Background: In South Africa , Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is becoming increasingly prevalent with the expanding HIV epidemic. Recent evidence has documented the existence of different HHV-8 genetic subgroups that are geographically distributed. The aim of this study was to identify the circulating subgroups in South Africa.
Background: HHV8 prevalence demonstrates geographical variation. There is a paucity of data regarding transmission dynamics of this novel gamma virus. The aim of this study is to assess transmission dynamics and prevalence in KZN. Methods: A hundred HIV+ve mothers and their babies were analysed for HHV8 antibodies(Ab).
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA472)
Gaye Diallo A, Gueye Ndiaye A, Gessain A, Ndour Sarr A, Toure Kane NC, Toure AT, Dia MC, De The G, Mboup S; A. Gaye Diallo, Bacteriologie Virologie Laboratoire CHU le dantec, 30 Avenue Pasteur, BP 7325 Dakar, Senegal, Tel.: +221 822 59 19 / 821 64 20, Fax: +221 821 64 42, E-mail: virus@sonatel.senet.net
Background: HHV8 is the virus associated with Kaposi sarcoma and this affection is rare in Senegal even among HIV infected patients. The aims of this study are to assess the presence of HHV8 and HIV in Senegal and to evaluate their prevalence in the pregnant women population. Method: Study population: 407 ante-natal c
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA473)
Zago A, Viana MC, Bourboulia D, Collandre H, Dietze R, Boshoff C, Keller R; A. Zago, Center of Reference in STD/AIDS, Vitoria, Brazil, Tel.: +55 27 227 92 31, E-mail: zago.vix@zaz.com.br
Background: Current seroepidemiological studies indicate that HHV-8 is a common infection in patients with HIV infection and Kaposi s sarcoma disease and appears to be transmitted predominantly through homosexual contact. Very little is known about the seroprevalence of HHV-8 in South America. This study aimed at inves
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA474)
Caterino-De-Araujo A, Carbone PH, Martinelli FL, Santos-Fortuna E, Moreira AA, Suleiman J, Barra LA; A. Caterino-De-Araujo, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, AV DR Arnaldo 355 11, Seqao De Imunologia, Sao Paulo 01246-902, Brazil, Tel.: +551 130 610 111, Fax: +551 185 335 05, E-mail: caterino@ial.sp.gov.br
Background: Search for HHV-8 antibodies in HIV-1-infected patients from Sao Paulo, Brazil , and establish a prognostic value of these antibodies in predicting the development of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Methods: Commercial ELISA kit (HHV-8 IgG Antibody, Advanced Biotechnologies Inc.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA475)
Hladik W, Dollard S, Kataaha P, Karon J, Pellett P, Namaala H, Goddard J, Downing R, Lackritz E; W. Hladik, HIV International Activities Branch, DHAP, NCHSTP, CDC, MS-E50, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Tel.: +1 404 639 61 11, Fax: +1 404 639 42 68, E-mail: wfh3@cdc.gov
Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the probable etiologic agent for Kaposi s sarcoma, the leading malignancy in Uganda and a major AIDS-related disease. The transmission modes of HHV-8 in Africa are unknown. Methods: To evaluate possible modes of transmission of HHV-8 and identify potential prevention strategie
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA476)
Olmsted R, Karim SA, Williamson C, Morris L, Swanstrom R, Fiscus S, Frelinger J, Johnston R; R. Olmsted, AlphaVax, Inc., 710 W. Main Street, Durham, NC 27701, United States, Tel.: +1 919 688 6902, Fax: +1 919 688 7396, E-mail: olmsted@alphavax.com
Background: An international collaborative effort to design and develop an HIV-1-subtype C vaccine for use in South Africa was initiated in October 1998 under the support of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Methods: The candidate vaccine will be comprised of a mixture of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA477)
Johnston R, MacDonald G, Richmond E, Aronson J, Johnson P, Davis N; R. Johnston, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 7290, United States, Tel.: +1 919 966 35 07, Fax: +1 919 962 81 03, E-mail: rjohnst@med.unc.edu
The efficacy of a vaccine vector system is influenced by the anatomical site and particular cell type in which expression occurs. Vaccine vectors based on the alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) have been employed successfully in a number of animal models of disease, including simian immunodeficiency
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA478)
Dhawan S, Boykins RA; S. Dhawan, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food & Drug Admn., 1401 Rockville Pike HFM-315, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, United States, Tel.: +1 301 827 0796, Fax: +1 301 480 7928, E-mail: dhawan@cber.fda.gov
Background: Tat protein is produced by HIV-infected cells and plays a critical role in the progression of HIV infection. Therefore, immunologic obstruction of Tat as a prophylaxis treatment could reduce the viremia, thereby delay the onset of progression to AIDS. Methods: A single synthetic HIV-Tat multiple peptide con
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA480)
Lisziewicz J; J. Lisziewicz, Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy, at Georgetown University, Med-Den SW 307, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington DC, 20007, United States, Tel.: +1 202 687 2833, Fax: +1 202 687 2907, E-mail: right@gunet.georgetown.edu
Background: HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses (T helper and CTL) correlate with protection. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) are the most efficient cells to induce potent cell-mediated immune responses. Methods: We used genetically modified dendritic cells (GM-DC) to provide efficient antigen presentat
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA481)
Okuda K, Liu L-J, Watabe S, Hamajima K, Wahren B, Xin K-Q; K. Okuda, Yokohama City University, Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine 3-9 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236 0004, Japan, Tel.: +81 45 787 26 02, Fax: +81 45 787 25 09, E-mail: kokuda@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
Background: Our previous reports (Okada et al. J Immunol 1997; Tsuji et al. Eur J Immunol 1998; Tsuji et al. J Immunol 1998; Sasaki et al. J Virol 1998; Kusakabe et al. J Immunol 2000) revealed that DNA vaccine induces strong levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) res
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA526)
Valdez H, Anthony D, Farukhi F, Patki A, Salkowitz J, Heeger P, Peterson D, Asaad R, Lederman M; H. Valdez, Case Western Reserve University, 2061 Cornell, Rm 301B, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States, Tel.: +1 216 844-2057, Fax: +1 216 844-5523, E-mail: valdez.hernan@clevelandactu.org
Background: 85% of HCV-infected patients are chronically viremic and a variable proportion develops cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vigorous HCV-specific CD4 responses are associated with clearance of HCV viremia, but these are absent or of low magnitude in most patients with chronic HCV infection. HIV-HCV coi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA527)
Khan M, Nazrul I; M. Khan, 8/4 Eastern Plaza Hatirpool, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh, Tel.: +088 029 661 439, Fax: +088 028 669 34, E-mail: khanmanirul@hotmail.com
Background: Bangladesh are considered to be a low prevalence area, all the determinants like high prevalence of STDs, existence number of commercial sex workers (CSW), migrant workers, increasing number of intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and unscreened blood transfusion make it a fertile ground for rapid and widespread
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA528)
Workenesh A, Cutts F, Nokes J, Fontanet A, Abebe A, Messele T, Enquselassie F, Dejene A; A. Workenesh, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, E-mail: afontanet@gggd.amsterdam.nl
Background: to study the prevalence of HCV and HIV infections among Addis Ababa inhabitants. Methods: Serum samples from a representative household community survey (n = 4853) of the population of Addis Ababa (1994) aged 0-49 years, were analysed for anti-HCV (third generation assay) and anti-HIV antibodies (double
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA529)
Dos Santos G, Abel S, Martial J, Bera O, Cabi A, Sobesky G, Saire RC; R.C.~Saire, Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique, Tel.: +596 75 79 00, Fax: +596 75 29 14, E-mail: cesaire.raymond@wanadoo.fr
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), GB virus C / Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) and TT virus (TTV) can be transmitted by the parenteral route. In HIV positive patients, HCV infection is usually acquired by injection drug use (IDU) and the sexual route is much less efficient. We examined the respective importance of the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA530)
Proietti F, Caiaffa W, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Marques L, Guimares M, Doneda D, Lopes A, The Ajude-Brasil P; F. Proietti, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, School of Medicine, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Tel.: +55-31-224-0911, Fax: +55-31-224-0911, E-mail: proietti@medicina.ufmg.br
Background: There is a lack of information on prevalence and risk factors correlated with HIV and HCV couinfection among IDUs attending SEPs in Brazil . Methods: The AjUDE-Brasil Project was designed as a cross-sectional multicenter study aiming to access information on IDUs older than 18 years, attending five Brazili
Background: HCV infection has been described frequently among HIV patients, specially those infected by the parenteral route. In addition, this coinfection has been associated with higher risk of developing liver failure and AIDS. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological factors ass
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA532)
Erickson Viltanen S, Kaltenbach R, Getman D, Garber S, Jeffrey S, Bacheler L, Diamond S, Davies M, Trainor G; S. Erickson Viltanen, Dupont Pharmaceuticals, Ex Station - E336/228, PO Box 80336, Wilmington, DE 19880-0336, United States, Tel.: +1 302 695 7265, Fax: +1 302 695 3934, E-mail: susan.kerickson_viitanen@dupontpharma.com
Introduction: HIV Protease inhibitors (PIs) are important components of many HAART regimens. However, development of phenotypic and/or genotypic resistance can occur after months of therapy, including broad resistance to other inhibitors of this class. Development of resistance often occurs because trough levels of fre
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA533)
Olson W, Nagashima K, Rosenfield S, Maddon P; W. Olson, Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States, Tel.: +1 914 789 2800, Fax: +1 914 789 2807, E-mail: olson@progenics.com
Background: There is an urgent need for new therapies that target novel stages of the HIV-1 replicative cycle, such as viral entry. PRO 542 (CD4-IgG2) is a fusion protein in which the heavy and light chain constant regions of human IgG2 have been replaced with four copies of the D1D2 domains of human CD4. PRO 542 has
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA534)
Tremblay C, Kollman C, Giguel F, Chou TC, Hirsch MS; C. Tremblay, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Tel.: +1 617 726 38 12, Fax: +1 617 726 74 16, E-mail: ctremblay@partners.org
Objectives: Findings of residual replication-competent HIV-1 in CD4 lymphocytes despite aggressive combination antiretroviral therapy as well as the emergence of resistant virus variants highlight the need to develop new drugs targeting different sites of HIV-1 replication. A promising target is the inhibition of CCR5
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA535)
Ichiyama K, Hirose K, Yokoyama S, Bannai K, Edamatsu T, Yanaka M, Niitani M, Yamamoto N; K. Ichiyama, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 8519, Japan, Tel.: +81 3 580 351 78, Fax: +81 3 580 301 24, E-mail: ichiyama.mmb@med.tmb.ac.jp
Background: To determine the effects of KRH-1120, a nonpeptide compound with a small molecular weight, on the binding of SDF-1 to CXCR4 and T-cell line-tropic HIV-1 replication. Methods: The effects of KRH-1120 on the SDF-1 binding and blocking of Ca2+ signaling were studied with CXCR4-expressing HOS cells. HIV-1 repli
Introduction: First generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) of HIV-1 have demonstrated clinical utility in HAART regimens for NNRTI naive patients. However, clinically significant resistance to these agents can arise from a single point mutation in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA537)
Klimkait T, Lazdins J, Zeller M, Hamy F; T. Klimkait, University of Basel, Institute for med. Microbiologie, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 61 267 3264, Fax: +41 61 267 3298, E-mail: thomas.klimkait@unibas.ch
Background: Rapid development of viral drug resistance poses a serious limitation to the management of HIV disease and to pharmaceutical drug programs. In turn, this obstacle forms a basis for new efforts utilizing alternative viral targets. By aiming at the Tat-driven process of HIV gene regulation we searched for nov
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA593)
O'Connor D, Evans D, Mothe B, Allen T, Dzuris J, Sette A, Watkins D; D. O'Connor, Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, United States, Tel.: +1 608 265 3379, Fax: +1 608 262 5494, E-mail: doconnor@primate.wisc.edu
Natural selection for high-fitness human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants occurs during the course of infection. Selection for altered host cell tropism, decreased susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies, and broadened coreceptor usage has been thoroughly documented. While these examples of selection are importa
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA594)
Rutebemberwa A, Auma B, Gillmour J, Jones G, Watera C, Imami N, Kaleebu P, Whitworth J, Gotch F; A. Rutebemberwa, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P. O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256-41-320272/320042, Fax: +256-41-321137, E-mail: mrc@starcom.co.ug
Background: An effective HIV vaccine should induce good cross-clade cellular immune responses. In order to prepare for future vaccine trials, there is need to investigate the extent of cross-clade immune responses in HIV-1 infected persons, and to develop simple and rapid assays to study cellular immunity. Methods: A
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA595)
Buranapraditkun S, Ruxrungtham K, Warachit P, Honda M, Phanuphak P; S. Buranapraditkun, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand, Tel.: +66-2-254-2323, Fax: +66-2-254-7577, E-mail: bsuprane@chula.ac.th
Background: There are 2 clades of HIV-1: E/A and B (B >B) found in Thailand . Cross-clade CTL study and epitope mapping are warranted for HIV vaccine development to be tested in Thailand. Objectives: To find the prevalence of cross-clade CTL activities in HIV-infected Thais with CD4+ >300 cell/ul. And to identify comm
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA596)
Garba ML, Musonda R, Allen S, Frelinger S; M.L. Garba, University of North Carolina, CB 7290 804 Mejb, AT Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC 27599-7290, United States, Tel.: +1 919 966 2605, Fax: +1 919 962 8103, E-mail: mlgarba@med.unc.edu
Background: Previous studies in repeatedly exposed uninfected (EU) Gambian and Kenyan Commercial Sex Workers (CSW s) showed the presence of HIV-specific CTLs in 6/15 (Kenya) to 5/6 (Gambia) of these women following repeated testing. This suggests a role for CTL s in resistance to HIV infection. In this study, we looked
Background: A small subpopulation (>0.8%)of HIV infected individuals shows no signs of progression over a 10 year period, maintains stable CD4+ T cell counts and has >50 copies of viral RNA/ml plasma. A unique cohort of HIV-1 infected LTNP with these features were prospectively recruited for study. Methods: HLA haploty
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA598)
Mashishi T, Hunt G, Bredell H, Morris L, Ramjee G, Abdool-Karim S, Gray C; T. Mashishi, National Institute for Virology, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 321 4292, Fax: +27 11 321 4325, E-mail: tumelom@niv.ac.za
Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognise specific viral epitopes are thought to provide the most effective control of viral replication and spread. The accessory viral protein, Nef has been shown to contain conserved regions rich in CTL epitopes in subtype B viruses. Subtype C HIV-1 is the most prevalen
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA599)
Kazatchkine M, Hirsch E; M. Kazatchkine, ANRS National Agency for AIDS research, 101 rve de tolbiac, 750 13 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 153 946 023, Fax: +33 153 946 001
For the last ten years, the french National Agency for Research on AIDS (ANRS) has conducted a large number of clinical trials in Africa, in partnership with african scientists and clinicians, e.g. in the area of prevention of MTCT and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections. Until now, ANRS has relied exclusively on t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA600)
Magwaza S, Coetzee N, McGrory E; S.Magwaza, CApe Town University, Public Health Dept. Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, South Africa, Tel.: +27-21-406-6485/3, Fax: +27-21-406-6163, E-mail: spin@ant.uct.ac.za
Background: In 1998, the staff from the Population Council and the University of Cape Town tested the informed consent forms preparing for the Population Council Phase II microbicide expanded safety trial in South Africa . The interview explored their understanding of the purpose of the trial, the steps involved, the r
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA601)
Lazzarini Z, Altice FL; Z. Lazzarini, University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Community Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-6325, Farmington, CT 06030-6325, United States, Tel.: +860-679-5494, Fax: +860-679-5463, E-mail: lazzarini@nso.uchc.edu
Issues: Historically, human experimentation often led to exploitation of prisoners. Modern human subjects regulations in the United States (U.S.) sharply restrict medical research involving prisoners. Banning prisoners from all clinical trials, however, represents a denial of possible benefits for some prisoners, espe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrA602)
Marchand R, Ogden R, Trussler T, Johnson A, Coleman B, Perchal P;;; R. Marchand, Community Based Research Centre, Suite 2 - 2023 West 4th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6J 1N3, Canada, Tel.: +1 604 736 91 50, Fax: +1 604 736 91 20, E-mail: rfm@attglobal.net
Issues: Although AIDS groups have participated in research since the epidemic began, it was not until the Vancouver Conference that community researchers from every global region met to discuss the role of community in research. Since then international meetings have been held 1) to present community research; 2) to ex
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB482)
DeJesus E, Pistole M, Fetchick R, Lauermann M, Roland R, Garrett L, Jiang P, McMillan F; E. DeJesus, IDC Research Initiative, 499 East Central Parkway, Altamonte Springs, United States, Tel.: +407-647-39-60, Fax: +407-647-34-26, E-mail: IDCReach@aol.com
Background: To evaluate the medication taking habits and preference of HIV-1 positive patients randomized to receive either Norvir ( ritonavir ) 400 mg BID plus indinavir 400 mg BID in comb
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB483)
Novak R, Munsiff A, Post JM, Melton D, Diaz-Linares M, Bolanos J, D'Alfonso-Laghi N, Smith R; R. Novak, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St., M/C 735, Rm. 886, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Tel.: +312 996 67 63, Fax: +312 413 16 57, E-mail: rmnovak@uic.edu
Background: Trials of NFV 1250mg BID compared to 750mg TID in ARV-naive persons with HIV infection have shown comparable antiretroviral effect and tolerability. This study looks at the effect of switching from TID to BID dosing on adherence and response. Methods: We reviewed the records of all HIV-infected patients wh
Background: Despite widespread use of bid antiretroviral regimens including indinavir (IDV) plus ritonavir (RTV) based on PK data, a randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of such a strategy with that of tid IDV has not been reported.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB485)
Gorgolas M, Estrada V, Arranz A, Nodar A, Sanz J, Garcia Delgado R, Fernandez Guerrero M; M. Gorgolas, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Avda. Reyes Catolicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 550 48 83, Fax: +34 91 550 49 22, E-mail: mgorgolas@fjd.es
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors has had a major impact in declining the morbidity and mortality of HIV infected patients, however PI s containing regimens are often difficult to comply with and have been associated to metabolic disorders and fat redistribution. Switching of PI
The effectiveness of two triple antiretroviral combinations to correct T-cell subsets abnormalities and to restore immune functions in asymptomatic antiretroviral naive HIV-1-infected patients with a baseline CD4 T-cell counts > 500/mm3 and plasma VL > 5000 c/ml was analysed. Twenty randomized patients from 2 cohort st
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB487)
Ledru E, Patey O, Roue R, Gougeon M-L; E. Ledru, Pasteur Institute, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 45 68 89 14, Fax: +33 1 45 68 89 09, E-mail: eriledru@pasteur.fr
Background: HAART is associated to a decrease in peripheral T cell apoptosis. As apoptosis regulates cytokine production, we assess the homeostasis of cytokine production in CD45RA and CD45RO T cells following HAART. Methods: 15 HIV+ patients naive of protease inhibitor (PI) were followed for 18 months. A cross section
Background: The continue loss of CD4 T cells that characterize the HIV infection can result in deletions of CD4 T cell clones whereas the persistent antigen stimulation lead to expansions of HIV-specific CD8 T cell clones. Suppression of HIV replication by higly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in increase
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB489)
Skokanova V, Stankova M, Spala J, Beneda M, Rozsypal H, Machala L; V. Skokanova, AIDS Center Univ. Hospital Bulovka, Institute of Hygiene, Dittrichova 17, 12801 Praha 2, Czech Republic, Tel.: +420 2 249 149 66
Background: To assess and characterise changes in expression of IL-4 and IFN-g on CD4+ T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection in patients without therapy, and after initiation of HAART. Methods: We followed 13 HIV-positive patients, who were treated at least 6 months by HAART and 4 HIV-positive patients without therapy.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB490)
Oliva A, Kinter A, Rabin R, Farber J, Metcalf J, Li Y, Romano J, Lane HC, Fauci AS; A.Oliva, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy, E-mail: alecrazy@yahoo.com
Background: Exposure of PBMC or CD4+ T cells to IL-2 in vitro results in various, frequently opposing effects on HIV replication such as elevation of the expression of the HIV coreceptor/CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 as well as increased production of HIV inhibitory factors. Methods: Whole blood was obtained from HIV-inf
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB491)
Mezzaroma I, Pinter E, Carlesimo M, Bernardi ML, Alario C, Sacco G, Santini Muratori D, Fantini R, Aiuti F; I. Mezzaroma, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Viale dell'Universite, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy, Tel.: +39 64 997 20 36, Fax: +39 64 46 62 09, E-mail: mezzaroma@uniroma1.it
Background: To evaluate immunological reconstitution after 4 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in severely immunocompromised HIV-1 patients. Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of HAART on clinical outcomes and reduction of HIV-1 replication, but conficting evidences on the levels
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB538)
Bouic P, Lamprecht J, Freestone M; P. Bouic, University of Stellenbosch, Dept. Medical Microbiology, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa, Tel.: +27 21 938 4035, Fax: +27 21 938 4005, E-mail: pjdb@gerga.sun.ac.za
Background: Results in vitro using a mixture of BSS and BSSG showed that these had immunomodulatory activities (enhancement of IFN-g and IL2 secretion) whilst decreasing the levels of IL6 and TNF-a. An open-labeled study was initiated to test this mixture in HIV infected individuals not on any forms of therapy. Methods
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB539)
Fernandez-Cruz E, Munoz-Fernandez MA, Navarro J, Abad ML, Resino S, Jimenez JL, Canto C, Carbone J, Lopez F, Esteban M, M MF;;; EduardoFernandez-Cruz, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Division Immunology, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, Madrid 28007, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 586 84 23, Fax: +34 91 586 66 98, E-mail: efernandez@inmuno.hggm.es
We are currently testing a therapeutic vaccine (REMUNE), which is an inactivated gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen. A subset of 54 HIV+ subjects included in a multicenter, double-blind, adjuvant-controlled, randomized study of REMUNE versus Incomplete Freund s Adjuvant (IFA) coadministered with antiretrovirals was analyze
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB540)
Beretta A, Lazzarin A, Hasson H, Fumagalli L, Clerici M, Ferrante P, Saniabadi A, Adachi M; A. Beretta, S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Infectious Disease Clinic, Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, 20127 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 022 643 79 39, Fax: +39 022 643 70 30, E-mail: giuliana.uslenghi@hsr.it
Background: HIV infection results in immune alterations which are only partially reversed by current antiretroviral therapies (HAART).In addition, some HAART-treated patients never respond with a significant rise in CD4+ cell counts (immunological non responders). Some monocyte-derived cytokines, like TNFalpha play a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB541)
Hecht F, Kahn J, Chesney M, Webb M, Batya S, Busch M, Altfeld M, Grant R, Oksenberg J, McGrath M, Walker B, Levy J; F. Hecht, UCSF, Ward 84, Building 80, San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, Tel.: +011 (415) 476-4082 /431, Fax: +011 (415) 476-6953, E-mail: rhecht@php.ucsf.edu
Background: Treatment of primary HIV may offer unique opportunities to preserve the capacity to mount effective cellular immune responses to HIV. We are performing a randomized trial to determine the effects on virologic and immunologic outcomes of using an immune modulatory agent, IL-2 , together with
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB542)
Van Heeswyk R, Veldkamp AI, Mulder JW, Meenhorst PL, Beynen JM, Lange JM, Hoetelmans RM; R. Van Heeswyk, Slotervaart Hospital Dept Pharmacy, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, Netherlands, Tel.: +312 051 244 81, Fax: +312 051 247 53, E-mail: aprom@slz.nl
Background: TDM of NVP may be helpful to detect patient non-compliance or subtherapeutic exposure to this drug. Traditionally, plasma (PL) is used for TDM. We explored if the concentration of NVP in saliva (SA) is an indicator of the corresponding concentration in PL, to evaluate the applicability of SA for TDM of NVP.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB543)
Moreno S, Podzamczer D, Blazquez R, Iribarren JA, Ferrer E, Reparaz J, Pena JM, Cabrero E, Usan L; S. Moreno, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Servicio de Enf. Infecciosas, Ctra. Colmenar, Km 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 91 336 87 10, Fax: +34 91 336 87 92, E-mail: smoreno@hrc.insalud.es
Background: Rifampin (RF) is contraindicated in HIV-infected patients (pts) with tuberculosis (TB) who receive HAART, due to in vitro pharmacokinetic interactions with PIs and NNRTIs. However, the interaction between ritonavir (RTV) and RF is only mild.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB544)
Fichtenbaum C, Blaschke T, Rosenkranz S, Segal Y, Aberg J, Gerber J, Alston B, Lizak P, Aweeka F; C. Fichtenbaum, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Holmes Division, ML 0405, Eden and Bethesda Avenues, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States, Tel.: +1 513 584 63 61, Fax: +1 513 584 60 40, E-mail: carl.fichtenbaum@uc.edu
Background: Hyperlipidemia is an adverse effect of potent antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) therapy and treatment of lipid disorders is becoming increasingly common. In ACTG A5047, we have previously reported the effects of ritonavir (RTV) + saq
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB545)
Cardiello P, Kroon E, Hoetelmans R, Vorarien W, Ubolyam S, Phanuphak P, Lange J, Cooper D, Ruxrungtham K; P. Cardiello, HIV-NAT, The Thai Red Cross Aids Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 255 73 34, Fax: +66 2 252 57 79, E-mail: peter.c@chula.ac.th
Background: It was shown that 200 mg of itraconazole qd increases SQV concentrations (hard gelatin capsule, HGC) by 5-fold. In HIV NAT 001.2 the effect of 2 doses of itraconazole (100 and 200 mg qd) on SQV PK was investigated when using SQV soft gelatin capsules (SGC). Methods: HIV-1-infected patients from HIV NAT001.2
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB546)
Hsu A, Williams L, Chiu Y-L, Hill L, McMillan F, Lamm J, Rynkiewicz K, Foit C, Ji Q, Hutman W, Ryan J, Sun E, Japour A;;; A. Hsu, Abbott Laboratories, D4PK, AP13A, 100 Abbott Park Rd, Abbott Park, IL, United States, Tel.: +1 847 937 2961, Fax: +1 847 938 5193, E-mail: ann.hsu@abbott.com
Background: Ritonavir significantly improved pharmacokinetic profiles of protease inhibitors indinavir , saquinavir , and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB547)
Degen O, Kurowski M, van Lunzen J, Stellbrink H-J; O. Degen, University Hospital Eppendorf, Medical Department, Pav. 33, INFE, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, Tel.: +49-40-42803-2118, Fax: +49-40-42803-5187, E-mail: hj.stellbrink.hivweb@t-online.de
Background: To investigate APV levels in a low-dose rescue therapy combination with RTV and the impact of EFV on APV levels in this double-PI combination. Methods: Steady-state plasma-levels of APV and RTV were analyzed in 8 HIV-infected patients receiving a combination of both drugs with or without 600 mg EFV qd. 7 ma
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB603)
Murphy R, Katlama C, Autran B, Belsey E, Harris M, Montaner JS, Pollard R, Hellinger J, Squires K, Calvez V, Gulick R, Sommadossi J-P, Pavia A, Youle M, Schacker T, Berzins B, O'Gorman M, Johnson V, Landay A; R. Murphy, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Room 828, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States, Tel.: +1 312 908 0949, Fax: +1 312 908 8281, E-mail: r-murphy@nwu.edu
Background: Hydroxyurea (HU) has been shown to enhance the antiviral activity of nucleosides, particularly didanosine ( ddI ), as well as having potential immunologic effects. The study objectives were to evaluate the 48 week effects of HU on HIV RNA, CD
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB604)
Wood R; R. Wood, HIV Clinic, Somerset Hospital, Greenpoint 8001, Capetown, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 27 11 402 6911, Fax: +27 11 27 11 252 021, E-mail: rcurry@boehringer-ingelheim.com
Background: Study BI 1090 was a 2256 patient international clinical endpoint comparison study of NVP versus placebo on a background of antiretroviral medication. CD4+ counts and HIV RNA copy number were assessed to evaluate the effect of NVP. Methods: Plasmas from the first 171 antiretroviral-naive patients (77 NVP, 94
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB605)
Matheron S, Brun-Vezinet F, Viraben R, Malkin JE, Troisvallets D, Lafeuillade A, Thiaux C, Mamet JP; S. Matheron, Hosp.Bicat, 46,rue Henri Huchard, 75877 paris, France, Tel.: +33 1 40 257 809, Fax: +33 1 42 295 300, E-mail: ct6916@ggr.co.uk
Objective: To evaluate COM/ ABC as first line therapy in HIV-1 infected adults, in place of a PI containing triple combination. Methods: ART naive adults, with a plasma HIV-1 RNA (pVL) between 1000 and 500000 cp/ml were randomized to receive either COM (3TC150mg/ZDV300mg) bid + ABC (300mg) bid or COM bid +
Background/methods.342 antiretroviral naive adults were randomised to COM/ABC(n = 171) or COM/IDV(n = 171)open-label therapy for 48 weeks. Subjects were stratified at baseline as >5000 to >100000 (63%) or >100000 (37%)c/mL. Median HIV-1 RNA was 62000 and 73000c/mL and CD4 count 312 and 298cells/m l for COM/ABC and COM/
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB607)
Pollard R, Green S, Holloway W; R. Pollard, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States, Tel.: +1 409 772 4979, Fax: +1 409 772 3461, E-mail: rcurry@rdg.boehringer-ingelheim.com
Background: Study BI 1090 was a 2256 patient international clinical endpoint comparison study of NVP versus placebo on a background of antiretroviral medications. HIV RNA copy number and CD4 counts were assessed to evaluate the effect of NVP. Methods: Plasmas from the first 239 patients with experience limited to ZDV a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB608)
Eron J, Junod P, Becker S, Ruane P, Thompson M, Arduino R, Walmsley S, Pierce A, Platek G, Snidow J; J. Eron, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Division of Infectious Diseases, 547 Burnett-Womack Building / UNC CB#7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States, Tel.: +1 919 966 2536, Fax: +1 919 966 6714, E-mail: jws3144@glaxowellcome.com
Background: This study examined durability of viral suppression in adults receiving either 3 drugs (COM bid/ nelfinavir tid) or 4 drugs (COM/ abacavir / amprenavir bid).
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB609)
Montessori V, Wood E, Yip B, Hogg R, Sherlock C, Jahnke N, Harrigan R, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner J; J. Montaner, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St, Vancouver BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada, Tel.: +1 604 631 5516
Background: It has been reported that continued antiretroviral therapy in patients with persistently elevated viral loads may be associated with improvements in CD4 cell counts. We have evaluated the relationship between the degree of plasma viral load suppression achieved by HIV-1 infected patients initiating triple d
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB610)
Easterbrook P, Ives N, Peters B, Gazzard B; P.Easterbrook, Academic Department of HIV/GU Medicine, The Guy's, King's & St Thomas' School of Medicine, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 20 78 48 57 70, Fax: +44 20 78 48 57 69, E-mail: philippa.easterbrook@kcl.ac.uk
Background: The prognostic significance of intermittent virological breakthrough or blips in patients with an otherwise undetectable VL on HAART remains unclear. We compared the outcome of patients whose VL remained below detectable limits (BLD) after initiation of HAART compared to those who experienced intermittent
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB611)
Zala C, Sued O, Del Sol E, Tocci M, De la Iglesia G, Wekselman S, Abusamra L, Cahn P; C. Zala, Hospital Juan Fernandez, Angel Peluffo 3932 (1202), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4981 7777, Fax: +54 11 4982 4024, E-mail: pcahn@huesped.org.ar
Objective: To describe factors associated with virologic failure in clinical practice in a reference center in Buenos Aires. Methods: Chart review from patients started in a triple drug regimen during 1998-99.Eligible pts were those with at least 6 months of follow up and baseline and postreatment determinations of vi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB612)
Lafeuillade A, Jolly P, Lambry V, Philip G, Hittinger G, Chadapaud S; A. Lafeuillade, CHITS, Hopital Chalucet, Rue Chalucet, 83056 Toulon, France, Tel.: +33 4 942 277 41, Fax: +33 4 949 267 47, E-mail: avps@club-internet.fr
Background: controled therapeutic trials often show better results than routine practice. To know the real impact of triple-drug therapy in a population of every day practice, we have analysed the outcome of the first triple combination prescribed to 500 consecutive HIV-infected patients. Methods: between October 1995
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB613)
Nkengasong JN, Kestens L, Ghys P, Koblavi-Deme S, Diallo MO, Bile C, Kalou M, Maurice C, Laga M, Wiktor SZ, Greenberg AE; J.N. Nkengasong, Projet Retro - CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 11, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: jcn5@cdc.gov
Objective: To assess the impact of STDs on HIV-1 RNA viral load and markers of immune activation among FSW in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire. Methods: We analyzed blood and cervicovaginal samples obtained from consenting HIV-seropositive FSWs attending a confidential clinic between September 1996 and June 1997. Syphilis was di
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrB614)
Deveau C, Goujard C, Ngo N, Harzic M, Pellegrin I, Garrigue I, Tamalet C, Rouzioux C, Laskri D, Delfraissy J-F, Meyer L; C. Deveau, INSERM U292, Hopital de Bicotre, 82 rue du General Leclerc, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicotre, Cedex, France, Tel.: +33 1 01 49 59 19 75, Fax: +33 1 01 45 21 20 75, E-mail: meyer@vjf.inserm.fr
Background: The objectives of the PRIMO cohort are to describe viro-immunological response during PI as well as changes with HAART. Methods: Since 1996, the French PRIMO multicenter cohort has enrolled 156 pts diagnosed during PI. The date of infection was documented by an incomplete western-blot (82% of cases), a posi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC492)
Richardson B, John G, Hughes J, Nduati R, Mbori Ngacha D, Kreiss J; B. Richardson, University of Washington, University of Washington, PO Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98199, United States, Tel.: +1 206 731 2425, Fax: +1 206 731 2427, E-mail: barbrar@u.washington.edu
Introduction: The probability of male to female HIV-1 infection per sex act is estimated to be between .0005 to .001. We evaluated the probability of breastmilk transmission of HIV-1 per day of breastfeeding and per liter of breastmilk ingested. Methods: In a study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Nairobi, m
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC493)
Krou-Danho N, Sibailly TS, Bertolli J, Boni-Ouattara E, Ekpini ER, Nkengasong J, Maurice C, Monga B, Roels TH, Greenberg AE, Wiktor SZ; N. Krou-Danho, Projekt RETRO-CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote D'ivoire, Tel.: +225 212 541 11, Fax: +225 212 429 69, E-mail: ned0@cdc.gov
Objectives: To describe changes in HIV-1 viral load in breast milk (BMVL) and plasma (PVL) during the first 6 weeks postpartum in women receiving short-course zidovudine (ZDV). Methods: From December 1998 to December 1999, all consenting HIV-1 seropositive women attending a public prenatal clinic were enrolled at 36 w
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC494)
Mbori-Ngacha D, Nduati R, John G, Reilly M, Mwatha A, Overbaugh J, Welch M, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Kreiss J; D. Mbori-Ngacha, University of Nairobi, Box 19676, Department of Medical Microbiology Annexe, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel.: +254 2 722 710, Fax: +254 2 722 762, E-mail: imani@iconnect.co.ke
Background: Breastfeeding contributes to 40-50% of perinatal HIV-1 transmission in breastfeeding populations. Use of replacement feeds is an important prevention strategy for transmission, but risks associated with artificial feeds have not been quantified in the context of HIV-1 infection. Methods: HIV-1 infected wome
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC495)
Nduati R, Richardson B, John G, Mbori-Ngacha D, Overbaugh J, Mwatha T, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Kreiss J; R. Nduati, University of Nairobi, Box 19676, Department of Medical Microbiology Annexe, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya, Tel.: 254-2-722710, Fax: 254-2-722762, E-mail: rnduati@iconnect.co.ke
Background: We analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial of breastfeeding and formula feeding to determine the impact of breast feeding on maternal mortality among HIVu1 infected women. Methods: Pregnant women attending 4 Nairobi city council clinics were offered HIV testing. At §im32 weeks of gestation, HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC496)
Gray R, Brahmbhatt H; R. Gray, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 4028 Hygiene, 615 N.Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Tel.: +1 410 955 7818, Fax: +1 410 955 0792, E-mail: hbrahmbh@jhsph.edu
Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV via breastmilk presents a policy dilemma. Prior studies of the risks of mortality associated with non-breastfeeding fail to differentiate between voluntary weaning and involuntary non-initiation or involuntary weaning, due to pre-existing maternal/infant morbidity (i.e.
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC497)
Bland RM, Rollins NC, Solarsh G, Tomkins A; R.M. Bland, Africa Centre, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa, Tel.: +27 35 550 0158, Fax: +27 35 550 1674, E-mail: blandr@mrc.ac.za
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recognised as a child survival strategy. Recent evidence also suggests that EBF may carry no added risk of mother to child transmission of HIV1 compared to non-human milk(1). In preparation for a definitive study to test this hypothesis, a prospective study of infant feeding practices
Back ground: Ukraine occupies the first place on prevalence HIV- infection among the countries Eastern Europe. Prevalence of HIV- infection among IDUs makes about 10% (on the official data). For finding - out of true prevalence HIV in this group the sentinel surveillance in two cities of Ukraine is carried out within
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC499)
Mesquita F, Bueno R, Kral A, Reingold A, Araujo P, Piconez D; F.Mesquita, FSP/USP & IEPAS, Av Campos Sales 59, Santos - SP, 11013.401, Brazil, Tel.: +55 13 2354 842, Fax: +55 13 2342 576, E-mail: iepasede@atribuna.com.br
Background: Santos Metropolitan Region (SMR), State of Sao Paulo, historically is well known as having one of the areas with the largest number of AIDS cases in Brazil , especially among IDUs. The main objective of this study is to analyze the implications of the IDU behavior on the trends of the AIDS epidemic in the r
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC500)
Wei L, Chen J, Li R, Liang S, Zhu Q, Li Z, Razak MH, Beyrer C; L. Wei, HIV/AIDS Surveillance & Testing Center, Guangxi Health & Anti-epidemic Center, 80 Taoyuan Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China, Tel.: +86 771 532 7110, Fax: +86 771 531 6432, E-mail: gastcWpublic.nn.gx.cn
Issues: Pingxiang City, on the China- Vietnam border, has had a recent explosive outbreak of HIV infection among drug users (IDU) associated with an important cross-border heroin trafficking route. Community-based prevention programs for IDU are new to China, and are urgently needed to prevent further spread. Project:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC501)
Kral A, Bluthenthal R, Lorvick J, Gee L, Bacchetti P, Edlin B; A. Kral, U.C.S.F., 3180 18th Street Suite 302, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, Tel.: +1 415 502 7221, Fax: +1 415 476 3406, E-mail: alkral@itsa.ucsf.edu
Background: Cohort studies of injection drug users (IDUs) in the U.S. have found that among IDUs, HIV seroconversion is predominantly associated with injection-related risk behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine whether injection or sex-related risk factors were associated with HIV antibody seroconvers
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC502)
Ompad D, Fuller C, Latkin C, Vlahov D, Strathdee S; D. Ompad, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 1235 East Monument Street, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States, Tel.: +1 410 614 4535, Fax: +1 410 614 7193, E-mail: dompad@jhsph.edu
Objective: Previous studies have reported that bisexual women have higher rates of sexual and drug use behaviors compared to heterosexual women. We the prevalence of HIV risk factors among young female bisexual injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods: Adolescent and young adult (age 15-30) female IDU who
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC503)
Hankins C, Alary M, Parent R, Noel L, Claessens C; C. Hankins, Direction de la Sante Publique de Montreal-Centre, 1301 Sherbrooke St. East, Montreal, (Quebec), H2L 1M3, Canada, Tel.: +1 514 528 240, Fax: +1 514 528 2452
Background: To determine HIV incidence and associated risk factors among injection drug users (IDU) in the province of Quebec and the city of Ottawa, Ontario. Methods: IDU who had injected drugs during the previous 6 months gave informed consent to provide a saliva sample, answer a questionnaire and be assigned a uniqu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC548)
Veloso V, Sudo EC, Vasconcelos A, Sakita K, Cunha CS, Chequer P;;; V.Veloso, Brazilian STD/AIDS Program - MOHA, Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bl. G - Sobreloja, 70.058-900 - Brasilia - DF, Brazil, Tel.: +55 61 315 2140, Fax: +55 61 315 2519, E-mail: aids@aids.gov.br
Issue: A marked decrease in pediatric AIDS cases occurred in many developed countries after the implementation of protocol 076. The Brazilian MoH adopted a policy in 1995 for HIV vertical transmission (VT) prevention that includes: (1)counseling and testing for all pregnant women; (2) the full 076 regimen and (3) subst
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC549)
Sibailly TS, Ekpini ER, Kamelan-Tanoh A, Yavo D, Maurice C, Nkengasong J, Roels TH, Wiktor SZ, Chorba TL; T.S. Sibailly, Projet Retro-CI, CDC/HIV c/o US Embassy, 5, rue Jesse Owens 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote D'Ivoire, Tel.: +225 2125 4111, Fax: +225 2124 2969, E-mail: tbs2@cdc.gov
Background: Short course oral zidovudine (ZDV) administered in late pregnancy prevents mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, due to poor acceptance of HIV testing including post-test counseling (PTC), most HIV-infected women do not benefit from this intervention in Abidjan. Objective: To assess the impact of H
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC550)
Mazhani L, Phiri L, Keapoletswe K, Bowelo M, Mugabe M, Mouzin E; L. Mazhani, Ministry of Health, Nyangabgwe Hospital, Private Bag 127, Francistown, Botswana, Tel.: +267 211 000, Fax: +267 216 706, E-mail: Lmazhani@info.bw
Background: In Botswana , HIV prevalence is estimated to be 35% among pregnant women. Without interventions, mother-to-child transmission of HIV is about 40% resulting in about 8,000 HIV-infected babies each year. In April 1999, the government of Botswana, with UNICEF support, launched a program to pilot an interventio
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC551)
Karita E, Uwamaliya H, Carmelinda S, Munyangabe C, Mpfizi B, Tekirya E, Rusanganwa E, Shengero S, Van Hove D; E. Karita, Natinal HIV-Reference Laboratory, POBox 4668 Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel.: +250 784 74, Fax: +250 740 38, E-mail: labhiv@rwandatel1.rwanda1.com
Background: In Rwanda about 40.000 infants per year are born to HIV-infected mothers of whom 10.000 may be infected perinataly. This pilot intervention studies the acceptability and feasibility of the routine utilisation of a maternal oral short regimen of ZDV to reduce MTCT in Kicukiru health centre in Rwanda. Methods
The successful use of a short course of zidovudine in lowering vertical transmission of HIV has been reported in several countries. The impact of this regimen on child survival in Kenya has not been established. In an effort to determine its usefulness, we recruited and followed up a cohort of HIV pos
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC553)
Kanshana S, Thewanda D, Teeraratkul A, Limpakarnjanarat K, Amornwichet P, Kullerk N, Mastro TD, Simonds RJ; S. Kanshana, Bureau of Health Promotion, The HIV/AIDS Collaboration, DMS 6 Bldg Ministry of Public Health, Tivanon Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 591 8358, Fax: +66 2 591 5443, E-mail: rxs5@cdc.gov
Background: The Thai Ministry of Public Health began a pilot program in July 1998 in 7 northeastern provinces (Region 7). The program provides counseling and HIV testing for all pregnant women, and antenatal zidovudine (ZDV) and infant formula for all HIV-infected pregnant women and their children in 89 public hospit
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC554)
Musey LK, Ha R, Galloway C, Tabet S, Ding Y, Belshe R, Celum C, McElrath MJ; L. K. Musey, University of Washington /FHCRC, Program in Infectious Diseases, 1100 Fairview Avenue North D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109, United States, Tel.: +1 206 667 67 39, Fax: +1 206 667 44 11, E-mail: luwy@u.washington.edu
Background: HIV-specific T cells have been shown to play a critical role in control of viral replication. These effector cells may be important to elicit with immunization, both systemically and locally at sites where transmission most often occurs.Thus far, mucosal T cell responses have not been examined in HIV-uninfe
Background: Since 1988, injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok have experienced a severe epidemic of HIV infection. A 1995-98 study conducted in this group showed an annual incidence rate of at least 6%, willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials, and high rates of follow-up. The bivalent B(MN)/E(A244) rgp120 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC556)
Harro C, Judson F, Brown SJ, Marmor M, Li E, Alonzo G, Gulati V, Berman PW, Francis D; C. Harro, Johns Hopkins University, Center for Immunization Research, Hampton House, Room 117, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, United States, Tel.: +1 410 614 49 37, Fax: +1 410 955 27 91, E-mail: charro@jhsph.edu
Introduction: Since the early 1980s, the HIV epidemic has severely impacted men who have sex with men (MSM). Vaccine preparedness studies in MSM demonstrated seroincidence (> = 1.5%/year), willingness to participate, and follow-up rates that are supportive of efficacy trials. Methods: This is a randomized, double blind
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC557)
Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Mugerwa R, Mugyenyi P, Mbidde E, Andersson K, Flores J, Ellner J, Hom DL; J. Serwanga, Uganda virus research institute, P.O. BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Tel.: +256 41 320 385, Fax: +256 41 321 137, E-mail: arbovir@infocom.co.ug
Background: Uganda initiated a phase I placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized HIV-1 preventive vaccine trial in early 1999. Forty healthy low risk volunteers were randomized to receive recombinant ALVAC vCP205 HIV vaccine (n = 20), or 1 of 2 placebos. We present issues related to pre- and post-vaccination screeni
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC558)
Lambert J, Johnson D, McFarland E, McNamara J, Muresan P, Curd J, El Habib R, Caudrelier P, Fenton T; J. Lambert, University of Maryland, Institute of Human Virology, W Lombard St 5th Fl RM 548, Baltimore MD 21201, United States, Tel.: +1 410 706 4604, Fax: +1 410 706 4619, E-mail: lambert@umbi.umd.edu
Background: ALVAC-HIV vCP205 (Aventis Pasteur) is a recombinant Canarypox virus HIV-1 vaccine. We report preliminary safety and immunogenicity data from an ongoing infant trial, including lymphoproliferative (LP) and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) results. Humoral assays on serum and mucosal specimens are currently being assay
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC559)
Evans T, McElrath MJ, Gorse G, Mulligan M, Graham B, Schwartz D, Montefiori D, Francis D, Flores J; T. Evans, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 689, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States, Tel.: +716-275-5871, Fax: +716-442-9328, E-mail: thomas_evans@urmc.rochester.edu
Background: The saponin adjuvant QS21 has a dose-sparing effect in HIV-1 envelope immunization in HIV-uninfected human volunteers. However, the lowest immunogenic dose of gp120 used in combination with QS21 was not determined, and local reactogenicity was remarkable. Methods: A study was undertaken in 60 HIV-1 seronega
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC615)
Rely K, Bertozzi S; K. Rely, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508, Mexico, Tel.: +52 7 311 37 83, Fax: +52 7 311 11 56, E-mail: rkely@insp.mx
Objective: To estimate CE of interventions to reduce MTCT in Mexico using an adaptation of a model developed by J Stover. Material and Method: We examine five different scenarios, each with different combination of interventions to reduce MTCT and each estimated using both
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC616)
Butler M, Perez E, Bollinger L, Colvin C; M. Butler, Procets, Calle Mahatma Gandhi No. 351, Apartado 2882, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana, Dominican Republic, Tel.: +809 688 58 10, Fax: +809 686 76 97, E-mail: fund.genesis@codetel.net.do
More than 90 percent of pediatric AIDS cases are caused by the vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child. Various treatment options are available to reduce the rate of vertical transmission, including administering either zidovudine or nevi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC617)
Ziegler JB, Fisher RJ, Law M; J.B. Ziegler, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia, Tel.: +61 029 382 1515, Fax: +61 293 821 580, E-mail: j.ziegler@unsw.edu.au
Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MCT) of HIV can be almost completely if mothers HIV positivity is known pre partum. In Australia antenatal (AN) HIV screening is recommended only for women reporting risk factors for HIV. Nevertheless half the Australian women known to have had a perinatally exposed child were
Background: Breast feeding is one of the two common ways in which children are infected with HIV from their mothers. This has prompted recommendations in most developed countries that HIV infected mothers do not breast feed their babies. Recent evidence from Durban, South Africa , suggests, however, that in these se
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC619)
Thaineua V, Sirinirund P, Kanshana S, Voramongkol N, Tanbanjong A, Natpratan C, Chinda-abhirakkul P, Vinard P; V. Thaineua, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Health, Tiwawond Road, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand, Tel.: +66 02 590 4000, Fax: +66 02 591 8181, E-mail: ntphpt@loxinfo.co.th
Background: In 1987, the Royal Thai Government initiated a multi-sectoral AIDS program focusing on prevention; human rights; research; treatment and care. In 1993, while continuing to promote the Baby Friendly Initiative, formula feeding was recommended to HIV+ women. After ACTG 076 results, the Ministry of Public Hea
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrC620)
Stringer J, Stinnett A, Rouse D, Sinkala M, Goldenberg R, Vermund S;;; J. Stringer, Dept Ob-Gyn, Univ Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, MJH-120, Birmingham, AL 35233-2010, United States, Tel.: +1 205 934 7992, Fax: +1 205 934 7999, E-mail: stringer@uab.edu
Background: In the HIVNET 012 trial, women were issued a nevirapine (NVP) tablet at 36 weeks gestation and told to ingest it at the onset of labor; their infants were treated with a single dose postpartum. Vertical HIV transmission was reduced by 47%. Women who lack prenatal care, or deliver preterm - as many as 25%
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD461)
Floyd K, Reid A, Wilkinson D, Gilks C; K. Floyd, World Health Organisation, EBV unit, Dpt. for Control, Prevention and Eradication, Communicable Diseases Cluster, Geneva 1211, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 22 791 4277, Fax: +41 22 791 4199, E-mail: floydk@who.ch
Background: South Africa is experiencing one of the world s most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics. There is limited evidence concerning the economic consequences this will have for health services, especially in rural areas. Methods: The economic impact of HIV/AIDS on health services was studied in Hlabisa District, KwaZulu-
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD462)
Nghatanga M, Xoagub A; M. Nghatanga, Ministry of Health & Social Services, Private Bag 13198, Windhoek, Namibia, Tel.: +264 61 203 9111, Fax: +264 61 224 155, E-mail: nacp@iafrica.com.na
Issues: Namibia is experiencing a fast growing recent HIV epidemic and has reached a high level of HIV prevalence. The major impact of HIV disease will occur during the coming years when those who are infected will develop HIV disease. This period coincides with the second National Development Plan (NDP). Description:
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD463)
Krasovec K, Barnett C, Grundmann C, Nandakumar AK, Steinberg M, Connor C, Kinghorn A, Putney P, Telyukov A; K. Krasovec, Abt Associates Inc., 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States, Tel.: +1 301 718 31 37, Fax: +1 301 658 36 18, E-mail: kathy_krasovec@abtassoc.com
Background: Because sector-wide health reforms often affect how HIV/AIDS delivery services are organized and funded, it is critical to understand how reforms in the country will affect, both negatively and positively, strategies to combat the epidemic. The PHR project has engaged in a global analysis of this impact to
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD464)
Brown L, Schultz JR, Forsberg AD, King G, Kocik SM, Butler RB; L. Brown, Rhode Island Hospital, Child and Family Psychiatry, 593 Eddy Street, Rhode Island, United States, Tel.: +1 401 444 8539, Fax: +1 401 444 8742, E-mail: larrybrown@brown.edu
Background: Health care professionals working with those infected with HIV may be at risk for burnout and departure from their jobs due to stigmatization and the impact of patients deaths. Factors that prevent burnout are not often studied. Methods: Two hundred thirteen staff (doctors, nurses and mental health workers)
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD465)
Simmons D; D. Simmons, 4580 Sandown Court, Okemos, Michigan 48864, United States, Tel.: +1 517 347 8131, E-mail: simmon31@pilot.msu.edu
As the Zimbabwean government struggles to combat HIV/AIDS with limited human and material resources, traditional healers have been recognized as potentially valuable collaborators in expanding health services. Since 1988, the National AIDS Co-ordination Programme of the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare of Zimbabwe
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD504)
Herrera CM, Campero L; C. M. Herrera, National Institut of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico, Tel.: +(5273) 11 01 11 ext. 2559, Fax: +(5273) 11 11 56, E-mail: cherrera@insp3.insp.mx
Issue: Women in L.A have multiple vulnerabilities: biological, epidemiological, social, economical, cultural, as well as those related to programs and policies. Often, these are a consequence of gender inequity. At the same time, they have different personal vulnerable situations linked to such things as: age, type of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD505)
Krishnan S; S. Krishnan, Swasthya Community Health Partnership, 5830 Ayala Avenue, Apt A, Oakland CA 94609, United States, Tel.: +(001) 510 420 0666, E-mail: suneeta@uclink4.berkeley.edu
Issues: Recent research has suggested that the HIV epidemic in India is no longer geographically limited to metropolitan cities, or confined to specific sub-populations such as commercial sex workers, truck drivers, and injection drug users. In fact, risk of HIV infection may be rapidly diffusing into the general po
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD506)
MacPhail C, Campbell C, Williams B, van Dam J; C. MacPhail, Miningtek, CSIR, PO Box 91230, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa, Tel.: +27 11 358 0207, Fax: +27 11 482 3267, E-mail: cmacphai@csir.co.za
Background: The data were collected as part of a study of gender and the relative risk of HIV infection in a South African township which is being used to inform an intervention to reduce transmission of HIV. If interventions such as these are to succeed in managing the spread of infection, it is important that we unde
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD507)
Goyal RS, Bawsar R; R.S. Goyal, Indian Institute of Health Management, Jaipur 302011, India
Issues: Dialogue between people has been hailed as an effective strategy to promote appreciation for sexual health and preventive measures against HIV/AIDS It is particularly effective in the community settings, where social pressures for good normative behaviour are strong This paper presents the outcome of an operati
Issue: There is general awareness of the links between vulnerability to HIV, gender inequality, limitation of human rights, and the abuse of children. This awareness is particularly high among AIDS Service Organisations, although it is often only conceptual and not reflected in the organisation s activities. On the oth
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD509)
Boon C, Misihairabwi P, Maposhere C, Chikore J; C. Boon, Southern African AIDS Training Programme (SAT), PO Box 390 Kopje, Harare, or, PO Box BW1546 Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe, Tel.: +263 4 781 123, Fax: +263 4 752 609, E-mail: pcnn@harare.iafrica.com
Issue: A survey of AIDS Service Organisations in Zimbabwe revealed that issues of gender and AIDS were high on their agenda, but that they had few resources on the subject and wanted assistance in identifying and addressing gender concerns in their programmes. Description: The Southern African AIDS Training Programme a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD510)
Vargo S; S. Vargo, Education Development Center, 55 Chapel Street, Newton, MA 02458, United States, Tel.: +1 617 618 23 97, Fax: +1 617 969 39 95, E-mail: svargo@edc.org
Issues: HIV prevention research has identified effective models for intervention with at risk populations, yet prevention researchers often lack access to communities most at risk. Alternatively, community based organizations often have engaged at risk populations in services, but lack proven prevention methods. Techno
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD511)
Naidoo P, Karpakis B, Schoeman H, Hausler HP; P. Naidoo, Medical Research Council, 20 Merrick St, Observatory 7925, Cape, South Africa, Tel.: +021-448 6704, Fax: +021-448 6704, E-mail: pnaidoo@icon.co.za
Issues: TB/HIV pilot districts have been established in 4 provinces in South Africa to implement and evaluate a comprehensive package of HIV/AIDS/STD/TB prevention, care and support. An important component of the package is the involvement of community volunteers in active TB case finding, directly observed TB treatmen
Issues: The commitment to community-based HIV social research is much stronger in principle than in practice. HIV social research is dominated by quantitative behavioural monitoring studies and experimental intervention trials. Rarely do the research needs of the HIV community sector gain the resources needed or attrac
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD513)
McClure C, Bresalier M, Gillis L, McCoy L, Mykhalovskiy E, Taylor D, Webber M; C. McClure, 249 Shaw Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6J 2W7, Canada, Tel.: +1 416 533 3058, Fax: +1 416 537 9469, E-mail: mcgrubb@interlog.com
Issue: Community-based research (CBR) is a growing trend in AIDS research, encouraged by funding bodies and demanded by community-based organizations wanting to play a greater role in identifying research questions and producing knowledge that will inform policy and practice. However, the interest in CBR presently outs
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD514)
Albert D, Yuzicapi Fayant A, Anderson F, Cardinal F, Day L, Greer D, Linklater DJ, Masching R, Nowgesic E; D. Albert, Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, 396 Cooper Street, Suite # 409, Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2H7, Canada, Tel.: +1 613 567 1817, Fax: +1 613 567 4652, E-mail: caan@storm.ca
Issues: Information from Health Canada s (Government of Canada) epidemiological reports is difficult to interpret and disseminate to Aboriginal communities in Canada. This is due to the technical language of epidemiology and its scientific complexity. Representatives from Aboriginal communities have participated in dis
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD515)
Schaay N, Osborne K, Abrahams S, Rasego S; N. Schaay, c/o The POLICY Project, PO Box 3580, Cape Town 8000, South Africa, Tel.: +27 021 788 7795, Fax: +27 021 788 7795, E-mail: nrschaay@iafrica.com
Issues: As greater emphasis within South Africa is being placed on a multi-sectoral approach to the management of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In order to support the development of this partnership an innovative capacity building programme was required that would begin to explore with key roleplayers how HIV/AIDS impacted
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD516)
Srithanaviboonchai K, Visrutaratna S, Van Griensvan F, Choi K-H, Mandel JS; K. Srithanaviboonchai, Sansai Hospital A. Sansai, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand, Tel.: +66 53 49 89 98, Fax: +66 53 49 89 98, E-mail: kriengkrai@cmnet.co.th
Background: Northern Thailand is located in the Golden Triangle and has one of the highest rates of HIV-1 infection in Southeast Asia. It also has a large number of legal and illegal migrants from Burma , China , and Laos who are b
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD517)
Phimphachanh C, Philavong B, Sayabounthong K, Vangvan B, Soutthamiraxay S, Sisourath K, Keomoukda P, Bennett T; C. Phimphachanh, National Committee for the Control of AIDS (NCCA), Km 3, Thaduea Road, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republ, Tel.: +856 21 315 500, Fax: +856 21 315 500, E-mail: plange@loxinfo.co.th
Issues: The Lao PDR has reported generally low rates of HIV infection (> 1.0 %) through 1998, though sub-population vulnerability to HIV and STD may be significant, and HIV rates have begun to rise in these vulnerable groups, including Lao seasonal migrants to Thailand . Surveillance data from 1999 suggest HIV rates m
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD518)
Hughes G, Hoyo C, Stein Z, Abdool-Karim S; G. Hughes, Jackson Heart Study-CC/Jackson State University, Jackson Medical Mall, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson, Suite 701, Jackson, Mississippi 39213, United States, Tel.: +1 601 8151087/+1 601 9821133, Fax: +1 601 815 1101/+1 601 9820006, E-mail: ghughjsu@netdoor.com or wsir@dixie-net.com
Background: This study examined the effect of oscillating male migration on rural Zulu women s health.The study investigated the length of male migration and it s association with three sexually transmitted disease outcomes(STD)for women:reported history of an STD;women s concern for getting an STD; and ability to comm
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD519)
Lurie M, Williams B, Sturm AW, Garnett G, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Abdool Karim SS; M. Lurie, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: +27 35 550 0158, Fax: +27 35 550 1674, E-mail: luriem@mrc.ac.za
Background: This ongoing cohort study measured HIV discordance in migrant men and in their rural partners and non-migrant men and their partners in order to better understand the risk factors and transmission dynamics of the epidemic in South Africa . Methods: Migrant men from two rural South African Districts in KwaZu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD520)
Wolffers I, Fernandez I, Verghis S, Ybanez R, Nguyen Nguyen Nhu T, Mony T, Gomes V; I. Wolffers, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 108 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands, Tel.: +31 20 444 82 66, Fax: +31 20 444 83 94, E-mail: 100256.1305@compuserve.com
Background:To understand factors that influence behaviour of migrant workers in Southeast Asia that have an impact on their vulnerability for HIV/AIDS. To support their families migrant workers in Asian countries leave their communities and social networks to work in countries where they do not understand the language,
Issues: Overseas migrant workers the earliest persistently detected group of HIV cases in Bangladesh did not receive sufficient attention from policy and intervention level. No such policy is there for pre and post counseling for mandatory HIV testing of the migrants and also there is no follow up mechanism for the dep
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD560)
Watts C, Garcia-Moreno C; C. Watts, Health Policy Unit, London Sch of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 171 927 2176, Fax: +44 171 637 5391, E-mail: charlotte.watts@lshtm.ac.uk
Issues: As we search to understand better the factors fuelling the HIV epidemic, and find out more about people s relationships and sexual experiences, violence and the fear of violence is emerging as an important issue for women. Description: The paper discusses the links between violence against women and HIV/AIDS, f
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD561)
Abrahams N, Rachel J, Laubsher R; N. Abrahams, Women's Health (CERSA), P O Box 19070 Tygerberg 7505, South Africa, South Africa, Tel.: 021 938 0445, Fax: 021 938 0310, E-mail: nabraham@mrc.ac.za
Sexual coercion in intimate relations and risks for HIV/AIDS infection are both problems promoted by gender inequality. This paper presents the findings of a study conducted amongst men. The aim of the study was to describe the patterns of male violence in intimate relations and to investigate protective and risk facto
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD562)
France N, Djeddah C, Suwanjandee J; N. France, World Health Organization, Prevention of Violence and Injury, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 22 791 3421, Fax: +41 22 791 4332, E-mail: francen@who.ch
Issues: Violence against women is a significant public health and social problem which has a substantial impact on the lives of women and children. In this context, gender-based violence can be seen as both a cause and a consequence of HIV for the most vulnerable groups. Gender-based violence poses a barrier to HIV pre
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD563)
Wood K; K. Wood, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Med., Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Tel.: +27 82 898 48 65, Fax: +27 47 531 35 90, E-mail: woodkm@yahoo.com
Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated coercive sex to be commonplace in the sexual partnerships of young South Africans. Notions of successful masculinity prevailing in township peer cultures are partially constituted in terms of ability to enforce sexual cooperation and dictate the timing and terms of sexu
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD564)
Vedanthan R, Solomon S, Ganesh AK, Lindan C, Reingold A; R. Vedanthan, 333 Franconia Street, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States, Tel.: +1 415 282 6948, Fax: +1 510 643 8771, E-mail: rajeshv@socrates.berkeley.edu
Background: In India , mounting evidence suggests that traditional low-risk groups such as housewives are becoming increasingly at risk for contracting HIV infection. This paper seeks to evaluate the association between intramarital factors-such as power relations, domestic violence, control over sex, and sexual commu
Background: The risk of acquisition of AIDS through sexual violence is high in the Ivory Coast . Among 1340 females involved in our study, 16.5% said they had been raped; in which 10% occurred during childhood and 6.5% occurred during adolescence and adult life. Methods: Information exchange has been used to sensitize
Background: Adult mortality is increasing rapidly in populations affected by the AIDS epidemic, but limited data exist on the medical care utilization during terminal illness and household impact. Methods: A demographic surveillance system with ten rounds during 1994-98 provided data on mortality and households. Verbal
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD567)
Chancharoen K, Kunanusont C, Yin D; K. Chancharoen, Division of AIDS, Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Monthaburi 11000, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 590 32 01, Fax: +66 2 591 84 13, 2 590 32 06, E-mail: chaiyos@health.moph.go.th
Background: A 1992 study in Thailand estimated that the average number of hospital days was 36 per AIDS patient per year and total direct medical care costs would be 125% of Thai HIV/AIDS control budget if inpatient and outpatient care (excluding antiretroviral therapy) was provided to all HIV and AIDS patients. Curren
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD568)
Lubin B, Roberts R, Stieglitz K, Moore B, Williamson M, Sherer R, Cohen M; B. Lubin, The Hektoen Institute, 627 South Wood Street, Suite 211, Chicago, IL 60612, United States, Tel.: +(312)572-3796, Fax: +(312) 738-3192, E-mail: blubin@hektoen.org
Background: The Cook County Bureau of Health Services has had a comprehensive family centered Women and Children s HIV Program (WCHP) since 1988. Methods: We assessed the cost of out patient care by calculating grant funded staff, hospital supported staff, as well as laboratory and pharmacy costs from annual hospital b
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD569)
Wu Z, Yang H, Li J, Cao Y, Guo Y, Hou D, Ying D, Wang K-A, Jin S;;; Z. Wu, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China, Tel.: +86 10 6315 2573, Fax: +86 10 6315 2573, E-mail: wuzy@public.bta.net.cn
Background: Understanding resource utilization patterns and cost of care for patients with HIV/AIDS is important for evaluating costs and benefits of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs. This study estimates the direct medical cost of care among HIV/AIDS patients in China . Methods: Medical costs of 97 HIV-infe
Introduction. Follow-up and prognosis of HIV patients have experienced notable changes since the introduction of HAART. HIV infection has been transformed into a disease of outpatient care and the economic cost of this disease rests mainly upon follow-up and antiretroviral drugs. Purposes: To study the expenditure caus
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD571)
Nandakumar AK, Schneider P; A.K. Nandakumar, Abt Associates Inc., 55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States, Tel.: (+1617) 520-3537, Fax: (+1617) 492-5219, E-mail: a.k._nandakumar@abtassoc.com
Nearly eleven percent of the Rwandan population is estimated to have HIV/AIDS making this one of the most important health issues facing the country. One of the key research questions has been the use of and out-of-pocket expenditures on health services by this population. This study uses a sample of nearly four hundre
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD572)
Trofimov V, Lukitcheva T, Gorodezkaya I, Sokolov A; V. Trofimov, Pskovian areal AIDS center, PO Box 111, 180024, Pskov, Russian Federation, Tel.: +7 811 222 16 85, Fax: +7 811 216 51 32, E-mail: caids@ellink.ru
205 000 people live in Pskov and near 100 000 people live on the near situated districts territories. The Express Assessment Situation was made in 1998. These methods help us exactly determined the number of injecting drug users (IDU s) (350-400). From 1998 the HIV prophylaxis program among drug users (DU s) works in P
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD573)
Sweat M, Samson L, Sarin E, Dorabjee J, Brahmbhatt H, Strathdee S, Samson L, Sarin E, Dorabjee J, Brahmbhatt H, Strathdee S; M. Sweat, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street Room 7140, Baltimore, MD, United States, Tel.: +1 410 614 4536, Fax: +1 703 995 0615, E-mail: msweat@jhsph.edu
Background: Anecdotal reports indicate that buprenorphine injection among slum dwelling males is at an epidemic level. There is little data available on the characteristics of IDUs in India . Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 224 male IDU in a slum area of New Delhi. Information on demographics, drug and s
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD574)
Robles RR, Reyes JC, Colon HM, Matos TD, Marrero CA; R.R. Robles, Uviversidad Central del Caribe, Center for Addiction Studies, PO Box 60327, Bayamon, Puerto Rico 00960-6032, United States, Tel.: +1 787 785 4211, Fax: +1 787 785 4222, E-mail: prattc@coqui.net
Background: The need to reduce cost and improve the quality of medical and preventive care is well recognized in developed and less developed countries such as Puerto Rico . However, providing quality HIV and other blood borne disease prevention among special populations, such as drug users, is often difficult because
Objective: To identify correlates of safe and unsafe syringe sources among adolescent and young adult injection drug users (IDU) who recently initiated an injecting career. Methods: IDUs aged 15-30 who had initiated injection >5 years prior were studied. Subjects underwent semi-annual risk surveys and testing for HIV a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD576)
Caiaffa W, Proeitti F, Marques L, Doneda D, Lopes A, Guimaries M, Carneiro-Proietti AB; W. Caiaffa, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, School of Medicine, UFMG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30-130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Tel.: +55 31 224 09 11, Fax: +55 31 224 09 11, E-mail: wcaiaffa@medicina.ufmg.br
Background: Access to sterile syringes is an important component of HIV prevention program for IDUs. Data comparing SEP participants to non-participants from outreached IDUs in Brazil are sparse. Methods: The AjUDE-Brasil Project was designed as a cross-sectional multicenter study aiming to access information on IDUs o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD577)
Vongchak T, Wiboonnatakul K, Kitisri C, Srirak N, Srithammachart L, Razak MH, Suriyanon V, Celentano DD, Jittiwutikarn J; T. Vongchak, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai university, P.O. Box 80, CMU, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand, Tel.: +66-53-942-518, Fax: +66-53-892-298, E-mail: our@loxinfo.co.th
Issue: Prospective cohort studies are needed to differentiate the possible routes (sexual or injection) and attributable risks of HIV infection among drug users as well as to monitor the incidence and changes of risks. Drug users have been considered to be hard to reach and to follow for long-term cohort studies. In a
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD589)
Morisky D, Tiglao TV, Baltazar J, Detels R, Sneed C; D. Morisky, UCLA School of Public Health, Department of Comm. Health Science, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Room 26-070, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Tel.: +1 310 825 85 08, Fax: +1 310 206 29 89, E-mail: dmorisky@ucla.edu
Background: STD/HIV prevention programs have traditionally targeted the behaviors of high- risk populations, such as MSM, CSW and IDU. The purpose of this research investigation is to assess the relative effects of a peer counseling approach on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of client-centered populations cons
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD590)
Chuki Issa I; I. Chuki Issa, Tayoa (YOUTH NGO ), PO Box 8289, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of, Tel.: +255 08 1160 6982, Fax: +255 51 112 434, E-mail: isihaka@hotmail.com
Issue: Lack of coordination in HIV/AIDS control in the east and southern African region and lack of youth participation in policy formulation on HIV/AIDS. Description: Realistic of the AIDS scrourge cutting across all the teritorial boundaries in this region with high infection rates. The East and Southern Africa Youth
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD591)
Mohd Khalib A; A. Mohd Khalib, University of Malaya, 4, Jln 1/9C, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, West Malaysia, Malaysia, Tel.: +60 3 825 06 89, Fax: +60 3 443 94 55, E-mail: azferul@hotmail.com
Issue: The Internet has emerged as a new medium of communication through which whole communitites are increasingly depended on for information and interaction. This global medium has yet to be fully exploited and utilized in creating and disseminating HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention information effectively among the
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD592)
Sanders-Phillips K, Cotton L, Waters M, Holeman E; K. Sanders-Phillips, The California Endowment, 21650 Oxnard Street, Suite 1200, Woodland Hills, California 91367, United States Minor Outlaying, Tel.: +818/703-3311 Ext. 244, Fax: +818/703-4193, E-mail: kphillips@calendow.org
Background: As the number of African American women exposed to AIDS in the United States increases, effort has focussed on identifying factors related to AIDS risk behaviors. This study examined relationships between preceived stress, experiences of racism, exposure to family and community violence, and AIDS prevention
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD621)
Jowitt A; A. Jowitt, University of the South Pacific, PMB 072, Port Vila, Vanuatu, Vanuatu, Tel.: 678 22 748, Fax: 678 27785, E-mail: jowitt_a@vanuatu.usp.ac.fj
Issues: Throughout the countries of the South Pacific region custom is a major, and politically sensitive, barrier to the implementation of HIV prevention programmes. Christianity is a second major barrier to the promotion of HIV awareness. The two forces often interact to form a seemingly impenetrable obstruction to t
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD622)
Moses S, Abraham T, Devadass J; S. Moses, No.8, I-Floor, Thiruvallurvar Nagar, Anna Nagar East, Chennai - 600 102., India, Tel.: +91 446 461 641, Fax: +91 446 445 604, E-mail: varal@vsnl.com
Issue: Western Bio-Medical categories of homosexual and heterosexual do not adequately explain the Indian context. In fact, there is a third gender involving genetic males called Ali in South India dressing as women and being non-male and non-female. A majority of these Ali are castrated and work as sex workers perform
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD623)
Verdejo-Carriin AL, Camargo ML, Cunningham I, Rodriguez LA, Baca AL; A.L. Verdejo-Carriin, 773 Ceres Dos Pinos, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00923, Puerto Rico, Tel.: +1-787-764-0000/2925, Fax: +1-787-772-1431, E-mail: adaverdejo@igo.net
Issues: Puerto Rico has one of the highest incidences of AIDS in the Americas. Young people are at great risk for ETS, including HIV infections. One out of five mothers is a teenager. Since very little sexuality education has been offered in Puerto Rican schools thus far, we felt it was necessary to create culturally
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD624)
Gunter M, Hue L; M. Gunter, Jamaica Red Cross, 76 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, Tel.: +1 876 984 78 60, Fax: +1 876 984 82 72
Issue: Despite several years of exposure to HIV/AIDS information including the modes of transmission, churches are still denying burial rights to persons suspected to have died of AIDS. This inappropriate behaviour is as a direct result of how the church has always viewed with discomfort the genitals, sex, sex educatio
Background: In light of the increasing number of HIV/AIDS persons in sub-Saharan Africa, the rather unpredictable spread of infection across the continent and the heterosexual mode of transmission, not enough work has been done on male sexualilty and networking pattern when the wives are in the culturally proscribed po
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD626)
Becker J, Sacci I, Babamuradova M, Cagatay L; J. Becker, AVSC International, 440 Ninth Avenue, New York, NY 10001, United States, Tel.: +1 212 561 8000, Fax: +1 212 561 8067, E-mail: jbecker@avsc.org
Issues: In 1999, the UNFPA requested that AVSC International conduct counseling training for venerologists in Uzbekistan . This request was generated in part by a needs assessment that found limitations to provider knowledge of STI medical practices and counseling approaches. Experience has indicated the importance of
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD627)
Ubuane L, Faleyimu B-L, Ajayi P, Aremo G; L. Ubuane, Cares, C/O Dr Bode-Law Faleyimu, Warri Hospital, KM 4. NEW PORT EXP. WAY, P.M.B 1224, Warri, Delta State., Nigeria, Tel.: +234 53 254165 ext 2224, E-mail: bofa@chevron.com
Issue: Most interventions aimed at preventing HIV transmission require individulas to know their HIV status Voluntary HIV counselling and testing is not common in Nigeria despite the reported increasing rate of HIV infection amongst the population due to stigmatization, ignornace, family rejection and societal isolatio
Background: Learning one s sex partner s HIV-infection status requires partner communication and co-operation, but the dynamics of this process are poorly understood in northern Thailand , where there male-to-female transmission in stable partnerships has been substantial. Methods: In an ongoing study of HIV incidence
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD629)
Jeche M, Guyer A, Dibi A, von Lieven A, Maponga CC, Chipato T, Bassett MT; M. Jeche, Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, 103 Rotten Row, Harare, Zimbabwe, Tel.: +263 4 77 06 10, Fax: +263 4 74 98 65, E-mail: martha@zappuz.co.zw
Background: HIV testing is not common in Zimbabwe and is mainly performed to screen the blood supply and for diagnostic purposes. There is widespread belief that HIV testing does little good and may accelerate illness among those found HIV positive. Health workers also share these attitudes. In preparation for a use o
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD630)
Gresenguet G, Bassirou B, Sehounou J, Malkin J-E, Belec L; G. Gresenguet, National Reference Center for STD and AIDS, Boite Postale 2229, Bangui, Central African Republic, Tel.: +236 61 07 30, Fax: +236 61 29 40, E-mail: crmst@intnet.cf
Issues: In 1997, the French NGO Medecins du Monde in accordance to the government of the Central African Republic (CAR) have established an Anonymous Testing Center (ATC) for the general population in the city of Bangui in order to promote HIV counselling and testing as means to prevent HIV transmission. Description: F
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD631)
Nyblade L, Gray R, Makumbi F, Lutalo T, Menken J, Wawer M, Sewankambo N, Serwadda D; L. Nyblade, International Center for Research on Women, 1717 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Suite 302, Washington, DC, United States, Tel.: +1202-797-0007, x115, Fax: +1202-797-0020, E-mail: lnyblade@icrw.org
Background: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an integral part of HIV prevention, but few studies in sub-Saharan Africa have assessed use of VCT in representative populations. We evaluated the characteristics of users and non-users of VCT in a rural community cohort to assess whether VCT services are used by hi
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD632)
Karkouri M, Ouagari Z, Himmich H; M. Karkouri, Alcs (Association de Lutte Contre le Sida), 17, Boulevard al Massira al Khadra, Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco, Tel.: +212 2 99 42 42, Fax: +212 2 99 42 44, E-mail: alcs@casanet.net.ma
Objective: To assess the characteristics of the consultants attending the free and anonymous HIV testing centre of the ALCS (the moroccan association for fighting against AIDS) in Casablanca, Morocco , a low prevalence country for HIV/AIDS infection. Methods: A confidential, anonymous questionnaire was completed by eve
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD633)
Arunachalam S; S. Arunachalam, Aids Prevention and Control Project, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India, Tel.: +009 144 235 29 65, Fax: +009 144 235 50 18, E-mail: apacvhs@giasmd01.vsnr.net.in
Issues: Barber shop is a men s domain and men visit barber shop once a month and spends half an hour talking about politics, cinema and other social issues and a captive audience of barber. And it was thought that barber shop is an ideal place and barber as ideal resource person to motivate the clientele in the reprodu
Issue: Men and women with sexually transmitted diseases do not seek medical treatment and continue to engage in risky sexual behavior due to low awareness of STD signs, symptoms and consequences, and low awareness of the asymptomatic nature of STD. Description: In collaboration with the Department of Health, USAID and
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD635)
Rafiq M, Rafiq AJ, Khanani R, Shah SA, Mohammad S, Ali S; M. Rafiq, 30 Abbas square Ayesha Manzil FB-ARGA, Karachi, Pakistan, Tel.: +92 21 492 7500, Fax: +92 21 492 7501, E-mail: mrafiq@safss.org
Objective: To control spread of HIV/AIDS in a resource limited, thickly populated, low literacy level community using LHVs, TBAs, MSWs and HTs through Information, Education and Communication (IEC). LHV project was launched as a pilot project for health promotion in a highly vulnerable community of
Data gathered in public PHC structures of Bamako show that 75% of the registered cases for treatment of STD are female. Male patients seeking treatment resort in part to private pharmacies (PP), but there is no data on the volume and quality of the treatment of STD at that level in Mali . This study want to provide
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD637)
Um SC;;; S. C. Um, C/O Khana, PO Box 2311, Phnom Penh 3, Cambodia, Tel.: +855 23 211 505, Fax: +855 23 214 049, E-mail: khana@igpond.com.kh
Issues: Cambodia has the fastest growing HIV epidemic in Asia. It is estimated that 3.75% of the population is infected with HIV. Cambodia has one of the poorest health systems in the world and a NGO sector that is still new and growing. Cambodia is a country ravaged by decades of turmoil with few resources, so AIDS i
Int Conf AIDS 2000 Jul 9-14; 13:(abstract no. WeOrD638)
Aspin C; C. Aspin, AFAO, PO Box 876, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia, Tel.: +61 2 9281 1999, E-mail: caspin@afao.org.au
Issues: Community-based organisations (CBO) have played a key role in the development of HIV/AIDS policy in Australia since the beginning of the epidemic and, in the process, have demonstrated how such organisations can be an effective voice in advocating on behalf of affected communities. In particular, CBOs have bee
