Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1380)
Meyerhans A, Jung A, Maier R, Jung V, Fischer U, Meese E, Bocharov G, Vartanian JP, Wain-Hobson S;;; University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: From a posterori analyses of genetic variation, recombination can only be identified when the parental genomes are distinct. For viruses like HIV-1, this requires the producer cell to be infected by more than one virus, something that has not been readily forthcoming in vivo. METHODS: Fluorescent in situ hy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1381)
Jost S, Bernard MC, Kaiser L, Yerly S, Hirschel B, Goh L, Perrin L;;; Division of Infectious diseases, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: New HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms are increasingly reported. This suggest that co-infection occurs in vivo. Case history A 38 year-old male with an acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) following previous multiple unprotected sexual contacts with male partners was enrolled in the Quest trial (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1382)
Kostrikis LG, Touloumi G, Karanicolas R, Pantazis N, Anastassopoulou C, Karafoulidou A, Goedert J, Hatzakis A;;; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have identified several forms of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral-blood T-cells and lymph nodes in untreated HIV-1-infected individuals and in patients whose plasma HIV-1 RNA load is suppressed by long-term potent antiretroviral therapy. However, it remains to be established whether the concentra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1383)
Farquhar C, Rowland-Jones S, Mbori-Ngacha D, Oyugi J, Lohman B, Otieno P, Ochieng J, John-Stewart G;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: HLA class I and II alleles are determinants of HIV-1 specific CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses. Further characterizing HLAs associated with risk of HIV-1 infection will be important for future epitope-based vaccine development. METHODS: Blood was collected at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months from infants followe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1384)
Arts EJ, Ball SC, Abraha A;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 evolves and migrates through individual hosts, overcoming barriers to transmission and avoiding immune responses. How will this continual evolution and expansion within the human population affect HIV-1 virulence? We have recently shown that ex vivo HIV-1 fitness (or competitive replication efficiency
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1432)
Robinson WE, King PJ, Lee DJ, Reinke RA, Victoria JG;;; University of California, Irvine, United States
BACKGROUND: Culture of HIV with increasing concentrations of L-chicoric acid (L-CA), an inhibitor of integrase (IN), resulted in a single point mutation within IN that conferred resistance of the virus to L-CA. The effects of this mutation on integration and susceptibility to other IN inhibitors were unknown. It was hy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1433)
Loemba HD, Brenner B, Ma'ayan S, Spira B, Moisi D, Oliveira M, Detorio M, Essex M, Wainberg MA;;; McGill University AIDS Centre, LDI, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: To study the potential impact of HIV-1 clade C genetic diversity on emergence of drug resistance. METHODS: The subtype origin of HIV-1 isolates from 9 drug-naive patients from Botswana and 5 from Ethiopia was determined by heteroduplex mobility assays (HMA) of the envelope gene and sequencing of RT and PR r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrA1434)
Perez-Alvarez L, Delgado E, Villahermosa ML, Cuevas MT, Carmona R, Vazquez de Parga E, Medrano L, Thomson MM, Cuevas L, Sierra M, Prieto A, Rodriguez R, Lopez-Alvarez MJ, Ojea de Castro R, Najera R;;; Area de Patogenia Viral. CNBF. Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Majadahonda. Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To study the biological phenotype and amino acid changes in V3 of recombinants and non-B HIV isolates from Galicia. PATIENTS: 40 patients, diagnosed between 1999-2001, infected with different recombinants and non-B HIV subtypes. 72.5% were Spanish. Transmission route: IDU(60.6%), HT(36.8%), HO(2.6%). METHOD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1435)
Jorajuria S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Dormont D, Clayette P;;; CEA, fontenay-aux-roses, France
BACKGROUND: Intracellular concentrations of anti-HIV drugs are determinant for their pharmacological efficacy in peripheral blood as well as in sanctuary sites e.g. lymph nodes and CNS. ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) are reported to limit protease inhib
Int conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1436)
Valentin A, Yarchoan R, Pavlakis GN;;; NCI-Frederick, Frederick, United States
BACKGROUND: We have shown that in addition to T cells, NK cells are persistently infected by HIV, and they can transmit infectious virus. NK cells are known to have a highly active P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pump, a member of the ABC family of transporters associated with therapeutic failure and multidrug resistance. Protea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1479)
Mussini C, Pinti M, Borghi V, Nasi M, Monterastelli E, Troiano L, Moretti L, Amorico G, Esposito R, Cossarizza A;;; Azienda Policlinico, Modena, Italy
Among a population of more than 500 HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we found 6 individuals who experienced a nadir of less than 85 CD4+ cells/µL (range: 11-84), had major opportunistic infections (4 out of 6), started HAART in 1996 or 1997, and showed a rapid and rele
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1480)
Matsushita S, Kimura T, Wang F, Kim J, Koito A, Yoshimura K;;; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
BACKGROUND: Effects of HAART in chronically infected patients, with regard to neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against autologous isolates and a role of such NAbs in patients during viral rebound are poorly understood. METHODS: We investigated the longitudinal change of NAb response against an autologous HIV-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1481)
Valdez H, Lederman MM, Pollard RB, Sahner D, Sevin A, Chan E, Moss R, Estep S, Fox L, Namkung A, Mitsuyasu R, Landay A, Fahey JL;;; Case Western Reserve Center for AIDS Research, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: IL-2 increases the numbers of CD4+ cells in patients with HIV infection. We wished to ascertain whether increasing CD4+ cell numbers would improve antibody responses to immunization. METHODS: ACTG 328 compared CD4 changes in patients treated with HAART +/- IL-2; to qualify patients had to have CD4+ counts
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic vaccine with an inactivated gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen in IFA (REMUNETM) in 243 HIV+ chronically infected subjects while receiving either ART or HAART (ARTs) in a three year, double-blind, placebo (IFA) controlled trial. We determined the impact on viral rebound
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1483)
Gotch FM, Hardy G, Imami N, Sullivan A, Nelson M, Burton C, Lopez JP, Moss R, Gazzard B;;; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Failure of HIV.1 specific CD4 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to re-emerge following successful diminution of plasma viraemia with HAART, has necessitated studies of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. METHODS: A randomised, phase 1 study of HAART with or without IL2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1484)
Napolitano LA, Chien AJ, Hanley MB, Moreno MB, Rivera J, Bare J, Stoddart CA, McCune JM;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology/UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Animal studies indicate that growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in mammalian thymopoiesis, raising the possibility that its administration may be of therapeutic benefit in human immunodeficiency. We previously hypothesized that GH treatment would stimulate thymopoiesis during HIV-1-infection. In a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1385)
Zolopa AR, Lazzeroni LC, Rinehart A, Kuritzkes D;;; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
Introduction: We evaluated genotype interpretations from clinical specimens by an international panel of experts. We tested the ability to predict assayed phenotype, agreement between experts in predicting phenotype, antiretroviral drug activity and consistency of treatment recommendations. METHODS: We randomly selecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1386)
Ruane P, Hernandez J, Richmond G, Williams A, Fralich T, Yau L, Hessenthaler S, Lanier ER;;; Tower ID, LA, United States
BACKGROUND: Resistance testing may improve response in ART-experienced subjects. GT and PT testing have some utility in this setting. We tested the ability of the Virco GT and vPT to predict response to open-label ABC-based therapy in ART-experienced subjects. METHODS: 833 ART-naive and experienced subjects were treate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1387)
Vray M, Meynard JL, Dalban C, Morand-Joubert L, Brun-Vezinet F, Clavel F, Costagliola D, Girard PM;;; Inserm SC4, Paris, France
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predictive of W12 virological response. METHODS: The NARVAL trial was conducted to assess the respective benefit of Phenotype (P),Genotype (G) versus standard of care (SOC) for the choice of antiretroviral therapy in patients failing a PI-containing regimen. Virological success was define
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1388)
Haubrich R, Hellmann N, Keiser P, Kemper C, Witt M, Forthal D, Leedom J, Leibowitz M, Richman D, McCutchan JA, Group CC;;; UCSD, San Diego, United States
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence, associated factors and clinical significance of NNRTI hypersusceptibility (NNRTI-HS).METHODS: Patients without prior NNRTI therapy who were failing (HIV RNA > 400) stable antiretroviral therapy had ViroLogic phenotype assay, HIV RNA, and CD4 cell counts before changing to a new NN
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1389)
Wegner SA, Wallace M, Aronson N, Blazes D, Tamminga C, Fraser S, Dolan M, Stephan K, Jagodzinski L, Vahey M, Tracy L, Graham N, Hertogs K, Birx D;;; US Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Previous short-term studies have shown the benefit of HIV resistance testing for antiretroviral(ARV) management. The impact of resistance testing on long-term clinical outcome has not been assessed. We studied the long-term efficacy of either genotype or phenotype to guide therapy changes in a large cohort
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1390)
Margot NA, Cheng AK, Lu B, Miller MD;;; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies 902 and 907 were placebo-controlled studies evaluating tenofovir DF (TDF) when added to stable regimens in patients (pts) with incomplete HIV RNA suppression. At wk 24, the placebo (PLB) arms crossed over to TDF 300 mg. METHODS: In virology substudies, baseline (BL) plasma HIV genotypes (n=332) and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1437)
Miro JM, Plana M, Garcia F, Ortiz GM, Maleno MJ, Arnedo M, Rio AD, Claramonte X, Garcia A, Joseph J, Pumarola T, Nixon D, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; H. Clinic - Idibaps, Barcelona, Spain
Bakground: To analyze if four cycles of STI can restore HIV-1 specific T-cell responses (CD4+ and CTL) and control HIV-1 replication in patients who started HAART within 90 days after onset of PHI symptoms. METHODS: 12 consecutive patients with sustained viral suppression ( 1 after
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1438)
Garcia F, Plana M, Mestre G, Gil C, Cruceta A, Arostegui JI, Arnedo M, Miro JM, Joseph J, Pumarola T, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Infectious Diseases Unit Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To analyze immunologic and virologic predictors of response to STI in 3 Spanish pilots studies in CHI patients in early stage. METHODS: 44 chronic HIV-1-infected patients were treated with diverse regimens of STI. Plasma and tonsillar tissue VL, lymphocyte immunophenotyping and LPR to mitogens, and specific
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1439)
Parish MA, Tarwater P, Lu M, Raines C, Gallant JE;;; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in treatment interruption (TI) after response to HAART. We present data on 75 patients who stopped HAART and assess predictors of reinitiation (RI) and CD4 decline. METHODS: Patients entered an observational database when the clinician interrupted HAART with the plan to reinitiate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1440)
Krolewiecki AJ, Zala C, Gun A, Ochoa C, Perez H, Bouzas MB, Cassetti I, Cahn P;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: HIV treatment guidelines have evolved to a delayed indication to start therapy. Patients who have started therapy under older guidelines might benefit from treatment discontinuation. Toxicity, cost, quality of life (QOL) and drug preservation are areas where these discontinuations might have an impact. METH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrB1441)
Liuzzi G, D'Offizi G, Topino S, Amendola A, Capobianchi M, Perno CF, Narciso P, Antinori A;;; NIID-L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: The persistence of a reservoir of HIV in genital tract compartment can be considered as an impediment to the long-term control and/or eradication of HIV in infected individuals who are receiving HAART: The pathogenic significance of this reservoir as well as its involvement in the rebound of plasma viremia
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1442)
Poccia F, Montesano C, Gioia C, Amicosante M, Agrati C, Topino S, Narciso P, Ippolito G, Pucillo LP, D'Offizi G;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Since structured antiretroviral treatments (STI) may boost anti-HIV specific immunity, we analysed the influence of STI on CD8 T cell dynamics and HIV viral rebound. METHODS: Twenty-six chronically HIV-1 infected asymptomatic patients with undetectable HIV-RNA plasma during at least two years of HAART were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1391)
Roy E, Haley N, Leclerc P, Cedras L, Boivin JF;;; Montreal Regional Public Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: To identify predictors of HIV seroconversion among Montreal street youth cohort participants. METHODS: This analysis was restricted to participants who were HIV-negative at study entry, recruited between 01/1995 and 03/2000, and had completed at least one follow-up questionnaire by 09/2000. Predictors of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1392)
Stein ES, Evans JL, Page-Shafer K, Hahn JA, Lum PJ, Moss AR;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Young people from injection drug using families are at high risk for injection drug use (IDU) themselves. We looked at family history of injection, risk behaviors, and HIV and HCV prevalence in the UFO Study, a sample of street-recruited injectors under age 30 in San Francisco. Those initiated into injectin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1393)
Strathdee SA, Safaeian M, Doherty M, Garfein RS, Fuller CM, Sherman SG, Ompad DC, Vlahov D;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined correlates of HIV infection among young, newly initiated injection drug users (IDUs). Existing studies have been limited by low study power. We identified correlates of HIV infection among three study waves of young IDUs in Baltimore, USA. METHODS: IDUs aged 18-29 who had first inj
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1394)
Tyndall MW, Spittal P, Li K, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Vancouver has experienced an explosive outbreak of HIV and Hepatitis C infection among injection drug users despite a legal needle exchange. This study was designed to determine how patterns of drug use influence HIV transmission and specifically to measure the impact of intensive injection cocaine use on H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1395)
Celentano DD, Razak MH, Jittiwutikarn J, Srirak N, Vongchak T, Beyrer CC, Rungruenthanakit K, Suriyanon V;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Few prospective studies among drug users have been conducted in Thailand . Prospective cohort studies can establish the temporal sequence of risk factors for HIV infection, monitor trends in incidence and assess changing risks among drug users. METHOD: Since 5/99, HIV negative drug users have been recruited
BACKGROUND: Monitoring risk behavior in HIV vaccine efficacy trials is necessary to identify changing patterns and to formulate prevention messages. In response to reports of injection of midazolam (a sedative), we evaluated its use and association with needle sharing among participants in the AIDSVAX®B/E vaccine ef
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1443)
Cohn DL, Breese PS, Burman WJ, Lopez DL, Barth BL, Rietmeijer CA, Davidson AJ;;; Denver Public Health, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a dramatic effect on HIV-related morbidity and mortality, but there are concerns that the benefits of HAART may be waning because of drug resistance, side effects, and nonadherence. We evaluated the incidence of selected opportunistic illnesses
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1444)
Pezzotti P, Dorrucci M, Sinicco A, Angarano G, Zazzara M, Mazzarello G, Cusini M, Rezza G;;; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the risk of progressing to death and AIDS by calendar period and by age at seroconversion, exposure category, and gender, before and after the introduction of HAART. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study (Italian Seroconversion Study) of HIV-infected persons with an estimated date of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1445)
Vlahov D, Galai N, Bareta JC, Cohn S, Galea S, Sterling T, Margolick JB;;; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), survival of HIV infected persons has increased substantially. At the same time, more aggressive treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections (OI) also occurred. We evaluated the survival difference attributable to HAART among i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1446)
Dore GJ, McDonald A, Li Y, Kaldor J, Brew B;;; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to determine the effect of introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on survival following AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC). METHODS: Australian AIDS notification data over the period 1993-2000 was examined. Analyses were based on all initial AIDS illnesses. In order to examine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1447)
King SM, Forbes J, Singer J, Lapointe N, Samson L, Embree J, Vaudry W;;; Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To determine the cumulative survival and factors affecting survival among perinatally HIV-infected children in Canada . METHODS: The Canadian Perinatal HIV surveillance program, started in 1992, is an active surveillance program in which pediatric centres and HIV clinics, where HIV-exposed or HIV-infected i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1448)
Hubert JB, Rouzioux C, Boufassa F, Delfraissy JF, Meyer L; Inserm Unite 292, Service d'Epidemiologie, CHU de Kremlin-Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
BACKGROUND: It has been recently suggested to revise downwards recommendations for viral load (VL) thresholds to initiate HAART in women. We investigated whether men and women have a similar risk of progression at an equal level of VL 1) during the natural course of the infection, 2) after initiation of HAART. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1485)
Isingo R, Urassa M, Kishamawe C, Knoops E, Voeten H, Mwaluko G, Boerma T, Zaba B;;; TANESA, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Mobility facilitates sexual mixing and is considered a key risk factor in the spread of HIV, but few studies assess incidence effects. Data from a longitudinal community-based study in Kisesa ward, Mwanza region are used to measure its direct contribution to HIV infection. METHODS: Socio-demographic charact
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1486)
Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss JK, Weiss NS;;; UNIM Project, Kisumu, Kenya
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence linking lack of male circumcision with elevated risk of HIV-1. Male circumcision has thus been suggested as a possible strategy to control the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Others, however, have felt that available evidence is not sufficient to justify such a recommendatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrC1487)
Pilcher CD, Tien H, Vernazza PL, Stewart P, Chakraborty H, Eron JJ, Cohen MS;;; UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Non-human primate studies suggest a parallel relationship between semen and blood viral load over time during acute HIV infection. We hypothesized a similar pattern would hold in humans. METHODS: We measured concurrent blood and semen HIV RNA concentrations from 32 individuals with acute HIV (+RNA, -HIV Ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1488)
Bulterys M, Wiener J, Nesheim S, Lindsay M, Palumbo P, Abrams E, Vink P, Fowler MG;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: In the United States (U.S.), much progress has been made towards the goal of maximally reducing perinatal HIV transmissions. However, infants born preterm remain an important risk group. METHODS: The Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS) is a cohort study conducted in 4 U.S. cities. HIV-in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1489)
van der Straten A, Pettifor A, Dunbar M, Chipato T, Padian N;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Early age of coital debut and older male partners (intergenerational sex) may be risk factors that partially explain the high rates of HIV infection among young women in sub Saharan Africa. METHODS: Using data from a longitudinal study examining the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in Zim
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1490)
Inion I, Mwanyumba F, Gaillard P, Chohan V, Verhofstede C, Claeys P, Mandaliya K, Marck EV, Temmerman M;;; University of Gent, Belgium and Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya, Belgium
BACKGROUND: Placental malaria might increase HIV1 transmission by inducing an enhanced HIV1 viral load in the placenta and by disrupting the integrity of placenta and membranes. In this study we assess 1) the prevalence of placental malaria in HIV1 infected and HIV1 non-infected patients, 2) the role of placental malar
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrD1397)
Sasse A, Vincent A, Galand M;;; Medecins sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium
BACKGROUND: Specialised HIV testing site providing anonymous testing in Belgium . Material and methods: The HIV testing site of Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) is located in the centre of Brussels and provides free and anonymous HIV testing along with pre- and post-test counseling since 1989. When necessary a psychologi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1398)
Lansky A, Drake A, Sullivan PS;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Voluntary counseling and testing is a key factor in HIV prevention. We describe prevalence of and reasons for failing to return for HIV test results among three populations at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: The HIV Testing Survey (HITS) was a cross-sectional study conducted in 7 areas of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1399)
Montgomery ET, Kropp R, Hill DW, Ruiz J, Maldonado YA;;; Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: In response to US Public Health Service recommendations to reduce maternal-child transmission of HIV, California enacted a State law in 1996 mandating: 1) the universal offering of an HIV test to all women in prenatal care (PNC), 2) documentation of this offer in the medical record; and 3) a discussion of t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1400)
Strauss SM, Jarlais DC, Vassilev ZP, Astone J;;; NDRI, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Drug treatment programs are uniquely situated to provide drug users with HIV counseling and testing, but not all types of programs make testing available to their patients. While some organizational and institutional factors associated with HIV counseling and testing in outpatient drug treatment programs ha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1401)
Rasmussen H, Chen M, Myrick R, Truax S;;; Department of Health Services, Office of AIDS, Sacramento, United States
BACKGROUND: In 1996, the California State Office of AIDS (OA) began implementing an innovative statewide HIV counseling and testing (C&T) referral initiative (NIGHT) targeting high-risk populations. Through the use of mobile vans, NIGHT offers street outreach in geographic locations frequented by high-risk individu
BACKGROUND: TB and HIV are causing a major combined epidemic. There is considerable momentum to tackle them together by linking HIV counselling and care with TB prevention and treatment. METHODS: Combined HIV/TB pilot sites were set up in Lusaka in conjunction with government and NGO health providers. Access to care wa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1426)
Renjifo B, Vitamin and HIV Study Group TZ, Gilbert P, Chaplin B, Msamanga G, Mwakagile D, Fawzi W, Essex M;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, United States Territory
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 subtype C has become the most prevalent subtype in the HIV pandemic, accounting for the majority of all circulating subtypes in the world and the most devastating epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa. In a large mother to child transmission (MTCT) cohort in Tanzania , we described that mothers infected wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1427)
Taha TE, Kumwenda N, Gibbons A, Hoover D, Fiscus S, Lema V, Liomba G, Broadhead R;;; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that a combined regimen of oral NVP and Zidovudine (ZDV) given directly to the newborn alone could reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. METHODS: An open-label randomized clinical trial is in progress in Blantyre, Malawi .
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1428)
Dabis F, Leroy V, Bequet L, Ekouevi DK, Viho I, Horo A, Timite-Konan M, Welffens-Ekra C;;; Unite Inserm 330, Universite Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: In Africa, short regimens of monotherapy of either zidovudine (ZDV) or nevirapine (NVP) have demonstrated their efficacy for PMTCT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of a short regimen of ZDV + NVP for peripartum PMTCT. METHODS: A non randomized therapeutic cohort in Abidj
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1429)
Peters VB, Thomas P, Liu KL, Gill B, Dominguez KL, Frederick T, Melville S, Hsu H, Orengo JC, Rakusan T, The Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Consortium PS;;; New York City, Department of Health, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: We describe trends in perinatal HIV prevention methods, transmission rates, and the contribution of missed opportunities of prevention in infants enrolled in CDC s Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (PSD). METHODS: We analyzed data from infant medical records on 5,054 HIV-exposed deliveries, 1996-00,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1430)
Chaovarindr U, Chalermchokcharoenkit A, Asavapiriyanont S, Sirimai K, Culnane M, Teeraratkul A, Simonds RJ, Tappero JW;;; Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Introduction: At Rajavithi and Siriraj Hospitals in Bangkok, standard practice for preventing mother-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) includes voluntary counseling and HIV testing for all pregnant women, and short-course zidovudine (ZDV) twice daily from 34-36 weeks gestation, 4 weeks of infant ZDV, and infant formula.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1431)
de Zoysa I, Sweat M, Schmid G, O'Reilly K, Denison J;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: WHO advocates a 3-prong strategy to reduce mother to child HIV transmission: (1) preventing HIV among women, especially young women (2) preventing unintended pregnancies in HIV-infected women, and (3) preventing transmission from an HIV-infected woman to her infant. Nevirapine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1449)
Wolf K, Young J, Taffe P, Flepp M, Furrer HJ, Telenti A, Hirschel B, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Rickenbach M, Bucher HC;;; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Sexual contact is the major mode of HIV transmission worldwide. Increased sexual risk taking has been reported in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We evaluated the sexual risk behaviour of individuals in the SHCS in relation to antiretroviral therapy (ART), resp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1450)
Elford J, Bolding G, Sherr L;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To examine whether HIV optimism (ie optimism in the light of new HIV drug therapies) can account for the recent increase in high risk sexual behaviour among gay men in London. METHODS: Gay men (n=2938) using central London gyms were asked to complete anonymous self-administered questionnnaires in 1998, 1999
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1451)
Sgombich X, Souteyrand Y, Damianovic N, Arredondo A, Dore V, Henriquez A; NOUS Investigacion &Asesoria, Santiago de Chile, Chile
BACKGROUND: Since 1997 Chile has been scaling up access to antiretroviral multitherapies (ARV). Impact of enlarging access to treatment on preventive behaviors is a major issue. We compare sexual and preventive behaviors of people treated (PWT) and untreated (PNT) with ARV. METHODS: A random sample of 800 PLWHIV (161 w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1452)
Prudhomme J, Msellati P, Souville M, Moatti JP;;; Observatoire regional de la sante, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: Few data are available in Africa on the impact of antiretroviral treatment on risk behaviors among HIV-infected patients. We aimed to identify factors associated with sexual risky behaviours among HIV-infected patients who consult for HIV in Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1453)
Stolte IG, Wit de JB, Dukers NH, Coutinho RA;;; Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Optimistic treatment beliefs occurring due to availability of HAART are known to be associated with increased sexual risk behaviour among homosexual men (HM). However, these findings are based on cross sectional studies, where causality is not clear. This study therefore prospectively investigated the assoc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1454)
Miller ML, Schilder AJ, Buchner CS, Martindale SL, Chan K, Craib KJ, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS, Spittal P;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Introduction: HAART optimism or HIV optimism is the concern expressed by some health care practitioners that the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy may be linked to a resurgence of risk behaviour. New statistical findings from our cohort, however, indicate that only a minority of gay & bisexual men wa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1491)
van de Ven P, Prestage G, Rawstorne P, Nakamura T, Crawford J, Kippax S, Grulich A;;; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: To examine trends and factors associated with non-condom use among gay men in Sydney. METHODS: Biannual cross-sectional surveys using self-complete questionnaires distributed at Fair Days, social and sex-on-premises venues, and clinics from 1996 to 2001. Data were annualised. Practices were assessed in the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1492)
Beltzer N, Chauveau J, Gremy I;;; ORS Ile-de-France, Paris, France
Aids KABP (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practises) surveys have been performed regularly in France since 1992. A Ten-year follow-up in condom use among heterosexuals is therefore available in France to measure the impact on condom use of information and aids prevention campaigns towards HIV infection. A national t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1493)
Holtgrave DR, Crosby RA, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Gayle JA;;; Emory University Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Social capital includes trust, reciprocity and cooperation among community members working together to achieve common goals; it has been correlated with public health variables including violence and mortality. However, the relationship between social capital and infectious diseases has received little atte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrD1494)
Patil P, Bishai D, Rakai Project Group R;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: The current HIV/AIDS research and prevention paradigm in dominated by the study of individual risk factors. Recent literature suggests the importance of re-focusing on contextual and social influences on individual level HIV risk behaviors and status. This study examined the influences of community level me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1495)
Matos TD, Robles RR, Marrero CA, Reyes JC, Colon HM;;; Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
BACKGROUND: The association between alcohol use and HIV risk behaviors remains unclear. This study examined if alcohol use is associated with both injection and sex risk behaviors among IDUs. METHODS: A total of 555 IDUs not currently in a treatment program were recruited between 1998-2000 in a suburban area in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1496)
Tumuhairwe E, Baryarama F, Bunnell R, Mubangizi J, Kalule J, Mermin J, Hitimana-Lukanika C, Ransom R;;; AIDS Information Centre, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: The AIDS Information Centre (AIC), has been providing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) to both individuals and couples since 1990. 75% of couples with at least one HIV-infected member are discordant. Although AIC has been promoting VCT for couples, the majority (77%) of clients still present as indiv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1403)
Peres CA, Peres RA, da Silveira F, Paiva V, Hearst N;;; Sao Paulo State STD/AIDS Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Incarcerated adolescents are at extremely high social risk and in some settings have high HIV prevalence. Little is known, however, about how these adolescents compare to their peers in AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior. Mehtods: In 1998, 276 boys were randomly selected from the FEBEM juvenile de
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1404)
Miller KS, Wyckoff SC, Whitaker DJ, Forehand RL, Armistead LP, Kotchick BA, Long N, Shaffer A, Murry VM, Kelly A, Jackson LC;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Signs of sexual awareness are evident in pre-teens. METHODS: The first 345 of 1200 pre-teens (9-12 years of age) enrolled in a longitudinal, community based, US intervention trial of families in the Southeastern US, were surveyed about sexual thoughts, intentions and behaviors. RESULTS: When asked how many
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1405)
Mshana G, Wamoyi J, Plummer M, Wight D, Ross D, Salamba Z;;; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Young people s perceptions of HIV and AIDS in rural Africa have rarely been explored. METHODS: 20 HIV positive, 3 pregnant and 49 randomly selected primary school pupils participated in in-depth interviews. A series of 3-4 focus group discussions were held with a male and a female group of young people in e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1406)
Wood KM;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Despite the seriousness of the HIV epidemic in their midst and their witnessing of AIDS-related deaths among peers, South African youth continue to adopt safer sexual practices only erratically. This paper seeks to take analysis beyond narrow, individualistic explanations which focus on attitudes towards co
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1407)
Zungu NG;;; University, Durban, South Africa
ISSUES: Despite the high level of HIV/ AIDS awareness in South Africa (90%+), in 2001 the Medical Research Council of South Africa (MRC) reported about 4, 1 million out of 40 million people are living with HIV/ AIDS in the country - and this translates to give a ratio of 1:10. Besides, the MRC projects that the cumulat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1408)
Salazar XS, rate MR, Maiorana AM, Coates TC, ceres CC;;; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: Young people constitute a frequently studied group in sexual health. In most studies, the rule has been to regard them as a homogeneous group defined by developmental stages, and to see their problems as inherent to youth, rather than as a result of structural vulnerability. METHODS: In an ethnographic stud
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1421)
Attaran A;;; Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, United States
ISSUES: Recent research (Attaran et al, 2001, JAMA 286:1886-1892) has demonstrated that for low income countries, the barrier to antiretroviral treatment is not often the existence of patents. In a pairwise comparison of 53 African countries and 15 antiretroviral drugs, patents exist in only 21.6% of cases, such that 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1422)
Kraisintu K;;; Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
ISSUES: In the Resolution WHO Medicines Strategy (WHA54.11), the World Health Assembly recognizes the efforts of Members States to expand access to drugs and promote domestic industry, cooperate constructively in strengthening pharmaceutical policies and practices, including those applicable to generic drugs and intell
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1423)
Morales C, Brousselle A; Universite de Montreal, GRIS / CMIS, Hopital Sainte-Justine / Chilean Drug Access Initiative ANRS Study Group, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: The informal market (IM) for ARV in Chile is perceived as a growing phenomenon, poorly documented and that constitutes major public health challenges. First, clients are exposed to several risks: ARV from doubtful sources may be of sub-optimal quality, discontinuity of supply may cause virus resistances, pa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1424)
Szwarcwald CL;;; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Brazil is the unique low-income country to provide universal access to ARV therapy. Highly positive related effects have been evidenced, such as the substantial reduction of AIDS mortality. However, the cost of newly released ARV medicines has challenged the Brazilian Program in maintaining universal access
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1425)
Heywood MJ;;; AIDS Law Project, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: Annually over 70 000 infants are born with HIV in South Africa . However, despite the growing body of medical evidence/opinion on the efficacy and benefits of interventions to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission, the South African government s response is characterised by obfuscation and delay. This causes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1455)
Mashinini Z;;; Gauteng Health Department, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: Cultural interventions to overcome denial ensure an appropriate context for communication and facilitate a response to social factors driving the HIV epedemic. Work is done in contemporary and traditional cultural contexts. DESCRIPTION: Cultural interventions are used in a range of contexts: - Traditional song
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1456)
Parmar PA;;; Project Director, JKSAPCS, Jammu, India
ISSUES: Jammu and Kashmir is an insurgency affected State having diversified relief, extreme climatic conditions, varied racial, cultural and ethnic groups. Reaching out to people with HIV/AIDS prevention and control messages is most challenging task. However Art and Culture of Jammu and Kashmir alongwith media Campaig
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1457)
Portela MO;;; Medikus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DESCRIPTION/EXPERIENCE REPORT Its social-cultural concept (social: bringing important information on AIDS prevention to a public of students in a simple and specific language, through the play RED ALERT , and cultural: stimulating the interest of students regarding drama) has grown significantly in Brazil
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1458)
Barrios ME, Quino J;;; Labyrinth Theatre and Puppets, Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUES: Theater workshops as a means of education, prevention, information and sensitization about HIV/AIDS; use of theatrical events to raise awareness about issues. DESCRIPTION: Since 1988 Labyrinth Theatre & Puppets (LTP) has created presentations using puppets and actors in workshops, courses and conferences ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1459)
Seebacher S;;; International Federation of Red Cross &Red Crescent Societies, Bangkok, Thailand
ISSUES: HIV/AIDS related stigmatization and discrimination are key issues in many countries of the Asia-Pacific region, causing an inefficient and/or inadequate response to the epidemic. To address the issue, the East and Southeast Asia Regional Health Unit, Bangkok, of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1460)
Kataami KA, Akola AC;;; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: The Bagishu is a tribe found in Mbale district in the Eastern region of Uganda . Traditionally, Bagishu boys ranging from 12 - 20 years are circumcised for initiation into manhood. During circumcision period (only even years) the major activity is dancing to traditional music and drinking alcohol, which inc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1497)
Flowers P, Frankis J, Rosengarten M, Davis M, Hart G, Imrie J;;; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Background To explore the medical construction of the HIV positive person in current literature regarding the efficacy of HIV treatments and theorise the potential impact of such constructions on positive individuals experiences of treatments and treatment failure. Method Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searche
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1498)
Adam BD;;; University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
ISSUES: the soco-historical context and epistemological premises that ground contemporary hypotheses trying to explain rising HIV rates in major cities of advanced, industrial societies. DESCRIPTION: The AIDS optimism hypothesis and the search for barebackers reflect a particular cultural construction of HIV disease, c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1499)
Campbell CM, MacPhail C, Mzaidume Z, Williams BG;;; Reader in Social Psychology, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: We explore the role of local community participation in HIV prevention. It has been argued that participation promotes sexual health through building social capital (trust, support, positive identity resulting from local participation) in target communities, providing the optimal context for the re-negotiat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1500)
Hurley M, Grierson JW, Willis JM, McDonald KM, Pitts MK;;; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University,, Melbourne, Australia
ISSUES: Cultures of HIV positive gay male sex in developed epidemics have outpaced policy environments to the extent that policy environments threaten to undercut safe sex cultures. In Australia , minor variations in HIV incidence and increases in unprotected sex are being interpreted as breakdowns in safe sex practice
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrE1501)
Knowlton AR;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Theory-based research may help identify potential targets and strategies of intervention to promote HIV prevention and care among populations living with HIV/AIDS. Social theories suggest that social- compared to individual-level intervention may be more powerful for effecting and sustaining behavior change
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1502)
Coutinho L;;; University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: This research paper focuses on a question of lies and truths within the discourse of health and illness as has emerged during my research on HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns. Health education materials may be read as narratives, which attempt to give particular meaning to state, community and individual experi
ISSUES: HIV/AIDS treatments, including anti-retroviral therapies, are increasingly provided in resource-poor settings in contexts such as the mining industry, or to local staff of international organizations. However there is limited documented experience with providing HIV/AIDS treatments to staff of AIDS NGOs. Yet th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1410)
Houston S, Mielke J, Chitsike I, Gangaidzo I, Mutetwa S, Chingono A, Ray S;;; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
BACKGROUND: Lack of open discussion at political, community and personal levels is a major obstacle to an effective community response to HIV. Non-disclosure/discussion of HIV, even when clinically apparent, is common in practice, reinforcing the conspiracy of silence . Doctors have not been well prepared to address HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1411)
Benno M, Paranthaman N, Nanmozhi VR;;; South India AIDS Action Programme, Chennai, India
ISSUE: Structured Supervision in the field of Counselling as a concept is new in India , owing to workload and emotional drain counsellors get burnt out and space to ventilate is limited, therefore building structured supervisory system and establishing a cadre of trained supervisors is inevitable. DESCRIPTION: - Affil
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1412)
Hansell PS, Budin W, Jeski D, Ciglia J;;; Seton Hall University, South Orange, United States
ISSUES: Caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS experience numerous problems that threaten the integrity of the family system. Inorder to maintain the integrity of the family system while facilitating and promoting effective coping inorder to mitigate stress, effective problem solving is essential. Accordingly, there is m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1413)
Nagaraja P;;; TARSHI, New Delhi, India
Issues addressed: In India , where more and more people are being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, the few qualified health-care professionals and counsellors that exist work under tremendous emotional and other pressure. The pressures are manifold in a culture that promotes silence around issues of sexuality and consequently
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1414)
Ferreira Gomes da Silva IA;;; STD/AIDS Coordination of Sao Paulo City Health Departament, Sao Paulo, Brazil
ISSUE: From among the Brazil s answers to Aids epidemic, Therapeutic Home Care has been an important strategy to the care of people who need to be attended in their homes. This way, the family context makes evident the relevance of caretakers figure. The caretakers role,however,means many times an accumulation of tasks
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1461)
Souto K, Doneda D, Telles P;;; National STD and AIDS Programme Office, Brasilia DF, Brazil
ISSUE: The Policy of Female Condom Distribution in Brazil has a clear gender approach. In governmental and non-governmental settings, educational interventions and all prevention actions are planned and executed directly by women and men who participate in the projects. This approach guaranteed high acceptance and invo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1462)
Hoffman S, Morrissey KL, Mantell JE, Exner TM, Brothers LP, Lee JY, Pili C;;; HIV Center for Clinical &Behavioral Studies, Mailman School of Public Health/Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The acceptability and uptake of microbicides will likely be heavily influenced by the attitudes of health care providers, who play a major role in providing information about and access to women s contraceptive and disease prevention methods. In this qualitative interview study, we sought to understand the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1463)
Mantell JE, Myers BL, Ramjee G;;; HIV Center for Clinical &Behavioral Studies, New York, United States
Introduction: With the burgeoning research on the acceptability of microbicides, there is an urgent need to examine the strengths and weaknesses of existing acceptability tools. METHODS: Electronic databases and abstracts of recent HIV/STD meetings were searched for studies that presented primary quantitative or qualit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1464)
Lonngi LB;;; Fundacion Mexicana para la Planeacion Familiar (MEXFAM), Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUES: Masculinity, condoms, services for youth, prevention DESCRIPTION: The current work is the result of an investigation exploring psychosocial elements that make up masculinity in young men, with the goal of understanding to what point masculinity, as a social construction, is an impediment to HIV/AIDS prevention.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1465)
de Schutter MA, van Mens LP, Garcia-Sanchez I, Pinzon-Pulido S;;; Stichting soa-bestrijding, Utrecht, The Netherlands
ISSUES: Women are increasingly at risk of contracting HIV and other STI s. In Europe, relatively little attention has been given to gender-specific prevention strategies. DESCRIPTION: The project Women s Network PHASE (Prevention of HIV, AIDS and STI s in Europe) aims at the dissemination of information, the creation o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1466)
Gruber JM, Tekle T, Gottlieb P, Higo S, Aradom T;;; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Sexual violence as a weapon of war and displacement is a major factor in HIV infection. With up to 60 million refugees and IDPs world wide, addressing this issue is essential. Assistance is hugely challenging during conflict; victims can be stigmatised post-conflict and HIV implications are all too often ignore
ISSUES: Sex workers living in Bangkok found they needed a non-threatening way to educate their clients, peers and the community about the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention through condom use. Because the women often work with international clients who speak many languages, it was imperative that they develop a way to c
ISSUES: Since more than twenty years ago, Colombia is experiencing an internal political driven war, aggravated during the last decade by narcotraffic and paramilitary - related violence. More than 1.500.000 population have been forced to leave their towns and farms, and are currently surviving in extremely poor condit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1475)
Hammett TM, Jarlais DC, Liu W, Ngu D, Son N;;; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
ISSUES: The China- Vietnam border lies athwart a major heroin trafficking route along which injection drug use and HIV have spread. There is substantial cross-border movement for drug purchase, sale, and consumption, and rapidly rising HIV prevalence rates due to sharing of injection equipment: about 10% HIV prevalence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1476)
Kashyap P, Negassa H, Daoudi A, Lewis J;;; United Nations World Food Programme, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ISSUES: Ethiopia has the second largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. Truck drivers are typically at high risk of contracting and spreading HIV due to their mobility and extended periods of time away from home. The UN World Food Programme (WFP) employs over 2000 truck drivers to deliver relief food f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1477)
Kopp C, Zuppinger B, Matuschek S, Spang T;;; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
ISSUES: HIV/AIDS prevention faces the challenge to continuously reach new vulnerable populations. Based on epidemiological data showing increased rates of HIV infections amongst Sub-Saharan migrants in Switzerland (SSM) in 2000, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH) is initiating a prevention project with t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1478)
Bandopadhyay N, Ray K, Banerjee A, Jana S, Saha A, Kerrigan D, Mahendra VS;;; Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee, Kolkata, India
BACKGROUND: The Sonagachi Project in Kolkata, India has been recognized by UNAIDS as a best practices model for its use of a community development approach to HIV prevention among female sex workers (SW). Little research has been conducted to identify the core elements of community development interven
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1514)
Santos CE, Vitoria MA, Lima JN;;; STD/AIDS Program - Ministry of Health (MOH), Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUES: With the advent of HAART the Brazilian MOH alternative care programme for patients with HIV/AIDS has been facilitating the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) treatment access, according to different complexity degrees, stimulating out patient care, presenting better cost-benefit relationship and providing bette
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1515)
Lackritz EM, Marston BJ, Downing R, Diomande F, Macharia D, Malamba S, Solberg P, Mermin JH, Nkengasong J, Weidle PJ, Ellerbrock TV;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
ISSUES: Access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in resource-restricted countries has been extremely limited due to the high cost of drugs and the technical complexity of patient management and laboratory monitoring. New approaches to treatment are needed to expand ARV programs in countries with limited resources and inf
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrF1516)
Rwabuhihi E, Binagwaho A, Kagame A, Karita E, von Zinkernagel D, Iskowitz M, Thurman S, Goosby E;;; Ministry of Health, Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
ISSUE: The Rwanda Family Package is a model for expanding medical care and support services for HIV/AIDS in community settings in a resource-constrained environment. The goal is to extend survival benefits of MTCT programs to address the health needs of HIV+ parents and siblings as the first step in a national treatmen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1517)
Potet J, Fleutelot E;;; Ensemble Contre le Sida, Paris, France
ISSUE: Ensemble Contre le Sida (ECS) has been supporting Aids Service Organisations and groups of people living with HIV/Aids (PWAs) in developing countries for the last five years. One of the aspects of this support is in the in designand implementation of innovative community-based care projects. Aren t those initiat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1518)
Raveis VH, Karus DG, Marconi K, Selwyn P, Perrone M, Hanna B, Patterson E, RosefieldJr. HA;;; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
ISSUES: Although AIDS-related death rates have fallen in recent years, it remains a fatal illness and the global burden of this disease continues to grow exponentially. For those unable to tolerate treatment or for whom aggressive therapy is no longer effective, palliative care is essential. DESCRIPTION: There are diff
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1519)
Calmy A, Ciaffi L, Pedrique B, de Vincenzi I, Michon C, Andrieux-Meyer I;;; MSF, Geneva, Switzerland
ISSUES: MSF- Switzerland started its ARV program in Yaounde and Guatemala City at the end of 2000, aiming to show that ARV treatment was feasible and to promote the introduction of cheaper ARV treatment. These pilot programs enrolled 100-150 patients each. They require improvement of laboratory support and of overall p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1415)
Masindi N, Hlatshwayo Z, Msimang Z, Monareng D, Treger L;;; University of Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: The Abstain, Be Faithful and Condomise (ABC) strategy that South Africa is using to prevent HIV infection has proved inadequate. This is because the ABC strategy does not deal with issues of gender inequality and poverty, which when combined, may make it virtually impossible for people to abstain from sex, be f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1416)
Estela Fabiana Pardo EF, Lorenzo Vargas Cornejo LV;;; Intilla Asociacion Civil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Intilla Asociacion Civil has been working on community interaction with the transgender population, that due to the poverty the members of this community are constantly exposed to the violations of their civil rights. What this community experiences is an important risk factor and because of this they are in an extreme
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1417)
Tandon T;;; Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit, Mumbai, India
ISSUE: Trafficking of children for commercial sexual exploitation is a grave concern. Interventions by law enforcement agencies to counter trafficking have affected the lives of women in sex work and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. While the protection of minors is a rightful concern, issues of human rights violations again
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1418)
Gardner JB;;; SWEAT (Sex Worker Education and Advocacy Taskforce), Cape Town, South Africa
The current illegal status of sex work is a major factor preventing effective HIV prevention programmes in the commercial sex industry. Sex work is not seen as a legitimate form of employment and labour legislation governing other legitimate industries do not apply. Although supportive and respectful management does ex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1419)
Murungi K, Mabele NP;;; IGLHRC c/o Human Rights Watch, New York, United States
ISSUES: Sexual violence confirms the vulnerability of already marginalized groups, and creates new forms of vulnerability and marginalization. The rape crisis in South Africa , and its role in the HIV/AIDS pandemic, cannot be addressed without understanding how gender and sexual norms--and social punishment for those w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1420)
Banerjee PK;;; New Alipore Praajak Development Society, Kolkata, India
ISSUE: The Kothis (MSM with a female gender construct) of Kolkata set off to villages and towns in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh to dance during Lagan- the wedding season. This paper delves into the atrocities and sexual violence they undergo during Lagan.DESCRIPTION: The Kothis owing to their effeminate mannerism are stigma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1467)
DeJong J, Castle C, Goumbala B, Lucas S;;; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
ISSUES: There is widespread concern that organisations addressing HIV/AIDS are not operating at sufficient scale or with enough impact to stem its progress. Only a very small proportion of the world s population at risk of HIV infection is currently being reached ( UNAIDS June 2000 Report). NGOs ranging from community-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1468)
Kahn JG, Marseille E, Over M, Lundberg M, Garnett G, Saba J, Reeler A, Bertozzi S;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
ISSUES. With growing international funds for AIDS, there is an urgent need for data to guide the efficient scaling up of HIV prevention spending in developing countries. We report on the initial phase of an NIH-funded multi-center study on the economics of HIV prevention in developing countries. The goal is to provide
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1469)
Gimbel-Sherr SO, Sherr KH, Coutinho J, Mercer MA, Gloyd S;;; Health Alliance International, Beira, Mozambique
ISSUES: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV is typically a first step taken by national governments to move beyond prevention strategies and address HIV/AIDS care and support. Collaboration between NGOs and the formal health sector to conduct VCT may determine the extent to which the official health system w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1470)
St. Louis ME, Mugurungi O, Fussell M, Mayes R, Dhlakama D, McCray E;;; CDC-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
ISSUES: In most highly-affected countries, the penetration of effective new interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention and care (such as VCT, PMTCT, and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis) remains disappointing. Eroding public health infrastructure and low salaries of public health officials are the main barriers, but the lack of a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1471)
Mehra S, Sakhuja A, Panwar M;;; MAMTA, New Delhi, India
ISSUES: The way HIV/AIDS affect children follows a tragically predictable pattern across the developing countries. Their vulnerability gets compounded due to lack of information and access to services to address the problem. With an increasing number of potentially vulnerable children, the care and support needs would
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1472)
Lawson PJ, Monterroso E, Coleman E;;; Acadmey for Educational Development (AED), Washington, DC, United States
ISSUE: Community involvement is critical to prevent and address HIV. Mobilizing communities may mean different things for different programs, people, and outcomes. Many successful community involvement programs support members in finding a voice. Yet, defining successful outcomes and evaluating impact and sustainabilit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1503)
Bery P, Plumley B;;; Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS, New York, United States
ISSUES: The business sector is increasingly called upon to play a substantive role in the global response to HIV/AIDS. Business involvement must be viewed more broadly than financial contributions. AIDS programs and partnerships can be enhanced and expanded through traditional business expertise. Yet the value of harne
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1504)
Leather S, Alli B, Lisk F;;; International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland
ISSUES: The ILO Programme on HIV/AIDS and the world of work was established in November 2000. It builds on the ILO s strenghts and existing structures, and collaborates with its tripartite constituents to promote prevention in the workplace, combat discrimination, and mitigate the social and economic impact of the dise
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1505)
Rosen SB, MacLeod WB, Vincent JR, Fox MP, Thea D, Simon JL;;; Center for International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
BACKGROUND: Better information on the potential costs of AIDS in the private sector is needed to manage the epidemic and assess the net benefits of interventions, but few rigorous quantitative analyses are available. We estimated the cost of AIDS to businesses and the benefits of prevention and treatment using company-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1506)
Nunez CA, Burgos M, Marino G;;; PASCA / The Futures Group International, Guatemala City, Guatemala
ISSUES: Panama currently reports the third largest incidence rate of AIDS cases in Central America. Recently, through a special legislation on AIDS, National Congress declared AIDS a national priority. A multisectoral plan has been proposed. Private sector decided to play an important role in promoting prevention.
ISSUES: Heineken International sought long term assessment of the impact of AIDS on their business in both direct cost and indirect cost terms. They required analysis in three production locations in Africa and Asia to evaluate the impact and implications of offering highly active antiretroviral therapy to HIV-postive
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1508)
Stevens M;;; Ms, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: Employers are not bound to provide any benefits to their employees. Costs for supporting a PWA are easily transferred from the employer to the state to the household. Arguments have emerged suggesting that it may be cost effective for business to provide benefits to HIV positive skilled workers, the assumption
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1509)
Bazergan RY;;; Centre for Defence Studies, King's college, University of London, London, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Infections in the ranks mean that militaries are increasingly citing HIV/AIDS as a strategic and security issue. Some armed forces have expressed concern about being able to deploy combat ready units at short notice. In addition, the military are increasingly being seen a high-risk group that may act as a condu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1509a)
Chiduo B, Wambura L, Washija NR, Shilangila N, Kishamawe C, Banyenda G, Biseko S, Liere MV, Wilson F;;; Tanesa, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: The hiv/aids epidemic hits members of all categories of the society though its impact on each of them is different. Resource-poor households with chronically-ill people (CIP) are hit harder than others and are likely to become food-insecure throughout the year. The extent to which aids contributes to food i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1510)
Villarreal M, Gari JA;;; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
ISSUES: Due to widespread morbidity and mortality of agricultural workers, HIV/AIDS undermines agricultural dynamics, whilst posing tremendous pressures on food security, nutrition and healthcare among the rural poor. In particular, HIV/AIDS accelerates the ongoing erosion of agro-biodiversity and indigenous knowledge,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1511)
Badcock-Walters PJ, Heard WA, Wilson DN;;; University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
ISSUES: The impact of HIV/AIDS on Africa s education sector is profound and is eroding the delivery of learning, teaching and development to an unprecedented degree. The primary impact of the disease is to exacerbate existing levels of dysfunction and make an already bad situation worse. Conventional education manageme
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrG1512)
Ainsworth M, Beegle K, Koda G;;; The World Bank, Washington DC, United States
The AIDS epidemic is leaving many African children parentless. The loss of a parent could reduce a child s schooling if families are unable to pay fees, the demand for a child s time at home increases or guardians are less motivated to invest in orphans. The evidence of this relationship is largely anecdotal. It is imp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1513)
Luchtenburg PW;;; World Relief, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
ISSUES: More than one in a hundred Cambodians live with HIV/AIDS and USAID has declared Cambodia a rapid scale-up country. Household women are increasingly at risk through their HIV-positive husbands, however, few resources are targeting these women. The Microfinance sector in Cambodia reaches more than 250,000 clients
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7078)
Fernandez-Medina RD, Lundin K, Berglund M, Wigzell H, Persson MA;;; Karolinska Institute &FIOCRUZ, Stockholm, Sweden
Background A phage display library screening approach was used to identify peptide sequences that could bind to gp13 an anti-HIV-1 Mab that recognises a conformational epitope on the CD4bs of the viral envelope protein gp120. Methods Both a 9 and a 15-mer random phage peptide libraries were used to establish if clones
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7079)
Bongertz V, Ouverney EP, Maia-Teixeira SL, Silva-de-Jesus C, Hacker M, Telles PR, Morgado MG, Bastos FI;;; AIDS Lab / Immunol Deptm / IOC / FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
BACKGROUND: To further analyze anterior observations on more frequent seroreactivity of putative IDU sera in comparison to sera from individuals declaring to be infected with HIV-1 by sexual transmission (S group) (J Clin Vir 12:37-42, 1999), titrations of positive sera were carried out. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7080)
Russo PC, Pracanica A, Succi RC, Beltrao SA, Santos A, Weckx L, de Moraes-Pinto MI;;; Federal university of Sao Paulo, Sao paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Studies on the response to immunization in HIV-infected children have rarely addressed antibody avidity, a known marker antibody function. METHODS: 16 HIV-infected children (HIV) were compared to 21 seroreverters (SR) and to 26 healthy children born to HIV-negative mothers (CNT) in a prospective study at th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7081)
Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Mugerwa R, Mugyenyi P, Mbidde E, Salata R, Flores J, Ellner J;;; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Uganda initiated a safety and immunogenicity preventive HIV-1 vaccine trial in early 1999. One of the study objectives was to evaluate HIV-specific antibody responses induced by ALVAC vCP205 HIV vaccine against clade A, B, and D HIV-1 isolates in healthy adults. METHODS: Forty healthy low risk adult volunte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7082)
Marques HH, Nagao-Dias AT, Arslanian-Kubo C, Carneiro-Sampaio MM, Carneiro-Sampaio MM;;; Children's Institute Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Backgrounds: There are few studies evaluating IgG subclasses levels in HIV infected children and the response to polysacharides vaccines. Severely immunocompromised patients do not respond well to the routine immunization. The objective of the study was to evaluate these aspects in a cohort of Brazilian HIV-infected ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7083)
Humbert M, Koenigs C, Landersz M, Mooser D, Dietrich U;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
BACKGROUND: Neutralizing antibodies against primary HIV-1 isolates play an important role in virus control. The aim of this study was to map the epitopes of antibodies present in early HIV positive sera by phage display technology. METHODS: We screened sera from 3 patients infected with different subtypes of HIV-1 with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7084)
Polonis VR, deSouza MS, Chantakulkij S, Darden JM, Sambor A, Nitayaphan S, Brown A, Birx DL;;; Henry M.Jackson Fnd, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials testing HIV-1 vaccines from subtypes CRF01_AE (E) and B are currently ongoing in Thailand . A panel of characterized viruses was established as a tool for assessing immunogenicity in vaccine trials and to explore differences between subtypes. Forty-nine subtype E (48 Thai and 1 Indonesian) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7085)
Barin F, Brunet S, Lesage G, Brand D, Stiegler G, Katinger H;;; Univ F Rabelais, Tours, France
BACKGROUND. To develop assays for detection and titration of antibodies (Ab) to 2 conserved broadly neutralizing epitopes (2G12, 2F5) of HIV-1. To analyze the prevalence of such antibodies during natural infection and the association with neutralizing antibodies in vitro. METHODS. Two competitive ELISAs were developed.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7086)
Yamashiro R, Oliveira CA, Campos AR, Fernandes A, Ueda M;;; Serology Dept./Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV-1-indeterminate Western Blot test (WB) results in samples from non-infected patients are frequently due to cross-reactive antibodies to HIV-1 gag products. The Central Laboratory of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) - Sao Paulo, Brazil has routinely confirmed HIV-1 antibodies by means of Immunofluorescenc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7087)
Butto' S, Fiorelli V, Ruiz MJ, Ensoli F, Colvin M, Vardas E, Ciccozzi M, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: A vaccine against HIV/AIDS with a biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein is able to control viral replication and disease progression in monkeys. Phase I clinical trials with a Tat-based vaccine (B strain) are being started in Italy and phase II trials are planned in Italy,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7088)
Ensoli F, Fiorelli V, Butto' S, Tripiciano A, Collacchi B, Mezzaroma I, Aiuti F, Ensoli B;;; Department of Allergy and Immunology, University"La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Preventive and therapeutic phase I clinical trials with a Tat-based vaccine (B strain) are being prepared in Italy and phase II trials are planned in Italy and Africa. In addition to the analysis of the immune response to Tat during the natural course of infection, its assessment during antiretroviral thera
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7089)
Pires A, Pido-Lopez J, Moyle G, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N;;; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Administration of hrGH with HAART in HIV-1 infection may increase thymic activity, resulting in the production of naive T cells, and drive differentiation into functional memory/effector cells. Twelve chronic HIV-1 infected individuals mean age 43.4 +/- 7.4 years on HAART received rhGH. Viral load was undetectable in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7090)
Imami N, Pires A, Moyle G, Spentzou A, Gazzard B, Gotch F;;; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapeutic strategies in chronic HIV-1 infection require induction of virus-specific CD4 and subsequent activation of CD8 T cells. Concomitant administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) with HAART may boost immune reconstitution and specific T cell responses. METHODS: Twelve HIV-1 infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7092)
Mestre G, Garcia F, Soriano A, Plana M, Cruceta A, Arostegui J, Lejeune M, Joseph J, Miro JM, Romero JD, Rodriguez A, Barrasa A, Lorenzo JI, Gatell JM, Gallart T;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The factors involved in progression are not fully understood in HIV-1 infection. The objective of this study was to assess the features of lymphocyte T subsets in a cohort of LTNP. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 69 LTNP HIV-infected patients (median of follow-up: 140 months, Median viral load: 2519 c/ml)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7093)
Fidler S, Nicholson C, Braganza R, Beddows S, Pinheiro S, Dong T, Rowland-Jones S, Weber J;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Aims This project aimed to identify whether HIV specific Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) responses quantified in HEPS individuals were a direct response to exposure to their HIV+ partners virus. Background HIV specific immune responses have been identified in HEPS subjects to a broadspectrum of conserved regions of HIV. Wh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7094)
Frahm N, Adams CM, Sengupta D, Brown N, Marincola FM, Roach T, StJohn A, Korber B, Goulder PJ, Walker BD, Brander C;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: Virus specific CTL have been associated with control of HIV replication in vivo and many targeted CTL epitopes have been defined in the past. Since the majority of studies have focused on individuals of Caucasian descent, the ethnicities currently most affected by the epidemic have been widely underrepresen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7095)
Yu XG, Shang H, Addo MM, Jiang Y, Han X, Li D, Wang Y, Zhou L, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: China is estimated to have one of the world s most rapidly spreading HIV-1 epidemics with an increase in reported new infections of 67.4% in the first 6 months of 2001 compared with the same period of the previous year ( UNAIDS , 2001). Therefore studies providing insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis in Chinese
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7096)
Jennes W, Vuylsteke B, Maurice C, Roels TH, Chorba T, Nkengasong JN, Kestens L;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Antwerpen, Belgium
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to assess the presence of HIV-1-specific T helper cells in the peripheral blood of HIV-exposed seronegative (ESN) female sex workers (FSWs) in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: Between May 2000 and October 2001, 40 ESN FSWs, 25 HIV-1-infected FSWs and 32 female blood donors (c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7097)
Rutebemberwa A, Jones G, Auma B, Yirrell D, Whitworth J, Kaleebu P, Gotch F;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific cellular immune responses are thought to play an important role in the control of HIV infection. In this study, HIV-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses were monitored in a group of HIV-1 infected adults, over a period of one year. METHODS: 14 HIV-1 infected, drug naive adults possessing eithe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7098)
Kaul R, Rowland-Jones SL, Gillespie G, Kimani J, Kiama P, Simonsen JN, McMichael AJ, Bwayo JJ, Plummer FA;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND : Neisseria gonorrhoeae cervicitis and HIV-1 frequently co-infect core transmitter populations, such as female sex workers. Gonococcal cervicitis is associated with increased viral shedding and plasma viremia in HIV-infected women, with increased plasma levels of the Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL10, and with incr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7099)
Keating SM, Carruth LM, Lubaki MN, Barnett S, Jackson JB, Quinn TC, Bollinger RC;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific lymphocytes from chronically infected individuals have been shown to be perforin deficient; associated with less efficient cytotoxic function. In addition to cytolytic activity, soluble antiviral factors are produced by T lymphocytes that might contribute to control of HIV replication. It is un
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7100)
Rodriguez A, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Burbano X, Ruiz P, Lecusay R, Shor-Posner G;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: With the exception of hemolytic anemia, the potential hematological toxicity of antiretrovirals and combination treatments has not been well established. METHODS: HIV+ individuals (n=259), were followed in a nutritional study every 6 months/2 years. Medical history was obtained and blood drawn for CBC/plate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7101)
Nikolova M, Michova A, Dimitrov S, Boumsell L, Bensussan A, Taskov H;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: The dynamics of T cell subsets comprising the antigen-specific effectors is an important issue during chronic viral infections. To contribute to the phenotypic characterization of this subset, we studied the expression of the recently clustered CD160 leukocyte surface antigen in HIV-1+ patients. CD160 is ex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7102)
Karlsson AC, Younger SR, Ortiz GM, Hagos E, Krone M, Martin J, Deeks SG, Nixon DF;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: HAART suppresses plasma viremia, but also reduces antigenic driven stimulation of HIV specific cellular immune responses. In individuals where viral replication is evidenced by sequence changes and/or viral bursts of detectable viral loads there may still be an influence of the HIV-specific cellular immune
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7104)
Yu XG, Addo MM, Rodriguez WR, Fitzpatrick C, Lee PK, Strick DA, Johnston MN, Rosenberg ES, Goulder PJ, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CTL generated during acute infection play a critical role in the initial control of viremia. However, the hierarchy in appearance of epitope-specific responses has never been comprehensively characterized. METHODS: HIV-specific CTL responses in an acutely infected individual (AC06) expressing H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7105)
Chugh P, Seth P;;; Ph.D. student, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
Background - The importance of cell mediated immunity in controlling HIV infection has been well established. Therefore, determination of T cell epitopes while evaluating the immune responses in experimental animals is imperative. ELISPOT assay has been adapted for direct ex-vivo quantification of peptide reactive T ly
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7106)
Ellefsen K, Harari A, Champagne P, Sekaly R, Pantaleo G;;; Lab of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Four subsets of memory CD8 T lymphocytes can be distinguished on the basis of the expression of CD45RA and of CCR7 and a selective impairment of the differentiation of HIV-specific memory CD8+ T cells has been demonstrated. Virus-specific CD4 T lymphocytes can be quantified and analyzed on the basis of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7107)
Harari A, Petitpierre S, Khonkarly M, Rizzardi GP, Pantaleo G;;; Lab of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Four subsets of memory CD8 T lymphocytes can be distinguished on the basis of the expression of CD45RA and of CCR7. Selective impairment of the differentiation of HIV-specific memory CD8 T cells has been shown METHODS: The secretion of IFNg and of Il-2 following specific stimulation was used to identify HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7109)
Kalayjian R, Landay A, Gross B, Pollard R, Sevin A, Pu M, Chernoff M, Namkung A, Fox L, Janik J, Waterman K, Fiscus S, Wu A, Lawrence E, Slater S, Longo D, Taub D, Rousseau F, Lederman MM;;; CWRU, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: To explore the basis of age-associated, accelerated HIV-disease progression by examining differences in T-cell phenotypes and thymic volumes in younger and older subjects. METHODS: ACTG 5015 is a study of immune and virologic differences in response to HAART, between 2 cohorts of HIV-infected (HIVpos) subje
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7110)
Addo MM, Altfeld M, Fitzpatrick C, Rathod A, Yu XG, Brainard DM, Fideli US, Shutes E, Kasolo F, Mulundu G, Hahn BH, Allen S, Walker BD;;; Partners AIDS Research Center/MGH, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 clade C is the most prevalent subtype in sub-Saharan Africa, which remains the most-affected region by the HIV pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate HIV-1 clade C specific cellular immune responses in HIV-1 infected individuals and their exposed uninfected partners in a completely blinded
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD8-positive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) play a key role in controlling HIV-infection, monitoring CTL-response could be clinically relevant during stucturated therapy interruption (STI), HIV exposure and vaccine trials. However, HLA patients restriction and HIV variability limited the develop
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7112)
Gray CM, Khoury G, Masemola A, Mashishi T, Mohube P, Puren AJ, Morris L, Bredell H, Williamson C, Ferrari G, Cao H, Sheppard HW;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: identifying the relationship between control of subtype C HIV-1 and patterns of CTL epitope responses is important for subsequent interpretation of vaccine-induced CTL. We have studied the association between HIV-1 viral load and anti-Gag CTL responses in subtype C HIV-1 infected individuals from southern A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7113)
Altfeld M, Hecht FM, Lee PK, Addo MM, Yu XG, Draenert R, Fitzpatrick C, Johnston MN, Osksenberg J, Goulder PJ, Levy JA, Rosenberg ES, Walker BD;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical school, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: HLA-B57, as well as CTL responses restricted by this allele, have been strongly associated with long-term non-progressive HIV infection. However, their impact on viral replication during acute HIV infection is not understood. This study assessed clinical and immunlogical parameters during acute HIV infectio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7114)
Harrer E, Kastel S, Baurele M, Bergmann S, Hamacher M, Kalden JR, Harrer T;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Nef and Tat are attractive targets for immunotherapy as they are expressed early in the viral replication cycle and they play an important role in the pathogenesis. To evaluate the immunogenicity of these molecules we started a systematic study of recognition of Nef and Tat in a cohort of HIV infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7115)
Boyer JD, Nelson R, Robinson T, Scott P, Weiner DB;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: More than 95% of all HIV-infected people now live in the Developing World, and 95% percent of all deaths have occurred among its people. In these countries, chronic parasitic infection adds another level of complexity to AIDS vaccine development. Helminthic and protozoan infections are common in developing
BACKGROUND: IFN-[gamma] ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining (ICCS) assays have recently been commonly used in subtype B and some non-B HIV-1 specific CTL researches both in the pathogenesis and vaccine evaluation. However, these assays need to be validated in countries with a high prevalence of subtype A/E infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7117)
Mashishi TN, Khoury G, Nyoka S, Mohube P, Altfeld M, Williamson C, Donovan R, Sheppard H, Gray CM;;; National Institute for Virology, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Identity of epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses to subtype C Nef is important for clade-specific vaccine development. Anti-Nef CD8+ T cell responses were identified in recent HIV-1 clade C infected individuals from southern Africa. METHOD: A combination of the IFNg ELISPOT assay and intracytoplasmic cyto
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7118)
Draenert R, Ruiz L, Clotet B, Walker BD, Martinez-Picado J;;; AIDS Research Center, MGH, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Cellular immunity, especially CD8+ T lymphocyte responses have been shown to be important in containing HIV-1-infection. HLA alleles have been demonstrated to influence not only the viral epitopes targeted but also disease progression. Monocygotic twins infected with the same virus provide an opportunity to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7119)
Bottoni A, Bonaccorsi A, Gallerani E, Fabris M, Fortini C, Rimessi P, Ensoli B, Gavioli R;;; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
BACKGROUND: Tat is a regulatory protein of HIV-1 produced very early after infection and essential for HIV gene expression and replication. Tat is also released from infected cells in the extracellular milieu and taken-up by neighbour cells and modulates cellular functions depending on the concentration and cell type.
BACKGROUND: Children maintain the thymical functionality and thus, the capacity of replacing the CD4 T-cells clones lost by the HIV-infection, making possible the immune reconstitution. Since HIV has an inhibitory effect on thymus, a suppression of viral replication would be advisable for recovering the thymical functi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7121)
Shacklett BL, Cox CA, Sandberg JK, Nilsson A, Stollman NH, Jacobson MA, Price RW, Nixon DF;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Although extensive studies have described HIV-specific CTL in peripheral blood, little is known of the role of CTL in viral clearance from tissue reservoirs. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and the central nervous system (CNS) may be considered distinct immunological compartments from peripheral blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7122)
Masemola AM, Maila H, Nyoka S, Mohube P, Khoury G, Roux S, Magcuntsu E, Churchyard G, Grant AD, Gray CM;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important HIV-1-related disease in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the impact of TB treatment on viral load and T cell changes in antiretroviral-naive dually infected HIV-1/TB patients. Our aim was to measure whether there was improved immune competence with TB treatment. M
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7123)
Hengel RL, Thaker VB, Lempicki RA, Pavlick MV, Metcalf JA, Imamichi T, Lane HC;;; NIH, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD4+ T cells are thought to be a critical component of the host immune response to HIV. Most studies examine CD4+ T cell memory by measuring lymphoproliferation (LPA) or intracellular cytokine (ICC) production of unfractionated CD4+ T cells. Given conflicting data regarding these assays, we wer
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7124)
Shankar P, Lee SK, Xu Z, Lieberman J;;; Center for Blood Research, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Assays that measure CD8 T cell responses against consensus laboratory strain HIV antigens show similar responses in progressors and nonprogressors, suggesting that they may not be representative of the in vivo response to the evolving autologous virus. METHOD: The magnitude of IFN[gamma]-producing CD8 T cel
BACKGROUND: Adults with long-term non-progressive HIV infection frequently possess strong HIV-specific T-helper responses. A robust proliferative response to the p24 antigen has been shown to correlate with maintenance of a low viral load in HIV-infected adults. To date, the HIV-specific immune responses among children
