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136. Fax: +1305-243-6008, E-mail: vmccoy@med.miami.edu.
Purpose: This study reports on the development of a theory driven intervention to reduce sexual risks for HIV in crack cocaine users who identified construct- specific determinants of intention and their related processes of change. Methods: A qualitative study interviewed 120 crack users in Washington DC, Miami and Co
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:63 (abstract no.. LBPeD7116)
van Empelen P, Kok G, Hoebe C, Jansen MW; Universiteit Maastricht, Department of Experimental Psychology, Netherlands. Fax: +31 43 38 84196, E-mail: p.vanempelen@psychology.unimaas.nl.
Issues: Although a large number of HIV infections are related to unsafe sex with a drug user, this HIV risk behavior has been left unattended. The present study focused on HIV risk behavior changes due to the existence of HIV/AIDS and ongoing HIV risk behavior among drug users. We especially focused on predisposing, en
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:63 (abstract no.. LBPeD7117)
Volpicelli S, Agnoletto V, La Marca P, Lesmo C, Mollica R, Campos MJ, Roumeliotu A, Olivet F, Contreras J; LILA - Italian League for the Fight against AIDS, Milan, Italy. Fax: +39.02.515095, E-mail: stefano.lila@ecn.org.
Background: the general aim of the MIRO project is the monitoring of subjective efficacy perception of informative and prophylaxis material adopted by outreach projects in relation to the modification of at-risk behaviors of HIV infection among IVDUs in the south of Europe. Methods: qualitative multi center study: 2554
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:64 (abstract no.. LBPeD7118)
Mitchell C, Smith A; University of the Witswatersrand, Dept. of English, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 11-403-7309, E-mail: csaemp@mweb.co.za.
Issue: The issue to be addressed in the session relates to the parallels between the growing violence directed towards girls and young women in South African schools, and the growing incidence of HIV/AIDS. The focus is on examining a school-based project which links strategies for addressing sexual harassment and HIV/A
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:64 (abstract no.. LBPeD7119)
Murto C, So J; Sunrise Community Counselling Center, Los Angeles, CA. Fax: +1 213-207-277, E-mail: cmurto@hotmail.co.
Background: Non-profit organizations working with HIV positive women noted that many of the women in support programs in the United States had issues surrounding domestic violence. The objective of this research is to assess the prevalence of domestic violence exposure in HIV positive women to determine if there is a c
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:64 (abstract no.. LBPeD7120)
Kim J, Pronyk P; Health Systems Development Unit, Tintswalo Hospital, Acornhoek, South Aftica. Fax: +27 13 797 0082, E-mail: pronyk@soft.co.za.
Issues: It is widely recognised that violence against women is a problem of extraordinary magnitude in South Africa . In 1993, the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women noted that South Africa has the highest rape statistics in the world, and South African women s organisations estimate that as many as one in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:65 (abstract no.. LBPeD7122)
Wojcicki J;;; UCSF, Stanford, CA 94305, E-mail: wojcicki@ucla.edu3.
This research focused on person-centered interviews with twenty-five women in Soweto who exchange sex for money with men in shebeens/taverns or atstokvels. These women are particularly likely not to use condoms with men (clients) due to economic circumstances. Moreover, they do not identify as sex-workers or prostitute
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:65 (abstract no.. LBPeD7123)
Plummer M, Todd J, Changalucha J, Mshana G, Wamoyi J, Balira R, Mosha F, Wight D, Obasi A, Peeling R, Mabey D, Grosskurth H, Hayes R, Ross D; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM Collaborative Research Projects, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of. Fax: + 255 68 500019, E-mail: mema@twiga.com.
Background: Self-reported sexual behaviour may be incorrect e.g. because of misunderstanding the question, poor recall or intentional misrepresentation. One way to check the validity of self-reported data is to triangulate self-reported results with biological markers such as STIs and pregnancy. Methods: In 1998 9,280
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:42 (abstract no.. LbFeB7042)
Merchant R, Menon P, Shah N, Sharma A, Oswal J; Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Parel, India. Fax: +91 22 300 10 17.
Background: Objective of this study was to evaluate the adrenal cortisol reserves in symptomatic HIV positive children. As the clinical features of HIV wasting syndrome often overlap that of adrenal insufficiency, the Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis evaluation serves as a good marker of adrenal insufficiency.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:16 (abstract no.. LbOr1)
Owor M, Deseyve M, Duefield C, Musisi M, Fleming T, Musoke P, Guay L, Mmiro F, Jackson B; MU-JHU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: +256 41-541044, E-mail: mujhu@afsat.com.
Objective: Preliminary results of the Uganda HIVNET 012 trial of short-course nevirapine (NVP) vs short-course AZT to prevent perinatal HIV transmission were reported last year. Final HIV-transmission rates up to 14-16 weeks (dat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr10)
Joshi S, Joshi SS, Vergara PT, Shah PS, Dongre R, Bhalala US; MGM Hospital, Mumbai, India. Fax: +91-22-6443572, E-mail: srjoshi@vsnl.com.
Background: The benefits of pulsed anti-retroviral (ARV) regimens are being explored with the hope to improve and increase access to medical treatment for HIV all over the world. The aim of this study is to establish the efficacy and safety of structured interrupted anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy using the alternate one
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:19 (abstract no.. LbOr11)
Dybul M, Yoder C, Belson M, Chun TW, Hallahan C, Justement JS, Hertogs K, Larder B, Metcalf J, Davey R, Fauci A;;; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Fax: 301-402-0070, E-mail: mdybul@nih.gov.
Background: Continuous HAART, although effective in many patients, can be toxic and prohibitive in cost for many countries, and adherence is difficult. By decreasing the time that patients receive medications, intermittent HAART could reduce cost and toxicity while enhancing adherence. Methods: 70 HIV-infected individu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:19 (abstract no.. LbOr12)
Dybul M, Yoder C, Belson M, Hallahan C, Hertogs K, Larder B, Metcalf J, Davey R, Chun TW, Polis M, Dimitrov D, Fauci A; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Fax: 301-402-0070, E-mail: mdybul@nih.gov.
Background: Continuous highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), although effective in many patients, can be toxic and prohibitive in cost for many countries and adherence is difficult. By decreasing the time patients receive medications, intermittent HAART could reduce cost and toxicity while enhancing adherence.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:19 (abstract no.. LbOr13)
Jackson JB, Mracna M, Guay L, Dileanis JA, Musoke P, Mmiro F, Eshleman SH; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287. Fax: 410-614-2907, E-mail: bjackso@jhmi.edu.
Background: In HIVNET 012, treatment naive Ugandan women and infants received a single dose of NVP for prevention of HIV-1 perinatal transmission. Women received NVP at the onset of labor, and infants received NVP within 72 hours of birth. In this trial, 36 infants were HIV-1 infected by 6 weeks of age despite NVP prop
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:20 (abstract no.. LbOr14)
Sullivan J, Cunningham C, Dorenbaum A, Mofenson L, Culnane M, Gelber R, Britto P; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Worcester, MA 01650. Fax: 508-856-5500, E-mail: John.Sullivan@umassmed.edu.
We assessed the prevalence of reverse transcriptase (RTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations at deliver and 6 weeks postpartum in women in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 316. PACTG 316 is a blinded, ongoing trial evaluating efficacy of single dose nevirapine (
Background: In Thailand , subtype E has been found to be the majority of HIV-1 infection via heterosexual. Intervention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 using short course (Bangkok regimen) of AZT to HIV-1 infected pregnant women during the last trimester and delivery has been proposed.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:20 (abstract no.. LbOr16)
Gingelmaier A, Eberle J, Kaestner R, Knobbe A, Dathe O, Guertler L, Stauber M, Grubert TA; I.Frauenklinik der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany, E-mail: gingelmaier@usa.net.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine if or to what degree genotypic resistance testing in pregnancy is useful concerning the therapeutic control of the anti-retroviral drug therapy to avoid a vertical transmission. A second goal was to investigate the prevalence of anti-retroviral drug resistances of preg
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:20 (abstract no.. LbOr17)
Page-Shafer K, Alves K, Graves A, Caseiro M, Rawal B, Sucupira C, Guevara H, Diaz R, Rutherford G, Coates T; University of California, San Francisco, CA 94105. Fax: 415-597-9125, E-mail: shafer@psg.ucsf.edu.
Objectives: To (1) estimate HIV incidence among ATS clients in Santos, Brazil by sensitive/less-sensitive (S/LS) EIA testing; (2) describe risk factors associated with recent infection; and (3) measure the prevalence of anti-retroviral (ARV) resistance and subtypes among recent infections. Methods: We collected sera fr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:21 (abstract no.. LbOr18)
Juillet A, Malaval C, Msellati P, Moatti JP; ANRS/IRD, Abidjan, Cote D?Ivoire. Fax: +225-35 40 15, E-mail: juillet@bassam.ird.ci.
One of the objectives of the UNAIDS Initiative is to improve access to HIV related drugs. What is the real impact of implementation of the Ivory Coast UNAIDS Initiative on quantities of drugs sale and on prices of anti-retrovirals (ARV) and for other drugs for opportunistic infections (OI). Methods: The Initiative star
Issues: An independent evaluation of a program on access to anti-retroviral (ARVs) in Morocco has been carried out. The program is supported by the International Solidarity and Therapeutic Fund (FSTI) and the evaluation was supported by UNAIDS . The results of the evaluation are being finalized and discussed with inter
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:16 (abstract no.. LbOr2)
Moodley D; University of Natal Medical School, Congella, South Africa. Fax: +27-31-260-4241, E-mail: moodley j@med.und.ac.za.
Background: Two short course anti-retroviral regimens, previously demonstrated to effectively prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 within 6 weeks of birth, were compared in a randomised open-label trial conducted in South Africa . Methods: There were 1306 HIV-1 infected pregnant women assigned to one of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:21 (abstract no.. LbOr20)
Laniece I, Ciss M, Djeme B, Ndoye I; Cooperation Francaise, Programme National de Lutte contre le SIDA, Dkara Medina, Senegal. Fax: +221 822 15 07, E-mail: laniecebissao@metissacana.sn.
Issues: There have been debates about the ability of African patients to reach a high level of observance. In the Senegalese Initiative, a research study (PNLS/ANRS/IMEA) assessed the adherence to anti-retroviral treatment over a 6 months period. Description: 99 patients filling their monthly anti-retroviral prescripti
Issues: Thailand , out of a total population of 61 million, about one million people are infected with HIV. There are 30,000 to 50,000 new AIDS cases each year. It is estimated that about 5 % of HIV infected people can get access to anti-retroviral double therapy and very few get treatment with three drugs which costs
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:22 (abstract no.. LbOr22)
Marseille E, Kahn JG, Saba J; Health Strategies International, Orinda, CA. Fax: 800-683-3442, E-mail: emarseille@home.com.
Background: HIV/AIDS places a large cost burden on African business, including lost productivity, death payments, and new worker training. To reduce these costs, companies may be willing to increase payments for HIV therapy: prophylaxis and treatment of OIs and, especially with recent 85% price reductions, anti-retrovi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:22 (abstract no.. LbOr23)
Sylla O, Laniece I, Mbodj L, Ndoye I; Service de Psychiatrie, Dakar Fann, Senegal, E-mail: osylla@ucad.refer.sn.
Issues: The Senegalese Initiative was set up with a goal of equity. For that, patients? financial participation is indexed to income. A research study (PNLS/ANRS/IMEA) was conducted to evaluate the microeconomic impact of drugs costs. Patient?s family situation, employment status and financial resources were assessed.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:22 (abstract no.. LbOr24)
Cao H, Flores J, Sentongo E, Allen M, El Habib R, Sheppard H, Mbidde E, Mugyenyi P, Wilson S, Hom D; Massachusetts General Hospital, AIDS Research Center, Charlestown, MA 02129. Fax: 617-726-5411, E-mail: cao@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
The first prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine study in Africa aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in seronegative Ugandan volunteers. Forty individuals were randomized to receive the live canarypox vector in a double-blinded fashion at months 0, 1, 3 and 6. HIV-specific cellular immune respon
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:23 (abstract no.. LbOr25)
Ensoli B, Cafaro A, Caputo A, Maggiorella MT, Negri D, Pace M, Borsetti A, Baroncelli S, Fanales-Belasio E, Michelini Z, Macchia I, Ridolfi B, Sernicola L, Moretti S, Belli R, Corrias F, Verani P, Titti F, Butto S; Instituto Superiore di Sanita, Laboratory of Virology, Rome, Italy. Fax: +39-06-49903002, E-mail: ensoli@iss.it.
Vaccine strategies based on the HIV/SIV envelope (Env) have failed to protect nonhuman primates against heterologous virus challenge due to the Env variability. Thus, new strategies aimed at controlling virus replication and disease onset should be developed to block the epidemic. We have chosen the HIV Tat protein bec
Background: The therapeutic vaccine, Remune, had undergone Phase I and II trials in Thailand in 1999. This reports results of the continuing follow up study done on the subjects previously enrolled in the Phase II trial. Methods: The 297 subjects previously enrolled in the 40-week Phase II trial of the Remune are still
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:23 (abstract no.. LbOr27)
Vergara PT, Joshi Sr, Shah PS, Sultan M, Bhalala US, Womack C; Univ. of California, Davis, Monte Sereno 95030. Fax: 91-22-644-3572, E-mail: ptvergara@ucdavis.edu.
Background: Alternative immunological therapies are reshaping case management of HIV/AIDS. Punarvine is an herbal (ayurvedic) medicine with endogenous IL-2 and multiple other immune-modulating components. This present study highlights the use of this natural source in a small anti-retroviral (ARV) -naive HIV cohort fro
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:24 (abstract no.. LbOr28)
Youle M, Fisher M, Nelson M, Dykhoff A, Doggett TA, Richardson C, Janossy G, Loveday C, Sullivan A, Johnson M, Tavel J, Fosdick L, Emery S; Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 207 830 2201, E-mail: myoule@rfh1.demon.co.uk.
Background: IL-2 therapy increases CD4+ cell counts (CD4) in subjects receiving anti-retroviral medication. Concern has been expressed that IL-2 alone might cause a sustained increase in HIV replication. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the virological and immunological effects of IL-2 alone in anti-retr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:24 (abstract no.. LbOr29)
Bentwich Z, Kalinkovich A, Borkow G, Quibin L, Wolday D, Maayan S, Landay A, Galai N, Weisman Z; AIDS Center, Rehovot, Israel. Fax: +972-89410461, E-mail: bentwich@agri.huji.ac.il.
Background: We have suggested that helminthic infections make the host susceptible to HIV infection, less able to cope with it, and impaired in protective cellular immunity towards infections including HIV, because of the chronic immune activation (Immunol Today 16:187,1995; ibid 20:485,1999). The study of Ethiopian im
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:16 (abstract no.. LbOr3)
Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Coeur S, Kim S, Karnchanamayul V, Hansudewechakul R, Putiyanun C, Vithayasai V; Institut National d?Etudes Demographiques, Paris, France.
Background: To facilitate ZDV use for the prevention of perinatal HIV in resource limited settings, the optimal treatment duration needs to be determined. Methods: Multicenter, randomized, 4 arm, double-blind equivalence trial to compare safety and efficacy of maternal ZDV starting at 28 wks gestational age (300mg bid;
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:17 (abstract no.. LbOr4)
Blattner W, Cooper E, Charurat M, Thompson B, Hanson C, Mofenson L, Pitt J, Handelsman E, Diaz C, Hayani K, Smeriglio V, Hoff R; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD 21202. Fax: 410 706-1944, E-mail: blattner@umbi.umd.edu.
Objective: The WITS, a prospective clinical cohort study, has followed pregnant women with HIV-1 infection since 1989 through time periods characterized by different therapies. The current study evaluates the impact of different therapeutic strategies on viral load at delivery and perinatal transmission. Design: Plasma
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:17 (abstract no.. LbOr5)
Gray G; P O Bertsham, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 11 938 39 73.
The PETRA trial, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, conducted under the auspices of UNAIDS in South Africa , Tanzania and Uganda , is unique among studies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT), because of its large sample size, mult
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:17 (abstract no.. LbOr6)
Coutsoudis A; University of Natal, Congella, South Africa. Fax: +27-31-2604388, E-mail: coutsoud@med.und.ac.za.
Background: Risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 through breastfeeding has not previously been examined in the light of the pattern of breastfeeding. We present the completed results (up to 15 months) of the effect of exclusive breastfeeding vs mixed breastfeeding. Methods: Following counselling, women
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr7)
Vila J, Rodriguez CG, Maidana MM, Capurro AF; Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fax: +54 11 47 84 54 00 int.2533, E-mail: invest@ub.edu.ar.
Background: The objective of this study is to analize if the regimens with HU can be considered as first line treatments (T) for naive patients (pts.). Material and methods: An open label study were developed March 1995 to April 2000. To be included the patients had to present detectable Viral Load (VL) and to comply w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr8)
Aboulhab J, Karim F, Verghese I, Leo YS, Chapman C, Paton N;;; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
Background: Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine are inexpensive drugs with anti-HIV activity in-vivo, and synergistic activity with hydroxyurea and didanosine in-vitro. We performed a prospective open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine,hydroxyurea and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:18 (abstract no.. LbOr9)
Kityo C, Ogwal JW, Kibuuka H, Atwine D, Kebba A; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda. Fax: +256-041-342632, E-mail: jcrc@starcom.co.ug.
Background: The greatest burden of HIV infection is in developing countries which have poor access to anti-retroviral therapy and limited resources to buy the drugs. Hydroxychloroquine, a very cheap drug has been shown to have anti-HIV activity both in vitro and in vivo. This study proposes to evaluate the safety and t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:31 (abstract no.. LbPeA7001)
Sedlacek D, Subrt I; dr. E. Benese, Czech Republic. Fax: +420 19 7422691, E-mail: sedlacek@fnplzen.cz.
Background: Chemokine receptor CCR5 is an important surface co-receptor structure which is necessary for binding of HIV-1 to target macrophage cell lines serving as reservoirs for HIV CCR5 protein is coded by CCR5 gene. It was previously reported that people with mutated CCR5 gene are HIV-1 resistant due to non-express
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7002)
Saha K, Dave R, Gupta A, Zhang J, Zerhouni B; Children's Research Institute/OSU, Columbus, OH 43205. Fax: 614-722-3273, E-mail: sahak@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu.
HIV-1 uses CD4 as a receptor to infect CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Although previous studies have shown that occasional CD8+ cells may become infected with HIV-1, it was assumed that HIV-1 entered these cells using CD4 receptors either expressed transiently in CD8+ cells or in double-positive T cells. We ha
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7003)
Meell BL; University of Transkei, Forensic Medicine, Umtata, Easter Cape, South Africa. Fax: +27 47 502 2235, E-mail: meel@getafix.utr.ac.za.
Introduction: The Umtata General Hospital (UGH) mortuary has a workload of about 1500 autopsies a year.Infection is the highest risk factor associated with working in the UGH mortuary. It could be simple flu to serious infection like HIV and hepatitis. The risk of HIV is more frightening in the workers where no proper
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7004)
Parral H, Taniguchi Y, Takehisa J; Laboratoire National de Sante Publique, Brazzaville, Congo. Fax: +242 83 61 99/ +81 76 234 4237.
Background: In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo, we investigated 28 HIV-1 isolates obtained Congolese AIDS patients in 1996 and 1997. Methods: A part of the env region including the V3 loop and a part of 5 tat-env C1 region were phylogenctically analyzed. Results: The genotypes o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:32 (abstract no.. LbPeA7005)
Watanaveeradej V, Benenson MW, Chanbancherd P, Polonis VR, Nitayaphan S, Trichavaroj R, de Souza MS, Birx DL, Brown AE, Carr JK; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850. Fax: 301-294-1898, E-Mail: vwatana@hotmail.com.
Two prospective, non-IDU cohorts in Thailand recently showed a high relative prevalence of HIV-1 V3 EIA which were not subtype AE (10%). Genetic investigation of these samples was performed in order to determine their genetic subtype. Objective: To genetically characterize HIV-1 non-subtype AE in Thailand.Methods: Fift
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7006)
Appah Jr F, Lee SK, Samms M, Riley J, Boto W; City College of New York, The City College of the University of New York 10031. Fax: 212-650-7989, E-mail: frankappahjr@mail.com.
The results of this study show that HIV-1 field isolates express two distinct conformational variants of gp120. One subset of the isolates (A--UG06c, B-RT3.12, C-UG045) display a strong beta-turn conformation in the V3 loop and the other subset (D-UG23c, D-UG042 and B-RTI.4) are deficient in the expression of a beta-tu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7007)
Montano M, Essex M; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA 02115. Fax: 617-739-8348, E-mail: mmontano@hsph.harvard.edu.
Background and Methods: Despite the extraordinary amount of HIV-1 genetic diversity within individuals and populations that has identified the global presence of at least 11 subtypes (A-K), the potential link between genetic change, subtype configuration and an adaptive phenotype remains unclear. To assess the potentia
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7008)
Bikandou B, Taniguchi Y, Takehisa J, Mboudjeka I, Harada Y, Nzoukoudi MY, M'Vouenze R, Ido E, Ichimura H, M'Pele P, Parra HJ, Hayami M; Institute For Virus Research, Laboratory of Pathogenic Virus, Kyoto University, Japan. Fax: +81.75.761.9335, E-mail: bbikando@virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Background: In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo, we investigated 28 HIV-1 isolates obtained from Congolese AIDS patients in 1996 and 1997. Methods: A part of the env region including the V3 loop and a part of 5 tat-env C1 region were phylogenetically analyzed. Results: The genoty
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:33 (abstract no.. LbPeA7009)
Beatrice S, Oleszko W, Punsalang A, El-Fishawy M; New York City Department of Health, NY 10016. Fax: 212-447-2877, E-mail: stbeatrice@compuserve.com.
Background: As a result of large numbers of immigrants moving to New York City from HIV-2 endemic areas, since 1988, the NYC Dept of Health (DOH) has been performing HIV-2 antibody (Ab) screening on samples testing inconclusive for HIV- I Ab. However, persons infected with HIV-2 would be missed if they either lacked cr
Background: Regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral transcripts by a viral protein (Rev/Rex) is a characteristic feature in the replication cycle of complex retroviruses. We recently reported that the endogenous retrovirus family HTDV/HERV-K encodes a protein, Corf, which is a cellular counterpart of Rev/Rex f
Background: Reliable site-of-care HIV testing is an essential tool to slow down the spread of HIV, but is biased because of the lack of Western-Blot type confirmation and HIV1/2 differentiation tests. Methods: A new heat stable and sensitive detection system, the optimal catch avidity particles, was developed and used
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:34 (abstract no.. LbPeA7012)
Msowoya K, Marum E, Barnaba A, Feluzi H, Campbell C, Dillon B, Fridlund C, Rayfield M, Nkhoma W; Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization, Limbe, Malawi. Fax: +265-671-110, E-mail: macro@malawi.net.
Background: Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is increasingly recognized as a key intervention for HIV prevention and early access to care. Utilization of VCT, however, has been low in Malawi and other countries in Africa, and access to VCT has been limited by inadequate, centralized laboratory facilities. In
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:35 (abstract no.. LbPeA7013)
Casteling A, Martin D, Napier G; Toga Laboratories, Edenvale, South Africa. Fax: +27 11 4535059, E-mail: alisonc@iafrica.com.
Background: Increasing access to anti-retroviral therapies in South Africa has prompted the need for viral load measurement technologies to assist in making treatment decisions. The two commonly requested viral load assays are RT-PCR(AMPLICOR) and the branched DNA (QUANTIPLEX) assays. We compared the results generated
Background: Diagnosis of HIV-infection children born to HIV- infected mothers is determined by detection of proviral HIV- I DNA or HIV antibody persistence beyond 18 months of age. The objective of this study was to determine whether T-lymphocyte subsets as markers for discrimination between HIN-infected and uninfected
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:35 (abstract no.. LbPeA7015)
York D, Singh B, Gopaul W, Smith A; University of Natal, Department of Virology, Congella, South Africa. Fax: +27 31 360 3744, E-mail: york@med.und.ac.za.
Background: KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is regarded as the epicenter of HIV in Southern Africa. HIV prevalence data suggests that the epidemic is leveling off at just above 31% in the province. In 1999 the prevalence was 31.5% down from 32.5% in 1998. In high prevalence areas there is a need for a simple routine procedure that
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:36 (abstract no.. LbPeA7016)
Cichutek K, Neumann J, Spielhofen A, Groeschel B, Miller V, Stazewski S, Doerr HW, Flory E; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany. Fax: +49 6103 77 12 55.
Identifying the immunologic and virologic consequences of anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients is of major importance in developing long-term treatment strategies for patients with HIV-infection. We designed a random trial to charaterize these immunological parameters after highly active anti-retroviral the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:36 (abstract no.. LbPeA7017)
Elbeik T, de Souza M, Sriplienchan S, Trichavaroj R, Chuenchitra C, Nassos P, Ng VL; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 94110. Fax: 415-206-3045, E-mail: elbeik@its a.ucsf.edu.
Background: Two commercially available HIV viral load assays (Bayer bDNA, v. 3.0, bDNA ; Roche Amplicor Monitor, v. 1.5, Ampticor ) detect all reference isolates within group M (subtypes A, B, C, D and E) at a single concentration of 4.4 logl0 virus particles/mL. Objective: 1) To compare precision and absolute values b
Background: Ethiopia has the third largest estimated HIV-1 infected population in the world. Until recently, HIV prevalence estimates obtained from studies in various Ethiopian population groups were regularly increasing year after year. Since 1995, we have established a sentinel surveillance system in Addis Ababa, the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:36 (abstract no.. LbPeA7019)
Muller-Trutwin M, Gueye A, Diop OM, Kornfeld C, Faye A, Mathiot C, Corbet S, Barre-Sinoussi F; Unite de Biologic des Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 45 68 89 57, E-mail: mmuller@pasteur.fr.
Background: Chronic SIVagm infection in African Green Monkeys (AGM) is characterised by a persistently low viral load in axillar and inguinal lymph modes (LN) that correlates with the lack of disease in these animals. In order to better understand the persistent control of viral load in AGMs, we quantified viral RNA in
Issues: In most patients HAART therapy has resulted in a significant restoration of immunocompetence against other infections but an insufficient immunological suppression of HIV resulting in a rebound of HIV after cessation of therapy. As this suggests that HIV-specific T-cell clones are lost at earlier stages of infe
Antibodies neutralizing a broad range of primary isolates (PI) are very difficult to induce by vaccination. These antibodies can however sometimes be detected in sera from HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study is to characterize the neutralizing antibodies induced in HIV-infected individuals and to determine
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:37 (abstract no.. LbPeA7022)
Parren P, Marx P, Cheng-Mayer C, Harouse J, Moore J, Burton D;;; The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology, La Jolla, CA. Fax: 858-784-8360, E-mail: parren@scripps.edu.
Background: Neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 will most likely play an important role in a vaccine against HIV-1 and may be useful in passive immunoprophylaxis of HIV-1 infection. Passive transfer of neutralizing antibodies in animals models has been shown to provide protection against HIV-1 challenge. Most HIV-1 i
Nepal is a small Himalayan Kingdom sandwiched between two huge nations, India in South and China in North. Around 5,000 - 7,000 girls are trafficked to India annually by pimps with false assurances of lucrative employment and marriages.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:38 (abstract no.. LbPeA7024)
Kinter A, Umscheid C, Arthos J, Cicala C, Chun TW, Ehler L, White A, Jackson R, Donoghue E, Fauci A; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Fax: 301-402-4122, E-mail: akinter@niaid.nih.gov.
Background: Resting CD4+ T (RT4) cells are a well characterized cellular HIV reservoir believed to play an important role in the persistence of HIV in vivo following long-term HAART. It is not clear whether this cellular HIV reservoir contributes to the low level viral replication demonstrated to occur in many HAART tr
The mechanism by which HIV-1 kills CD4+ T lymphocytes remains largely unknown. A clear understanding of the death process occurring in infected cells may provide valuable insight to the viral component responsible for cytopathicity. This information, in turn, can aid in the design of preventative treatments against the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:38 (abstract no.. LbPeA7026)
Mampuru L, Mayhew C, Abotsi E, Becker R, Rangnekar V, Ahmed M; University of the North, Department of Biochemistry, Province, South Africa. Fax: +27-15-268-3234, E-mail: leseilanem@unin.unorth.ac.za.
Murine Leukaemia virus (LP-BM5 MuLV) is a retrovirus mixture capable of eliciting AIDS-like syndromes, termed murine AIDS(MAIDS). We used murine bone marrow-derived stromal cells to study the events associated with LP-BM5 MuLV infection on the process of apoptosis. Bone marrow stromal cells serve as viral reservoirs du
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7027)
Smith D, Cannon M, Dollard S, Klein R, Schuman P, Rich J, Vlahov D, Pellett P; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. Fax: 404-639-6118, E-mail: dks0@cdc.gov.
Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causal agent of Kaposi s sarcoma, is transmitted sexually among men who have sex with men. However, it is not yet clear whether HHV-8 is transmitted via other routes, such as blood. Methods: We studied HHV-8 infection in the HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) study cohort, whic
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7028)
Webster-Cyriaque J, Raab-Traub N; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599. Fax: 919-966-3015, E-mail: jennifer@med.unc.edu.
Background: Opportunistic DNA viruses are frequently the etiologic agents of AIDS associated oral lesions. Of known AIDS associated oral lesions only the immuno-deficiency-associated hairy leukoplakia (HLP) lesion is capable of abundant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) virus production and is the only pathologic manifestation
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7029)
Gorochov G, Hartley O, Dorgham K, Perez-Bercaff D, David A, Gaertner H, Offord RE, Pancino G, Debre P; Faculty of Paris, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 42 17 74 90, E-mail: guy.gorochov@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr.
Background: The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are promising targets for HIV therapy. We have used a phage display aproach to isolate mutant forms of RANTES with antiviral activity considerably in excess of the native sequence. Methods: The mutants were selected from a library whose design was informed by existing
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:39 (abstract no.. LbPeA7030)
Price D, Chao SH, Fujinaga K, Marion J, Taube R, Sausville E, Senderowicz A, Peterlin M; University of Iowa, Department of Biochemistry, Iowa City 52242. Fax: 319-335-9570, E-mail: david-price@uiowa.edu.
Flavopiridol (L86-8275, HMR1275) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor that is used in clinical trials as a cancer treatment because of its antiproliferative properties. We found that the flavonoid inhibited the kinase activity of P-TEFb with a Ki of 3 nM and was not competitive with ATP. P-TEFb comprised of Cdk
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7031)
De Mendoza C, Zamora L, Ciria L, Fortuny C, Gonzalez-Hinjos M, Garcia F, De Jose MI, Ramos JT, Asensil F, Soriano V; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Fax: +34 91 733 66 14, E-mail: CMENDOZA@teleline.es.
A prospective, multicenter, open trial of d4T plus ddl in children with asymptomatic HIV infection, naive for anti-retroviral therapy or without treatment for the last 3 months, and with plasma viral load
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7033)
Engelhardt DL, Liu D, Wit Q, Ho J, Dunn E, Ng J, Cowan M, Conant M, Eden C, Laurence J, Thalenftld B; Enzo Biochem, New York, NY 10022. Fax: +1 212-583-0150, E-mail: Info@corp.enzobio.com.
Objective: To restore immunocompetency in HIV-1-infected individuals by establishing a sustained population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC expressing anti-HIV-1 antisense RNA and resistant to HIV-1 infection. Methods: A routine retrovirus- based transducing vector, HGTV-43, was developed to deliver three U
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7034)
de la Pena N, Lutwick L, Sathe S; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203. Fax: +1 718-270-2465, E-mail: Ndelap1070@aol.com.
We report a case of a 44-year old African-American man from New Jersey, USA with a history of sarcoidosis, AIDS(CD4=24,Viral Load=130,000) for 4 years and not on HAART because of intolerance, who presented with a 6-month history of coughing, intermittent hemoptysis and low-grade fever, a 20-lb weight loss and drenching
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7035)
Novitsky V, Flores P, Chingwedere P, Gaolekwe S, Bussman H, Sebetso G, Marlink R, Yunis E, Essex M; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115. Fax: +1 617-739-8348, E-mail: vnovi@hsph.harvard.edu.
HIV-1 C is a dominant HIV-1 subtype worldwide responsible for a severe HIV-1 epidemic in Southern Africa. To facilitate the design of the HLA basedanti-HIV vaccine we studied the distribution of the HLA class I alleles in Botswana . At least three reasons establish Botswana as a potential candidate for the vaccine tria
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:40 (abstract no.. LbPeA7036)
Kutikuppala SR, Pilli RD; Sri Surya Clinic, Kancharapalem, India. Fax: +91-891-55 73 92, E-mail: kutikupp@surya.netsourceonline.com.
Background: HIV - 1 transmission during intercourse has become a primordial aspect of the AIDS epidemic. Efforts to reverse or stop this distrubing trend include development of a safe broad spectrum, female controlled Microbicides for use during intercourse. Vaginal Microbicide Gel formation SUNRAY - 1000 has been demo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:41 (abstract no.. LbPeB7037)
Ellerbrock T, Conley LJ, Bush TJ, Chiasson MA, Sawol D, Wright TC;;; Atlanta, GA 30333. Fax: +1 404 639 6118.
Background: Little is known about vulvovaginal lesions associated with human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This information is needed to develop guidelines for clinical care of these women. Method: A total of 925 women were evaluated at semiannual gynaecolog
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:41 (abstract no.. LbPeB7038)
Agarwal SK, Singh A, Baveja UK, Subramanian A, Kapoor AK, Agarwal K, Singh NP, Prakash A; Maulana Azad Medical College, Dept of Medicine, Delhi, India. Fax: +91-11-3236437, E-mail: drashok@del3.vsnl.net.in.
Background: The present study was conducted to assess and compare the cytokine profiles in HIV +ve patients with and without Pulmonary Tuberculosis(PTB). Methods: 20 HIV +ve patients and 20 controls were divided into 4 groups of 10 each- group 1-HIV +ve patients without PTB, group 2-HIV +ve patients with PTB, group 3-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:42 (abstract no.. LbPeB7039)
Kocheleff P, Thembela B, Ndabaneze E, Dewar J, Borggreve GC, Sinevici C, Stoker A, Nys P; Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 33 347 14 96, E-mail: aklex@mweb.co.za.
Background: In developed countries, T.E. is the most frequent aetiology of cerebral masses among AIDS patients. Information from developing countries is scarce. In KwaZulu-Natal, HIV prevalence reaches 33%. We have studied retrospectively the clinical, radiological. and response to therapy of T.E. Method: Review of AID
Objectives: To assess the sero-prevalence of HIV- 1 infection in patients with cervical cancer. Whether HIV-1 infection has a relationship with the histological appearance of the tumour. Whether HIV- 1 infection could be a risk factor in patients aged less than 30 years. Methodology: 117 Patients in Mulago Hospital wit
Background: IFN therapy in HCV chronic hepatitis (HCH) in HIV coinfected patients (HIV-HCV) is poorly effective. Since the combination therapy Interferon + Ribavirin (IFN-RIBA) improves the efficacy in nonHIV pts, we evaluate tolerance of IFN-RIBA for HIV-HCV. Methods: 32 consecutive HIV-HCV pts (8 female, 24 male), me
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:43 (abstract no.. LbPeB7044)
Katlama C; Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France.
Background: Simple, potent anti-retroviral (ARV) regimens that enhance adherence and are well tolerated are needed. Substitution of complicated ARV regimens with efavirenz (EFV)-based therapy may provide these benefits. Methods: Randomized, multicenter, open-label study. Patients receiving a regimen containing PI(s) +
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:43 (abstract no.. LbPeB7045)
Mirajkar I; ACILS, New Delhi, India, E-mail: abacusl2@bol.net.in.
Issue: Sensitize workers affiliated with INTUC (Indian national Trade Union Congress) on issues around HIV/AIDS prevention and care in order to decrease stigma and discrimination at the workplace and create a supportive environment for protecting the rights of workers affected by HIV/AIDS. Description of project: 20 re
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:43 (abstract no.. LbPeB7046)
Squires K;;; University of Alabama, Division of Infectious Diseases, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006. Fax: +1-205-934-6398, E-mail: kathleen@byrd1917.his.uab.edu.
Background: The Atlantic Study was designed to compare the safety, activity and durability of d4T / ddI / 3TC , d4T/ddI/
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:44 (abstract no.. LbPeB7047)
Servais J, Lambert C, Plesseria JM, Fontaine E, Robert I, Arendt V, Staub T, Schneider F, Hemmer R, Burtonboy G, Schmit JC;;; Centre de Recherche Public Sante Luxembourg, Laboratoire de Retrovirologie, Luxembourg. Fax: +352.4411.6113, E-mail: retrovirology@chl.lu.
Objectives: To study the significance of PI resistance assays in HAART failure. Methods: For 26 patients in virological failure despite two NRTI and one PI ( indinavir , ritonavir , saquinavir )
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:44 (abstract no.. LbPeB7048)
Kurowski M, Kaeser B, Popescu M, Mroziekiewicz A, Arslan A, Staszewski S; HIV-LAB c/o Auguste-Viktoria Krankenhaus, Auguste Viktoria Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany. Fax: +49-30-790 32 005, E-mail: labor-kurowski@t-online.de.
Background: Nelfinavir (NFV) 1250mg BID has anti-retroviral efficacy comparable to the initially registered NFV 750mg TID regimen. In singledose studies in healthy volunteers, NFV exposure was increased under fed conditions compared to fasting. Objective: To investigate the effect of two different breakfasts on the pha
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:44 (abstract no.. LbPeB7049)
Hsyu PH, Lewis R, Tran J, Lillibridge J, Schultz-Smith M, Kerr B;;; Agouron Pharm. Inc., San Diego, CA 92121. Fax: +1 858-678-8248, E-mail: poe.hsyu@agouron.com.
Introduction: Combination of mini-doses (100-200 mg/day) of RTV with saquinavir and indinavir has been used to increase the levels of the two protease inhibitors . In this study, various investigational combination
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:45 (abstract no.. LbPeB7050)
Montaner J, Hogg R, Yip B, Chan K, Craib K, O'Shaughnessy M; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fax: 604-806-8527, E-mail: jmontaner@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Background: The benefits of triple-drug anti-retroviral regimens, are well established. The optimal time for therapy initiation remains controversial. We characterized the effectiveness of anti-retroviral therapy initiated at various CD4 and plasma HIV-RNA thresholds. Methods: A population-based cohort analysis of anti
Background: When to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the most important questions facing clinicians in countries in which ART is commonly used. Methods: We analysed data from CDC s Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (ASD), a medical record review study of HIVinfected patients (pts) in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:45 (abstract no.. LbPeB7052)
Somero M, Cone LA, Liguori ML; Palm Springs, CA 92262. Fax: 760-322-6789.
Adefovir dipivoxil (Preveon) is a nucleotide pro-drug that is converted in the body to PMEA, the active metabolite. Viruses resistant to ZDV, ddl and ddC and multidrug resistant viruses with the 15l mutation are susceptible to adefovir. The M184V mutation appears too hypersensitive to adefovir in vitro.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:45 (abstract no.. LbPeB7053)
Abrams D, Leiser R, Shade S, Hilton J, Elbeik T; University of California San Francisco 94110. Fax: 415-502-2991, E-mail: dabrams@php.ucsf.edu.
Background: Cannabinoid use could potentially alter HIV RNA levels by two mechanisms- immune modulation or through cannabinoid:protease inhibitor interactions as both share cytochrome p450 metabolic pathways. Widespread use of smoked marijuana in patients for symptomatic HIV infection in San Francisco prompted this saf
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:46 (abstract no.. LbPeB7054)
Mallal S, Nolan D; Royal Perth Hospital, Dept of Clinical Immunology, Australia. Fax: +61 8 9224.2920, E-mail: mallal @prodigal.murdoch.edu.au.
Background: The histopathological features of wasted subcutaneous fat in PI-treated patients have been described. Here we compare the ultrastructural features of affected fat in PI-treated and Pl-naive patients with fat redistribution. Methods: Excision biopsies from the supra-iliac region of four affected patients inc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:46 (abstract no.. LbPeB7055)
Santoro D, Visona R, Pusterla L; S. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy, E-mail: owsle@tin.it.
Background: Intermittent Acute Porphyria(IAP), deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase, presents as porphyric attack (PA): abdominal colics, confusion and convulsions or neuropathy. Menses, contraceptives and anticonvulsants precipitate the PA. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in a HIV patient (PT) with (IAP) is reported.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:46 (abstract no.. LbPeB7056)
Agnoletto V, Martini M, Delia S, Adriani B, Nasta P, Di Pietro M, Filippini P, Lesmo C, Recchia E; LILA Italian League for the Fight against Aids, Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 515102, E-mail: lila@ecn.org.
Objectives: To measure frequency, typologies of adherence to antiretroviral therapies and factors related to it, at specific time points (5 surveys) and during 18 months. To investigate the relation between adherence and therapeutic outcome. Methods: Multicenter longitudinal study. Data collected through questionnaires
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7057)
De Montaigne AB, Filisetti S, Parizot I, Lebas J, Chauvin P; Institut de l'Humanitaire, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 56 95 02 29, E-mail: ab.demontaigne@wanadoo.fr.
Background: A sociological study carried out among hospital outpatients showed a strong link between their adherence to and compliance with HAART, their perception of treatment constraints and side effects, and the way they handle HIV infection socially (see ref. ThPeB5004). A quantitative study was undertaken to asses
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7058)
Rashid JR, Koech D, Orinda, Tukei P, Benkendorfer TR, Wasunna KM, Mbui J, Otieno P, Kirigi G, Kinoti DM; Kenya Medical Research Institutt (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: drben@viron50.com.
Objective: To determine whether germanium sesquioxide or its combination with interferon alfa can be efficacious and safe compared to asymptomatic hiv-1 individuals. Methodology: Thirty-six asymptomatic HIV-1 individuals of the age of 18 years and above were enrolled into the study. They gave a voluntary informed conse
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7059)
Hassad R; UCLA, Family Studies Unit, New York, NY 10038. Fax: +1 212-233-4690, E-mail: rhassad@ucla.edu.
Introduction: There is an apparent conformity to the theoretical research design hierarchy in an area that has defied logic and common schools of thought. After almost 2 decades, about 20 anti-retroviral drugs, over 500 triple therapy regimens, and the emergence of multiple drug resistant strains of HIV, there remains
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:47 (abstract no.. LbPeB7060)
Onyango LM, Lenya R, Njoroge M; Gertrude Garden Community AIDS Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: +254-2-339165.
Background: Gertrude Garden hospital was started fifty years ago in remembrance of Edith Grogan, wife to Colonel Grogan. Its is a unique institution in a number of ways. It is the only hospital in the sub-Saharan region that is exclusively devoted to child health care. It is designed to provide a children friendly envi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:48 (abstract no.. LbPeB7061)
Collazos J, Mayo J, Martinez E; Hospital de Galdakao, Section of Infectious Diseases, Vizcaya, Spain. Fax: +34 94 400 71 33.
Background: Medical care has substantially changed many clinical and immunological features of HIV-infected patients throughout the years. However, it is unclear whether these characteristics have also changed in the absence of medical interventions. Methods: A total of 1076 patients seen from 1985 to 1999 were studied
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:48 (abstract no.. LbPeB7062)
Esposito S, Corsil L, Adorni F, Codini G, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Principi N; L. Sacco Hospital, Paediatric Department IV, Milan, Italy. Fax: +39 02 356 73 46.
Issues: The introduction of combination anti-retroviral therapy, improvements in prophylaxis of opportunistic infections and better access to care have led to reports of falling mortality rates among adults infected with HIV-1. We examined the effects of changes in the management of HIV infection on family structures i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:48 (abstract no.. LbPeB7063)
Mazzotta F, Martim M, Agnoletto V, Carosi G, Guarinieri M, Paoletti F, Paoletti F; Via dell'Antella, Florence, Italy. Fax: +39 055 2496234, E-mail: malin.mazzotta@tin.it.
Background: The introduction of PI drugs and the resulting regimens complexity have raised concerns that some patients, especially drug users, may be unable to follow correctly treatment regimens, leading to exclusion of them from therapy. Methods: Multicenter observational study. Patients were interviewed by trained p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7064)
Phiri C, Marum E, Epino H, Mwafulira J, Kachiza C, Phiri L, Chimwaza M; Salima AIDS Support Organization, Blantyre, Malawi. Fax: +265-671-110, E-mail: (care of) emarum@malawi.net.
Background: Home based care (HBC) services for patients with AIDS are recommended in Malawi and elsewhere in Africa as hospitals do not have the manpower or resources to provide long term in-patient care. Quality of care provided by these programs has not been well studied or documented. Methods: In March, 2000, 50 HBC
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7065)
Agnoletto V, Martini M, Carosi G, Cargnel A, Mazzotta F, Guarinieri M, Corso S, Paoletti F, Lesmo C; LILA - Italian League for the Fight against AIDS, Milan, Italy. Fax: 0039 02 515102, E-mail: lila@ecn.org.
Background: Identifying patients perceptions of disease and therapy is fundamental for adherence to anti-retroviral therapy. Methods: Multicenter observational study. Data collection tools: 1)questionnaire on compliance (48 items), patient perceptions and treatment-related issues (140 items); 3)standardised attitude te
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7066)
Krishnamoorthy S, Rehak J; Western New York AIDS Treatment Group, Buffalo, NY. Fax: +1-716-892-6191, E-mail: satyakrishna@hotmail.com.
Objectives: The work of Western New York AIDS Treatment Group (WNYATG) has been instrumental in wider access to information and better treatment. This model of activism is described as an effective catalyst towards positive change at three levels:a) our understanding of HIV b) the promotion of safer behavioral practice
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:49 (abstract no.. LbPeB7067)
Buitrcin M, Rouillon M; Peru_Meds_Pipeline, Long Beach, CA 90813. Fax: +1 562-983-1421, E-mail: mbuitron@csulb.edu.
Issues: While many medications go unused in developed countries, delivery of these surplus medications to those who may benefit can be problematic. Description: Several factors need to be taken into consideration before beginning this type of project. First is the necessity of a healthcare infrastructure. To receive th
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:50 (abstract no.. LbPeC7068)
Ortiz Nufiez E, Arredondo Paz A, Child Goldenberg R; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: eortiz@minsal.cl.
Background: Measure demographic impact of deaths caused by AIDS & describe trends. Methods: Analysis of the primary causes of death (CoD) among men & women, ages 20 and 44 (accounting for 80% of AIDS cases in 97). Calculation of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to AIDS & accidents by birth cohort, for compariso
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:50 (abstract no.. LbPeC7069)
Ortiz Nunez E, Arredondo Paz A, Child Goldenberg R; National AIDS Commision, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: eortiz@minsal.cl.
Background: Evaluate quality of PESS for AIDS since 90, estimating the under-reporting of cases & evaluating the timely case reporting. Methods: To calculate under-reported cases, we evaluated the system s sensitivity reviewing death certificates with AIDS or AIDS/HIV-related as cause of death. Total was compared w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:50 (abstract no.. LbPeC7070)
Child Goldenberg R, Arredondo Paz A, Ortiz Nunez E; National Commision of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Study the prevalence of HIV infections & trend over time for decision-making. Methods: 2 populations studied: pregnant women (P) & individuals seeking care for STD (CSTD) in regions with higher AIDS incidence rates, without changing the care centers over time. Anonymous non-linked study, consecutive
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7071)
Arredondo Paz A, Ortiz Nunez E, Diaz Herrera JE, Child Goldenberg R; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Estimate bias in the reporting of AIDS cases for information adjustment. Methods: Death certificates (DC) are issued for all deceased. MD certify cause of death (97.3% in 1996). DC has good quality, & are sent to MOH, where those diagnoses with AIDS, HIV, immune defic or AIDS-related diseases are identi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7072)
Changalucha J, Grosskurth H, Ross D, Mwita W, Todd J, Mayaud P, Hayes R; National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania. Fax: + 255 68 500019, E-mail: mema@twiga.com.
Background: In many countries, sentinel surveillance has been used to provide information on the prevalence and trends of HIV and syphilis infection. However, there is limited information on the comparability of HIV and syphilis prevalences in pregnant worrien attending ANC and women in the general population. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7073)
Bukutu C;;; Universitv of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Fax: +44-1223-330349, E-mail: cpb26@hermes.cam.ac.uk.
Background: Estimates of HIV incidence are crucial for gauging the current and future burden of the AIDS epidemic in at risk populations. Since 1990 the Unlinked Anonymous HIV Seroprevalence Programme (UAS) in pregnant women has provided Serial HIV prevalence data. However, the use of such data to derive HIV incidence
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:51 (abstract no.. LbPeC7074)
Richter A, Loomis B, Wechsberg W; Research Triangle Institute, Williams House, United Kingdom. Fax: +44-161-232-3409, E-mail: anke@rti.org.
Issues: The North Carolina Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Intervention Research implemented two interventions with an urban, high-risk, primarily African-American, crack and injection drug-using population. Estimated costs for the standard intervention are $242 per person, and the costs of the enhanced intervention are
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:52 (abstract no.. LbPeC7075)
Loukaka JC, Tran Minh T, Bodzongo D, Sebbag R, Puruhence M, Mantion S, Gentilini M; c/o Croix-Rouge Francaise, Paris, France. Fax: +33 1 444 312 34.
Study Aim: To determine HIV seroprevalence among parturients in Brazzaville and Pointe Noire, Republique du Congo, in order to guide HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. Study method: This transversal, anonymous, non-correlated seroprevalence survey was conducted between March and April, 2000 in a random sample of 568 partu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:52 (abstract no.. LbPeC7076)
Zijlstra EE, Banda HT, Harries AD, Samb B, Boereel MJ; College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi. Fax: +265 667 441.
Background: Cotrimoxazole is of potential benefit for patients with HIV/AIDS and may prevent bacterial infections as well as infections with toxoplasmosis, Pneurnocystis carinii, Isospora belli and perhaps malaria. Methods: We are conducting a study in selected HIV infected, smear postive
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:52 (abstract no.. LbPeC7077)
Jarrousse B, Perdigon E, Bentata-Pessayre M, Rouges F, Mahr A, Lortholary O; CHU Avicenne - Universite Paris-Nord, Bobigny, France. Fax: +33 1 48955887, E-mail: bernard.jarrousse@avc.ap-hop-paris.fr.
Background: Despite the impact of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), patients unaware of their HIV status still present to an emergency department with AIDS defining illness (ADI). Objective : To determine whether sociodemographic characteristics influence patterns of presentation, treatment and outcome, im
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:53 (abstract no.. LbPeC7078)
van de Ven P, Prestage G, Knox S, Crawford J, Grulich A, Allen B, Fowler D, Kippax S; National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Fax: +61 2 9385-6455, E-mail: p.vandeven@unsw.edu.au.
Background: To monitor changes and factors associated with sexual risk practice among gay men in Sydney. Method: Nine periodic surveys of gay men were conducted six-monthly from Feb 1996 to Feb 2000 at four consistent sites: two sex-on-premises venues, a gay sporting venue, a sexual health centre (average n=565). Every
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:53 (abstract no.. LbPeC7079)
Leutschet P, Reimert CM, Christensen NO, Vennervald BJ; Institut Pasteur, Madagascar.
HIV-1 seropositive men are detected with increased seminal HIV-1 RNA concentrations in the presence of urethritis. The local generation of interleukins and tumor necrosis factor in response to bacterial infection has been suggested in being responsible for an increased transport into the urogenital tract of cells harbo
Background: HIV prevalence is increasing rapidly in South Africa . The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemic of HIV among women aged 15 to 25 years in a South Africa mining town and to investigate risk factors for HIV infection and in particular HSV-2. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7081)
Leon Diaz EM, Arredondo Paz A, Ortiz Nunez EC, Peruga A, Cuchi P;;; Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas, Cuba. Fax: +537.33.3083, E-mail: Techy@one.gov.cu.
Background: To compare across countries the prevalence of 2 behaviors: sex with occasional sexual partners (OSP) in the last 12 months among sexually actives in same period, and use of condom in their last encounter with OSP. Methods: Analysis of crossectional probabilistic samples larger than 3100 from population-base
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7082)
Ross D, Changalucha J, Todd J, Balira R, Mosha F, Peeling R, Grosskurth H, Mabey D, Hayes R; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM Collaborative Research Projects, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania. Fax: + 255 68 500019, E-mail: mema@twiga.com.
Background: A community-randomized trial is being conducted in rural Tanzania to assess the impact of an adolescent reproductive health intervention that primarily targets pupils in the last three years of primary school. Trial outcomes include the frequency of HIV, other STIs, pregnancy and reported sexual behaviour.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7083)
Goncalves MA, Massad E, Villa LL, Burattini MN; School of Medicine, The University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fax: + 55 11 2909838, E-mail: mnburatt@usp.br.
Background: Among HIV-positive women, infection with multiple HPV types is known to be more frequent and persistent, as well as a greater prevalence of high grade genital lesions. This study aims to characterize, for the first time in Brazil , HPV presence and types among HIV-positive women of a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:54 (abstract no.. LbPeC7084)
Facanha M, Pinheiro A, Lima JR, Guerrciro MD, Cavalcante MD, Rouquayrol MZ, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil. Fax: +, 55 21 85 288-8044, E-mail: mfacanha@ufc.br.;;;
Background: By now changing in the sexual behavior seems the best way to prevent AIDS. If someone intends to modify it, he must know it before an intervention. This study aim was to know some aspects of medical students sexual behavior. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire with 33 questions was voluntarily answered
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:55 (abstract no.. LbPeC7085)
Kityo C, Schmidt C, Kebba A, Atwiine D, Mukasa B, Nielsen L, Mugyenyi P, Johnson J, Hom D, Mbidde EK, Salata B, Mugerwa R; Joint Clinical Research Center, Mengo, Uganda. Fax: +256 41 34 26 32, E-mail: jcrc@starcom.co.ug.
Introduction: HIV-1 preventive candidate vaccines would ideally be tested for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in developing countries with the highest rates of infection. The first of such studies is being conducted in Uganda . Selection of volunteers was based on previously established criteria of HIV vaccine tria
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:55 (abstract no.. LbPeC7086)
Sousselier M, Sousselier B, Arouko H; Missions Pharmaceutiques Humanitaires, Perigueux, France. Fax: +33 5 53 07 71 90, E-mail: michel.sousselier@wanadoo.fr.
Objective: To reduce mother to child transmission of HIV. Purpose: HIVNET 012 showed that a dose of 200 mg of nevirapine administered to the mother at the beginning of the labour, then a dose of 2 mg / kg of nevirapine administered to the newborn child in the 72 hours which follow birth, reduced significantly the risk
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:55 (abstract no.. LbPeC7087)
Vergara PT, Sapatnekar SM, Joshi SR, Sultan M, Sultan S, Bhalala US; Univ. of California, Davis, Monte Sereno, CA 95030. Fax: 91-22-6443572, E-mail: ptvergara@ucdavis.edu.
The Issues: Due to an increasing number of HIV positive (HIV +) women of reproductive age, focus on HIV training in the field of Obstetrics/Gynecology to prevent vertical transmission is increasing. Now a routine prenatal test, the HIV test in a pregnant woman often leads to testing the husband. For poor economic group
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:56 (abstract no.. LbPeC7088)
Lagarde E, Carael M, Auvert B, Buve A; INSERM U88, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France. Fax: +33 1 45 18 38 89, E-mail: e.lagarde@st-maurice.inserm.ft.
Background: The efficacy of condoms in preventing HIV/STDs transmission is well established but overall rates of condom use in subSaharan Africa have remained so far too low to curb the epidemics. Promotion of condom use could be improved by a better understanding of its main determinants. Methods: A stanclardised cros
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:56 (abstract no.. LbPeC7089)
Souville M, Msellati P, Malaval C, Tape G; INSERM U379, France.
Background: Since August 98, the IC Minister of Health has introduced with the support of UNAIDS the DAI whose one of the goals is to increase access of HIV-infected patients (pts) to anti-retroviral treatment (ARVT). Similar biological eligibility criteria than in developed countries (CD4 cell counts
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:56 (abstract no.. LbPeC7090)
Bos J, Fennema H, Postma M; GUIDE Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration, Groningen, Netherlands. Fax: +31 50 363 7943, E-mail: j.bos@farm.rug.nl.
Objectives: Estimation of the cost-effectiveness of HIV-screening of patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Methods: A Bernoulli model for the secondary transmission of HIV was linked with epidemiological data on co-infection with HIV in patients attending STD-clinics in Amsterdam from 1991
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:57 (abstract no.. LbPeD7091)
Sitgraves M, Marriott V, Howard A; Englewood, New Jersey. Fax: +1 212-749-0614, E-mail: ELAYAL3(Q)aol.com.
Issues: Statistics on AIDS reveal the epidemic of children orphaned when infected parents succomb to the disease. An integrated support system is vital to ensure effective delivery of services to families during painful transition to establish a permanency plan for surviving children. Description: The panel presents mo
During HIV infection the viral tropism seems to be an important determinant of disease progression and AIDS, since the co-receptor utilization of HIV-1 was observed to switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 in more than 50% of AIDS patients. To study the influence of a phenotype switch on SIVagm replication and pathogenity, we modi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:57 (abstract no.. LbPeD7093)
Esposito S, Corsi L, Adorni F, Codini G, Tornaghi R, Zuccotti GV, Principi N; L. Sacco Hospital, Paediatric Department IV, Milan, Italy. Fax: +39 02 356 73 46.
Issues: In addition to the stress of the illness, families affected by HIV face the stresses of secrecy, social stigma and pre-existing social disadvantage and are thus unlikely to have complex medical, psychological and social needs. Description: We analysed family circumstances and social care of 364 children born to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:57 (abstract no.. LbPeD7094)
Sala C, Agnoletto V, Rossi R, Lesmo C, Grieco F, Martinazzoli B, Poli M, Covi A, Losi L; LILA (Lega Italiana per la Lotta contra l'AIDS), Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 51 50 95, E-mail: claudia.lila@ecn.org.
Issue: The last years have shown a strong increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Eastern Europe. Many factors following the recent war, like: the massive presence of foreign military contingents; the disproportion among the male and female population lot fear a similar trend in the ex Yugoslavia territories. From Octobe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:58 (abstract no.. LbPeD7095)
Volpicelli S, Agnoletto V, Luzi A, Geraci S, Spizzichino L, Attisani A, Rossi R, Bizzo MA; LILA (Lega Italiana per In Lotta contro l'AIDS), Milano, Italy. Fax: +39 02 515095, E-mail: stefano.lila@ecn.org.
Background: Developed inside the frame of ALFA and Aids & Mobility Projects (both co-funded by European Commission - DGV) this research was aimed to deepen the knowledge of the informative level on AIDS issues among Migrants. In Italy data on the migrants needs regarding their knowledge of HIV ways of transmission,
Issue: The African-American church has been silent in regards to effectively and passionately addressing the needs of those infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. In addition, there are little or no prevention/ intervention efforts from this influential force in the community. Consequently, more than half of all the people
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:58 (abstract no.. LbPeD7097)
Orobaton N, Chanda D, Ward V; John Snow Inc., Lusaka, Zambia. Fax: +260 1 253 839.
Issues: In urban Zambia , nearly 50 percent of men and less than 20 percent of women cite newspapers as a source of information on HIV/AIDS. Have newspapers been responsive in breaking the silence on HIV/AIDS? Background: A total of 9979 editions of four newspapers, including two that are privately owned, were reviewed
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:58 (abstract no.. LbPeD7098)
Garcia-Sanchez I, Van-Mens L, Romo-Aviles N, Van den Berg R, March-Cerda JC; EASP(Escuela andaluza Salud publica), Campus Universitario Cartuja, Granada, Spain. Fax: +34-958-027-503, E-mail: ines@easp.es.
Issues: Justification, aims, community dimension and added value, outcomes and conclusions of a project that tackles HIV/AIDS/ prevention in women of the general population across Europe. Description: Epidemiological data show increasing prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS and STIs in the general population due to het
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7099)
Carroll R; MD Program in International Health and Medicine, Irving and Joyce Medical School, Israel.
There is a conflict over the true HIV/AIDS situation in Israel . Our research reveals that the major health organizations consider certain populations as high-risk IV drug users, the homosexual/bisexual population, and the immigrant Ethiopian population. For the larger part of the 1990s these groups were kept as the fo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7100)
Khazaal Z, Noor AM; Ministry of Health, Central Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Fax: +971 2 631 3775, E-mail: ZKhazaal@hotmail.com.
This paper describes the National AIDS Control and Prevention Program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The program was established in 1985 as a partnership between governmental and private institutions and organizations with budget allocations from governmental and local sources. The ultimate objective of the program
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7101)
Klofkorn A; World Links for Development, Washington, DC 20433. Fax: +1 263-4 776992, E-mail: akb@zol.co.zw.
The World Links for Development (WorLD) programme, a project of the World Bank Institute, coordinated HIV/AIDS activities in four of their project countries Zimbabwe , South Africa , Ghana and Uganda . Twenty schools participated in an HIV/AIDS education collaborative pr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:59 (abstract no.. LbPeD7102)
Nyarandi TM, Mwanzia SK; University of Nairobi, Kenya. Fax: +254-2-793823, E-mail: monari@Healthnet.or.ke.
Issue: Class absentism, frequent sick-offs, missed lectures, drug shortages, and long queues at the students elinic became common since 1990 at UON. Description: The UON Student-Teacher AIDS Interaction Programme administered questionnaires, conducted direct interviews and perused medical records. Majority of students
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LbPeD7103)
Woods D; Univeristy of Cape Town, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, South Africa, E-mail: dlwoods@uctgshl.uct.ac.za.
The rapidly increasing numbers of pregnant women who are HIV positive present a challenge to midwives and doctors who provide perinatal care in South Africa . An appropriate training course in the management of perinatal HIV/AIDS is urgently needed. Based on the very successful distance learning courses presented by th
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:60 (abstract no.. LbPeD7105)
Katarikawe E, Garb G; World Education, Windhoek, Namibia. Fax: +264 61 240 319, E-mail: charles@iafrica.com.na; lzucker@worlded.org.
The importance of building the capacity for community response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic is increasingly recognised by specialists, however initiatives often fail to recognise the realities of the rural context, including challenges of sustainability and logistics of service delivery. Using a participatory, community-ba
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:65 (abstract no.. LbPeD7121)
Karlyn A, Mussa F; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44-207-299-4637, E-mail: akarlyn@compuserve.com.
Background: Saca cenas , one-night stands, are a common risk practise found among Mozambican youth. In-school youth have adopted consistent condom use as the norm during saca cenas , while out-of-school youth have not. Study Objective: To describe contemporary patterns of risky sexual behavior and condom use among 16-2
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:66 (abstract no.. LbPeD7124)
Warne T, Ngobeni F, Nelson G, Lantos J, Gray G, McIntyre J; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. Fax: +27 773 274-4025, E-mail: trwarne@midway.uchicago.edu.
Background: Soweto s urban African population of over 2 million, accelerating HIV Clade C epidemic, and developed medical infrastructure, make it a likely host community for large-scale HIV vaccine research trials. This survey gathered information on community standards for HIV vaccine research, and gauged willingness
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:66 (abstract no.. LbPeD7125)
Guyon A, Obasi A, Lugoe W, Wamoyi J, Mshana G, Plummer M, Ross D, Ferguson J; Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of. Fax: +255-68-500-742, E-mail: amrefmza@africaonline.co.tz.
Background: The evaluation of HIV/AIDS peer educators (PE) programmes is a priority in the field of sexual health education. As part of a three-year school based health intervention, which is currently evaluated as part of a community randomised trial in Mwanza, Tanzania , 1124 class peer educators (CPEs) in 62 village
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:66 (abstract no.. LbPeD7126)
Visser M; University of Pretoria, Department of Psychology, South Africa. Fax: +27 12-420 2404, E-mail: mjvisser@postino.up.ac.za.
Background: With the aim of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the South African youth a national school-based programme of HIV/AIDS and life skills training has been implemented since 1998. This paper reports on an evaluative study to monitor the implementation of the programme in secondary schools over a perio
Objective: To establish the underlying factors for the unacceptable low levels of HIV/AIDS awareness in a rural high prevalence community. Introduction: Medecins du Monde has for the last seven years run a HIV/AIDS prevention and care programme in Kakuuto County, Rakai District in Uganda . Periodic evaluations that
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:67 (abstract no.. LbPeE7128)
Van Mens L, Van den Berg R; Netherlands' Foundation for STD control, Utrecht. Fax: + 31 30 2331713, E-mail: l.vanmens@soa.nl.
Issues: There continues to be a paradox in the way sex workers are treated. They are stigmatised and thought to be irresponsible because they sell sex but they are made responsible for a major social issue: HIV and STD prevention. Programmes to prevent HIV and STDs in the sex industry will have no great effect as long
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:67 (abstract no.. LbPeE7129)
Melville-Cordner I; DITSHWANELO-The Botswana Centre for Human Rights, Gaborone, Botswana. Fax: +267307778, E-mail: edu.ditshwanelo.
The Issue: The main focus of this paper will be to consider the effect on individual rights and group rights of the introduction of shared confidentiality in the Laws of Botswana in the Botswana Medical Council (Professional Conduct) (Amendment) Regulations, of 1999. Description:We have conducted grassroot research amo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:67 (abstract no.. LbPeE7130)
Marum P, Huff L, Marum S, Champiti-Binauli P, Cisse M; St. Andrews International High School, Blantyre, Malawi. Fax: +265-67 1 -110, E-mail: marum@malawi.net.
Background: In Blantyre Malawi where we attend secondary school, students are worried about AIDS. Teachers may warn about not having sex or other risky behavior, but youth are not always ready to listen to adults. Some schools have formed Edzi Toto clubs for HIV prevention, but our school did not have one. We wanted to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:68 (abstract no.. LbPeE7131)
Burns F, Fakova A, Copas A, Ramalingham G, Thorburn D, Baruah J, French P; Mortimer Market Centre, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 20 75305044, E-mail: f.burns@virgin.net.
Background: In 1996 a retrospective study of HIV positive people within London found that African people presented later with their HIV disease than non-Africans. 1 Advances in HIV therapy and awareness, health promotion, and antenatal testing, all potentially change an individuals attitude towards HIV testing. The aim
Background: The central Mozambican provinces of Manica and Sofala have an HIV seroprevalence of 18-19% in 1998 sentinel maternity surveys. With major road links to Zimbabwe , where HIV rates are even higher, this region is at risk of a severe worsening of the HIV epidemic. We therefore undertook a KABP study of mothers
Issue: This paper explores the US Congress approved 1996 Immigration Reform law, how it is been used selectively against HIV Positive Kosovar Asylum-Claimants in United States over the past one year. Description: Since the end of the NATO ing campaign on the former Yugoslavia and the withdrawal of Serbian troops in Jun
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:69 (abstract no.. LbPeE7134)
Vella S, Di Fabio S, Lapenta C, Spada M, Binelli A, Giannini G, Germinario E, Sestili P, Belardelli F, Proietti E; Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy. Fax: +39 06 49 38 71 99, E-mail: stefanovella@interbusiness.it.
We recently developed a hu-SCID mouse animal model of vaginal transmission of HIV-1 and to answer the question of whether the human lymphocytes could crosses the intact vaginal epithelia, we also report here the in vivo lymphocytes migration studies following intravaginal inocula. Vaginal infection was performed using
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:24 (abstract no.. LbPp101)
Cao Y, Zhang F, Mei S, Gao M, Ding Y, Li L, Lun W, Huang Q, Zhang M, Zheng Z, Chen Z; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China. Fax: +86-10-6779-8042, E-mail: yzcao@163bj.com.
Although widely accessible in the United States and Europe, highly active anti-retroviral (HAART) is still not a therapeutic option for many developing countries including China . We initiated the first efficacy trial of Combivir (
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:25 (abstract no.. LbPp103)
Cardiello P, Kroon E, Worarien W, Ubolyam S, Khongphattanayothin M, Chuenyam M, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand. Fax: +662 252 5779, E-mail: peter.c@chula.ac.th.
Background: Standard dosing of AZT / ddC was shown to better suppress plasma HIV RNA than dosing half in a 48-week study in 111 Thai HIV+ patients. After all patients received the standard dose of AZT/ddC in an 18-week extension, 95 eligible patients entered a ra
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:25 (abstract no.. LbPp104)
Arredondo Paz A, Nunez EO, Diaz EL, Peruga A, Cuchi P; National Commission of AIDS, CONASIDA, Santiago, Chile. Fax: +56.2.6395040, E-mail: rchild@minsal.cl.
Background: Compare sexual behavior in 5 countries in LAC: Chile-CHI, Costa Rica-COR, Cuba-CUB, Mexico-MEX, Dominican Rep.-DOR. Methods: Comparative analysis of representative, probabilistic, door-to-door, pop. surveys of both genders (MEX included only male), sample sizes larger than 3100 applying WHO protocol; indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:26 (abstract no.. LbPp105)
van de Ven P, Bolding G, Craib K, Crawford J, Elford J, Kippax S, Martindale S, Sherr L; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Fax: +61 2 9385-6455, E-mail: p.vandeven@unsw.edu.au.
Background: International comparisons of the association between HIV optimism and sexual risk behaviour among gay men have been hampered by a lack of standardised measures and outcomes. Methods: As part of ongoing behavioural surveillance, gay men were surveyed between Nov 99-May 2000 in Sydney & Melbourne (Syd/Mel
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:26 (abstract no.. LbPp106)
Burattini MN, Massad E, Zanetta DM, Strazza L, Azevedo RS, Carvalho HB, Menezes RX, Ferreira DP; School of Medicine, The University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fax: +55 11 2908838, E-mail: mnburatt@usp.br.
Background: Prevention of HIV among adolescents is increasingly recognized as a public health priority, mainly in developing countries where a growing contingent of disadvantaged youth survive in the streets. We studied the prevalence of HIV and related risk behaviours among disadvantaged youth. Methods: We interviewed
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:26 (abstract no.. LbPp107)
Mbulaiteye SM, Nakiyingi J, Ruberantwari A, Kamali A; UVRI/Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda. Fax: +256 41 321137, E-mail: sammwiidu@hotmail.com.
Background: There have been encouraging downward trends in HIV-1 prevalence reported from Uganda . However, the most valuable information on epidemic trends are incidence rates. We describe trends of HIV incidence and prevalence in a Ugandan population followed for 10 years. Methods: The adult population of 15 neighbou
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:27 (abstract no.. LbPp109)
Murphy G, Parry J, Gupta S, Graham C, Nicoll A, Gill N; Hepatitis and Retrovirus Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 20 8200 1569, E-mail: gmurphy@phls.nhs.uk.
Background: Increased use of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) amongst HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) could be expected to reduce HIV incidence. Using the detuned assay technique, we estimated recent HIV incidence at a time when combination ART was widespread in this group. Methods: The detuned assay was appl
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:27 (abstract no.. LbPp110)
Pronykl P, Kim J, Hausler H; Health Systems Development Unit, Acornhoek, South Africa. Fax: +27 13 797 0082, E-mail: pronyk@soft.co.za.
Issues: Despite broad recognition that underlying social and structural conditions such as poverty and gender inequalities affect vulnerability to HIV infection, there is a serious deficiency in the design and testing of interventions, to engage issues at this level. It is becoming increasingly clear that in the absenc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:27 (abstract no.. LbPp111)
Wood E, Braitstein P, Montaner J, Schechter M, Tydall M, O'Shaughnessy M, Hogg R; Burrard St, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fax: +1 604 806-9044, E-mail: ewood@hivnet.ubc.ca.
Background: There is growing international pressure to provide anti-HIV medications to developing nations, however, the potential impacts have yet to be characterized. We have modelled the future impact of anti-retroviral medication use in South Africa , from 2000 to 2005. Methods: A population projection model, which
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:28 (abstract no.. LbPp112)
Janossy G, Jani I; Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom. Fax: 44-20-74310879, E-mail: janossy@rfhsm.u-net.com.
Background: Recently, efforts have been made to make anti-retroviral therapy available to resource-poor countries. Several vaccines are also to enter large field trials in the near future. In contrast, CD4 counting remains mostly unavailable in developing countries due to its complexity and high costs. Thus, we introdu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:28 (abstract no.. LbPp113)
Maher B, Alfirevic A, Vilar J, Wilkins E, Park BK, Pirmohamed M; University of Liverpool, Department of Pharmacology, United Kingdom. Fax: +44 151 794 5540, E-mail: brimaher@liv.ac.uk.
Background: A fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy; LD), associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and peripheral insulin resistance has been reported in some patients taking protease inhibitors and/or nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The pathogenic mecha
Background: Protease-inhibitor (PI) based HAART is associated with fat accumulation disease. Case reports suggest an improvement of this condition with use of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). Methods: Patients on PI based HAART with fat accumulation disease were randomly double blind assigned to 3 months perio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp115)
Fessel J, Follansbee S, Anderson B, Luu T, Young T; Kaiser Permanente, Clinical Trials Unit, San Francisco, CA 94118. Fax: 415-202-3483, E-mail: jeffrey.fessel@kp.org.
Purpose: To study HDL cholesterol levels in patients on anti-retroviral drugs with central fat expansion. We predicted that HDL levels would be low in these patients since low HDL results in reduced lipid transport to the liver and excess lipid to be stored. Central fat that expands and peripheral fat that wastes have
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp116)
Lalezari J, Cohen C, Eron J, Kilby M, Nelson E, Sista P; Quest Clinical Research, San Francisco, CA 94115. Fax: 415 353-0801, E-mail: drjay@questclinical.com.
We assessed the safety and antiviral activity of the fusion inhibitor T-20 in combination with other ARVs in heavily pre-treated patients. Enrollment in T20-205 was open to patients with prior T-20 experience. Seventy patients (intent to treat [ITT]) received T-20 50 mg BID by subcutaneous injection in combination with
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp117)
Clavreul G, Jirasathaporn V; V 2000 Corporation, Pasadena, CA 91102-0867. Fax: 626-398-5664, E-mail: Raconte@aol.com.
Background: To access the safety, tolerance and efficacy of V-1 in patients with HIV/AIDS who had failed with previous antivirals or who were TX naive but in a state of extreme weakness and cachetic. Methods: The study consisted of 80 individuals (males = 46 and females = 34) with a mean age of 33-1/2 years old. 4 pati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:29 (abstract no.. LbPp118)
van Rensburg CE; University of Pretoria, Dept of Immunology, Pretoria, South Africa. Fax: +27 12 323-0732.
A South African Company [ENERKOM (Pry) Ltd] has developed an unique process to convert bituminouscoal by controlled wet oxidation, followed by base treatment, to form a water-soluble humate calledoxihumate. The effects of oxihumate, which possesses direct anti-HIV activity (to be discussed elsewhere),on various lymphoc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:30 (abstract no.. LbPp119)
Hor BL, Ly PS, Saidel T, Kaoeun C, Detels R, Kaldor J; Family Health International/Asia Regional Office, Phnom Pen, Cambodia. Fax: +855-23-722-515/ 214-90, E-mail: Ihor@bigpond.com.k.
Background: In 1999, an improved surveillance plan was put in place in Cambodia featuring 1) stabilization of the choice of sentinel groups over time 2) improved sampling methods and 3) improved methods for estimation. Methods: The 1999 round of surveillance inc
