Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1135)
Llano A, Barretina J, Gutierrez A, Clotet B, Este J;;; Fundacio IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays an important role in HIV dependent T-cell depletion and pathogenesis. There is a clear relationship between CD4 T cell number, HIV viral load and circulating IL-7 levels. We have previously identified IL-7 as a factor that may be related to the evolution of HIV from CCR5-using (R5) to CXCR4-u
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1136)
Levy JA;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: As the principle producers of IFN-a/b, the plasmacytoid interferon-producing cell (IPC) plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We have recently described a decline in circulating IPC numbers correlates with increased HIV plasma viral load and AIDS defining disease. Present studie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1137)
Bermejo M, Serrano JM, Alonso J, de Pablos JL, Gamallo C, Arenzana F, Alcami J;;; Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Emergence of X4 HIV strains occurs late in the course of HIV infection, suggesting that a selective pressure interpheres with the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor tropism. We hypothesized that SDF-1 production could be involved in this process and to this aim we have analyzed the expression of SDF-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1138)
Yu Q, Hunter E;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
BACKGROUND: The membrane-proximal region in the ectodomain of HIV gp41 contains five highly conserved tryptophans that are biologically important for the envelope glycoprotein (Env) incorporation and virus infectivity. The role of this gp41 tryptophan-rich region in the structure and function of Env remains unclear. In
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1179)
OConnor DH, Allen TM, Vogel TU, Jing P, DeSouza IP, Dodds EJ, Yamamoto H, Dunphy EJ, Mothe BR, Hughes AL, Watkins DI;;; University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, United States
BACKGROUND: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses may be important in containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Evidence suggests that CTL-resistant viral variants are selected for throughout infection. There are, however, only two examples of HIV escape from strong acute phase CTL responses. Difficul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1180)
van Lunzen J, Altfeld M, Frahm N, Stellbrink HJ, Walker BD;;; University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: To characterise HIV-specific immune responses in peripheral blood (PB) and lymph nodes (LN) after long-term control of viral replication. METHODS: HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses (CTL) were assessed simultaneously in LN and PB by ELISpot, ICS and tetramers in patients receiving successful HAART for prolo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1181)
Novitsky V, Rybak N, McLane MF, Gilbert P, Gaolekwe S, Peter T, Thior I, Ndung'u T, Marlink R, Lee TH, Essex M;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: An increasing dominance of subtype C in the AIDS epidemic reflects a dynamic alteration in the worldwide HIV-1 subtype distribution. The HIV-1C epicenter with the highest prevalence rate has evolved within the countries of southern Africa. CTL responses are an important component of the overall immune respo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1182)
Addo MM, Yu XG, Rathod A, Cohen D, Eldridge R, Johnston MN, Blackard JT, Brander C, Boswell S, Goulder PJ, Rosenberg ES, Altfeld M, Walker BD;;; Partners AIDS Research Center/MGH, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the control of HIV-1. However, no comprehensive analysis of HIV-1 specific T lymphocyte responses directed against the whole expressed genome on the single epitope level has been performed thus far. METHODS: PBMC from 40 HIV-1 infected individuals (10 treate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1183)
Thakar MR, Keating S, Bhonge LS, Lakhashe S, Rao AK, Bollinger RC, Paranjape RS;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Induction of CD8+ CTL responses is an important outcome for evaluation of candidate HIV-1 vaccines. Characterization of immunodominant epitopes in Indian subtype C viruses is crucial for the design of HIV vaccine strategy suitable for India and other regions with subtype C epidemic. METHODS: Peripheral Bloo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrA1184)
Mngqundaniso N;;; South Africa
BACKGROUND: The host immune response plays a critical role in defining the viral set point in persons infected with HIV-1. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are a major mediator of antiviral activity. The way the CTLs control viraemia depend on the HLA type of the individual. Some studies have shown that are of great advantage t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1221)
Matano T, Kano M, Lun WH, Nakamura H, Takeda A, Ami Y, Nagai Y;;; Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Backgrounds: Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the control of immunodeficiency virus infections. We previously developed a proviral DNA vaccine system using an env- and nef-deleted simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) proviral DNA. Further, we established an efficient antigen-expression system usi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1222)
Matsuo K, Nakasone T, Izumi Y, Ami Y, Ohsu T, Hamano T, Yamamoto N, Yamazaki S, Honda M;;; JST AIDS Vaccine Project, c/o National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: To develop Gag antigen-targeted recombinant vector-based AIDS vaccine, we constructed a whole SIV Gag antigen-expressing recombinant live vector vaccines using Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) and highly attenuated vaccinia virus DIs strain which is nonreplicative in human. Protective efficacy was evaluated fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1223)
Williamson C, van Harmelen JH, Shephard E, Londt B, Gray C, Morris L, Karim SA, Swanstrom R, Williamson AL;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: This project forms part of a national initiative to develop HIV-1 vaccines for use in South Africa under the support of the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative. As part of a prime-boost strategy, we report on the identification of genes for inclusion into vaccines and the construction of a DNA vaccine exp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrA1224)
Smith JM, Amara RR, Sharma S, Patel M, Earl P, Wyatt L, Moss B, Robinson HL;;; Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Building on the success of preclinical trials using a DNA prime/MVA boost strategy in which protection from disease was achieved in the macaque/SHIV-89.6P model (Science 292:69), we have developed a DNA vaccine, pGA2/JS2, expressing HIV-1 Gag, Pr, RT, Env, Tat, Rev and Vpu from a single DNA. Plasmid GA2/JS2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1225)
Thongcharoen PT, Suriyanon VS, Khamboonruang CK, Kim JK, Polonis VP, de Souza MD, Gurunathan SG, Brown AE;;; Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: An ALVAC-HIV candidate vaccine has been constructed with HIV-1 env (TH023), gag and pro (LAI) genes of clades E and B viruses (vCP1521) and an oligomeric gp160 protein derived from a Thai E isolate (TH023) for evaluation in Thailand . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1226)
Cao H, Kaleebu P, Flores J, El-Habib R, Salata R, Mbidde E, Mugyenyi P, Ellner J, Mugerwa R;;; CA Dept Health Services, Richmond, United States
BACKGROUND: This first preventative HIV-1 vaccine study in Africa aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in seronegative Ugandan volunteers. The vaccine construct was a live recombinant canarypox vector expressing HIV-1 gp120 (MN), the anchoring region of gp41 (LAI), the entire gag and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1140)
Chene G, May M, Costagliola D, d'Arminio Monforte A, Junghans C, de Wolf F, Lundgren JD, Fusco G, Miller V, Leport C, Dabis F, Hogg RS, Phillips AN, Gill MJ, Salzberger B, Sterne JA, Egger M;;; ART Cohort Collaboration, University of Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: Prognosis in the era of HAART is ill defined. The ART Cohort Collaboration aims to estimate progression rates to AIDS or death, and death, in drug-naive patients starting therapy. METHODS: 13 HIV cohort studies (10 Europe, 2 Canada , 1 US) participated. We included adult drug naive patients starting HAART w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1141)
Brooks JT, Hanson DL, McNaghten AD, Swerdlow DL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, United States
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine if plasma viral load (VL) reductions are less durable in HIV-infected persons with low CD4 counts, which could influence when to begin HAART. METHODS: We examined the relationship between CD4 count at HAART initiation and virologic response in persons with no known history of prior HA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1142)
Hogg RS, Heath KV, Yip B, Montaner JS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: To characterize the impact of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) versus protease inhibitor (PI) based triple drug antiretroviral therapy on survival. METHODS: Population-based analysis of antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-positive individuals aged 18 years and older who initiated triple
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1143)
Cole SR, Li R, Anastos K, Detels R, Young M, Phair JP, Munoz A;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: To estimate the impact of deferring highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation on time to AIDS using a novel method that adjusts for unobserved lead-time in higher CD4 cell counts categories by HIV+ persons who initiate HAART at lower levels of CD4. METHODS: 739 men and women from the Multicent
BACKGROUND: HIVNET 012 was a phase II randomized open label trial in Uganda which demonstrated an overall efficacy of 42% for the two dose NVP given to HIV infected mothers at labor onset and to their neonates, compared to intrapartum and 1 week post partum zidovudine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1175)
van der Meer JB, Lezhentsev K, Younis A, Malyuta R;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Kiev, Ukraine
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data about the effectiveness of nevirapine-based prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes in field situations in resource-poor settings. Medecins sans Frontieres, in co-operation with the Ministry of Health of Ukraine , runs a PMTCT programme in Southern Ukraine, i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1176)
Kuhn L, Kasonde P, Vwalika C, Shutes E, Sinkala M, Kankasa C, Aldrovandi G, Piwoz E, Thea DM;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: ZEBS, a clinical trial in Lusaka, Zambia , seeks to determine if short exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) can reduce breastfeeding-associated HIV transmission and infant mortality. Important to the study is adherence to counsellors advice to breastfeed exclusively. METHODS: All pregnant woman attending antenatal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1177)
Read JS, Newell ML, Dabis F, Leroy V;;; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: We analyzed individual patient data from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials to estimate the contribution of breastfeeding to the overall risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1, to clarify the timing of breastfeeding transmission, and to identify determinants of late postnatal trans
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1178)
Magoni M, Kituuka P, Okong P, Bassani L, Germinario E, Massella M, Giuliano M;;; Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: In January 2000 prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) was started in Nsambya Hospital under a MOH Program. METHODOS: Short anti-retroviral courses, AZT or NVP, are offered in the late pregnancy to women enrolled in the PMTCT program. Women are counselled and supported to use either Infant Formu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1185)
Fidler SJ, Brady MD, Oxenius A, Price D, Babiker A, Zhang HT, Phillips R, Weber JN;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Aim this project aims to evaluate whether a short course of antiretroviral therapy (SCART) given at acute HIV infection is sufficient to preserve HIV specific CD4+ T-helper responses otherwise lost in the absence of intervention. Background National and international guidelines call for treatment of primary HIV infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1186)
Mallolas J, Blanco JL, Pena JM, Dalmau D, Ochoa A, Vidal F, Ribas MA, Segura F, Pedrol E, Flores J, Cruceta A, Varea S, Pich J, Martinez E, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The use of HAART combining 2 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + one protease inhibitor (PI) or 2 NRTIs + 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has shown comparable efficacy and safety profile. However, the relevance of the selection of one starting regimen or
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1187)
Pulido F, Arribas JR, Miro JM, Costa A, Rubio R, Gonzalez J, Pena JM, Lonca M, Lorenzo A, Cepeda C, Torralba M, Gatell JM; Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: We compare the virological,immunological and clinical outcomes of EFV vs PI-based HAART for the treatment of severely immunossupressed patients with a high rate of AIDS-defining conditions. METHODS: HIV-infected patients, naive, with
BACKGROUND: HAART regimens usually contain drugs from either one or two of the drug classes. A triple class HAART regimen may be associated with a better virological effect than traditional HAART, but may also lead to toxicity, drug interactions and more profound resistance. Comparative trials of using either two or al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1189)
Bartlett JA, Johnson J, Herrera G, Sosa N, Rodriguez AE, Shaefer MS;;; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) utilizing dual nucleosides in combination regimens can offer dramatic benefits to individuals with HIV-1 infection. An abacavir / lamivudine combination (ABC/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1144)
Dukers NH, Spaargaren J, Geskus RB, Beijnen J, Coutinho RA, Fennema HS;;; HIV and STD Research, Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Dramatic increases are noted in sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and in HIV-related sexual risk behaviour among homosexual men in the industrialized countries. Are these increases the forecast of a resurging HIV epidemic? METHODS: HIV incidence from 1991 through 2001 (but not 1993) was examined among hom
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrC1145)
Mercer CH, Johnson AM, Fenton KA, Wellings K, Erens B;;; Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Male homosexual sex accounts for a high proportion of HIV infection acquired in Britain. Studies in convenience samples of gay men indicate increased risk behaviour in Britain. We examine evidence for changes in prevalence of homosexual risk behaviour in comparable probability surveys in Britain in 1990 and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1146)
Remis RS, Alary M, Otis J, Demers E, Masse B, George C, Vincelette J, Turmel B, Lavoie R, LeClerc R, Parent R;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To determine trends in HIV incidence and sexual behaviour among MSM in Montreal. METHODS: The Omega Cohort study recruits MSM not known to be HIV-positive. HIV testing is performed and a questionnaire completed at study entry and every 6 months. RESULTS: From October 1996 to August 2001, we recruited 1,699
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1147)
Perez K, Rodes A, Zaragoza K, Munoz R, Casabona J;;; Center for Epidemiological Studies on AIDS of Catalonia (CEESCAT), Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
BACKGROUND: Catalonia, a Spanish autonomous region with 6 million inhabitants, had in 2000 an AIDS incidence rate of 81.8 per 106. In 1993 behavioural monitoring of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) was introduced as part of its integrated HIV/AIDS surveillance system. This paper aims to compare HIV prevalence and risk b
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1148)
Chen S, Gibson S, McFarland W;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: An increasing trend in high risk sexual behavior with accompanying increases in sexually transmitted diseases has been noted among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco and other cities around the world. Less information has been available to characterize the level of unprotected anal sex between
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1149)
Kumta S, Setia M, Jerajani HR, Mathur MS, RaoKAvi A, Lindan CP;;; Sion LTMG Hospital and Medical School, Mumbai, India
OBJECTIVES: MSM are an important emerging risk group in India and have received scant attention. MSM include gay and heterosexual-identified men and transgender (TG) who often sell sex and may be castrated. Systematically collected data on these groups are limited. We evaluated MSM accessing the Humsafar Trust, a male-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1190)
Bennett DE, Zaidi I, Heneine W, Woods T, Garcia-Lerma G, Weinstock H;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies report that resistance to antiretroviral drugs is high in some areas among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. Most US studies are small with limited demographic and risk factor variation. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistanc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1191)
Xing H, Chen Z, Liang H, Feng Y, Chen JP, Zhao QB, Zhang YZ, Qin GM, Wei M, Shao YM;;; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: The B /C recombinant HIV-1 (CRF-CH1) found in China s first national molecular epidemic study (NMES1) in mid 90s has been carefully studied in the NMES2 in 2001-2. The two sets of data are compared and will help to explain its epidemic and prepare for future vaccine trials. METHODS: Epidemiology data, CD4,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1192)
Hoelscher M, Sanders-Buell E, Dowling WE, Carr JK, Harris M, Thomschke A, Robb ML, Birx DL, McCutchan FE;;; Department of Infectious DIseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany
Background and objective: The gold standard method of HIV-1 genotyping, full-genome sequencing, is costly and low-throughput, but all other assays provide incomplete discrimination of subtypes and recombinant forms. Here we describe the development, evaluation and application of the Multi-region Hybridization Assay (MH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1193)
McCutchan FE, Carr JK, Harris M, Dowling W, Hoelscher M, Robb M, Birx DL;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Phase III HIV-1 vaccine trials in populations with multiple subtypes can potentially define the breadth of cross protective immunity. HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D, which circulate in East Africa, constitute, alongside subtype B, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, the most prevalent strains in the pandemic and are the mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1194)
Hu DJ, Subbarao S, Vanichseni S, Mock PA, Ramos A, Nguyen L, Choopanya K, Mastro TD;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Although dual infections involving different subtypes of HIV-1 have been reported, unbiased estimates of their frequency from longitudinal studies have not previously been determined. METHODS: To determine the proportion and incidence of infections with subtype B and CRF01_AE (E) among IDUs in Bangkok, 1209
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1195)
Vergne L, Bourgeois A, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Mougnoutou R, Muagbaw J, Zekeng L, Liegeois F, Butel C, Peeters M, Delaporte E;;; IRD, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 epidemic in Cameroon is characterized by an extensive genetic variability, where all groups (M, N and O) and subtypes cocirculate, and by a high variety of intersubtype and intergroup recombinants. In this study, we examined whether the subtype distribution changed over time. METHODS: Since 1996,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1220)
Lin TW, Etchepare C, Faucher JM;;; ARCAT, Paris, France
The Asian population living in Paris and the surrounding areas is made up, in large part, of people who only speak Mandarin. Living in a closed milieu, this is a vulnerable population due to the language barrier, a tradition of secretiveness, tabus such as se and sexually-transmitted diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1220a)
Archibald CP, Reid D, Geduld J;;; Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND: To estimate the extent of heterosexual HIV transmission from injecting drug users (IDUs) to non-IDUs. It has been estimated that approximately 3,270 new HIV infections occurred among men and 920 among women in Canada during 1999. Approximately 33% of male and 54% of female infections were directly attributa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1220b)
Grassly NC, Rhodes T, Lowndes CM, Renton AM, Garnett GP;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The course of the HIV pandemic over the next decade will be determined by the emerging epidemics in India , China , Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Commercial sex work and injecting drug use (IDU) in these countries have resulted in high prevalence of HIV among high risk groups, but more generalise
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1227)
Bessinger RE, Kasheeka EB, Boerma JT, Zaba B, Kirungi WL;;; ORC Macro International, Calverton, United States
BACKGROUND: Uganda has seen consistent declines in HIV prevalence at sentinel surveillance sites since the mid-1990s and subnational studies have indicated that changes in sexual behavior may have occurred. Three national surveys provide additional data on trends in sexual behavior during the nineties. METHODS: Nationa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1228)
Gebre Y, Norman L, Figueroa JP, Wedderburn M, Ashley D, Brathwaite A;;; Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica
BACKGROUND: This paper examines the effort of the national HIV Prevention Program in reducing HIV/AIDS prevalence trends through changes in risk behaviour in the general population over a decade. METHODS: Four cross-sectional surveys employing stratified, multi-staged household samples of the adult population aged 15-4
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1229)
Manoharan SJ, Mills SJ;;; Family Health International, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: India s national highway network of 52,000km spans 35 states with different epidemic settings. The Behavior Surveillance Survey (BSS) measured key sexual risk behaviors (RB) among mobile and stationary populations on halt points on highways throughout the country. METHODS: Measurements on indicators were ob
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1230)
Mwaluko G, Urassa M, Isingo R, Zaba B, Boerma JT;;; TANESA Project, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: In Kisesa ward in rural northwest Tanzania an open cohort study has been ongoing since 1994. A district HIV prevention program, implemented since 1995, included improved STD control, AIDS education in schools, condom promotion, peer health education, formation of community by-laws and support for income gen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1231)
Anderson JE, Santelli JS, Mugalla C;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND. We summarize trends in HIV-related behaviors based on several nationally-representative health surveys that have collected this information since the early 1980s. METHODS. Data are from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Survey of Family Growth, the General Social Survey, the Youth Risk Beha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1232)
Panakadan S, Murthy GV, Rao JV;;; NACO, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: For the first time 1000 million Indians were sampled for a nationwide BSS in 2001. The survey covered all 35 States and UTs in India. 84478 people were administered a semi-open ended schedule. METHODS: Multistage cluster sampling design was adopted. The entire country was divided into 22 sampling units and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1150)
Steen R, Olivier E, Mzaidume Z, Rasego B, Moema S, Fehler G, Leong MG, Williams BG, Ndhlovu L, van Dam CJ, Dallabetta G, Ballard RC, Neilsen G;;; Family Health International, Arlington, Virginia, United States
BACKGROUND: STD services for sex workers were implemented to reduce the prevalence of curable STDs in a mining area as part of a community HIV/STD prevention project . METHODS: Two mobile clinics were deployed to areas near mine hostels frequented by sex workers and their clients. Peer educators encouraged all women at
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1151)
Kimani J, Kaul R, Ngugi EN, Bwayo JJ, Fonck K, MacDonald KS, Temmerman M, Moses S;;; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: STI are common in FSWs, increase HIV susceptibility and are often asymptomatic. Antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce risk for STI acquisition, thus reducing risk of HIV infection. We designed a clinical trial to assess if antibiotic prophylaxis reduces HIV acquisition in FSWs. METHODS: In May 1998 we establish
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1152)
Ramos ER, Wi T, Steen R, Esguerra TA, Roces MC, Lim-Quizon MC, Dallabetta G, Neilsen G;;; Family Health International, Manila, Philippines
BACKGROUND: This intervention-linked research in Angeles City aimed to (a) rapidly reduce the prevalence of common curable STDs and (b) maintain STD reductions over time. METHODOLOGY: A targeted strategy was employed with a single round of azithromycin presumptive treatment (PT) given to all sex workers (SW) reached du
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1153)
Wolday D, Mariam Z, Mohammed Z, Dorigo-Zetsma W, Girma M, Meles H, Seme W, Sanders E, Geyid A, Mayaan S;;; Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP), Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Although syndromic treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has been shown to reduce HIV incidence, .its impact in reducing HIV shedding in genital secretions is hardly known. Moreover, the impact among patients in whom STD treatment is not successful has not been previously studied. The objectives
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrD1154)
Nkatha C, Akach E, Vallely A, Mackay B;;; Steadman Research, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Many people with STDs seek private treatment. In a DFID-funded project managed by Futures Group, AMREF has trained 600 qualified private providers in syndromic management. Steadman Research was hired to answer questions on what STD patients actually did. METHODS: A household survey established levels of STD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1155)
Ward KL, Butler N, Mugabo P, Schwarcz SK, McFarland W, Klausner J;;; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND. South Africa has one of the fastest growing HIV-1 epidemics in the world. As STIs have been associated with incident HIV infections, the control of STIs, using syndromic management, is one of the main strategies to reduce the HIV transmission. Currently pharmacists are not allowed to diagnose and treat STIs
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1196)
Hoff CC, Faigeles B, Wolitski R, Purcell D, Gomez C, Parsons J;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND. Studies among serodiscordant heterosexual couples report that many of those who report using condoms 100% of the time also engage in dipping . Dipping is defined as one or two very brief acts of unprotected penetrative intercourse that does not culminate in ejaculation often considered play or teasing . HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1197)
Calzavara L, Burchell A, Remis RS, Major C, Medved W, Corey P, Myers T, Millson P, Wallace E; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: In our study, delayed application of condoms for receptive anal sex (RAS) was found to be an important predictor of HIV infection among MSM. The objective of the present analysis was to explore the prevalence and correlates of this behaviour. METHODS: Recent seroconverters (cases) were determined based on H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1198)
Rosser BR, Barnes V;;; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention - IRS, Center for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: As part of the first study of HIV prevention in rural states of the USA, we sought to identify state-level characteristics of successful HIV prevention. METHODS: In 2001, in 13 states with MSM-dominant epidemics, the author conducted structured interviews with 80 key informants (state AIDS directors, CDC pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1199)
Shoptaw S, Reback CJ, Larkins S, Peck J, Sanders III E;;; Friends Research Institute/UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Gay/bisexual men in Los Angeles who abuse methamphetamine represent a group at extreme risk for HIV infection due to associations between sexual risk behaviors and drug use. Our NIDA-funded trial evaluated the relative efficacy of relapse prevention (RP; n=41), contingency management (CM; n=42), their combi
BACKGROUND: To assess, among gay and bisexual men in England and Wales, the attributable risk associated with seven behaviours thought to be likelihood of condom failure during insertive anal intercourse. METHODS: |2462 men surveyed in the Summer 2001, using a self-completion, self-sealing, freepost-addressed leaflet q
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1201)
Flowers P, Knussen C, Church S;;; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To describe the relationship between HIV testing and a range of psychosocial, sexual and socio-demographic variables. METHOD: Trained sessional research staff administered a self-complete questionnaire in the gay bars of Glasgow and Edinburgh, in summer 2000. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 803 me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1233)
Potter W, Gerofi J, Pope M, Farley TM;;; Stapleford Scientific Services, Cambridge, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The female condom is an alternative means to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections for women, particularly in situations where partners are reluctant or refuse to use male condoms. The high cost of the device is a barrier to use in resource-poor settings. Some re-use has been reporte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1234)
Magalhaes J, Iuspa AS, Costa S, Barbosa RM, Guarabyra AS, Amaral E;;; StateUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP) / Centro Corsini, Campinas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: There are few prospectives studies of female condom use among HIV infected women. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was performed to evaluate the acceptance, adhesion, and use of female condom among 76 HIV infected women assisted at the Genital Infections-II Outpatient Clinic/UNICAMP and Centro Corsi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1235)
Wilson T, Walter E, Koenig L, Ickovics J, Fernandez I;;; State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United States
BACKGROUND. Study objectives were to describe pregnancy intentions and correlates of condom use among postpartum women with HIV infection. METHODS. Between 1996-1998, 334 HIV-infected women were recruited from prenatal clinics in the US; FL, NY, NC, CT. Of these, 257 (77%) completed two interviews (in the prenatal peri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1236)
van der Straten A, Posner SF, Mapfumo O, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Chipato T, Callahan M, Padian N;;; Department of OBGYN, University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: In Zimbabwe where HIV prevalence is over 30%, alternative methods to condoms are urgently needed. This is an ongoing cohort study to assess acceptability and use over time of diaphragms with KY jelly among women who are inconsistent condom users. METHODS: Women first enroll in a 2-month condom intervention
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1237)
Smit JA, Mqhayi M, McFadyen ML, Mestry K, Morroni C, Kubeka M, Beksinska M;;; Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
BACKGROUND: Modern contraceptive use is high amongst South African women and contraceptives are most often obtained at public sector primary care clinics where they are available free. This means that many sexually active women visit state clinics. Prevalence of HIV and STIs is unprecedently high in South Africa and fa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1238)
El-Bassel N, Witte SS, Gilbert L, Wu E, Chang M, Hill J;;; Columbia University School of Social Work Social Intervention Group, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, examined the efficacy of a relationship-based HIV/STD prevention intervention among couples (adult female clinic patients and their regular, male sexual partners). METHODS: A randomized clinical trial: 217 couples were randomized to either (1) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1156)
Shetty V;;; Transgender, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: The physical and ritual statuses of transgender persons in India have a huge impact on HIV prevention efforts in the MSM sector in India. An effort has been made here to classify the hijra community into various ritual categories based on their castrated and non-castrated status and how many of them are in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1157)
Rose VK, Scheer S, Shafer KP, Balls J, McFarland WC;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
ISSUES: A recent study among the estimated 3000 transgendered people in San Francisco revealed a significantly higher HIV prevalence among the African American transgender population than other racial/ethnic transgendered groups. Sexual and drug use behavior was determined to be similar among transgendered people of al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1158)
Gupta A;;; Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit, Mumbai, India
ISSUES: Eunuchs are a community of transgender/transsexual people in India often thought of as a third sex . Law is silent when it comes to recognising them as a third sex - a popular demand made by the eunuch community. DESCRIPTION: This paper highlights the implications of this denial. Indian administration requires
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1159)
Sausa LA;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: A qualitative study was conducted which examined the HIV prevention and educational needs of trans youth in Philadelphia. A trans youth was defined as including transgendered and transexual youth, ages 14-21, who reassigned the sex they were labeled at birth, and/or whose gender expression is considered by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1160)
Rudy JK, Davis G, Rudy DC, Williams N;;; Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
ISSUES: Since the epidemic began, people with HIV/AIDS have been rejected by mainstream society because of fear and misunderstanding. Perhaps no other group has felt this stigma more than transsexual people with AIDS. Born physically one sex, but emotionally the other, transsexual people are often outcast from their fa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1161)
Bockting W, Gurak L, Miner M, Robinson B, Rosser BR, Raman S, Coleman E;;; Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
BACKGROUND: Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, this study examines the influence of gender identity and role, related social stigma, and internalized transphobia on HIV risk and protective behaviors. METHODS: Due to challenges with their gender identity, transgender individuals have a heightened awareness
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1202)
Sentumbwe S, Nakkazi DS, Nantege N;;; Centre For Peace Research, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Sections 131-134 of the penal code of Uganda outlaws prostitution. This study assessed commercial sex worker s (CSWs) knowledge and perceptions of the current legislation and analysed how the law has fuelled sex trade and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among CSWs. METHODS:: A cross-sectional study amon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1203)
Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, McIntyre JA, Gray GE;;; Gender and Health Group, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: Self-identified sex workers have long been recognized as a risk group for HIV, but sex work represents only one end of a broad spectrum of transactional sexual behaviour. Little research to date has explored the prevalence of transactional sexual exchanges in a general population sample. METHODS: We inter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1204)
Ankomah A, Ladipo O, Akinyemi Z, Odusote T, Anyanti J;;; Society for Family Health, Lagos, Nigeria
BACKGROUND. Nigeria is a highly religious society where many people rely on God for all types of protection. Given the obvious link between unprotected intercourse and HIV/AIDS, especially in sex work, it was considered necessary to explore the extent to which sex workers self-assessment of risk depended on their faith
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1205)
Csepe P, Forrai J, Kelly JA, Amirkhanian YA, Mocsonaki L;;; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
BACKGROUND: In Hungary men who have sex with men account for a high proportion of HIV infections. Male sex workers are usually considered to be at high risk in the HIV epidemic. METHODS: A total of 469 men who have sex with men surveyed in Budapest gay community venues in 2001. Men completed a self-administered questio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1206)
Coussey DA;;; West Africa AIDS Foundation, Accra, Ghana
ISSUES: At a daily infection rate of 200 people and a prevalence rate of 4.6%, the possibility that the newly emergent phenomenon of child sex tourism within Ghana s thriving tourism industry could be a potential contributor to the above given statistics, (which represents a predominantly heterosexual society) does exi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1207)
Bamne AR, Kunte SJ, Gogate AS, Khetarpal MN;;; Mumbai districts AIDS control society, Mumbai, India
ISSUE: Socially deprived & vulnerable group i.e. Eunuchs with their changing lifestyle for earning are indulging into the anal & oral sex, are at highest risk for STD/HIV infection. But there are no health & other program for them by community group or government. Hence, there was urgent need to recognize
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1239)
Ferrer LM, Ramirez-Valles J, Kegeles S, Rebehook G;;; University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Community Involvement (CI) has shown to be an HIV risk protective factor. However, little research on young gay/bisexual men s CI has been done in the United States . The goal of this study is to examine correlates (e.g., sexual self-identity, self-esteem, and social support) of CI among Latino and White yo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1240)
Joseph S;;; Visva Bharati University, Sriniketan, Kolkata, India
Different forms of same-sex sexualities among males coexists in India . Some of them are the continuation of the traditional forms of transgenderal, transgenerational or class-structured homosexuality and the others are expressions of modern egalitarian form of same-sex sexualities. The objective of this study is to ac
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1241)
Stevenson LY, Seal DW, Peterson JL, Stokes JP, Guenther-Grey C, Choi K, O'Donnell L;;; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
BACKGROUND: Safer sex negotiation and condom use are rarely included in people s ideal sexual scripts (a term referring to patterns of behavior that lead to sex). Effective safer sex negotiation requires explicit talk about taboo sexual topics that reduce the pleasure and spontaneity of erotic, emotionally intimate, or
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrE1242)
Wheeler DP, Stackhouse W, Larson B, Dacus J, Jones KT;;; Hunter College School of Social Work, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiologic data suggests that the rate of HIV infection among African-American MSM is as high as 33% in some geographic areas of the US. This infection rate is contrasted to the lower seroprevalence among White (US) MSMs. To-date definitive and re-solvable explanations have proven elusive. Further
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1243)
Koukharski AA, Kelly JA;;; Gay Rights Krilija Center, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
Russia is experiencing one of the sharpest increases in HIV and STD incidence in the world. Due to this the research of risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) is very actual. The St. Petersburg Gay and Lesbian Rights Krilija Center in association with the Medical College of Wisconsin held a sociological
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1244)
Dowsett GW, Wain D, Peterson K, Voon D;;; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health &Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: This study investigated Australian gay men who inject drugs (GMIDU) in Melbourne, focusing on the relationship between gay culture, recreational sex & drug use, & injecting drug use (IDU) within that culture. Sex between men and IDU together account for 4% of cumulative HIV infections, in comparison
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1162)
Gandolfi D;;; Program of STD/AIDS of Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUE: 25% of the AIDS cases reported in Brazil are directly (IDU) or indirectly (their partners or sons) related to injecting drug use. Only 8.22% of the estimated IDU were reached by prevention and/or harm reduction projects. DESCRIPTION: Since the difficulties to reach this group was linked to prejudices and legal p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1163)
Vuong TH, Pham HT, Chu AQ, Le YN, Dang KV, Nguyen KT;;; United Nations International Drug Control Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
ISSUES: Reported HIV cases have been rapidly increased in northern Vietnam since 1993 with cases predominantly in injection drug users (IDU). To address this, the National AIDS Standing Bureau of Vietnam piloted a three-year HIV prevention project for IDU through harm reduction interventions (Project AD/VIE97/B07 1997-
Belarus officials first took aggressive action against rapidly expanding drug use in 1997, when a new government policy was unveiled that supports harm reduction efforts. Although the countrys drug laws prohibit the production, possession and sale of drugs, drug use itself and needle exchange programs are not prohibi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1165)
Birkhead GS, Klein SJ, Candelas AR, Plavin HA, Narcisse-Pean M;;; NYS Dept of Health AIDS Institute, Albany NY, United States
ISSUES: As of June 2000, 52% of 140,000 reported NYS AIDS cases were related to injection drug use. Ensuring access to sterile injection equipment and safe disposal of used syringes requires multiple strategies. DESCRIPTION: ESAP is a time-limited pilot program of non-prescription syringe sales by registered providers.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1166)
Rodes A, Suarez M, Menoyo C, De la Fuente L, Bolea A, Parras F;;; Secretaria del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, Spain
ISSUES: In Spain , AIDS incidence in 2000 was 59 cases per million with three out of five cases being among intravenous drug users (IDU). HIV prevalence amongst IDUs ranges 11-47% and syringe sharing between 20-30%. DESCRIPTION: Interventions among IDUs were introduced and expanded in 1993 when prevalence was high. Key
ISSUES. An injection room increases the impact of harm reduction in reducing the risks of HIV and hepatitis transmission due to poor injecting conditions. It also offers to IDUs the perspective of finding a place where they will be listened to, offered information, prevention means or a coffee. It reduces the social im
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1208)
Sherr KH, Jacqueta F, Gimbel-Sherr SO, Soares A, Gloyd S, Mercer MA;;; Health Alliance International, Chimoio, Mozambique
BACKGROUND: In Central Mozambique the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reached catastrophic proportions, with prevalence rates as high as 31% found during year 2000 sentinel surveillance. Interventions to date have focused on prevention via mass media and social marketing of condoms, resulting in high knowledge of HIV transmissio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1209)
Power L, Kinniburgh J, Cairns G;;; Terrence Higgins Trust, London, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Many PWHIV were asking for action against discrimination, but review showed no recent research into extent or types of anti-PWHIV discrimination in the UK. DESCRIPTION: As part of a national consultation with PWHIV on a governmental HIV strategy, questionnaire respondents were asked whether they had experienced
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1210)
George B, Jadav S, Mahendra VS, Mudoi RJ, Samson L, Gilborn L;;; SHARAN, New Delhi, India
ISSUES: Fears and misconceptions affect attitudes of health care workers (HCWs), which can lead to stigma and discrimination towards PLHA in health care settings. Data from baseline survey of doctors, nurses, ward boys and sweepers in 3 participating hospitals in Delhi, India , guided development
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1211)
Ochieng DS, Muturi CN, Ngunjiri P;;; Family Health International, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUES: Stigma against HIV/AIDS causes loss of self-esteem among children clouding their judgement and risk perception leading to risky sexual practices. Parental suffering and death from AIDS inflicts emotional trauma on children whose lack of knowledge of the cause makes them anxious and depressed. Learning the paren
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1212)
Kopoka P, Nyblade L, Mbwambo J, Kilonzo G, Mathur S, MacQuarrie K;;; University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
ISSUES: HIV-related stigma and resulting discrimination is increasingly recognized as a significant barrier to HIV programming yet little data exists to guide programs and policies aiming to address stigma. DESCRIPTION: During a research project to understand HIV-related stigma in Tanzania , a 4week training of rese
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1213)
Okta S, Murni S, Merati TP;;; Spiritia Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia
ISSUE: Human rights violations against people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) in Indonesia happened frequently in the last decade, including by mass media and authorities. So far they are seen as occasional cases, therefore not taken seriously. PWHA themselves are not informed about their rights; they seldom act upon the violatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1250)
Marima R;;; PSG, Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: R. Marima, N. Dube and D. Wilson, L. Mhuriyengwe, P. Mukwashi, R. Khathuria, and C. Oosteinhuizen (Project Support Group, University of Zimbabwe , University of Zambia , Project Support Association Southern Africa) Introduction: Home care faces three major limitations: coverage is limited; care is expensive; a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1251)
Siraprapasiri T, Rumakom P, Baker S, Kantayaporn T, Pluempitiwiriyawej S, Kitsuwvanaratana S, Rattanamoonpanya S, Wongvichai Y, Nisawatthananun P;;; AIDS Division, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates a manual and training for family caregivers and Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) on how to care for PLHA. The manual focused on the physical and psychological needs of PLHA. METHODS: The study used a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control areas and was conducted between
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1252)
Esu-Williams E, Chomba M, Chambeshi-Moyo M, Motsepe J;;; Population Council/Horizons Program, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: In many sub-Sahara African countries, young people are caring for family members with HIV/AIDS, often unaware of their condition and without necessary skills. Access to care for PLHA is impeded by silence, stigma and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS. Involving young people in care may not only enhance the well bei
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1253)
Bacon CJ, Kukhala G, Kaphera I, Mgori E;;; Blantyre Christian Centre, Blantyre, Malawi
ISSUES: Many chronically sick people are cared for at home. In Malawi caring for the sick is traditionally a woman s task, with little male participation. Most home based care (HBC) volunteers are women. How do we overcome this, and mobilise men for HBC? DESCRIPTION: Blantyre Christian Centre has trained, and supported
ISSUES: Malawi is one of the worst HIV and AIDS affected country in the world creating an ever-increasing burden on existing health services and communities. In a rural district, a dynamic has been created and volunteers at community level are playing major roles in caring for people living with AIDS(PLWAs), providing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1255)
Green KE, Chum C, Moth SK, Suon BH, Ma SS;;; CARE International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
ISSUES: Annually, thousands of Cambodian women and men migrate to border areas in search of economic opportunities. Without family and community support networks, economic migrants are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS/STI, violence and social marginalization. Mobile people with HIV/AIDS are far less likely to be supported b
ISSUES: International legal obligations and sound public health practice require that policies and programs to reduce the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS respect human rights. In practice, difficulties arise in the design and delivery of rights-based HIV/AIDS programs. This is partly because some donors are still conside
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1169)
Ezeilo JN;;; Women's Aid Collective, Enugu, Nigeria
ISSUES: There has been a number of litigation in Africa on HIV/AIDs whether dealing with human rights of people living with HIV/AIDs or people affected by it. Issues relating to informed consent for test, breach of confidentiality, discrimination in employment, right to treatment/access to drugs- based on the right to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1170)
Loon KV, Lindegger GC, Slack CM;;; HIV AIDS Vaccines Ethics Group, School of Psychology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
ISSUES: This research is part of a broader project on informed consent by the HIV AIDS Vaccines Ethics Group. The implementation of informed consent in clinical trials generally, and HIV vaccine trials specifically, presents a variety of challenges in the South African setting, such as how to protect vulnerable partici
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1171)
Varas-Diaz N, Toro-Alfonso J;;; University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
ISSUES: Among the many efforts developed to stop the HIV/AIDS epidemic throughout the world, policy implementation has been one of the most controversial. Through policy governments throughout the world have implemented procedures to stop the spread of the disease which at times hinder human rights of people living wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1172)
Stoltz, Jurgens R, Patterson D;;; Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network/Goodman and Carr LLP, Toronto, Canada
ISSUES: Military services of different states have taken different approaches to the HIV testing of military recruits and personnel. Some have adopted policies of voluntary HIV testing and retention of persons testing HIV positive; others have implemented programmes of mandatory testing and exclusion or restriction fro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1173)
Carvalho I, Varela C, Maia B;;; Grupo Pela VIDDA-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ISSUES: People affected by the epidemic in Brazil are mostly low-income people, sometimes living in extreme poverty. This people, who have mostly elementary education only, do not know their basic rights. They represent the target public of the Legal Advice and Support by Grupo Pela VIDDA-RJ. The free legal service is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrG1214)
Zoungrana JB, Tall M, Nyameogo J, Koama JB, Some PA, Renterghem HL, Lamizana M;;; Ministry of Social wellfare, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
ISSUES: With an HIV prevalence of 6,4% Burkina Faso is 2nd hardest hit country in West Africa. The number of AIDS orphans is estimated at 320.000. Due to weak capacity of existing structures and programs care and support for OVC falls upon families and communities. Increasingly communities caring for OVC address social
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1215)
Giese S, Meintjes H, Proudlock P;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
ISSUES: The national children s forum on HIV/AIDS was held in South Africa in August 2001. The forum aimed to: 1. Provide children affected by HIV/AIDS with the opportunity to be heard. 2. Produce a memorandum of action that highlights the issues raised by the children and ensures a commitment from relevant stakeholder
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1216)
Harrison KJ, Chan SL, Edstrom J;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Children are affected by AIDS in a variety of ways. It is difficult to establish the numbers of vulnerable children, to keep track of the support provided, and to decide if they are benefiting. DESCRIPTION: KHANA, a partner of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, brought over thirty Cambodian NGOs together to s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1217)
Vogli RD, Birbeck GL;;; Reference Center for the Regional Epidemiological System, Veneto Region &UCLA School of Public Health, Castelfranco Veneto (TV), Italy
ISSUE: This review examines the potential effect of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank adjustment policies on children s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of a conceptual model consisting of five different pathways connecting major components of adjustment policies with increase
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1218)
Mehra S, Negi RS, Kole SK;;; MAMTA, New Delhi, India
ISSUES: In India recent statistics indicate, HIV/AIDS in 15-29 yrs has increased to 41.3%. Reproductive & sexual health (RSH) of young people is major concern as 82.6% of the infection is reported by sexual transmission. For a holistic approach, it is important to create the policies/program environment in which is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1219)
Linsangan RA, Auditor A, Aquino C, D'Agnes L;;; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Makati, Philippines
ISSUES: Girls of minority age are put at risk of HIV infection because they constitute a good proportion of street- and brothel-based sex workers. While there are laws and policies that mandate the protection of children from abuses, local community efforts are lacking in support of their protection. DESCRIPTION: An ad
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1245)
Forsythe SS, Laurence C, Stover J, Bausch J, Deering J, Foreit K;;; The Futures Group International, Washington DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Various multinational corporations have recently decided to offer ARVs and other medical care to their HIV-infected employees in developing countries. This decision has been justified, at least in part, on the economic grounds of keeping employees productive and reducing the financial burden on companies as
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1246)
Srithanaviboonchai K, Leusaree T, Lo YR, Sennun R, Natpratan C;;; Office of Communicable Disease Control Region10, Chiang Mai, Thailand
ISSUES: In 2000, the Thai Ministry of Public Health initiated the Access to Care pilot program to evaluate the feasibility of the administration of free HAART in a cohort of HIV infected patients. The objectives were to identify critical issues for implementation prior to further expansion of the program. DESCRIPTION:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1247)
Kenyon CR, Boulle A;;; Health Systems Trust, Cape Town, South Africa
ISSUES: Many cost-effectiveness analyses on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) programmes in high HIV-prevalence countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have concluded that such programmes are unaffordable. DESCRIPTION: This paper argues that these previous cost-effectiveness studies have made two crucial errors wh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1248)
Masaki E, Green R;;; University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent price reductions for Anti-Retroviral (ARV) therapy have produced claims that wide-scale access to ARV s produces savings by avoiding the cost of opportunistic infections. These claims suggest greater cost-effectiveness of ARV therapy, possibly altering the structure of the budgetary trade-offs faced
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1249)
Laborde-Balen G, Taverne B, Diop MD, Ndoye I, Laniece I;;; Universite de Pau, Pau, France
BACKGROUND: The role that social protection systems may play is often brought up concerning the long lasting financing mechanism of medical management and anti-retroviral medication in Africa. In Senegal , despite a government subsidy of ARV and biological examinations [viral load, CD4 count], the medical treatment is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4338)
Pushkarsky T, Yurchenko V, Sherry B, Bukrinsky M;;; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitously distributed intracellular protein belonging to the immunophilin family. CyPA possesses peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and plays an important role in protein folding. In addition, CyPA is incorporated into HIV-1 virions and regulates an early step of HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4339)
Matthias LJ, Yam PT, Donoghue N, Hogg PJ;;; Centre for Thrombosis and Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: CD4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors and is the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The extracellular portion of CD4 is a concatenation of four immunoglobulin-like domains, D1 to D4. There are three disulfide bonds in CD4, one each in the D1, D2 and D4 doma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4340)
Hayes P, Datta D, Miao Y, Vingerhoets J, Fordel E, McKenna P, Pozniak A, Gazzard B;;; Chelsea &Westminster hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is common in HIV infection and is primarily due to infection with opportunistic intestinal pathogens. But such pathogens are undetectable in some HIV patients presenting with diarrhoea, with intestinal HIV replication proposed as a cause of such pathology. The aim of this study was to assess the e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4341)
Sharova N, Sharkey M, Brichacek B, Stevenson M;;; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
BACKGROUND: In order to better understand the role of MA in the HIV-1 replication process, we are characterizing MA mutant viruses that are replication-deficient. The gag MA gene of HIV-1 encodes the matrix protein that has been reported to be involved in several essential steps in the viral lifecycle. Reported activit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4342)
Bouhlal H, Chomont N, Haeffner-Cavaillon N, Kazatchkine M, Belec L, Hocini H;;; INSERM U430, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France
In the present study, we demonstrate that both X4 and R5-tropic HIV-1 strains are able to infect the human epithelial cell line HT-29. Infection was enhanced two fold when HIV was added to semen prior to contact with the cell cultures. The enhancing effect of semen was complement-dependent as evidenced by blockage, by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4343)
Peden K, Omeir R, Solow R, Foley J, Liao F, Farber J;;; CBER/FDA, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: While CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors used by HIV-1 for viral entry in vivo, several additional coreceptors, termed alternative coreceptors, have been shown to support infection in vitro by HIV-1 and/or SIV. Whether alternative coreceptors have a role in vivo remains to be demonstrated. They may fu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4344)
Pastore C, Picchio G, Galimi F, Mosier DE;;; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The function of CCR5 in virus entry is unclear, but it appears to be distinct from its physiological role as a signaling chemokine receptor. METHODS: Full length or mutated CCR5 molecules were stably expressed in MT-2 cells following transduction with lentiviral vectors. The efficiency of infection with R5
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4345)
Ketas TJ, Frank I, Sullivan B, Spenlehauer C, Nesin M, Moore JP, Pope M, Olson WC;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
HIV-1 entry into target cells proceeds via a cascade of events involving gp120-CD4 attachment, gp120-coreceptor interactions, and gp41-mediated fusion; and inhibitors of each step have entered human clinical testing. PRO 542 (CD4-IgG2) is a third-generation, tetravalent CD4-based protein that potently neutralizes prima
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4346)
Tardif M, Tremblay MJ;;; Centre de recherche en infectiologie, pavillon CHUL, CHUQ,, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
BACKGROUND: The incorporation of host-derived ICAM-1 into HIV-1 markedly enhances virus infectivity suggesting that the presence of ICAM-1 might play an important role in cell tropism and pathogenesis. While this phenomenon is dependent of the engagement of ICAM-1 to LFA-1, it is not known yet wether the presence of IC
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4347)
Puffer BA, Carlin D, Doms RW;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: A number of well characterized SIV Envs have the ability to facilitate entry of CD4 negative, coreceptor positive cells. Viruses encoding CD4-independent Envs exhibit reduced pathogenesis, altered cellular tropism, and neutralization sensitivity. We examined closely related CD4-dependent and CD4-independent
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4348)
Persico T, Savasi V, Semprini AE, Lanzani C, Serafini P, Grandi MD, Seta SL, Crivelli M, Ferrazzi E;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Luigi Sacco Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: To Evaluate if sperm washing for HIV-1 serodiscordant couples represents a risk reducing option and to assess which semen fraction acts as a specific vehicle for HIV-1 transmission.METHODS: Semen samples from HIV-1 positive patients were separated into spermatozoa, non sperm cells (NSCs), and seminal plasma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4349)
Jobes DV, Daoust M, Nguyen VT, Crandall K, Sinangil F, Berman P;;; VaxGen, Inc., S. San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: An effective AIDS vaccine is the only practical solution to the AIDS epidemic; however, antigenic diversity is the main hurdle to developing an efficacious AIDS vaccine. Using one of the most up to date collections of incident infections from viruses found circulating throughout North America, we are conduc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4350)
Domenech FN, Rafii S, Jamiluddin MF, Laurence J;;; Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: We hypothesize that many cases of HIV-linked thrombocytopenia are a consequence of an HIV-mediated defect in SDF1-directed megakaryocyte migration through bone marrow stroma, a process critical to platelet release. This hypothesis is supported by the finding from Dr. Lee Ratner s lab that the bone marrow of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4351)
Argirova R, Savov A, Tolchkov V, Kremensky I, Raleva S, Froloshka L, Markova R, Terzieva V;;; Lab. for Retroviruses, Sofia, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: Although intensive studies of chemokine receptor genes, their role alone or especially in combinations remains unclear. The aim of this work is to study genetic polymorphism of CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 in HIV(+) Bulgarian individuals and analyze the results towards disease progression. METHODS: Totally 63 HIV(+
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4352)
Nankya IL, Kaleebu P, Beddows S, Yirrell D, Morgan D, Weber J, Whitworth JA;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS-Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 disease progression is not uniform among individuals due to a number of factors. We have reported minor differences in disease progression that is, subtype D progressing faster than A. Studies done elsewhere have shown that CCR5 using viruses are slow growing and detected early in infection; on the ot
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4353)
Ahr B, Robert-Henmann V, Roland J, Murphy BJ, Delauzun V, Devaux C, Biard-Piechaczyk M;;; student, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: The major coreceptor for HIV-infection, CXCR4, is a Gi protein-coupled chemokine receptor that triggers multiple intracellular signals in response to SDF-1. SDF-1-mediated signaling plays a major physiological role. Calcium mobilization and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation are Gi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4354)
Bobardt M, Saphire A, Gallay P;;; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
A growing body of evidence suggests that HIV attached to the surface of nonpermissive cells represents a source of infectivity for permissive cells. Specifically, HIV attached to dendritic cells via DC-SIGN is more infectious than cell-free virus indicating that attachment to cell-surface molecules may preserve and enh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4355)
Malaza AL, Louscher S, Puren A, Ramjee G, Karim SA, Williamson C;;; University of Cape Town, Division of Virology, Observatory, South Africa
BACKGROUND: A cohort of female sex workers have been identified who remain HIV-1 negative despite repeated exposures. Cells from these women were susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro and neither CCR5~32 nor CCR5m303 mutations were detected. In this study we investigated the role of four CCR5 promoter polymorphisms o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4356)
Zheng BJ, Lee SS, Wong KH, Chan KC, Zhu NS, Chan SC;;; HIV Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
BACKGROUND: Recent research has demonstrated an association between mutation of some chemokine receptors, for example, CCR5, and disease progression in HIV infection. Ethnic difference in such mutation has been reported. The present study is designed to determine the relationship between CCR5 mutations with disease pro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4357)
Ludewick HP, Jeena[tab][tab][tab] P, Soodyall[tab][tab][tab][tab], H, Chetty K, Naran N, Mendelow B, Willem P;;; NHLS/University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Genetic variants in the chemokines and chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR2 and SDF1 affects HIV-1 susceptibility. The distribution and associations of these variants with disease progression are well documented among people of European descent. The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of the C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4358)
lvarez CP, Carrillo J, Lasala F, Muniz O, Corbi AL, Delgado R;;; Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Ebola Virus (EV) is a highly lethal pathogen responsible for several outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever. The cellular factors implicated in Ebola Virus cell entry remain largely unknown. DC-SIGN and its homologue L-SIGN have been shown to bind most lentiviruses of primates: HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV, although they d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4359)
Bandres JC, Staudinger R;;; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
BACKGROUND.We studied the biochemical interactions between HIV gp120 and CXCR4 or CCR5, principal coreceptors for X4 viruses or R5 viruses, and compared it with the ones between these chemo-receptors and natural ligands stromal derivative factor-1 (SDF-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta. RESULTS. Gp120
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4360)
dros D, Reeves JD, Thorstensson R, Fenyo EM, Doms RW;;; Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: SIV infection of macaques is used as a model system for HIV infection of humans, and it is important to compare the biological features of the two systems. We have previously characterized the co-receptor use of sequential isolates from 8 cynomolgus macaques. Here we describe the biological properties of en
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4362)
Sol-Foulon N, Moris A, Nobile C, Boccaccio C, Engering A, Abastado JP, Heard JM, van Kooyk Y, Schwartz O;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell (DC)-specific lectin, mediates clustering of DCs with T lymphocytes, a crucial event in the initiation of immune responses. DC-SIGN also binds HIV envelope glycoproteins, allowing efficient virus capture by DCs. We show here that DC-SIGN surface levels are up-regulated in HIV-1-infected DCs. T
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4363)
Olson WC, Tsurushita N, Hinton PR, Xiong J, Ketas TJ, Sullivan BM, Nagashima KA, Tsamis F, Dragic T, Queen CL, Maddon PJ;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: CCR5 is a requisite fusion coreceptor for primary HIV-1 isolates and provides a promising target for antiviral therapy. We have generated a unique anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) known as PRO 140, which inhibits HIV-1 entry at concentrations that do not affect CCR5 s chemokine receptor activity (Olson e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4364)
Acosta AX, Grimaldi RS, Spinola JL, Bernardo-Castro B;;; Laboratorio avancado de Saude Publica - Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz - Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The CCR2 is a receptor for MCP-1 (CC chemokine) and is a member of the superfamily of the seven transmembrane domain G protein-acoupled receptors, the largest receptor superfamily in the human genome. The CCR2 acts as a correceptor for the HIV-1 entry in the target cells, and his gene is situated in 3p21 ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4365)
Madhava V, Feldman J, Philpott S, Augenbraum M, Burger H, Cohen M, Young M, Anastos K;;; Montefiore Medical Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Homozygous mutation (D32, D32) of CCR5 co-receptor gene is known to prevent HIV infection and heterozygosity (D32, Wild Type-WT) is partially protective. There is conflicting evidence on the association of Hepatitis C (HCV) infection and mutation of the CCR5 co-receptor. METHODS: Among 2518 participants in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4366)
Agrawal L, Alkhatib G;;; Indiana University, Indianapolis, United States
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) employs CD4 and a coreceptor, principally the CCR5 and/or CXCR4 chemokine receptors, for entry into host cells. The central role of CCR5 in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis has been high-lighted by the epidemiological and genetic identification of powerful disease modifyin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4367)
Chen SS, Lee SF, Wang CT, Ko CY;;; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
BACKGROUND: To understand the role of the lentivirus lytic peptide-1 (LLP-1) region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 in virus infection and envelope (Env) stability. METHODS: Deletion and substitution mutant viruses of the HXB2 strain of HIV-1 were constructed by site-d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4368)
Wang CT, Chiu HC;;; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Pr160gag-pol is thought to be incorporated into virus particles via interaction with the Pr55gag through its N-terminal Gag domain. To define a minimal sequence required for efficiet incorporation of the Pr160gag-pol into virus particles, a series of Gag-Pol constructs with various deletions in the ga
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4369)
Javanbakht H, Wainberg MA, Kleiman L;;; Lady Daivs Institute 3755 Cote St Catherine H3T 1E2, Montreal, Canada
During HIV-1 assembly, tRNALys is selectively packaged into the virus, where tRNALys3 serves as the primer for reverse transcription. Because lysyl tRNA synthetase( LysRS) is also selectively incorporated into HIV-1, it is a strong candidate for being the signal by which viral proteins interact with tRNALys isoacceptor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4370)
Victoria JG, Lee DJ, McDougall BR, Robinson WE Jr.;;; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, United States
BACKGROUND: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing fluorescent probes are a sensitive measure of HIV-1 replication. We hypothesized that oligonucleotide primers and the fluorescent dye SYBR-I green could be used to measure the replication kinetics of SIV and HIV-1 from multiple clades. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4371)
Hazuda DJ;;; Merck and Co, West Point, United States
We have identified potent, small molecule inhibitors of HIV integrase (IN) that block HIV replication in cell culture. Viruses selected for growth in the presence of these inhibitors harbor a variety of mutations in the IN active site that engender varying degrees of resistance when introduced in combination. Strikingl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4372)
Cen S, Niu MJ, Shiba K, Musier-Forsyth K, Kleiman L;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
BACKGROUND: During HIV-1 assembly, the major human tRNALys isoacceptors, tRNALys1,2 and tRNALys3, are selectively packaged into the viruses. However, only tRNALys3 is placed onto the primer binding site on the viral RNA genome, where it acts as a primer for reverse transcription. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is also i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4373)
Cen S, Javanbakht H, Niu MJ, Wainberg MA, Kleiman L;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: During HIV-1 assembly in the cytoplasm of infected cells, a major polyprotein Pr55gag assembles into a Pr55gag complex. During this complex formation, cellular tRNALys33 is also packaged into virions, and used as primer for initiation of reverse transcription. This work is concerned with studying the step i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4374)
Jacque. JM, Stevenson M;;; UMASS Med. School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
BACKGROUND. RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in animals and plants, initiated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is homologous in sequence to the silenced gene. PTGS involves the generation of 21 to 26nt dsRNA fragments, generated by ribonulease II
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4375)
Giguere JF, Tremblay MJ;;; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHUL, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Canada
BACKGROUND: The full activation of T lymphocyte requires the participation of two signals: the recognition of the antigen presented by MHC-II to TCR and a co-signal given by B7/CD28. CTLA-4 is an homologue of CD28 that has been recognized as a negative signalling protein implicated in the down-regulation of the immune
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4376)
Phuphuakrat A, Sutthent R, Auewarakul P;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Switching of HIV-1 mRNA splicing patterns from predominately spliced to predominately unspliced pattern has been shown to associate with disease progression. Despite that, it was not known whether there were some viral factors that could contribute to this phenomenon. Variation in Rev response element (RRE)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4377)
Suptawiwat O, Sutthent R, Lee TH, Auewarakul P;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Expression of HIV-1 genes is regulated at multiple levels including the complex RNA splicing and transport mechanisms. Except for the Rev Response Element (RRE), there is no known cis regulatory element in HIV-1 env region that can control expression of other viral structural genes. Here we mapped the regul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4378)
von Gegerfelt A, Valentin A, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK;;; NCI-Frederick, Frederick, United States
BACKGROUND: The viral protein Rev is essential for the export of the subset of unspliced and partially spliced lentiviral mRNAs and the production of structural proteins. Rev and its RNA binding site RRE can be replaced in both HIV and SIV by the constitutive RNA transport element CTE of the simian type D retroviruses.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4379)
Poli G, Alfano M, Sidenius N, Blasi F;;; Dibit-Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is a critical enzyme involved in the inflammatory response and in the pathogenesis and malignancy of cancer, and its soluble level is a strong CD4-independent predictor of survival in HIV-1 infection. We investigated the potential effect of u-PA on HIV-1 replicati
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4380)
Halwani R, Khorchid A, Kleiman L;;; Mcgill aids center, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: During HIV-1 assembly, Gag-Pol is incorporated into the virus through interactions with Gag molecules. A significant portion of Gag in Cos1 cells was shown to be associated with barges (lipid raft complexes with higher buoyant densities than normal lipid rafts). RNA has been proposed to act as a scaffold fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4381)
Scriba TJ, Treurnicht FK, Janse van Rensburg E, Barnett SW, zur Megede JT;;; Department of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 accessory genes have received increased attention as components of HIV vaccines due to their role in viral pathogenesis, early expression and the high ratio of conserved CTL epitopes. Because of undesirable properties, questions regarding their safety and suitability as vaccine components are rais
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4382)
Cortes MJ, Arganaraz E, Lama J;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
BACKGROUND: Several in vitro functions have been attributed to the HIV Nef protein. Nef down-modulates CD4 and class I MHC. Nef also enhances viral infectivity. This function is mediated by CD4-dependent and CD4-independent mechanisms. We have investigated the mechanisms of enhancement of viral infectivity mediated by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4383)
Cohen EA, Yao XJ, Lemay J, Rougeau N, Clement M, Kurtz S, Belhumeur P;;; Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Vpr is a phosphorylated nuclear protein that is highly conserved among primate lentiviruses. In addition to facilitating the nuclear uptake of the viral pre-integration complex in non-dividing cells, Vpr prevents the passage of HIV-infected cells through mitosis at the G2 stage of the cell cycle to pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4384)
Asmuth DM, Wang N, Li XD, Terry NH, Pollard RB, Nokta M, Leary JF, White RA;;; Univ of Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Viruses manipulate host cell cycle (CC) regulatory genes and proteins to optimize productive infection. HIV is known to cause G2/M phase arrest. However, the CC phases durations have not been measured. Reasoning that virus-host cell interactions would result in perturbations of cell cycle kinetics (CCK), me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4385)
Mathew A, Ladha J, Mitra D;;; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: The Nef protein of HIV-1 has come a long way from a negative factor to now being regarded as one of the most important protein of the virus, responsible for establishment of infection and for pathogenesis. The role of Nef protein in HIV replication and gene expression still remains to be clearly elucidated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4386)
Chakraborty R, Reinis M, Philpott S, Dong T, Rostron T, Yang HB, Ogola S, Musoke R, D'Agostino A, Burger H, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones SL;;; Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying long-term survival (LTS) and slow disease progression are heterogeneous and include antiviral immune responses, viral attenuation, and host genetic determinants. Most studies of LTS have been conducted among Caucasian populations infected with clade B HIV-1. There is a paucity of s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4387)
Serra C, Delogu G, Ziccheddu M, Sale M, Olivetta E, Federico M, Dolei A;;; Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
BACKGROUND. It has been shown recently that recombinant HIV-1-nef (rNef) can enter uninfected human macrophages, possibly through phagocytic mechanisms, and exert biological effects, such as CD4 down-regulation and inhibition of M-tropic HIV replication. In order to understand the role of cells from human solid tissues
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4388)
Garcia JV, Gatlin J, Melkus M, Padgett A, Kelly P;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Background- HIV infection is characterized by a well defined series of immunological and neurological complications resulting in AIDS. Significant hematological complications accompany this disease. To investigate the role of HIV genes in these hematological abnormalities we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effect of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4389)
Gatlin J, Melkus M, Padgett A, Kelly P, Islas-Olmayer M, Garcia JV;;; U. T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Background- Hematopoietic suppression is a hallmark of advanced AIDS. To investigate the role of HIV genes in hematopoietic dysfunction we evaluated the effect of HIV-1 Tat expression on hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. Methods- A lentivirus vector for Tat expression was constructed. The effect of Tat expression on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4391)
Bennasser Y, Bahraoui E;;; University, Toulouse, France
BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected patients, production of IL-10, a highly immunosuppressive cytokine, is associated with the progression of the disease towards AIDS. HIV-1 Tat, a protein secreted by infected cells and found free in the plasma of HIV-infected patients where it can interact with both infected and non-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4392)
Sanchez PV, Malim MH;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: Vpr is an HIV-1 protein that is specifically incorporated into viral particles, arrests cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and provides a modest advantage to viral replication in non-dividing cells. The significance of this small enhancement of viral replication has proved difficult to analyze. Usin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4393)
Willey S, Roulet V, Reeves JD, McKnight A, gou B, Dejucq-Rainsford N;;; Wohl Virion Centre, UCL, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: It is now well established that the male reproductive tract harbours isolated reservoirs of HIV infection, however the exact sources of HIV in semen are still unknown. In the context of antiviral therapy, the identification of these sources is essential. In this respect, the testis could potentially play a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4394)
Chen L, Yue ST, Zhang L;;; Director, Yunnan Yuxi, China
BACKGROUND: Yunnan province is the most severe HIV infection area in China . In our current investigation, 192 IDUs have been screened for HIV infection with ELISA . 9 of the 98 HIV positives were suspected HIV-2 infection and further tested with Western-Blot(WB). 6 of the 9 samples were comfirmed HIV-2 infect
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4395)
pia N, Clotet B, Martinez MA;;; Fundacio irsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Assays for drug resistance testing in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) infection and treatment should be incorporated into patient management. In HIV-2 infected patients, data on drug resistance is very limited and no resistance mutation partners have been described. We present
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4396)
Stanczuk GA, Mashu A, Madzime S, Munjoma M, Sibanda EN;;; TCE Medical Headquarters, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: We have in the last decade conducted three surveys and tested 1463 men and women for the presence of HIV-2 infection. These studies included 1168 expectant mothers, 245 males attending genito-urinary clinics and cohort of 50 men and women who were screened prior to enrolment in a study. We have not found a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4397)
Nyamande K, John M, Lalloo UG;;; University of Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
Introduction: The aetiological agents studies of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) have been influenced by geographical location, completeness of diagnostic testing, population demographics and impact of the HIV epidemic. There has been no comprehensive study on the aetiology of CAP in South Africa since the adv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4398)
Azserzon A, Simioli R, Saidman G, Hirsch R;;; Buenos Aires, Argentina
Introduction: Children with compromised immunity are those who suffer from AIDS/HIV and who are confined in hospital in Unit 29 from September (1998) until August (2001). Cryptosporidiosis and Isosporidosis, among others, are described as intestine parasitosis which are makers in HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVES: Establish relatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4399)
Vzorov AN, Compans RW;;; Emory University, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Structural interactions between gp120 and gp41 of HIV modulate neutralization resistance, infectivity and fusogenicity. SIVmac239 and SIVmac1A11 are two closely related viruses with full length and truncated cytoplasmic tails respectively. . METHODS. For neutralization assay we used an indicator cell line w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4400)
Chakraborty J, Okonta H, Duggan J;;; Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, United States
BACKGROUND: Although several theories have been proposed for mother-to-child transmission (MCT) of HIV, the issue remains controversial. The barriers of MCT studies in humans are due to practical and ethical constraints involving human subjects. Therefore, small animal models are essential to obtain insight into the me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4401)
Mehta NM, Purohit A, Haag A, Mathur A, Joshi KC, Joshi R, Behra R;;; FXB Rajasthan, Jodhpur, India
BACKGROUND: The rate of HCV Infection prevalence is not known in most parts of India . However, HIV-HCV co-infected patients seem to clinically progress faster to AIDS than those HIV infected patients who are not co-infected with the HCV. Early detection of the co-infection is useful for both selection of antiretrovira
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4402)
Reddy R, Daftary MN, Delapenha RA, Frederick W;;; Howard University Hospital, Washington DC 20060, United States
Background -- While it is still not clear what role, if any, either HIV disease or HIV related treatment plays in the development of avascular necrosis (AVN), there are increasing numbers of cases reported with AVN in HIV patients. This paper aims to report 3 patients stable on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4403)
Reddy R, Mangru J, Hubley M, Mody V, Daftary M;;; Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, United States
Background-Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are susceptible to multi-organ disease with opportunistic infections including Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC). We evaluated the prognostic value of disseminated MAC infection and associated laboratory abnormal laboratory parameters in African Americans with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4404)
Jia B, He X, Fan XJ, Xue F, Liu ZY, Zhao QB, Shen RX, Shao YM;;; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
BACKGROUND: A live attenuated Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) vaccine had been developed and put the disease under control in China in the last 2 decades. Being one of the 7 lentiviruses, the EIAV vaccine is studied for its mechanism and correlates of immune protection to shed light on HIV vaccine research. METHO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4405)
Nerrienet E, Apetrei C, Foupouapouognigni Y, Ling B, Luckay A, Chakrabarti L, Ayouba A, Marx PA;;; Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
BACKGROUND: Primate lentiviruses co-evolved with their host species and have extensive evidence of cross-transmission. Two species of mangabeys were described to date to harbour SIVs: sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) and red-capped mangabeys (SIVrcm). The two viruses clusters in two different lineages. To investigate the evolut
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4406)
Tanzi E, Zehender G, Amendola A, Colasante C, Colzani D, Boschini A, Galli C;;; Institute of Virology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND. The infection by human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) has been reported in several Western countries, included Italy , and higher prevalence rates are usually associated with injecting drug use. Our study was aimed at investigating the extent of HTLV-II seroprevalence in a selected Italian populatio
