Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA102)
Vaslin B, Neildez O, Larghero J, Thiebot H, Benlhassan K, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Clayette P, Dormont D, Le Grand R; B. Vaslin, Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, DSV/DRM/SNV, 60-68 Av. Division Leclerc, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France, Tel.: +33 1 146 547 374, Fax: +33 1 146 547 726, E-mail: vaslin@davidf.cea.fr
Objectives: To evaluate the consequences of initiating HAART within few hours after HIV exposure, using a non human primate model for AIDS. Methods: Twelve cynomolgus macaques were exposed to the pathogenic SHIV89.6p chimera (50AID50 intravenous injection). Monkeys were treated oraly twice a day at 8 hours intervals ei
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA103)
Gay W, Lauret E, Largherd J, Vaslin B, De Maeyer E, Dormont D, Le Grand R, Lauret E; W. Gay, CEA Service de Neurovirologie DSV/DRM/SNV, 60 68 Avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay Aux Roses 92265 BP6, France, Tel.: +33 1 146 549 469, Fax: +33 1 146 647 726, E-mail: wgaylen@aol.com
Objectives: To evaluate, in the model of of macaques infected with a pathogenic SIVmac251, a gene therapy strategy based on the constitutive and low expression of interferon b . We have previously reported that this strategy protects PBL from infection in vitro with SIV and that transduced cells ex vivo, persisted in t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA104)
Franchini G, Hel Z, Poudyal M, Tsai W-P, Giuliani L, Woodward R, Chougnet C, Shearer G, Altman J, Watkins D, Bischofberger N, Abimiku A, Markham P, Tartaglia J; Z.~Hel, National Cancer Institute, 41 Library Drive, Room D804, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States, Tel.: +301-496-23-86, Fax: +301-402-00-55, E-mail: veffa@helix.nih.gov
The highly attenuated NYVAC-SIV-gag-pol-env (gpe)-based vaccine prevents infection and/or the development of AIDS in the SIV251 rhesus macaque model. We modeled this vaccine as a potential therapeutic agent in seroconverter macaques treated with HAART. The NYVAC-SIV-gpe vaccine induced significant levels of SIV p27 Gag
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA105)
Bossuet C, Neildez O, Vaslin B, Feuillat C, Roques P, Sellier P, Dormont D, Le Grand R; C. Bossuet, Cea Service De Neurovirologie DSV/DRM/SNV, 6068 Avenue De La Division Leclerc, Fontenay Aux Roses 92265 BP6, France, Tel.: +33 1 041 654 9469, Fax: +33 1 014 651 7726, E-mail: bossuet@dsvidf.cea.fr
Objectives: In order to evaluate the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after accidental exposure to HIV, we characterized DNA cellular viral loads and viral mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononulcear cells (PBMC) and lymph nodes mononuclear cells (LNMC) during the primary infection of macaqu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA106)
MacDonald KS, Xiong Y, Luscher MA, Ostrowski M, Li B; K.S. MacDonald, Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada, Tel.: +1 416 586 8879, Fax: +1 416 586 8746, E-mail: kmacdonald@mtsinai.on.ca
Background: To characterize a population of CD8+ T cells in acute SIVmac239 infection that bind MHC class I tetramer of Mamu A*01 complexed with the SIVmac gag CTL epitope p11c (CTPYDINQM) but do not respond in T cell functional assay. Methods: A rhesus macaque was acutely infected with SIVmac239 and cells were collect
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA107)
Schupbach J, Ledergerber B, Nadal D, Opravil M, Flepp M, Tomasik Z, Boni J; J. Schupbach, Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30, CH-8028 Zurich/Switzerland, Switzerland, Tel.: (+41)-1-634-3803, Fax: (+41)-1-634-4965, E-mail: jschupb@immv.unizh.ch
Background: HIV load measurement is a prerequirement for the use of any antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1 RNA tests are, however, inaccessible to the majority of infected patients worldwide. It is thus important to provide resource-limited countries with valid alternatives. We have previously demonstrated that two simple m
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA108)
Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Niangi MT, Rouqvet P, Apetrei C, Simon F;;; M. Makuwa, Centre International De Recherches Scientifiques, PO Box 769, Franceville, Gabon, Tel.: +241 677 092, Fax: +241 677 295, E-mail: makuwa@cirmf.sci.ga
Background: Several diagnostic strategies using rapid tests were proposed during the last ten years and recommended for implementation in developing countries. Initial screening assays for HIV diagnosis have been evaluated using panels of sera from subtype B-infected patients. However, the discovery of HIV-1 group O pr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA109)
Withum DG, Janssen RS, Mei J, Fridlund C, Parekh B, Kothe D, Bell C, Candal D, Satten G; D.G. Withum, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia 30333, United States, Tel.: +404 639 20 93, Fax: +404 639 20 29, E-mail: dgw2@cdc.gov
Backgound: STARHS uses a less sensitive (LS) EIA (3A11 Abbott Laboratories, Inc.) to distinguish persons with recent HIV-1 infection. A 3A11-LS assay is non-reactive if a person has been recently infected (average within 129 days) or if reactive, suggests a long-standing HIV-1 infection (average > 129 days). Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA110)
Young NL, Sangtaweesin V, Chaowanachan T, Chokephaibulkit K, Wasinrapee P, Neeyapun K, Jetsawang B, Teeraratkul A, Mastro TD; N.L. Young, HIV/AIDS Collaboration and US Centers for Disease, Control, DMS6 Building MOPH, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 591 5444, Fax: +66 2 580 0696, E-mail: nlyo@cdc.gov
Background: It is simpler to collect, store, and transport blood specimens using filter paper collections (filter- paper) rather than venipuncture collections into blood tubes (blood). We compared HIV DNA and RNA PCR results of specimens collected by filter-paper and blood from babies born to HIV-infected women in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA111)
Kay JW, Tan PL; J.W.D. Kay, Organon Teknika Corporation, 100 Akzo Avenue, Durham,, North Carolina 27613, United States, Tel.: +1 919 620 2430, Fax: +1 919 620 4216, E-mail: jkay@orgtek.com
Background/Objective: The Western blot (Wb) technique for detection of antibodies to HIV-1 has been the most commonly used supplemental test system for visualization of antibody reactivity to specific HIV-1 viral proteins. Each Wb system generally has focused on testing a single type of specimen matrix. The objective
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA112)
Schmitt U, Andres H, Faatz E; U. Schmitt, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany, Tel.: 49-8856-603309, Fax: 49-8856-603131, E-mail: urban.schmitt@roche.com
Background: Even with the best anti-HIV diagnostic assays the early detection of HIV infection is on average 5 to 7 days later than the detection by HIVAg-assays, but performing HIV-screening with HIVAg assays in addition to anti-HIV assays is very expensive and time consuming. We have combined both types of assay in o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA163)
Vandamme A-M, Salemi M, Stirmmer K, Hall W, Duffy M, Delaporte E, Mboup S, Peeters M; A.-M. Vandamme, Rega Institute, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Tel.: +32 16 33 21 60, Fax: +32 16 33 21 31, E-mail: annemie.vandamme@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
In principle, the time of origin of the most recent common ancestor for a clade of contemporary virus strains can be estimated from a phylogenetic tree provided the molecular clock hypothesis holds. However, it has been shown that viruses like HIV and HCV do not follow a molecular clock because of the unequal evolution
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA164)
Lee J-S, Kim S-S, Koo B-K, Choi B-S, Seong B-M, Suh S-D, Kim O-J, Cho H-W; J.-S. Lee, National Institute of Health, Center for AIDS Research, #5, Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Korea, Republic Of, Tel.: +82 2 380 1511, Fax: +82 2 359 1397, E-mail: jooshil@nih.go.kr
Background: To evaluate the evolutionary dynamic under natural selection, the HIV-1 quasispecies virus population from a sexual transmission pair who have different HLA types (husband: HLA A2, A33; HLA B44, B51 and wife: HLA A30; HLA B13, B44) were analyzed. Methods: Proviral and cDNA sequences spaning V1 through V5 we
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA165)
McCutchan F, Carr JK, Robb M, Mascola J, Yu XF, Janssens W, Salminen M, Albert J, Burke D, Unadis P, Birx D; F. McCutchan, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 1 Taft Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States, Tel.: +1 301 251 5065, Fax: +1 301 294 1898, E-mail: fmccutchan@hiv.hjf.org
The HIV-1 pandemic is caused by multiple genetic subtypes and inter-subtype recombinants, and characterization of strains provides a framework for vaccine design and evaluation. Few studies of HIV-1 variation have employed full-genome sequencing, but this is necessary to distinguish subtypes from recombinants. Here the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA166)
Souquiere S, Roques P, Ayouba A, Robertson DL, Apetrei C, Muelller-Trutwin M, Barre-Sinoussi F, Nerrienet E, Simon F; S. Souquiere, Laboratoire de Retrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Mejicales, Franceville BP769, Gabon, Tel.: +241 677 092, Fax: +241 677 295, E-mail: souquiere@cirmf.sci.ga
Background: Studies have shown a close relationship between SIVcpz from common chimpanzees (Pan. troglotydes troglotydes ) and HIV-1 group N. However, only one HIV-1 N (YBF30) have so far been fully characterized, and a second group N strain (YBF105) partially sequenced in pol. The objectives of present study was to e
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA167)
Shao Y, Xing H, Pan P, Feng Y, Shen T, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Lu B; Y. Shao, National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, 27, Nanwei road, Xuanwu district,Beijing, China, Tel.: +86 10 631 546 38, Fax: +86 10 631 546 38, E-mail: yshao@public3.bta.net.cn
Background: The HIV epidemic in China was initiated in Yunnan by subtype B/B HIV-1, followed by subtype C and other strain. The recombinant viruses were found among IDUs in the same region. More careful study will provide better understanding at the genetic variation, phenotype change and epidemic evolution of the vari
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA168)
Burger H, Weiser B, Plummer F, Fang G, Rowland-Jones S, Chen C-H, Anzala A, Bwayo J, Oyugi J; H. Burger, Wadsworth Center, Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States, Tel.: +1518-486-4323, Fax: +1518-473-4110, E-mail: burger@wadsworth.org
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV-1 epidemic has had a major impact, several HIV-1 clades often co-exist within communities. To design vaccines and understand pathogenesis, it is necessary to address viral diversity, evolution, and recombination in vivo, as well as to map the full range of immunologic de
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA169)
Arya S, D'Costa J, Davis - Warren A, Brown H; S. Arya, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute #37 - 5 E 08, Bethesda MD 20892, United States, Tel.: +301 496 48 90, Fax: +301 496 58 39, E-mail: aryas@dc37a.nci.nih.gov
Background: Though similar in over-all genomic structure, HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ from each other in many aspects of their natural history, transmission dynamics, and pathogenic potential, with HIV-2 generally being less pathogenic than HIV-1. Previous studies have shown a non-reciprocal interaction between HIV-1 and HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA170)
Nkengasong JN, Kestens L, Ghys P, Koblavi Deme S, Bile C, Maurice C, Otten R, Kalou M, Laga M; J.N. Nkengasong, Project Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 89, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: Jcn5@cdc.gov
Objective: To determine the impact of dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 on HIV-1 replication and MIA among HIV seropositive FSWs in Abidjan. Methods: We analyzed blood samples obtained from consenting HIV-seropositive FSWs attending a confidential clinic between September 1996 and June 1997. Plasma HIV-1 viral load (
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA171)
Gupta K, Siliciano RF, Ott D; K. Gupta, 3032 St Paul Street, Baltimore MD 21218, United States, Tel.: +1 410 467 1492, E-mail: kgupta@mail.jhmi.edu
Active nuclear import of the HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) is essential for the productive infection of non-dividing cells. HIV-1 s primary targets in vivo are CD4+ T cells, the majority of which are resting, and terminally differentiated tissue macrophages, rendering the ability of HIV-1 to enter the nucleus of n
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA172)
Alcami J, Pedraza M, Bermejo M, Rullas J; J. Alcami, Unidad de Inmunopatologia del SIDA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
Background and objectives: We have developed an efficient transfection system of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) that allow us to reactivate a full-length transfected provirus using different stimuli. In this system we have addressed the following questions: 1. The kinetics of HIV replication from the state
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA173)
Thiebot H, Vaslin B, Louache F, De Revel T, Neiloez O, Larghero J, Dormont D, Le Grand R; H. Thiebot, 6068 Avenue De La Division Leclerc, Fontenay Alux Roses 92265 BP6, France, Tel.: +33 1 014 654 9463, Fax: +33 1 014 654 7726, E-mail: bossuet@dsvidf.cen.fr
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine, in the model of macaques infected with a pathogenic simian/human chimeric virus (SHIV), the clonogenic capacity of bone marrow primitives (long term cultures-initiating cells or LTC-IC)) and slightly differentiated hematopoietics progenitor cells (cells forming colony
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA174)
Biswas P, Panina-Bordignon P, Mantelli B, Sinigaglia F, Poli G, Lazzarin A, Delfanti F; P. Biswas, Scientific Institute H S. Raffaele, Lab. of Clinical Immunology, Infectious Diseases Dept., Via Stamira d' Ancona 20, 20127 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 2 2643 79 35, Fax: +39 2 2643 79 89, E-mail: Priscilla.Biswas@hsr.it
We have previously shown that CD30 triggering induced HIV expression in a chronically HIV-infected T cell line. In the present study we have evaluated whether signalling through CD30 could modulate acute in vitro infection of TH1 and TH2 polarized cells with X4 (IIIB) and R5 (Bal) HIV-1 strains under different stimulat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA220)
Schwartz D, Weinhold K, Castillo R, John R, Arango-Jaramillo S; D. Schwartz, Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of MMI, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1410 955 3175, Fax: +1410 955 0105, E-mail: dschwart@jhsph.edu
Background: We have developed an assay in which PBMC resistance to CCR5 tropic (R5) HIV-1BaL challenge correlates with naturally acquired resistance in vivo. This assay has been validated in long term non progressors, exposed uninfected, and HIV-2 infected individuals. We have now extended this assay to all volunteers
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA221)
Buseyne F, Porrot F, Fleury Corre B, Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Rivifre Y;;; F. Buseyne, Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie virale, Batiment des Retrovirus, 28, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 4568 8899, Fax: +33 1 4061 3012, E-mail: florence@pasteur.fr
Background: HIV-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a major role in the control of disease progression. These cells can be detected by their IFN-g production after stimulation with antigen. This technique is much more sensitive than methods based on lysis of target cells. We used Elispot technique to define the HIV-sp
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA222)
Altfeld M, Rosenberg ES, Eldridge RL, Brander C, Trocha AK, Addo MM, Kalams S, Walker BD, Goulder PJ; M. Altfeld, Partners AIDS Research Center, 149 13th Street, ID Unit, 5th floor, Charlestown, MA, United States, Tel.: +1 617 724 2461, Fax: +1 617 726 5411, E-mail: maltfeld@partners.org
Given the important role of CTL responses in controlling HIV-infection, the characterization of virus specific epitopes targeted by CTL may provide the basis for the development of more effective HIV vaccines. The detection and fine-mapping of CTL responses are traditionally done with CTL clones and Cr51 release assays
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA223)
Meyerhans A, Sester M, Sester U, Kohler H, Schneider T, Deml L, Wagner R, Mnller-Lantzsch N, Pees H; A. Meyerhans, University of the Saarland, Department of Virology, Building 47, Institute of Medical Microbiology, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, Tel.: -49-6841-16-3990, Fax: -49-6841-16-3980, E-mail: Andreas.Meyerhans@med-rz.uni-sb.de
Background: Upon HIV infection, strong antiviral cytotoxic and helper T-cell responses are generated. They are considered to be an important component in the control of the HIV load. A simple and rapid whole-blood assay was established in order to quantitate and simultaneously characterise HIV-reactive CD4 and CD8 cell
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA224)
Pahwa S, McCloskey TW, Haridas V, Bakshi S, Chavan S; S. Pahwa, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States, Tel.: +516 562-4641, Fax: +516 562-2866, E-mail: spahwa@nshs.edu
Background: Antigen specific CD8 T lymphocytes comprise a major component of the cellular immune response against viral pathogens and can be detected and quantified by tetramer reagents. Methods: Fluorescently labeled tetramers for HIV gag `HLA-A*0201/SLYNTVATL and pol `HLA-A*0201/ILKEPVHGV were utilized to quantify an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA225)
Mothe B, Dzuris J, Vogel T, Liebl M, O'Connor D, Wang X, Wussow M, Thomson J, Altman J, Watkins D, Sette A, Allen T, Sydney J, Jing P; B. Mothe, University of Wisconsin Primate Center, 1220 Capital Court, Madison, WI 53715, United States, Tel.: +1 608 265 33 79, Fax: +1 608 262 54 94, E-mail: brmothe@primate.wisc.edu
Given the important role that CD8+ lymphocytes play in controlling viral replication, it is becoming increasingly clear that an HIV vaccine should induce a strong CD8+ response. Additional desirable elements are multispecificity and a focus on conserved epitopes. The use of multiple conserved epitopes arranged in an ar
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA226)
Baeten J, Mostad S, Hughes M, Overbaugh J, Bankson D, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola J, Kreiss J; J. Baeten, University of Washington, P.O. Box 91276, Mombasa, Kenya, Tel.: +254 11 22 6249, Fax: +254 11 47 4055, E-mail: jbaeten@u.washington.edu
Background: Nutritional deficiencies are common in HIV-1 disease and may play a role in HIV-1 transmission. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between selenium deficiency and vaginal or cervical shedding of HIV-1 infected cells. Methods: Vaginal and cervical swab specimens from 318 HIV-1 seropos
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA227)
Marx P, Smith S, Baskin G; P. Marx, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, United States, Tel.: +1 504 871 6255, Fax: +1 504 871 6248, E-mail: pmarx@adarc.org
Intravaginal inoculation of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) provides a model to study hormonal factors that may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaginal transmission. To understand the individual roles of the major sex hormones in vaginal transmission, ovariectomized female macaques w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA228)
Puren AJ, Ramjee G, Abdool-Karim S, Gray CM; A.J. Puren, National Institute for Virology, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 321 4228, Fax: +27 11 321 4325, E-mail: adrianp@niv.ac.za
Background: A cohort of women on the truck stop routes between Johannesburg and Durban have been found to be HIV-1 seronegative despite working in the sex industry for more than five years. To understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance to HIV-1 in these women, studies were performed to investigate the associati
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA229)
Bukusi E, Cohen C, Karanja J, Waiyaki P, Bwayo J, Eschenbach D, Eschenbach D, Kreiss J, Holmes K; E. Bukusi, University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 714 851, Fax: +254 2 583 171, E-mail: ebukusi@ratn.org
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), found in up to 50% of reproductive aged women in sub-Saharan Africa, has been estimated to account for 30% of female HIV-1 acquisition. Therefore, we wanted to define risk factors in women and their male sexual partners. Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic women aged 18 - 45, a
Objectives: (1) to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-1 and HCV genomes in semen. (2) to determine the correlation between seminal and plasma viral load, CD4 cell count and treatment. (3) to assess the efficacy of sperm washing for reducing HIV and HCV transmission by insemination in serodiscordant couples wishing to have
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrA231)
McClelland R, Wang C, Mandaliya K, Overbaugh J, Reiner M, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Kreiss J, Panteleef D, Lavreys L; R. McClelland, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Tel.: +1 206 731 28 22, Fax: +1 206 731 24 27, E-mail: mcclella@africaonline.co.ke
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are associated with increased shedding of HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA in genital tract secretions. The objective of this study was to determine whether shedding of HIV-1 DNA in cervical secretions decreases after successful treatment of cervicitis. Methods: A prospective
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB113)
De Souza R, Gomez-Marin O, Hutto C, Scott G, Guasti S, Mitchell C; R. De Souza, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Os 18 do Forte 1560, 401, Caxias do Sul - RS, 95020-471, Brazil, Tel.: +55 542 234 998, Fax: +55 542 231 528, E-mail: salubrit@zaz.com.br
Background: To describe the clinical and immunologic characteristics and survival of HIV-1 infected children >6 yrs. old once their CD4+ counts reach >100 cells/mm3. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records of HIV-1 infected children followed at the University of Miami through July, 1997
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB114)
Biggar R, Frisch M, Goedert J; R. Biggar, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS/8003, MSC 7248, Rockville, MD 20852, United States, Tel.: +1 301 496 81 15, Fax: +1 301 402 08 17, E-mail: biggarb@exchange.nih.gov
Background: Most studies of cancers associated with AIDS in children are based on case series, which may be biased by referral. We examined population-based records to determine the risk of pediatric AIDS-associated cancers. Methods: Using records from 11 locations in the United States , we linked records of childr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB115)
Kamelan-Tano Y, Boni-Ouattara E, Ekpini ER, Sibailly TS, Adjorlolo Johnson G, Diaby L, Krou-Danho N, Kalou Aziz M, Tossou O;;; Y. Kamelan-Tano, Projet Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'Ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 11, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: tdk1@cdc.gov
Background: 90,000 deliveries occur yearly in Abidjan. With a seroprevalence among pregnant women of 13.8% (1998), a mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of >25%, approximately 3,000 new pediatric infections occur yearly. Few data exist on the clinical course of HIV infection in children in Africa. Objectives: To desc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB116)
Gaughan D, Gortmaker SL, 3rd Seage GR, Selwyn PA, Oleske JM; D. Gaughan, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave., FXB604, Boston, MA 02115-6017, United States, Tel.: +1 617 432 0146, Fax: +1 617 432 2843, E-mail: Gaughan@sdac.harvard.edu
Background: As new therapies dramatically extend the lives of people with HIV/AIDS, quality of life outcomes are of increasing concern. The prevalence of pain in people with AIDS ranges from 40 percent to 60 percent, depending on stage of illness and research methodology. There is limited research concerning pain in HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB117)
Ruffini DD, Madhi SA, Dahan E, Sherman G, Hayle M; D.D. Ruffini, Wits University, 34 The Braids Road, Emmarentia Ext 2195, Gauteng, South Africa, Tel.: +27-11-4898786, Fax: +27-11-4898692, E-mail: donnapaed@yahoo.com
Background: The incidence of PCP in African HIV infected children is unknown and diagnostic methods are highly invasive and costly. Objectives: To determine the value of induced sputum (IS) and/or nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA) in identifying PC in HIV infected children admitted with clinically severe pneumonia using
Background: The vertical transmission rate of HIV has been dramatically reduced with the use of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy and delivery. However, although the children are rarely HIV-infected, they have been exposed to viral proteins in utero. This study was designed to evaluate immunological and hematol
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB119)
Wong M, Fisher E, Thompson-Bodkins C, Mercier B, Kaplowitz L; M. Wong, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, 330 Brookline Ave, Kennedy 6, Boston, Mass., 02215 USA, United States, Tel.: +(617) 632-0771, Fax: +(617) 632-0760, E-mail: mwong@caregroup.harvard.edu
Background: HIV care provided in inner-city hospitals in the US is largely uncompensated; the impact of this care is not well delineated. Methods: Retrospective review of hospital service and billing data, and the MCV HIV Clinic computerized clinical database from 1 Jan 1995- 30 Dec 1998. Groups compared were those who
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB120)
Harley B; B. Harley, South Peninsula Municipality, 12 Pinewood Road, Newlands, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 674 1827, Fax: +27 21 674 1827, E-mail: bharley@mweb.co.za
Issues: The HIV epidemic has sparked off new fields for specialisation and research. However, in many ways, the primary health care workers have been left behind. In Cape Town the impact of the epidemic has become too great for the specialist hospital clinics to continue to cope with, but the training and protocols fo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB121)
Asuncion H, Federico P, Jose M. P, Juan C. A, Juan GG, Rafael R; H. Asuncion, Universidad Europea de Madrid, c/ Islas Virgenes 14, 28909 Getafe Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 684 87 21, Fax: +34 91 390 86 14, E-mail: fpulido@jazzcyber.com
Background: Day care units have become an usual way of medical care for aids patients. However, their influence on the incidence of hospital admissions has not been evaluated. Methods: Observational and longitudinal study of a cohort of 308 patients with aids diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 and followed-up to June 1996
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB122)
Vasconcelos A, Santos CE, Veloso VG, Vitoria M, Cunha CS, Chequer P; A. Vasconcelos, Brazilian Std/AIDS Program - Moh, Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bl. G - Sobreloja, 70.058-900 - Brasilia - DF, Brazil, Tel.: +55 61 315 2140, Fax: +55 61 3152 519, E-mail: aids@aids.gov.br
Issue: The Brazilian MoH alternative care programme for patients with HIV/AIDS has as its major objective the implementation of high quality care and access to care, by means of specialised HIV/AIDS out-patient, hospital day-care, and home-based care services as alternatives to the traditional treatment of HIV infected
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB123)
Panthawit S; S. Panthawit, Bang Kruai District Hospital, 311 Latphrao Road, Soi 101, Bangkok 10240, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 357 6491, Fax: +66 2 374 9835, E-mail: msfbthai@asianet.co.th
Issues: HIV/AIDS care in Community Hospitals in developing countries is limited by budget and ability to investigate some opportunistic infections. Patients and their families have to seek for care to bigger and more distant hospitals. The difficulty and cost of transportation is many times more expensive than the trea
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB124)
Sescon JN, Rivera A, Ortega NL; J.N.M. Sescon, Remedios AIDS Foundation, 1066 Remedios Street Malate 1004, Manila, Philippines, Tel.: +632 524 0924, Fax: +632 522 3431, E-mail: josescon@pacific.net.ph
Background: Prevention through education, this is the guiding principle of the Remedios AIDS Foundation (RAF), a Philippine NGO, that has been working for nine years on HIV/AIDS preventive efforts. Since the first case of HIV in 1984, program interventions conducted by both government and nongovernment agencies have w
Background: Vertically HIV-1 infection is a typical model of primary infection (PHI). Several studies indicated that during PHI, high perturbations occur in CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing distinct Vb-genes and that their persistence is related to distinct clinical progression. The objective of this study is to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB176)
Rubini NP, Leal DW, Silva EM, Baptista MA, Souza SM, Ribeiro LC, Milczanowski SF, Sion FS, Morais-de-Sb CA; N.P.N. Rubini, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leite Leal, 135 / Bl 1 / Apto. 505, Laranjeiras - Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22240-100, Brazil, Tel.: +55-21-205 4000, Fax: +55-21-225 2061, E-mail: rubini@montreal.com.br
Background: The morphologic and metabolic changes associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been amply investigated in adults. Nonetheless, the same data in children and adolescents are very limited. This study investigated the prevalence of lipodistrophy and serum lipid changes in children and adolescents in us
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB177)
Violari A, Saez - Llorens X, Bernstein B, Xu Y, Deetz C, Gomez P, Handelsman E, Pelton S, Cahn P; A. Violari, Chris Hani Bargwanath Hospital POBox 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +271 193 839 84, Fax: +271 193 839 73, E-mail: phru@pixie.co.za
Background: ABT-378/r has demonstrated activity in adult antiretroviral naive (96% >50 c/ml on treatment at 72 Weeks) and protease inhibitor (PI) experienced subjects (76% >50 c/ml on treatment at Week 48). Methods: M98-940 is a Phase I/II, open-label study of coformulated ABT-378/r (liquid) in 100 HIV-infected antiret
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB178)
Avila Figueroa C; C. Avila Figueroa, HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO, DR. Marquez 162 Col. Doctores, PO Box 06720, Mexico, Tel.: +52 5588 7149, Fax: +52 5588 7149, E-mail: avilaf@infosel.net.mx
Analysis is presented for 21 HIV-infected children treated for 9 months with an antiretroviral (ARV) combination including ddI + d4T plus Hydroxyurea (30mg/kg/day). The data is part of an ongoing open-label randomized trial to compare the efficacy and safety o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB179)
Doerholt K, Sharland M, Ball C, Du Mont G; K. Doerholt, St George's Hospital, Paed Inf Dis Unit, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 181 725 3262, Fax: +44 181 725 3262, E-mail: m.sharland@sghms.ac.uk
Introduction: - No audit data is currently available in children to demonstrate the impact of combination ART on standard outcome measures outside clinical trials. The collaborative group PHILS-NET (Paediatric HIV In London South Network)cohort database was used to audit ART use and outcome variables. Methods: - 110 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB180)
Shannon M, Canales J, Dahud S; M. Shannon, University of California, San Francisco, Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center, San Francisco General Hospital, Box 0110, NH 6D4, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, Tel.: +1 415 661 49 49, Fax: +1 415 661 90 45, E-mail: shannon@itsa.ucsf.edu
Issues: Perinatal care for HIV infected women requires complex management of pregnancy, maternal and fetal health. Since 1989, the Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center has provided care to HIV-infected pregnant women, perinatally exposed infants, research access, and counseling /testing of family members in a service model
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB181)
Kapere S, Wandela M, Katamujuna E, Nanono S, Sendi E, Kulume R; S. Kapere, PO Box 11485, Kampala 041, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 530 034, Fax: +256 41 541 999, E-mail: tasomul@infocom.co.ug
Issues: As the administration of protease inhibitors to HIV/TB co-infected patients is probematic due to drug interactions with rifampin; it is important for HIV/AIDS clinics to identify TB cases and ensure that patients are properly treated. Project: From 1998-1999, 75 clients co-infected with HIV/TB were followed in
Background: Currently India is the country having the highest number of HIV +ve cases with 3.5 million people as estimated by UNAIDS . In India, Manipur is having the highest sero-prevalance rate with nearly 143 HIV +ve cases per 1000. Due to the inadequate resources and health care infrastructure in the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB183)
Ferris M, Calles N, Simon C, Schwarzwald H, Hockenberry-Eaton M, Kline M; M. Ferris, Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, MC 1-4000, Houston, Texas 77030-2399, United States, Tel.: +1 713 770 1066, Fax: +1 713 770 1281, E-mail: mgferris@texaschildrenshospital.org
Issues: Many challenges exist to overcoming the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa. These include limited financial resources, a multitude of other health priorities in these countries, and lack of appropriately trained and skilled health professionals. Nurses typically provide most of the basic health care se
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB184)
Uhagaze B, Sebaganji M, Rieger-Ndakorerwa G, Rahlenbeck S; B. Uhagaze, PO Box 3228, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel.: +250 640 65 / 8 513 884, Fax: +250 640 65, E-mail: buhagaze@yahoo.fr
Background: The HIV-prevalence in Rwanda has risen dramatically over recent years; it was reportedly 11% in the general population in 1998. In 1999, AIDS-clubs have been then started in secondary, schools. The study was undertaken to evaluate the programs and to provide information for future AIDS educational measures.
Issues: Although nosocomial transmission is not documented in most developing countries, this mode of transmission is obviously significant, given the working conditions in most settings and the resources available in the hospitals to enhance prevention. Therefore, the health care provider in this setting is highly ex
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB232)
Chirenje ZM, Loeb L, Mwale M, Masona D, Khumalo-Sakutukwa GN, Padian N; Z M. Chirenje, UZ-UCSF Collaborative Research Programme, 15 Phillips, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe, Tel.: +263.4.704 890, Fax: +263.4.704 897, E-mail: liseouz-ucsf.co.zw
Background: Cervical neoplasia occurs with increased frequency among HIV positive women. With the current Zimbabwean HIV epidemic, a large portion of HIV infected women could be harboring cervical precancer cells which are known to have a rapid progression to invasive cancer. Zimbabwean women have one of the highest re
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB233)
Boni-Ouattara E, Adjorlolo-Johnson G, Anhoux A, Toure-Coulibaly K, Kone M, Unger E, Honde M, Vernon S, Greenberg A; E. Boni-Ouattara, Project Retro-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 11, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: ehb8@cdc.gov
Objectives: To evaluate the association between HIV infection and cervical cancer and to compare characteristics of HIV-infected and uninfected women with cervical cancer. Methods: From 4/1997 to 10/1999, consenting women presenting with cervical lesions at the gynecology and oncology services of two university hospita
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB234)
De Vuyst H, Claeys P, Njirv S, Bwayo J, Temmerman M; H. De Vuyst, University of Nairobi, Microbiology, PO Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 751 751, Fax: +254 2 726 626, E-mail: hdvuyst@iconnect.co.ke
Background: The association between HIV and cervical dysplasia is well documented in Western countries. Data for developing countries, however, are scarce and sometimes conflicting. As part of an ongoing study on diagnostic methods for STDs and cervical dysplasia (CeDys) in a family planning clinic (FPC), we examined t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrB235)
Hankins C, Coutlee F, Girard M, Pourreaux K, Lapointe N; C. Hankins, Montreal Regional Public Health Dpt, 1301 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, (Quebec), Canada, Tel.: +1 514 528 2400, Fax: +1 514 528 2452
Background: To assess factors associated with persistence of HPV infection among HIV+ and HIV- women participating in the Canadian Womens HIV Study. Methods: 108 HPV+ HIV+ asymptomatic women aged 15-44 years without dysplasia and 71 HPV+ HIV- controls were tested using a tampon or cervical vaginal lavage specimen for
Objective: To assess the trends in invasive cervical cancer (CCA) as an AIDS-defining condition. Methods: We analyzed the AIDS surveillance data from Europe (reported by 15 countries of the WHO-European region) and the USA (excludes cases diagnosed based solely on immunologic criteria), among women aged 15 years or old
Background: HIV+ women have demonstrated increased recurrence rates after treatment for cervical dysplasia(CD). This study evaluates CD recurrence rates after excisional cervical treatment, with stratification by CD4 count, viral load, and pathology results. Methods: Retrospective review of HIV+ women between 1995 and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC125)
Kiwanuka N, Wawer MJ, Serwadda D, Kiddugavu MG, Nalugoda FK, Lutalo T, Sewankambo NK, Wabwire - Mangen F, Gray RH; N. Kiwanuka, Rakai Project Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 413 217 00, Fax: +256 413 202 76, E-mail: nkiwanuka@infocom.co.ug
Objective: To assess community knowledge and attitudes to HIV vaccine in preparation for community-based HIV vaccine trials. Design: Population-based cohort. Methods: During the initial visit (April-Dec., 1999) of Community HIV Epidemiological Research in Rakai, Uganda , all consenting adults 15-49 years resident in 5
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC126)
Barth-Jones D, Chick S, Adams A, Koopman J; D. Barth-Jones, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Center for Healthcare Effectiveness Research, 121 Shiffman Medical Library, 4325 Brush, Detroit, MI, USA 48201, United States, Tel.: +1 313 577 8387, Fax: +1 313 577 1773, E-mail: barthjon@umich.edu
Background: It is of considerable importance that HIV vaccine trials be designed to measure vaccine effects (VE) on both susceptibility and infectiousness, so as to determine the full impact that vaccination could have on the basic reproduction number (Ro) of the HIV epidemic. This will be particularly important when v
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC127)
Forsythe S, Arthur G, Mutemi R, Gilks C; StevenForsythe, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 151 928 02 17, Fax: +44 151 707 91 93, E-mail: forsythe@liv.ac.uk
Background: When an AIDS vaccine becomes available, its affordability is likely to be a critical component to its acceptance by individuals, national governments and international donors in developing countries. This study was designed to determine the economic value that individuals place on a hypothetical vaccine an
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC128)
Baeten J, Richardson B, Martin H, Nyange P, Lavreys L, Ngugi E, Mandaliya K, Bwayo J, Kreiss J; J. Baeten, University of Washington, PO Box 91276, Mombasa, Kenya, Tel.: +254 11 226 249, Fax: +254 11 474 055, E-mail: jbaeten@u.washington.edu
Background: In designing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials, it will be important to account for changes in HIV-1 incidence, especially changes over time and while participating in risk-reduction programs. Methods: Data from an open cohort of female prostitutes in Mombasa, Kenya were analyzed. Individuals were censored afte
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC129)
Latka M, French P, Latka M, Gollub E, Rogers C, Stein Z; M. Latka, New York Academy of Medicine, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, 1216 Fifth Avenue, Room 556, New York, New York 10025, United States, Tel.: 212-822-7284, Fax: 212-876-6220, E-mail: mlatka@nyam.org
Background:Only two clinical studies to date have evaluated the effectiveness the female condom in preventing sexually transmitted disease (STD). We compared the use-effectiveness of the female condom with the male condom in preventing four STDs. Methods:During a 12-month period all women attending Philadelphia s main
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC130)
Jivasak-Apimas S, Saba J, Chandelying V, Sakondhavat C, Kiriwat O, Rugpao S, Rojanapythayakorn W, Fontanet A; S. Jivasak-Apimas, P O Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, Thailand, E-mail: afontanet@gggd.amsterdam.nl
Background: The female condoms may offer an effective and self-controlled protection against HIV and STDs. Its acceptability was evaluated among sex workers in Thailand . Methods: As part of a trial evaluating the efficacy of a strategy combining male and female condoms in prevention of STDs among sex workers in Thail
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC131)
Marseille E, Kahn JG, Billinghurst K, Saba J; E. Marseille, Health Strategies International, 2 Madrone Place, Orinda, CA 94563, United States, Tel.: +1 925 254 5379, Fax: +1 800 683 3442, E-mail: emarseille@home.com
Background: Though apparently as effective as male condoms (MCs) , female condoms (FCs) are more expensive. Under what circumstances, if any, can this additional cost be justified? We assessed the cost-effectiveness of the FC in preventing HIV infection and other STDs among commercial sex workers (CSWs), and their clie
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC132)
Mobley S, Fisher A, Rutenberg N; S. Mobley, Population Council/Horizons, 4301 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 280, Washington, DC 20008, United States, Tel.: +202 237 9400, Fax: +202 237 8410, E-mail: smobley@pcdc.org
Background: The Population Council s Horizons Project, in collaboration with Population Services International/ Zimbabwe , surveyed female condom users and nonusers of either male or female condoms in several urban areas of Zimbabwe. The major objectives were to identify the barriers and enabling factors affecting the
Background: HIV/AIDS/STI epidemic is increasing among women in Brazil , however this fact is not followed by relevant adoption of prevention practices. Epidemiologic data shows an important need to increase HIV/AIDS/STI prevent programs targeting women. In 98/99 the Brazilian Health Ministry implemented a large researc
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC134)
Warren M;;; M. Warren, Female Health Foundation, One Sovereign Park, Coronation Road, London NW10 7QP, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 690 72 42, Fax: +44 171 503 64 38, E-mail: mitchellwarren@compuserve.com
Issues: Since 1996, through an agreement between The Female Health Company (FHC) and UNAIDS , The Female Condom has been made available in over 35 developing countries. Demand continues to increase, and various lessons have been learned from existing activities. Numerous operational issues need to be considered and in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC186)
Kalou-Badirou M, Nkengasong J, Sassan - Morokro M, Bile C, Abouya L, Ackah A, Maurice C, Coulibaly D, Roels TH, Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ; M. Kalou-Badirou, Projet Retro - CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 2 125 4111, Fax: +225 2 124 2969, E-mail: cfk3@cdc.gov
Objectives: To compare plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL), CD4+ T-cell counts and immune activation markers in HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients at the start of and 11 months after initiation of TB treatment. Methods: Plasma specimens obtained at the start of and 11 months after the initiation of TB treatment were
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC187)
Sonnenberg P, Murray J, Shearer S, Glynn J, Kambashi B, Godfrey Faussett P; P. Sonnenberg, LSHTM, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 181 340 0626, E-mail: p.sonnenberg@lshtm.ac.uk
Background: Rates of recurrent tuberculosis (TB), the proportion of recurrent cases attributable to relapse or reinfection and risk factors associated with these mechanisms, may be influenced by the risk of tuberculous infection and the prevalence of HIV infection. Methods: We followed a cohort of South African gold
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC188)
Day JH, Grant AD, Charalambous S, Moloi V, Roux S, Piorkowski A, Nhiwatiwa R, Hayes RJ, Churchyard GJ; J.H. Day, Aurum Health Research, PO Box 87, Welkom, 9460, South Africa, Tel.: +27 57 900 4398, Fax: +27 57 900 4568, E-mail: jday@aghs.co.za
Background: The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of symptom screening and simple investigations in identifying active tuberculosis (TB) prior to starting TB preventive therapy among HIV-infected gold miners in South Africa . Methods: HIV-infected mineworkers were scree
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC189)
Shandera W; W. Shandera, Baylor College of Medicine - BTGH, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States, Tel.: +1 713 793 3560, Fax: +1 713 798 6400, E-mail: shandera@bcm.tmc.edu
Background: The current status of tuberculosis (TB) policies among African nations is poorly understood, despite over million deaths from TB annually among 20+ million with AIDS. Methods: To increase knowledge about African TB policies, we surveyed in 1998/9 all African nations re TB/AIDS case loads for 1996/7, ascert
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC190)
Garcia-Garcia ML, Eugenia Jimenez-Corona Ma, Ponce de Leon A, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Jimenez-Corona A, Valdespino-Gomez JL, Small P; M. L. Garcia-Garcia, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655,, Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlan, CP 62508, Mexico, Tel.: +52 73 175 529, Fax: +52 73 175 529, E-mail: garcigar@insp3.insp.mx
Objective: To determine risk factors associated to mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis patients Methods: Since March, 1995 all persons in the Orizaba Health Jurisdiction (comprised of 134 square miles and 238,000 residents) with a cough persisting greater than 3 weeks have been evaluated with sputum microscopy.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC191)
Campsmith M, Nakashima AK, Fleming PL, Burgess DA; M. Campsmith, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 51 74, Fax: +1 404 639 29 80, E-mail: mgc4@cdc.gov
Background: Persons with HIV are at higher risk for tuberculosis (TB); co-infection can affect the clinical outcomes of both diseases. In 1989, the U.S. Advisory Committee for the Elimination of Tuberculosis recommended that all persons infected with HIV be tested for TB, with appropriate therapy for those having a po
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC192)
Buve A, Auvert B, Lagarde E, Kahindo M, Hayes R, Carael M; A. Buve, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium, Tel.: +32 3 247 6533, Fax: +32 3 247 6532, E-mail: abuve@itg.be
Background: Results from several studies conducted since 1989 suggest that there may be an association between male circumcision (MC) and spread of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of MC in explaining the heterogeneity of HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC193)
Gray R, Wawer MJ, Sewakambo NK, Serwadda D, Kiwanuka N, Wabwire Mangen F, Li C, Lutalo T, Quinn TC; R. Gray, Johns Hopkins University shcool, 615 n wolfe st. #w 4030, Baltimore md 21 205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 78 18, Fax: +1 410 614 73 86, E-mail: rgray@jhsph.edu
Background: Male circumcision may reduce HIV acquisition and might provide a means of HIV prevention. Methods: HIV acquisition was determined in a representative community cohort of 5,507 HIV-negative Ugandan men. Male HIV acquisition was also assessed in 187 HIV-negative males in discordant relationships with HIV-posi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC194)
Serwadda D, Gray R, Kiwanuka N, Sewnkambo N, Kelly R, Wawer M; D. Serwadda, Makerere University, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 415 300 09, Fax: +256 415 450 01, E-mail: dserwada@imul.com
Background: Male circumcision has been proposed for HIV prevention. We estimate the potential impact of circumcision on male HIV acquisition. Methods: A cohort of 5,507 HIV- men were followed for 10,321 person years (py). HIV incidence per 100 py was determined in relation to circumcision status, sociodemographic and b
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC195)
Taljaard R, Taljaard D, Auvert B, Neilssen G; R. Taljaard, Mothusimpilo, CSIR., PO Box 91230, Auckland park 2006, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 358 0360, Fax: +27 11 482 3267, E-mail: dtaljaard@csir.co.za
Issues There is increasing evidence linking male circumcision to reductions in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. This paper describes some of the complex social factors underlying the practice of male circumcision in the Carletonville community. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be presented
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC196)
Bailey R, Muga R, Poulussen R; R. Bailey, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, 2121 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Tel.: +1 312 355 04 40, Fax: +1 312 996 00 64, E-mail: rcbailey@uic.edu
Background: As part of baseline for a trial intervention introducing male circumcision (MC) services in Nyanza Province where MC is not traditionally practiced, acceptabilty of MC was accessed in the intervention district and a control district. Also assessed was clinician experience with safe MC procedures, knowledge
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC238)
Deschamps M, Grand-Pierre R, Mellon R, Pape JW; M. Deschamps, Les Centres GHESKIO, 33, Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Tel.: +509 222 2241, 509 222 0031, Fax: +509 223 90 44, E-mail: mariehd@gheskio.org
Background: The majority of HIV infected children acquire the infection through their infected mother; as a result a large number of infected children live in countries which do not have structure to accommodate them; therefore our primary objective have been: 1) to limit the number of infected orphans through Family P
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC239)
Hammett T, Lindegren ML, Byers R, Wortley P, Bi D; T. Hammett, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 2050, Fax: +1 404 639 2980, E-mail: tah5@cdc.gov
Objective: To describe the course of perinatal HIV epidemic in the U.S., assess the impact of maternal and neonatal ZDV use, and missed opportunities to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Methods: We analyzed 1) national perinatally acquired (PA) AIDS data reported by 9/99, adjusting for reporting delays and no report
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC240)
Thorne C; C. Thorne, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 207 905 21 05, Fax: +44 207 813 81 45, E-mail: c.thorne@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Background: It is unclear how the vertical transmission (VT) rate in Europe will be affected by the combination of the changing characteristics of HIV-infected women becoming pregnant and the extent of interventions to reduce VT, as these could have opposing effects on mother-to-child transmission. Methods: Analysis of
Background: The mechanism by which interventions such as zidovudine (ZDV) or cesarean section (C-S) delivery reduce perinatal transmission risk are not fully known. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of short antenatal ZDV (36 weeks gestation until delivery) in Bangkok, we used a bulb syringe to colle
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC242)
Wabwire-Mangen F, Gray RH, Wawer M, Kigozi G, Sewankambo MK, Serwadda D, Lutalo T, Meehan M, Chuanjun L; F. Wabwire-Mangen, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 532 207, Fax: +256 41 531 807, E-mail: fwabwire@imul.com
Background: A randomized trial of STD control for HIV prevention, was designed to assess the effects of STD control during pregnancy on maternal-infant STDs, MTCT, maternal HIV acquisition and birth outcomes. Methods: Ten community clusters were randomized, 5 to an STD intervention (STD mass treatment), and 5 to a cont
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC243)
Bulterys M, Cohen M, Maupin R, Nesheim S, O'Sullivan MJ, Webber M, Lampe M, Fowler MG; M. Bulterys, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 49 80, Fax: +1 404 639 61 27, E-mail: zbe2@cdc.gov
Issues: Most HIV-infected pregnant women in the United States (US) use hospitals for delivery, providing a crucial opportunity for systematic screening and intervention when indicated. In some parts of the US, more infants might be spared HIV infection if the benefits of intrapartum/neonatal antiretroviral therapy (ART
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC244)
Basajja V, Kamali A, Kinsman J, Whitworth J; V. Basajja, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 042, Fax: +256 41 321 137, E-mail: mrc@starcom.co.ug
Issue: Can social marketing effectively increase condom availability and accessibility in a rural Ugandan population with high HIV prevalence? Description: In preparation for a large community-based HIV intervention trial in Masaka, Uganda, a baseline needs assessment was conducted in 1994. Condoms were available in on
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC245)
Alary M, Lowndes CM, Gnintoungbe CA, Bedard E, Jossou P, Mukenge L, Lafia E, Anagonou S; M. Alary, Epidemiology Research Group, Hopital du St-Sacrement du CHA, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1S 4L8, Canada, Tel.: +1 418 682 73 87, Fax: +1 418 682 79 49, E-mail: malary@gre.ulaval.ca
Background: To investigate factors associated with condom use by male clients of FP in Cotonou, Benin . Methods: 404 male clients of FP were recruited on-site at prostitution venues in Cotonou, and provided a urine sample (for HIV and STD testing) before having sex with a FP. After having sex they underwent a 15-30 mi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC246)
Lutalo T, Kidugavu M, Wawer M, Wabwire Mangen F, Chen M, Serwadda D, Gray R, Sewankambo N; T. Lutalo, Rakai Project Virus Research Inst., PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 279, Fax: +256 41 320 276, E-mail: rpebbe@infocom.co.ug
Objective: To examine the use of male condoms and female controlled family planning methods in relation to self perceived risk of HIV exposure and HIV testing and counseling services. Methods: A prospective population based study of adults aged 15-59 years in 56 villages was conducted between 1994 and 1998. The 1998 da
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC247)
Horne S, Wallace J, Weiner A, Whitten W, Browning L, Canty R; S. Horne, From Our Street With Dignity (FROSTD), 369 Eighth Ave, NYC, NY 10001, United States, Tel.: +1 212 924 3733, Fax: +1 212 924 8086, E-mail: weinerap@idt.net
Introduction: Since 1984, From Our Streets With Dignity (FROSTD) has been providing outreach services, including HIV testing and prevention education to streetwalking prostitutes in New York City. This paper looks at those women who were tested during 1998-1999. Methods: During 1998-1999, 318 women approached the van f
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC248)
Kinzett S; S. Kinzett, John Snow Inc., 1616 North Fort Meyer Drive, Arlington Virginia, 22201, United States, Tel.: +1 703 528 7474, Fax: +1 703 528 7480, E-mail: Steve_kinzett@jsi.com
While there are well-established standards for estimating condom requirements for Family Planning programmes, estimating requirements for HIV/AIDS prevention is much more comple and ambiguous. Recent studies suggest that condoms are used more frequently outside of stable relationships. It can be assumed that the differ
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrC249)
Moema S, Neilsen G, Mzaidume Y, Rasego B; S. Moema, Mothusimpilo Outreach Project, Private Bag X2023, Carletonville 2500, South Africa, Tel.: +27 18 788 49 39, Fax: +27 18 787 46 37, E-mail: mpholo@sn.apc.org
Issues: Adults HIV prevalence in the Carletonville mining community is above 20%. A 1998 baseline survey of Carletonville households showed good HIV knowledge including risk factors and prevention strategies. However, perceived risk is low. Of persons with a low perceived risk, 22% are infected with HIV. The baseline s
Issues: In low-prevalence countries or communities preventing a full-scale epidemic is a particular challenge. What actions will be effective in countries that, in addition, are undergoing rapid political, economic and social transitions putting them at a greater, but still unfelt, risk of an increased epidemic? How ca
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD136)
Kippax S, Smith G, Aggleton P; S. Kippax, National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Tel.: +61 2 9385 6799/ 6776, Fax: +61 2 9385 6700, E-mail: s.kippax@unsw.edu.au
Issues: While there has been much research on the impact of sex education on young people s sexual behaviour, very little is known about the manner in which school-based education has responded to HIV and AIDS. Description: This UNAIDS funded study documents the policies and practices of primary and secondary school HI
Issues: Traditional education has been a student passively receiving input from a teacher. Residents of Blantyre, Malawi have been the recipients of a lot of such AIDS education from health experts, leaflets and radio messages. Blantyre Christian Centre (BCC) initiated community discussion groups, and given women a ch
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD138)
Emrick C, Strauss R, Van Der Horst C; C. Emrick, UNC School of Dentistry, Dept. of Dental Ecology, PO Box 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, United States, Tel.: +1 919 966 2788, Fax: +1 919 966 6761, E-mail: ron_strauss@unc.edu
Issues: The literature on the impact of AIDS education finds that knowledge and attitude change occurs with educational programs, however few programs have been developed for universities. Reports have defined gaps in university student HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. Description: A large campus-wide, interdiscipl
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD139)
Aryeetey J; J. Aryeetey, Legon hall aa202 university of Ghana legon, 00 233 021 Accra, Ghana, Tel.: +233 021 776 111, E-mail: interface@ghana.com
Background: Students of the tertiary institutions in Ghana often lead a high risk behaviour because they are independent young adults. Based on this, Students against AIDS (STAIDS) was formed as a group to promote safer sex behaviour through outreach activities. Objectives: - To provide students with current and accura
Objective: Prevention of the infection. Reducing personnal and social impact of HIV infection. Promoting respect for human rights in a frame of solidarity with the seropositive person and his family. Design and Method: Educative activities promoting the objective according to the actual possibilities and limitations re
Issues: The majority of Zambian youth (75%) are sexually active by the age of 19. Many have sex by the age of 14 - 71% of boys and 34% of girls (UNICEF). HIV/AIDS prevalence is very high among young people (Estimated 20% urban and 13% in rural areas (Zambia Sexual Behavior Survey 1998). In 1999, the government challeng
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD142)
Mirembe R;;; R. Mirembe, Kings College Budo, PO Box 7121, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +25 604 127 3993
Issues: This paper draws from a six year old school-based programme which through Action Research has attempted to address one social aspect of AIDS namely power relations in schooling children and the culturally marginalised groups of women and non-schooling youngsters. It gives stages in Action research which led to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD143)
Hermans I, Munyurangabo T, Ntaganira I, Rusimbi J; I. Hermans, B.P. 445 KIGALI RWANDA, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel.: +(250) 769 060 830 19 98, Fax: +(250) 76263, E-mail: Ivan.hermans@undp.org
Issues: Rwanda youth are part of a society suffering from post-genocide trauma. Most of them have seen or underwent extreme violence before and during the 94 genocide. 4.2% of Rwanda youth 12-14 and 8,5% of rural 15-19 are infected with HIV/AIDS. Only 50% is in primary schools and only 12% of those in secondary schools
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD144)
Haddad I, Mesquita F, Bueno R, Araujo P, Turienzo G, Piconez D; I. Haddad, Health Secretariat of Sao Vicente, Av Campos Sales, 59, Santos - SP, 11013.401, Brazil, Tel.: 55.13.2354842, Fax: 55.13.2342576, E-mail: iepasede@atribuna.com.br
Issue: Community enrollment on research is a desirable approach to achieve both the necessities of the researchers as well as the best interests of the community. Far from the classical academic approach, the central idea is that community can have a key role complementing the knowledge from the expertise. Description:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD145)
Roberts G, Taveras S, Kimbrough L, Davis-Satterla L; G. Roberts, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop E-58, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 630 52 37, Fax: +1 404 639 52 58, E-mail: gwr2@cdc.gov
Issues: African Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS. African Americans represent an estimated 12% of the total U.S. population and represent 37% of all U.S. AIDS cases reported through December 1998. Leaders seeking to build stronger communities, therefore, have to turn their attention to the thre
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD146)
Matovu S, Ekideit HA, Chimulwa TN, Sendi EK; S. Matovu, The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Mulago Near Heart Institute, POBox 114 85, Kampala -041 11485, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 530 034, Fax: +256 41 541 999, E-mail: tasomul@infocom.co.ug
Issue: Uganda is one of the countries which has adopted an open policy on HIV/AIDS awareness. However rural communties have not been fully empowered to provide AIDS care and prevention. According to the 1999 HIV/AIDS surveillance report, Data indicates a declining trend in major urban sentinel sites while an increasing
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD147)
Jafar A, Khan S; A. Jafar, Bharosa, 21/6/5 Peerpur House 8, Tilak Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India, Tel.: +91 522 208 689, Fax: +91 522 271 760, E-mail: abhayindia@hotmail.com
Issues: In India , amongst males who have sex with males, a significant number are self-identified kotis. These males have a feminine identification and are usually (but not only) accessed by other males to be penetrated orally or anally. They can usually be seen in a variety of public sex environments, using their fe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD148)
Soskolne V, Entz A, Prachuabmoh-Ruffolo V, van Griensven GJ; V. Soskolne, Hadassah Medical Organization, POB 12000, Jerusalem, il-91120, Israel, Tel.: 972-2-677 7879, Fax: 9722-643 9730, E-mail: varda@vms.huji.ac.il
Background: Migrant populations are at higher risk for HIV infection. HIV-related risk behaviors (STD care, tattoo, drug use, sexual behavior) among fishermen in Thailand are described. Occupational and psychosocial factors associated with condom use were examined. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of fishermen working
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD149)
Kelly K; K. Kelly, Rhodes University, Psychology Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, Tel.: +(046) 603 85 00, Fax: +(046) 622 40 32, E-mail: kelly@imaginet.co.za
Issues: In developed HIV/AIDS epidemics greater attention should be focussed on contextual factors that influence risk to HIV infection. In addition, contextual factors influence broader community response to the epidemic, and particularly the increasing need to deal with issues of care and support. Understanding of i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD150)
Hor BL, Gorbach P, Sopheab H, Ly PS, Mun PK; B. L. Hor, National centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology & STDs, 170 Sihanouk Boulevard, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Tel.: (+855-23) 722 515, Fax: (+855 23) 722 515, E-mail: lhor@bigpond.com,kh
Background: The Cambodian National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD annually conducted a Behavioral Surveillance Survey from 1997-99 with sentinel groups to track behaviors contributing to the spread of STD/HIV. Changes in consistent condom use in recent commercial sex and factors affecting individuals condom u
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD151)
Go V, Quan VM, Zenilman J, Chung A, Hanh VT, Tam T, Celentano DD; V. Go, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 662 7335, Fax: +1 410 955 1836, E-mail: vgo@jhsph.edu
Background: Early and appropriate treatment for reproductive tract infections (RTIs) can shorten the duration of infectiousness and prevent transmission. The objectives of this study were to determine where women seek treatment for RTI symptoms and to identify barriers to care in northern Vietnam (VN). Met
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD152)
Pool R, Kabunga E; R. Pool, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 042, Fax: +256 41 321 137, E-mail: mrc@starcom.co.ug
Background: Recent studies report substantial sexual behaviour change in Africa in response to the AIDS epidemic. Generally there seems to be an increase in condom use and a reduction in partners, with men reporting more change than women. However, it is not only important to know whether people are changing, but also
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD197)
Morroni C, Weir S, Coetzee N, Myer L, Boerma JT; C. Morroni, University of Cape Town, Department of Community Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 406 65 04, Fax: +27 21 406 65 35, E-mail: chelsea@anat.uct.ac.za
Background: The identification of locations and patterns of new sexual partner acquisition is essential for HIV prevention programs. This study pilot tested the use of key informants to identify sites where residents go to meet new sexual partners as part of a rapid method to identify high transmission areas (HTAs). Me
Background: The validity of self reported HIV risk behaviors is often questioned, especially among injection drug users (IDUs). No gold standard exists to validate risk behaviors, including needle sharing and sexual behavior. Self reports to interviewer administered questionnaires (IAQs) are often the only practical s
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD199)
Van De Wijgert J, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Nyamapfeni P, Mwale M, Shiboski S, Turner C, Padian N; J. Van De Wijgert, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, United States, Tel.: +1 212 339 0611, Fax: +1 212 755 6052, E-mail: jvandewijgert@popcouncil.org
Background & Methods: We evaluated whether ACASI programs can be adapted for use in sexual behavior research in Zimbabwe . ACASI was tested with women in three educational groups: 1) primary school or less; 2) (some) high school; and 3) college students. During ACASI, the participant reads questions on a laptop scr
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD200)
van der Sande M, Paine K, West B, Akum A, McAdam K, Morison L, Walraven G, Shaw M; M. van der Sande, MRC Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, Gambia, Tel.: +220 49 59 16, Fax: +220 49 59 19/65 13, E-mail: mvdsande@mrc.gm
Background: In The Gambia , as in most of West-Africa, estimated HIV prevalence is between 1 and 2%. This level offers a window of opportunity to prevent a full scale epidemic. Over the last years Stepping Stones, a HIV intervention programme, has been adapted to the local situation in a partnership between the governm
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD201)
Mast TC, Kigozi G, Wabwire-Mangen F, Makumbi F, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Black RE, Wu AW; T.C. Mast, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 524 N. Broadway, Rm 117, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 1622, Fax: +1 410 955 2791, E-mail: tmast@jhsph.edu
Background: The MOS-HIV is a brief, comprehensive questionnaire widely used in developed countries to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among HIV-infected persons using ten dimensions of physical and mental health. However, HRQoL methods are rarely applied in resource-limited settings such as Africa. We a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD202)
Luo C, Ndubani P, Bond G, Nyblade L, Field ML, Mwela Ch; P.~Ndubani, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, MTCT Working group office, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, Tel.: C/0 ICRW +260 02 717 0007 x115, Fax: C/O ICRW +260 202 717 0020, E-mail: C/O lnyblade@icrw.org
Issues: Zambia , in addition to several other sub-Saharan countries, is beginning to implement a mother to child transmission of HIV (MTCT) prevention program. Pregnant women offered the MTCT prevention program face complicated and hard decisions about HIV testing, medication during pregnancy, and infant feeding. Thes
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD203)
Chopra M, Schaay N, Piwoz E; M. Chopra, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa, Tel.: +27 219 592 132, Fax: +27 219 592 872, E-mail: mchopra@uwc.ac.za
Background: The Provincial Health Department in the Western Cape is currently providing short-course AZT and infant formula to HIV-positive pregnant women in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban township 25 km outside of Cape Town where about 15% of antenatal women are HIV-positive. The purpose of this study was to learn from w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD204)
Tlou S, Nyblade L, Field ML, Rantona K; S. Tlou, PO Box 1004, Gaborone, Botswana, Tel.: +267 355 2360, Fax: +267 585 096, E-mail: tlous@mopipi.ub.bw
Aim: This presentation describes a section of the findings of a research project on community perspectives and responses to the Botswana Government s programme to reduce transmission of HIV from Mother To Child (MTCT). The project was carried out by the Society for Women and AIDS in Africa, Botswana (SWAABO) in collab
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD205)
Desclaux A, Taverne B, Alfieri C, Querre M, Coulibaly-Traore D, Ky-Zerbo O; A. Desclaux, LEHA, Universite d'Aix-Marseille, 38, ave de l'Europe, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France, Tel.: +33 4 42 95 02 47, Fax: +33 4 42 95 02 47, E-mail: adesclaux@magic.fr
Background: UNICEF/ UNAIDS /WHO have published guidelines in 1998 that define infant feeding options to prevent HIV transmission through breastfeeding. To be adopted, these options must be compatible with women s lifestyles, with their perceptions of risks, advantages of breastfeeding and other options, with the percep
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD206)
Chopra M, Piwoz E; M. Chopra, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa, Tel.: +27 021 959 2132, Fax: +27 021 959 2872, E-mail: mchopra@uwc.ac.za
Background: For the previous six months the Provincial Health Department in the Western Cape is currently providing short-course AZT and infant formula to HIV-positive pregnant women in Khayelitsha, South Africa . Presently, all HIV +ve mothers are advised to stop breastfeeding.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD207)
Rantona K, Tlou S, Kidd R, Field ML, Nyblade L, Sentumo S; K. Rantona, SWAABO, PB 00452, Gaborone, 00267, Botswana, Tel.: +267 721 776 03, E-mail: care of mfield@icrw.org
Issues: In the last few years there has been progress in the prevention of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through drug regimens that are affordable in many developing countries.In the face of this progress there are serious barriers and consequences to service utilization,due to stigma,confidentiality issu
Background: Recent studies show that, in many urban settings in developing countries, the biosocial gap is increasing as age at menarche becomes lower and age at marriage rises. This phenomenon means that young people are more likely to engage in pre-marital sexual activity and to be exposed to sexually transmitted dis
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD209)
Mohd Khalib A; A. Mohd Khalib, University of Malaya, 4, Jln 1/9C, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, West Malaysia, Malaysia, Tel.: +60 3 825 06 89, Fax: +60 3 443 94 55, E-mail: azferul@hotmail.com
Issue: The effects of the economic upheaval experienced in Malaysia from 1997-99 were felt among female sex workers receiving RM 30 (USD 8) per client. The results of a minor study carried out in the Bukit Bintang commercial district of Kuala Lumpur among the sex workers of 6 brothels indicate that they were choosing
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD210)
Myer L, Mathews C, Little F; L. Myer, Medical Research CouncilPO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, Tel.: +27 35 550 0158, Fax: +27 35 550 1674, E-mail: landon.myer@mrc.ac.za
Background: As part of a larger study investigating the use and waste of public sector condoms, this research describes the sexual activity and condom use practices of individuals procuring condoms from public sector health facilities across South Africa . Methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken during 1998
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD211)
Suyentna D, Ford K, Wirawan D, Reed B, Partha M, Sutakertya IB, Swastina W, Sedana D, Murtini GA; DSuyentna, Jalan Raya Sestan No. 186, Denpasar 80223, Indonesia, Tel.: +62 361 223 865, Fax: +62 361 223 865, E-mail: ykpdps@denpasar.wasantara.net.id
Introduction: Developing condom negotiation skills is an important part of behavioral intervention programs for sex workers. While sex workers who are involved in interventions often report that they ask their clients to use condoms, data from the clients are usually not available. The objective of this study is to de
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD212)
Zibecchi C, De Bonis A, Accinelli M, Vilas A, Burgos AM; C. Zibecchi, Cabrera 3531 "A", (1186) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4963 4545, Fax: +54 11 4963 4545
Backgound: 90% of B.A. City condom sales occur in kiosks. Our program s goal was to learn the sales modalities and strategies used in city klosks and their relationship to the images kiosk attendants (k.a.) had of condoms. Tools and Method: Agreement with the Univ. of B.A. s Faculty (i.e. school) of Social Sciences and
Compared to other Southeast Asian coutries, the incidence and transmission of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines has been described as low and slow . What is baffling is that condom usage which is supposed to prevent the rapid spread of HIV has been found in a number of behavioral surveillance studies among so-called high ri
Issue: Over two million HIV positive children have been born to HIV positive mothers since the beginning of the epidemic in Uganda . Often these children do not know of their serostatus. There are children whose parents died or are suffering with AIDS. They live under very difficult conditions with trauma and stigma. S
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD251)
Ganafa MN; M. N. Ganafa, PO Box 9964, Kampala 25641, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 290 584, Fax: +256 41 530 412, E-mail: ganafam@yahoo.com
Issues: Predictors of making legal custody plans for children by parents living with HIV/AIDS seeking counselling and medical services in TASO centre. Description: Sociodemographic factors, social support, emotional distress and physical health status were assessed as predictors or custody plans among 243 clients with
Issues: A total of 36 children were bought together from five different branches of the National community of women living with AIDS [Nacwola] in Kampala. The Children ranged from 5-18 years. To determine if their parents disclosure and lack of transparency about their HIV/AIDS affects them. Methodology: Games and Play
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD253)
Adewusi R; R. Adewusi, Youthaid Projects Incorporated, Nigeria, E-mail: youthaid@usa.net
Issue: Information, Education and Communication have been employed universally as vehicles through which interventions on health problems have been provided. However, in Nigeria , Information, Education and Communication on sexual health issues including HIV has many hindrances like religion and culture which makes th
Background: To break the silence of Zambian girl child/parent dialogue on sexuality and Reproductive health which has been treated as taboo in most African culture Zambia in particular. Method: The Zambian Girl child of Kazimva youth Christian community has been attending Anti Aids Club meetings where sensitive issue o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD255)
Baney M, Dalit B, Koegel H, Parham D, Lago M; M. Baney, Saint Vincents Hospital and Medical Center, 153 W. 11th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011, United States, Tel.: +1 212 604 29 43, Fax: +1 212 604 72 81, E-mail: NYPUG@aol.com
Issues: MSM sex workers are an extremely disenfranchised and mistrustful population that place themselves at risk for HIV infection as an occupational hazard. Many are unaware of their HIV status or have chosen not to get tested due to the emotional implications associated with such a test. Significant barriers are in
Issues: Outreach work among hidden populations is a new HIV and STD education and prevention strategy to the Russian Federation. In 1997, the Moscow based, Russian non-governmental organization, AIDS infoshare was the first Russian organization to implement outreach activities targeting female commercial sex workers in
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD257)
Essombo J, Zerbo PJ, Kone A, Diomande O, Arkjoumani C; J. Essombo, RSB, 23, Avenue Nogues, 4e Etage, B.P. 6554, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 20 32 10 40, Fax: +225 20 21 80 50, E-mail: ejorsb@africaonline.co.ci
Issues: There was extensive media coverage of the massive presence of minors among professional prostitutes in the mid 1990s. This rejuvenation of the prostitute population was confirmed during assessment of the Prevention among Prostitutes Project (PPP) in 1996. Already at that date, minors (18 or under) were less lik
Background: Previous quantitative studies by the author have indicated a greater vulnerability of gay working class men in Germany in regard to HIV infection and risk behaviour. This study was designed to obtain more detailed information about HIV risk and working class gay men by way of interviews with German working
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD259)
Boushaba A;;; A. Boushaba, ALCS (ASSOCIATION DE LUTTE CONTRE LE SIDA), 17, Boulevard Al Massira Al Khadra, Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco, Tel.: +212 2 99 42 42, Fax: +212 2 99 42 44, E-mail: alcs@casanet.net.ma
Background: Since february 1996, the ALCS ( the Moroccan Assocaiation for Fight against AIDS) held with the support of UNAIDS an action among men sex workers having sex with men in four major cities of Morocco . Methods: Weekly permanences are set up on meetings points by shift workers. Informations about HIV/AIDS , p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD260)
Dockrell MJ, Harding R, Dockrell J, Reeves D; M.J. Dockrell, Gay Men Fighting AIDS, The Eurolink Centre, Effra Rd, London, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 738 6872, Fax: +44 181 356 8235, E-mail: mdockrel@gmfa.demon.co.uk
Background: A gay men s CBO developed 2 interventions adopting a cognitive approach to help men avoid unwanted sexual risk (USR). The effectiveness of each is measured and compared against 7 outcome measures. Methods: 62 gay men with difficulties avoiding USR were recruited and allocated randomly to 3 conditions: Group
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD261)
Namagembe I; I. Namagembe, AIDS Information Centre, PO Box 10446, Kampala, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 (347 603) / (271 433), Fax: +256 41 251 544, E-mail: aidsinfo@imul.com
Background: The National community of women living with AIDS NACWOLA has been providing service aimed at improving the social well being of women living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda since 1992 todate over 50,000 are register in the organisation. Project: Having realised the difficulties faced by children in affected famili
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD262)
Simwinga E; E. Simwinga, PO Box 32379, UNZA Vet-Hostels BF-08, Lusaka, Zambia, E-mail: emmasims@mailcity.com
Issues: In Zambia like other developing countries, approximately 85 percent of HIV/AIDS infections are sexually transmitted (USAID Report 1998). The sexual orientation however referred to in Zambia is heterosexuality. Therefore, every act of managing and preventing sexually transmitted infections works on the assumptio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD263)
Allen C, McLetchie K, Russell-Brown P, Wagner U, Da Costa-Martinez D, DeGazon-Washington A-M, Chapman-Smith T, Wright M; C. Allen, Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC/PAHO/WHO), 16-18 Jamaica Boulevard, Federation Park, Port of Spain, Trinidad And Tobago, Tel.: +1-868-622-2153, Fax: +1-868-622-9585, E-mail: allencar@carec.paho.org
Background: In Trinidad and Tobago , peak HIV infections are in age groups 20-24 for women and 30-34 for men. In the 15-19 age group, there are 6 times as many infected females as males. Research sought to answer two questions; 1.
Objectives: To assess how often HIV/AIDS talks are involved into household conversations in the one hand, and aqually to assess of what interest HIV-screening is to couples. Methods: In order to assess the impact of counselling about HIV-screening among seropositive couples, a questionnaire was made available to all co
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD265)
Dalrymple L, Zulu L, Dludla J; L. Dalrymple, Dram Aide, Private Bag x 1001, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: (0357) 929-131, Fax: (0357) 929-140, E-mail: lynndal@iafrica.com
Issues: In South Africa there is a culture of silence and fear around HIV/AIDS. Individuals refrain from disclosing their HIV status because of fear of rejection and isolation in their communities. The stigma attached to HIV/AIDS undermines processes of healing for family members, and undermines community response to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrD266)
Karoye F; F. Karoye, Wamata, Dar-Es-Salaam Branch, PO Box 33279, Regent Street 50, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tel.: +255 51 461 181, Fax: +255 51 115 823, E-mail: swaat@muchs.ac.tz
Issues: I am talking about a seven-years experience as a Person living with HIV/AIDS, Activist, Ambassador of Hope through NAP+, Chairman of WAMATA Dar-Brach, Volunteer Counsellor Care giver on HIV/AIDS since 13th October, 19992 when I was diagnosed as HIV positive. In 1994 with support from Family Health International
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE153)
Ngwena C; C. Ngwena, PO Box 380, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Tel.: +27 51 505 13 87, Fax: +27 51 505 14 22, E-mail: ngwenac@opv.uovs.ac.za
Issues: Recruits to the South African National Defence Force are required to undergo HIV testing with a positive status constituting a disqualifying factor. The legality of such testing has yet to be challenged in court. South Africa has a liberal constitution which, among other provisions, provides for equality, and o
Issues: Informed consent and confidentiality with regards to HIV serostatus are generally regarded as fundamental principles of HIV/AIDS testing, counseling and care. However, the actual clinical application of these principles varies considerably across cultures. In India , the patient may be t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE155)
Stoltz L; L. Stoltz, Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 484 McGill Street, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, H2Y 2H2, Canada, Tel.: +1 514 397 6828, Fax: +1 514 397 8570, E-mail: lstoltz@goodmancarr.com
Issues: In 1998, the US Institute of Medicine s Committee on Perinatal Transmission of HIV recommended that the US adopt a national policy of universal testing, with patient notification, as a routine component of prenatal care . The recommendation is controversial in its abandonment of informed consent as a necessary
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE156)
Faucher J-M; J-M. Faucher, National AIDS Council, 25/27 rue d'Astorg, 75008 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 4456 3850, Fax: +33 1 4456 3890, E-mail: CNS-CONSEIL@sante.gouv.fr
Issues: In France , public social insurance covers the costs of the treatments of HIV-related illnesses. But most of other insurance problems (invalidity, death, alternative sources of income in case of long-term illness) rest on private insurance. For people living with HIV/AIDS, any personal insurance is deemed by i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE157)
Ramaiah A; A. Ramaiah, #57 Across Devegowda Layout Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India, Tel.: +918 063 401 91, Fax: +918 066 481 19, E-mail: etsri@hotmail.com
Issues: Indian women have been a discriminated and neglected community. In the light of this scenario HIV positive women have been stigmatised and isolated, to tackle this problem a network for HIV positive women was established. Description: The network was established to tackle the myriad of problems faced by HIV pos
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE158)
Kinghorn A, Floyd L; A. Kinghorn, Abt Associates Inc., POBox 783400, Sandton 2146, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 883 7547, Fax: +27 11 883 6790, E-mail: anthony_kinghorn@abtassoc.co.za
Issues: Mobilising political commitment and resources across sectors to combat HIV/AIDS has been challenging in many contexts. Translating political commitment into practical programme implementation with sufficient resources can be even more difficult. Description: In 1997/98, three HIV/AIDS impact studies were perfor
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE159)
Alvim Castello Branco C, Rossi L, Costa Filho R, Assoni JF;;; C. Alvim Castello Branco, Brazilian STD/AIDS Program - MOH, Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco G - Sobreloja, Brasilia - DF, Brazil, Tel.: 55) (61) 315-2810 / 2520 / 241, Fax: (55) (61) 225-2105, E-mail: aids@aids.gov.br
Issue: PLWA participation in NGOs against prejudice and discrimination is becoming more widespread. The Brazilian Government STD/AIDS Programme has taken the lead in stimulating the empowerment of these people, through leadership and activism training. Description: The STD/AIDS Programme, with the assistance and coordi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE160)
Kakengi Mustafa A; A. Kakengi Mustafa, PO Box 1338, Bukoba, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tel.: +255 66 217 16, Fax: +255 66 210 00, E-mail: bukoba@mdm.bushnet.net
Issue: Different positive women from 15 different regions were mobilized and sensitized to be volunteers in their regions in empowering other women affected by HIV/AIDS. Description: The training include 75 positive women were focusing on HIV/AIDS awareness, survival techniques (nutrition), disclosure to our children,
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE161)
Milano M, Berkman A, Hoos D, Krauss K; M. Milano, ACT UP/New York, 218 Thompson St. #21, New York, NY 10012, United States, Tel.: +212-475-4889, Fax: +212-268-6077, E-mail: marknyc@hotmail.com
Issues: A crucial issue confronting the global AIDS community is the extreme inequality in access to treatment. Initiatives taken by governments of developing countries to expand access have met opposition by the pharmaceutical industry and by the U.S. government (USG). Activists from the U.S. formed a coalition commit
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE162)
Quintero O; O. Quintero, Probidsida, Apartado Postal, Plaza Panama 0833-0078, Panama, Tel.: +507 225 9119, Fax: +507 225 8043, E-mail: probidsida@hotmail.com
Background: There are over 3014 cases of AIDS in Panama , whose population is 2.5 million. PROBIDSIDA a NGO was formed to seek access to retroviral medication for People Living With AiDA (PWAs)in Panama. Two years ago, at the XII World AIDS Conference in Geneva, Switzerland , w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE214)
Giovanni G, Righi E, Bedini A, Bertani D, Lodesani C, Bolzon R; G. Giovanni, University of Modena, via del pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy, Tel.: +39 059 422 799, Fax: +39 059 424 278, E-mail: g.guaraldi@unimo.it
Introduction: The San Lazzaro nursing home in Modena was the first hospice caring for AIDS patients in Emilia Romagna (North of Italy ). Since October 1991, 95 patients have been assisted. At present it can assist 14 in-patients and 2 out-patients. Objective: The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the p
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE215)
Kocic F, Stojanovic M, Dragana S, Mihajlovic L; F. Kocic, Youth of Yugoslav Association against AIDS, 27.Marta street 35, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Tel.: +381 11 322 56 45, Fax: +381 11 322 56 45, E-mail: bajron@ptt.yu
Issue: Ten years of sanctions (embargo), war surrounding, and great number of Internally Displaced Persons- IDP s (1,5 million) have caused awareness and attention of the general population to be of significantly low level which markedly causes the increase of STI s and AIDS transmission in FRY. With this project we wo
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE216)
Shah R, Bamne D; R. Shah, Jobanputra Clinic 59, Balasinor Society, SV Road Kandivli(West), Mumbai 400067, India, Tel.: +912 280 133 43, Fax: +912 280 504 09, E-mail: shahrashmikant@hotmail.com
Issue: It is known that truck drivers in India engage in highrisk sexual practices. Given their special vulnerability to STDs including HIV, twinned with their high mobility, non-traditional and multidimensional approaches are needed to effectively convey prevention messages and provide needed treatment and care.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE217)
Maina N; N. Maina, Society of Women Against AIDS in Africa, 1514 Nebraska Avenue East, St. Paul, MN 55106, United States, Tel.: +1 651 774 50 57, Fax: +1 651 774 50 57, E-mail: main0023@tc.umn.edu
Issue: The increased number of African immigrants infected with HIV in Minnesota poses a challenge to tthe health care professionals in Minnesota. Although HIV therapy is available, Africans who have come here as refugees or as a result of secondary migration encounter numerous barriers in accessing health care. Descri
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. MoOrE218)
Sesay M, McLean S; M. Sesay, African HIV Steering Group, 196 Old Street, London EC1V 9FR, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 814 6722, Fax: +44 171 216 0111, E-mail: max.sesay@nat.org.uk
Issues: As a migrant group, Africans make up a small proportion of the total UK population (0.4% in 1991) but constitute the second single group most affected by HIV in the UK after gay men. Africans are found in only a handful of major cities in the UK, with almost 80%
