Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1380)
Meyerhans A, Jung A, Maier R, Jung V, Fischer U, Meese E, Bocharov G, Vartanian JP, Wain-Hobson S;;; University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: From a posterori analyses of genetic variation, recombination can only be identified when the parental genomes are distinct. For viruses like HIV-1, this requires the producer cell to be infected by more than one virus, something that has not been readily forthcoming in vivo. METHODS: Fluorescent in situ hy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1381)
Jost S, Bernard MC, Kaiser L, Yerly S, Hirschel B, Goh L, Perrin L;;; Division of Infectious diseases, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: New HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms are increasingly reported. This suggest that co-infection occurs in vivo. Case history A 38 year-old male with an acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) following previous multiple unprotected sexual contacts with male partners was enrolled in the Quest trial (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1382)
Kostrikis LG, Touloumi G, Karanicolas R, Pantazis N, Anastassopoulou C, Karafoulidou A, Goedert J, Hatzakis A;;; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have identified several forms of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral-blood T-cells and lymph nodes in untreated HIV-1-infected individuals and in patients whose plasma HIV-1 RNA load is suppressed by long-term potent antiretroviral therapy. However, it remains to be established whether the concentra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1383)
Farquhar C, Rowland-Jones S, Mbori-Ngacha D, Oyugi J, Lohman B, Otieno P, Ochieng J, John-Stewart G;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: HLA class I and II alleles are determinants of HIV-1 specific CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses. Further characterizing HLAs associated with risk of HIV-1 infection will be important for future epitope-based vaccine development. METHODS: Blood was collected at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months from infants followe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1384)
Arts EJ, Ball SC, Abraha A;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 evolves and migrates through individual hosts, overcoming barriers to transmission and avoiding immune responses. How will this continual evolution and expansion within the human population affect HIV-1 virulence? We have recently shown that ex vivo HIV-1 fitness (or competitive replication efficiency
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1432)
Robinson WE, King PJ, Lee DJ, Reinke RA, Victoria JG;;; University of California, Irvine, United States
BACKGROUND: Culture of HIV with increasing concentrations of L-chicoric acid (L-CA), an inhibitor of integrase (IN), resulted in a single point mutation within IN that conferred resistance of the virus to L-CA. The effects of this mutation on integration and susceptibility to other IN inhibitors were unknown. It was hy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1433)
Loemba HD, Brenner B, Ma'ayan S, Spira B, Moisi D, Oliveira M, Detorio M, Essex M, Wainberg MA;;; McGill University AIDS Centre, LDI, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: To study the potential impact of HIV-1 clade C genetic diversity on emergence of drug resistance. METHODS: The subtype origin of HIV-1 isolates from 9 drug-naive patients from Botswana and 5 from Ethiopia was determined by heteroduplex mobility assays (HMA) of the envelope gene and sequencing of RT and PR r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrA1434)
Perez-Alvarez L, Delgado E, Villahermosa ML, Cuevas MT, Carmona R, Vazquez de Parga E, Medrano L, Thomson MM, Cuevas L, Sierra M, Prieto A, Rodriguez R, Lopez-Alvarez MJ, Ojea de Castro R, Najera R;;; Area de Patogenia Viral. CNBF. Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Majadahonda. Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To study the biological phenotype and amino acid changes in V3 of recombinants and non-B HIV isolates from Galicia. PATIENTS: 40 patients, diagnosed between 1999-2001, infected with different recombinants and non-B HIV subtypes. 72.5% were Spanish. Transmission route: IDU(60.6%), HT(36.8%), HO(2.6%). METHOD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1435)
Jorajuria S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Dormont D, Clayette P;;; CEA, fontenay-aux-roses, France
BACKGROUND: Intracellular concentrations of anti-HIV drugs are determinant for their pharmacological efficacy in peripheral blood as well as in sanctuary sites e.g. lymph nodes and CNS. ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) are reported to limit protease inhib
Int conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1436)
Valentin A, Yarchoan R, Pavlakis GN;;; NCI-Frederick, Frederick, United States
BACKGROUND: We have shown that in addition to T cells, NK cells are persistently infected by HIV, and they can transmit infectious virus. NK cells are known to have a highly active P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pump, a member of the ABC family of transporters associated with therapeutic failure and multidrug resistance. Protea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1479)
Mussini C, Pinti M, Borghi V, Nasi M, Monterastelli E, Troiano L, Moretti L, Amorico G, Esposito R, Cossarizza A;;; Azienda Policlinico, Modena, Italy
Among a population of more than 500 HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we found 6 individuals who experienced a nadir of less than 85 CD4+ cells/µL (range: 11-84), had major opportunistic infections (4 out of 6), started HAART in 1996 or 1997, and showed a rapid and rele
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1480)
Matsushita S, Kimura T, Wang F, Kim J, Koito A, Yoshimura K;;; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
BACKGROUND: Effects of HAART in chronically infected patients, with regard to neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against autologous isolates and a role of such NAbs in patients during viral rebound are poorly understood. METHODS: We investigated the longitudinal change of NAb response against an autologous HIV-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1481)
Valdez H, Lederman MM, Pollard RB, Sahner D, Sevin A, Chan E, Moss R, Estep S, Fox L, Namkung A, Mitsuyasu R, Landay A, Fahey JL;;; Case Western Reserve Center for AIDS Research, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: IL-2 increases the numbers of CD4+ cells in patients with HIV infection. We wished to ascertain whether increasing CD4+ cell numbers would improve antibody responses to immunization. METHODS: ACTG 328 compared CD4 changes in patients treated with HAART +/- IL-2; to qualify patients had to have CD4+ counts
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic vaccine with an inactivated gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen in IFA (REMUNETM) in 243 HIV+ chronically infected subjects while receiving either ART or HAART (ARTs) in a three year, double-blind, placebo (IFA) controlled trial. We determined the impact on viral rebound
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1483)
Gotch FM, Hardy G, Imami N, Sullivan A, Nelson M, Burton C, Lopez JP, Moss R, Gazzard B;;; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Failure of HIV.1 specific CD4 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to re-emerge following successful diminution of plasma viraemia with HAART, has necessitated studies of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. METHODS: A randomised, phase 1 study of HAART with or without IL2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrA1484)
Napolitano LA, Chien AJ, Hanley MB, Moreno MB, Rivera J, Bare J, Stoddart CA, McCune JM;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology/UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Animal studies indicate that growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in mammalian thymopoiesis, raising the possibility that its administration may be of therapeutic benefit in human immunodeficiency. We previously hypothesized that GH treatment would stimulate thymopoiesis during HIV-1-infection. In a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1385)
Zolopa AR, Lazzeroni LC, Rinehart A, Kuritzkes D;;; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
Introduction: We evaluated genotype interpretations from clinical specimens by an international panel of experts. We tested the ability to predict assayed phenotype, agreement between experts in predicting phenotype, antiretroviral drug activity and consistency of treatment recommendations. METHODS: We randomly selecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1386)
Ruane P, Hernandez J, Richmond G, Williams A, Fralich T, Yau L, Hessenthaler S, Lanier ER;;; Tower ID, LA, United States
BACKGROUND: Resistance testing may improve response in ART-experienced subjects. GT and PT testing have some utility in this setting. We tested the ability of the Virco GT and vPT to predict response to open-label ABC-based therapy in ART-experienced subjects. METHODS: 833 ART-naive and experienced subjects were treate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1387)
Vray M, Meynard JL, Dalban C, Morand-Joubert L, Brun-Vezinet F, Clavel F, Costagliola D, Girard PM;;; Inserm SC4, Paris, France
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predictive of W12 virological response. METHODS: The NARVAL trial was conducted to assess the respective benefit of Phenotype (P),Genotype (G) versus standard of care (SOC) for the choice of antiretroviral therapy in patients failing a PI-containing regimen. Virological success was define
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1388)
Haubrich R, Hellmann N, Keiser P, Kemper C, Witt M, Forthal D, Leedom J, Leibowitz M, Richman D, McCutchan JA, Group CC;;; UCSD, San Diego, United States
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence, associated factors and clinical significance of NNRTI hypersusceptibility (NNRTI-HS).METHODS: Patients without prior NNRTI therapy who were failing (HIV RNA > 400) stable antiretroviral therapy had ViroLogic phenotype assay, HIV RNA, and CD4 cell counts before changing to a new NN
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1389)
Wegner SA, Wallace M, Aronson N, Blazes D, Tamminga C, Fraser S, Dolan M, Stephan K, Jagodzinski L, Vahey M, Tracy L, Graham N, Hertogs K, Birx D;;; US Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Previous short-term studies have shown the benefit of HIV resistance testing for antiretroviral(ARV) management. The impact of resistance testing on long-term clinical outcome has not been assessed. We studied the long-term efficacy of either genotype or phenotype to guide therapy changes in a large cohort
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1390)
Margot NA, Cheng AK, Lu B, Miller MD;;; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies 902 and 907 were placebo-controlled studies evaluating tenofovir DF (TDF) when added to stable regimens in patients (pts) with incomplete HIV RNA suppression. At wk 24, the placebo (PLB) arms crossed over to TDF 300 mg. METHODS: In virology substudies, baseline (BL) plasma HIV genotypes (n=332) and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1437)
Miro JM, Plana M, Garcia F, Ortiz GM, Maleno MJ, Arnedo M, Rio AD, Claramonte X, Garcia A, Joseph J, Pumarola T, Nixon D, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; H. Clinic - Idibaps, Barcelona, Spain
Bakground: To analyze if four cycles of STI can restore HIV-1 specific T-cell responses (CD4+ and CTL) and control HIV-1 replication in patients who started HAART within 90 days after onset of PHI symptoms. METHODS: 12 consecutive patients with sustained viral suppression ( 1 after
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1438)
Garcia F, Plana M, Mestre G, Gil C, Cruceta A, Arostegui JI, Arnedo M, Miro JM, Joseph J, Pumarola T, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Infectious Diseases Unit Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To analyze immunologic and virologic predictors of response to STI in 3 Spanish pilots studies in CHI patients in early stage. METHODS: 44 chronic HIV-1-infected patients were treated with diverse regimens of STI. Plasma and tonsillar tissue VL, lymphocyte immunophenotyping and LPR to mitogens, and specific
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1439)
Parish MA, Tarwater P, Lu M, Raines C, Gallant JE;;; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in treatment interruption (TI) after response to HAART. We present data on 75 patients who stopped HAART and assess predictors of reinitiation (RI) and CD4 decline. METHODS: Patients entered an observational database when the clinician interrupted HAART with the plan to reinitiate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1440)
Krolewiecki AJ, Zala C, Gun A, Ochoa C, Perez H, Bouzas MB, Cassetti I, Cahn P;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: HIV treatment guidelines have evolved to a delayed indication to start therapy. Patients who have started therapy under older guidelines might benefit from treatment discontinuation. Toxicity, cost, quality of life (QOL) and drug preservation are areas where these discontinuations might have an impact. METH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrB1441)
Liuzzi G, D'Offizi G, Topino S, Amendola A, Capobianchi M, Perno CF, Narciso P, Antinori A;;; NIID-L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: The persistence of a reservoir of HIV in genital tract compartment can be considered as an impediment to the long-term control and/or eradication of HIV in infected individuals who are receiving HAART: The pathogenic significance of this reservoir as well as its involvement in the rebound of plasma viremia
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrB1442)
Poccia F, Montesano C, Gioia C, Amicosante M, Agrati C, Topino S, Narciso P, Ippolito G, Pucillo LP, D'Offizi G;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Since structured antiretroviral treatments (STI) may boost anti-HIV specific immunity, we analysed the influence of STI on CD8 T cell dynamics and HIV viral rebound. METHODS: Twenty-six chronically HIV-1 infected asymptomatic patients with undetectable HIV-RNA plasma during at least two years of HAART were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1391)
Roy E, Haley N, Leclerc P, Cedras L, Boivin JF;;; Montreal Regional Public Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: To identify predictors of HIV seroconversion among Montreal street youth cohort participants. METHODS: This analysis was restricted to participants who were HIV-negative at study entry, recruited between 01/1995 and 03/2000, and had completed at least one follow-up questionnaire by 09/2000. Predictors of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1392)
Stein ES, Evans JL, Page-Shafer K, Hahn JA, Lum PJ, Moss AR;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Young people from injection drug using families are at high risk for injection drug use (IDU) themselves. We looked at family history of injection, risk behaviors, and HIV and HCV prevalence in the UFO Study, a sample of street-recruited injectors under age 30 in San Francisco. Those initiated into injectin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1393)
Strathdee SA, Safaeian M, Doherty M, Garfein RS, Fuller CM, Sherman SG, Ompad DC, Vlahov D;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined correlates of HIV infection among young, newly initiated injection drug users (IDUs). Existing studies have been limited by low study power. We identified correlates of HIV infection among three study waves of young IDUs in Baltimore, USA. METHODS: IDUs aged 18-29 who had first inj
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1394)
Tyndall MW, Spittal P, Li K, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Vancouver has experienced an explosive outbreak of HIV and Hepatitis C infection among injection drug users despite a legal needle exchange. This study was designed to determine how patterns of drug use influence HIV transmission and specifically to measure the impact of intensive injection cocaine use on H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1395)
Celentano DD, Razak MH, Jittiwutikarn J, Srirak N, Vongchak T, Beyrer CC, Rungruenthanakit K, Suriyanon V;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Few prospective studies among drug users have been conducted in Thailand . Prospective cohort studies can establish the temporal sequence of risk factors for HIV infection, monitor trends in incidence and assess changing risks among drug users. METHOD: Since 5/99, HIV negative drug users have been recruited
BACKGROUND: Monitoring risk behavior in HIV vaccine efficacy trials is necessary to identify changing patterns and to formulate prevention messages. In response to reports of injection of midazolam (a sedative), we evaluated its use and association with needle sharing among participants in the AIDSVAX®B/E vaccine ef
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1443)
Cohn DL, Breese PS, Burman WJ, Lopez DL, Barth BL, Rietmeijer CA, Davidson AJ;;; Denver Public Health, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a dramatic effect on HIV-related morbidity and mortality, but there are concerns that the benefits of HAART may be waning because of drug resistance, side effects, and nonadherence. We evaluated the incidence of selected opportunistic illnesses
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1444)
Pezzotti P, Dorrucci M, Sinicco A, Angarano G, Zazzara M, Mazzarello G, Cusini M, Rezza G;;; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the risk of progressing to death and AIDS by calendar period and by age at seroconversion, exposure category, and gender, before and after the introduction of HAART. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study (Italian Seroconversion Study) of HIV-infected persons with an estimated date of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1445)
Vlahov D, Galai N, Bareta JC, Cohn S, Galea S, Sterling T, Margolick JB;;; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), survival of HIV infected persons has increased substantially. At the same time, more aggressive treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections (OI) also occurred. We evaluated the survival difference attributable to HAART among i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1446)
Dore GJ, McDonald A, Li Y, Kaldor J, Brew B;;; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to determine the effect of introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on survival following AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC). METHODS: Australian AIDS notification data over the period 1993-2000 was examined. Analyses were based on all initial AIDS illnesses. In order to examine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1447)
King SM, Forbes J, Singer J, Lapointe N, Samson L, Embree J, Vaudry W;;; Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To determine the cumulative survival and factors affecting survival among perinatally HIV-infected children in Canada . METHODS: The Canadian Perinatal HIV surveillance program, started in 1992, is an active surveillance program in which pediatric centres and HIV clinics, where HIV-exposed or HIV-infected i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1448)
Hubert JB, Rouzioux C, Boufassa F, Delfraissy JF, Meyer L; Inserm Unite 292, Service d'Epidemiologie, CHU de Kremlin-Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
BACKGROUND: It has been recently suggested to revise downwards recommendations for viral load (VL) thresholds to initiate HAART in women. We investigated whether men and women have a similar risk of progression at an equal level of VL 1) during the natural course of the infection, 2) after initiation of HAART. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1485)
Isingo R, Urassa M, Kishamawe C, Knoops E, Voeten H, Mwaluko G, Boerma T, Zaba B;;; TANESA, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Mobility facilitates sexual mixing and is considered a key risk factor in the spread of HIV, but few studies assess incidence effects. Data from a longitudinal community-based study in Kisesa ward, Mwanza region are used to measure its direct contribution to HIV infection. METHODS: Socio-demographic charact
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1486)
Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss JK, Weiss NS;;; UNIM Project, Kisumu, Kenya
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence linking lack of male circumcision with elevated risk of HIV-1. Male circumcision has thus been suggested as a possible strategy to control the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Others, however, have felt that available evidence is not sufficient to justify such a recommendatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrC1487)
Pilcher CD, Tien H, Vernazza PL, Stewart P, Chakraborty H, Eron JJ, Cohen MS;;; UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Non-human primate studies suggest a parallel relationship between semen and blood viral load over time during acute HIV infection. We hypothesized a similar pattern would hold in humans. METHODS: We measured concurrent blood and semen HIV RNA concentrations from 32 individuals with acute HIV (+RNA, -HIV Ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1488)
Bulterys M, Wiener J, Nesheim S, Lindsay M, Palumbo P, Abrams E, Vink P, Fowler MG;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: In the United States (U.S.), much progress has been made towards the goal of maximally reducing perinatal HIV transmissions. However, infants born preterm remain an important risk group. METHODS: The Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS) is a cohort study conducted in 4 U.S. cities. HIV-in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1489)
van der Straten A, Pettifor A, Dunbar M, Chipato T, Padian N;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Early age of coital debut and older male partners (intergenerational sex) may be risk factors that partially explain the high rates of HIV infection among young women in sub Saharan Africa. METHODS: Using data from a longitudinal study examining the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in Zim
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrC1490)
Inion I, Mwanyumba F, Gaillard P, Chohan V, Verhofstede C, Claeys P, Mandaliya K, Marck EV, Temmerman M;;; University of Gent, Belgium and Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya, Belgium
BACKGROUND: Placental malaria might increase HIV1 transmission by inducing an enhanced HIV1 viral load in the placenta and by disrupting the integrity of placenta and membranes. In this study we assess 1) the prevalence of placental malaria in HIV1 infected and HIV1 non-infected patients, 2) the role of placental malar
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrD1397)
Sasse A, Vincent A, Galand M;;; Medecins sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium
BACKGROUND: Specialised HIV testing site providing anonymous testing in Belgium . Material and methods: The HIV testing site of Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) is located in the centre of Brussels and provides free and anonymous HIV testing along with pre- and post-test counseling since 1989. When necessary a psychologi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1398)
Lansky A, Drake A, Sullivan PS;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Voluntary counseling and testing is a key factor in HIV prevention. We describe prevalence of and reasons for failing to return for HIV test results among three populations at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: The HIV Testing Survey (HITS) was a cross-sectional study conducted in 7 areas of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1399)
Montgomery ET, Kropp R, Hill DW, Ruiz J, Maldonado YA;;; Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: In response to US Public Health Service recommendations to reduce maternal-child transmission of HIV, California enacted a State law in 1996 mandating: 1) the universal offering of an HIV test to all women in prenatal care (PNC), 2) documentation of this offer in the medical record; and 3) a discussion of t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1400)
Strauss SM, Jarlais DC, Vassilev ZP, Astone J;;; NDRI, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Drug treatment programs are uniquely situated to provide drug users with HIV counseling and testing, but not all types of programs make testing available to their patients. While some organizational and institutional factors associated with HIV counseling and testing in outpatient drug treatment programs ha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1401)
Rasmussen H, Chen M, Myrick R, Truax S;;; Department of Health Services, Office of AIDS, Sacramento, United States
BACKGROUND: In 1996, the California State Office of AIDS (OA) began implementing an innovative statewide HIV counseling and testing (C&T) referral initiative (NIGHT) targeting high-risk populations. Through the use of mobile vans, NIGHT offers street outreach in geographic locations frequented by high-risk individu
BACKGROUND: TB and HIV are causing a major combined epidemic. There is considerable momentum to tackle them together by linking HIV counselling and care with TB prevention and treatment. METHODS: Combined HIV/TB pilot sites were set up in Lusaka in conjunction with government and NGO health providers. Access to care wa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1426)
Renjifo B, Vitamin and HIV Study Group TZ, Gilbert P, Chaplin B, Msamanga G, Mwakagile D, Fawzi W, Essex M;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, United States Territory
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 subtype C has become the most prevalent subtype in the HIV pandemic, accounting for the majority of all circulating subtypes in the world and the most devastating epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa. In a large mother to child transmission (MTCT) cohort in Tanzania , we described that mothers infected wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1427)
Taha TE, Kumwenda N, Gibbons A, Hoover D, Fiscus S, Lema V, Liomba G, Broadhead R;;; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that a combined regimen of oral NVP and Zidovudine (ZDV) given directly to the newborn alone could reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. METHODS: An open-label randomized clinical trial is in progress in Blantyre, Malawi .
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1428)
Dabis F, Leroy V, Bequet L, Ekouevi DK, Viho I, Horo A, Timite-Konan M, Welffens-Ekra C;;; Unite Inserm 330, Universite Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: In Africa, short regimens of monotherapy of either zidovudine (ZDV) or nevirapine (NVP) have demonstrated their efficacy for PMTCT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of a short regimen of ZDV + NVP for peripartum PMTCT. METHODS: A non randomized therapeutic cohort in Abidj
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1429)
Peters VB, Thomas P, Liu KL, Gill B, Dominguez KL, Frederick T, Melville S, Hsu H, Orengo JC, Rakusan T, The Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Consortium PS;;; New York City, Department of Health, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: We describe trends in perinatal HIV prevention methods, transmission rates, and the contribution of missed opportunities of prevention in infants enrolled in CDC s Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (PSD). METHODS: We analyzed data from infant medical records on 5,054 HIV-exposed deliveries, 1996-00,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1430)
Chaovarindr U, Chalermchokcharoenkit A, Asavapiriyanont S, Sirimai K, Culnane M, Teeraratkul A, Simonds RJ, Tappero JW;;; Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Introduction: At Rajavithi and Siriraj Hospitals in Bangkok, standard practice for preventing mother-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) includes voluntary counseling and HIV testing for all pregnant women, and short-course zidovudine (ZDV) twice daily from 34-36 weeks gestation, 4 weeks of infant ZDV, and infant formula.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1431)
de Zoysa I, Sweat M, Schmid G, O'Reilly K, Denison J;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: WHO advocates a 3-prong strategy to reduce mother to child HIV transmission: (1) preventing HIV among women, especially young women (2) preventing unintended pregnancies in HIV-infected women, and (3) preventing transmission from an HIV-infected woman to her infant. Nevirapine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1449)
Wolf K, Young J, Taffe P, Flepp M, Furrer HJ, Telenti A, Hirschel B, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Rickenbach M, Bucher HC;;; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Sexual contact is the major mode of HIV transmission worldwide. Increased sexual risk taking has been reported in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: We evaluated the sexual risk behaviour of individuals in the SHCS in relation to antiretroviral therapy (ART), resp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1450)
Elford J, Bolding G, Sherr L;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To examine whether HIV optimism (ie optimism in the light of new HIV drug therapies) can account for the recent increase in high risk sexual behaviour among gay men in London. METHODS: Gay men (n=2938) using central London gyms were asked to complete anonymous self-administered questionnnaires in 1998, 1999
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1451)
Sgombich X, Souteyrand Y, Damianovic N, Arredondo A, Dore V, Henriquez A; NOUS Investigacion &Asesoria, Santiago de Chile, Chile
BACKGROUND: Since 1997 Chile has been scaling up access to antiretroviral multitherapies (ARV). Impact of enlarging access to treatment on preventive behaviors is a major issue. We compare sexual and preventive behaviors of people treated (PWT) and untreated (PNT) with ARV. METHODS: A random sample of 800 PLWHIV (161 w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1452)
Prudhomme J, Msellati P, Souville M, Moatti JP;;; Observatoire regional de la sante, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: Few data are available in Africa on the impact of antiretroviral treatment on risk behaviors among HIV-infected patients. We aimed to identify factors associated with sexual risky behaviours among HIV-infected patients who consult for HIV in Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1453)
Stolte IG, Wit de JB, Dukers NH, Coutinho RA;;; Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Optimistic treatment beliefs occurring due to availability of HAART are known to be associated with increased sexual risk behaviour among homosexual men (HM). However, these findings are based on cross sectional studies, where causality is not clear. This study therefore prospectively investigated the assoc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1454)
Miller ML, Schilder AJ, Buchner CS, Martindale SL, Chan K, Craib KJ, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS, Spittal P;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Introduction: HAART optimism or HIV optimism is the concern expressed by some health care practitioners that the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy may be linked to a resurgence of risk behaviour. New statistical findings from our cohort, however, indicate that only a minority of gay & bisexual men wa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1491)
van de Ven P, Prestage G, Rawstorne P, Nakamura T, Crawford J, Kippax S, Grulich A;;; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: To examine trends and factors associated with non-condom use among gay men in Sydney. METHODS: Biannual cross-sectional surveys using self-complete questionnaires distributed at Fair Days, social and sex-on-premises venues, and clinics from 1996 to 2001. Data were annualised. Practices were assessed in the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1492)
Beltzer N, Chauveau J, Gremy I;;; ORS Ile-de-France, Paris, France
Aids KABP (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practises) surveys have been performed regularly in France since 1992. A Ten-year follow-up in condom use among heterosexuals is therefore available in France to measure the impact on condom use of information and aids prevention campaigns towards HIV infection. A national t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1493)
Holtgrave DR, Crosby RA, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Gayle JA;;; Emory University Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Social capital includes trust, reciprocity and cooperation among community members working together to achieve common goals; it has been correlated with public health variables including violence and mortality. However, the relationship between social capital and infectious diseases has received little atte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrD1494)
Patil P, Bishai D, Rakai Project Group R;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: The current HIV/AIDS research and prevention paradigm in dominated by the study of individual risk factors. Recent literature suggests the importance of re-focusing on contextual and social influences on individual level HIV risk behaviors and status. This study examined the influences of community level me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1495)
Matos TD, Robles RR, Marrero CA, Reyes JC, Colon HM;;; Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
BACKGROUND: The association between alcohol use and HIV risk behaviors remains unclear. This study examined if alcohol use is associated with both injection and sex risk behaviors among IDUs. METHODS: A total of 555 IDUs not currently in a treatment program were recruited between 1998-2000 in a suburban area in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrD1496)
Tumuhairwe E, Baryarama F, Bunnell R, Mubangizi J, Kalule J, Mermin J, Hitimana-Lukanika C, Ransom R;;; AIDS Information Centre, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: The AIDS Information Centre (AIC), has been providing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) to both individuals and couples since 1990. 75% of couples with at least one HIV-infected member are discordant. Although AIC has been promoting VCT for couples, the majority (77%) of clients still present as indiv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1403)
Peres CA, Peres RA, da Silveira F, Paiva V, Hearst N;;; Sao Paulo State STD/AIDS Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Incarcerated adolescents are at extremely high social risk and in some settings have high HIV prevalence. Little is known, however, about how these adolescents compare to their peers in AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behavior. Mehtods: In 1998, 276 boys were randomly selected from the FEBEM juvenile de
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1404)
Miller KS, Wyckoff SC, Whitaker DJ, Forehand RL, Armistead LP, Kotchick BA, Long N, Shaffer A, Murry VM, Kelly A, Jackson LC;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Signs of sexual awareness are evident in pre-teens. METHODS: The first 345 of 1200 pre-teens (9-12 years of age) enrolled in a longitudinal, community based, US intervention trial of families in the Southeastern US, were surveyed about sexual thoughts, intentions and behaviors. RESULTS: When asked how many
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1405)
Mshana G, Wamoyi J, Plummer M, Wight D, Ross D, Salamba Z;;; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Young people s perceptions of HIV and AIDS in rural Africa have rarely been explored. METHODS: 20 HIV positive, 3 pregnant and 49 randomly selected primary school pupils participated in in-depth interviews. A series of 3-4 focus group discussions were held with a male and a female group of young people in e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1406)
Wood KM;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Despite the seriousness of the HIV epidemic in their midst and their witnessing of AIDS-related deaths among peers, South African youth continue to adopt safer sexual practices only erratically. This paper seeks to take analysis beyond narrow, individualistic explanations which focus on attitudes towards co
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1407)
Zungu NG;;; University, Durban, South Africa
ISSUES: Despite the high level of HIV/ AIDS awareness in South Africa (90%+), in 2001 the Medical Research Council of South Africa (MRC) reported about 4, 1 million out of 40 million people are living with HIV/ AIDS in the country - and this translates to give a ratio of 1:10. Besides, the MRC projects that the cumulat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1408)
Salazar XS, rate MR, Maiorana AM, Coates TC, ceres CC;;; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: Young people constitute a frequently studied group in sexual health. In most studies, the rule has been to regard them as a homogeneous group defined by developmental stages, and to see their problems as inherent to youth, rather than as a result of structural vulnerability. METHODS: In an ethnographic stud
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1421)
Attaran A;;; Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, United States
ISSUES: Recent research (Attaran et al, 2001, JAMA 286:1886-1892) has demonstrated that for low income countries, the barrier to antiretroviral treatment is not often the existence of patents. In a pairwise comparison of 53 African countries and 15 antiretroviral drugs, patents exist in only 21.6% of cases, such that 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1422)
Kraisintu K;;; Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
ISSUES: In the Resolution WHO Medicines Strategy (WHA54.11), the World Health Assembly recognizes the efforts of Members States to expand access to drugs and promote domestic industry, cooperate constructively in strengthening pharmaceutical policies and practices, including those applicable to generic drugs and intell
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1423)
Morales C, Brousselle A; Universite de Montreal, GRIS / CMIS, Hopital Sainte-Justine / Chilean Drug Access Initiative ANRS Study Group, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: The informal market (IM) for ARV in Chile is perceived as a growing phenomenon, poorly documented and that constitutes major public health challenges. First, clients are exposed to several risks: ARV from doubtful sources may be of sub-optimal quality, discontinuity of supply may cause virus resistances, pa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1424)
Szwarcwald CL;;; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Brazil is the unique low-income country to provide universal access to ARV therapy. Highly positive related effects have been evidenced, such as the substantial reduction of AIDS mortality. However, the cost of newly released ARV medicines has challenged the Brazilian Program in maintaining universal access
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1425)
Heywood MJ;;; AIDS Law Project, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: Annually over 70 000 infants are born with HIV in South Africa . However, despite the growing body of medical evidence/opinion on the efficacy and benefits of interventions to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission, the South African government s response is characterised by obfuscation and delay. This causes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1455)
Mashinini Z;;; Gauteng Health Department, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: Cultural interventions to overcome denial ensure an appropriate context for communication and facilitate a response to social factors driving the HIV epedemic. Work is done in contemporary and traditional cultural contexts. DESCRIPTION: Cultural interventions are used in a range of contexts: - Traditional song
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1456)
Parmar PA;;; Project Director, JKSAPCS, Jammu, India
ISSUES: Jammu and Kashmir is an insurgency affected State having diversified relief, extreme climatic conditions, varied racial, cultural and ethnic groups. Reaching out to people with HIV/AIDS prevention and control messages is most challenging task. However Art and Culture of Jammu and Kashmir alongwith media Campaig
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1457)
Portela MO;;; Medikus, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DESCRIPTION/EXPERIENCE REPORT Its social-cultural concept (social: bringing important information on AIDS prevention to a public of students in a simple and specific language, through the play RED ALERT , and cultural: stimulating the interest of students regarding drama) has grown significantly in Brazil
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1458)
Barrios ME, Quino J;;; Labyrinth Theatre and Puppets, Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUES: Theater workshops as a means of education, prevention, information and sensitization about HIV/AIDS; use of theatrical events to raise awareness about issues. DESCRIPTION: Since 1988 Labyrinth Theatre & Puppets (LTP) has created presentations using puppets and actors in workshops, courses and conferences ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1459)
Seebacher S;;; International Federation of Red Cross &Red Crescent Societies, Bangkok, Thailand
ISSUES: HIV/AIDS related stigmatization and discrimination are key issues in many countries of the Asia-Pacific region, causing an inefficient and/or inadequate response to the epidemic. To address the issue, the East and Southeast Asia Regional Health Unit, Bangkok, of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1460)
Kataami KA, Akola AC;;; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: The Bagishu is a tribe found in Mbale district in the Eastern region of Uganda . Traditionally, Bagishu boys ranging from 12 - 20 years are circumcised for initiation into manhood. During circumcision period (only even years) the major activity is dancing to traditional music and drinking alcohol, which inc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1497)
Flowers P, Frankis J, Rosengarten M, Davis M, Hart G, Imrie J;;; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Background To explore the medical construction of the HIV positive person in current literature regarding the efficacy of HIV treatments and theorise the potential impact of such constructions on positive individuals experiences of treatments and treatment failure. Method Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searche
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1498)
Adam BD;;; University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
ISSUES: the soco-historical context and epistemological premises that ground contemporary hypotheses trying to explain rising HIV rates in major cities of advanced, industrial societies. DESCRIPTION: The AIDS optimism hypothesis and the search for barebackers reflect a particular cultural construction of HIV disease, c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1499)
Campbell CM, MacPhail C, Mzaidume Z, Williams BG;;; Reader in Social Psychology, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: We explore the role of local community participation in HIV prevention. It has been argued that participation promotes sexual health through building social capital (trust, support, positive identity resulting from local participation) in target communities, providing the optimal context for the re-negotiat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1500)
Hurley M, Grierson JW, Willis JM, McDonald KM, Pitts MK;;; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University,, Melbourne, Australia
ISSUES: Cultures of HIV positive gay male sex in developed epidemics have outpaced policy environments to the extent that policy environments threaten to undercut safe sex cultures. In Australia , minor variations in HIV incidence and increases in unprotected sex are being interpreted as breakdowns in safe sex practice
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrE1501)
Knowlton AR;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Theory-based research may help identify potential targets and strategies of intervention to promote HIV prevention and care among populations living with HIV/AIDS. Social theories suggest that social- compared to individual-level intervention may be more powerful for effecting and sustaining behavior change
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrE1502)
Coutinho L;;; University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: This research paper focuses on a question of lies and truths within the discourse of health and illness as has emerged during my research on HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns. Health education materials may be read as narratives, which attempt to give particular meaning to state, community and individual experi
ISSUES: HIV/AIDS treatments, including anti-retroviral therapies, are increasingly provided in resource-poor settings in contexts such as the mining industry, or to local staff of international organizations. However there is limited documented experience with providing HIV/AIDS treatments to staff of AIDS NGOs. Yet th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1410)
Houston S, Mielke J, Chitsike I, Gangaidzo I, Mutetwa S, Chingono A, Ray S;;; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
BACKGROUND: Lack of open discussion at political, community and personal levels is a major obstacle to an effective community response to HIV. Non-disclosure/discussion of HIV, even when clinically apparent, is common in practice, reinforcing the conspiracy of silence . Doctors have not been well prepared to address HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1411)
Benno M, Paranthaman N, Nanmozhi VR;;; South India AIDS Action Programme, Chennai, India
ISSUE: Structured Supervision in the field of Counselling as a concept is new in India , owing to workload and emotional drain counsellors get burnt out and space to ventilate is limited, therefore building structured supervisory system and establishing a cadre of trained supervisors is inevitable. DESCRIPTION: - Affil
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1412)
Hansell PS, Budin W, Jeski D, Ciglia J;;; Seton Hall University, South Orange, United States
ISSUES: Caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS experience numerous problems that threaten the integrity of the family system. Inorder to maintain the integrity of the family system while facilitating and promoting effective coping inorder to mitigate stress, effective problem solving is essential. Accordingly, there is m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1413)
Nagaraja P;;; TARSHI, New Delhi, India
Issues addressed: In India , where more and more people are being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, the few qualified health-care professionals and counsellors that exist work under tremendous emotional and other pressure. The pressures are manifold in a culture that promotes silence around issues of sexuality and consequently
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1414)
Ferreira Gomes da Silva IA;;; STD/AIDS Coordination of Sao Paulo City Health Departament, Sao Paulo, Brazil
ISSUE: From among the Brazil s answers to Aids epidemic, Therapeutic Home Care has been an important strategy to the care of people who need to be attended in their homes. This way, the family context makes evident the relevance of caretakers figure. The caretakers role,however,means many times an accumulation of tasks
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1461)
Souto K, Doneda D, Telles P;;; National STD and AIDS Programme Office, Brasilia DF, Brazil
ISSUE: The Policy of Female Condom Distribution in Brazil has a clear gender approach. In governmental and non-governmental settings, educational interventions and all prevention actions are planned and executed directly by women and men who participate in the projects. This approach guaranteed high acceptance and invo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1462)
Hoffman S, Morrissey KL, Mantell JE, Exner TM, Brothers LP, Lee JY, Pili C;;; HIV Center for Clinical &Behavioral Studies, Mailman School of Public Health/Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The acceptability and uptake of microbicides will likely be heavily influenced by the attitudes of health care providers, who play a major role in providing information about and access to women s contraceptive and disease prevention methods. In this qualitative interview study, we sought to understand the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1463)
Mantell JE, Myers BL, Ramjee G;;; HIV Center for Clinical &Behavioral Studies, New York, United States
Introduction: With the burgeoning research on the acceptability of microbicides, there is an urgent need to examine the strengths and weaknesses of existing acceptability tools. METHODS: Electronic databases and abstracts of recent HIV/STD meetings were searched for studies that presented primary quantitative or qualit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1464)
Lonngi LB;;; Fundacion Mexicana para la Planeacion Familiar (MEXFAM), Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUES: Masculinity, condoms, services for youth, prevention DESCRIPTION: The current work is the result of an investigation exploring psychosocial elements that make up masculinity in young men, with the goal of understanding to what point masculinity, as a social construction, is an impediment to HIV/AIDS prevention.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1465)
de Schutter MA, van Mens LP, Garcia-Sanchez I, Pinzon-Pulido S;;; Stichting soa-bestrijding, Utrecht, The Netherlands
ISSUES: Women are increasingly at risk of contracting HIV and other STI s. In Europe, relatively little attention has been given to gender-specific prevention strategies. DESCRIPTION: The project Women s Network PHASE (Prevention of HIV, AIDS and STI s in Europe) aims at the dissemination of information, the creation o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1466)
Gruber JM, Tekle T, Gottlieb P, Higo S, Aradom T;;; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Sexual violence as a weapon of war and displacement is a major factor in HIV infection. With up to 60 million refugees and IDPs world wide, addressing this issue is essential. Assistance is hugely challenging during conflict; victims can be stigmatised post-conflict and HIV implications are all too often ignore
ISSUES: Sex workers living in Bangkok found they needed a non-threatening way to educate their clients, peers and the community about the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention through condom use. Because the women often work with international clients who speak many languages, it was imperative that they develop a way to c
ISSUES: Since more than twenty years ago, Colombia is experiencing an internal political driven war, aggravated during the last decade by narcotraffic and paramilitary - related violence. More than 1.500.000 population have been forced to leave their towns and farms, and are currently surviving in extremely poor condit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1475)
Hammett TM, Jarlais DC, Liu W, Ngu D, Son N;;; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
ISSUES: The China- Vietnam border lies athwart a major heroin trafficking route along which injection drug use and HIV have spread. There is substantial cross-border movement for drug purchase, sale, and consumption, and rapidly rising HIV prevalence rates due to sharing of injection equipment: about 10% HIV prevalence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1476)
Kashyap P, Negassa H, Daoudi A, Lewis J;;; United Nations World Food Programme, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ISSUES: Ethiopia has the second largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. Truck drivers are typically at high risk of contracting and spreading HIV due to their mobility and extended periods of time away from home. The UN World Food Programme (WFP) employs over 2000 truck drivers to deliver relief food f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1477)
Kopp C, Zuppinger B, Matuschek S, Spang T;;; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
ISSUES: HIV/AIDS prevention faces the challenge to continuously reach new vulnerable populations. Based on epidemiological data showing increased rates of HIV infections amongst Sub-Saharan migrants in Switzerland (SSM) in 2000, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH) is initiating a prevention project with t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1478)
Bandopadhyay N, Ray K, Banerjee A, Jana S, Saha A, Kerrigan D, Mahendra VS;;; Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee, Kolkata, India
BACKGROUND: The Sonagachi Project in Kolkata, India has been recognized by UNAIDS as a best practices model for its use of a community development approach to HIV prevention among female sex workers (SW). Little research has been conducted to identify the core elements of community development interven
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1514)
Santos CE, Vitoria MA, Lima JN;;; STD/AIDS Program - Ministry of Health (MOH), Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUES: With the advent of HAART the Brazilian MOH alternative care programme for patients with HIV/AIDS has been facilitating the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) treatment access, according to different complexity degrees, stimulating out patient care, presenting better cost-benefit relationship and providing bette
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1515)
Lackritz EM, Marston BJ, Downing R, Diomande F, Macharia D, Malamba S, Solberg P, Mermin JH, Nkengasong J, Weidle PJ, Ellerbrock TV;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
ISSUES: Access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in resource-restricted countries has been extremely limited due to the high cost of drugs and the technical complexity of patient management and laboratory monitoring. New approaches to treatment are needed to expand ARV programs in countries with limited resources and inf
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrF1516)
Rwabuhihi E, Binagwaho A, Kagame A, Karita E, von Zinkernagel D, Iskowitz M, Thurman S, Goosby E;;; Ministry of Health, Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
ISSUE: The Rwanda Family Package is a model for expanding medical care and support services for HIV/AIDS in community settings in a resource-constrained environment. The goal is to extend survival benefits of MTCT programs to address the health needs of HIV+ parents and siblings as the first step in a national treatmen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1517)
Potet J, Fleutelot E;;; Ensemble Contre le Sida, Paris, France
ISSUE: Ensemble Contre le Sida (ECS) has been supporting Aids Service Organisations and groups of people living with HIV/Aids (PWAs) in developing countries for the last five years. One of the aspects of this support is in the in designand implementation of innovative community-based care projects. Aren t those initiat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1518)
Raveis VH, Karus DG, Marconi K, Selwyn P, Perrone M, Hanna B, Patterson E, RosefieldJr. HA;;; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
ISSUES: Although AIDS-related death rates have fallen in recent years, it remains a fatal illness and the global burden of this disease continues to grow exponentially. For those unable to tolerate treatment or for whom aggressive therapy is no longer effective, palliative care is essential. DESCRIPTION: There are diff
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrF1519)
Calmy A, Ciaffi L, Pedrique B, de Vincenzi I, Michon C, Andrieux-Meyer I;;; MSF, Geneva, Switzerland
ISSUES: MSF- Switzerland started its ARV program in Yaounde and Guatemala City at the end of 2000, aiming to show that ARV treatment was feasible and to promote the introduction of cheaper ARV treatment. These pilot programs enrolled 100-150 patients each. They require improvement of laboratory support and of overall p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1415)
Masindi N, Hlatshwayo Z, Msimang Z, Monareng D, Treger L;;; University of Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: The Abstain, Be Faithful and Condomise (ABC) strategy that South Africa is using to prevent HIV infection has proved inadequate. This is because the ABC strategy does not deal with issues of gender inequality and poverty, which when combined, may make it virtually impossible for people to abstain from sex, be f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1416)
Estela Fabiana Pardo EF, Lorenzo Vargas Cornejo LV;;; Intilla Asociacion Civil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Intilla Asociacion Civil has been working on community interaction with the transgender population, that due to the poverty the members of this community are constantly exposed to the violations of their civil rights. What this community experiences is an important risk factor and because of this they are in an extreme
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1417)
Tandon T;;; Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit, Mumbai, India
ISSUE: Trafficking of children for commercial sexual exploitation is a grave concern. Interventions by law enforcement agencies to counter trafficking have affected the lives of women in sex work and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. While the protection of minors is a rightful concern, issues of human rights violations again
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1418)
Gardner JB;;; SWEAT (Sex Worker Education and Advocacy Taskforce), Cape Town, South Africa
The current illegal status of sex work is a major factor preventing effective HIV prevention programmes in the commercial sex industry. Sex work is not seen as a legitimate form of employment and labour legislation governing other legitimate industries do not apply. Although supportive and respectful management does ex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1419)
Murungi K, Mabele NP;;; IGLHRC c/o Human Rights Watch, New York, United States
ISSUES: Sexual violence confirms the vulnerability of already marginalized groups, and creates new forms of vulnerability and marginalization. The rape crisis in South Africa , and its role in the HIV/AIDS pandemic, cannot be addressed without understanding how gender and sexual norms--and social punishment for those w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1420)
Banerjee PK;;; New Alipore Praajak Development Society, Kolkata, India
ISSUE: The Kothis (MSM with a female gender construct) of Kolkata set off to villages and towns in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh to dance during Lagan- the wedding season. This paper delves into the atrocities and sexual violence they undergo during Lagan.DESCRIPTION: The Kothis owing to their effeminate mannerism are stigma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1467)
DeJong J, Castle C, Goumbala B, Lucas S;;; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
ISSUES: There is widespread concern that organisations addressing HIV/AIDS are not operating at sufficient scale or with enough impact to stem its progress. Only a very small proportion of the world s population at risk of HIV infection is currently being reached ( UNAIDS June 2000 Report). NGOs ranging from community-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1468)
Kahn JG, Marseille E, Over M, Lundberg M, Garnett G, Saba J, Reeler A, Bertozzi S;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
ISSUES. With growing international funds for AIDS, there is an urgent need for data to guide the efficient scaling up of HIV prevention spending in developing countries. We report on the initial phase of an NIH-funded multi-center study on the economics of HIV prevention in developing countries. The goal is to provide
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1469)
Gimbel-Sherr SO, Sherr KH, Coutinho J, Mercer MA, Gloyd S;;; Health Alliance International, Beira, Mozambique
ISSUES: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV is typically a first step taken by national governments to move beyond prevention strategies and address HIV/AIDS care and support. Collaboration between NGOs and the formal health sector to conduct VCT may determine the extent to which the official health system w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1470)
St. Louis ME, Mugurungi O, Fussell M, Mayes R, Dhlakama D, McCray E;;; CDC-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
ISSUES: In most highly-affected countries, the penetration of effective new interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention and care (such as VCT, PMTCT, and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis) remains disappointing. Eroding public health infrastructure and low salaries of public health officials are the main barriers, but the lack of a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1471)
Mehra S, Sakhuja A, Panwar M;;; MAMTA, New Delhi, India
ISSUES: The way HIV/AIDS affect children follows a tragically predictable pattern across the developing countries. Their vulnerability gets compounded due to lack of information and access to services to address the problem. With an increasing number of potentially vulnerable children, the care and support needs would
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1472)
Lawson PJ, Monterroso E, Coleman E;;; Acadmey for Educational Development (AED), Washington, DC, United States
ISSUE: Community involvement is critical to prevent and address HIV. Mobilizing communities may mean different things for different programs, people, and outcomes. Many successful community involvement programs support members in finding a voice. Yet, defining successful outcomes and evaluating impact and sustainabilit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1503)
Bery P, Plumley B;;; Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS, New York, United States
ISSUES: The business sector is increasingly called upon to play a substantive role in the global response to HIV/AIDS. Business involvement must be viewed more broadly than financial contributions. AIDS programs and partnerships can be enhanced and expanded through traditional business expertise. Yet the value of harne
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1504)
Leather S, Alli B, Lisk F;;; International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland
ISSUES: The ILO Programme on HIV/AIDS and the world of work was established in November 2000. It builds on the ILO s strenghts and existing structures, and collaborates with its tripartite constituents to promote prevention in the workplace, combat discrimination, and mitigate the social and economic impact of the dise
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1505)
Rosen SB, MacLeod WB, Vincent JR, Fox MP, Thea D, Simon JL;;; Center for International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
BACKGROUND: Better information on the potential costs of AIDS in the private sector is needed to manage the epidemic and assess the net benefits of interventions, but few rigorous quantitative analyses are available. We estimated the cost of AIDS to businesses and the benefits of prevention and treatment using company-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1506)
Nunez CA, Burgos M, Marino G;;; PASCA / The Futures Group International, Guatemala City, Guatemala
ISSUES: Panama currently reports the third largest incidence rate of AIDS cases in Central America. Recently, through a special legislation on AIDS, National Congress declared AIDS a national priority. A multisectoral plan has been proposed. Private sector decided to play an important role in promoting prevention.
ISSUES: Heineken International sought long term assessment of the impact of AIDS on their business in both direct cost and indirect cost terms. They required analysis in three production locations in Africa and Asia to evaluate the impact and implications of offering highly active antiretroviral therapy to HIV-postive
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1508)
Stevens M;;; Ms, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: Employers are not bound to provide any benefits to their employees. Costs for supporting a PWA are easily transferred from the employer to the state to the household. Arguments have emerged suggesting that it may be cost effective for business to provide benefits to HIV positive skilled workers, the assumption
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1509)
Bazergan RY;;; Centre for Defence Studies, King's college, University of London, London, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Infections in the ranks mean that militaries are increasingly citing HIV/AIDS as a strategic and security issue. Some armed forces have expressed concern about being able to deploy combat ready units at short notice. In addition, the military are increasingly being seen a high-risk group that may act as a condu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1509a)
Chiduo B, Wambura L, Washija NR, Shilangila N, Kishamawe C, Banyenda G, Biseko S, Liere MV, Wilson F;;; Tanesa, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: The hiv/aids epidemic hits members of all categories of the society though its impact on each of them is different. Resource-poor households with chronically-ill people (CIP) are hit harder than others and are likely to become food-insecure throughout the year. The extent to which aids contributes to food i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1510)
Villarreal M, Gari JA;;; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
ISSUES: Due to widespread morbidity and mortality of agricultural workers, HIV/AIDS undermines agricultural dynamics, whilst posing tremendous pressures on food security, nutrition and healthcare among the rural poor. In particular, HIV/AIDS accelerates the ongoing erosion of agro-biodiversity and indigenous knowledge,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1511)
Badcock-Walters PJ, Heard WA, Wilson DN;;; University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
ISSUES: The impact of HIV/AIDS on Africa s education sector is profound and is eroding the delivery of learning, teaching and development to an unprecedented degree. The primary impact of the disease is to exacerbate existing levels of dysfunction and make an already bad situation worse. Conventional education manageme
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThOrG1512)
Ainsworth M, Beegle K, Koda G;;; The World Bank, Washington DC, United States
The AIDS epidemic is leaving many African children parentless. The loss of a parent could reduce a child s schooling if families are unable to pay fees, the demand for a child s time at home increases or guardians are less motivated to invest in orphans. The evidence of this relationship is largely anecdotal. It is imp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThOrG1513)
Luchtenburg PW;;; World Relief, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
ISSUES: More than one in a hundred Cambodians live with HIV/AIDS and USAID has declared Cambodia a rapid scale-up country. Household women are increasingly at risk through their HIV-positive husbands, however, few resources are targeting these women. The Microfinance sector in Cambodia reaches more than 250,000 clients
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7078)
Fernandez-Medina RD, Lundin K, Berglund M, Wigzell H, Persson MA;;; Karolinska Institute &FIOCRUZ, Stockholm, Sweden
Background A phage display library screening approach was used to identify peptide sequences that could bind to gp13 an anti-HIV-1 Mab that recognises a conformational epitope on the CD4bs of the viral envelope protein gp120. Methods Both a 9 and a 15-mer random phage peptide libraries were used to establish if clones
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7079)
Bongertz V, Ouverney EP, Maia-Teixeira SL, Silva-de-Jesus C, Hacker M, Telles PR, Morgado MG, Bastos FI;;; AIDS Lab / Immunol Deptm / IOC / FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
BACKGROUND: To further analyze anterior observations on more frequent seroreactivity of putative IDU sera in comparison to sera from individuals declaring to be infected with HIV-1 by sexual transmission (S group) (J Clin Vir 12:37-42, 1999), titrations of positive sera were carried out. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7080)
Russo PC, Pracanica A, Succi RC, Beltrao SA, Santos A, Weckx L, de Moraes-Pinto MI;;; Federal university of Sao Paulo, Sao paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Studies on the response to immunization in HIV-infected children have rarely addressed antibody avidity, a known marker antibody function. METHODS: 16 HIV-infected children (HIV) were compared to 21 seroreverters (SR) and to 26 healthy children born to HIV-negative mothers (CNT) in a prospective study at th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7081)
Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Mugerwa R, Mugyenyi P, Mbidde E, Salata R, Flores J, Ellner J;;; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Uganda initiated a safety and immunogenicity preventive HIV-1 vaccine trial in early 1999. One of the study objectives was to evaluate HIV-specific antibody responses induced by ALVAC vCP205 HIV vaccine against clade A, B, and D HIV-1 isolates in healthy adults. METHODS: Forty healthy low risk adult volunte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7082)
Marques HH, Nagao-Dias AT, Arslanian-Kubo C, Carneiro-Sampaio MM, Carneiro-Sampaio MM;;; Children's Institute Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Backgrounds: There are few studies evaluating IgG subclasses levels in HIV infected children and the response to polysacharides vaccines. Severely immunocompromised patients do not respond well to the routine immunization. The objective of the study was to evaluate these aspects in a cohort of Brazilian HIV-infected ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7083)
Humbert M, Koenigs C, Landersz M, Mooser D, Dietrich U;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
BACKGROUND: Neutralizing antibodies against primary HIV-1 isolates play an important role in virus control. The aim of this study was to map the epitopes of antibodies present in early HIV positive sera by phage display technology. METHODS: We screened sera from 3 patients infected with different subtypes of HIV-1 with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7084)
Polonis VR, deSouza MS, Chantakulkij S, Darden JM, Sambor A, Nitayaphan S, Brown A, Birx DL;;; Henry M.Jackson Fnd, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials testing HIV-1 vaccines from subtypes CRF01_AE (E) and B are currently ongoing in Thailand . A panel of characterized viruses was established as a tool for assessing immunogenicity in vaccine trials and to explore differences between subtypes. Forty-nine subtype E (48 Thai and 1 Indonesian) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7085)
Barin F, Brunet S, Lesage G, Brand D, Stiegler G, Katinger H;;; Univ F Rabelais, Tours, France
BACKGROUND. To develop assays for detection and titration of antibodies (Ab) to 2 conserved broadly neutralizing epitopes (2G12, 2F5) of HIV-1. To analyze the prevalence of such antibodies during natural infection and the association with neutralizing antibodies in vitro. METHODS. Two competitive ELISAs were developed.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7086)
Yamashiro R, Oliveira CA, Campos AR, Fernandes A, Ueda M;;; Serology Dept./Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV-1-indeterminate Western Blot test (WB) results in samples from non-infected patients are frequently due to cross-reactive antibodies to HIV-1 gag products. The Central Laboratory of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) - Sao Paulo, Brazil has routinely confirmed HIV-1 antibodies by means of Immunofluorescenc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7087)
Butto' S, Fiorelli V, Ruiz MJ, Ensoli F, Colvin M, Vardas E, Ciccozzi M, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: A vaccine against HIV/AIDS with a biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein is able to control viral replication and disease progression in monkeys. Phase I clinical trials with a Tat-based vaccine (B strain) are being started in Italy and phase II trials are planned in Italy,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7088)
Ensoli F, Fiorelli V, Butto' S, Tripiciano A, Collacchi B, Mezzaroma I, Aiuti F, Ensoli B;;; Department of Allergy and Immunology, University"La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Preventive and therapeutic phase I clinical trials with a Tat-based vaccine (B strain) are being prepared in Italy and phase II trials are planned in Italy and Africa. In addition to the analysis of the immune response to Tat during the natural course of infection, its assessment during antiretroviral thera
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7089)
Pires A, Pido-Lopez J, Moyle G, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N;;; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Administration of hrGH with HAART in HIV-1 infection may increase thymic activity, resulting in the production of naive T cells, and drive differentiation into functional memory/effector cells. Twelve chronic HIV-1 infected individuals mean age 43.4 +/- 7.4 years on HAART received rhGH. Viral load was undetectable in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7090)
Imami N, Pires A, Moyle G, Spentzou A, Gazzard B, Gotch F;;; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Immunotherapeutic strategies in chronic HIV-1 infection require induction of virus-specific CD4 and subsequent activation of CD8 T cells. Concomitant administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) with HAART may boost immune reconstitution and specific T cell responses. METHODS: Twelve HIV-1 infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7092)
Mestre G, Garcia F, Soriano A, Plana M, Cruceta A, Arostegui J, Lejeune M, Joseph J, Miro JM, Romero JD, Rodriguez A, Barrasa A, Lorenzo JI, Gatell JM, Gallart T;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The factors involved in progression are not fully understood in HIV-1 infection. The objective of this study was to assess the features of lymphocyte T subsets in a cohort of LTNP. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 69 LTNP HIV-infected patients (median of follow-up: 140 months, Median viral load: 2519 c/ml)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7093)
Fidler S, Nicholson C, Braganza R, Beddows S, Pinheiro S, Dong T, Rowland-Jones S, Weber J;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Aims This project aimed to identify whether HIV specific Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) responses quantified in HEPS individuals were a direct response to exposure to their HIV+ partners virus. Background HIV specific immune responses have been identified in HEPS subjects to a broadspectrum of conserved regions of HIV. Wh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7094)
Frahm N, Adams CM, Sengupta D, Brown N, Marincola FM, Roach T, StJohn A, Korber B, Goulder PJ, Walker BD, Brander C;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: Virus specific CTL have been associated with control of HIV replication in vivo and many targeted CTL epitopes have been defined in the past. Since the majority of studies have focused on individuals of Caucasian descent, the ethnicities currently most affected by the epidemic have been widely underrepresen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7095)
Yu XG, Shang H, Addo MM, Jiang Y, Han X, Li D, Wang Y, Zhou L, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: China is estimated to have one of the world s most rapidly spreading HIV-1 epidemics with an increase in reported new infections of 67.4% in the first 6 months of 2001 compared with the same period of the previous year ( UNAIDS , 2001). Therefore studies providing insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis in Chinese
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7096)
Jennes W, Vuylsteke B, Maurice C, Roels TH, Chorba T, Nkengasong JN, Kestens L;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Antwerpen, Belgium
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to assess the presence of HIV-1-specific T helper cells in the peripheral blood of HIV-exposed seronegative (ESN) female sex workers (FSWs) in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: Between May 2000 and October 2001, 40 ESN FSWs, 25 HIV-1-infected FSWs and 32 female blood donors (c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7097)
Rutebemberwa A, Jones G, Auma B, Yirrell D, Whitworth J, Kaleebu P, Gotch F;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific cellular immune responses are thought to play an important role in the control of HIV infection. In this study, HIV-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses were monitored in a group of HIV-1 infected adults, over a period of one year. METHODS: 14 HIV-1 infected, drug naive adults possessing eithe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7098)
Kaul R, Rowland-Jones SL, Gillespie G, Kimani J, Kiama P, Simonsen JN, McMichael AJ, Bwayo JJ, Plummer FA;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND : Neisseria gonorrhoeae cervicitis and HIV-1 frequently co-infect core transmitter populations, such as female sex workers. Gonococcal cervicitis is associated with increased viral shedding and plasma viremia in HIV-infected women, with increased plasma levels of the Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL10, and with incr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7099)
Keating SM, Carruth LM, Lubaki MN, Barnett S, Jackson JB, Quinn TC, Bollinger RC;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific lymphocytes from chronically infected individuals have been shown to be perforin deficient; associated with less efficient cytotoxic function. In addition to cytolytic activity, soluble antiviral factors are produced by T lymphocytes that might contribute to control of HIV replication. It is un
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7100)
Rodriguez A, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Burbano X, Ruiz P, Lecusay R, Shor-Posner G;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: With the exception of hemolytic anemia, the potential hematological toxicity of antiretrovirals and combination treatments has not been well established. METHODS: HIV+ individuals (n=259), were followed in a nutritional study every 6 months/2 years. Medical history was obtained and blood drawn for CBC/plate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7101)
Nikolova M, Michova A, Dimitrov S, Boumsell L, Bensussan A, Taskov H;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: The dynamics of T cell subsets comprising the antigen-specific effectors is an important issue during chronic viral infections. To contribute to the phenotypic characterization of this subset, we studied the expression of the recently clustered CD160 leukocyte surface antigen in HIV-1+ patients. CD160 is ex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7102)
Karlsson AC, Younger SR, Ortiz GM, Hagos E, Krone M, Martin J, Deeks SG, Nixon DF;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: HAART suppresses plasma viremia, but also reduces antigenic driven stimulation of HIV specific cellular immune responses. In individuals where viral replication is evidenced by sequence changes and/or viral bursts of detectable viral loads there may still be an influence of the HIV-specific cellular immune
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7104)
Yu XG, Addo MM, Rodriguez WR, Fitzpatrick C, Lee PK, Strick DA, Johnston MN, Rosenberg ES, Goulder PJ, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CTL generated during acute infection play a critical role in the initial control of viremia. However, the hierarchy in appearance of epitope-specific responses has never been comprehensively characterized. METHODS: HIV-specific CTL responses in an acutely infected individual (AC06) expressing H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7105)
Chugh P, Seth P;;; Ph.D. student, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
Background - The importance of cell mediated immunity in controlling HIV infection has been well established. Therefore, determination of T cell epitopes while evaluating the immune responses in experimental animals is imperative. ELISPOT assay has been adapted for direct ex-vivo quantification of peptide reactive T ly
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7106)
Ellefsen K, Harari A, Champagne P, Sekaly R, Pantaleo G;;; Lab of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Four subsets of memory CD8 T lymphocytes can be distinguished on the basis of the expression of CD45RA and of CCR7 and a selective impairment of the differentiation of HIV-specific memory CD8+ T cells has been demonstrated. Virus-specific CD4 T lymphocytes can be quantified and analyzed on the basis of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7107)
Harari A, Petitpierre S, Khonkarly M, Rizzardi GP, Pantaleo G;;; Lab of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Four subsets of memory CD8 T lymphocytes can be distinguished on the basis of the expression of CD45RA and of CCR7. Selective impairment of the differentiation of HIV-specific memory CD8 T cells has been shown METHODS: The secretion of IFNg and of Il-2 following specific stimulation was used to identify HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7109)
Kalayjian R, Landay A, Gross B, Pollard R, Sevin A, Pu M, Chernoff M, Namkung A, Fox L, Janik J, Waterman K, Fiscus S, Wu A, Lawrence E, Slater S, Longo D, Taub D, Rousseau F, Lederman MM;;; CWRU, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: To explore the basis of age-associated, accelerated HIV-disease progression by examining differences in T-cell phenotypes and thymic volumes in younger and older subjects. METHODS: ACTG 5015 is a study of immune and virologic differences in response to HAART, between 2 cohorts of HIV-infected (HIVpos) subje
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7110)
Addo MM, Altfeld M, Fitzpatrick C, Rathod A, Yu XG, Brainard DM, Fideli US, Shutes E, Kasolo F, Mulundu G, Hahn BH, Allen S, Walker BD;;; Partners AIDS Research Center/MGH, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 clade C is the most prevalent subtype in sub-Saharan Africa, which remains the most-affected region by the HIV pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate HIV-1 clade C specific cellular immune responses in HIV-1 infected individuals and their exposed uninfected partners in a completely blinded
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD8-positive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) play a key role in controlling HIV-infection, monitoring CTL-response could be clinically relevant during stucturated therapy interruption (STI), HIV exposure and vaccine trials. However, HLA patients restriction and HIV variability limited the develop
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7112)
Gray CM, Khoury G, Masemola A, Mashishi T, Mohube P, Puren AJ, Morris L, Bredell H, Williamson C, Ferrari G, Cao H, Sheppard HW;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: identifying the relationship between control of subtype C HIV-1 and patterns of CTL epitope responses is important for subsequent interpretation of vaccine-induced CTL. We have studied the association between HIV-1 viral load and anti-Gag CTL responses in subtype C HIV-1 infected individuals from southern A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7113)
Altfeld M, Hecht FM, Lee PK, Addo MM, Yu XG, Draenert R, Fitzpatrick C, Johnston MN, Osksenberg J, Goulder PJ, Levy JA, Rosenberg ES, Walker BD;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical school, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: HLA-B57, as well as CTL responses restricted by this allele, have been strongly associated with long-term non-progressive HIV infection. However, their impact on viral replication during acute HIV infection is not understood. This study assessed clinical and immunlogical parameters during acute HIV infectio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7114)
Harrer E, Kastel S, Baurele M, Bergmann S, Hamacher M, Kalden JR, Harrer T;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Nef and Tat are attractive targets for immunotherapy as they are expressed early in the viral replication cycle and they play an important role in the pathogenesis. To evaluate the immunogenicity of these molecules we started a systematic study of recognition of Nef and Tat in a cohort of HIV infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7115)
Boyer JD, Nelson R, Robinson T, Scott P, Weiner DB;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: More than 95% of all HIV-infected people now live in the Developing World, and 95% percent of all deaths have occurred among its people. In these countries, chronic parasitic infection adds another level of complexity to AIDS vaccine development. Helminthic and protozoan infections are common in developing
BACKGROUND: IFN-[gamma] ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining (ICCS) assays have recently been commonly used in subtype B and some non-B HIV-1 specific CTL researches both in the pathogenesis and vaccine evaluation. However, these assays need to be validated in countries with a high prevalence of subtype A/E infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7117)
Mashishi TN, Khoury G, Nyoka S, Mohube P, Altfeld M, Williamson C, Donovan R, Sheppard H, Gray CM;;; National Institute for Virology, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Identity of epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses to subtype C Nef is important for clade-specific vaccine development. Anti-Nef CD8+ T cell responses were identified in recent HIV-1 clade C infected individuals from southern Africa. METHOD: A combination of the IFNg ELISPOT assay and intracytoplasmic cyto
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7118)
Draenert R, Ruiz L, Clotet B, Walker BD, Martinez-Picado J;;; AIDS Research Center, MGH, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Cellular immunity, especially CD8+ T lymphocyte responses have been shown to be important in containing HIV-1-infection. HLA alleles have been demonstrated to influence not only the viral epitopes targeted but also disease progression. Monocygotic twins infected with the same virus provide an opportunity to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7119)
Bottoni A, Bonaccorsi A, Gallerani E, Fabris M, Fortini C, Rimessi P, Ensoli B, Gavioli R;;; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
BACKGROUND: Tat is a regulatory protein of HIV-1 produced very early after infection and essential for HIV gene expression and replication. Tat is also released from infected cells in the extracellular milieu and taken-up by neighbour cells and modulates cellular functions depending on the concentration and cell type.
BACKGROUND: Children maintain the thymical functionality and thus, the capacity of replacing the CD4 T-cells clones lost by the HIV-infection, making possible the immune reconstitution. Since HIV has an inhibitory effect on thymus, a suppression of viral replication would be advisable for recovering the thymical functi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7121)
Shacklett BL, Cox CA, Sandberg JK, Nilsson A, Stollman NH, Jacobson MA, Price RW, Nixon DF;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Although extensive studies have described HIV-specific CTL in peripheral blood, little is known of the role of CTL in viral clearance from tissue reservoirs. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and the central nervous system (CNS) may be considered distinct immunological compartments from peripheral blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7122)
Masemola AM, Maila H, Nyoka S, Mohube P, Khoury G, Roux S, Magcuntsu E, Churchyard G, Grant AD, Gray CM;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important HIV-1-related disease in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the impact of TB treatment on viral load and T cell changes in antiretroviral-naive dually infected HIV-1/TB patients. Our aim was to measure whether there was improved immune competence with TB treatment. M
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7123)
Hengel RL, Thaker VB, Lempicki RA, Pavlick MV, Metcalf JA, Imamichi T, Lane HC;;; NIH, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD4+ T cells are thought to be a critical component of the host immune response to HIV. Most studies examine CD4+ T cell memory by measuring lymphoproliferation (LPA) or intracellular cytokine (ICC) production of unfractionated CD4+ T cells. Given conflicting data regarding these assays, we wer
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7124)
Shankar P, Lee SK, Xu Z, Lieberman J;;; Center for Blood Research, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Assays that measure CD8 T cell responses against consensus laboratory strain HIV antigens show similar responses in progressors and nonprogressors, suggesting that they may not be representative of the in vivo response to the evolving autologous virus. METHOD: The magnitude of IFN[gamma]-producing CD8 T cel
BACKGROUND: Adults with long-term non-progressive HIV infection frequently possess strong HIV-specific T-helper responses. A robust proliferative response to the p24 antigen has been shown to correlate with maintenance of a low viral load in HIV-infected adults. To date, the HIV-specific immune responses among children
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7126)
pez M, Benito JM, Lozano S, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Tetrameric complexes have enabled to easily quantify and analyze different aspects of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes directed against HIV proteins. An impaired function of these cells could explain its inefficacy to control HIV replication. To explore this hypothesis we have used the tetramer technology in a la
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7127)
Doisne JM, Lacabaratz-Porret C, Urrutia A, Deveau C, Meyer L, Goujard C, Delfraissy JF, Sinet M, Venet A;;; INSERM E0109, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
BACKGROUND: HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses are weak or absent in the majority of subjects during chronic HIV infection. Nevertheless, during primary infection (PI), this response can be detected by lymphoproliferative assay and evaluation of IFN-g production by ELISPOT or flow cytometry. METHODS: We determined th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7128)
Kiepiela P, Mngqundaniso NC, Govender U, Ramduth D, Chetty P, Coovadia HM, Addo M, Altfeld M, Brander C, Walker B, Goulder P;;; University of Natal, NRMSM, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Studies of MTCT in HIV infection have shown to occur in the presence of high viral load. HIV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell activity in HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV infected mothers is unclear. METHODS: Gag specific CTL activity was quantified by using overlapping peptides spanning p24 Gag correspondin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7129)
Goulder PJ, Brander C, Kiepiela P, Roach T, John AS, Hammond M, Bunce M, Chetty P, Mnqundaniso N, Ramduth D, Govender U, Coumi N, Addo MM, Altfeld M, Coovadia HM, Walker BD;;; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Particular MHC class I alleles have been identified that carry significant increased or decreased risk of HIV disease following infection. Most studies have focused upon clade B infected Caucasoids. We have investigated whether the associations defined in these studies of Caucasians was also evident in popu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7130)
Chetty P, Tang Y, Pfafferott K, Leslie A, Jeena P, Coovadia HM, Addo M, Altfeld M, Brander C, Walker B, Kiepiela P, Goulder P;;; University of Natal, NRMSM, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Certain HLA class I alleles have been identified as having association with slow progression in HIV infection. These include HLA-B57 and B27.These studies set out to define the B57 epitopes associated with slow progression in a C clade infected population of Zulu adults in Durban, South Africa .
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7131)
Fevrier M, Borgne SL, Marty C, Talarmin A, Riviere Y;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
BACKGROUND : It is now well established that not only CD4+, but also CD8+ T cells can be categorized into different subsets according to their profiles of cytokine production. A functional division in type 0, type 1 and type 2 subsets has been established corresponding respectively to secretion of IFNg and IL4, IFNg on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7132)
Fortis C, Tasca S, Capiluppi B, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) may be infected by HIV-1. Recently, it has been reported that they may be lysed by autologous NK cells. NK cells provide a first line of defence against viral infections, and their activity is compromised in HIV-infected patients. We evaluated NK cell lytic activity v
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7133)
Martini F, Agrati C, Goletti D, Vincenti D, Carrara S, Gioia C, D'Offizi G, Ippolito G, Pucillo LP, Poccia F, Montesano C;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Innate Vgamma9Vdelta2 (Vg9Vd2) T lymphocytes are broadly reactive against various intracellular pathogens, displaying lytic responses to HIV-infected cells. Moreover, activated Vg9Vd2 T cells can suppress HIV replication by soluble factors. In chronically HIV infected persons, dramatic reductions of Vg9Vd2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7134)
Fanales-Belasio E, Moretti S, Nappi F, Barillari G, Micheletti F, Cafaro A, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Tat is produced early after infection, is essential for virus replication, and is released extracellularly in a biologically active form. Vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein or tat DNA, but not with inactivated Tat or Tat peptides, induces specific Th-1 respons
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7135)
Nisii C, Montesano C, Martini F, Gioia C, Casetti R, D'Offizi G, Poccia F, Antonucci G, Ippolito G, Oliva A;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L.Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Recent reports described the dynamics of HIV-specific immune response during Structured Treatment Interruptions (STI). We analyzed the influence of STI on innate NK immunity. METHODS: NK cell phenotype and function (determined as IFN[gamma] production) were evaluated by flow cytometry, analyzing PBMCs from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7136)
Prakash M, Patterson S, Patterson S, Gotch F, Kapembwa MS;;; Imperial College, London, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Heterosexual transmission is the predominant route of HIV-1 infection. To further understand the determinants and parameters of heterosexually acquired HIV-1 disease, we investigated cellular activation and chemokine receptor expression on T lymphocytes, METHODS: Cervical Intraepithelial and peripheral bloo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7137)
Prakash M, Patterson S, Gotch F, Kapembwa M;;; Imperial College, London, London, United Kingdom
Background HIV disease progression is characterised by depletion of the CD4 lymphocyte subpopulation and increased plasma viral load(VL). Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) effectively suppresses VL with resultant increase in CD4 T cells. Whether similar change in VL and CD4 T-lymphocyte repopulation occur i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7138)
Pires A, Nelson M, Pozniak A, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N;;; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Administration of HAART during acute/primary HIV-1 infection leads to augmentation of strong virus-specific helper T lymphocyte (HTL) responses. It is suggested that this might be because potent anti-retroviral therapy protects the activated virus specific HTL so that these cells are not lost during acute primary HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7140)
Diaz MA, Blanc D, Troadec C, Eliaszewicz M, Gonzalez G, Algara DS;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: Because CMV retinitis could be observed after initiation HAART, we aimed better understand how HAART reconstitute the CMV-specific immunity. We prospectively studied patients receiving HAART whose CMV retinitis was quiescent in order to establish the degree of T lymphocyte reconstitution obtained during one
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7141)
Alfano M, Grivel JC, Poli G, Margolis L;;; Dibit, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Both pertussis toxin (PTX) and its non-toxic subunit (PTX B-oligomer, PTX-B) have shown inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication in several models of in vitro infection, including mitogen-activated PBMC, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and chronically infected U1 cells stimulated by cytokines. In a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7143)
Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Sylvestre M, Poulin JF, Sekaly RP, Cheynier R;;; Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: Increased IL-7 levels have been associated with lymphopenia induced by HIV, chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. Recent reports in HIV-infected patients have shown a strong inverse correlation between IL-7 and lymphopenia. We have shown that this correlation is still maintained in patients with prim
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7144)
Aandahl EM, Moretto WJ, Harris J, Schmidt D, McCune JM, Haslett PA, Tasken K, Nixon DF;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Cyclic AMP inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production through activation of protein kinase A type I. We have previously shown that T cells from HIV patients have elevated levels of cAMP, and that antagonists specific to PKA type I selectively increase anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation in T ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7145)
Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Smith GH, Klein M, MacLeod J, Gilmore N, Bruce S, Sekaly PR, Lalonde RG;;; Immunodeficiency Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: IL-7 contributes to the regulation of the T-cell pool. Recent reports have shown an inverse correlation between IL-7 and T-lymphopenia in advanced HIV-patients. IL-7, like IL-2 , has been shown to increase viral replication in vitro. We hypothesize the increased IL-7 levels are caused by T-lymphopenia and n
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7146)
Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Klein N, Gilmore N, LeBlanc N, MacLeod J, Bruce S, Lalonde RG, Smith GH;;; Immunodeficiency Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
OBJECTIVE: IL-7 acts as a regulator for the T-cell pool in animal models and an inverse correlation with CD4 lymphopenia has been reported. The aims of this study are to describe changes in plasma IL-7 in response to initiation of a salvage therapy containing double protease inhibitors (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7147)
Kourtis AP, Lukashok S, Ibegbu CI;;; Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) induces increases in the number of CD4+ T cells, including the RA+ naive lymphocyte subsets, and normalization of the TCR V-beta subfamily utilization patterns. It is unclear, however, whether these phenotypic changes are accompanied by functional recovery of ant
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7148)
Benito JM, Lopez M, Lozano S, Martinez P, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: In HIV-1 infection CD8+CD38+ T lymphocytes are strongly correlated with disease progression and have prognostic value independent of CD4+ counts. With HAART the level of this subset decreases, suggesting a relationship with the levels of plasma viremia(VL). Recently, the expression of CD38 on CD8 cells was
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7149)
Chen F, Day SL, Sethi G, Tong CY, Simpson H, Metcalfe RA, Welch J, Edwards SG, Lewis DA, Scullard G, Lacey CJ, Weber JN, Weetman AP, Robinson S, Kapembwa MS, de Ruiter A;;; Department of GU Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been observed in HIV+ patients taking HAART leading to suggestion that immune reconstitution (IR) might facilitate organ-specific autoimmunity. METHODS: All cases of newly diagnosed AITD in 6 HIV treatment centres were identified. Data was collected on the clinical spec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7150)
Connick E, Schlichtemeier R, Mian A, Kim R, Bosch R, Lederman M, Landay A;;; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of HAART on HIV-specific CD8+ cells, 19 subjects enrolled in ACTG study 315/375 with 100-300 CD4+ cells were evaluated up to 3 years after initiation of HAART. METHODS: ELISPOT assays for IFN-gamma were performed using PBMC stimulated by autologous B-cell lines infected with vaccinia re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7151)
Ghezzi S, Neri F, Fortis C, Pacciarini F, Vallanti G, Soldini L, Nozza S, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G, Poli G;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND. Intermittent IL-2 administration plus antiretroviral therapy (ART) to infected individuals stably restores the numbers of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and improves immune function. METHODS. 61 HIV individuals with 200-500 CD4+ T cell/µl were enrolled in a controlled study of 3 IL-2 plus ART regimens or
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7152)
Sufka S, Ferrari G, Tomaras G, Wrin T, Fiscus S, Gryszowka V, Teaberry V, Hellmann N, Weinhold K, Hicks C;;; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that patients with discordant CD4+/VL responses to HAART have decreased viral replicative capacity, predominance of R5 phenotype, decreased cellular activation, and enhanced CD8+ responses to gag and tat. METHODS: 30 HIV+ patients on PI-based HAART were studied in 3 groups: Failure
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7153)
Isgro A, Mezzaroma I, Aiuti AA, Pinter E, Mazzone AM, Lebba F, Aiuti F;;; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: IL-7, mainly produced by bone marrow stromal cells, is well recognized as a crucial cytokine for the early development of lymphocyte subpopulations. It may be hypothesized that, following HAART, the control of viral replication and the increase in CD4+ T cell number could determine a regulation in the produ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7154)
d'Ettorre G, Forcina G, Carnevalini M, Ceccarelli G, Campli NF, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V;;; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Cytokine-producing CD4 and CD8 T-cells play an important role in the immune response. We evaluated the role of IL-15 in priming for IFN-[gamma] production by CD4 and CD8 T-cells in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: We studied: a) 6 antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients (mean VL=5log; mean CD4 =73); b)6 p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7156)
Haridas VL, McCloskey TW, Pahwa R, Pahwa S;;; North Shore-LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV specific effector cells and perforin expression have been described in HIV infected adults but the association between the two is not well understood. METHODS: Perforin expression and maturation of effector CD8 T cells was examined in HIV infected pediatric patients (age 1.4 to 17.1, median 10.3yrs) on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7157)
Diaz-Insua M, Douek D, Valdez H, Hill B, Peterson D, Sanne I, Piliero P, Koup R, Green S, Schnittman S, Lederman M;;; CWRU, Cleveland OH, United States
BACKGROUND: T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) can be used to estimate the proportion of recent thymic emigrants in peripheral blood. METHODS: We examined clinical and laboratory correlates of baseline and on-treatment TREC levels among 44 treatment-naive patients who started therapy with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7158)
Pineda JA, Macias J, Lozano F, Corzo JE, Ramos A, Cozar R, Garcia-Garcia JA, Fernandez-Rivera FJ, Leon E, Gomez-Mateos J;;; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain
Background and objective: HIV/HCV coinfection is highly prevalent in Southern Europe. However, data about the effect of HCV carriage on the response to HAART are very scant. Because of this, we investigated the recovery of CD4+ T-cells and the decrease in the levels of a2-microglobulin (B2M) following HAART among antir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7159)
Torres KJ, Gutierrez F, Reyes AS, Zuniga J, Salgado G, Ridha S, Mayar ME, Mackewicz ME, Reyes-Teran G;;; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
BACKGROUND: The sudden decline in viral load (VL) promoted by HAART during primary infection induces a reduction in the level of CNAR. CTL responses also diminish in the absence of detectable viremia. However, it is not known when the HAART-associated loss of the cellular immune response occurs. Thus, we evaluated the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7160)
Terzieva V, Markova R, Todorova Y, Taskov H, Kostov K;;; National Center of Infectious &Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: Changes in T-cell function during HIV-1 infection are of interest for their potential contribution to the monitoring and management of patients during HAART. The aim of this prospective ongoing study is to evaluate the effect of HAART on cytokine balance in patients in different stages of HIV-1 infection. M
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7161)
Tsalimalma K, Dimitrakopoulou A, Kordossis T, Dafni U, Choremi-Papadopoulou H;;; Immunology Department, General Hospital LAIKO Athens, Athens, Greece
BACKROUND: Although the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are well documented, studies have shown that HAART does not result in optimal suppression of viral replication in all patients and a significant number experience viral rebound. Moreover immune reconstitution could be influenced by the lev
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7162)
Sullivan YB, Landay A, Al-Harthi L;;; Rush Medical College, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: CD8+ T cells can up-regulate CD4 on their cell surface, to generate CD4CD8 phenotype. We previously demonstrated that CD4CD8 are an activated phenotype of CD8+ T cells, as determined by elevated levels of activation (CD95, CD25, CD38, CD69, and CD45RO) and functional (CD28) markers. In this study, we evalua
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7163)
Nicol AF, Fernandes AT, Grinsztejn BG, Russomano F, Martinez-Maza O, Lapa e Silva JR, Bonecini-Almeida MG;;; Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The women have assumed an important role in the epidemic of HIV-1 infection, however little is known about the immune system of the female genital tract. The HIV immunosuppression exacerbates co-existing HPV infection, the development of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: In order to characterize the cervical immu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7164)
Harari A, Rizzardi GP, Ellefsen K, Ciuffreda D, Khonkarly M, Kaiser L, Perrin L, Pantaleo G;;; Lab of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: HIV-1-specific CD4 helper responses are thought to be lost very early during HIV infection and recent studies have demonstrated that the preservation of these responses may be critical for the control of HIV-1 replication. However, even in the absence of lymphoproliferative responses, HIV-1-specific IFNg se
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7165)
Werneck-Silva AL, Prado IB;;; Casa da AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected patients frequently have peripheral blood eosinophilia. However, colon restricted eosinophilia has never been reported. We describe a group of 16 HIV-infected patients with colon restricted eosinophilia. METHODS: 58 (44 men and 14 women), 41+/-9 years old, HIV-infected patients with chronic dia
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7166)
Keane NM, Price P, Lee S, Stone SF, French MA;;; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
BACKGROUND: HAART increases CD4+ T-cell counts and decreases viral load in most HIV patients, but cell mediated immunity remains impaired. We hypothesise that Type1/Type2 cytokine imbalance in HIV patients may explain this dysregulation. We evaluated T1 (IFN[gamma]) and T2 (IL-5) cytokines and soluble markers (CD26 DPP
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7167)
Giovannetti A, Mazzetta F, Marziali M, Pierdominici M, Muratori DS, Cascioli C, Aiuti F;;; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Univ."La Sapienza" of Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: The progressive decline of CD4+ cells and the persistent antigen stimulation induced by chronic HIV infection result in disruptions of CD4 T cell antigen receptor variable beta chain (TCRBV) repertoire. However, the HAART-induced changes in T-cell repertoire (TCR) diversity have not yet fully elucidated MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeA7169)
Dion ML, Sylvestre M, Poulin JF, Bordi R, Corsini R, Lainesse M, Sekaly RP, Cheynier R;;; Centre de Resherche du CHUM, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: The thymus is the main site where thymocytes mature into functional T cells. Thymic function has been reported to be inhibited in HIV-infected patients. During thymopoiesis, TCR a and b gene rearrangement events give rise to circular DNA molecules, referred to as TREC. Peripheral blood quantification of a a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7170)
Fondere JM, Baillat V, Reynes J, Vendrell JP;;; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: In HIV-1-infected patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persists in lymphoid tissues in spite of sustained undetectable plasma viremia. Since both anti-HIV-1 antibody and IgG secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) reflect immune system activation by HIV-1 antigens, we eva
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7171)
Mackewicz CE, Ritchey M, Levy JA;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals can suppress HIV replication in CD4+ T cells by a noncytotoxic mechanism. Maximal suppressive activity occurs when the effector CD8+ cells and the infected CD4+ target cells are autologous. However, complete inhibition of virus replication can be observed at higher
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7172)
de la Rosa R, Leal M, Rubio A, Martinez-Moya M, Delgado J, Ruiz-Mateos E, Merchante E, nchez-Quijano A, Lissen E;;; Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group. Hospital U. Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
BACKGROUND: Several host and virological factors which seem to influence on CD4+ cell repopulation in adult HIV-infected patients under HAART, such as, a low rate of CD4+ impairment before HAART, a low HIV viral load levels at baseline and a progressive decrease in HIV-1 viremia levels during the first few weeks under
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7173)
Lange CG, Shankar P, Harnish B, Xu Z, Valdez H, Lee SJ, Lieberman J, Lederman MM;;; Center for AIDS Research, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: Preservation of CD4+ T-cell function has been proposed to underlie cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) mediated control of viremia in patients with acute HIV-1 infection treated with HAART and in long-term asymptomatic (LTA) therapy naive patients. However, whether HIV-1 specific helper cell responses alter- immun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7174)
Mandalia S, Parmar D, Fisher M, Pozniak A, Tang A, Youle M, Gazzard B, Beck EJ;;; Chelsea &Westminster Hospital, Imperial College Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: to investigate the correlation of CD4 response to triple anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and costs of HIV service provision in England January 1998-December 1999. METHODS: Data from 3 hospital clinics part of the National Prospective Monitoring System on the use, cost and outcome of HIV service provision in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeA7175)
Hunt PW, Sinclair E, Bredt B, Hagos E, Martin JN, Deeks SG;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: There is significant heterogeneity in the CD4 T-cell gains experienced by patients who achieve and maintain viral suppression on HAART. Given the association between T-cell activation and disease progression in untreated patients, we postulated that T-cell activation might affect the CD4 T-cell gains associ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7176)
Mansoori D, Arami S, Zadsar M, Alaie K;;; Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
BACKGROUND: Now, at the start of a new millennium, HIV infection has a worldwide distribution and number of cases is increasing rapidly particularly in the developing countries. In recent years, the rate of HIV infection seems to be increased in Iran particularly among intravenous drug abusers, being infected in prison
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7177)
Nokta M, Pu M, Spritzler J, Gross B, Shafer R, Robbins G, Pollard RB;;; university of texasmedical branch, galveston, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV infection cause gradual depletion of functional T cell subsets. The aim of this study was to identify immune correlates of viral suppression in HIV infected patients. A number of immunological markers and their relationship to thymic index(TI), CD4 counts and HIV viral load were examined. This is a subs
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7178)
Natividad-Villanueva MD GU, Santiago MD E, Manalastas MD RM, Caliendo MD AM, Brown H, Mayer MD KH, Cu-Uvin Md S;;; University of the Philippines,Philippine General Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Manila, Philippines
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of HIV is still low in the Philippines (0.07%) but the number is increasing. There are 1,503 HIV-1 sero-positive Filipinos,503(33%) of whom are living with AIDS. The predominant mode of transmission is heterosexual contact. 40% of HIV-affected individuals are women who usually have no access
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7179)
Greenspan JS, Malvin K, Hilton J, Pascasio L, Torosian S, Greenspan D, Hecht F;;; UCSF, San Francisco CA, United States
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of oral lesions during acute/primary and recent/early HIV disease METHODS: Since August 2000, we have performed standardized oral clinical examinations on adults who self-presented or were referred by a provider network to the prospective OPTIONS STUDY in San Francisco because of s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7180)
van Lunzen J, Stellbrink HJ, Zoellner B, Degen O, Schneider C, Faetkenheuer G, Stoehr A, Gellermann H, Rickerts V, Staszewski S, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P;;; University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: To compare the virological and immunological efficacy of convergent HAART without PI with standard PI containing regimens in lymph nodes (LN) and peripheral blood (PB). METHODS: 18 patients with sustained control of viral replication in PB (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7181)
Borgo CD, Murri R, Fantoni M, Limongelli P;;; Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of HAART on the HRQoL in HIV+ patients. METHODS: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study on Italian HIV+ pts at any stage of disease taking PIs. From 10/97 to 5/98, consecutive patients were enrolled in 7 Italian Centers. The MOS-HIV was used as tool of the study and administered every 6
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7182)
Liuzzi G, Zaccarelli M, Amendola A, Sette P, Topino S, D'Offizi G, Ippolito G, Capobianchi M, Narciso P, Perno CF, Antinori A;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of sexual transmission of HIV-1 primarily depends on the concentration of infectious virus in semen. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a NNRTI-based antiretroviral regimen in reducing HIV-1 viral load in male seminal fluid, we quantified HIV-1 RNA in semen of HIV-infected patients in tr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7183)
Sprinz E, Rech C, Marafon G, Kelbert S, Zimerman RA, Santos RP;;; HCPA - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Higly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) dramatically changed the history of AIDS, but changes due to intolerance or failure are common. The study analysis rate and causes for treatment discontinuation in a population in south of Brazil . Population & METHODS: In a cohort of 1,421 individuals, 664
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7184)
Tsoukas C, Cox J, Gilbert L, Szabo J, Hatzakis G;;; Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV not only causes CD4 cell depletion, it also down-regulates expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD28 on T cells. Co-stimulation is necessary for optimal T cell activation and is delivered jointly with the T cell receptor signal. In the absence of appropriate co-stimulation, anergy is induced: T cel
Structured therapy interruption (STI) may boost anti-HIV specific immunity acting as an autologous live vaccine. Nevertheless, STI may present the potential risks of HIV-mediated loss of CD4+ cells and severe constitutional symptoms. We evaluated the effect of STI on the CD4-mediated immune function in chronically HIV-
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in HIV disease usually regresses rapidly with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). But worsening of KS after starting HAART may represent an immune reconstitution disease (IRD). IRD has been associated with recovery of CD4+ count and function. We report 3 cases of mucocutaneou
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7188)
Surana A, Vajpayee M, Wig N, Seth P;;; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: The spectrum of opportunistic infection in HIV infected subjects varies from country to country. As the number of AIDS cases increases in India , little information is available about the prevalence of opportunistic infections among clinicians. The aim of the present study was to document the characteristic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7189)
Brignoli E, Pretis C, Suiphon E, Jolivet M;;; bioMerieux R/D Department, Marcy l'Etoile, France
BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine the performance of a new HIV screening test:VIDAS HIV DUO Ultra. This assay combines a sandwich format for HIV p24 antigen detection and a third generation format assay for HIV Ab detection in a single test using the VIDAS analyzer. The originality of this assay is base
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7190)
Kato S, Tagami H, Saito Y, Tanaka R, Hanabusa H;;; Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 RNA-DNA hybrid may be accumulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of infected individuals because reverse transcription is slowed by the low dNTP pool in resting cells. To ascertain this possibility we developed a method to quantify the HIV-1 RNA-DNA hybrid and study its distribution
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7191)
Figueiredo GM, Rafael A, Carvalheiro JR;;; Health Secretary os State, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data from a series of 28 seroconvertors in a cohort of MSM METHODS: The Bela Vista Cohort Study is a 3-year follow up of MSM. Eligibility criteria were 1) age 18 years old and over; 2) HIV negative serology; 3) non-intravenous drugs users in the last
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7193)
Mascio MD, Markowitz M, Louie M, Hurley A, Ho DD, Perelson AS;;; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States
BACKGROUND: Intermittent episodes of low-level viremia (blips) are often observed in well-suppressed, HAART-treated patients. Viral blips might represent low level viral replication in the presence of drug, release of virions from the latent reservoir or might also occur as a result of lack of compliance to treatment.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7194)
Pilcher CD, McPherson T, Leone PA, Peace-Brewer AL, Owen O'Dowd J, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Fiscus SA;;; UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Acute HIV infection is occurring in at risk populations but is predominantly undiagnosed. Acute HIV screening is not part of routine testing since direct tests for HIV such as RNA PCR are expensive and may have inadequate specificity for screening as prevalence will usually be low. METHODS: We screened all
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7195)
Galvin SR, Price M, Kaydos SC, Msowoya E, Chikunga N, Kip E, Cohen MS;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Information regarding rates of acute HIV infection in African areas of high HIV-1 prevalence is sparse. We present data that shows the prevalence of HIV undetected by antibody screening in a population of men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi . METHODS: The subjects are
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7196)
Porter K, Walker AS; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have always suggested that, if ART is to be considered in PHI, it should be initiated within 6 months of infection. We aimed to describe secular trends in and predictors of ART initiation in PHI. METHODS: Pooled data from persons with known or we
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7197)
Janabi MY, Chale S, Magao P, Jossiah R, Bakari M, Lyamuya E, Mugusi F, Swai A, Mhalu F, Pallangyo K, Pallangyo N, Biberfeld G, Sandstrom E;;; Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Background HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and other glomerular lesions are frequent complications of HIV infection. These renal diseases usually present as a nephrotic syndrome with progressive loss of renal function and an increased risk of mortality. The physical and laboratory changes among HIV infected individu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7198)
Portsmouth SD, Imami N, Pires A, Hand J, Gotch F, Nelson M, Gazzard BG;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: A campaign in the gay press and for local general practitioners aimed to increase the number of individuals with acute HIV-1 infection presenting to HIV services. Patients presenting have been offered treatment with an NNRTI based regimen. METHODS 21 patients have been prospectively followed during treatmen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7199)
Theodore ME, Wolfe H, Sharp V;;; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Medical Center-Center for Comprehensive Care, New York City, United States
ISSUES: Evidence exists that psychiatric disorders are common in patients with HIV infection and that they may not receive optimal medical care because their psychiatric disorders area barrier to effective HIV treatment. We designed a study to measure the burden of mental illness among our patients. DESCRIPTION: We des
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7200)
Ramacciotti TP, Smith DE, Cunningham P, Cooper DA, Kaldor JM;;; National Centre for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: We decided to assess immunologic effects of immediate versus delayed ARV therapy in patients identified at time of primary HIV infection, who consented to follow up in the Australian PHI cohort from 1984 to present. METHODS: We reviewed 866 serial CD4 results from adults receiving any ARV therapy, either im
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7201)
Ramacciotti TP, Smith DE, Zaunders JJ, Cooper DA, Kaldor JM;;; National Centre for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: We wished to assess virologic and immunologic effects of immediate vs delayed ARV therapy vs no therapy in patients identified at time of primary HIV infection, who consented to follow up in the Australian PHI cohort from 1984 to present. METHODS: We reviewed 379 serial viral load and 885 serial CD4 results
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7202)
Myers JJ, Sawires S, Kindrick AV, Balano KB, Tokumoto J, Aranow R, Gruta C, Harvey A, Tulsky J, Birnbaum N, Dong B, Leoung G, Goldschmidt RH;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: To assess trends in calls to the National HIV Telephone Consultation Service (Warmline) which provides free expert consultation to clinicians treating persons with HIV and links clinicians with education, training, and consultation services of the national network of AIDS Education and Training Centers (AET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7203)
Reynolds NR, Neidig JL;;; Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
BACKGROUND: Reliable data on the characteristics and predictors of nausea accompanying antiretroviral therapies over time are lacking. METHODS: A prospective time series design was used to assess nausea distress (total, somatic, gastrointestinal, and emotional) in a cohort of 75 HIV+ persons (93% male, 79% Caucasian, m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7204)
Sabundayo BP, McArthur JH, Langan SJ, Gallant J, Margolick JB;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Rates of toxicity and treatment modification have been well described in chronically infected patients (pts). However, rates of toxicity and treatment modification have not been adequately described in pts with primary HIV infection (PHI). METHODS: Between 1/98 and 1/02, 87 pts were enrolled in the Baltimor
Aims: To investigate the rates of disease progression in people with haemophilia type A and HIV-1 infection and examine the influence of anti-retroviral therapy and other factors on the risk of progression. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from medical records at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. Eligib
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7206)
Alter G, Tsoukas CM, Routy JP, Rouleau D, Thomas R, Baril JG, Cote P, Sekaly R, Bernard NF;;; McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses appear early in HIV infection, likely play a role in controlling viral replication, but fail to clear the virus. Host-virus interactions in primary HIV infection (PI) impact on subsequent disease course. Hypothesis: HAART alters the natural history of the development of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7207)
Kinloch S, Lampe L, Janossy G, Phillips A, Cooper D, Perrin L, Andersson J, Hoen B, Mcdade H, Goh L;;; Royal Free &University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To assess whether switching to triple (TR) HAART is associated with low-level viral breakthrough in patients (pts) who had achieved viral suppression after quadruple (QUAD) HAART initiated at the time of primary HIV-1 infection (PHI). METHODS: Pts were part of the QUEST cohort treated with Combivir-abacavir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7208)
Taidhi Y, Kapere S, Serunkuma R, Sonko M, Magezi D;;; The AIDS Support Organisation, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: In Kampala Kisenyi suburb of Uganda up to 40% have been recorded as defaulters in a cohort. METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective review of TB records and observation of care given to TB patients was done at one of the health centres with a larger TB case load. Suspected defaulters were visited and inerv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7210)
Daniel Warner MD DA;;; Consultive Medicine, Flagler Beach, United States
BACKGROUND: Transmission of drug resistant HIV-1 strains is increasing. Drug-naive HIV patients with primary and/or secondary mutations are significantly more likey than patients without mutations to fail antiretviral therapy at 24 weeks. METHODS: 49 HIV antiretroviral naive patients were randomly chosen after testing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7211)
Porter K, Pillay D; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: the prevalence of transmitted drug resistant (TDR) HIV has increased since HAART became available, potentially compromising the efficacy of therapy in such individuals. However, there is in vitro evidence that such resistant species of virus have reduced replicative capacity. Our objective is to estimate wh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7212)
Routy JP, Brenner B, Bruce S, Spira B, Legault M, Moisi D, Rouleau D, Cote P, Thomas R, Lalonde RG, Leblanc R, Petrella M, Sekaly RP, Wainberg M;;; McGill Health Centre Immunodeficiency Service Department, Montreal, Canada
OBJECTIVE: The recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA (IAS) released in 2000, suggested delayed treatment for certain HIV patients. We hypothesized that this new therapeutical strategy would impact on the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance (DR) among newly infected patients after the year 2000. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7213)
Arnedo M, Miro JM, Pumarola T, Gil C, Claramonte X, del Rio A, Joseph J, Plana M, Blanco JL, Garcia F, Martinez E, Malloles JM, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of drug resistance-conferring mutations to antiretroviral agents in a cohort of patients with primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) in Barcelona ( Spain ) during the last five years (1997-2001).Patients: 47 consecutive cases diagnosed of PHI between May 1997 and December 2001.METHODS: HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7214)
Brady M, Fidler S, Clarke J, Weber J;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Widespread and increasing use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to rising prevalence of drug resistant strains of HIV-1. Transmission of these strains compromises future treatment options of newly infected patients. We report the prevalence of resistant virus strains in a cohort of patients with prima
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7215)
Afonso A, Machado ES, Lambert JS, Caride E, Cunha SM, Oliveira RH, Tanuri A;;; Universidade Federal do Rio de janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The emergence of HIV-1 mutations that confer resistance to antiretroviral agents is a major cause of treatment failure. Furthermore, mother-children transmission of these viral variants has been reported. We have performed a study to assess the presence of reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) resist
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7216)
Tanuri A, Soares MA, Brindeiro RM, Diaz RS, Costa LJ, Sabino EC, Gaburo Jr. N, Brigido L, Rodrigues R, Pires IL, Esperanza F, Morgado MM, Fernandez J, Lauria C, Dantas MC, Teixeira PR;;; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health (BMoH) has sponsored universal free access to HIV antiretroviral drugs for AIDS patients since 1996. This widespread use poses major concerns regarding the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. BMoH, therefore has implemented a National Network for Drug Resistance Surve
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7217)
Violin M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Piscopo R, Giacometti A, Perno CF, d'Arminio Monforte A, Balotta C;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: The expected prevalence of primary resistance to antiretrovirals (ARV) is a function of the proportion of patients achieving a sustained control of viral replication on ARV, actual levels of transmitted drug mutations (mts) and fitness of resistant mutants. The aim of this analysis was to assess the prevale
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7218)
Cross GD, Handsfield JH, Hearn T;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: The CDC Model Performance Evaluation Program for T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping (TLI) was initiated to evaluate the performance of labs conducting CD4+ T-cell testing related to HIV infection. Traditionally, absolute CD4+ T-cell counts have been derived using multi-platform methods (MPM) [hematology result
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7219)
Obimbo E, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Otieno PA, Bosire RK, Ochieng JO, Farquhar C, Kreiss JK, John-Stewart GC;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: A bimodal clinical course has been observed among perinatally HIV-1 infected children, with rapid disease progression (RP) and death occurring in 10%-45% of children by the age of 2 years, and the remaining progressing more slowly. Determination of predictors of RP in children is important for defining guid
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7220)
Agarwal SK, Makhija A, Anuradha S, Singh NP, Baveja UK;;; Department of Medicine, maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: The spectrum of opportunistic infections in HIV -AIDS patients in presenting to a major tertiary care hospital of New Delhi, India was studied. METHODS: Eighty patients with confirmed HIV infection were screened for the presence of opportunistic infections by clinical, laboratory and radiological methods.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7221)
Kutikuppala KS, Pilli RD, Gurulaxmi M;;; SHARP - School of HIV/AIDS Research &Prevention, CFI, Visakhapatnam, India
BACKGROUND: The family system in India is very strong and the wife and husband usually live together even with HIV infection. It is found some of the spouses continued to be negative and husbands died earlier than the wives, which prompted to undertake a long term study on the progression of HIV disease among the posit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7222)
Deng XW, Terunuma H, Handema R, Hanabusa H, Taki M, Kasai H, Yamashita A, Shioda T, Ito M, Mimaya J;;; Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan
BACKGROUND: The impact of host factors such as CCR5- and CXCR4- related genotypes on the induction of long-term non-progressor (LTNP) status among Asians remains undocumented. We therefore studied DNA polymorphism of these genes in HIV-1 infected LTNPs in Japanese hemophiliacs. METHOD: The frequencies of CCR5- and CXCR
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7223)
Negra MD, Yu CL, Queiroz W, Pochini AP, Soraggi-Neto C, Pacola DP;;; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
OBJECTIVES: Liver disorders and alterations in liver enzymes are frequent in the course of HIV infection among children. Despite its importance, ultrastructural studies in liver tissue of HIV-infected children are scarce. There are some significant data regarding these disorders among HIV infected adults. The aim of th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7224)
Pinto JA, Carvalho IR, Luchesi A, Lobato V, Kakehasi F, Greco DB;;; Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
OBJECTIVE: Nutritional status at admission was assessed as a prognostic marker for disease progression or death among a cohort of HIV-vertically infected children in a referral center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil . METHODS: Weigth-for-age Z-score (WAZ) at the initial visit was correlated with risk for progression to Categ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7225)
Buseyne F, Corre B, Porrot F, Bellal N, Burgard M, Rouzioux C, Blanche S, Riviere Y;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific CD8+ T cells play a major role in the containment of HIV replication and disease progression. New techniques with high sensitivity are now available for the study of virus -specific CD8+ T cells response. We present data obtained with the IFN-[gamma] Elispot to study anti-HIV CD8+ T cell respon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7226)
Keller MA, Venkatraman TN, Thomas MA, Deveikis A, LoPresti C, Hayes J, Berman N, Walot I, Osborn D, Padilla S, Johnston-Jones J, Ernst T, Chang L;;; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
Cerebral metabolite concentrations measured by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H MRS) have been shown to be abnormal in HIV-infected children. It is unclear how these findings relate to clinical severity or brain function. METHOD: Localized 1H MRS and neurodevelopmental assessment were performed in 20 HIV-infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7227)
Withum DG, Fiscus SA, Respess RA, Cachafeiro A, Newman DR, Cabruja I, Branson BM, Varnier OE, Dondero TJ;;; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Detection of HIV-1 by PCR is useful for the diagnosis of pediatric infection. Commercially available PCR methods are based on elaborate amplification approaches, are expensive, and require skilled technicians with specialized equipment and facilities, making their use prohibitive for many resource-poor area
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7228)
Zerhouni B, Saha K, Zhang J;;; Pediatrics/Molecular Medicine, the Ohio-state Univ., Columbus, OHIO, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 primarily infects CD4+T cells using CD4 as a receptor. In contrast, CD8+ lymphocytes play an important protective role against HIV-1. However, these cells eventually fail to protect against the development of AIDS. The exact reason of their failure remains unclear. We have recently reported isolation
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7229)
Rietmeijer CA, Davidson AJ, Cohn DL;;; Denver Public Health, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: HAART has profoundly changed the natural history of HIV disease. We studied the impact of HAART on trends in inpatient and outpatient care at Denver Health (DH), a public health care facility in Denver and the largest HIV care provider in Colorado and the Rocky Mountain region. METHODS: A database of HIV-in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7230)
Viani RM, Araneta MR, Romero CX, Spector SA;;; UCSD, La Jolla, United States
BACKGROUND: AIDS defining events, hospitalizations and mortality have diminished among HIV-infected adults receiving HAART; however the impact of HAART on HIV disease progression in perinatally infected children has not been well documented. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of evolving antiretroviral the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7231)
Tene G, Tietche F, Ayouba A, Nerrienet E, Tejiokem M, Kago I, Thonnon J, Lobe MM;;; Fondation C Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
BACKGROUND: A program for the reduction of mother to child transmission of HIV based on HIVNET 012 protocol has been going on in the MCC of CBF since January 2000. Babies born within the framework of this program are followed up. We present an analysis of the results got so far. METHODS: This longitudinal study started
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7232)
Joao EC, Cruz ML, Matos H, Calvet GA, Ribeiro SR, Silva SM, Mello FM, Salgado LA, Braga RC, Menezes JA;;; Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Since 1996 the Infectious Diseases and Maternal-Fetal Departments of Hospital dos Servidores do Estado - Rio de Janeiro have been following a cohort of HIV + pregnant women and their babies. Besides prenatal care, antiretrovirals (ARV), viral load, CD4 counts and infant formula were offered to all women. Du
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7233)
Arpadi SM, Horlick M, Verret W, Cuff P, Thornton J, Wang J, Kotler D;;; St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center/Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: In addition to lipodystrophy (LD), bone mineral content is decreased in HIV-infected (HIV+) children compared to healthy children. No prior study has assessed the relationship between LD and accrual of bone mineral content using objective criteria for LD and longitudinal measurements of bone. Our objective
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7234)
Nerlander LM, Nathan LM, Dixon J, Barnabas R, Wholeben BE, Musoke R, Palakudy T, D'Agostino A, Chakraborty R;;; Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: As a result of the HIV epidemic in Africa, much debate exists on whether institutionalised compared to community-based care provides optimum management of infected children. Previous reports calculated 89% mortality by age 3 amongst out-patients in Malawi . No similar data is available for infected children
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7235)
Oliveira MA, Gongorra IG, Mendonca MF, Louris RL, Adade EA, Lippe VL, Marins JR;;; Clinica municipal STD/AIDS, Sorocaba, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Since ACTG 076 demonstrated that vertical transmission can be prevented, guaranteeing access to this intervention has been a worldwide challenge. In 1998, we implemented a program to screen pregnant women for HIV and prevent vertical transmission in the public health services of Sorocaba, a ctiy of 500,000
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7236)
Nguyen RH, Gange SJ, Serwadda D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Sewankambo NK, Wawer MJ, Quinn TC, Gray RH;;; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV status and duration of infection are associated with reduced likelihood of becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy. The role of HIV-RNA viral load on pregnancy rates and outcome is unknown. METHODS: A case-control nested in a population cohort used data from Rakai, Uganda . Cases were women who d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7237)
Msellati P, Fassinou P, Rouet F, Laguide R, Elenga N, Kouakoussui A, Blanche S;;; Laboratoire Population Environnement/IRD, Marseille, France
No data are available on antiretroviral therapies (ART) in HIV-infected children in Africa. A prospective cohort started in Cote d Ivoire in october 2000. OBJECTIVES: to describe pediatric HIV infection under antiretroviral drugs in Africa. METHODS: At baseline, there was a clinical and biological (blood cell count, CD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7238)
Hainaut M, Ducarme M, Schandene L, Peltier CA, Mascart F, Levy J;;; Department of Paediatrics, Hopital Saint-Pierre, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
BACKGROUND: The lack of immune control of HIV has been linked to a defect in virus-specific T-helper-cell responses. The goal of this study was to test lymphoproliferative responses (LPR) to p24 and to recall antigens in 3 groups of children: 5 with non progressive disease who maintain a normal CD4+ T cell count and a
BACKGROUND: Vertical transmission of HIV-1 is thought to mainly take place by virus crossing the placental barrier. However, the mechanism by which HIV-1 infects placental cells remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Cytotrophoblast were further purified by negative selection with anti-HLA antibodies by immunomagnetic sepa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7240)
az Munoz L, Arias RA, Munoz-Fernandez M;;; Hospital General Univ Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Vertical transmission of HIV-1 is thought to mainly take place by virus crossing the placental barrier. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated.METHODS: Cytotrophoblast were further purified by negative selection with anti-HLA antibodies by immunomagnetic separation. Cocultures of infected placental
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7241)
Kopka J, Batalla M, Mangano A, Mecivovsky D, Bologna R, Sen L;;; Hospital Nacional de Pediatria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: NSI viral isolates predominate during the asymptomatic phase of infection. A switch from NSI to SI phenotype occurs in about half of infected adults during the course of infection and usually precedes AIDS outcome. Our aim was to investigate the effect of HAART on the SI phenotype of HIV-1 isolates in a ped
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7242)
Campos-Mello DL, Lorete RS, Wiering AC, Pone MV, Campos JM, Morgado MG;;; Lab. of AIDS &Molec. Immunol., Dept. of Immunol., Oswaldo Cruz Inst., Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Although the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and the antiretroviral therapy are basically the same for all HIV-infected individuals, some important differences in the immunological markers, viral load and treatment adherence have been described for HIV-infected children. The HIV RNA quantification and the C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7243)
Rakusan TA, Perez W, Hagan-Temple V, Peters V, Melville S, Mascola L, Ortiz I, Hsu H, Sukalac T, Dominguez K, Fowler MG;;; Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: While HAART is efficacious in reducing HIV viral load, many adults on HAART fail to achieve complete suppression of HIV replication. We evaluated pediatric trends in HAART use and HIV RNA plasma levels. METHODS: PSD is a longitudinal medical record review study at 6 U.S. sites that has followed HIV- infecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7244)
Figueroa-Medrano LP, Figueroa R, Arreola GR;;; Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing number of children born to HIV-infected women that are free of infection; however, few information about the physical growth and neurologic development of these children has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the somatic growth and neurologic development of a cohort of children bor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7245)
Fawzi WW, Msamanga GI, Spiegelman D, Antelman G, Villamor E, Wei R, Manji K, Renjifo B, Hunter D;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND. In prospective studies, poor micronutrient status of HIV-infected women is related to impaired immune function and higher incidence of pregnancy complications. METHODS. We randomized 1078 HIV-1 infected pregnant women from Tanzania in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effects of vitami
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7246)
Birkhead GS, Wade NA, Zielinski MA, Glaros R, Warren BA, Novello A;;; NYS Dept. of Health AIDS Institute, Albany NY, United States
BACKGROUND: NYS has implemented programs designed to decrease perinatal HIV transmission. Interventions include increasing the rates of prenatal (PN) care, administration of antiretroviral prophylaxis during the PN, intrapartum (IP) and newborn (NB) periods and offering elective cesarean section (CS) when indicated. We
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7247)
Volmink JA, Brocklehurst P;;; Global Health Council, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Alternative antiretroviral drug regimens are continuously being assessed in randomized trials for their effectiveness in preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. To assist decisionmakers a Cochrane review has been prepared and will be updated in the light of new evidence. METHODS: We searched
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7248)
Veloso VG, Morgado MG, Nielsen KA, Bastos FI, Pilotto JH, Joao EC, Grinsztejn B, Santos BR, Kreitchmann R, Fonseca R, Pinto J, Busch B, Derrico M, Mello D, Bryson YJ;;; FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: A significant number of pregnant women in Brazil are unaware of their HIV serostatus because of lack of prenatal care, lack of testing or unavailability of results. We evaluated the feasibility of rapid HIV testing during the peripartum period followed by interventions. METHODS: Pregnant women with unknown
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral (AR) regimens being used vary widely among HIV-1 infected children. In most clinical trials and observational studies of PI-containing regimens, less than 50% have achieved an undetectable plasma viral load (VL). Current AR therapy is better tolerated than the initial PIs, and salvage therapy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7250)
Coll P, Nenna A, Lattner J, Sepulveda T, Serjan A, Buraschi F, Cahn P;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral drugs are increasingly used in pregnant women. After the universal adoption of three-part ZDV prophylaxis for perinatal prophylaxis, double nucleoside and triple combinations are prescribed for the benefit of pregnant women s health. We perform an ongoing safety evaluation in a pediatric coho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7251)
Serunkuuma R, Kaddumukasa A, Kiwanuka A, Nganga V;;; The Aids Support Orgonanisation (TASO), Kampala, Uganda
OBJECTIVES: To determine the difference in: - (i) growth between the differences in infants born to HIV +ve women at Mulago Hospital. (ii) infection rates between these 2 groups; and (iii) transmission rates between these 2 groups. METHODS: Prospective analytical observational study of all infants born to HIV +ve women
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7252)
Zar HJ, Hanslo D, Hussey G;;; School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Induced sputum (IS) has been used to obtain lower respiratory tract secretions for pathogens in older children and adults but has rarely been performed in infants or young children. The aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of IS as a diagnostic method in HIV-infected and uninfected children wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7253)
dos Santos SS, Lopes MH, Simonsen V, Filho HH;;; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The number of individuals who live with HIV/AIDS is growing due to the increasing incidence of this infection and to the improvement in life expectancy, making it necessary to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of immunizing this population. The purpose of this study is to verify the safety and efficacy o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7254)
Grimwade KC, Swingler G;;; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infections are leading causes of death and reduced quality of life in those infected with HIV. Cotrimoxazole is being proposed internationally for the prevention of a range of microbial infections. The objective of this review is to assess the effects of routinely administered cotrimoxazole on
BACKGROUND: In Cote d Ivoire , bacterial diseases (BD) were the first cause of morbidity in HIV-infected adults before cotrimoxazole (CMX) prophylaxis was implemented. In 1999, a national consensus statement recommended that CMX should be prescribed in adults at WHO stage 2 or with CD4 count
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7256)
Tumbarello M, de Gaetano Donati K, Tacconelli E, Citton R, Spanu T, Leone F, Fadda G, Cauda R;;; Dept. Infectious Diseases Catholic University, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to define the incidence, risk factors and short term predictors of mortality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia in HIV infected patients. METHODS: All HIV infected subjects with S. aureus bacteremia were consecutively enrolled in a case-control st
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7257)
Ho KM, Ho KK, Lin CK;;; Special Preventive Programmes-DH, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
BACKGROUND: Syphilis is not uncommon in people infected with HIV. Conventionally, VDRL and FTA-Abs are the serological tests used for screening and confirming the diagnosis of syphilis. However, ambiguous results are not infrequent. Immune-capture immunoassay (ICE) has been suggested as an alternative because of its hi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7258)
Lopez-Palomo C, Martin-Zamorano M, Fernandez-Gutierrez C, Perez-Guzman E, Guerrero F, Perez-Cano R, Giron JA;;; Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
BACKGROUND: Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent and serious problem for HIV-immunosuppressed adults. To date, the effect of vaccination with a polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on this group is unclear. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 296 HIV-1-infected adults from January 1996 to January 2001. O
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7259)
Galera C, Redondo C, Poza G, Furones M, Ruiperez J, Perez D;;; HUVArrixaca, Murcia, Spain
BACKGROUND: Bacteremia in HIV-infected patients is a commom clinical problem. Recent reports point out a drop in its incidence, probably related to Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) introduction. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of bacteremia in a HIV-inpatients cohort, and its possibl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7260)
Kaufman SC, Perez H, Ben G, Bonneu B, Tutzer S, Cahn PE;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: The incidence of Mycobacterial disease has increased over the last decade, probably in association with the spread of the AIDS epidemic and the country s social-economic situation that has restricted high-risk populations access to health care services. The aim of this study is to report the incidence, dist
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7262)
Chugh S, Yadav P, Shrivastava D, Salam J, Verma U, Sethi A;;; Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries like India . It is usually a reactivation of an old healed tubercular focus due to immune suppression. METHODS: A total of 397 HIV+ adults were seen between October 99 and December 2001 for various opportun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7263)
Lanjewar D, Bhandarkar L, Hira S;;; Sir J. J. Hospital, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Although India has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS the associated pathologies responsible for morbidity have not been evaluated previously in a representative study. Hence, an autopsy study was carried out to analyse the spectrum of lesions in patients with HIV / AIDS. METHODS: A retrospective and prospective
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7264)
Colvin M, Gumede L, Grimwade K, Maher D, Wilkinson D;;; Medical Research Council of South Africa, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In the rural district of Hlabisa, South Africa , adult tuberculosis admissions increased by 360% (from 303 to 1 393) between 1991 and 1998 with 65% of TB patients being co-infected with HIV by 1997. The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in Hlabisa in 1999 was 32.
BACKGROUND: Few data are available on tuberculosis in HIV-infected children in Africa. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence, describe clinical signs, evolution and care management difficulties. METHODS: HIV-infected children are followed in a prospective cohort initiated in Abidjan from October 2000.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7266)
Barros MB, Velazco LV, Lederer HL, Matera PM, Sara SM, Ruiz RF, Mora MC;;; 1058, Barranquilla, Colombia
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary TB is a frequent condition in HIV/AIDS patients. Epidemiological data from several studies have shown an increase in the incidence and mortality of TB in children. Given the fact that TB prevalence in Colombia is high, we decided to determine the prevalence and clinical profile among children livi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7267)
Yanamadala VM, Rayudu LK, Sunnam S;;; Kakinada, India
BACKGROUND: To know the frequency of tuberculosis in HIV infection in a country with high prevalence of TB. Since TB is a respiratory opportunistic infection transmitted from man to man and can affect any system of the body, many HIV positive persons are likely to present with TB. METHODS: 335 HIV infected persons with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7268)
Girardi E, Vanacore P, Palmieri F, Lanini S, Pauluzzi S, Antonucci G, Ippolito G; INMI L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the outcome of treatment of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) in the context of wide use of HAART. A prospective study aimed to estimate tuberculosis treatment outcomes, and their determinants among HIV-infected patients is ongoing in Italy .
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7269)
Das PC, Das PK;;; Pranabananda Seva Niketan, KolKata, India
BACKGROUND: HIV infection has a perennial relationship with tuberculosis infection. This study was conducted to find out the incidence and type of tuberculous disease in cases of HIV infection. METHOD: Consecutive 60 cases of HIV infection have been incorporated in the present study with view to find out the nature of
BACKGROUND: HIV has definite impact on natural history and epidemiology of tuberculosis . With the high prevalence of tuberculosis in India , nearly 60% of HIV/AIDS cases are reported to have tubercular disease. METHOD: We revised the clinical files of 43 individuals living
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7271)
Navas E, Oliva J, Miralles P, Berenguer J, Rubio R, Pulido F, Moreno MV, Valencia ME, Arranz A, Sanz J, Moreno S;;; Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: AND METHODS: To study the efficacy and tolerance of the different combinations of antituberculous and antiretroviral regimens in HIV infected patients with tuberculosis (TB), we reviewed the charts of all HIV-infected patients with culture confirmed tuberculosis diagnosed between January-1996 and January-20
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7272)
Xet AM, Lau D, Samayoa B, Velasquez-Porta T, Arathoon E;;; University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
BACKGROUND: To determine the genetic variability in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from ambulatory and hospitalized patients from an urban public hospital. To stablish the existence of intra-hospitalary strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS: Genetic typing of M. tuberculosis using the polymeras
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7273)
Resende MR, Villares MC, Ramos MC;;; Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The assessment of recent transmission of tuberculosis (TB) in healthcare facilities and other closed institutions allows to evaluate the effectiveness of TB control. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the probable recent transmission of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) among HIV-infected patients attending at a Brazilian Hospital
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7274)
Singh S, Singh N, Singhal S, Balooni V;;; A.I.I.M.S., New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is a major health problem particularly in developing countries. World Health Organization estimates that 8 million people contact tuberculosis every year with 2 million deaths. India is hardest hit country, particul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7275)
Churchyard GJ, Fielding KL, Charalambous S, Day JH, Mantsoe I, Corbett EL, Hayes RJ, Samb B, Grant AD;;; Aurum Health Research Unit, Welkom, South Africa
BACKGROUND: HIV infection is a major risk factor for recurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in countries with high TB incidence. Reinfection is likely to be an important cause of recurrence among HIV-infected individuals. Existing international guidelines make no recommendations for secondary preventive therapy (PT).
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7276)
Horta A, Fortes O, Terceiro M, ndez J, Recalde C, Vasconcelos O, Freitas M, Sarmento e Castro R;;; Hospital Joaquim Urbano, Porto, Portugal
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected IV drug users (IVDUs) are frequently noncompliant to treatment. In a previous group of IVDUs we registered a 35,7% compliance to anti-tuberculous therapy. Morbidity, mortality (40% in 12 months) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) drug multiresistance (18%) were very high. In a prospective
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7277)
Mulindwa MM, Kityo CK, Masira DM;;; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) is a specialized Centre carrying out research in HIV and related diseases. 75% of patients report to JCRC in advanced stages of various opportunistic infections, often severely ill with CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7278)
Toossi ZT, Arts EJ, Lawn SL, Collins CK, Collins CK;;; Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, United States
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) enhances HIV-1 activity and ultimately the progression to AIDS in dually infected subjects. We employed pleural TB as a model to understand the interaction of the host with HIV-1 during active TB, at sites of MTB infection. Patients were recruited in Kampala, Uganda . METHODS: Blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7279)
Abdool- Karim QA;;; Fogarty AITRP, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa . Co-infection with HIV is a major contributor to the growing burden of tuberculosis placing greater imperatives for enhancing tuberculosis case management. The National TB Control Programme implemented the directl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7280)
Ribera E, Azuaje C, Montero F, Soriano A, Lopez RM, Pou L, Domingo P, Mallolas J, Sanchez F, Lopez-Colomes JL, Gatell JM, Pahissa A;;; Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis (TB) is complex because of drug interactions occurring between rifamycines and PI/NNRTI. There is very little experience in the use of ritonavir (RTV)-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7281)
Quercia R, Ben G, Zala C, Kaufman S, Tocci M, Perez H, Cahn P;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Successful therapy of both TB and HIV meet similar obstacles: high pill burden, adherence, drug interactions and toxicity. Limited clinical data are available to support a therapeutic strategy in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To asses clinical, virological and immunological outcome of HIV infected patients with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7282)
Woolley IJ, Johnsen SP, Sorensen HT, Jacobson L, Li X, Ostergaard L;;; Alfred Hospital/ Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Australia
BACKGROUND: There has been increasing concern that there is an increased risk of cardiovascular events since the HAART era. There is also some association of Chlamydia pneumoniae with vascular disease. We aimed to see whether prophylaxis with macrolides with activity against C pneumoniae decreased the rates of cardiac
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7283)
Santiago AC, Menezes VM, Neves-Junior I, Lourenco MC, Rolla VC, Bonecini-Almeida MG;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation / Evandro Chagas Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND M. avium infection (MAC) is recognized as a common opportunist disease in patients with advanced Aids. Mortality in these patients is quite high. It is may be related to the virulence factors (VF) of different MAC clinical isolates (MAC-CI) and functional defects in the immune cells. Our principal aim was to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7284)
Franco-Paredes C, Rhein FQ, Barragan M, Abrams C, del Rio C;;; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: The incidence of opportunistic infections (OI) has dramatically decreased in the HAART era, however OI continue to occur despite availability of HAART because of poor access to care, poor compliance, and undiagnosed HIV-infection. Thus, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7285)
Madhi SA, Ismail K, OReilly C, Cutland C, Klugman KP;;; Pneumococcal Diseases Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Joahnnesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Data regarding the burden of P. carinii among African HIV infected children with pneumonia is limited. This burden and the interaction of P. carinii with bacteria and respiratory viruses in African HIV infected children with pneumonia was evaluated prospectively. METHODS: Children aged 6 weeks to 3.5 years
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7286)
Degen O, van Lunzen J, Horstkotte MA, Sobottka I, Stellbrink HJ;;; University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Medical department, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: Before the advent of HAART, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) was one of the most common severe opportunistic infections (OI). With the reduction in its occurrence due to the widespread use of HAART it appears possible now to interrupt
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7287)
Mussini C, Pezzotti P, Martinez E, Meda JM, Aberg J, Bossi P, Cahn P, Borghi V, Cinque P, Bedini A, Manfredi R, Lazzarin A, Luca AD, d'Arminio A, Cossarizza A, Esposito R;;; Clinic Infectious Diseases, Modena, Italy
BACKGROUND: HAART has decreased the incidence of new episodes and recurrences of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS. At this time, only anecdotal data are available concerning discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. METHODS: The main inclusion criteria were a previous definitive
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7288)
Sanchez-V LO, Franco-M FJ, Perez-R P, Corona-I FP, Romo-G J;;; Microbiology Department, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology of Postrgrade and Research Studies, School of Dentistry UNAM, Distrito Federal, Mexico
BACKGROUND. The aim of the present study was to determine the salivary pH in patients with oral candidosis with and without HIV/AIDS and in a control group, assesing if its variations are related to the disease development, type of candidosis, Candida species, and other present diseases. METHODS. The sample comprised 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7289)
Pongcharoenkiat N, Wirachwong P, Burananon V, Kraisintu K;;; R&D Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Amphotericin B (AmB) is the drug of choice for treatment of aggressive fungal infections in AIDS victims though its severe toxicity to human still remains. Interests in developing the AmB lipid based formulations have arisen due to a number of studies indicating that AmB may be delivered to the target sites
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7290)
Marquinez LE, Pietrobon D, Greca A, Kilstein J, Galindez J;;; Internal Medicine department Hospital Eva Peron, Rosario, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Most of our country is endemic for the disease. With this data we want to describe our patients with AIDS and disseminated Histoplasmosis (DH) in our Hospital and compare them with other reports. METHOD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7291)
Luque AG, Biasoli MS, Santambrosio V, Tosello ME, Binolfi A, Magaro HM, Lupo S;;; CEREMIC-Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Although Candida albicans (C.a.) remains the fungal species most frequently isolated as an opportunistic oral pathogen, other yeast species are often identified in HIV (+) individuals. C. dubliniensis (C.d.) phenotypically resembles C.a. in germ tubes and chlamydospores formation. The purpose of the present
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7292)
Vibhagool A, Sungkanuparph S, Mootsikapun P, Chetchotisakd P, Tansuphaswaswadikul S, Bowonwatanuwong C, Rojanawatsirivet C, Waiwaravut J, Chantratita W;;; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Preliminary data from small studies suggest that as with other OIs ( PCP , disseminated MAC infection, CMV retinitis, and toxoplasmosis), cryptococcal meningitis may be possible to stop secondary prophylaxis in patients whose CD4 lymphocyte count rises with antiretroviral therapy.
BACKGROUND: Primary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in HIV infected patients is not routinely recommended due to lacking of evidence of survival benefit. Thailand has a high prevalence of CM, primary prophylaxis in these patients might be beneficial. METHODS: A prospective multicenter randomized double-bli
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7295)
Baurele M, Taylor B, Schroppel K, Bergmann S, Kalden JR, llinghoff M, Harrer T;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: To study whether oral C.albicans infections in HIV-infected patients are caused by a depletion of Candida specific T-cells, we analysed oral colonisation with C. albicans in correlation to the Candida specific cellular immunity measured by ELISPOT, Candida specific proliferation assays and skin tests. METHO
BACKGROUND: Since 1997, Medecins sans frontieres (MSF) is supporting the infectious disease department of Preah Bath Norodom Sihanouk hospital in Phnom Penh, to improve the quality of care for HIV/AIDS patients. We assessed the impact of the program on the evolution of cryptococcal neuro-meningitis (CNM)-related death.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7297)
Boumis E, Serraino D, Petrosillo N, Ippolito G;;; Natl Inst for Infectious Diseases L.Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between cryptococcosis (CR) as an AIDS-defining illness in the European population and the following data: age, sex, country of residence, risk factors for HIV infection and year of AIDS diagnosis, in order to better characterize the epidemiological characteristics of this clinical
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7299)
Pavia-Ruz NM, Jarillo D, Munoz MR, rdenas C, Ramirez ML, Ortega M, Santos JI;;; Med. School-UNAM-General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
BACKGROUND.Chronic diarrhea (CD) is an important complication of HIV infection resulting in significant morbidity. A variety of opportunistic of gastrointestinal tract may be the causative agent. We present the frequency of opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasites in Mexican children with AIDS associate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7300)
Bossolasco S, Olchini D, Martello L, Gaiera G, Lazzarin A, Uberti-Foppa C, Cinque P;;; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND: Viscearal leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe and frequent disease in HIV patients living in the Mediterranean basin. Its treatment is difficult because of the frequent relapse that occur in HIV patients. The objective of this study was to determined if a quantitative PCR for Leishmania DNA might be a useful too
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7301)
Shakhgildian VI, Tishkevich OA, Parhomenko YG;;; Russian AIDS Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: The CMV-infection (CMVI) is still one of the most frequent concomitant diseases among AIDS patients in Russia . CMVI was accounted for 35,7% if deceased AIDS patients in Moscow in 2000. Despite the gravity and high frequency of the CMV-damage of adrenal glands among HIV-infected pa-tients this particular pa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7302)
Nelson M, Barr A, Fisher M, Matthews G, Gazzard BG;;; Chelsea &Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Aim To investigate the activity of tenofovir for the treatment of hepatitis B in individuals co-infected with HIV. Methods Prospective review of individuals receiving tenofovir as part of their HIV antiviral regimen who are co-infected with chronic hepatitis B and HIV. Results 14 individuals received tenofovir at a sta
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7303)
Scapellato PG, Bottaro E, Brieschcke MT, Dato A, Vidal GI;;; Grupo de Infectologia, Hospital Donacion Santojanni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: The virus HTLV-I, which belongs to the family Retroviridae, is responsible for a group of diseases as adult T-cell leukemia, HTLV-I associated myelopathy, arthtopathy, uveitis, dermatitis, and others. Its prevalence in blood donors in Argentina is approximately 0,032%, and a prevalence of 2,32% has been des
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7304)
Tsertsvadze T, Gochitashvili N, Sharvadze L, Dvali N;;; Infectious Diseases, AIDS &Clinical Immunology Research Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
BACKGROUND: CMV infection is the common viral opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. We studied prevalence of latent infection, asymtpomatic viraemia and clinically manifested CMV infection in HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS: 132 antiretroviral naive HIV patients aged 19 - 65 has been prospectively followed for 2 years.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7305)
Henry M, Handel J, Holzman R, Greene J;;; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND- HAART allows HIV-infected patients to maintain active lifestyles which may expose them to a risk of Lyme disease. We studied the safety and immunogenicity of a rapid sequence vaccination schedule with rOSP-A [LYMErix®] in HIV+ persons with moderate immunosuppression. METHODS- 16 patients were enrolled wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7306)
Acharya V, Mathur D, Vyas N, Mehta S;;; Zanana Hospital, Jaipur, India
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). METHODS: The present study was conducted in SMS Medical College, Jaipur, INDIA to evaluate the prevalence of CIN in Women infected with HIV. 52 Seropositive cases recruited from Femal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7307)
Amiel C, Dutreuil C, Schneider V, Lependeven C, Rozenbaum W, Nicolas JC;;; Serv.Maladies Infectieuses, Hop Rothschild, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: EBV is often associated with non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Treating patients with potent antiretroviral therapy could decrease the risk of NHL by restoring immune status and/or by reducing EBV load. We therefore analyzed EBV viral load in patients under HAART. METHODS: proviral HIV DNA and EBV were simultaneo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7308)
Grinsztejn B, Bastos FI, Veloso VG, Russomano F, Morgado M, Pilotto JH, Friedman RK, Taromaru E, Derrico M, Schechter M;;; Evandro Chagas Hospital Research Center - Fiocruz and SMS - Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: In BR, women account for 25% of AIDS cases reported and the HIV infection rate among is this population is growing faster than in other populations. Cervical cancer is still a major public health problem in BR. Nevertheless, little is known about HPV infection and the role of HPV viral load in w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7309)
Conley LJ, Bush TJ, Ellerbrock TV, Lennox JL, Wu F, Evans-Strickfaden T, Hart CE, Wright TC;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected women are at increased risk for HPV-associated cervical carcinoma, and about one-half will develop a cervical cancer precursor. We investigated the effect of HAART on HPV load in vaginal secretions. METHODS: Plasma HIV-1 RNA, quantified using a QC-PCR assay, vaginal HPV DNA, quantified using th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7310)
Salit IE, Chantler P;;; Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV+ patients (pts) are predisposed to malignancies. Three malignancies are AIDS-defining: Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin s lymphoma and invasive cervical cancer. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with immune reconstitution may prevent or control some cancers. The aim of the current study is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7311)
Spina M, Gabarre J, Mainini A, Re A, Vaccher E, Tirelli U;;; Medical oncology a cro, Aviano, Italy
background: the outcome of pts with hd-hiv is still poor, mainly because the duration of complete remission (cr) is short. in an attempt to improve the prognosis of hd-hiv, a feasibility study with the intensive 12-week ct regimen with adjuvant radiotherapy (stanford v) and concomitant haart was started in previously u
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the frequency and correlates of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) as an AIDS-defining illness (ADI) in Europe and its relationship with incidence rates in the general population. METHODS: Statistical analysis of data from: i) national AIDS surveillance systems of 15 European countries with at least
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7313)
Powles T, Nelson M, Oliver T, Fisher M, Stebbing J, Johnson M, Gazzard BG, Bower M;;; Chelsea &Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Introduction Both HIV and testicular cancer commonly occur in young males. There have been conflicting reports as to the frequency and nature of HIV related testicular cancer (HT) and its treatment. We present a large series of HT addressing its presentation, therapy and prognosis. Patients and METHODS: Between 1989-99
BACKGROUND: Infection with the human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8) is a necessary cause for the development of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) and some types of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma . Some modalities of HHV-8 transmission are still to be clarified, particularly as regards the female-to-male and the mother-to-child transmission.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7315)
Ribera JM, Navarro JT, Oriol A, Lopez-Guillermo A, Abella E, Hernandez-Rivas JA, Sureda A, Feliu E;;; Hematology Department Hospital Universitari Germans Trias 1 Pujol, Badalona, Spain
Background and OBJECTIVE. HAART has been associated with improvement of response to therapy and survival in AIDS-related systemic non-Hodgkin s lymphomas and in primary CNS lymphomas. However, its effect in patients with ARHD has not been evaluated. Patients. 45 patients with ARHD diagnosed in 5 hospitals from Cataloni
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7316)
Kreitchmann R;;; STD/AIDS Municipal Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to characterize the prevalence and risk factors associated with pap smear abnormalities in HIV positive women. METHODS: Study participants were submitted to pap smear, CD4 count and viral load as part of their medical care in STD/AIDS Municipal Center of Porto Alegre. We analy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7317)
Casari S CS, Rossi G RG, Alessandro RA, Tirelli U TU, Moretti F MF, Quiros-Roldan E QE, Cadeo GP CG, Carosi G CG, Ferremi P FP, Lanfranchi A LA, Tomasoni L TL, Airoldi M AM, Torti C TC, Paraninfo G PG, Chiodera A CA, Milini P MP, Cristini G CG;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Brescia, Kazakhstan
Background The recent introduction of HAART, by restoring the immune system, has allowed the evaluation of an new aggressive therapeutic approach in HIV-associated lymphoma pts. Methods PBSC mobilization followed by high-dose chemotherapy and PBSC transplantation, in pts with HIV associated lymphoma, refractory to or r
BACKGROUND: HIV-positive people with high-grade lymphoma who do not respond to chemotherapy or develop early progression after chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. METHODS: In a side-protocol of the German HIV-related Lymphoma Study , Rituximab (375 mg/m2 weekly, up to four times) was administered concomitant with secon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7319)
McComsey GA, Chu A;;; Rainbow Babies and Children Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: PIs may differ in their ability to cause dyslipidemias. OBJECTIVE: Assess the magnitude of change in lipids after ritonavir (RTV)-boosted PI therapy. METHODS: Retrospective review of HIV+ subjects on > 4 m of either nelfinavir (NFV) or RTV-boo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7320)
Lauenroth-Mai E, Schlote F;;; Private practice, Berlin, Germany
BACKGROUND: To assess prevalence and risk factors for fat redistribution a cross-sectional survey of 354 outpatients was performed in 2000. There was no difference in risk of either morphologic or metabolic disorders between thymidine analogues d4T and ZDV. OBJECTIVE: A one year follow-up survey was carried out to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7321)
Mauss S, Stechel J, Schmutz G, Berger F, Richter WO;;; Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) led to concerns about an increased cardiovascular risk in HIV+ patients (pts). To estimate this risk we compared the lipoprotein particles of HIV+ pts with ART with pts with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) (high cardiovascular risk)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7322)
Moyle GJ, Baldwin C, Gazzard BG;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Introduction: Clinical data support a role for PIs in metabolic and morphological changes in persons on ART. Additionally, efavirenz (EFV) may lead to cholesterol elevations in some individuals. Cohort studies have suggested that morphological changes may occur more commonly on d4T-based regimens and lipids may improve
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7323)
Baum MK, Campa A, Lai S, Lai H, Yang Z, Sales S, King K, Page B;;; Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
BACKGROUND: Zinc (Zn) deficiency is associated with immune abnormalities and increased susceptibility to infections. While Zn deficiency has been observed in various HIV+ populations, including those on HAART, its relevance in HIV disease is not understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether dietary Zn
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7324)
Parassol N, Amri Z, Saint CL, Vincent JP, Cupo A;;; Student, Valbonne, France
The cellular metabolism of the antiretroviral drugs may contribute to reduce the efficient cellular concentration of drugs able to contain the viral load. High therapeutic regimen, used to overcome clinical failures, induce dramatic side effects among them dramatic metabolism defects named lipodystrophy syndrome. This
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7325)
Caraciolo BB, nchez Alonso J, Carrio Montiel D, del Corral del Campo S, Molina AQ, Heredero Sebastian M, Garcia Perez S, del Romero Guerrero J;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Servicio Madrileno de Salud, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Altered lipid metabolism is known to affect immune processes. Most of studies are refered to aids patients and few of them have investigated the relationship between serum lipid levels and CD4 lymphocytes (CD4) or viral load (VL). This study characterized the lipid profile of asymptomatic untreated HIV posi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7326)
Porteiro N, Mingrone H, Re L, Loiza E;;; Muniz Hospital, buenos aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/r is a potent protease inhibitor . Its efficay has been extensively studied. The objective is to analyze the adverse events (AE) observed with the administration of this combination during the EAP. METHODS: Eighty patients were included in the EAP during the year 2000. They received Lopinavir plus
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7327)
Koppel K, Bratt G, Bylund H, Lund B, Fredriksson EL, Sandstrom E;;; Venhalsan, Stockholm Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Metabolic disorders and changes in body fat distribution are major concerns in the treatment of HIV. We compared the relation between metabolic parameters and the ratio of VAT/SAT among patients on PI-ART and treatment naive patients during 2 years follow up. METHODS: 126 patients, 101 on PI-ART since 21+/-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7328)
Pribram V;;; Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Race and gender may affect associations between abdominal fat and metabolic disturbances in people taking HAART. METHOD: Associations between fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, combined hyperlipidaemia and waist circumference, other indices of central fat, and BMI, were determined using Spearman s ran
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7330)
Peabody D, Mann E, Burdge D, Rempel T, Prior J, Morris C;;; Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: An apparently increased incidence of low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in HIV-infected patients. We present preliminary cross-sectional data from an ongoing study to investigate factors associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia in HIV-positive women. METHODS: Forty-nine HIV-positive women a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7331)
Dinges WL, Chen D, Agyarko A, Weatherall P, Peterson DM, Garg A;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitor inclusive highly active anti-retroviral therapy (PI-HAART) has been associated with a lipodystrophy syndrome (LDHIV) characterized by regional fat redistribution. The specific modalities to best assess the abnormal body-fat distribution in LDHIV have not been well studied. Methods/Study D
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7332)
Mannheimer S, Perkins M, Diamond B, Ford J, Holson N, Findley S, Colson P, El-Sadr W;;; Columbia University, Harlem Hospital, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: There is inconsistency in the literature about the many factors that may impact adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This analysis was performed to determine predictors of adherence to ART among HIV-infected individuals at an inner-city clinic in New York City. METHODS: Baseline adherence was measured
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7333)
Braitstein PK, Yip B, Montaner JS, Levy A, Joseph J, Kiely FM, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
OBJECTIVE: To determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with undergoing cardiac procedures (open heart surgery, diagnostic catheters, and coronary angioplasty) among persons infected with HIV on antiretrovirals. METHODS: Since 1991, antiretrovirals in British Columbia have been centrally di
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7334)
Merchant RH, Sharma A, Oswal J, Menon P;;; Pediatrician - Nanavati Hospital, Former Dean and Prof of Pediatrics - Wadia Hospital., Bombay, India
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this prospective study, carried out at a HIV clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital, was to determine glucocorticoid reserves in children with HIV-1 infection, as such cases may have symptomatology consistent with adrenal insufficiency. METHODS: 15 ambulatory HIV-infected children with wastin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7335)
Mwamburi MD, Gerrior J, Skully E, Sabouri S, Wanke C;;; Sackler School, Tufts University, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Wasting and lipodystrophy occurring in HIV are associated with a reduction in quality of life (QOL). Megace use has been shown to increase the fat component while oxandrolone causes an increase in lean body mass (LBM) but each with little or no effect on QOL. This study describes the effect of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7336)
Tremblay CL, Giguel F, Olson D, Rosen E, Hirsch MS, Grinspoon S;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying the changes in fat distribution associated with HIV lipodystrophy are not known. Several studies have suggested an association between metabolic abnormalities, fat redistribution and the use of protease inhibitors (PI). However, lipodystrophy has been observed in PI-naive subjects,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7337)
Bello MC;;; Accion Solidaria, Caracas, Venezuela
BACKGROUND. PLWH s with Lipodystrophy report negative changes in their body image and their sexual behaviour. The purpose of this study is to examine these perceptions and how they affect their sexuality. METHOD. 37 PLWH s and lipodystrophy, 84% male -all homosexual- and 16% female -all heterosexual-, all 37 single. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7338)
Smith B, Raper J, Weaver M, Gower B, Hunter G, Randazza L, Weinsier R, Saag M;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) places patients at risk for the development of premature cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pancreatitis and may influence adherence to drug therapy. The purpose of this study was to more thoroughly describe lipodystrophy and bone min
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7339)
Engelson ES, Agin D, Kenya S, He Q, Luty B, Werber-Zion G, Wang J, Heymsfield SB, Albu JB, Kotler DP;;; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center/Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Obesity, with and without fat redistribution and metabolic changes, is increasingly common in HIV-infected individuals in the US, especially since the availability of effective antiviral medications. In uninfected individuals, obesity and similar body composition and metabolic states are associated with inc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7340)
Orlando G, Guaraldi G, Murri R, Wu A, Nardini G, Beghetto B, Sterrantino GK, Sbaragli S, Borderi M, Talo S, Grosso C, Erba C, Cattelan AM, Antinori A, Esposito R;;; Universita di Modena, Modena, Italy
BACKGROUND: Increases in life expectancy of people with HIV makes it important to consider quality of life (QOL) as an outcome of HAART. Lipodystrophy (LD) has the potential to affect patients QOL, but little is known about this impact. We examined the QOL of HIV+ patients with and without lipodystrophy. METHODS: In a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7341)
Testa MA, Thompson M, Turner RR, Muurahainen N, Gertner JM;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-associated Adipose Redistribution Syndrome (HARS) may substantially affect self-concept, body image, perceived functional capacity, and psychological well-being. In turn, this may serve as a disincentive to patient adherence and willingness to begin antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: During a multicenter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7342)
Peabody D, Remple V, Green T, Kalmar A, Frohelich J, DeWet J, Burdge D;;; Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Background; The objectives of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial were to identify the effect of omega-3 fatty acid (n3) supplementation and diet counseling on sero-lipids (SL), including triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (chol), HDL, and LDL, in HIV-infected adults on HAART. METHODS: At recr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7343)
Cotter BR, Kwan OL, Currier JS, DeMaria AN, Torriani FJ;;; University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitor (PI) use may predispose HIV patients (HIV) to accelerated atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) may be an early event in atherogenesis and is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) in HIV on PI-containing, b
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7344)
Buhk T, Degen O, van Lunzen J, Stellbrink HJ, Beisiegel U;;; University, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy has been described since 1996 in HIV-infected patients treated with HAART and is frequently associated with progressive peripheral and facial subcutaneous fat wasting, increases in truncal grith and lipid metabolism abnormalities. The cause of this disorder is unknown. In this subanalysis we f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7345)
pez Zaragoza JL LZ, Salgado-Enriquez BL SE, Tovar-Hirashima J TH, Milke-Garcia MP MG, Soto-Ramirez LE SR, Calva-Mercado J CM, Ponce de Leon-Rosales S PR, Sierra-Madero J SM;;; Internal Medicine Department, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
BACKGROUND: Changes in body composition (BC), resting energy expenditure (REE) and caloric intake (CI) that occur with HAART in AIDS patients with wasting are not well characterized OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of HAART on these variables Patients Fifteen adults with AIDS-related wasting, protease inhibitor (PI) n
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7346)
Domingo P, Martinez E, Cuevas JB, Arroyo JA, Milinkovic A, Conget I, Sambeat MA, Borrell M, Fontcuberta J, Gatell JM;;; Hospital St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), t-PA-PAI-1 complexes, factor VII, and thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen levels are known to be associated with cardiovascular risk. Aim of the study: to investigate the effects of metformin and gemfib
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7347)
Torralba M, Azriel SA, Rubio RR, Pulido F, Jodar E, Hawkins F, Costa JR, Palacio A;;; Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND. Several studies have reported osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV infected patients. Our goal was to describe BMD and BSA in HIV patients who had been treated with the same antiretroviral drugs since they started therapy and analyse possible relationship between osteopenia and BSA. METHODS. Observational coh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7348)
Marques R, Rodrigues C, Gomes MH, Baldaia V, Ribeiro N, Neves I, Miranda AM;;; Infectious Diseases Service/Hospital S. Joao, Porto, Portugal
BACKGROUND: HAART has been found to be associated with metabolic complications, namely the occurrence of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in HIV-infected patients (pts) on HAART. Patients and methods: a retrospective case file study was performed of the labora
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7349)
Bocassi A, de Larranaga G, Puga L, Alonso B, Benetucci J;;; Hospital of Infectious Diseases F. J. Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR+) has been described both in HIV patients with antiretroviral treatment (lipodystrophy) and without (naive). In the last years some secretory products of the adipose tissue have been identified, such as leptin, TNF, molecules of the renin-angiotensin system and plasminogen activator i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7350)
de Larranaga G, Bocassi A, Puga L, Gomez N, Morua S, Alonso B, Benetucci J;;; Hospital of Infectious Diseases F. J. Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: HAART allows a reduction in the viral load and immune reconstruction but at the same time some patients could develop lipodystrophy (insulin resistance, body changes, dyslipidemia). These adverse effects per se are risk factors for vascular complication. OBJECTIVE: to measure the following thrombotic risk m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7351)
Beatty G, Chu JW, Abbasi F, Khalili M, Koch J, Rosen A, Schmidt J, Stansell J, Reaven GM;;; University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
OBJECTIVE: To compare a physiological measure of insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) with various indirect measures of insulin resistance in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: IMGU was measured in 51 HIV-positive subjects by quantifying the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration in response to a 3 hour con
BACKGROUND: Recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) has demonstrated efficacy in treating HAW. HAW has become less prominent since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Recent studies suggest that patients receiving HAART may still experience HAW. We investigated the efficacy of r-hGH in th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7353)
Bonnet F, Balestre E, Thiebaut R, Mercie P, Dupon M, Malvy D, Morlat P, Dabis F;;; CHU, Bordeaux, France
Backgrounds: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including protease inhibitors (PI) or non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) are associated with elevated triglyceridemia (TG) and total cholesterolemia (TC). Efficacy and tolerance of lipid lowering drugs (LLD, fibrates and statins) have not be
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7354)
Fisac C, Fumero E, Crespo M, Roson B, Burgos R, Ferrer E, Virgili N, Ribera E, Gatell JM, Podzamczer D;;; Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Due to several disadvantages, PI are now siwtched in many responding pts. METHODS: NEFA is an ongoing randomized open study comparing 3 different PI-sparing regimens (ABC, EFV, NVP) after switching from a PI-regimen. We evaluated the switching effect on metabolic and body composition parameters. Fasting pla
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7355)
Martinez E, Milinkovic A, Garcia M, Perez-Cuevas JB, Blanco JL, Murillas J, Lonca M, Mallolas J, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
METHODS: Prospective cohort study including consecutive antiretroviral naive HIV-1-infected patients that were prescribed antiretroviral therapy including 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) plus either a non-NRTI ( nevirapine , NVP;
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7356)
Albu JB, Engelson ES, Kenya S, Kovera A, Littschwager M, Wainright M, Kotler DP;;; St.Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV+ people are experiencing decreased insulin sensitivity (SI) and increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT). How SI compares to similar HIV- populations and whether the changes reverse with weight loss is not known. METHODS: We measured fasting insulin (FI) and SI by IVGTT (minimal model) in 13 HIV+ and 20
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7357)
Johnson J, Albu JB, Engelson ES, Ionescu G, Sheikhan J, Kotler DP;;; St.Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Caenter, Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The etiology of HIV-associated lipodystrophy is multifactorial. In addition to highly active antiretroviral therapy, immune dysregulation has been proposed as an etiologic factor. We tested the hypothesis that lipoatrophy is associated with metabolic alterations in SAT. METHODS: Aspirations of subcutaneous
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7358)
He Q, Wang J, Engelson ES, Kotler DP;;; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
Introduction: Upper body obesity is common in HIV-related lipodystrophy and is associated with adverse health outcomes. There are several methods available to estimate regional adipose tissue ranging from sophisticated imaging techniques to anthrompometry. We examined the relationship between truncal adipose tissue (AT
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7360)
Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Bernadotte F, Nillroth U;;; Goteborg University/Dpt. of Infectious Diseases, Goteborg, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) effectively decreases HIV-RNA in plasma in the majority of HIV-infected individuals. Unfortunately, the regimens sometimes fail and drug resistances emerge. One critical factor might be virus replication in tissue compartments difficult to reach by drugs. The ai
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7361)
Ristig MB, Clifford D, Seyfried W, Powderly WG, Storch GA;;; Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, St.Louis, Missouri, United States
BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Less is known about EBV-related CNS disease in HIV+ subjects without mass lesions. EBV-DNA is frequently detected by PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its significance is uncertain. The purpose of th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7362)
McNabb JJ, Swindells S, Cobos C, Lien E, Manouilov K, Gwilt P;;; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
BACKGROUND: Hydroxyurea (HU) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor that potentiates the activity of antiretroviral nucleosides. An affordable compound with minimal drug interactions, HU may have utility in resource-poor settings. HU is also a small molecule with potential to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7363)
Cysique LA, Brew BJ, Maruff P;;; University of New South Wales / St.Vincent's Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) significantly improves cognitive function in HIV-infection. However, the durability remains unknown. Also there is some concern that the pattern of cognitive deficit may be changing. METHODS: Fifty-two patients on HAART for
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7364)
Miro JM, Lejeune M, Claramonte X, Martinez E, Ribera E, Arrizabalaga J, Arribas JR, Domingo P, Ferrer E, Lazzari E, Plana M, Valls ME, Podzamczer D, Pumarola T, Jacquet A, Mallolas J, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic - Idibaps, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To assess whether the safety of withdrawing TE PP or SP after immunologic restoration with HAART can be supported by demonstrating in vitro specific T-cell responses against Tg. METHODS: Multicenter and cross-sectional study. Patients: 20 HIV-1-infected patients with acute TE (group A); 12 AIDS patients wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7365)
Liuzzi GM, Mastroianni CM, Triggiani M, Latronico T, Lichtner M, Vullo V, Riccio P;;; University of Bari, Bari, Italy
BACKGROUND: The introduction of potent antiretroviral treatment has induced a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of neurologic disorders in patients with HIV infection. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and in particular gelatinases, have been identified as mediators of brain injury in HIV-associated neurological dise
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7366)
Fiorelli V, Collacchi B, Tripiciano A, SantiniMuratori D, Ferraironi M, Giannetto C, Aiuti F, Ensoli F;;; Laboratory of Virology, ISS, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: HAART induces a persistent decline of viral load and an improvement of clinical and immunological parameters in HIV-1 infected patients, however, whether and how HAART might contribute in controlling CNS invasion of infected cells and local production of neurotoxic mediators responsible for CNS functional a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7367)
Almeida EA, Pedro RJ, Lages E, Aoki FH, Jodelis M, Lima JN;;; State University of Campinas, Campinas/SP, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted to man mainly by blood sucking insects and through blood transfusions. CD is distributed throughout the Americas from the southern United States to the southern of Argentina . Reactivation of the disease c
Introduction: HIV infection is associated with a decrease in cellular immunity leading to increased incidence of mycobacterial infections. It also causes alterations in humoral immunity with a higher incidence of invasive diseases with encapsulated micro-organisms, mainly S. pneumoniae. We assessed the frequency, clini
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7369)
Mengoni F, D'Agostino C, Sauzullo I, Scorzolini L, Santopadre P, Massetti AP, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V;;; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported that HIV protease inhibitors have several effects independent of the anti-HIV activity: reduction of apoptosis, antiproliferative effects, inhibition of proteolytic systems, as calpain and proteasome. In this study we evaluated the effect of indinavir on the release of proteolyt
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7370)
Ammassari A, Cinque P, Lorenzini P, Cingolani A, Giancola ML, Bossolasco S, Govoni A, Finazzi MG, Grosso BD, Bongiovanni M, Vigo B, Moretti F, Gentile M, Monno L, Dallenogare ER, Corsi P, Guaraldi G, Arcidiacono MI, Mastroianni A, Zannoni P, Antinori A;;; Clinic Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: HIV-related CNS diseases may be changed by HAART, though this needs to be studied more in detail. Objective of the study was to evaluate frequency, characteristics, and relationship with antiretrovirals of CNS diseases in the HAART era. METHODS: Prospective study conducted in 65 Italian HIV/AIDS centers fro
BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are common in patients infected with HIV. The incidence of most central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections however has declined in the developed world with the widespread use of the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). The objective of this study was to determine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7372)
Jeyasingh JV;;; Madras school of socialwork, Chennai, India
Evaluation of School talk AIDS programme in Tamilnadu, South India . Student community is a high risk group for HIV/AIDS due to various reasons. Madras school of socialwork implemented school talk AIDS programme in 200 schools in the state of Tamilnadu, with the prime objective to provide knowledge on STD/HIV/AIDS.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7373)
Aldamiz M, Portu J, Martin MJ, Minguela I, Aurrekoetxea B, Gimeno I, Ruiz de Gauna R, Chena A;;; Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria, Spain
BACKGROUND: HIV patients present multiple glomerular diseases, being the most frequent focal and segmentary glomerulosclerosis as well as the one caused by inmunocomplexes. We present here three cases of HIV nephropathy in caucasian patients. Patients: Case 1: 35 year-old male with no acceptance to HAART for the last y
BACKGROUND: Oral cavity is often both a common site of infection among immunodeficient persons and often a source of considerable discomfort. Oral infections tend to be recurrent, severe, sometimes resistant to treatment and may spread systemically from the mouth. Microbial flora is highly complex. METHODS: We examined
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7375)
Mittal CM, Wig N, Mishra S, Deepak KK;;; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a marker of cardiac autonomic tone. Depressed HRV has been reported in patients of Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). We conducted this study to find out if HRV is depressed in HIV positive individuals without AIDS. METHODS: We studied prospectively HRV by spectral a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7376)
Fishman JE, Hulen RB, Patino-Bajayo M;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested an increased risk of venous thromboembolic disease among HIV-infected patients. We assessed the incidence, presentation, clinical factors, and outcome of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in HIV patients. METHODS: Retrospective review of hospital discharge diagn
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7377)
Valenzuela GV, Guerra OE, Medina F, Samalvides F, Castillo R, Salazar R, Gotuzzo E;;; Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: The heart is the worst organ studied in people with AIDS, probably because its affectation had a long clinical course. Perhaps, some of their pathologies like Pericardial Effusions (PE) and Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) had been associated with a higher morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We carried out from A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7378)
Serra M;;; CTA-AIDS/CREMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Facial atrophy, an unaesthetic condition due to lipodistrophy, has been a challenge on HIV treatment, interfering on therapy adherence and patient self-esteem, thus compromising psychological status and quality of life, with some anecdotal suicidal reports. Temporary implant, like collagen and fat implants,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7379)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Ashkin D, Pitchenik A, Archer H, Rodriguez A, Burbano X, Shor-Posner G;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Although HAART has been decreased morbidity and mortality rates by up to 80% respiratory infections (RI) are still responsible for a large number of hospitalizations and deaths in HIV disease. The clinical relevance of tobacco use on RI in HIV/HAART is unknown. METHODS: Medical history and CD4 count were ob
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7380)
Berman SM, Justis JC, Ho MI;;; VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, United States
BACKGROUND: Both HIV infection and antiretroviral medications are associated with the development of painful peripheral neuropathy (PPN). Many agents have been used to treat PPN with partial success and frequent side effects. A nonsystemic topical treatment was evaluated for efficacy and potential side effects in treat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7381)
Grossman H, Leitz G, Bowers P;;; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Improving patient quality of life (QOL) is an essential component of the management of HIV+ patients. Anemic HIV+ patients present symptoms that diminish one s QOL. Correcting anemia may alleviate these symptoms and patients may have more energy to accomplish daily tasks. Also, previous studies indicate tha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7382)
Gebre W, Feleke G, Verley J;;; NUMC, East Meadow, United States
BACKGROUND: Mortality and incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients has decreased since the advent of HAART. We evaluated current mortality trends among nearly 700 HIV-infected patients enrolled in our program of which 63% are Black, 14% Hispanic, 33% White. METHODS: Retrospective chart review o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7383)
Brumme ZL, Dong W, Chan K, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Harrigan PR;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Co-infection with GBV-C appears to be associated with a favourable prognosis for HIV disease progression in untreated individuals. We wished to determine whether GBV-C co-infection was associated with differential response to HIV therapy in a large cohort of individuals first starting antiretroviral therapy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7384)
Sanywa SF, Julius KJ, Tendo Esther Banjagala TE, James MJ;;; Health Partners (U)ltd., Kampala, Uganda
ISSUES: Inadequate information and inaccessibility to ARVs,time keeping for medication, quality counselling, proper dosage and sticking to the medical advice in order to achieve best results. DESCRIPTION: This is the experience of two Ugandans, who had lost hope but now are looking after their families after starting A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7385)
Thistle P, Quinn S, Zvomuya A, Silverman M;;; Howard Hospital, Glendale, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: The WHO recommends that cotrimoxazole (CTM) prophylaxis become the standard of care for HIV positive patients in Africa. The feasibility and potential personal impact of such programs, as well as the characteristics of the patients who would be able to participate require further clarification. METHOD: Afte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7386)
Das S, Das S;;; Das Research Centre, Kolkata, India
BACKGROUND: Vultures are most important scavenging birds. Although it is well known that due to scavenging action vultures prevents spread of anthrax, but according to some; they may spread anthrax through their droppings. Thus this experiment was done to find out whether vulture and other birds droppings contain anthr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7387)
Oette M, Trommer I, Hoffmann R, Wettstein M, Schwalen A, Thoma R, ussinger D;;; University Clinic, Duesseldorf, Germany
BACKGROUND: Endoscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis of HIV-associated disorders. Clinical experience shows that a combined inspection of both the tracheobronchial tree and the esophagus is of use in the majority of the patients. The aim of the study is to characterize the value of this method. METHODS: A retros
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7388)
Viale P, Scudeller L, Cadeo B, Petrosillo N, Pagani L, Signorini L, Girardi E, Carosi G;;; Chair of Infectious Diseases - University of Udine-Italy, Udine, Italy
BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on definition and predictive value of clinical stability in HIV-pts with CAP. Our aims were to describe the time-to-stability in HIV-pts with CAP and assess its validity as outcome indicator. METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 437 consecutive patients with CAP other t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7389)
Alves MC, Alves RC, Alves ME;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
ISSUES: Broken appointment is a significant problem, especially coupled with the lack of access to dental care in the HIV population. This large group makes the clinic s ability to provide care more difficult once one in three patients does not come for scheduled visits. DESCRIPTION: The University of Illinois at Chica
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7390)
Litterio NT, Silva GS Jr., Marins JR;;; Programa Municipal DST/AIDS, SOROCABA, Brazil
BACKGROUND - paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemical disease in Latin America, caused by the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, transmitted through inhalation and inoculation of the spores. Its clinical behavior in AIDS is little described, but since its ethiopathogenisis is also caused by immunodeficiency of the cell, an a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7391)
Alves ME, Alves MC, Alves RC;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
ISSUES: With the introduction of protease inhibitors and HAART therapies the oral health of HIV patients gained another dimension. It became an important factor to maintain good health through good nutrition. Their quality of life improved dramatically: they are living better and longer. The quality and/or quantity of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7392)
Whetham J, Smith AM, Williiams IG;;; Mortimer Market Centre, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been reported in HIV positive patients treated with antiretroviral therapy. Hypertension (HT), hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with treatment with protease inhibitors (PI). There is concern that these metabolic complications may increase the future
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7393)
Carosi G, Castelli F, Tomasoni L, Patroni A, Tinelli C, Cadeo GP, Bertelli D, Orani AM;;; Institute of Infectious and tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
BACKGROUND: Poor tolerability is the most frequent treatment-limiting reason in the clinical setting. Controlled clinical trials may misestimate the incidence of laboratory or clinical toxicities (AEs) of ART in the HIV population due to pts selection criteria and fixed drug combination used. OBJECTIVE: To assess the i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7394)
Le HD, Cao TT, Trinh TT, Luu CM, West GR, Kamb ML;;; National Institute for Clinical Research in Tropical Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
BACKGROUND: Since November 2000, northern Vietnam has been conducting surveillance of clinical manifestations of HIV/AIDS disease among HIV-infected in- and outpatients at a large infectious disease referral center and the district hospital in Hanoi, and in persons living with HIV/AIDS in the community, identified by t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7395)
Sarcletti M, Quirchmair G, Fuchs D, Weiss G, Zangerle R;;; University, Innsbruck, Austria
BACKGROUND: The usage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a reversal of HIV-associated haematosuppression, resulting in a rise in haemoglobin (hb) levels. No association was observed between changes in viral load and changes in hb levels during ART. No data exist whether the reversal of haematosuppression correl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7396)
Hellinger J, Glesby M, Stein A, Talal A, Tuscher SA, Greenough T, Becker M, Chu A, Morris AB, Cohen CJ;;; CRI of New England, Boston, MA, United States
OBJECTIVES: To study the use of Ultrase MT-20 (U) and PK of nelfinavir (NFV) in subjects with NFV-associated diarrhea. METHODS: Open label 12 week study evaluating HIV+ subjects on stable NFV bid therapy who began U 1-2 tablets with each meal (4 - 8 /day). Continued use of antidiarrheal medications permitted.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7397)
Abrescia N, Martinelli P, Sansone M, Busto A, Nicuolo GD, Viglietti R, Figoni M, D'Abbraccio M, Marco MD, Butrico E, Maddaloni A, Piccirillo M;;; D. Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy
BACKGROUND. It s unclear if female genital tract is an HIV-1 compartment. The aim of study is to investigate the effects of HAART on HIV-1 RNA levels both in plasma and in cervico-vaginal secretions (CVS). METHODS. We enrolled in a perspective study 24 HIV women who had a detectable plasma viral load because of their n
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7398)
Anastos K, Barron Y, Young M, Minkoff H, Cohen M, Greenblatt R, Levine A, Gange SJ;;; Montefiore and Lincoln Medical centers, Bronx, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of CD4 and VL in individuals after HAART initiation has not been well defined, and can be confounded by the pre-HAART clinical status, CD4 cell count and viral load. METHODS: In 1107 HIV-infected participants in the Women s Interagency HIV Study with a known date of initiating HAART (+/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7399)
Anderson J, Paramsothy P, Heilig C, Jamieson D, Shah K, Duerr A;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected (HIV+) women show increased rates of HPV-associated cervical dysplasia; early studies suggested that pap smear screening may not detect all cervical dysplasia in HIV+ women. We examined the predictive value of pap smear screening among HIV+ and high risk HIV- U.S. women in the HER Study and the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeB7400)
Bonnet F, Pineau JJ, Feyler A, Taupin JL, Bonarek M, de Witte S, Bernard N, Lacoste D, Beylot J, Morlat P;;; Hospital Saint-Andre, Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: Auto-immune diseases could constitute one emerging cause of morbidity in HIV-infected patients due to the chronicity of the infection and to the high level of B cell stimulation induced by HIV. METHODS: We conducted a transversal study investigating the clinical and biological signs of dysimmunity in HIV-in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7401)
Penaranda M, Salas A, Sala E, Riera M, Delibes C, Villalonga M, Sanz M, Villalonga C;;; Son Dureta Hospital, Palma Mallorca, Spain
OBJECTIVE: Report of HIV infected patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) diagnosed in the last ten years in a tertiary care Hospital. METHODS: Retrospective study (1991-2001). Patients were diagnosed of PPH by means of echocardiogram or cardiac catheterization after excluding secondary causes. RESULTS: From
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeB7402)
Donadi EA, Figueiredo JF, Romao E, Souza NV, Deghaide NH, Rodrigues ML;;; Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto - USP, Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Studies carried out in United States and Australia showed that there is association between HLA haplotypes (HLA2B44, B51 or DR7 and HLA2, B44 and DR4), or one or more of these subtypes, with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV-R) and/or manifestations of other opportunistic infections in patients wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7403)
Bruneau J, Brogly S, Lamothe F, Vincelette J;;; Centre de Recherche du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HCV is highly transmissible among IDUs. Overtime, the vast majority of IDUs will become infected. The objective of this study was to examine drug use patterns, sociodemographic profiles and other characteristics of active, established IDUs who remained HCV and HIV seronegative. METHOD: A cross-sectional sam
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7404)
Galai N, Safaeian M, Celentano DD, Vlahov D, Strathdee SA;;; Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
BACKGROUND: While the focus of past research has been on the assessment of risk factors associated with HIV seroconversion, there has been little longitudinal evaluation of the risk presented by injection drug users (IDUs) following seroconversion. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal patterns
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7405)
Romero JD, Marincovich B, Castilla J, Garcia S, Campo J, Hernando V, Rojas D, Rodriguez C;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Servicio Regional de Salud, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: There is evidence showing that HIV transmission risk through orogenital intercourse is low, although well controlled studies designed to estimate such risk are scarce. We intend to estimate HIV transmission risk associated with unprotected orogenital sex in serodiscordant heterosexual couples. METHODS: We a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7406)
Marincovich B, Castilla J, del Romero J, Garcia S, Rodriguez C, Barrasa A, Olmos L;;; Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To describe socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics as well as HIV sexual risk behaviour in a group of women whose stable partner is an HIV-infected man. To quantify HIV prevalence and to identify factors associated among these women. METHODS: In a HIV testing clinic of Madrid, between 1987 and 2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7407)
Bailey RC, Okamo PL, Oroko EM, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S;;; University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of male circumcision (MC) will require approximately 2800 men to be followed for 2 years to detect a 50% reduction in HIV incidence. This study assessed the feasibility of conducting such a RCT in 18-24 year-olds in Kisumu, Kenya . METHODS: Five focus group discussions (F
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7408)
Myer L, Kuhn L, Denny L, de Sousa M, Meulenberg I, Wright TC;;; Fogarty-AITRP, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
Introduction: Use of intravaginal products, particularly before sex, is thought to increase women s risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However data on the frequency of different practices and associations with risk of sexually transmitted infections are limited. METHODS: 885 women aged 35-65 years
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7409)
Castilla J, Marincovich B, del Romero J, Garcia S, Belza MJ, Rodriguez C, Olmos L;;; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia (ISCIII) y Secretaria del Plan Nacional sobre Sida, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To estimate risk of HIV transmission in a cohort of serodiscordant heterosexual couples, and to identify variables associated with higher risk. METHODS: We studied steady heterosexual couples in which one of the members was HIV infected (index case, IC) while the other was not, after excluding other risk ex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7411)
Richters J, Ellard J, Hendry O, Kippax S;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: US researchers reported in 2000 that 8/122 men recently diagnosed with HIV had probably acquired it through oral sex. This prompted concern in Australia about whether the advice that oral sex was low risk should be reviewed. METHODS: We examined interview data from a study of Sydney men who had recently acq
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7412)
Calzavara L, Burchell A, Remis RS, Major C, Corey P, Myers T, Millson P, Wallace E; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To identify predictors of recent HIV infection among MSM. METHODS: Participants were recruited through Ontario s HIV diagnostic laboratory, physicians and community organizations. Recent seroconverters (cases) were determined using HIV test results. Cases were gender-, risk-, and region-matched to HIV-negat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7413)
Salata R, Cornelisse P, Chipato T, Mmiro F, Morrison C, Padian N, Rugpao S, Celentano D;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: The burden of STI among young women in societies with mature HIV epidemics in international settings requires more effective preventive interventions. METHODS: Since Nov 1999, we enrolled women 18-35 years from Family Planning and STD clinics and community settings in Thailand (TH),
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7414)
Bailey RC, Patterson B, Siegel J, Landay A;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Over 35 epidemiological studies have found a significant protective effect of male circumcision (MC) against HIV acquisition. We studied mechanisms of HIV infection in foreskin tissue compared to cervical tissue by quantifying HIV target cells, chemokine receptor expression, and target cell infectivity with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7415)
Zablotska IB, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Serwadda D, Sewankambo NK, Lutalo T;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption reduces social and sexual inhibitions and concerns about HIV/STI prevention and safe sexual behavior. It facilitates casual sex and increased number of sexual partners. We explored the association between alcohol consumption in conjunction with sex and the risk of HIV-1 acquisition, in t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7416)
van de Wijgert JH, Cornelisse PG, Morrison C, Chitsungo S, Munjoma M, Rugpao S, Byamugisha J, Muchini A, Sriplienchan S, Padian NS;;; Population Council, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence that vaginal practices (i.e. cleansing and drying/tightening) may be associated with vaginal infections, which in turn may be associated with HIV acquisition. METHODS: As part of a prospective cohort study on hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition in Zimbabwe ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7417)
Lindan CP, Jerajani HR, Mathur MS, Gogate A, D'Souza B, Ekstrand ML, Kumta S, Setia M;;; University of California, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Rates of HIV among commercial sex workers (CSW) in India are high, but few interventions target their male clients. STD clinics provide access to these high-risk men. We evaluated male STD patients as part of a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to reduce HIV and STD incidence.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7418)
Mercer CH, Johnson AM, Fenton KA, Wellings K, Erens B;;; Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Models of HIV/STI transmission dynamics indicate that concurrent partnerships as well as partner change rates influence incident infections. This hypothesis is examined using empirical data from the British Natsal 2000 survey. METHODS: Probability sample survey of 11,161 respondents aged 16-44 resident in B
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7419)
Harwell JI, Caliendo A, Kurpewski J, Donahue S, Ingersoll J, Mayer KH;;; The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
BACKGROUND: Cervicitis is associated with genital tract shedding of HIV-1, but there are no studies relating genital tract HIV-1 shedding to the number of white blood cells (WBC), in the absence of other genital infections. METHODS: Using hemocytometry, we assessed cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) WBC count from HIV-infecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7420)
Changedia SM, Gilada IS;;; Unison Medicare &Research Centre, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Some anthropological studies and review of dozens of epidemiologic studies suggests that the relative risk of heterosexual HIV infection, the predominant route HIV is spread throughout Africa and Asia, is two to eight times higher for uncircumcised men. While this may be true for efficiency of HIV transmiss
BACKGROUND: In Catalonia ( Spain ) from the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, IDUs has been the driving force. Nevertheless, during the last 5 years heterosexual(HTS) transmission, as well as cases without a known route of transmission has been increasing. In European AIDS registries, criteria for HTS acquisition have be
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7422)
Carneiro M, Cardoso FA, Greco M, Oliveira EI, Greco DB, Antunes CM;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Project Horizonte an open cohort of homosexual and bisexual HIV-1 negative men, is a component of the Minas Gerais AIDS Vaccine Program. Its objectives included the evaluation of seroincidence of HIV, to ascertain the role of counseling on behavior modification and to assess their willingness to participate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7423)
Vanzulli C, Coratella G, Trinidad P, Bottaro E, Bologna R, Cassetti I;;; Helios Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Introduction: Several factors implied in HIV transmission such as genetic variants and specific risk behaviours may have singular characteristics in serodiscordant couples. OBJECTIVE: To assess demographic variables and sexual behaviors in serodiscordant couples (DC) METHODS: DC with >1year of partnership were selected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7424)
Nizova N, Posokhova S, Boichenko I, Rachok T, Shevchenko S;;; Odessa State Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
BACKGROUND: To define the risk factors for septic complication development of HIV infected pregnant women and the level of the related complications after delivery. METHODS: The group of 156 HIV positive pregnant women at Odessa Oblast Maternity House was chosen for the research. The data was compared with the compatab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7425)
Padua E, Martins HC, Miguel R, Almeida C, Sobral R, Paixao MT;;; NIH - AIDS Reference Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: The importance of HIV infection diagnosis in children born to HIV positive mothers is increased by the fact that neonates with HIV often develop symptomatic immunodeficiency early in life. According to international guidelines, all at-risk children should receive 6 weeks of therapy for prevention of late tr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7426)
Montano MA, Russell MS, Thior I, Lockman S, Shapiro R, Chang SY, Lee TH, Essex M;;; Boston University School of Medicine, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND. While maternal viral load is a strong predictor of perinatal transmission, there is substantial overlap in viral load between those who transmit virus and those who do not. We sought to identify additional virologic markers relevant to perinatal transmission in Botswana . METHODS. An IRB approved study was
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7427)
Dedicoat M, Page T, Mbatha D, Bishop K, Cassol S, Gilks C;;; Liverpool University, Hlabisa, South Africa
BACKGROUND: South Africa has one of the highest infection rates with HIV in the world. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of HIV infection and examine risk factors for infection in a mother child cohort immediately prior to the introduction of a transmission prevention programme. METHODS: Mothers and their children w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7428)
Brahmbhatt HP, Kigozi GK, Wabwire-Mangen FW, Wawer MW, Gray RH;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: objective was to examine intrauterine/intrapartum and lactational predictors of mother to child transmission of HIV METHODS: Data are from a prospective community-randomized trial in Rakai District, Uganda . Sociodemographic characteristics, and maternal HIV serostatus were assessed at 10-month intervals an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7429)
Tharao E, Massaquoi N, Brown M;;; Women's Health in Women's Hands/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: In developed countries where services and therapies to reduce maternal HIV transmission are available, black women continue to bear HIV infected children and have the highest rates of maternal HIV transmission in the general population. In Ontario all pregnant women are to be provided with HIV information,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7430)
Gondi P, Raghavan S, Balamba P, Yelamanchali H, Addala A, Delima M, Perumalla S, Fullilove B;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: India is experiencing a rapidly increasing HIV epidemic. Vertical transmission is a leading contributor, accounting for 2.13% of total HIV transmission rates. Yet few studies have attempted to understand the barriers to PMTCT in India. METHODS: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7431)
Gondi P, Fullilove B, Balamba P, Vegunta M, Yelamanchali H, Raghavan S;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: India with 3.86 million ranks second in the world to South Africa in number of HIV cases. Of these cases, 2.13% are attributed to vertical transmission. Few studies have attempted to explore the clinician perspective to vertical transmission, a vital component to the prevention of MTCT.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7432)
Bruckova M, Vandasova J, Maly M, Stankova M, Rozsypal H;;; National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
BACKGROUND: To establish: a) spread of HIV infection in pregnant women b) rate of mother to child HIV transmission in the Czech Republic (CR) in 1990-2001. It is estimated that more than 95% of pregnant women are undergoing HIV tests in CR, a Central European country with low level of HIV epidemic. METHODS: HIV 1/2 ant
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7433)
Renjifo B, Koulinska IN, Msamanga G, Mwakagile D, Fawzi W, Essex M;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, United States Territory
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes A, C and D are co-circulating in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania , and large numbers of recombinant genomes have been generated and transmitted perinatally. Partial env and gag gene sequences showed that the V3 region of subtype A was always selected in A-D recom
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7434)
Bakulina TV;;; Regional Charity Organisatin NAMES+, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
ISSUES: Inspectors of the Council of Europe consider prisons in Russia as a place which is a constant torture. The situations get worse due to the large number of HIV positive inmates. In the correctional facilities of St Petersburg and region there are 800 TB infected prisoners, 2500 HIV positive and 4000 drug users.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7435)
Richardson BA, Morrison CS, Celentano DD, Chipato T, Mmiro F, Padian NS, Rugpao S, Salata RA;;; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
BACKGROUND: Several previous studies have suggested an increased risk for HIV-1 infection among women using hormonal contraception (HC). METHODS: We designed a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-negative women in Thailand , Uganda , and Zimbabwe to compare HIV-1 incidence rates among women usi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7436)
Wang CC, McClelland RS, Overbaugh J, Reilly M, Panteleeff DD, Mandaliya K, Chohan B, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo J, Kreiss JK;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND. Previous studies have reported that use of hormonal contraception (HC) by women may be associated with increased infectivity to uninfected partners by HIV-1 + women. In developing parts of the world, ~25% of women using family planning choose oral contraceptives (OCs) and ~30% use depot medroxyprogesterone
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7437)
Liu C, Carrington M, Kaslow R, Gao X, Rinaldo C, Jacobson L, Margolick J, Phair J, O'Brien S, Detels R;;; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted immune responses are reportedly involved in resistance to HIV infection. This study examined relationships of HLA class I and the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes with resistance to HIV-1 infection. METHODS: 100 persistently seronegative men
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7438)
Halperin DT, Shiboski SC, Palefsky JM, Padian NS;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Most AIDS prevention programs targeted at the general population continue to emphasize the risks of vaginal and, increasingly, oral sex. Clinical studies and population-based surveys in countries such as Brazil have found up to 60% of adults report practicing anal sex. In absolute numbers, it is estimated t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7439)
Yu XF, Liu W, Chen J, Laeyendecker O, Quinn T, Lai SH;;; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: CRF-BC recombinant HIV-1 are rapidly spreading in China , while other HIV subtypes have been restricted in their original areas. Whether CRF-BC HIV-1 strains have been adapted to a new environment and became relatively more infectious than other subtypes is an open question. METHODS: Seroincident cohorts wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7440)
Van de Wiel MA, Sighem AI, Ghani AC, Wolf FD;;; Dept. of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: To compare long-term effectiveness of several first-line highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART) for 1289 therapy naive patients and 268 patients pre-treated with zidovudine + lamivudine in an observational cohort.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7441)
Stanecki KA;;; US Census Bureau, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: In countries with high levels of HIV prevalence, AIDS mortality will have major demographic impacts on populations. By the year 2010, crude death rates will increase significantly in those countries. One-third of all children born to HIV infected mothers will themselves become HIV positive resulting in incr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7442)
Srinivasan S;;; Mumbai District AIDS Control Society Internationational Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Since epidemic started in India so far 31000 AIDS cases (NACO, 2001) reported among 1440 AIDS cases reported from Mumbai in 2001. HIV prevalence in India is 0.59 percent, in Mumbai having high prevalence (.57 percent). Despite some available reported data, it doesn t show the country s actual epidemic level
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7443)
Kolesov VM;;; Medical Analytical Center, Vologda, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: According official data 35 % of new HIV-infections in 2000 in Russia have no clearly defined way transmission of HIV and about 60% of new HIV-infections are revealed in the midst of IDU. Therefore, there is the need to analyze the mutual dynamics of spread of HIV-epidemic and drug addiction. METHODS: The ti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7445)
Gomez E, Feliz J, Ramirez A;;; Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo, Escuela de Salud Publica, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
BACKGROUND: Sentinel surveillance of HIV-1 in pregnant women has been used to estimate the size of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Dominican Republic (DR) at the national level. Official projections have been published in 1996 and 1999. Overall HIV prevalence in adult population was 2.34% by 2000, and will reach 2.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7446)
Xiridou M, Kretzschmar M, Geskus R, de Wit J, Coutinho R;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Growing concerns exist that the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) will increase risk behaviour and thus HIV incidence. However, this effect may be counterbalanced by reductions in infectiousness. Recent data have shown that risk taking is more prevalent among steady partners. Th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7447)
Valdespino JL, Garcia ML, Conde C, Olaiz G, Velazquez O, Tapia R, Sepulveda J;;; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
BACKGROUND. To analyze trends in HIV infection among general population during the last 14 years in Mexico . METHODS. Results of the National Health Survey, 2001 were compared with the Seroepidemiological National Health Survey, 1987. Both surveys were probabilistic, polystage, stratified, cluster household surveys of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7448)
Peerapatanapokin W, Brown T, Limpakarnjanarat K, Kunanusont C, Chitavarakorn A, Yothaprasert K, Phawanaporn V, Phoolcharoen W, Thanprasertsuk S, Sawanpanyalert P, Kalaprawit J, Hanshaoworakul W, Tantinimitkul C;;; East-West Center, Hawaii, United States
BACKGROUND: Realistic assessments of the HIV/AIDS situation in Thailand and the effects of response alternatives were required for planning the Ninth Economic and Social Development Plan in Thailand. These assessments allow adequate resources to be mobilized for prevention efforts and help to ensure appropriate levels
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7449)
Leng HB, Preerapatanapokin W, Brown T, Sun LP, Saidel T, Vun MC;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
BACKGROUND: Although the HIV surveillance system indicates a slowing epidemic, it is critical to analyze current dynamics to understand the likely course of the epidemic and allow the country to plan appropriately for future burden. The Asian Epidemic Model (AEM) is a powerful tool for analyzing data to describe the cu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7450)
Lewis JJ, Chandiwana S, Nyamukapa C, Garnett GP, Donnelly CA, Gregson S;;; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 has spread widely throughout rural Zimbabwe reaching unprecedented prevalences. A wide range of social, economic, demographic and behavioural variables contribute to the spread of HIV within populations. Detailed quantitative data on patterns of risk are necessary to understand the course of this rura
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7451)
Lurie MN, Williams BG, Garnett GP, Mkaya DM, Sweat MD, Dladla N, Gittelsohn J, Karim SS;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Migration has played an important role in the spread of HIV in South Africa . It has long been assumed that the direction of spread is largely from returning male migrants to their rural partners, but few studies have collected data that allows for an analysis of the directionality of spread in the context
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7452)
Shepherd ME, Sherman SG, Valente TW, Brookmeyer RS, Vlahov D, Bareta JC, Huettner S, Strathdee SA;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Minimizing the circulation time of used syringes amplifies the preventive benefits of syringe exchange programs [SEPs] at the population level. We identified individual and network factors associated with return of used syringes to offer insight into optimizing the impact of SEP in Baltimore, USA. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7453)
Goodreau SM;;; University of Washington Center for AIDS and STD, Seattle, United States
Social network analysis has proven successful in uncovering previously overlooked patterns of sexual behavior that have major effects on the trajectory of an HIV or STD epidemic. I extend this line of work into the question of HIV microevolution, the pattern of neutral genetic diversity that arises among seropositive i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7454)
Voeten HA, Mlilo M, Zaba BW, Knoops EJ, Habbema JD, Gregson S;;; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: The rapid rise in HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe may be linked to high mobility. Cross sectional data from the baseline survey of a population-based cohort study in rural Manicaland are used to analyse the associations of in-migration and travel with HIV-spread. METHODS: Between 1998-2000 dried blood spots were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7455)
Weir SS, Coetzee N, Mahlalela X, Nagot N, Sssengooba F, Nnko S, Boerma JT;;; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: The rate of new sexual partner acquisition in a population drives HIV incidence. Little is known about the rate and context of new sexual partner formation in urban Africa, the extent of concurrency in relationships, and whether sites where partnerships are formed are appropriate targets for AIDS prevention
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7456)
Ndene SD, Ba SB, Faye AF, Gassama KG, Mane BM, Sow IS, Bokhoyo LB, Ndeye Fatou Ngom Gueye NF;;; Ambulatory Treatment Center, Dakar, Senegal
BACKGROUND: Bok Jef was created by PLWH who met during the focus group organised at The CTA (Ambulatory Treatment Center) at Fann Hospital. Its consisted to experiences sharing concerning the social daily life of the different members of this association. The main objective was to give psychological and medical support
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7457)
Charlebois ED, Perry S, Bangsberg DR, Clark R, Moss AR;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Opportunistic Infection (OI) prophylaxis is not universal among the HIV(+) urban poor and deaths from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) still occur. We examined failure to receive and adherence to recommended OI prophylaxis and incidence of OI s among a representative sample of HIV(+) homeless and marg
BACKGROUND: The incidence of AIDS-defining diseases has dramatically dropped in the last few years in developed countries. HIV infection in Spain shows the highest rate of incidence among all European countries and has specific epidemiologic characteristics. Our study pretended to establish the incidence of HIV-related
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7459)
Garcia de Olalla P, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Cayla JA, Jansa JM, Guerrero R, Gatell JM, Ocana I;;; Servei d'epidemiologia, Institut Municipal de Salut Publica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To determine factors related to survival in AIDS patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (ETB), when this condition was the first AIDS-defining disease. Design: Retrospective cohort-study of 549 AIDS patients with ETB as the first AIDS-defining disease. Potential candidates to predict survival were gender,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7460)
Smith AJ, Williamson J, Wolfe MI, Swerdlow DL, Dworkin M;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: TMP-SMZ is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used for PCP prophylaxis and other opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV-infected individuals with CD4+
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7461)
Bottaro E, Urquiza A, Caiafa D, Trinidad P, Lopardo G, Cassetti I;;; Helios Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of HAART, a decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OI) was noted. This situation prompted the evaluation of stopping suppressive therapy (SST) for OI in patients (pts) with increase of CD4 lymphocyte count (CD4C). METHODS: Review of medical records of HIV infected pts
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7462)
Rodrigues ML, Figueiredo JF, Demarco AL, Demarco LA, Deghaide NH, Thomazini LC, Donadi EA;;; Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto - SP, Brazil
BACKGROUND: It was reported that certain HLA genes might influence susceptibility or resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection. The objective of this study was to verify HLA class II alleles frequencies in Brazilian patients with AIDS and previous evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection, presenting or not chorioretinit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7463)
Werneck-Silva AL, Leite RM;;; Casa da AIDS, Infectious Diseases Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting often occur in HIV+ patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although the risk of opportunistic infections among these patients has declined, the gastrointestinal tract still remains a common site of infection. We hav
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7464)
Deshmukh SD, Gogate BP, Rane SR, Bulakh PM, Labshetwar AS, Phadke MA, Bollinger R;;; B.J.Medical College, Pune, India
Background - Autopsy studies of AIDS form important data base for Evaluation of patterns of lesions of the opportunistic infection and its association with other opportunistic infections .There is paucity of such autopsy studies in Indian literature. This study was undertaken to get insight into variations in histomorp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7465)
Giordano TP, Greenberg L, Adu-Oppong A, WhiteJr. AC, Visnegarwala F;;; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the use of HAART would decrease hospitalizations due to opportunistic infections (OI) while increasing those due to other causes as a result of complications. METHODS: Patients (pts) new to the Thomas Street Clinic from 4/98 to 12/98 were entered into a database. Hospital records from 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7466)
Omo-Igbinomwanhia N;;; cyril ross nursery, tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago
Opportunistic Infections and HIV BACKGROUND: The prevalence of AIDS-defining and non-AIDS defining infections is reduced to negligible proportions in those HIV-infected children who receive regular clinical care irrespective of treatment with ARV therapy. We have observed a drop in viral load and a rise in CD4 counts a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7467)
Petrosillo N, Martini L, Raffaele B, Nicastri E, Bordi E, Alba L, Bove G, Conte A, Giannuzzi R, Macri G, Traversa MT, Ippolito G;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases,"Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections are common among HIV-infected patients. Nevertheless, data on the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in HIV-infected patients are limited, even though some studies showed that community acquired UTIs are more common among them as compared to control groups, and that the incide
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is common among persons with HIV infection. Limited data are available on pathogens causing diarrhea among persons with HIV in Africa. We compared the frequency of isolated stool pathogens among persons with and without HIV in rural Uganda . METHODS: Persons with HIV and their household members wer
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7469)
Goebels K, Hemker J, Oette M, Kroidl A, Heintges T, Wettstein M, Haeussinger D;;; University of Dusseldorf Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Dusseldorf, Germany
ISSUES: Atypical mycobacterial infection is a common clinical problem in severely immunocompromised HIV patients. It is known that 96% of atypical mycobacterial diseases are due to Mycobacterium avium complex. However, disseminated diseases caused by other atypical mycobacteria, like Mycobacterium genavense, Mycobacter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7470)
Calcaterra S, Zaniratti S, Serraino D, Peroni M, Piselli P, Pavia C, Ippolito G, Capobianchi MR;;; National Institute for Infectious Disease L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Reactivation of persistent viral infections in immunosuppressed patients is common, and shedding of viruses through the genital secretions can represent an important source of infection for other individuals. In this study, the presence of viruses associated with persistent infections has been investigated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7471)
Sales TM, Bianco RD, Araujo A, Vasconcelos GM;;; CRTAIDS-Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
OBJECTIVES: High index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . We designed an analysis to examine patterns and reasons for hospital admissions over time and to identify clinical features and laboratory in disseminated histoplasmo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7472)
Esquivel-Pedraza L, Fernandez-Cuevas L, Ramirez-Amador V;;; instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
BACKGROUND: The risk for development of oral lesions (OL) through the presence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is scarcely known. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of HIV infection and other STD in the development of oral mucosal lesions, as well as the influence of sexual practices. METHODS: C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7473)
Rodriguez B, Valdez H, Gripshover BM, McComsey G, Salata RA, Fulton S, Lisgaris MV, Cline J, Lederman MM;;; Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: While highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of HIV-related opportunistic infections the relationship between immune restoration, HIV replication and the occurrence of OI in the HAART era is incompletely defined. METHODS: We identified all AIDS Defining Illnesses (ADIs) occur
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7474)
Braz S, Rico MT, Rodrigues P, Machado J, Maltez F, Morgado A, Proenca R;;; Hospital de Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: AIDS is the major predisposing factor in cryptococcal infections (CI) and meningitis is their leading fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Clear-cut meningitis symptoms are not frequent and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may show little abnormalities. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7475)
Perez H, Ochoa C, Puch SS, Zala C, Vilela C, Carbajal G, Puente S, Cahn P;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: In AIDS patients whith succesfull HIV suppression and increase in CD4 cells count, immune reconstitution has been associated with a reduction of CMV replication and clearance of CMV viremia. METHODS: In 25 patients with complete remission of CMV retinitis on stable HAART, maintenance therapy for CMV was dis
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7476)
Sued O, Abusamra L, Helou S, Cassetti I, Guelfand L, Negroni R, Cahn P;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of patients who discontinued itraconazole maintenance therapy (MT) for disseminated histoplasmosis . Design:Retrospective-prospective, observational, multicentric ongoing cohort. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of HIV infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy, with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7477)
Ferreira SS, Meiller TF;;; U of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
Lactoferrin is present in human external secretions, such as saliva, milk and tears. A study was undertaken to investigate concentration of lactoferrin in oral compartments, parotid saliva, whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluids and to relate these to oral disease states in HIV-seropositive subjects and seronegati
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7478)
Mbulaiteye SM, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ, Engels EA;;; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: Cancer occurs in excess among persons with AIDS. We describe cancer incidence among persons with AIDS according to CD4 counts using data from the AIDS-Cancer Match registry study. METHODS: Data from adults (>15 years or older) with AIDS registered in 11 U.S. AIDS registries in 1990-1996 were linked to cance
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7479)
Lascaux AS, Hemery F, Goujard C, Lesprit P, Bertocchi M, Lepage E, Levy Y;;; Service d'immunologie clinique -- Hopital Henri Mondor, 94010 CRETEIL Cedex, France
BACKGROUND: The impact of HAART on the survival of patients (pts) with ARL is still under debate. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of HAART on the survival of pts with ARL. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 73 HIV-1-infected pts with proven ARL diagnosed in two clinical centers between 1992-2000. Event-free survi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7480)
Allardice GM, Brewster DH, Hole DJ, Goldberg DJ, Boyd J, Codere G, Shaw L;;; Dept of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The Scottish HIV register contains data on all people who have tested HIV antibody positive or been diagnosed with AIDS in Scotland since 1985. The Scottish Cancer Registry contains details of all neoplasms (ICD-9 codes 140-239) except benign neoplasms (ICD-9 codes 210-229) diagnosed in the Scottish populat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7481)
Sole-Pla MA, Valente JG, Lemos KR;;; Health Department of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Mortality Information System is an important source of information for epidemiological monitoring of Aids. However, still little it is known about the registering of causes of death in patients with the illness. METHODS: In this study we performed a comparison of two independent databases (the AIDS info
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7482)
Hessol NA, Preston-Martin S, Seaberg EC, Massad S, Melnick S, Sacks HS, Silver S, Abulafia O, Levine AM;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has been associated with an increased incidence of specific types of cancers. However less is known about cancers in women with HIV infection than men. METHODS: To determine if there is an increased incidence of cancer among HIV-infected and at-risk HIV-uninfected women, we compared cancer
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7484)
Seaberg EC, Kingsley L, Melnick S, Zhang ZF, Armenian H, Chmiel JS, Roe J, Jacobson LP;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of AIDS-defining malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether HAART impacts the incidence of other cancers. METHODS: Cancer incidence between 1/1990 and 12/2000 was investigated using data from 2236 HIV-infecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7485)
Portsmouth S, Bower M, Mandalia S, Nelson M, Gazzard BG;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
OBJECTIVE. To determine the incidence of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in HIV-1 infected individuals since the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in 1996. METHODS. From the database of 8640 patients followed up at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital since 1985, all cases of KS were identified. Using
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7486)
Ebrahim SH, McKenna MT, Selik R, Hamers FF;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer incidence has been on the decline in developed countries. Objective/METHODS: To assess the trends and determinants of invasive cervical cancer (CCA) among women with AIDS in Europe and the United States (USA), we analyzed the AIDS surveillance data from Europe (reported by 18 countries of th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7487)
Samaniego F;;; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with the development of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Virtually all PEL contain HHV-8. K1 is expressed in HHV-8 infected individuals and PEL-derived cell lines express K1 during lytic phase viral replication. K1 encodes for a transmembra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7488)
Fine SM, Castiglia JJ, Corales RB, Christie ML, Mang KM, Sellers CR, Valenti WM;;; Community Health Network, Rochester, New York, United States
ISSUES: The incidence of human papilloma virus ( HPV ) induced anal/rectal disease is higher in HIV infected persons than in the general population. Screening for anal/rectal cancer via yearly anal pap smears in HIV infected men and women has been suggested, but the best methodology, follow-up procedures and utility in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7489)
Sanvisens A, Perez-Hoyos S, Catala R, Fuster D, Amo JD, Hernandez-Aguado I, Muga R;;; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Although co-infection with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common, there are few long-term studies on mortality from liver disease in coinfected injecting drug users (IDUs). OBJECTIVE: To examine the liver-related mortality among persons at risk for HIV and HCV infection. Patients and methods:cohort stud
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7490)
Qurishi N, Kreuzberg C, Hess L, Kupfer B, Luechters G, Voigt E, Effenberger W, Rockstroh J, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U;;; Department of Internal Medicine, Bonn, Germany
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection takes a more progessive course in patients with concomitant HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy has remarkably improved the prognosis of HIV but does not affect HCV replication. Thus, it remains unclear, whether HIV/HCV co-infected patients have a survival benefit. Design
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to analyse HCV transmission in a cohort of heterosexual couples that are discordant both for HIV and for HCV . METHODS: Between 1991 and 2000, in a STD/HIV clinic, we followed a dynamic cohort of 165 persons -147 women and 18 men- whose mean age was 29.7+-4 years, who were no
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7492)
Santos I, Barrasa MC, Sanz J, Ruiz-Gimenez N, Fernandez-Dorado MT;;; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapy with IFN and RBV for the treatment of chronic hepatitis (CH) C in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: open prospective trial between Dec-99 and Jul-01 in 26 patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, diagnosed of CH by means of a biopsy.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7493)
Mendes-Correa MC, Barone AA;;; AIDS Outpatient Clinic, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV share the same routes of transmission, which explains the high frequency of combined infections by these viruses. Objective-A case-control study was carried out in order to assess the risk factors associated to HCV in HIV co-infected patients. Methods-From January 1999 through
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7494)
Marx MA, Murugavel KG, Sivaram S, Krishnan AK, Solomon S, Thomas DL, Celentano DD;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association of genital ulcerative disease and HIV and HCV in slum communities of Chennai, India . METHODS: Almost two thousand adults aged 18-40 living in 30 slum communities were randomly selected and invited to attend health camps. They answered survey questions about sexual and parentera
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7495)
Fuster D, Tural C, Guardiola H, Tor J, Romeu J, Sirera G, Muga R, Ballesteros A, Planas R, Rey-Joly C, Clotet B;;; HIV Unit/ Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Gemans Trias i Pujol. Ctra Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
BACKGROUND: Since the widespread use of HAART, end stage liver disease (ESLD) is an emerging cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV + patients (p). Material and methods: Cross sectional study to describe the prevalence and characteristics of ESLD in a cohort of HIV + p attending the outpatient AIDS Unit at the Hosp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7496)
Sulkowski MS, Felizarta F, Slim J, Dieterich DT, Hudnall RF;;; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: HCV is an opportunistic disease due to accelerated liver disease progression in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have examined the use of IFN/RBV in HIV-infected pts. METHODS: Open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing IFN a2b 3mIU QD/RBV 800g/d to IFN a2b 3mIU TIW/RBV 800g/d for 48 wks. Inclusio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7497)
Porter JR, Perez G;;; Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 19010, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV information has been widely disseminated to the IDU (injection drug user) population, but HCV ( hepatitis C ) has recently become a focus of prevention campaigns. We investigate knowledge of HIV and HCV among a sample of IDU s. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were administered to a sample of 60 active I
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7498)
Nyamathi AM;;; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: While HIV/AIDS and HCV have similar parenteral transmission routes, sexual transmission for HCV remains controversial. To determine whether there is a biological basis for sexual transmission of HCV, we assessed the relationship between HCV-RNA in semen and serum of HCV-infected homeless men by means of Bra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7499)
Roy E, Haley N, Leclerc P, Cedras L, Boivin JF;;; Montreal Regional Public Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: The Montreal Street Youth Cohort was initiated in 01/1995. In 12/1999, a component on prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was added. METHODS: Participants, aged 14-25 years at entry, were met every 6 months to complete a questionnaire and provide saliva for HIV antibody testing.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7500)
Hagan H, Thiede H, Yu T, Hough E;;; NDRI, Inc., New York, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV prevention programs for injection drug users (IDUs) are expanding their goals to include prevention of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV & HCV). However, studies suggest that HCV may be easier to acquire than HIV and that the opportunity to prevent HCV is brief, with 60-75% HCV-positive within 1-2 year
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7501)
Kubaisy WA;;; Baghdad, Iraq
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HCV markers (antibodies, RNA, and Genotypes) among hemophilic patients with HIV infection DESIGN: Cross - sectional study. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Serum samples of 61HIV positive patients were subjected to screening test flowed by confirmatory test for the presence of specific HCV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7502)
Dorrucci M, Valdarchi C, Castelli F, Zaccarelli M, Pezzotti P, Rezza G;;; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
Backround: The introduction of HAART and the consequent increase in survival among HIV-infected persons has exacerbated the problem of co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the effect of co-infection on HIV-disease progression remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate this effect, compa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7503)
Pappalardo BL;;; Blood Centers of the Pacific, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Maternal co-infection with HIV has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of HCV. However, in the studies published to date, small sample sizes and lack of a consistent diagnostic definition of pediatric infection have limited accurate evaluation of HCV verti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7504)
Crum NF, Brodine SK, Grillo M, Wallace MR;;; Naval Medical Center, San Diego, San Diego, United States
BACKGROUND: An estimated 170 million people worldwide are seropositive for HCV including 3 million in the U.S. Approximately 30% of HIV- infected persons living in the U.S. are coinfected with HCV. HCV is an opportunistic infection due to its rapid progression and severe complications in HIV-infected persons. We assess
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7505)
Braga PE, Etzel A, Cardoso MR, Segurado AC;;; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is frequent in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), due to their modes of transmission, what may contribute significantly for higher morbidity and mortality. METHODS: To clarify the modes of acquisition of these viruses in Santos, Brazil , we conducted a seroprevalenc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7506)
Martial J, Morice Y, Abel S, Cabie A, Rat C, Edouard A, Deny P, Cesaire R;;; Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie, CHU, Fort-de-France, Martinique
BACKGROUND: Data on HCV diversity in the Caribbean are scarce. HCV prevalence in Martinique blood donors (4/7970, 0.05%) is similar to that observed in France . We evaluated HCV prevalence in HIV-infected patients and genotypes distribution. METHODS: 1275 HIV-infected patients and 154 HCV-monoinfected patient
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7507)
Suriyanon V, Razak MH, Rungruengthanakit K, Maneekarn N, Thongsawat S, Jittiwutikarn J, Nelson KE, Celentano DD;;; Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
BACKGROUND: In a prevalence study of drug users admitted to Northern Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDTC) between February 1999 - December 2000, we found that HCV positives were more likely to be HIV infected than HCV negatives. However, the association of the 2 viral infections can be best demonstrated in a prospec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7508)
Losada-Arias E, Prieto-Martinez A, Villamil-Cajoto I, Alende-Sixto R, Van den Eynde-Collado A, Carballo E, Perez-Becerra E, Gude F, Aguilera A;;; Santiago de Compostela Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C Virus-related liver fibrosis progression is accelerated in HIV-infected patients. Progression contributing factors are not well known,our aim was to compare the influence of different liver damage related factors,in a cohort of HIV/HCV coinfected patients. METHODS: A cross sectional analysis fro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7509)
Zanini B, Puoti M, Putzolu V, Spinetti A, Casari S, Quiros-Roldan E, Moretti F, Castelli F, Rossi S, Pan A, Tomasoni L, Carosi GP;;; Clinica Malattie Infettive, Brescia, Italy
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C viral kinetics during treatment with interferon and ribavirin is an important determinant of treatment response. In HIV-a first phase decline below 100.000 IU/ml has been demonstrated to be necessary in order to induce HCVRNA clearance. Methods In order to assess factors influencing HCVRNA kinet
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7510)
Page-Shafer K, Lum P, Hahn J, Evans J, Stein E, Davidson P, Bourgois P, Moss A;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: High rates of viral hepatitis infections have persisted among injection drug users (IDU) despite intensive interventions. We examine rates and risk factors for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection in an HCV negative cohort of young IDU in San Francisco. METHODS: Young (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7511)
Quintana M, Barrasa A, Amo JD, Ferreros I, Perez-Hoyos S, Villar A, Villar A, Jimenez V, Gago J, Hernandez F;;; Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To study morbidity and mortality by HCV infection and to describe the distribution of HCV genotypes in a cohort of 370 HIV positive haemophilics METHODS: All HIV positive patients seen from 1979 to 2000 in a tertiary referral hospital for the treatment of haemophilia in Madrid were included. Information on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7512)
Taylor LE, Schwartzapfel B, MacLeod C, Feller ER, Rich JD, Tashima KT;;; The Miriam Hospital/Brown University, Providence RI, United States
ISSUES: HIV/Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients are at increased risk for HCV disease progression. Interferon, the mainstay of therapy, has been associated with depression, suicide and addiction relapse. In the U.S. because most people acquire HCV through injection drug use, prevalence of addiction and mental i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7513)
Taylor LE, Tashima KT, Alt E, Feller ER, Costello T, Flanigan TP;;; Brown University, Providence, United States
ISSUES: HIV/Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients are at increased risk for HCV disease progression. Treatment for these individuals is limited. We investigated why 46 of 51 coinfected patients were not enrolled in an HCV treatment trial. DESCRIPTION: Patients evaluated in a coinfection clinic were screened for e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7514)
Caiaffa WT, Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Doneda D, Gandolfi D, Reis AC, Mingoti SA, AjUDE-Brasil Project TH;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Special attention has been devoted to the Southern part of Brazil , where the HIV epidemic has concentrated in IDU, their partners and concepts, provoking a shift in the epidemic pattern. This study aimed to investigate evidences of an increased HIV and HCV infections in South of Brazil on IDU. METHODS: The
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7515)
Klein MB, Lalonde RG, Suissa S;;; Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: Currently, one of the greatest challenges in HIV management is the treatment of persons co-infected with HCV. We sought to determine the impact of HAART on health outcomes in dually infected persons. METHODS: Using a clinical database, we compared outcomes for HCV seropositive (HCV+) and seronegative (HCV-)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7516)
Soto TA, Sadowski LS;;; The CORE Center, Cook County hospital, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of Hepatitis C (HCV) in HIV patients with psychiatric co-morbidities is largely unknown. Both psychiatric co-morbidities and HCV infection are being identified within the HIV patient population, and the presence of each has substantial implications for treatment decisions. This study aims to dete
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7517)
Stapleton JT, Swindells S, Polgreen PM;;; Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors (PI) has been associated with dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, well recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis. Hepatitis C (HCV) associates with LDL in serum, appears to utilize the LDL receptor for virus attachment and entry, and HCV RNA is largely remo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7518)
Pialoux G, Gouezel P, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Salmon D;;; Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: Little data is available regarding the clinical management of HIV-HCV patients in the absence of guidelines METHODS: An openday survey was carried out on June 21st 2001 in 180 units throughout France . Detailed sociodemographic and biological data of all HIV infected persons were recorded. RESULTS: 1813 HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7519)
Polgreen PM, Fultz SL, Justice A, Diekema DJ, Rabeneck L, Weissman S, Stapleton JT;;; Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia is increasingly common among HIV infected people, especially in the era of HAART. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to utilize the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor for cell binding and entry, associates with LDL and very low density lipoprotein in serum, and is cleared by LDL
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7520)
Murillas J, Miro JM, Rimola A, Grande L, Moreno A, Benito ND, Blanch J, Monras M, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the capacity of an OLT protocol to select appropriate candidates for OLT in Spanish HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS: The OLT protocol for HIV-1- infected patients was designed in 1999 for the Transplant Organization of Catalonia (OCATT). Liver criteria: HIV-1 infected patients with end stage li
BACKGROUND: In the last years the mortality in HIV-1 positive patients with the advent of HAART has observed a dramatic decline. Some authors report an increase in mortality and morbidity rates related to cirrhosis and its complications in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Other authors described no difference in mortality
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7522)
Rodriguez C, del Romero J, Clavo P, Ballesteros J, Lillo A, Sanabria A, Castilla J;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Servicio Regional de Salud, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND. We analysed prevalence of HBV and HIV serologic markers, and co-infection among persons attended in a clinic in Madrid, and evaluated the impact of hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: 22,855 patients attended for the first time in a STD/HIV clinic of Madrid between 1988 an 2000 were included.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7523)
Agrawal S, Gupta A;;; Swasthya Kalyan Blood Bank, Jaipur-302015, India
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis-B infection is more common than HIV and HCV Infection in blood donors. Human are the only reservoir for Hepatitis-B virus. Virus is highly infectious. The rate of infection varies from 0.01 to 30 % from one country to another. In India the prevalence of Hepatitis-B is 3 to 15 %. This is al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7524)
Sifakis F, Hylton JB, Celentano DD;;; The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) infections often occur as co-infections with HIV in men who have sex with men, although the prevalence in non-drug users is generally not specified. METHODS: The Young Men s Survey was a cross-sectional, venue-based sample of young men who have sex with men (MSM} aged
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7525)
Ho YL, Fonseca MO, Santos AC, Lopes MH;;; Departamento de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitarias - FMUSP- University Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The HIV and HBV share similar epidemiologic characteristic of transmission and risk factors which lead to co-infection of these two viruses. This raises the issue of whether one can protect HIV infected individuals with HBV vaccines. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and describe the epidemiologic char
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7526)
Avila MM, Pando MA, Maulen S, Rey J, Montano S, Salomon H, Sanchez J, Weissenbacher M;;; National Reference Center for AIDS. Univ of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to determine evidence of past infection with HIV, HCV, HBV, HTLV-I and HTLV-II viruses in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Buenos Aires and to examine potential behavioral and epidemiologic risk factors which may predispose to transmission. METHODS: MSMs 18 years o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7527)
Tubiana R, Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, Suffisseau L, Sullivan M, Rooney J, Brosgart C, Bricaire F, Katlama C, Poynard T;;; GH Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: Lamivudine-resistant HBV occurs in approximately 15%-32% of both immunocompetent HBV and HIV/HBV co-infected patients after one year of lamivudine (LAM) therapy. TDF has potent in vitro activity against both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TDF 300mg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7528)
Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, Calvez V, Fievet MH, Sullivan M, Brosgart C, Namini H, Poynard T, Katlama C;;; GH Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: LAM-R has been associated with progressive liver disease. The incidence of LAM-R increases with increasing duration of treatment: after four years, approximately 90% of HIV/HBV co-infected patients are LAM-R. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of ADV 10mg qd for the treatment of LAM-R
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7529)
Doherty MC, Phili R, Mafokhola A, Vardas E;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis is endemic in South Africa with HBsAg carrier rates of 10-25% in adults depending on geographic location. We studied factors associated with infectious and past hepatitis B infection in a sample of HIV positive and negative persons. METHODS: 241 adults (1/3 HIV negative, 1/3 HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7530)
Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Bedjabaga I, Niangui T, Simon F, Roques P;;; CIRMF, Franceville, France
BACKGROUND: Previous studies carried out in Gabon showed a relatively low HIV prevalence (0.3-2%) in contrast to a high frequency of HBV infection (>8%). In order to assess the specificity and geographical distribution of HBV and HIV strains a transversal study was conducted in the eastern provinces of Gabon. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7531)
Hopkins S, Lyons F, Brannigan E, Mulcahy F, Bergin C;;; St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
BACKGROUND: With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prognosis of HIV+ patients has altered. End stage liver disease is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in those patients co-infected with HCV. METHODS: All co-infected patients are followed at a designated treatment clinic. All patients
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7532)
Kostman JR, Wolff K, Maniglia R, Norris A, Duffalo M;;; Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: Reactivation of hepatitis B (HBV) with clinical hepatitis has been reported as a complication of potent antiretroviral therapy in patients with previous antibodies to hepatitis B surface antibody. We describe two cases of reactivation hepatitis B in individuals with HIV-HBV co-infection and previous antibod
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7533)
Vermelho LL, Costa AJ;;; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: More than 90% of infant AIDS cases in Brazil result from perinatal exposure. Although the health care facilities improvment and HIV perinatal prevention carried on, a great gap betweeen pregnant infected women receiving or not antiretrovirus therapy remains. OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the knowledge about t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7534)
Caterino-de-Araujo A, Moreira AA;;; Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The AIDS epidemic has increased the incidence rates of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in all countries, and KS has been considered an AIDS-defining illness. Since the discovery of the human herpesvirus 8, the etiological agent of KS, several studies have been conducted in order to characterize HHV-8 in all forms of KS: classic,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7535)
Caterino-de-Araujo A, Santos-Fortuna E, Carbone PH, Cibella SE, Moreira AA;;; Instituo Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
With the spread of AIDS, many HIV-infected women and children have been diagnosed with Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) mostly in Africa. Since the discovery of the causative agent of KS (human herpesvirus 8) several seroepidemiological studies have been conducted to identify groups at risk of KS. In order to add some information
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7536)
Engels EA, Whitby D, Biggar RJ, Goedert JJ;;; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: KS is caused by the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but the pathogenesis and useful markers of this process are unclear. As we had previously found that KS patients, compared to others with AIDS, are at higher risk for immunoblastic lymphoma, a malignancy linked to the prototype human gammaherpesvirus, EB
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7537)
Huante-Perez Alberto HP, Leon Garcia Daniel LG, Rodriguez Diaz Roberto A. RD, Fuentes Romero Luis Leon FR, Gonzalez Solis Edna GS, Viveros Rogel Monica VR, Cervantes Gonzalez Minerva CG, Soto Ramirez Luis E. SR;;; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, vasco de quiroga no.15 seccion xvi. mexico df., Mexico
The Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is a gamma herpesvirus implicated in all forms of Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS), that was identified by Chang et al in 1994. The seroprevalence of antibodies against HHV-8 have significant differences among geographic areas, gender and sexual practices; in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7538)
Pierrotti LC, Etzel A, Sumita LM, Segurado AC, Braga PE, Eluf-Neto J, Freire WS, Souza VA;;; Virology Laboratory (LIM-52), Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was recently identified and implicated in the etiology of Kaposi s sarcoma. In non endemic areas, higher HHV-8 seroprevalence rates have been found in risk groups for STDs, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), suggesting this virus is sexually transmitted. METHODS: We in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7539)
Baeten JM, Chohan BH, Lavreys L, Rakwar JP, Ashley R, Richardson BA, Mandaliya K, Bwayo JJ, Kreiss JK;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that sexual transmission of HHV-8 occurs among homosexual men in developed countries. However, few studies have examined heterosexual HHV-8 transmission, especially among African populations in which HHV-8 is endemic. METHODS: Our objective was to determine the seroprevalence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7540)
Giuliani M, Cordiali P, Castilletti C, Crescimbeni E, Palamara G, Maini A, Carlo AD, Ameglio F, Rezza G;;; Reparto AIDS e MST Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Although it is known that HHV-8 can be transmitted sexually, few studies have been conducted among heterosexuals. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of HHV-8 infection among sexually active heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (MSWM). METHODS: We collected blood samples from promiscuous hetero
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7541)
Press E, Chan K, Martindale S, Miller ML, Granger P, Hogg R;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: To determine the self-reported prevalence of anogenital warts, a sexually transmitted disease (STD), in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM), & to identify the relationship between sociodemographic background, sexual behaviour, and HIV status on anogenital infection. Anal warts are associated wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7542)
Agarossi A, Casolati E, Valieri M, Savasi V, Mastromatteo C, Ferrazzi E;;; OB&GYN ISBM Sacco, milan, Italy
Background The aim of this study was to assess, on a large HIV infected population, the prevalence of VIN and other vulvar diseases. METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-four HIV-positive women underwent a complete gynaecological examination with Pap smear, colposcopy, and colposcopic examination of the vulva and perianal r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7543)
Moscicki AB, Crowley-Nowick P, Douglas SD;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: To determine the biologic and behavioral risks for incident low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) and high grade (H) SIL. METHODS: Incident LSIL and HSIL were defined on cytology in a multi-city NIH-funded longitudinal study of HIV infection in adolescents (REACH). HIV infected adolescents aged
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7544)
Alfonzo R, Uribe M, Cavazza ME, Correnti M, Thorsell JD, Garcia D, Soteldo J;;; Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Introduction The risk of anal carcinoma has traditionally been underestimated in the general population but more importantly in HIV positive patients. Objectives To detrmine the necessity of the anal cytology screening for early detection of dysplasic changes and prevention of anal carcinoma in HIV positive patients mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7545)
Duerr A, Anderson J, Paramsothy P, Cu-Uvin S, Klein RS, Schuman P;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: ASCUS is a cervical cytologic finding of atypia of undetermined or mixed etiology that may be a precursor of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). ASCUS remains an incompletely described entity among HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women; even less is known about ASCUS in HIV-infected (HIV+) women. METHODS: Cervica
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7546)
Goncalves MA, Fernandes AP, Ribeiro-Silva A, Quintana SM, Duarte G, Donadi EA, Donadi EA;;; University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV+ women are more susceptible to present lower genital tract neoplasia, especially cervical tumors. The higher incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) has been correlated with the progression of immunosuppression. Up to now, few studies have been reported in HIV+ patients evaluating the qualit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7547)
Paramsothy P, Duerr A, Cu-Uvin S, Anderson J, Klein RS, Schuman P;;; CONRAD/CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Higher rates of genital tract HPV-associated dysplasia and more frequent relapse after treatment have been documented in HIV-infected (HIV+) women. Prior cervical HPV disease may indicate increased risk for vaginal or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN or VIN) in HIV+ women with hysterectomy. METHODS: D
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7548)
Arbel R, Hauzi M, Nagusa H, Rubinstein E, Kochman-Haimov R, Eisenberg V, Goslitzer T, Maayan S;;; Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
BACKGROUND: Seventy seven of the 87 (88.5%) HIV+ women currently followed in Jerusalem are recent Ethiopian immigrants. As a whole, this group faces extreme stress due to the immigration process itself and the social stigma associated with being HIV+. The group includes many discordant couples and single mothers. Conse
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7549)
Russomano F, Bastos FI, Camargo MJ, Almada-Horta AL, Chicarino-Coelho J, Veloso VG, Derrico M, Andrade A, Friedman R, Aidee-Fialho S, Pilotto JH, Grinsztejn B;;; Fernandes Figueira Institute - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Cervical neoplasia occurs with increased frequency among women infected with HIV-1.In Brazil , cervical cancer is still a major public health issue and there is scarce available data about gynecologic manifestations among HIV infected women in our country METHODS: In the baseline evaluation of an ongoing co
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7550)
Moreira-Silva SF, Neto LF, Lima AP, Leite AL, Frauches DO, Fernandes SS, Pereira FE;;; HINSG, SCMV, Vitoria, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of tuberculosis (Tb) is increasing worldwide being HIV infection the main predisposing factor. In Vitoria, ES, Brazil , there is increasing number of Tb/HIV association, but with some peculiarities. In this communication we report the results of a descriptive study of 49 adults and 30
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7551)
Rossi SM, Ramos MP;;; Secretaria de Saude do Estado do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics and evolution of tuberculosis in patients with the HIV infection, comparing them to cases of tuberculosis without the HIV infection. METHODS: Descriptive evaluation of historical series of cases of tuberculosis notified to the Epidemic Surveillance System of the Epidemiology D
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7552)
Ambe GT;;; Mumbai District Tuberculosis Control Society, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: - Over the past years, the problems of MDR -TB is receiving importance. The recent pandemic of HIV infection has only compounded the problem of MDR-TB. The particular propensity of HIV-infected person to develop active infectious TB can amplify exponentially a resistant strain from single index scale furthe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7553)
Antunes A, David S, Nina J;;; Instituto Higiene Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
Recent WHO recomendations are concerned with the development of new tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis . Serological diagnostics of tuberculosis has also been suggested. It is well known HIV infection changes the realibility of several serological tests, however tuberculosis serology in HIV2 infection has been poo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7554)
Clendenes M, Ticona E, Jave O, Salazar F;;; Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: Lima city concentrate 80% of 2,000 HIV-cases and 47% of 30,000 Pulmonary-Tuberculosis(PTB) cases annually reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine the hospital-prevalence and risk factors of MDR-TB in HIV patients. METHODS: Comparative, cross-sectional, hospital-based study in 168 patients with HIV/PTB bacteriolog
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7555)
Nunes AM, Machado DM, Peres LV, Gouvea AF, de Moraes-Pinto MI, Succi RC;;; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Tuberculin testing is an old and traditional complementary test whenever tuberculosis is suspected in children. However, its value as a diagnostic test is poor in individuals previously vaccinated with BCG. Routine immunization in Brazil includes BCG vaccine during the first
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7556)
Jakupi X, Wennberg JL;;; AIDS Programme Manager, Dept. Health and Social Services, Pristina, Kosovo
BACKGROUND: Kosovo is an area under the co-administration of the UN. The Kosovar HIV/AIDS Committee has developed a comprehensive program for HIV education, counseling, and surveillance for Kosovo. The Kosovo Department of Health and Social Welfare has funded the initial phase of this plan. However, while 42 cases of A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7557)
Goletti D, Vincenti D, Carrara S, Amicosante M, Pucillo L, Petrosillo N, Poccia F, Girardi E, Casetti R, Palmieri F, Ippolito G;;; IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Roma, Italy
Protein and peptides of the M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 has been recently proposed as an immunediagnostic test for active tuberculosis (TB) by using ex vivo ELISPOT assay for assessing ESAT-6-specific IFNg-secreting CD4 T cells (Lalvani A et al, Lancet 2001). To evaluate the feasibility of this assay during HIV infection we
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7558)
Souza MI, Shibata GI, Araujo FE, Souza MI;;; Municipal STD/AIDS Program, Santos, Brazil
ISSUES: With more than 4300 people registered, the AIDS Reference Center (CRAIDS) from Santos/ Brazil takes care of the Santos Metropolitan Area population besides some patients who live in cities around. Santos is among the Brazil cities with the highest incidence of AIDS and Tuberculosis cases. In 1999, there was a h
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7559)
Herrera BS, Velasquez-Porta T, Lau D, Lickez S, Arathoon E;;; DIGI-Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala, Guatemala
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of mycobacterial infections in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA). METHODS: A consecutive sample of 237 PLWA that attended to Clinica Familiar Luis Angel Garcia , from February to November 2000. The laboratory diagnosis was performed by direct observation o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7560)
Lee LM, Buskin SE, Morse A, Costa S, Beil J, Lobato M;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected persons are 100 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis (TB) compared with uninfected persons if latent TB infection is present and prophylaxis is absent. In 1995, recommendations stated that persons with newly diagnosed HIV should undergo a tuberculin skin test (TST) following HIV dia
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7561)
Wennberg JL;;; Harlem Hospital Center-Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Many papers present data on TB as the presenting illness for HIV, but no systematic examination of this data has been done to estimate HIV prevalence. This paper proposes to estimate HIV prevalence in the general population from the HIV prevalence in TB patients and the incidence of TB in that population. M
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7562)
Hirsh-Moverman Y, El-Sadr WM, Colson P;;; Harlem Hospital/Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Co-infection with HIV is a major issue in the management of TB disease. However, the characteristics, needs, and TB/HIV knowledge of HIV-infected patients (pts) have not been well defined in contrast to those among pts without HIV infection who are undergoing TB treatment. METHODS: We assessed pts character
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7563)
Charalambous S, Grant AD, Warren R, Moloi VM, Sehloho D, van Helden P, Chaisson RE, Cock KM, Churchyard GJ;;; Aurum Health Research, Welkom, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of morbidity in HIV-infected persons worldwide. The incidence of TB, and recurrence of TB, among South African gold miners remain high despite well-implemented control programmes. Determination of the relative contributions of relapse and reinfection to recurren
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7564)
Day JH, Grant AD, Fielding KL, Sefuthi C, Cock KM, Chaisson RE, Hayes RJ, Churchyard GJ;;; Aurum Health Research Unit, Welkom, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important disease among HIV-infected persons world-wide. TB-associated immune activation may enhance HIV replication and it is proposed that this may accelerate the progression of HIV disease. HIV viral load (VL) is reported to rise at the time of episodes of acute infectious d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7565)
Saggurti N, Rao GR;;; India
BACKGROUND: The present paper aims to study (i) the trends in prevalence of HIV, HIV associated tuberculosis (TB) morbidity, and (ii) to examine the current impact of HIV on TB according to different socio-demographic, and behavioural characteristics. METHODS: To assess the trends of HIV prevalence, the incidence rates
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7566)
Nachega J, Adendorff T, Msandiwa R, Coetzee J, Gray G, Intyre JM, Chaisson RE;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: An estimated 1 billion people in the world have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Most infected individuals were exposed as children and have a reactive tuberculin test (TST) and 5% lifetime risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. Dual HIV and TB eidemic as in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7567)
Balague M, Hernandez P, nchez F, pez-Colomes JL, Garcia de Olalla P, Cayla JA, Garcia-Vidal J, Marco A, Guerrero R;;; Public Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: In Spain , where more than 50.000 persons co-infected by HIV plus M. tuberculosis are calculated, tuberculosis (TB) still remains the main AIDS-related opportunistic infection. Up to now there were not studies validating short-therapies to treat Latent TB Infection (LTBI) in intravenous drug users
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7568)
Garcia ML, Garcia C, Ponce de Leon A, Palacios M, Ferreyra L, Kato M, Bobadilla M, Small P, Sifuentes J;;; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of HIV infection on mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS: Community screening of coughers between March 1995 and October, 2000 was performed in five urban and suburban municipalities in Southern Mexico . Patients with positive AFB
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7569)
Rustomjee R, Levin J, Gray C, Onyebuyoh PC;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data suggest that HIV affects the entire presentation of TB from risk of acquiring disease to prognosis, mortality and response to therapy. Similarly, active TB accelerates the natural progression of HIV disease. The clinical and epidemiological interaction between TB and HIV has implication
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7570)
Pereira MV, Celebrone PT, Ramalho M;;; STD AIDS Treatment and Referral Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Services that treat patients with AIDS have poorer results for tuberculosis (TB) treatment due to higher noncompliance and mortality rates. METHODS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a specialized service for TB treatment at the STD AIDS Treatment and Referral Center, a institution where
BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive cotrimoxazole in reducing mortality in a cohort of TB patients registered under routine programme conditions in a rural district of Malawi . METHODS: Between July 1st 1999 and June 30th 2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7572)
Alaei K, Mansouri D, Alaei A, Tabar HN;;; Medicine, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
BACKGROUND: One third of the world community are infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and 5-10 percent of them expose with clinical TB in their life compare to 50 percent in HIV positive patients .In every year almost 7.6 percent of HIV positive patients have clinical TB which decrease with appropriated prophilaxy.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7573)
Aldomiro F, Marques S, Camoes AC, Pereira J, Filho D, Baptista AM, Pacheco MH, Malhado JA;;; Hospital de Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
Introduction: Tuberculosis in all its clinical presentations has been increasing all over the world, and this increase is closely related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. The authors propose to determine how important this increase has been over a period of 10 years in an Infectious Disease Ward. MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7574)
Nachega J, Gounder C, Doherty M, Adendorff T, Coetzee J, Msandiwa R, Gray GE, Intyre JM, Chaisson RE;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: South Africa is experiencing concurrent explosive epidemics of HIV and TB. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions about TB to be used for TB preventive therapy research planning and adherence strategies. METHODS: 28 HIV-infected adults attending Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital s Perinatal HIV Res
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7575)
Riedner G, Rusizoka M, Mwakyelu J, Maboko L, Hoffmann O, Lyamuya E, Nichombe F, Mlai M, Todd J, Grosskurth H, Hayes R;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Information on STI prevalence and incidence rates among women with high risk behaviour is scarce in East Africa. In the context of a study on HIV superinfections with different HIV subtypes, an open cohort of 600 female barworkers has been established in Mbeya Region, Tanzania in 2000. Data on reproduct
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7576)
Arellano E, Armengol P, Escriba JM, Loureiro E, Saladie P, Sanz B, Saravanya M, Vall M, Villena MJ;;; STI Unit, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Immigration is a recent phenomenon in Spain . Some immigrants, especially prostitutes, would be vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STI) METHODS: Descriptive study, according to origin, about the prevalence of some STI (HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis), practice
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7577)
Ghate MV, Risbud AR, Divekar AD, Gangakhedkar RR, Brahme RG, Shephard M, Bollinger RC, Mehendale SM;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Since the first case of HIV infection in India in 1986, there has been a national effort to increase HIV awareness and to decrease high-risk behavior. Sexually transmitted diseases are important cofactors in HIV transmission. It is not clear whether this effort has resulted in any change in risk behavior in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7579)
Cook RL, May S, Harrison LH, Ness RB, Ismerio R, Schechter M;;; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
BACKGROUND: In Brazil , HIV is spreading most rapidly among younger women, adolescents, and urban dwellers. Young women seeking HIV testing may be at risk for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study sought to determine the prevalence of genitourinary infections due to C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7580)
Sriplienchan S, Lamlertkittikul S, Wannaro P, Wongthanee A, Pinjaroen S, Soonthornpun K, Morrison CS, Celentano DD;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been identified as a risk factor for HIV acquisition in many studies. HIV prevalence and incidence varies geographically in Thailand . We consider the prevalence and incidence of BV by region as well as other risk factors for BV. METHODS: We enrolled 1,585 young (18-35 years) HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7581)
Cheluget B, Chebet K, Munisia E, Wandera C, Kisoo M;;; National AIDS &STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that the presence of genital ulcers and urethral and vaginal discharge increase risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Thus, treatment and monitoring of STD syndromes should be an important component of HIV prevention efforts. METHODS: Data on STD syndromes were collected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7582)
Labbe AC, Gnintoungbe C, Meda H, Lowndes C, Batona G, Belleau M, Alary M;;; Unite de recherche en sante des populations, Centre hospitalier affilie universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, Canada
BACKGROUND: Clients of female sex workers (FSW) represent a bridging population for transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). In 1998, the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae (NG), C. trachomatis (CT) and HIV infections among 172 clients visiting FSW in peripheral areas of Cotonou was respectively 9.3%, 4
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7583)
Gomez CA, Bailey C, O'Leary A, Lyles C, Hoff C, Parsons J, Halkitis P; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), AIDS Research Institute (ARI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND. Persons living with HIV are living longer, healthier lives, and are also likely to increase their sexual activity. Little is known, however, about HIV+ MSM s attention to the prevention of other STI to protect their own and others health. METHODS. As part of a randomized controlled intervention trial, HIV+
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7584)
Vivar A, Vera ME, Gilman RH;;; Loayza Hospital, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: Vaginal discharge, a clinical symptom of an STD, is a quite common complaint in women. An etiological surveillance of STDs in women with this complain is warranted. METHODS: A prospective study involving 192 women aged 19 to 45 years old from a shanty town in the city of Lima. Through door-to-door visits, w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7585)
Ebrahim SH, McKenna MT, Marks JS;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
Background/METHODS: As part of an analysis of risk factors for the burden of disease and injury study in the U.S., we estimated the incidence of adverse health events (morbidity, mortality; and disability-adjusted life- years lost (DALY)) attributed to sexual behavior for year 1996 We used data from vital statistics, d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7586)
Labbe AC, Geraldo N, Meda H, Gnintoungbe CA, Anagonou S, Alary M;;; Unite de recherche en sante des populations, Centre hospitalier affilie universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, Canada
BACKGROUND: The role of STIs in increasing HIV susceptibility is well established. Their treatment can reduce genital HIV excretion. The prevalences of N. gonorrhoeae (NG) and C. trachomatis (CT) infections among female sex workers (FSW) in Cotonou have decreased significantly since 1993 but are still high. In the sear
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7587)
Nakku-joloba E, Kambugu F, Neuhauser D, Borawski E, Whalen C;;; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Mulago Hospital STD Clinic, Cleveland,OH, United States
BACKGROUND: Management of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in resource poor countries is based on syndromic approach. However, the positive predictive value of syndromic diagnosis depends on local prevalence. In Uganda , data on rural STD prevalence is limited. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7588)
Kingston MA, Higgins SP;;; North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of treatment for syphilis is routinely evaluated by demonstrating declining titres of the non-treponemal antibody tests, such as the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and the veneral disease reference laboratory (VDRL) tests. The serological response in those treated for syphilis who are HIV co-in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7589)
Tancredi MV, Brito EM, Santos NJ, Ruiz EA, Domingues CS;;; Referral Centers STD/Aids, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND:- Epidemiological study performed in the State of Sao Paulo - Brazil , including data from all Referral Centers for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, with the objective of analyzing the profile of these conditions and the association among STD and HIV/Aids. METHODS:- Data were obtained from a STD reporting comp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7590)
Phimphachanh C, Insisiengmay S, Saidel T, Phetvixay P, Thuy N, Sirivong P, Hersey S, Menzies R, Gallwey J;;; National Committee for the Control of AIDS, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
BACKGROUND: In 2000-2001, Lao PDR National Committee for the Control of AIDS (NCCA) and partner agencies implemented the biological (HIV and STI) component of the Second Generation Surveillance system. This study is the first successful attempt at a systematic examination of HIV and STI epidemiology in Lao PDR. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7591)
Couturier E, Dupin N, Janier M, Halioua B, Mertz JP, Cremieux AC, Laporte A;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: Since 1990, syphilis was a rare disease in Parisian STD (sexually transmitted diseases) clinics. In November 2000, an unusual high number of cases was diagnosed in one STD clinic in a short time period. The objectives of our study were to confirm the resurgence of syphilis and to describe patients character
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7592)
Porebski P, Chodynicka B, Serwin AB;;; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Academy of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
BACKGROUND: The influence of the outbreak of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the former USSR on prevalence of these infections in neighbouring countries is not fully examined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological threat of HIV infection and early syphilis (es) in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7593)
Onaga ET;;; CRT/HIV/Aids Sao Paulo-Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
ISSUES: Recent surveys have shown that STDs carry out import role toward HIV infection. Diseaseslike syphilis, cancroid, genital herpe, gonorrhoea, and others promote increasing probability of HIV infection. This justifiesthe STD controlas strategy to handle with HIV epidemics. Syndromic Approach works as high efficacy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7594)
Alencar WK, Wolffenbuttel K, Neto GS, Relvas VM, Placo AL, Aoki MF, Silva MA;;; State STD/Aids Training and Referral Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The presence of a STD is Known to increase the risk of HIV transmission. Genital ulcers, in particular, increase the risk up to 18 times. Our objetive was to implement a local database and offer diagnostic tests for Hepatitis B and HIV to any individual with a STD. METHODS: Antibodies against Hepatitis B an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7595)
Friedman RK, Lourenco MC, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn B, Schechter M, Bastos FI;;; Evandro Chagas Hospital/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV infection has been on increase among socially marginalized women in BR, especially in the 90s, as well as uterine cancer. HIV/ HPV co-infection has been seldom evaluated and properly managed in the Brazilian context METHODS: Baseline interview of 297 HIV+ women followed-up by an HIV/AIDS reference servi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7596)
Brahme RB, Sahay S, Malhotra-Kohli R, Gangakhedkar RR, Divekar AD, Risbud AR, Bollinger RC, Mehendale SM;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to understand the prevalent sexual risk behavior & practices of men attending STD clinics in Pune, India . METHODS: 1872 men attended two STD clinics from March 1998-May 2000. Data on their sexual behavior with respect to the age at initiation of sex, first contact partn
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7597)
Bronzan RN, Mwesigwa-Kayongo CD, Narkunas D, Fehler G, Vasaikar S, Ddamba J, Hoyi G, Karuhije P, Nombekela E, Dlali P, Ngqovu W, Htun Y, Neilsen G, Schmid G, Brady B, Parker K, Allen D, Ryan C;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Syphilis can increase HIV transmission ten-fold. In South Africa , syphilis rates among antenatal women are estimated at 8.4%. In Eastern Cape Province less than 25% of rural antenatal clinics (ANC) routinely conduct syphilis testing, mostly due to lack of transportation to and from district laboratories. T
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7598)
Shakarishvili A, Dubovskaya L, Khromova Y, Safarova E, Dugasheva L, Averchenko S, Aral SO, St. Lawrence J, Lewis J, Braxton J, Parker K, Ryan C;;; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of STDs, HIV, drug use, health seeking and other behaviors, and social conditions affecting transmission and acquisition of STDs and HIV among the homeless population in Moscow. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 200 females (F) and 200 males (M) aged 18-45 y
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeC7599)
Nagot N, Ouangre A, Ouedraogo A, Meda N, Yaro S, Sombie I, Van de Perre P;;; Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
BACKGROUND: The introduction in 1996 of the syndromic approach for STI management in Burkina Faso may have had some consequences on STI ecology and HIV infection. METHODS: STI prevalence and etiological studies performed in Bobo Dioulasso between 1990 and 2000 in different groups of population including Commercial Sex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7600)
Khromova YY, Safarova EA, Dubovskaya LK, Averchenko SA, Dugasheva LG, Ryan C, Aral S, St. Lawrence J, Lewis J, Braxton J, Shakarishvili AD;;; Russian Association for STI Prevention SANAM, Moscow, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: The study objectives were to assess the prevalence of STDs, HIV, drug use and risk behaviors among various groups of population in Moscow. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in Moscow assessed prevalence of STDs, HIV, drug use, sexual and other behaviors in juvenile and homeless detainees. RESULTS: Of 400 fem
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7601)
Toro C, Rodes B, Poveda E, Garcia J, Aguilera A, Tuset C, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Eiros JM, Caballero E, del Romero J, Soriano V;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
OBJECTIVE: We describe the main characteristics of subjetcs with HIV-2 infection reported in Spain up to January 2002, by examining report forms from the HIV-2 National Registry Database. Material and METHODS: Serologic and genetic methods are requested to consider for new HIV-2 infections and data are collected by the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7602)
Cohen C, Karstaedt A, Govender N, Thomas J, Hlatshwayo D, Dini L, Frean J, Galpin J, Brown HC;;; National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: HIV and malaria are common infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Greater parasite densities and rates of clinical malaria have been demonstrated in HIV-positive patients from Uganda . Our aim was to determine whether HIV-positivity affects clinical severity and parasitaemia in adult South African patie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7603)
Withum DG, Janssen RS, Mei JV, Fridlund CA, Linley LA, Byers RH, Branson BM;;; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: STARHS combines the use of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with a modified, less sensitive (LS) version of an EIA to distinguish persons with recent HIV-1 infection. The LS assay is non-reactive if a person has been recently infected, (provisional estimate for HIV-1 subtype B within 170 days [95% confi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7604)
Grimwade K, French N, Dedicoat M, Mbatha D, Gilks CF;;; Hlabisa general hospital, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
BACKGROUND: HIV-infection and malaria are leading public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. The interaction between these two conditions is poorly understood and difficult to unravel in immune populations where parasitaemia and HIV-associated fever commonly co-exist. METHODS: We took the opportunity to investigate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7605)
van Eijk AM, Ayisi JG, ter Kuile FO, Misore AO, Otieno JA, Kolczak MS, Kager PA, Steketee RW, Nahlen BL;;; University of Amsterdam/ Kenya Medical research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
BACKGROUND: HIV and malaria are common in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied the role of HIV infection and placental malaria (PM) as risk factors for post-neonatal infant mortality (PNIM) in a holoendemic malarious area with high HIV prevalence. METHODS: From June 1996 to August 2000,1104 women and their
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7606)
Toro C, Rodes B, Aguilera A, Tuset C, Garcia J, Poveda E, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Eiros JM, Caballero E, Benito R, Calderon E, del Romero J, Rodriguez C, Soriano V;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
OBJECTIVE: We describe the main characteristics of subjetcs with HTLV-I/II infection in Spain . Material and METHODS: Serological and genetic methods are considered for interpreting the new reported HTLV cases by the HTLV Spanish Study Group, constituted in 1991. It includes participants from 18 diagnostic centers dist
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7607)
Declich S, Clerici M, Okwey R, Ouma J, Ochakachon R, Francesconi P, Dente MG, Fabiani M, Rizzardini G;;; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa HIV and malaria are among the most important diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. Understanding if and how the two infections interact is important for their control. We conducted several studies aimed at investigating the presence of a potential association between HIV and ma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7608)
Lensen RP, Krol A, Veenstra J, Coutinho RA, Schuitemaker H;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: CCR5 is a receptor for chemokines of the CC family. Heterozygosity for CCR5 A32, a 32-basepair deletion in the gene encoding for CCR5, is present in 10-15% of Caucasians and delays HIV-1 disease progression among homosexual men. A study among 157 normal blood donors demonstrated that of CCR5 A32 heterozygot
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7609)
Perry RT, Lubega I, Nanyunja M, Downing R, Mermin J, Grabowsky M, Harpaz R, Mukasa G;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: In Sub-Saharan Africa both measles and HIV are major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study examines the outcomes of measles and the duration of measles viral excretion in children by HIV status. METHODS: Two groups of children 6 months to 5 years presenting to Mulago Hospital in Kampala,
Vaginal Infections in HIV+ and HIV- Women, Rakai, Uganda OBJECTIVE: Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) has been associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), although little is known about the relationship between the two diseases. We are conducting a prospective study of BV natural history in HIV+ and HIV- women.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7611)
Mathur MS, Rele MC, Turbadkar D;;; Department of Microbiology, L T M M C and L T M G H, Mumbai, India
Observation. Determining the prevalence of HIV infection in bad obstetrical history (BOH) and its correlation with TORCH and VDRL. Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex II (TORCH) group of organisms can cause intrauterine infections in foetus and are responsible for repeated abortions, stillbirths, conge
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7612)
Gomes AP, Nery JA, Sampaio EP, Galhardo MC, Salles AM, Sarno EN;;; Rio de Janeiro State Healt office, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Hanseniasis is an important public health problem around the world. In Brasil, we still have a endemy with high number of cases. There are little works of co-infection HIV/Mycobacterium lepra in literature, so we decide research this issue in our leprosy outpatient clinic. METHODS: This is a case series stu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7613)
Avalos A, Wester W, Bussmann H, Moffat H, Lesetedi G, Lethswiti M, Mabuse M, Marlink R;;; Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Introduction: Opportunistic infections (OI s) and cancers associated with HIV-1 subtype C cause significant morbidity and mortality in Botswana , a country with extremely high HIV-1 prevalence. To offer comprehensive case management and build infrastructure in Botswana, a public outpatient HIV Infectious Disease Care C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7614)
Lima JN, Pedro RJ, Lages E, Aoki FH, Jodelis M, Almeida EA;;; STD/AIDS Programme - MOH, Brazilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, or South American Trypanosomiasis , is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted to man mainly by blood sucking insects and through blood or his products transfusions. It has been estimated that in Latin America this chronic infection occurs in between 16 and 18 million
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7615)
Caiaffa WT, Proietti FA, Reis AC, Gandolfi D, Doneda D, AjUDE-Brasil Project TH;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other blood borne infections related to IDU has became an important public health problem in Latin America. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus I and II
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7616)
Ramjee G, Gouws E, Dyke EV, Williams B, Karim SS;;; Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention &Vaccine Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have shown the relationship between HIV and HSV-2 seroconversion and the risk factors associated with them. Objectives 1) Baseline prevalence of HIV and HSV-2, 2) Incidence of HIV and HSV-2 and the risk factors associated with it, 3) the temporal relationship between HIV and HSV-2 seroconve
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeC7617)
Moherdaui F, Barreira D;;; Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND: the STI are nowadays in Brazil and all over the world a serious public health problem. In the context of the HIV epidemic, it becomes still larger due to the interactions: the presence of an STI can increase the risk of both acquisition and transmission of HIV. In Brazil, as in most of the countries, the ca
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7618)
Li JH;;; Yunnan Institute for Drug Abuse, Kunming, China
OBJECTIVE: To reduce risk behaviors which promote HIV transmission among drug users. METHODS: A peer education program was implemented among drug users in drug detoxification centers in Kunming from May 1998 to June 2000. Before and after intervention, through random sampling subjects were recruited to assess the impac
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7619)
Nikolov Z, Argirova R, Yankova E, Pehlivanova A, Dyankova R, Raleva S, Froloshka L;;; Sofia Municipality Centre for Addictions, Sofia, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: Bulgaria experienced the first real epidemic of heroin use in early 1990s, and resp. the risk of spread of HIV and other blood born infections has been recognized in this community. Bulgaria is still a low HIV-prevalent country - 353 HIV (+) as of the end of 2001 - 9 out of them intravenous drug users (IVDU
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7620)
Fisher DG, Wells RS, Brecht ML, Cagle HH;;; California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that needle exchange programs (NEPs) decrease needle and syringe (NS) sharing among injection drug users (IDUs). However, no studies to date have used a randomized design to examine this question. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial conducted between May 1997 and June 2000. Th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7621)
Perngmark P, Celentano DD;;; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: To asses sexual behaviors and correlates of condom use among male injecting drug users (IDUs) in southern Thailand . METHODS: Using a cross-sectional behavioral survey, 272 male IDUs were interviewed about sexual behaviors and condom use at six drug treatment clinics in southern Thailand. RESULTS: Over half
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7622)
Radulich RG;;; El Retono, Argentina, Argentina
ISSUE: According to official statistics, more than 43% of the notified cases of HIV/AIDS are associated to intravenous drug use. If we consider the group of drug users in the poorest strata of society, the HIV/AIDS prevalence oscillates between 48% and 50%. DESCRIPTION: From 1997 - 2001, ACCRAD/El Retono has carried ou
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7623)
Klahn JA, Wood MM, Reynolds GL, Fisher DG;;; California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, United States
BACKGROUND: This study explored the relationship between drug use and stage of change among out-of-treatment drug-users enrolled in an HIV prevention program. METHOD: 137 clients (76% male; 61% Black, 22% White, 14% Hispanic, 3% Native American, 1% Other ) completed the Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ) and the R
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7624)
Lockett G, Smith CD;;; CAL-PEP, Oakland, United States
Issues- The California Prostitutes Education Project (CAL-PEP) founded in 1985 has a missionm of working with African Americans and other people of color at high risk of contracting HIV. The main foucs of our work is street outreach and HIV mobile testing. Over the years we have expanded our HIV services to work with s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7625)
Longshore D;;; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies find that HIV medication adherence is lower among persons involved in illegal drug use. While it is widely believed that drug use undermines maintenance of daily routines and motivation to take medication as prescribed, little is known about the range of factors affecting adherence among illegal dru
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7626)
Kossukhin A, Baimursina S, Chacklikov T;;; Joint UN and Government Coordinated Programme of Healthy Lifestyles Development, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Temirtau is a town in the center of Kazakhstan , which became famous for the onset of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Nowadays 40 per cent of people living with HIV in the country are concentrated there. The assessed HIV prevalence in Temirtau in 2001 was 1,5 per 100 adolescents and adults of the age 15-45. Injecting drug users (ID
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7627)
Vickerman PT, Watts C;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Many needle exchange projects (NEPs) have problems obtaining long-term funding and have periods of reduced funding and activity (project gaps). This is likely to reduce needle and syringe distribution and so increase sharing. We use a mathematical model to study the effect of project gaps on the impact of a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7628)
Schoffel AC, Pechansky F, Boni R, Genro VK, Surrat HL, Inciardi JA;;; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
ISSUES: to design a sexual risk reduction intervention relevant to the needs and concerns of female sex partners of drug users. DESCRIPTION: eight volunteers female partners of drug users, was participate in focus group. The discussion was focusing on sexual practices with their drug-using partners, domestic violence,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7629)
Ivanov I;;; Aids center, Tver, Russian Federation
Since April, 1999 the project of Harm reduction among injecting drug users (IDU) has been operating in the city of Tver. The project is being realized by the AIDS-center with the support of the Soros foundation and Regional administration. As of 01.07.2001 in Tver region there has been 2 982 cases of HIV registered, 72
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7630)
Gasiliauskas L, Dragunevicius K;;; Lithuania's AIDS centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of Lithuania s AIDS centre s psychological-social rehabilitation community for drug addicts. METHODS: The financial analysis of activity of Lithuania s AIDS centre s psychological-social rehabilitation community for drug addicts was made. The harm which untreated addicts cau
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7631)
Poznyak VB, Monteiro MG, Jarlais DD, Perlis T, Stimson GV, Fitch C;;; World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: In response to HIV epidemic among IDUs the WHO initiated multi-city study of injecting drug use that is currently being implemented in Argentina , Belarus , China , Colombia , Iran ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7632)
Metzger DS, Navaline HA, Davis-Vogel A, Mercer D, Fiore D, Myers J, Fields G, Voytek C, Olgelsby P, Hutchins S, Woody G;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: The AIDS epidemic among drug users in the United States is now moving through its third decade. Important changes among drug users have occurred during this time. Longitudinal data can provide important insights into the impact of the epidemic on this population and its response to it. METHODS: As the first
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7633)
D'Aunno T, Pollack H, Lamar B;;; University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND. This paper addresses three questions about the role of the US outpatient drug abuse treatment system in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. To what extent are treatment units providing HIV prevention services recommended by NIH Consensus Panels? To what extent are units linking affected clients to needed medical and soc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7634)
Sterk CE, Elifson KW, Theall KP;;; Emory University, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: An evaluation of the effectiveness of a community-based HIV risk reduction intervention for African American women who inject drugs. METHODS: A sample of 71 HIV negative, heterosexually active women were recruited in Atlanta, Georgia using street outreach and targeted and theoretical sampling. Data were col
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeD7635)
Baron AE, Koester SK, Glanz J;;; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: We report findings of a study emphasizing the drug-using risk network rather than the individual as the unit of intervention to reduce injection risks. METHODS: We compared two interventions: a network-focused, individual intervention and a network-focused group intervention. Qualitative and quantitative me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7636)
Chesson HW, Harrison P, Stall R;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND. If alcohol consumption promotes risky sexual behavior, then declines in alcohol consumption may be associated with declines in new STD diagnoses. From 1990 to 1992, both gonorrhea incidence rates and per-capita alcohol consumption declined dramatically in the United States . We examined the association betw
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7638)
Cochran SD, Mays VM, Ackerman D;;; UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Illicit drug use is viewed as a facilitator of HIV-related sexual risk taking among gay men. While it is generally assumed that illicit drug use is more prevalent among gay men than heterosexual men, most studies of use patterns have been based on samples drawn from the visible gay community which may be bi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7639)
Tross S, Shoptaw S, Stephens MA, Tai B, Nida AIDS Workgroup CT;;; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: In January 2001, the HIV/AIDS Workgroup for NIDA s Clinical Trials Network initiated the task of developing a snapshot of the type of HIV- and hepatitis-related services delivered at the participating Clinical Treatment Provider sites. A total of 65 of 91 (71.4%) sites representing 12 of the 14 nodes respon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7640)
Kalyesubula I, Mubiru M, Bakaki P, Kintu K, Owor M, Kibuuka E, Mmiiro F, Olness K;;; MUJHU, Kampala, Uganda
Introduction: It has been observed that most infected women attending the Mother-Child and AIDS/HIV pediatric clinics do not share their test results with their spouses. Consequently, spouses do not cooperate in reducing the risks of vertical transmission through breast milk and infection among discordant couples. OBJE
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7641)
Mancilla M;;; Private Practice, Washington DC, United States
ISSUES: Many HIV+ individuals are involved in relationships with another HIV+ person whether by seroconversion in an existing relationship or through active choice. The dynamics and challenges in having a successful relationship along with HIV needs to be broadened . The historical parameters that focused on safer sex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7642)
Hailu YM;;; Hope For Children, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ISSUE: The role of community based Support Group for care givers of PLWA (home care) and HIV/AIDS orphaned children is found to be effective and sustainable method that can ensure community ownership in reducing the impact of the disease. Discription: The Medical Missionaries of Mary Counseling & Social Services Ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7643)
Babalola S, Kornfield R;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: An estimated 500,000 Rwandans are infected with the HIV virus and many have already died as a result of the infection. In a groundbreaking study conducted in May 2001, the Johns Hopkins University Center for Communications Program (JHU/CCP) conducted a series of focus group discussions and in-depth intervie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7644)
Klosinski LE, Mutchler MG, Chion M, Bui U, Shariff S, Wongvipat N;;; AIDS Project Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: In 2000 and 2001 LAC experienced outbreaks of syphilis, primarily among MSM co-infected with HIV. Research is needed to explore the HIV/STD knowledge, beliefs, and sexual risk behaviors reported by this population. Our objectives were to measure self-reported HIV and STD knowledge, beliefs, and sexual risk
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7645)
Seidl EM;;; University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND. This study main goal was to test a model that describes quality of life as a function of coping, social support, education, marital status and health conditions (symptomatic or asymptomatic) in HIV-infected patients. METHODS. The participants were 241 adults, aged 20 to 64, 161 men and 80 women. From those
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7646)
Ali SA;;; Pakistan AIDS Prevention Soceity, Karachi, Pakistan
OBJECTIVES: Towards the empowerment of People infected and effected with HIV/AIDS, and formation of their first ever Network in the southern part of the country. METHOD: Pakistan was still among the countries where networking of PLWHA s have not attained the right attention. Pakistan AIDS Prevention Society together wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7647)
Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB, Kochman A, Tate DC, DiFranceisco W, Lee RS;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
BACKGROUND: Little clinical research has focused on ways to meet the psychological needs of men and women with HIV/AIDS who are also coping with the loss of loved ones to AIDS. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a bereavement coping intervention for those living with HIV. METH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7648)
Kuate JR;;; Cameroon
HYPOTHESIS: Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have permanent tendency toward overweight and in fact, fear any loss in weight. METHODOLOGY: A study was conducted from November 2000 to August 2001 based on clinical observations and interviews during a nutritional follow-up in Yaounde and Douala. Two groups of 32 PLWHA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7649)
Morankar SN;;; Centre for Health Research and Development, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Counseling to HIV patients and health education to community is the backbone of the HIV/AIDS control programme. To understand how HIV infected persons utilise their knowledge for prevention of HIV infection the HIV infected patients were interviewed. METHODS: 19 HIV positive males detected at STD clinic in
ISSUE: To negotiate a free medical consultation and regular home visits for these affected children. Aides Medicales & Charite (AMC) has in all a total of 86 children affected by HIV/AIDS. We refer to children whose mothers are infected or who are themselves infected with the HIV/AIDS as, affected children. We acco
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7651)
Collins PY, Zybert PA, Susser ES;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Women living with AIDS in U.S. inner-city settings continue to face challenges associated with sexual risk reduction. This study explored the impact of a behavioral intervention designed to 1)introduce men and women living with AIDS to female-initiated methods and 2) enable men and women to develop skills f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7652)
Odhiambo AA, Awuor MA, Omondi AL, Awuor LL;;; The Association of People with AIDS in Kenya(TAPWAK), Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUE: To document the advantages and constraints faced in Home based Care for persons with AIDS (PLWHAs) and their clinical profile in Funyula, Kenya . DESCRIPTION: Between Jan 1994 and Dec 1996, 24 PWA were provided with home-based care. Patients were selected for home care if they are chronically ill and not able to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7653)
Deschamps MM, Grand'Pierre R, Verdier RI, Noel F, Bois G, Rakotomalala M, Conille G, Deas J, Pape JW;;; GHESKIO, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
BACKGROUND: HIV seroprevalence among women visiting antenatal clinics in Haiti is high (4-13%), most of the women do not know they are HIV infected. Detection of HIV, through voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) either before a woman becomes pregnant or early in pregnancy is essential to achieve widespread prevention
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7654)
German D, Mason T, Booker C, Gasiorowicz M, Crump C, Senterfitt W, Conviser R;;; Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has spurred interest in broadening primary HIV prevention efforts to include persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). CDC s Serostatus Approach to Fighting the Epidemic (SAFE) initiative includes Prevention Case Management (PCM) as a component for increasing the number of PLWHA who adopt and m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7655)
Schiffer K;;; Katrin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ISSUES: In the majority of the countries, male sex work is a non-issue, ignored by policy makers, funders and service providers. However, influencing factors as migration (mostly from Eastern Europe) and mobility, make it more and more necessary to exchange information across the borders and to develop specific strateg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7656)
Avelino FL, Maycock B, Cross D, Shaw T;;; Philippine Department of Health, Legazpi City, Philippines
BACKGROUND: The increasing trend of STIs and the presence of HIV cases in Bicol Region, Philippines , made this health issue a public health concern. Faced with limited resources it is essential that health interventions are effective. In order to assess the usefulness and responsiveness of the educational intervention
BACKGROUND: There has been significant interest in adapting the Thai 100% condom program due to its reported success as a structural intervention with female sex workers (SWs). However, critics of such approaches have expressed concerns that structural approaches that do not include community mobilization and participa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7658)
Sylla M;;; Project Sida 3, Bamako, Mali
BACKGROUND: Amongst the activities of the West African Project Against AIDS in Mali , numerous interventions are being conducted in the brothels by the local NGOs. It rapidly appeared that it s necessary to dispose the mapp of prostitution profile to enhance the coverage and results of our interventions. OBJECTIVES: 1.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7659)
Jerez H, Gomez B, Hernandez C, Moreno L, Rosario S, Sweat M, Kerrigan D;;; CEPROSH, Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
ISSUE: While it is recognized that sex establishment-based HIV prevention programs should address and involve sex establishment owners and managers, little attention has been paid to the role of other non-sex worker (SW) employees who also work in the sex establishment and are potential facilitators and promoters of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7660)
Liao SS, Liu W, He QY, Zhou YJ, Mandel J, Pan WL, Liao JF, Liang SL, Wang XC;;; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: China s sex industry has been rapidly expanding in both urban and rural areas. To reduce women s sex-related health risks in sex industry, we conducted a two-phase intervention project using outreach as one strategy. The project was conducted in two towns and one small city in Hainan and Guangxi from 1997-2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7661)
Chen ZD, Wei SB, Shan JG, Zhou W, Wu FB, Cai CY;;; Public Health and Anti-epidemic Station, Wuhan, China
BACKGROUND: Reported number of HIV /AIDS has been increasing by 30% in recent years in China , sex especially commercial sex is now playing an important role progressively in this disastrous pandemic. Because of the large number of entertainment establishment-based sex workers who are somewhat accessible and manageable
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7662)
Kamanga J, Sunkutu K, Chama H, Sichone ZT, Manda DK;;; Family Health International, Lusaka, Zambia
OBJECTIVE: To reduce STIs by providing STI treatment and promoting condoms among sex workers (SWs) METHOD: SWs were trained as peer educators to provide information, education, counseling and condoms to other SWs and to refer them to health facilities for STI treatment by health care providers trained by the project. A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7663)
Rodina T, Valieva S;;; Regional Dospensary for Skin and Vebereal Diseases, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Dramatic five fold annual increase of HIV cases in the Southern Kazakhstan was primary a result of unsafe drug-injecting behavior. However the contribution of sexual transmission of HIV is growing up as well. Brief assessment performed in 2000 had showed that the total number of street commercial sex workers (CSW) in S
BACKGROUND: Despite the recognised vulnerability of sex workers to HIV, there are few HIV prevention programmes in Morocco mobilising sex workers to respond to their needs. The main reasons for this are stigmatisation of sex work, and the difficulties programmes face in trying to reach sex workers, especially in rural
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7665)
Abellanosa IP;;; Government, Cebu City, Philippines
ISSUES: Cebu City is a highly urbanized area with red light districts frequented by foreigners and local people. For many years, STD/Aids prevention and control activities were focused on esrablishment-based sex workers. The law required them to have weekly check-up at the Social Hygiene Clinic (SHC) and to attend lect
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7666)
Akeret R, Hincziza U, Vandenbroucke B, Vriens P, Okoliyski M, Lukasik R, Georgescu M, Kohler D;;; Swiss Aids Federation, Zurich, Switzerland
issues: gather information about men selling sex to men through the internet and to find out if there are specific needs for them and if they are interested in interventions through the internet. Is there a new group of male sex worker other than known by service providers? description: 7 countries within the European
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7667)
Andrade JM, Guimaraes KM, Godoi AM, Merchan-Hamann E, Serafim D, Ribeiro L;;; University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND: A nation-wide study was carried out in order to evaluate the impact of interventions to prevent STD, HIV/AIDS transmission. We evaluated 7 Non Governmental Organization (NGO) projects and 1 Governmental project addressed to female CSW. Three aspects of vulnerability were considered: (1) individual knowledge
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7668)
Zhao PF;;; World Health Organization, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: 100% condom use programme (100 % CUP) has been demonstrated a successful strategy to stop HIV transmission among sex industry in Thailand and Cambodia . In China , among its 850,000 HIV positives, as of end 2001, less than 10% were officially reported being infected by sex.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7669)
Rou KM, Wu Z, Xu YS, Ma JF;;; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: China has experienced rapid increase of commercial sex work and epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The two factors played significant roles in spread the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The objective of study is to explore a sustainable intervention model targeting s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7670)
Kazi BT;;; Research associate, Centre for Social Studies, Surat, India
ISSUES: Sex workers (SWs) are unscientifically and unfortunately deemed to be the main source of transmission of HIV/AIDS to the coomunity through sexual mode. But the knowledge and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS and their behaviour related to HIV/AIDS risk is almost similar to the community they come from and live in.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7671)
Ford K, Wirawan DN, Reed BD, Muliawan P;;; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
BACKGROUND. Prostitution has been an important factor in the spread of HIV infection in many parts of the world. Developing interventions for these populations has been a challenge in many communities. The objective of this presentation is to document the level of mobility among female sex workers in low price brothels
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7672)
Dias PR, Longo P, Torres H, Szterenfeld C, Castle C, Kerrigan D;;; SEPED / NEPAD - University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Sonagachi Project in India has been deemed a best practices model by UNAIDS for its community development approach to HIV/STI prevention among female sex workers (SWs). The current study adapted key concepts and indicators from Sonagachi to an intervention trial to assess the contribution of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7673)
Mendiratta M;;; Institution, Delhi, India
ISSUE: To discuss the factors influencing the effective service utilization by Non-brothel Based Sex Workers in a community based reproductive health programme aimed at HIV/AIDS prevention in a migrant population. Methedology: Through a surveillance method conducted by interviewing 27 Non brothel based sex workers (wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7674)
Kumaramangalam L;;; Prakriti, Chennai, India
ISSUE: In the rapidly developing metropolis of Chennai, HIV/STD prevention programs targeting female sex workers have been operational for the past few years. However, despite high awareness levels and substantial community mobilization, behavior change has not been sustainable, primarily because prevention programs ha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7675)
Dube N;;; PSG, Harare, Zimbabwe
Introduction: A network of over 200 peer education HIV prevention projects throughout Southern Africa has designed a comprehensive planning, monitoring and evaluation framework. METHODS: The framework tracks: inputs, outputs, unit costs, coverage; behavioural impact and biomedical impact. An intergrated set of diaries,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7677)
Rebelatto S, Lacerda EP, Mesquita MC, Brito VO;;; STD/AIDS Coordinationof Sao Paulo City Health Department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Subject: SAS Campos Eliseos is a municipal Public Health Institution for attendance and prevention of STD/Aids .Since 1998, an intervention for prevention of STD /Aids involving a male sex profissionals group (transvesters) has been developed. DESCRIPTION: The Institution is located downtown in a traditional prostituti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7678)
Nair S, Verma RK;;; international institute for population sciences, mumbai, India
BACKGROUND:-Vulnerability of sex workers towards sexually transmitted infections has paved way for research relating to their physical health. However, there has been very little systematic effort on investigating the mental health aspects despite the fact that the hostile circumstances in which they operate and try to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7679)
Irudayasamy U, Williams J, Shyamprasad S, Prabhu VA;;; AIDS desk - UELCI, Chennai, India
BACKGROUND: AIDS Desk is a unit of National Lutheran Health and Medical Board where I am works as a Counselor. We have registered 300 cases of High Risk Groups in our Clinic for counseling and treatment. It was found that most of cases are men and women who had Extramarital relationships and condoms were not in regular
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7681)
Faweya CO, Oke TO, Nnochiri R, Sklaw K, Adetoro AA;;; Family health Intenational, Lagos, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: female sex workers are at risk for hiv and sti infections due to lack of knowledge on preventive measures and inability to negotiate safer sex. Therefore, intervention aimed at increasing their knowledge and awareness will contribute to the continents efforts in controlling the the pandemic. family health I
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7682)
Morar NS, Mantell J, Qwana E;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have examined acceptability of vaginal microbicides among women who have used the product for a long duration. This study was undertaken to determine acceptability among sex workers with reference to disclosure of product use to their male partners (clients and steady partners). METHOD: 94
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeD7683)
Khosla N, Lingamallu BP, Chandramouli K, Damayanthi K, David S, Kasinath PC;;; Hindustan Latex Limited, Delhi, India
ISSUES: Community management is the ultimate aim of development interventions. In the context of HIV prevention among vulnerable groups, this ambitious ideal requires a committed NGO and tremendous initiative from the CBO. The challenge is to initiate and replicate such interventions. DESCRIPTION: Hindustan Latex Limit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7684)
Kazi BT;;; Centre for Social Studies, Surat, India
BACKGROUND: India is considered a prolific ground for spread of AIDS in the coming century. Unprotected sexual behaviour is a major mode of HIV transmission in India accounting for 75% of the HIV infections. The focused interventions for prevention and control of AIDS, rest on certain international model, which need no
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7685)
Philips H, Hendrickx KM, Avonts D;;; Dpt of General Practice, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
BACKGROUND: Low educated ethnic minority boys are considered at risk about prevention of STD and HIV. Although, previous focus group research with young immigrant Moroccans indicates a positive attitude towards condom use (Hendrickx and Lodewijkcx 1998). The possible non-accordance of actual prevention programs towards
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7686)
Oduwole M, Jeminusi OA, Aderogba OI, Okuboyejo OB;;; Sagamu Community Centre, Sagamu, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to assess the level of condom use among LDTD s in Kara Sagamu, Nigeria . METHOD: The Sagamu Community Centre, a DFID Supported non-governmental organization in Sagamu has implemented an HIV/AIDS prevention program with LDTD s in the last 4 years. A semi structured interview sc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7687)
Abraham J, Anna J;;; Center For Development Initiatives, Bhayandar, India
ISSUES: Existing programs and strategies are inadequate to address the various sexual health needs of migrant population groups in residential and industrial areas around major cities. This is resulting in continued spread of HIV not only among themselves, but their spouses or sexual partners in villages. DESCRIPTION:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7688)
Daly CC, Mahendra VS, Bhattarai P, Evans C;;; Consultant, Horizons Program, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: Trafficking of women and adolescent girls in South Asia is associated with mobility, poverty, human rights violations, and prostitution which increase their risk of HIV/AIDS. Yet many trafficking prevention efforts discourage migration altogether, even for women who want to travel or voluntarily seek employ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7689)
Rosete DH, Rosberg M;;; Institution Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
BACKGROUND: This paper notes the generally poor impact of anti-HIV/AIDS interventions targeted at vulnerable populations, which has been broadly observed in Belize and elsewhere. It also reports the behaviour of commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the same region, who can articulate the risk of HIV/AIDS and the importance
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7690)
Yuntadilok N;;; AIDS Division, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
ISSUE: The close link to HIV/AIDS epidemic at Thai- Myanmar border is migration of Burmese to Thailand . These migrants are vulnerable to HIV infection due to illegal status, low education, lacking of AIDS information and inaccessibility to health services . Urgent application is needed. DESCRIPTION: Having aware of th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7691)
Arsac P, Nembo J, Ballouche N;;; Internal and infectiology medicine unit,regional hospital, 45032 Orleans, France
OBJECTIVE: to determine the factors interfering with observance and follow-up in a immigrant african women cohort METHODS: All Hiv+ african immigrant,living in France from 1985,consulting in 2001,in our unit were enrolled. We studied age,HIV testing circumstances,time spent in France before diagnosis,children number,em
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7692)
Wolff B, Collinson M, Tollman S;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The effect of male labour migration on the spread of HIV depends on risk behaviour upon exposure to sexual networks in both home and work areas. Most research on migration and risk behaviour is based on urban samples or mining areas. Little is known about the behaviour of rural men or migrants once they ret
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7693)
Entz A, Prachuabmoh V, van Griensven GJ, Soskolne V;;; Chulalongkorn Univesity, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Mobile populations are at higher risk for HIV infection. Burmese, a major group of non-Thai fishermen in Thailand , is the main target population for culturally specific intervention programs to decrease high risk behavior. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an HIV educational intervention conducted
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7694)
Dube S, Bekele M, Nkembe K, Nichols K;;; African Services Committee, Inc, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Migration of African nationals to New York City, USA, has increased dramatically in the past six years. African Services Committee (ASC) estimates that there are 400-500,000 African-born immigrants living in New York City; about 50% undocumented. HIV prevalence among African immigrants who were tested at AS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7695)
Charles MF;;; Cultural Health of Latin Americans United, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States
BACKGROUND: In Florida, Women of color including Haitians are among the most affected group by HIV/AIDS; 55% tested positive for HIV/AIDS (CDC, 2001). A project funded by Latin Americans United, Inc., was initiated, developed, organized and implemented from September 1, 2000 to December 30, 2001, in Fort Lauderdale, Fl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7696)
Wasson-Simon A, Sall H, Maguet O, Giaquinto C;;; AIDES, Pantin, France
ISSUES: Epidemiological indicators reveal a much higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS among sub-saharian africans residing in France than in the general population. If HIV prevention in France is to become able to address this grave shortcoming, we need acurate information about the perception and knowledge of HIV/AIDS within
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7697)
Jolingana NJ, Kgasane B;;; Department of Health, Bloemfontein, South Africa
ISSUES: Mobile populations particularly truck drivers and construction workers have limited or no access to health care because of their working hours. These groups are more vulneralble to STI s including HIV because they services of commercial sex workers who also do not seek health care because of the attitudes of he
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7698)
Hileman SB, Negroni M, Vargas G, Martinez C, Ortiz R, Bronfman M, Weir S;;; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: Migration may play a key role in the spread of HIV. Two towns in Mexico , Ciudad Hidalgo bordering Guatemala and Chetumal bordering Belize , were identified by regional stakeholders at a 1999 workshop as places where mobile populations from Central America and Mexico mix with each other and lo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7699)
Zeitoun H, Bonnineau A, Marvaud E;;; Mss, Colombes, France
ISSUE: Our structure has been confronted with an explosion of visitors from the migrant community, especialy african subsaharienne women. These people have started a medical accompagnement, after having been diagnosed as HIV positif. Many of these women have been isolated and rejected from their community. They have li
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7700)
Darbes L, Kennedy G, Rutherford G, Peersman G, Zohrabyan L, Fitzpatrick L;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
ISSUES: African-Americans have the highest rates of HIV/AIDS among any racial group in the U.S. To identify the most effective behavioral interventions for this population, we conducted a systematic review. DESCRIPTION: We identified 52 HIV prevention intervention trials (1985-2000) from standard databases. We included
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7701)
Sarracco M, Beder J;;; Yeshiva University - Wurzweiler School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States
This presentation will explore issues related to the application of the concept known in the helping professions as the strengths perspective. This perspective is utilized in working with those dealing with HIV/AIDS. When a practitioner works from the strengths perspective, a different view of the client and their envi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7702)
Slonim-Nevo V;;; Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of a cognitive-behavioral program designed to prevent HIV/AIDS among adolescents in residential centers. The assessment was based on the participants self-reported knowledge about HIV/AIDS, self-reported attitudes towards prevention, self-reported coping with high-risk situations, and s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7703)
Joshi PK, Purohit A, Haag A, Mora J, Shah SR, Shah NS, Dodiya VJ, Trikmani RK;;; FXB India Society, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Teenage girls in Mumbai, India , are vulnerable to get HIV infection due to lack of sexual and HIV/AIDS education. Only 8% of them go on to higher education, making them difficult to target after they finish their basic studies. METHODS: After their secondary school exams, teenage girls in Mumbai were subje
ISSUES. The Caribbean Region has the second highest growth rate of HIV/AIDS in the world. A region varied in culture, language and governmental systems also differs in its approaches to HIV/AIDS mitigation. Being one of world s renowned tourist destination (for North Americans and European) contributes to the rate of s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7706)
Swendeman DT, Comulada WS, Rotheram-Borus MJ;;; UCLA Center for Community Health, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: Reducing transmission behaviors among HIV+ persons is the most cost-effective strategy to impact the HIV pandemic. Small group, telephone, and individual formats were evaluated for delivering interventions with HIV+ young people. Three modules aimed to reduce sexual risk acts and substance use, and improve
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7707)
Potgieter JJ, Botes ME, Levin J;;; Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In South Africa disease education and a change in sexual behaviour are important interventions in HIV. The Kalafong Hospital HIV clinic has lay counsellors who educate and counsel patients in groups and as individuals. METHODS: The efficacy of counselling and education in HIV infected patients at the concer
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeD7708)
Godfrey CJ, Koegel HM, Yi H, Shidlo A, Dalit BJ;;; St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers of NYManhattan, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Peer-based HIV risk reduction counseling for gay/bisexual men is widely practiced. There is limited knowledge about the content of counseling sessions, particularly when the counseling is centered psychosocial issues related to HIV risk behavior. METHOD: Prior to beginning a multi-session HIV peer-counselin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. ThPeD7709)
Rousaud A, Blanch J, Martinez E, Peri JM, Pablo JD, Lazzari ED;;; Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques Agusti pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) a, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Most HIV-infected patients attending a consultation-liaison psychiatry service show symptoms of anxiety and depression. The present study sought to evaluate the immediate and long-term efficacy of a structured cognitive-behavioral group therapy in reducing anxiety and depression in HIV-infected patients ref
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. ThPeD7710)
Gade RR;;; S.N.D.T.Women's Universiy, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Few years back AIDS word was not known to us. We youth of developing country like India were totally unaware of this fast spreading menance. Sooner we came to know about the ill effects sf this disease & we decided to fight with it. To bring about the required changes knowledge of the disease is a must.
