Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1001)
Grivel JC, Ito Y, Womack C, Lusso P, Margolis L; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection is transmitted predominantly by CCR5-using (R5) HIV-1 variants. The switch to CXCR4-using variants (X4) (R5-X4 switch) that often occurs in the course of HIV disease is associated with a rapid decline in CD4+T cells. The cause of neither of the R5-X4 switch, nor of differential cytopathicity
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1002)
Duus KM, Yu XF, Vlahov D, Su L; UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: Three unique patients (R1, R2, and R3) in the Baltimore ALIVE cohort progressed to AIDS very rapidly and disease progression was associated with rapid depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. The HIV-1 isolated from these patients at serum conversion was characterized in vitro as Macrophage-tropi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1003)
Philpott S, Burger H, Anastos K, Kitchen CR, Salzer E, Robison E, Meyer III WA, Sacks H, Mathur-Wagh U, Brunner C, Weiser B; Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Coreceptor usage plays a critical role in HIV-1 disease progression. HIV-1 strains transmitted in vivo generally utilize CCR5 (R5 viruses), but later CXCR4 (X4) strains may emerge; this switch heralds CD4+ cell depletion and clinical deterioration. We examined the effect of combination antiviral therapy on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoOrA1004)
von Lindern JJ, Grovit-Ferbas K, Yeramian C, Pappas TC, Deng C, Herbein G, Rojo DR, Ferguson MR, Singh A, Collman RG, O'Brien WA; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Macrophages are important target cells for HIV infection and contribute to pathogenesis by serving as a long-lived viral reservoir. Culture or cytokine activated macrophages are more susceptible to HIV infection, as compared with monocytes. Identification of cellular factors that are involved in efficient H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1005)
Percherancier Y, Semac I, Planchenault T, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Virelizier JL, Hoessli D, Bachelerie F;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
Background-Recent advances have lead to the identification of rafts as platforms for numerous cellular functions including entry or budding of viruses and bacteria. HIV entry into cells involves formation of a complex between the viral Envelope and receptors CD4, CCR5 or CXCR4. We have investigated whether palmitoylati
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1051)
Richman DD, Wrin T, Little S, Petropoulos C; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The measurement of neutralizing antibody responses to autologous virus has been technically challenging. Using a novel HIV entry assay, we have evaluated the co-evolution of HIV envelope and neutralizing antibody from plasma following primary HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Recombinant viruses pseudotyped with pa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1052)
McCall A, Wilson KM, Kemp BE, Catimel B, Dax EM, Cunningham P, Johnson EI; National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia, Fitzroy, Australia
BACKGROUND: Discrimination between recent and established HIV-1 infection is necessary to measure infection incidence and correct interpretation of vaccine efficacy. The humoral immune response to HIV-1 was examined to identify markers to differentiate between early and late post-seroconversion periods. METHODS: Affini
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1053)
Kebba A, Trabattoni D, Kaleebu P, Clerici M, Imami N, Gotch F, Whitworth J; Medical Research Council's Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: The presence of HIV-1-specific genital mucosal antibodies in HIV-1 sero-positive (SP) females establishes that the virus elicits genital humoral immune responses. Their presence in exposed yet HIV-1 sero-negative (ESN) females would suggest their relevance in AIDS vaccine design since they may be contributi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1054)
Morris L, Taylor N, Oceguera L, Bures R, Gray C, Sheppard H, Hanson C, Montefiori D; AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Antibodies capable of blocking HIV-1 entry are an important component of immune control and a desirable response to immunization with candidate HIV-1 vaccines. In preparation for HIV-1 vaccine trials, sera from 4 countries in southern Africa afflicted by HIV-1 subtype C were used to determine the extent of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1055)
Kebba A, Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Rowland S, Yirrell D, Imami N, Gotch F, Whitworth J; Medical Research Council's Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: CD4+ T cell help is important for the functionality of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in limiting viral replication and may contribute to mediation of resistance to HIV-1 infection in ESNs. The presence of HIV-1-specific CD4+ Helper T lymphocyte (HTL) responses in ESNs would therefore suggest their eli
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1056)
Truong XL, Scott-Algara D, Luong TT, David A, Versmisse P, Perez-Bercoff D, Nguyen VN, Tran KH, Cao TC, Follezou JY, Theodorou I, Sinoussi FB, Pancino G; Institut Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
BACKGROUND: We have previously described a population of highly exposed seronegative individuals among intravascular drug users (IVDUs) in Ho Chi Minh City ( Vietnam ). The aim of this study was to identify immune factors of protection against HIV-1 in exposed uninfected (EU) IVDUs, focusing innate immunity, including
Int conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1088)
Rosati M, Eyler P, Valentin A, Trivedi H, Biragyn A, W Kwak LW, Markham P, Woodward R, von Gegerfelt A, Miller, Felber, Pavlaki;;; NCI-Frederick, Frederick, United States
BACKGROUND: DNA-based immunogens promise to provide simple and cost-effective vaccinesalthough their potential has not been fully explored. METHODS: We have generated several vectors that express HIV or SIV structural proteins independently of the normal HIV-encoded regulatory system (Rev/RRE). The expression vectors e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1089)
nigs C, Pustowka A, Wegner V, Benz A, Landersz M, Griesinger C, Robinson J, Dietrich U; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified that bind to highly conserved regions on HIV-1 gp120 and are able to neutralize a broad range of different HIV-1 isolates. The binding site for one of these mAbs, termed 17b, overlaps with the coreceptor binding site and single amino acids relevant for bindi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1090)
Kent SJ, Dale CJ, Rose RD, Medveczky CJ, Ramshaw IA; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
BACKGROUND: Detection of HIV-specific T cell immunity induced by vaccines has been, up to date, at best indirect. We studied the direct killing of HIV labeled cells in vivo tracking dye-labeled cells in macaques receiving highly T cell immunogenic vaccines. METHODS: Macaques were vaccinated consecutively with DNA and F
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1091)
Lifson JD; SAIC Frederick, NCI, Frederick, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: We used a novel chemical inactivation method to produce non-infectious SIV virions with functional envelope glycoproteins. We tested the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this immunogen, with and without CpG motif containing immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (ISS ODN), in the rhesus/SIVmac239
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1092)
Su J, Xiong Y, Li B, Luscher M, Amara RR, Robinson HL, MacDonald KS;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To study the magnitude, diversification, and MHC restriction of CTL responses over time post vaccination and viral challenge, and their correlation with disease suppression. METHODS: DNA priming followed by a MVA booster vaccine (SIV-Gag-Pol, HIV-1 Env) was used in a SHIV/rhesus macaque model. PBMC s collec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrA1093)
Moore JP, Sanders RW, Vesanen M, Beddows S, Lu M, Schuelke N, Gardner J, Maddon PJ, Olson WC; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Dept. of Microbiology &Immunology, New York, United States
The native HIV-1 envelope complex is a trimeric structure containing 3 gp120 and 3 gp41 subunits, all associated via non-covalent interactions. This complex is the target for neutralizing antibodies, and may be an effective immunogen for inducing these antibodies. Unfortunately, the native complex is too unstable to be
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1006)
Grant AD, Charalambous S, Fielding K, Day JH, Moyake T, Mahasela B, Corbett EL, Hayes RJ, Churchyard GJ; London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Interventions to limit the impact of HIV disease among working populations in Southern Africa are urgently required. We investigated the impact of primary preventive therapy with cotrimoxazole and isoniazid (IPT) given according to UNAIDS guidelines on the incidence of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1007)
Miro JM, Lopez JC, Podzamczer D, Pena JM, Alberdi JC, Claramonte X, Martinez E, Cosin J, Arribas JR, Domingo P, Casado JL, Ribera E, Santin M, de Miguel V; Hospital Clinic - Idibaps, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of discontinuing TE MT in HIV-1-infected patients after immunological reconstitution with HAART. METHODS: Prospective, randomised, open & multicentric trial to evaluate withdrawal or not of TE MT. All patients had to meet the following criteria: 1) Previo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1008)
Kigozi B, Van der Paal LV, Mayanja B, Eotu H, Whitworth JA;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS-Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Patients with HIV are at a high risk of bacteremia. The Uganda STI/AIDS Control Programme recommends use of low cost drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of HIV/ AIDS related opportunistic infections. Yet, little is known about their sensitivity patterns. METHODS: We analysed results from 114 HIV-1 infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1009)
Brooks JT, Adams MR, McNaghten AD, Swerdlow DL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, United States
BACKGROUND: We sought to characterize factors associated with increased risk of Sp infection and isolation of nonsusceptible strains in HIV-infected adults. METHODS: We used data from the ASD Project, which longitudinally abstracts medical records of HIV-infected persons >13 years old at >100 clinics in 11 U.S. cities.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1010)
Moss NJ, Perdreau-Remington F, Bangsberg DR, Charlebois ED; UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of bacteremia, pneumonia, and soft tissue infections in HIV(+) individuals. Higher rates of S. aureus colonization have been reported in HIV(+) individuals. We examined the relationship between CD4 cell count and nasal colonization with S. aureus among HIV positiv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1057)
Mohsen AH, Taylor C, Portmann B, Norris S, Kulasegaram R, Murad S, Easterbrook P; King's College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
Introduction: There is limited comparative histological data on the relative rate of HCV progression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV)co-infection. Aim: To compare the progression of hepatic fibrosis in HIV-HCV coinfected and HCV infected patients. METHODS: Patients were included
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1058)
Justice AC, Wagner JH, Fusco GP, Dieterich DT, Becker SL, McGinnis KA, Conigliaro J, Bonomo R, Rodriguez-Barradas M, CHORUS project team A, VACS 3 projec team A; U. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
BACKGROUND: Whether by HAART, viral hepatitis, or alcohol, transaminitis (elevated ALT and AST) is common among those with HIV infection. We used data from VACS 3 and CHORUS to determine the importance of transaminitis in predicting survival after adjusting for CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA. METHODS: The VACS 3 and CHORUS co
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1059)
Smith DM, Puoti M, Sulkowski M, Findor J, Carosi GP, Gilbert TL, DePamphilis J, Cupelli LA, Torriani FJ; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
BACKGROUND: Symptomatic hyperlactatemia (SHL) is a complication of nucleoside analog HIV therapy and specifically stavudine (D4T). SHL is also seen in HIV and HCV co-infected (HIV/HCV) patients treated with didanosine (DDI) and ribavirin (RIB).
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1060)
Roland ME, Carlson L, Ragni M, Rohal S, Keller M, Murphy B, Kim-Schluger L, Humar A, Pruett T, Berg C, Lu A, Bennett W, Jacobson J, Olthoff K, Kumar MS, Gold M, Damask A, Light JW, Redfield R, Allee M, Fung J, Stock P; Univ of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of transplantation in the HAART-era are being evaluated in a prospective study. 47 transplants (tx) occurred at collaborating centers prior to study initiation. METHODS: Collection of retrospective data from liver (L) and kidney (K) tx recipients who would have met study eligibility
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1094)
Ramanathan K, Hamoudi A, Narasimhan V, Otsweleng R, Mazonde P, Marlink R; Harvard AIDS Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Currently, there is little data on the costs and cost-effectiveness of a fully scaled, nationwide HAART intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. As part of a larger cost-effectiveness study on HAART in Botswana , our group developed an approach to estimate the costs of health services with the introduction of HA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1095)
Kasper T, Hilderbrand K, Tshabane N, Louis F, Reuter H, Labatala V, Coetzee D, Goemaere E; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In May 2001, Medecins Sans Frontieres added highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to a package of services available in dedicated HIV clinics at three government-run primary health care (PHC) centers in Khayelitsha, a poor township of Cape Town, South Africa . Patients with advanced HIV disease (CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1096)
Eholie SP, Bissagnene E, Gaumon A, Mambo J, Guiza J, Kakou A, Kadio A; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
OBJECTIVES: To assess the socioeconomic impact of HIV infection on a private company of Abidjan and to demonstrate interest of providing care and ARVs to HIV(+) employees. METHODS: The study was conducted in a private company of 3500 employees with the approval of the management team, and informed consent was requested
BACKGROUND: HIV-antiretrovirals (ARV) are officially prescribed in 10 government and private-not for-profit UNAIDS accredited centers. However, little is known about ARV use in the private-for-profit (PfP)-medical facilities (mf). Midway International in collaboration with Medical Access
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1098)
Teixeira PR, Santos CE, Vitoria MA, Lima JN, Sakita KM, Grangeiro AL, Costa-Filho RB, Sudo EC; STD/AIDS Program, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUES: The Brazilian MOH has made the combined ART including PI and NNRTI universally available since 96,with logistic and criteria distribution based on regularly updated national guidelines. By Dec.2001, 113000 patients was benefit from this program. As a result there has been a significant fall in morbidity/mortali
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1129)
Tudor-Williams G, Head S, Weigel R, Valerius NH, Riddell A, Lyall EG; St. Mary's Hospital / Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Triple drug regimens fail to suppress HIV in more than 50% of sick infants. Protease inhibitors for children have problems with adherence, pharmacodynamics, and long term toxicities. We have designed a protease-sparing combination with 4 palatable suspensions that require no food restrictions. METHODS: The
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1130)
Buseyne F, Lechenadec J, Porrot F, Corre B, Burgard M, Rouzioux C, Blanche S, Riviere Y; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD8+ T cells play a major role in the containment of HIV replication and disease progression. We previously showed that the presence of HIV-specific CTL in the peripheral blood of perinatally infected children during the first year of age is associated with a less severe disease course. The pre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1131)
Meyers TM, Kuhn L, Meddows-Taylor S, Tiemessen C, Simmank K, Sherman GG; Paediatrics Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Delaying initiation of ART is an appealing strategy in children who face prolonged courses of therapy exposing them to toxicity and compliance problems. In resource-poor settings, it is also attractive to limit use of antiretroviral therapy among children until it becomes necessary. PENTA guidelines suggest
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1132)
McConnell M, Sukalac T, Hsu H, Orengo JC, Rakusan T, Peters V, Melville S, Frederick T, Dominguez K, Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Consortium PS; EIS, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Division of HIV/AIDS, CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: It is critical to monitor patterns of antiretroviral therapy (ART) usage in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Current guidelines for initial ART in children recommend at least three drugs. METHODS: The Pediatric Spectrum of Disease (PSD) is an ongoing longitudinal chart review of HIV-
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of ADRs following antiretroviral treatment in HIV+ children METHOD: A cohort study based on data collected between 1998-2000. All treated children, aged 1-18 years, followed by 29 Institutions of the Italian Register for Paediatric HIV were enrolled. All ADRs, consisting in clinical
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrB1134)
Sanchez-Torres AM, Munoz-Muniz R, Madero R, Borque C, Garcia-Miguel MJ, de Jose MI; La Paz Children Hospital, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: The lipodystrophy syndrome(LPDS)is being described in HIV-infected children. It includes clinical and metabolic disorders. Etiology is considered as multifactorial,it could be related with HAART(High Active Antiretroviral Treatment). Lactic acidosis,related to mytocondrial toxicity by antiretroviral treatme
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1011)
Kamali A, Muhangi L, Quigley M, Whitworth J; Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: To determine the association between prevalence and incidence of Herpes Simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), syphilis and HIV infection in a community-randomized trial (CRT). METHODS: About 20000 adults (13+ years) residing in 18 communities were enrolled in a CRT between 1994-2000 targeting improved sexually transmitt
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the impact of acute herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on HIV acquisition, although a number of studies have identified genital ulcer disease as a major risk factor for HIV infection. We hypothesized that primary genital HSV-2 infection is a critical risk factor for pri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1013)
Fenton KA, Hughes G, Evans B; PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Recent outbreaks of syphilis among homosexual men in England have raised concerns regarding a resurgence in high-risk sexual behaviours and a deterioration of sexual health in this group. In this paper we examine national surveillance data to determine the potential impact of the outbreaks on HIV transmissi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1014)
Stenger MR, Djomand G; Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, United States
BACKGROUND: Increases in sexually transmitted infection (STI) morbidity among persons with HIV disease may reflect a trend toward higher-risk behaviors, especially among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in the United States . Mounting evidence for a measurably increased risk of HIV-transmission/acquisition in the presen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1015)
Mbizvo E, Msuya S, Chirenje M, Mbizvo MT, Hussan A, Stray-Pedersen B; Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Program, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: As HIV infection continues to rise especially in sub-Saharan Africa, elaboration of HIV prevalence and associated risk factors in similar study populations, could help elucidate factors which determine the rate and extent of spread of HIV. Such information is necessary in developing cohesive preventive stra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1016)
Voeten HA, O'Hara HB, Kusimba J, Otido JM, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Habbema JD; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Health seeking behaviour for STD is an important factor in the control of STD, including HIV. Most studies are clinic-based, thereby not covering patients who never attend a clinic. METHODS: A population-based survey was held among 1929 adults in four poor areas in Nairobi. For the 318 individuals who exper
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1039)
Cleghorn FR, Sill A, Jack NE, Smith H, Forsythe-Duke V, Kreisel K, Banfield-Roach D, Bartholomew C, Constantine N, Blattner WA; University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: The use of cross-sectional sampling methods to estimate HIV incidence via sensitive/less sensitive (S/LS) assays has expanded in the past 5 years. Current data suggest that incidence using this approach is over-estimated by 10-20%, based largely on the imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the assay. OBJ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1040)
Rollins NC, Dedicoat M, Danaviah S, Page T, Bishop K, Coovadia HM, Cassol S; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Services for the prevention, treatment and care of HIV-1 infections are likely to be scaled up consequent to the renewed global commitment to controlling the AIDS pandemic. We describe a simple, robust approach for monitoring HIV-1 prevalence, incidence and mother-to-child transmission rates in rural Africa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1041)
Suligoi B, Massi M, Sciandra M, Sora FD, Galli C, Pezzotti P, Rezza G; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: To assess changes in the HIV epidemic, incidence estimates are essential, yet they are best obtained through longitudinal studies, which are complicated and time-consuming. We evaluated a new procedure for identifying recent infections based on an automated enzyme immunoassay. METHODS: We conducted a longit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1042)
Murta C, Casado MJ, Casabona J, Ros R, Sierra E, Zaragoza K, Barbera N, Vega de X;;; CEESCAT, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The best type of study to identify new HIV infections is the longitudinal cohort study, though it may prove difficult to realise, is expensive and demands a long period of follow-up. Given that many people who look for anonymous HIV testing in Catalonia are repeating it, the aim of this study was to estimat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1043)
Parry JV, Murphy G, Osner N, Charlet A, Jordan LF, Porter K, Whitworth J; Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND - Two assays, the Abbott 3A11 and the Organon Teknika Vironostika (OT), have been validated for use in the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS). The ability of these assays accurately to identify recent infection was compared. METHODS - Single specimens from seroconvertors on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1044)
McDonald A, Cunningham P, Delpech V, Kaldor JM; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
BACKGROUND: In Australia , evidence of the recency of infection with HIV-1 is routinely collected through national surveillance for newly diagnosed HIV infection, based on a previous negative test or a diagnosis of primary infection. Because such information is only available on a limited number of cases, surveillance
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1099)
Charalambous S, Moloi VM, Grant AD, Seabi O, Mangenene N, Rankhakile MK, Churchyard GJ, Corbett EL; Aurum Health Research, Welkom, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Factors influencing the prevalence of untreated TB disease, a major determinant of TB transmission rates, are poorly understood. METHODS: Mineworkers attending annual fitness examination were tested for HIV with consent and screened for TB using a questionnaire, mini x-ray and microscopy and culture of 2 sp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1100)
Day JH, Grant AD, Fielding KL, Moloi VM, Morris L, Chaisson RE, Cock KM, Hayes RJ, Churchyard GJ; Aurum Health Research, Welkom, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important disease among HIV-infected persons world-wide. It is proposed that TB-associated immune activation may accelerate the progression of HIV disease. HIV viral load (VL) is elevated in individuals during episodes of TB and remains high at treatment completion. To determin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1101)
Reichler M, Reves R, Mangura B, Bur S, Thompson V, Ford J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND. Persons with recently acquired latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection are at high risk of rapid progression to TB disease. METHODS. To determine the proportion of close contacts (CC) to infectious TB cases tested for HIV, and the results of HIV testing for thi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1102)
Sonnenberg P, Glynn JR, Fielding K, Godfrey-Faussett P, Murray J, Shearer S; London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: HIV increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but no study has assessed how soon after infection with HIV this risk starts to rise and how it changes with duration of infection. This is essential for planning interventions and estimating disease burden. METHODS: The incidence of pulmonary TB was estimated in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1103)
Ayles HM, Shasulwe H, Lungu L, Mukonka M, Nkhata K, Bond V, Godfrey-Faussett P;;; Zambart Project, Lusaka, Zambia
BACKGROUND: Adherence to long term treatment presents many challenges to people living with HIV, particularly in poor environments with much stigma. TB preventive therapy (TBPT) is advocated for individuals living with HIV in high TB incidence areas. Implementation has been difficult to achieve and adherence to treatme
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrC1104)
Wells CD, Priedulena I, Riekstina V, Sture G, Leimane V; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
BACKGROUND: In the first World Health Organization (WHO) global survey of tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance in 1996, Latvia had the highest level of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB - resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin - of all count
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1017)
Rumakom P; Horizons, The Population Council, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: To examine the time from HIV infection to HIV positive diagnosis and determine factors that can reduce this duration. METHODS: A cohort of 361 Thai HIV positive participants were enrolled from Lampang province, Northern Thailand from 1999-2001. Life tables were used to calculate the probability of time from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1018)
Metcalf CA, Dillon BA, Douglas JM, Padilla SM, Paul SM, Young PA, Lindsey CA, Peterman TA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Project RESPECT found that HIV testing with 2 sessions of prevention counseling prevented more STDs than HIV testing with information alone, but that the effect waned over time. We assessed whether a booster counseling session 6 months after HIV testing and counseling would further prevent STD. METHODS: Con
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1019)
Metcalf CA, Cross H, Dillon BA, Douglas JM, Malotte CK, Young PA, Lindsey CA, Peterman TA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Project RESPECT found that HIV testing with 2 sessions of prevention counseling can prevent more sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) than HIV testing with information alone. In practice, many patients do not return for their HIV test result and 2nd counseling session. We compared rapid HIV testing with all
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1020)
Dyk AC; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND: VCT is in its infancy in South Africa and is mainly used for diagnostic purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the needs, attitudes and beliefs towards VCT to assist in the implementation of comprehensive VCT services. METHODS: 1422 participants - 38% male and 62% female with a mean age of 32.5 yea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1021)
Juma MA, McCauley AP, Kirumira E, Bufumbo L, Kakande N, Kalule J, Lukenge D, Geibel S; Horizons Program/Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programs have persuaded some adults to adopt behavior that reduces their chances of HIV infection. To see whether VCT would benefit youth, data were collected on young people leaving VCT services. A campaign to attract more young people to VCT followed. METHODS: 369 yo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1022)
Kalibala S, Neema S, Waibale P, Kalule J, Rutenberg N, Wangalwa S, Geibel S, Kibombo R, Mulondo N, Lukanika H, Tumuhairwe K, Wanderema S, Mukasa S, Tumuhairwe E; Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Services for the management of TB, STDs, and FP provide an opportunity to discuss HIV and offer VCT. Efforts have been undertaken in Uganda to offer a comprehensive package of VCT, FP, TB, and STD and care and support services at 4 AIDS Information Centre (AIC) and 9 primary health care (PHC) facilities. In
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1061)
Sherman SG, Shepherd M, Vlahov D, Bareta JC, Valente TW, Huettner S, Strathdee SA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Secondary exchangers may play an important role in increasing sterile syringe coverage to IDUs who do not attend syringe exchange programs (SEPs). We compared HIV injection risk and syringe disposal practices between high (HVEs) and low volume exchangers (LVEs). METHODS: All syringes exchanged at the Baltim
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1062)
Vickerman PT, Watts C; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Needle exchange projects (NEPs) are effective in reducing HIV transmission amongst intravenous drug users (IDUs). However, there is little data on the required coverage and syringe exchange rate to result in a significant decrease in HIV transmission. We use a mathematical model to study this question for a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1063)
Burrows D;;; 3 Palms Consulting, Sydney, Australia
A World Bank commissioned study in 2001 examined best practice harm reduction for HIV prevention among injecting drug users (IDUs) in community and prisons settings in Russian Federation (RF). The project report is based on 26 surveys completed by needle and syringe exchange projects (NSEPs) in RF, interviews with NSEP
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1064)
Hutin YJ, Hauri A;;; WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: In a number of countries, reports of nosocomial HIV transmission lead to improvement of injection practices in health care setting. However, unsafe injection practices persist. We reviewed the literature to assess injection safety and injection frequency in developing and transitional countries and evaluate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoOrD1065)
Perlis T, Jarlais DD, Poznyak V, Monteiro M, Stimson G, Fitch C; National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Injecting drug use (IDU) and HIV among IDUs are spreading rapidly in developing/transitional (D/T) countries. Effective interventions exist mostly in industrialized countries. Controlling current/emerging epidemics requires data collection that is locally relevant but also permits cross-national comparisons
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1066)
Batista SR, Inchaurraga S, Castano GA, Osimani ML, Fresco M, Hurtado J, Flores P, Ramos ME;;; RELARD, Curitiba, Brazil
ISSUE: The importance of constructing networks to strengthen harm reduction actions in Latin America. DESCRIPTION: Latin America is the third region in the world in cases of HIV/AIDS. However, differently from other regions where the infection occurs mainly through sexual exposure, the Latin American profile, especiall
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1085)
Orroth KK, Korenromp EL, White RG, Gavyole A, Sewankambo NK, Wawer MJ, Whitworth JA, Grosskurth H, Habbema JD, Hayes RJ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Title Differences between the Mwanza, Rakai and Masaka populations: a reanalysis of trial data BACKGROUND: Community randomised trials in Mwanza, Rakai and Masaka have reported differing impacts of STD treatment on HIV incidence. Data on sexual behaviour and STD prevalences were compared between the three trials to det
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1086)
White RG, Orroth KK, Korenromp EL, Bakker R, Wambura M, Sewankambo NK, Wawer MJ, Kamali A, Grosskurth H, Habbema JD, Hayes RJ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Differences in sexual behaviour and curable STD prevalence have been hypothesized as an explanation for the differential impact of the Mwanza, Rakai and Masaka HIV/STD intervention trials. This study tests this hypothesis using microsimulation modelling. METHODS: The STDSIM microsimulation model was used to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1087)
White RG, Orroth KK, Korenromp EL, Bakker R, Wambura M, Serwadda D, Whitworth JA, Gray RH, Grosskurth H, Habbema JD, Hayes RJ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Population differences have provided an explanation for the differential impact observed in the Mwanza, Rakai and Masaka STD/HIV intervention trials. We explore the impact of the 4 HIV prevention strategies in a range of populations. METHODS: The STDSIM microsimulation model was used to simulate the transmi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1105)
Jackson JB, Barnett S, Apuzzo L, Raines C, Gallant J, Hendrix C, Piwowar-Manning E, Hamzeh F; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: A two dose regimen of Nevirapine (NVP) has been shown to be effective in protecting newborns from becoming HIV infected when given perinatally. A low dose NVP regimen may be effective in protecting against sexual or blood transmission of HIV. Therefore, a Phase I/II trial (HIVHOP 101) of giving a 200 mg tab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1106)
Rapparini C, Saraceni V, Cruz M, Mendes R, Durovni B; Rio de Janeiro City Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended for health care workers (HCWs) following high risk occupational exposure. Since the toxicity and side effects of PEP are significant, timely HIV results on the source patient are essential to limit days on PEP when the source is HIV negative. In 1997, rapid HIV tests were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1107)
Grohskopf LA, Smith DK, Kunches LM, Robert LM, McGowan L, Paxton LA, Greenberg AE; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Better characterization of frequency of use and efficacy of post-exposure prophylaxis for non-occupational HIV exposures (nPEP) is needed to formulate guidelines for its use. METHODS: A U.S. national registry was established in 1999 for voluntary reporting of non-occupational HIV exposures and nPEP use. Par
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1108)
Simon BG, Almeda J, Casabona J, Rey D, Puro V, Van Den Hoek A, Bernasconi E, Bergin C, Evans B, Lazanas M, Marcus U, Mota Miranda A, Tomazic J, rard M; CEESCAT, Hospital Universitai Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Although there are no efficacy data on non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (NONOPEP), it is widely used. Following USA and Australia initiatives, an European Registry (European Commission, DGHCP) was implemented in April 2001 in 14 countries, to assess the feasibility, and eventually the effectivenes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1109)
Belanger F, Malonga M, Duguey O, Garcia M, Ebandza J, Mbemba A, Salignon P, Legros D;;; Epicentre, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: An estimated 800,000 displaced people were affected by the war in Congo-Brazzaville. Returnees came back to Brazzaville from May 1999 until February 2000. In addition to medical and nutritional support to returnees, Medecins sans Frontieres reinforced the Congolese program for the victims of sexual violence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrD1110)
Freers J, Kellett J, Mayanja-Kizza H; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Frequency of nosocomial exposures, side effects and cumulative cost of ARV s make recommended PEP regimens impractical for HCW in Africa. Non-occupational risks of HIV appear to make PEP pointless for the extra risk run by HCW in Africa. Nevirapine with its rapid absorption, long half life and lack of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1023)
Dubey N;;; Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Identifying impediments in Indian law and legal procedure permits a comprehensive understanding of the social and ethical issues that heighten the vulnerability of women to HIV and the targeting of areas of legal reform. Accordingly, a study of about 70 legal cases was undertaken in order to understand the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1024)
Fonseca MC, Barber-Madden R, Ribeiro JT; universidad anonima de barcelona, barcelona, Spain
issue: until recently humanitarian assistance has focussed primarily on basic services, with little attention to hiv/aids prevention and reproductive rights. description: a qualitative-quantitative study of 2000 women and men in idp camps and peri-urban areas in angola analysed migration, fertility, mortality, gender,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1025)
Zitongo B, M'bringa M; Onusida-Centrafrique, Bangui, Central African Republic
BACKGROUND: The issues related to gender are a very important challenges in case of Central African Republic . In this country, the male culture is very strong and determining for all human activities. Today HIV/AIDS is an important public health problem and development. Its rate at national level reaches 13,84%. It is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1026)
Olatidoye F, Baruwa O, Olasusi O, Odutolu B, Odutolu O; life vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria
ISSUE: Globally, more than 30% of people already infected are between 15 and 24 years and more 50-60% of new infections are found in the group. Young women are particularly at risk due in most cases to the reality of their economic condition which makes them dependent economically on their male counterparts. The condit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1027)
Gomez CA, van der Stratten A, Padian N; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), AIDS Research Institute (ARI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND. Serodiscordant couples present unique intervention challenges in the face of real risk for HIV transmission. The California Partners Study II was a randomized controlled intervention trial for serodiscordant heterosexual couples reporting unprotected vaginal or anal sex in the previous six months. METHODS.
BACKGROUND: Gender in Bangladesh is key factor in defining social roles, responsibilities, and power relationships within the family. Men are the main wage earners and decision makers. Analysis of norms and behaviour related to gender, power relationships and sexuality shows that they are embedded in the social constru
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1067)
Barnes DB; California State University, Hayward, Hayward, United States
BACKGROUND: Given the use of antiretroviral therapy, women with HIV can live longer, and reduce the risk of vertical transmission to their children. This has the potential to increase HIV positive women s reproductive lives. An understanding of what influences women s reproductive decisions is paramount to constructing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1068)
Barbosa RM, Knauth DR, Hopkins K, Potter JE; Center for Population Studies/University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The reproductive rights and choices of HIV positive women are a global public health concern. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil mirrors international trends as HIV infection among women of reproductive age continues to rise. Though little is known about the contraceptive experiences of HIV-positive women, the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1069)
McDonald KM, Kirkman M; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health &Society, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: There have been numerous clinical trials and considerable public discussion about the impact of advances in antiretroviral (ARV) therapy during pregnancy and childbirth, but little of this has focused on the views of arguably the most important affected population, namely women living with HIV/AIDS. This pa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1070)
Savasi V, Persico T, Oneta M, Lanzani C, Crivelli M, Grandi MD, Morgan JA, Ferrazzi E; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Luigi Sacco Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
ISSUES: Assisting HIV infected males and their seronegative female partners wishing to have a child by offering timed intrauterine insemination after sperm washing. The desire of a child is spontaneous in a stable couple and today HIV discordant couples should be considered as people that live a chronic illness. DESCRI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1071)
Coulon M, Rey D, Poizot-Martin I, Gallais H, Obadia Y; ORS Paca, Marseille, France
OBJECTIVES: To describe obstetrical history and factors that may have influenced pregnancy outcomes among the 137 women included in the MANIF 2000 cohort, a study that enrolled 467 patients HIV-infected through injecting drug use. METHODS: A qualitative study based on semi-structured in-depth interviews carried on amon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1072)
Moyo W; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
BACKGROUND: In a background of very high prevalence of HIV infection among women of child-bearing age and increasing demand for treatment to prevent mother to child transmission, we investigated the impact of perceived HIV risk, reporting at least one child death and spontaneous abortion in the past five years on the d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1111)
Susser IS, Lee RB, Ipinge S, Parisi PE; City University of New York, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: in order to develop appropriate and sustainable measures to halt the transmission of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa today we need to recognize underappreciated capacities for changing relations of sexual authority between men and women as they are confronted with the ever-increasing mortality from the disease
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1112)
Nyanzi B, Nyanzi S, Wolff B, Whitworth JA; Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O.Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Market work requires access to cash, independent decision-making, high levels of mobility and social interaction. We studied whether cash empowerment leads to better sexual negotiation power or sexual health for women. METHODS 12 focus group discussions and 60 indepth interviews were conducted among market
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1113)
Bugenyi J, Matasha E, Gavyole A, Swalehe Z, Kamanya V, Bwibo R; African Medical and Research Foundation - (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania
ISSUES: Some of the traditional practices in Tanzania put women in a greater risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS. Such practices have brought up people with gender inequalities and relationships. Addressing such practices may reduce such risk. DESCRIPTION: In April 2000, a KAP study was carried in four communities of the Lake Z
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1114)
Amin AN, Bentley M; Center for Health and Gender Equity, Takoma Park, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has focused attention on the role of gender inequality as a critical factor in making women disproportionately vulnerable to the infection, and the need to control sexually transmitted infections (STI). Efforts to prevent HIV and control STI depend on women s perception of morbidity and sub
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1115)
Kemmegne J, Nguemen F; University of Yaounde 1/Cameroon Psychology Forum, Yaounde, Cameroon
Backgroung : The study examined men versus women attitudes towards the female condom (FC). METHODS: Volunteers (Male & Female) were recruited from among sexually active subjects, living in Yaounde, Cameroon . They were each given 6FCs for use with the partner(s). One month later, they were interviewed using a semi-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrE1116)
Chinake H, Dunbar M, van der Straten A, Esim S, Makunike B, Vere A, Padian N; University of Zimbabwe- University of California Collaborative Research Programme in Women's Health, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Studies indicate that many adolescent girls and some adolescent boys in sub-Saharan Africa engage in sexual relationships with older partners (intergenerational sex), which may put them at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: We conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) among 71, 16-19 year old in- and out
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1029)
Sowell RL, Phillips KD, Richter DL; Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States
ISSUES: Perinatal transmission accounts for almost all cases of HIV infection in infants. However, despite advancements in therapies to decrease perinatal transmission of HIV, there is evidence that many HIV-infected women still lack information about how best to support the health of their unborn infants. DESCRIPTION:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1030)
Papathakis PC, Rollins NC; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa
ISSUES: Little is known about nutritional adequacy and feasibility of several feeding options presented in the WHO guidelines for infants of HIV-infected mothers. DESCRIPTION: To explore the suitability of the current feeding recommendations for infants of HIV-infected mothers in the South African context, we compared
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1031)
Besser MJ; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
ISSUES: Women diagnosed with HIV infection during pregnancy need education, counselling and support. Education improves adherence to antiretroviral treatment regimens and feeding practices. Counselling and support improves quality of life. Most women, when diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy, are unable or unwilling to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1032)
Shutes E, Vwalika C, Kasonde P, Sinkala M, Kankasa C, Allen S, Aldrovandi G, Kuhn L, Thea DM; Boston University, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Both mothers and fathers should be involved in making informed decisions about how to protect their children from HIV. Programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission are usually conducted within antenatal clinics, services rarely, if ever, attended by men in southern Africa. Strategies to involve men
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1033)
van't Hoog AH, Otieno J, Marum L, Obare-Okeyo R, Taren D, Misore A, DeCock K;;; CDC/KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya
ISSUES: To provide comprehensive PMCT services and develop an effective model, a pilot program was started in May 2001 in Kisumu using the HIVNET 012 regimen. DESCRIPTION: A package of interventions was integrated in the Antenatal Clinic (ANC) and maternity ward at the Provincial Hospital, a public referral hospital wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1034)
Teerawattananon DR, Tangchareansathien DR; Senior Research Schollar Porgramme on Health Policy and Finance, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Thai government provides free services for two rounds of Voluntary Counseling and Testing(VCT) to all pregnancies. Pregnancies with HIV infections receive free national regimen zidovudine ( AZT ), breast milk substitutes, and VCT for newborns.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1045)
Martin DJ, Arns PG, Atkins AM, Chernoff RA, Steckart MJ, Brooks RA;;; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, United States
BACKGROUND: In 1996, we were awarded funding for a demonstration project to link community HIV-service organizations with a local career transition center to provide workforce-reentry assistance for people with HIV. DESCRIPTION: Following a comprehensive assessment (including psychosocial, mental-health, neuropsycholog
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1046)
Odek WO, Costigan A, Ngugi EN, Moses S, Plummer FA, Oneko M;;; Improve Your Business-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUES: Micro-finance - the provision of financial services like loans, savings and insurance to the low-income households - has gained prominence as a poverty alleviation tool. HIV/AIDS, however, challenges the conventional Micro-finance principles by exacerbating the general poverty that most Micro-finance programs e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1047)
Gilborn LZ, Nyonyintono R, Kabumbuli R, Jagwe-Wadda G; Population Council, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Operations research in Uganda tested the impact of orphan support (OS) and succession planning (SP) on children affected by AIDS (CABA), HIV positive parents and guardians. SP supports parents in planning for their children s future through: voluntarily disclosing HIV-status to children, appointing future g
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1048)
Sivaram S; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND. Devadasi women are a class of women who, historically, are dedicated to the service of the Gods. Today, this has evolved to sanctioned prostitution - as a result of which many women from this part of the country are supplied to the sex trade in big cities such as Mumbai. In the study area, devadasi women we
ISSUES: Survive children of the AIDS families were often left to grow up without enough support for their physical, mental and social development. There is an urgent need to assist them to pass through the crisis and to maintain their education long enough to be able to grow up normally. DESCRIPTION: Panyaphiwat Group,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1050)
Kaseke S, Germann S; Salvation Army Masiye Camp, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
ISSUE: With the scenario that up to 35% of children might be orphans due to AIDS in several southern African countries by 2010, failure to support children to overcome trauma and grief related to HIV/AIDS will have very negative impacts on society and might cause dysfunctional societies, jeopardizing years of investmen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1073)
Day JH, Miyamura K, Grant AD, Leeuw A, Magadla B, Munsamy J, Baggaley R, Churchyard GJ; Aurum Health Research, Welkom, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV has been available within the health service of a gold mining company in South Africa since 1991, but spontaneous uptake has been low. In March 2001 the VCT service was re-launched using rapid tests and anonymised record cards. A survey was conducted to invest
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1074)
Yadav S, Vasta V, Ambwani PN, Gilada IS, Akhtar S; People's Health Organisation (India), Mumbai, India
ISSUES: With ever-increasing HIV awareness, HIV becoming a chronic manageable disorder and cost-reduction in ART healthcare-seeking behaviour is improving. Ignorance, lack of time and fear of breach in confidentiality keep away many risk takers from the conventional HIV clinics. Owing to high real estate costs coupled
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1075)
Kiarie JN, Carey F, Kabura M, John-Stewart G; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Abuse of women by their partners is a common and important problem. We are conducting a study to determine the correlates of abuse (withholding financial support, hurting emotionally or physical assault) and the impact of HIV-1 VCT on risk of abuse. METHODS: Women receive antenatal VCT alone or with their p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1076)
Ray S;;; SAfAIDS, Harare, Zimbabwe
ISSUE: Availability of antiretroviral treatments has led to remedicalisation of HIV in many parts of Southern Africa. Private doctors in particular are becoming more interested in HIV testing as entry points to providing treatment through the private sector. However, they are often not motivated, experienced or resourc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1077)
Marum E, Owiti A, Nganga L, Wambua W, Achieng R, Onyango A, Oparkar L, Odawa L, Muitherero C, DeCock KM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) in Africa has traditionally been offered either in integrated sites in health facilities or in free-standing centers operated by non-governmental organizations. A third model of community based VCT services offered in diverse sites including churches, a youth center, a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1078)
Hargreaves NJ, Chimzizi RB, Golombe C, Munthali F, Kajawo E, Salaniponi FM; Malawi National TB Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi
ISSUES: Malawi is promoting voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT) as an HIV prevention strategy and the gateway to HIV care and support. The quality of VCT services must be maintained as they are scaled up. The UNAIDS VCT Quality Evaluation Tools were used to improve the quality of VCT services in Malawi.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1117)
Lopes VS, Doneda D; National STD and AIDS Programme Office, Brasilia DF, Brazil
ISSUES: The school-based projects implemented by the Brazilian Aids Program have shown positive results. This encouraging outcome is has been reached due to the improving coordination between the health - education services in the prevention efforts. Project: The Aids Program started from the basic idea that teacher tr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1118)
Laibuta A, Rachier C, Marum E, Gikundi E, Ouko J, Njoka G, Shitekha E, Balmer D; Kenya Association of Professional Counselors, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUES: Young people in Nairobi, Kenya have limited access to HIV prevention services, and youth are often reluctant to request services such as voluntary HIV counseling and test (VCT) in sites dominated by adults. Empowering youths to develop health sexual behavior is a priority for HIV prevention. DESCRIPTION: The Ke
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1119)
Castro J;;; Health Action Information Network, Quezon, Philippines
ISSUES: With the increasing visibility of gays in the Philippines comes the emergence of a new breed of young bakla, stereotyped as effeminate self-identified homosexual men. This group of bakla have, seemingly, fatalistic attitude towards HIV/AIDS. Despite campaigns by government and non-government organizations on HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1120)
DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM; Emory University Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Globally, young women are a subgroup with increasing HIV incidence. We evaluated a gender- and culturally-appropriate sexual health promotion program tailored for adolescent females. METHODS: Sexually active African American adolescent females (N=522) completed an assessment based on the Theory of Gender an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1121)
Bhuiya I, Rob U, Khan ME; Population Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ISSUES: There are over thirty million adolescents in Bangladesh . A large majority of them lack information on sexuality, contraception, STIs/HIV/AIDS. Parents, teachers, community leaders, health care providers, and religious leaders are non-supportive of adolescents acquiring reproductive health(RH) information and s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrF1122)
Stamenkova R, Georgieva D; Bulgarian Family Planning Association (member of International Planned Parenthood Federation - European Network), Sofia, Bulgaria
ISSUES: The multisectorial and interdisciplinary approach has substantial importance for the successful design, implementation and realization of HIV/AIDS prevention programmes. The idea of networking - on one side between NGOs, and on the other between the three sectors is relatively new for Bulgaria and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1035)
Luchini S, Duran S, Souteyran Y, Moatti JP; CNRS-INSERM U379, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: Decrease in prices of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is a prerequisite for scaling up access to ARV treatments in Developing Countries (DC). However, low differential pricing in favour of DC is often suspected to threaten innovation at international level. OBJECTIVES: To identify determinants of current variabi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1035a)
Orsi F, Coriat B, Weinstein O; CEPN-IDEE CNRS Research Unit 7115, University of Paris XIII and INSERM Research Unit 379, University of Aix-Marseille II, Paris, France
The paper is based on an ongoing research project sponsored by the French ANRS (National Agency for Research on AIDS). Its central purpose is to question the sustainability of the TRIPS agreement in light of the recent events that have ended with the new provisions bargained in the WTO conference held in Doha, and to e
BACKGROUND: Since 2000 both proprietary and generic companies have offered reduced prices of antiretrovirals in some developing countries. Although this has led to some increased access, drugs are still out of reach for the majority of patients. METHODS: We compared the effectiveness of three strategies to increase acc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1038)
Kraisintu K, Eksaengsri A; Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
ISSUES: Thailand ,out of a total population of 62 million,about 1.2 million people are infected with HIV. There are 30,000 to 50,000 new AIDS cases each year. As a result of successful prevention campaign, the incidence of newly HIV infected has stabilized. Now, Thailand is moving into a more mature phase of the epid
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1079)
Srithanaviboonchai K, Leusaree T, Lo YR, Sennun R, Natpratan C; Office of Communicable Disease Control Region10, Chiang Mai, Thailand
ISSUES: Community advisory boards were involved in planning and implementing Thailand s first HAART program in northern Thailand which supported access to free antiretroviral drug therapy and CD4 count. The goal was to create ownership and improve the effectiveness of the program. DESCRIPTION: Northern Thailand faced t
ISSUE: Despite reduction in prices, it was observed that the HIV/AIDS patients were not accessing anti retroviral drugs although The Mildmay Centre is well equipped to dispense and monitor anti retroviral drugs. A Strategy to increase accessibility to anti retroviral drugs was discussed by the core members of the Inter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1081)
Dhaliwal M, Decho P, Stern C, Cornu C; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
ISSUES: The need for effective HIV-related treatment in resource poor settings is increasing. PLHA play a key role in the provision of effective treatment and care. PLHA need support to address the complex issues of improving access to HIV-related treatment. DESCRIPTION: Using the Handbook on Access to HIV-Related Trea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1082)
Terto Jr. V, Passarelli CA, Parker R, Raxach JC; Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ISSUES: The Brazilian Program on AIDS has obtained notability worldwide due to the universal access to AIDS drugs, to all People Living With AIDS (PLWA). Nevertheless, the universal access guarantee is a continuous process of follow-up and improvement, which depends on the civil society s involvement to uphold the soci
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1083)
Moody K, Lezhentsev K, de la Thorre H, Fernandez E; Medecins Sans Frontiers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ISSUES: Since 1998, Medecins sans Frontieres - Holland (MSF-H) has begun to implement HIV/AIDS programmes in its missions and to campaign to increase access to HIV-related medicines. Historically, MSF-H has been known for the relief work it does and for speaking out on behalf of the populations it treats. Since HIV aff
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1084)
Sierra MA, Bu X, Rosales R, Hernandez A, Pineda R, Gonzales R, Fernandez JA; Universidad Nacional, Tegucigalpa MDC, Honduras
ISSUES: Honduras continue to report more than 50% of all AIDS cases in Central America. AIDS is the first cause of mortality in persons 15-49 years of age. Access to treatment has not been possible based on economic constraints and lack of political commitment. DESCRIPTION: In 1999 a special law for HIV/AIDS was oficia
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1123)
Malkin I, Elliott R, Gold J; University of Melbourne (Faculty of Law), Melbourne, Australia
ISSUES: Safe injection facilities (SIFs) are needed in Canada , at least on a trial basis, to reduce harms caused by injection drug use (IDU) and counter-productive drug policies and to promote the well-being of both drug users and communities. We examined legal issues raised by SIFs and present recommendations for a l
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1124)
Lazzarini Z, Burris S, Case P, Abrahamson D, Welsh J; University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
ISSUES: Efforts to reduce the spread of HIV and other bloodborne diseases among injection drug users (IDUs) in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union are hampered by poor access to information on laws and policies crucial to drug use and harm reduction. Local public health and harm reduction workers encounter rapid
ISSUES: It appears so much attention is being focused on the heterosexual mode of HIV transmission in Africa, to the neglect of other modes. Recent surveys however reveal that HIV spread among injecting drug users is an emerging problem that requires urgent attention. One way of dealing with the problem is to facilitat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1126)
Gustavo GH, Silvia SS, zquez Acuna Martin MV; Argentinean Harm Reduction Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina
ISSUE: The main goal is to analyse the effects in Argentina of supporting a policy based on the War on Drugs mentality developed by the North American administration during the last twelve years in Drugs and HIV-AIDS epidemics. DESCRIPTION: We will focus on how the argentinean legislation has been and still is influenc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoOrG1127)
Irwanto I;;; University, Jakarta, Indonesia
ISSUES: Incidence of HIV infection through needle sharing among IDU has been increasing significantly (less than 1% of reported total HIV cases in 1999 to over 19% in 2001). Available treatment data also suggests that injecting drug use has increased by at least 300% in the past three years. A recent RAR in 8 cities in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoOrG1128)
Small DP; The Lindesmith Center-Drug Policy Foundation, New York, United States
New York has drug sentencing laws that require long mandatory prison terms for those convicted of possession and/or sale of even small amounts of drugs. Despite the central role that drug addiction has played in the spread of HIV/AIDS, there has been little increase in resources to address the problem. The failure to p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3001)
Lapidot A, Litovchick A, Kalinkovich A, Borkow G; Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
BACKGROUND: The importance of developing novel anti-HIV compounds that interact with several stages of viral replication is resistance to multi-target inhibitors that would necessitate multiple mutations. We have recently designed a novel HIV-1-Tat inhibitor/antagonist, the hexa-arginine-Neomycin B conjugate (NeoR) (Bi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3002)
Pustowka A, Landersz M, Dietz J, Dietrich U; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, Frankfurt, Germany
BACKGROUND: Specific interactions between proteins and RNA play an important role in regulatory processes and are therefore an attractive target for molecular interventions. The specificity of the interaction is influenced by the three-dimensional structure of the RNA. Phage displayed peptide libraries were screened wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3003)
Huang PL, Zhang L, Huang PL, Lee-Huang S; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Sensitive and accurate detection of differential expression of host cell genes following HIV-1 infection would provide valuable information for viral-host cell interactions. We used cDNA microarrays to characterize gene expression profiles associated with HIV-1 infection and antiviral treatment, to define m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3004)
Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Gregis GP, Quinzan GP, Arici C, Ripamonti D, Goglio A, Suter F; Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
BACKGROUND: In highly pre-treated subjects, the use new drugs is often an impossible option and care-givers are often forced to use drugs toward which the patient s virus is poorly sensitive or resistant. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, pilot study was performed in patients failing therapy because of a multi-drug r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3005)
DeJesus E, Oritz R, Anderson RT; IDC Research Initiative, Altamonte Springs, United States
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir DF (TFV) was approved by the FDA on October 26, 2001 as the first nucleotide analogue for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. As of today, there have been no reports on the use of TFV in private practice. We sought to reveal the type of patients (pts) in whom TFV was used as an anti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3006)
de la Rosa R, Rubio A, Leal M, Vallejo A, Abad MA, Ruiz-Mateos E, Asencio R, nchez-Quijano A, Lissen E; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio. Grupo Estudio Hepatitis Virica y SIDA, 41013 Seville, Spain
BACKGROUND: HAART regimens not containing PI have been proved to be effective to decreased viremia levels. However, as described for PIs, these patients might present a residual plasma viremia replication that might develop the appearance of resistance associated mutation to the present treatment. This study was design
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3007)
Rodriguez de la Concepcion ML, Iglesias R, Yubero P, Domingo JC, Domingo P, Villarroya F, Giralt M; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs) contribute to the highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced lipodystrophy. Human adipose depots contain remnant brown adipocytes widespread among white adipocytes and their relative abundance is different depending on the a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3008)
Muys JM, Lippens J, Hamelin B, Richard A, Ren C, Ba PN, Bethell R;;; Shire BioChem Inc., Laval, Canada
BACKGROUND: SPD-756, a new purine analogue, has promising efficacy against wild type and drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 without apparent in vitro toxicity. Resistance to SPD-756 emerges slowly in vitro and the variants show low resistance to SPD-756 and to other marketed nucleoside analogues. Nucleoside analogues requ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3009)
De la Torre J, Prada JL, Arco AD, Morales J, Pena D, Nuno E;;; Grupo Malagueno de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Malaga, Spain
BACKGROUND: A simplification strategy switching from protease inhibitors (PI) to nevirapine (NEV) has been successfully attempted in clinical studies, principally in patients with metabolic disorders o hard antiretroviral regimens. Our goals are analyze the efficacy and safety of a PI spa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoPeA3010)
Ferguson MR, von Lindern JJ, Han X, Rojo DR, Shell L, O'Brien WA; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States
BACKGROUND: Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor mutations selected by zidovudine (ZDV) can also affect sensitivity to stavudine ( d4T ), but may not be associated with resistance to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoPeA3011)
Garcia-Perez J, Sanchez-Palomino S, Beltran M, Alcami J; Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND. It has been suggested that in patients with low or moderate level of resistance in phenotypic tests, an increase in plasma drug levels above the IC90 could be efficient in the control of viral replication. However, as phenotypic resistance tests are performed in cell lines an important question is if inhibi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoPeA3012)
Comegna M, Ossenkopp J, Sanchez M, Castro J, Marin ME, Guzman MA;;; Daniela Chappard, Caracas, Venezuela
BACKGROUND: PI regimen have been associated with side effects including dislipidemia,DM and lipodystrophy. Large burden of pills and GI disturbance reduce adherence. Non nucleoside, have emerged as an alternative. Virologic and immunologic response to these agents seem to be equivalent to PI METHODS: Case-cohort retros
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3013)
Barreiro P, Camino N, de Mendoza C, Nunez M, Martin-Carbonero L, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V; Service of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: The pharmacokinetic profile of PI is improved significantly by adding low doses of rit. The use of rit-boosted PI allows to reduce pill burden, improves dosing schedules, and enhances drug exposure, which has been associated with a greater benefit of antiretroviral therapy. A comparison between the safety a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3014)
Bucher HC, Taffe P, Furrer HJ, Telenti A, Hirschel B, Weber R, Bernasconi E, Vernazza P, Minder C, Battegay M, Bichsel M; Basel Instite for Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
OBJECTIVE: There is insufficient data from controlled studies that analyzed the response to dual protease inhibitor (PI) therapy with ritonavir plus saquinavir compared to single protease inhibitor therapies among PI-naive HIV-1 infected individuals.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3015)
Goujard C, Legrand M, Mentre F, Duval X, Peytavin G, Diquet B, Taburet AM; Medecine Interne - Hopital Bicetre, Bicetre, France
Intrapatient and interindividual variabilities are high. These data obtained in a homogeneous population with sustained virological efficacy will help to determine target concentrations for drug monitoring.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3016)
Lichterfeld M, hrmann A, Schmeisser N, Faetkenheuer G, Sauerbruch T, Rockstroh JK; University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
BACKGROUND: The simultaneous administration of low-dose ritonavir and a second protease inhibitor can result in beneficial pharmacokinetic interactions that allow BID drug administration while maintaining a higher drug trough concentration. In the present study, we retrospectively compared virological responses of low-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3017)
de mendoza C; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/ ritonavir ( Kaletra ) is the latest available protease inhibitor (PI). It has shown greater potency than the former PIs in phase II/III trials, either in naive or in PI-experienced patients being naive for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3018)
Kaplan AH, Everitt L, Choudhury S, Pettit SC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND. The protease (PR) of HIV-1 is translated as part of the GagPol precursor and is only active as a dimer. The initial steps in virus assembly include the dimerization of these precursors which result in the activation of the protease. We have completed a mutational analysis of the PR dimer interface (DI) and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3019)
Bermejo M, Usan L, Alcami J; Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: The dynamics of viral replication at the cellular level has not been studied in experimental systems and has only been estimated after mathematic modeling. We have developed efficient transfection systems of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Using this technology a whole provirus can be transfecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3020)
Domingo P, Sambeat MA, Arroyo JA, Carnice MJ, Fontanet A, Nomdedeu FX, Arroyo JA, Cadafalch J, Orellana I, Gurgui M, Vazquez G;;; Hospital de St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: It is known that HIV-1 protease inhibitors bear lymphocytic antiapoptotic activity Aim of the study: to compare antiapoptotic activities of indivanir and nevirapine-based combination aniretroviral regimes over peripheral blood lymphocytes Patients and methdos: Patients were included in a randomized starting
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3021)
Lee DJ, Victoria JG, McDougall BR, RobinsonJr. WE; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV integrase (IN) catalyzes the covalent joining of the HIV viral cDNA genome into the host chromosome. Chicoric acid (CA) is one of the most potent IN inhibitors yet described; however, its mechanism of antiviral activity has been the subject of some controversy. Computer modeling and mutations that confe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3022)
Jiang S, Zhao Q, Ernst JT, Hamilton AD, Debnath AK; New York Blood Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 gp41 N- and C-peptides can interact with each other to form six-helix bundle, corresponding to the fusion-active gp41 core structure. Any compound that disrupts the six-helix bundle formation may inhibit HIV-1 fusion. METHODS: 1) a sandwich ELISA using a conformation-specific monoc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3023)
Vzorov AN, Dixon DW, Trommel JS, Marzilli LG, Compans RW; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology Emory University, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND. One promising approach to prevent the transmission of HIV-1 is to identify microbicides which, when applied topically, can directly interact with HIV-1 virions to inactivate infectivity METHODS. For assays we used an epithelial HeLa-CD4 cell line with an integrated LTR-beta-galactosidase gene. RESULTS. We e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3024)
Cuevas MT, Villahermosa ML, Carmona R, rez-Alvarez L, Medrano L, Thomson MM, zquez de Parga E, Delgado E, Sierra M, Cuevas L, jera R; Instituto de Salud Carlos III. CNBF. Patogenia Viral, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
OBJECTIVES: a) To study the presence of resistance mutations to fusion inhibitors in HIV-1 from patients pretreated with HAART. b) To analyse the variability of the different functional regions of the gp 41 sequence. Patients: From a total sample of 200 patients, we have analyzed the first 65 individuals. 32 patients w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3025)
Salzwedel K, Castillo A, Hritz D, Kilgore NR, Allaway GP, Wild CT;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, 209 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Fusion inhibitors are a promising new class of HIV therapeutics that target the first step of virus replication, entry into the host cell. Most prototypic fusion inhibitors are peptide or protein-based therapeutics that are expensive to manufacture and difficult to administer. Here we describe the developme
BACKGROUND: T-20 is a lead compound of a new class of antiretroviral drugs called fusion inhibitors. Resistance-associated mutations to T-20 have been described in vitro: G36S and V38M, and other combinations of the tripeptide motif involving residues 36, 37 and 38 located in the heptad repeat 1 domain of gp41. Other m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3027)
Bukrinsky M, Iordanskiy S, Lint CV; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated recently that the binding subunit of pertussis toxin (PTX-B) is a potent anti-HIV agent. PTX-B inhibits infection by both R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains by suppressing the entry and post-entry events in HIV-1 replication. While the effect of PTX-B on HIV-1 entry was shown to involve CCR5 d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3028)
Dinauer N, Lochmann D, Demirhan I, Chandra A, Zimmer A, von Briesen H;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/M., Germany
BACKGROUND: Antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODN) show great potential as gene-specific, non-toxic therapy for a wide variety of diseases including viral infections such as HIV-1. However, their application is often limited due to the poor cellular uptake and stability of AS-ODN. To overcome these obstacles we formed nan
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3029)
Vicenzi E, Oreste P, Zoppetti G, Poli G; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND. HIV-1 entry in CD4+ cells represents a main target for developing novel antiretroviral agents. During the early phases of HIV infection, virions can interact with soluble polyanions and heparan sulfate proteoglycans exposed on the cell surface via the V3 loop region of gp120 Env. Here we have investigated t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3030)
Wild CT, Kilgore NR, Reddick MS, Salzwedel KD, Turpin JA, Kashiwada Y, Lee KH, Smith PC, Martin DE, Allaway GP; Panacos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: PA-457 is a betulinic acid derivative that inhibits HIV-1 replication with nM IC50, by a novel mechanism of action. The compound s potential for development was examined by analyzing: (1) In vitro activity against primary HIV-1 isolates; (2) Mechanism of action; (3) Disposition/pharmacokinetics in rats. MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3031)
Alce TM, Popik W, Pitha PM; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Baltimore, United States
The receptor complex essential for human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) attachment and entry is composed of CD4 and a chemokine coreceptor. T cell tropic HIV-1 uses CD4 and not CXCR4 to induce signal transduction pathways that augment viral replication. Binding of virus to surface CD4 rapidly induces association
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3032)
Gori A, Trabattoni D, Bandera A, Saresella M, Fossatti S, Marchetti G, Rhodes J, Luzzeri D, Meroni L, Villa ML, Franzetti F, Moroni M, Mcdade H, Ferrante P, Thomas N, Bray D, Clerici M; Inst Inf Dis Univ Milano, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND: The safety of Tucaresol, a novel immunomodulant, was tested in a pilot phase I/II trial involving 21 HIV-1 infected patients. Quantitative and qualitative immune parameters were evaluated as well at different time points. METHODS: A dose-escalation protocol was used in this study: 25 mg single dose, 25 mg q
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3033)
White KL, Margot NA, Petropoulos CJ, Wrin T, Naeger LK, Miller MD;;; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 RT mutations K65R and M184V result in susceptibility changes to several NRTIs. K65R viruses show decreased susceptibility to tenofovir , ddI , abacavir , and DXG (me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3034)
Petroni A, Deluchi G, Pereda G, Castro R, Garberi JC, Benetucci JA; Fundacion de Ayuda al Inmunodeficiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: mutations conferring fitness impairment to highly mutated Protease (PR), resistant to protease inhibitors (PI), were described in the gag cleavage sites (GCS) p7/p1 (A431V) and p1/p6 (L449F) from subtype B viruses. In Argentina , about the half of the circulating strains are B/F recombinant virus (RecBF)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3035)
Tarin M, de Oliveiro T, Bishop K, Smith A, Madurai L, Cassol S; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In preparation for the introduction of an ARV treatment program, we have characterized the RT and PR of treatment-naive persons. METHODS: HIV-1 RNA was sequenced using the Viroseq system (ABI) and analysed for resistance, signature patterns (VESPA), biologically significant sites (Prosite) and selection pre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3036)
Ristola M, Liitsola K, Lehtola-Vanhanen L, Sutinen J, Zetterberg V, Suni J, Salminen MO; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 (RT) causing resistance to non-nucleoside RT-inhibitors (NNRTI) occur naturally in HIV-1 group O (AG98G and Y181C) and subtype J (V108I). In the HIVNET012 study the prevalence of non-B subtypes is likely to be high, and the Y181C mutation was the most common m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3037)
Plana M, Lopalco L, Garcia F, Ortiz GM, Maleno MJ, Garcia A, Mestre G, Miro JM, Nixon DF, Gil C, Cruceta A, Arnedo M, Pumarola T, Alcami J, Lisziewicz J, Lori F, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: to study the effect of hydroxyurea (HU) versus HU plus ART on HIV-1 specific neutralizing antibodies activity (NA), CTL and helper responses (LPR) after cycles of STI. METHODS: 20 CHI patients (CD4+ > 500/mm3, BVL > 5000 c/ml) treated with D4T+ 3TC +IND for 52 weeks were randomized to D4T+DDI+IND
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3038)
Sereti I, Metcalf J, Hallahan CW, Davey RT, Hengel R, Kovacs JA, Lane HC;;; NIAID, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: Intermittent IL-2 administration in HIV+ patients leads to a sustained expansion of the CD4 T cell pool that is preferential for naive cells and cells expressing CD25. The functional characteristics of these expanded CD4+/CD25+ T cells were studied in a cohort of IL-2+HAART treated patients. METHODS: Immuno
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3039)
Sukeepaisarncharoen W, Churdboonchart V, Chandeying V, Isarangkura Na Ayudthya B, Kulpradist S, Rugpao S, Sirawaraporn W; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
OBJECTIVE: To determine the CD4+ cell responses, the duration of sustained CD4+ cell count above baseline and the delayed clinical progression to AIDS in asymptomatic HIV+ Thai volunteers treated with Remune monotherapy over 132 weeks. METHODS: 223 subjects with CD4 cell counts >300 cells/mm3, previously enrolled in th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3040)
Carbonneil CA, Cardinaud S, Langlade-Demoyen P, Weiss L; INSERM U430, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that DC differentiated from monocytes of HIV seronegative individuals, in the presence of GM-CSF and IFN alpha (GM/IFN DC) produced IL-12 and IL-10 and were capable of inducing CD8 response to HIV lipopeptides thus exhibiting functional characteristics of type 1 DC. METHODS: In th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. MoPeA3041)
Reading CL, Khoury G, Giese T, Frincke JM; Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
METHODS: Inflammatory gene expression in PBMC from 24 HIV-infected individuals was analyzed by RT-LightCycler PCR before and after s.c. injection of HE2000 or placebo. Transcript levels were normalized to 2 housekeeping genes. RESULTS: HIV+ subjects had significantly (p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3042)
Goncalves J, Aires F, Freitas-Vieira A, Santa-Marta M, Malho R, Yang X, Gabuzda D, Barbas III C; URIA -- Centro de Patogenese Molecular, Faculdade de Farmacia, University of Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encoded Vif protein is important for viral replication and infectivity. Vif is a cytoplasmic protein that can interfere with viral assembly by unknown mechanisms, enhancing viral infectivity. The action of Vif is most likely indirect and is essential for the compl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3043)
Gay W, Negre D, Vaslin B, Cosset FL, Thiebot H, Derdouch-Kielbowicz S, Lauret E, Dormont D, Grand RL; CEA FAR, Fontenay aux Roses, France
OBJECTIVE: To compare in vitro efficacy of a SIV-derived vector to transduce primate bone marrow hematopoietic cells obtained from healthy or SIVmac251infected macaques. Materials and methods: CD34+ cells were immuno-purified (clone 563, Dynal, Norway ) from bone marrow of healthy (n = 12) or SIVmac251-infected (n = 13
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3044)
Alfano M, Lapenta C, Spada M, Poli G, Belardelli F; Dibit, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: B-oligomer of pertussis toxin (PTX-B) has been shown to inhibit in vitro and ex-vivo HIV infection in primary T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages and viral expression in cytokine-stimulated chronically infected U1 cells. In addition, PTX-B has shown to protect mice from murine experimental autoimmune e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3045)
Kish TM, Ward MG, Welsh PA, Budgeon LR, Wigdahl B, Howett MK; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
BACKGROUND: Viable human genital epithelium with intact mucosal immune cell populations are presumed permissive tissue targets for HIV-1 infection and replication. METHODS: Our laboratory has developed a human vaginal xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice that histologically and cytochemically resembles the features of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3046)
Shchelkunov SN, Nesterov AE, Ryazankin IA, Kochneva GV, Ignatyev GM, Subbotina EL; State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Koltsovo, Russian Federation
The creation of live recombinant vaccines on the basis of vaccinia virus is a perspective direction of development of effective candidate vaccines against HIV because in this case there is a high probability to form balanced humoral and cellular immune responses against target HIV antigens. To increase immune response
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3047)
Moshkoff AE, Zaitsev IZ, Moshkoff DA; Moscow Plant of bacterial prepararions, M, Russian Federation
In the beginning of the ninetieth years we have formulated expediency of application alphaviruses as vectors. Then, having analyzed arguments for and against, we came to a conclusion, that most perspective for creation of an effective vaccine against a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be use replicon of a virus V
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3048)
Malia JA, Eamsila C, Chanbancherd P, Trichavaroj R, Rungruengthanakit K, Benenson M, Gurunathan S, Duliege AM, Heyward W, Sawyer R, McNeil JG, Kim JH, Michael NL; Walter Reed Army Inst of Research, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Candidate HIV vaccines evoke cellular and humoral host immune responses that ideally protect against natural HIV exposure. However, HIV vaccine induced antibody responses may reduce the specificity of HIV diagnostic serology and add significant cost to determining HIV infection status in vaccinees. Study ME
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3050)
Barron MA, Blyveis N, Stubbs AC, Wilson CC; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: In HIV-1-infected individuals, blood myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC) dendritic cells are decreased in number and have altered expression of co-stimulatory molecules, possibly contributing to HIV-1 associated T cell defects. We have shown that whole Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast recombinant for a model
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3051)
Smith D, Daoust M, Gao F, Riddle L, Rodriguez M, Good J, Lee S, Peterson M, Sinangil F, Berman PW; VaxGen, Inc., South San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Virus variation is the greatest challenge in the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. Historically, this problem has been overcome through the creation of multivalent vaccines, containing antigens representative of the major virus serotypes. We have used this approach to develop vaccines against three
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3052)
Shiver JW, Casimiro DR, Fu T, Liang X, Evans RK, Davies M, Bett A, Chastain M, Dubey S, Freed D, Zhang Z, Handt L, Schleif W, Emini E;;; Merck &Co., West Point, United States
BACKGROUND: Substantial research focuses on determining the optimal approaches for eliciting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against viral infection with particular focus on HIV. Gene delivery-based vaccines appear to be the most effective means for accomplishing this goal OBJECTIVE: Compare the ability of sever
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3053)
Hamajima K, Xin K, Okuda K; Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
BACKGROUND: We have developed an HIV-DNA vaccine which can induce HIV-specific immune responses and have demonstrated that immunogenicity of this vaccine depends on the route of immunization. In the present study, we investigated whether rectal, vaginal and percutaneous immunization with the HIV-DNA vaccine can induce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. MoPeA3054)
Shiver JW, Fu T, Mehrotra D, Dubey S, Freed D, Evans T, Steigbigel R, Jacobson J, Mulligan M, Goepfert P, Kalams S, Rinaldo C, Kalinyak C, Coplan P, Thaler S, Emini EA; Merck, West Point, United States
BACKGROUND: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses play a major role in controlling HIV infection. A better understanding of the relationship of CTL with viremia and disease progression will likely facilitate vaccine development. OBJECTIVE: Determine the relative contributions of HIV-1 antigens to the total CTL
