Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1135)
Llano A, Barretina J, Gutierrez A, Clotet B, Este J;;; Fundacio IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays an important role in HIV dependent T-cell depletion and pathogenesis. There is a clear relationship between CD4 T cell number, HIV viral load and circulating IL-7 levels. We have previously identified IL-7 as a factor that may be related to the evolution of HIV from CCR5-using (R5) to CXCR4-u
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1136)
Levy JA;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: As the principle producers of IFN-a/b, the plasmacytoid interferon-producing cell (IPC) plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We have recently described a decline in circulating IPC numbers correlates with increased HIV plasma viral load and AIDS defining disease. Present studie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1137)
Bermejo M, Serrano JM, Alonso J, de Pablos JL, Gamallo C, Arenzana F, Alcami J;;; Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Emergence of X4 HIV strains occurs late in the course of HIV infection, suggesting that a selective pressure interpheres with the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor tropism. We hypothesized that SDF-1 production could be involved in this process and to this aim we have analyzed the expression of SDF-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1138)
Yu Q, Hunter E;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
BACKGROUND: The membrane-proximal region in the ectodomain of HIV gp41 contains five highly conserved tryptophans that are biologically important for the envelope glycoprotein (Env) incorporation and virus infectivity. The role of this gp41 tryptophan-rich region in the structure and function of Env remains unclear. In
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1179)
OConnor DH, Allen TM, Vogel TU, Jing P, DeSouza IP, Dodds EJ, Yamamoto H, Dunphy EJ, Mothe BR, Hughes AL, Watkins DI;;; University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, United States
BACKGROUND: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses may be important in containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Evidence suggests that CTL-resistant viral variants are selected for throughout infection. There are, however, only two examples of HIV escape from strong acute phase CTL responses. Difficul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1180)
van Lunzen J, Altfeld M, Frahm N, Stellbrink HJ, Walker BD;;; University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: To characterise HIV-specific immune responses in peripheral blood (PB) and lymph nodes (LN) after long-term control of viral replication. METHODS: HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses (CTL) were assessed simultaneously in LN and PB by ELISpot, ICS and tetramers in patients receiving successful HAART for prolo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1181)
Novitsky V, Rybak N, McLane MF, Gilbert P, Gaolekwe S, Peter T, Thior I, Ndung'u T, Marlink R, Lee TH, Essex M;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: An increasing dominance of subtype C in the AIDS epidemic reflects a dynamic alteration in the worldwide HIV-1 subtype distribution. The HIV-1C epicenter with the highest prevalence rate has evolved within the countries of southern Africa. CTL responses are an important component of the overall immune respo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1182)
Addo MM, Yu XG, Rathod A, Cohen D, Eldridge R, Johnston MN, Blackard JT, Brander C, Boswell S, Goulder PJ, Rosenberg ES, Altfeld M, Walker BD;;; Partners AIDS Research Center/MGH, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the control of HIV-1. However, no comprehensive analysis of HIV-1 specific T lymphocyte responses directed against the whole expressed genome on the single epitope level has been performed thus far. METHODS: PBMC from 40 HIV-1 infected individuals (10 treate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1183)
Thakar MR, Keating S, Bhonge LS, Lakhashe S, Rao AK, Bollinger RC, Paranjape RS;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Induction of CD8+ CTL responses is an important outcome for evaluation of candidate HIV-1 vaccines. Characterization of immunodominant epitopes in Indian subtype C viruses is crucial for the design of HIV vaccine strategy suitable for India and other regions with subtype C epidemic. METHODS: Peripheral Bloo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrA1184)
Mngqundaniso N;;; South Africa
BACKGROUND: The host immune response plays a critical role in defining the viral set point in persons infected with HIV-1. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are a major mediator of antiviral activity. The way the CTLs control viraemia depend on the HLA type of the individual. Some studies have shown that are of great advantage t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1221)
Matano T, Kano M, Lun WH, Nakamura H, Takeda A, Ami Y, Nagai Y;;; Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Backgrounds: Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the control of immunodeficiency virus infections. We previously developed a proviral DNA vaccine system using an env- and nef-deleted simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) proviral DNA. Further, we established an efficient antigen-expression system usi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1222)
Matsuo K, Nakasone T, Izumi Y, Ami Y, Ohsu T, Hamano T, Yamamoto N, Yamazaki S, Honda M;;; JST AIDS Vaccine Project, c/o National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: To develop Gag antigen-targeted recombinant vector-based AIDS vaccine, we constructed a whole SIV Gag antigen-expressing recombinant live vector vaccines using Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) and highly attenuated vaccinia virus DIs strain which is nonreplicative in human. Protective efficacy was evaluated fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1223)
Williamson C, van Harmelen JH, Shephard E, Londt B, Gray C, Morris L, Karim SA, Swanstrom R, Williamson AL;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: This project forms part of a national initiative to develop HIV-1 vaccines for use in South Africa under the support of the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative. As part of a prime-boost strategy, we report on the identification of genes for inclusion into vaccines and the construction of a DNA vaccine exp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrA1224)
Smith JM, Amara RR, Sharma S, Patel M, Earl P, Wyatt L, Moss B, Robinson HL;;; Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Building on the success of preclinical trials using a DNA prime/MVA boost strategy in which protection from disease was achieved in the macaque/SHIV-89.6P model (Science 292:69), we have developed a DNA vaccine, pGA2/JS2, expressing HIV-1 Gag, Pr, RT, Env, Tat, Rev and Vpu from a single DNA. Plasmid GA2/JS2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1225)
Thongcharoen PT, Suriyanon VS, Khamboonruang CK, Kim JK, Polonis VP, de Souza MD, Gurunathan SG, Brown AE;;; Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: An ALVAC-HIV candidate vaccine has been constructed with HIV-1 env (TH023), gag and pro (LAI) genes of clades E and B viruses (vCP1521) and an oligomeric gp160 protein derived from a Thai E isolate (TH023) for evaluation in Thailand . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrA1226)
Cao H, Kaleebu P, Flores J, El-Habib R, Salata R, Mbidde E, Mugyenyi P, Ellner J, Mugerwa R;;; CA Dept Health Services, Richmond, United States
BACKGROUND: This first preventative HIV-1 vaccine study in Africa aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in seronegative Ugandan volunteers. The vaccine construct was a live recombinant canarypox vector expressing HIV-1 gp120 (MN), the anchoring region of gp41 (LAI), the entire gag and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1140)
Chene G, May M, Costagliola D, d'Arminio Monforte A, Junghans C, de Wolf F, Lundgren JD, Fusco G, Miller V, Leport C, Dabis F, Hogg RS, Phillips AN, Gill MJ, Salzberger B, Sterne JA, Egger M;;; ART Cohort Collaboration, University of Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: Prognosis in the era of HAART is ill defined. The ART Cohort Collaboration aims to estimate progression rates to AIDS or death, and death, in drug-naive patients starting therapy. METHODS: 13 HIV cohort studies (10 Europe, 2 Canada , 1 US) participated. We included adult drug naive patients starting HAART w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1141)
Brooks JT, Hanson DL, McNaghten AD, Swerdlow DL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, United States
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine if plasma viral load (VL) reductions are less durable in HIV-infected persons with low CD4 counts, which could influence when to begin HAART. METHODS: We examined the relationship between CD4 count at HAART initiation and virologic response in persons with no known history of prior HA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1142)
Hogg RS, Heath KV, Yip B, Montaner JS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: To characterize the impact of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) versus protease inhibitor (PI) based triple drug antiretroviral therapy on survival. METHODS: Population-based analysis of antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-positive individuals aged 18 years and older who initiated triple
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1143)
Cole SR, Li R, Anastos K, Detels R, Young M, Phair JP, Munoz A;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: To estimate the impact of deferring highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation on time to AIDS using a novel method that adjusts for unobserved lead-time in higher CD4 cell counts categories by HIV+ persons who initiate HAART at lower levels of CD4. METHODS: 739 men and women from the Multicent
BACKGROUND: HIVNET 012 was a phase II randomized open label trial in Uganda which demonstrated an overall efficacy of 42% for the two dose NVP given to HIV infected mothers at labor onset and to their neonates, compared to intrapartum and 1 week post partum zidovudine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1175)
van der Meer JB, Lezhentsev K, Younis A, Malyuta R;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Kiev, Ukraine
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data about the effectiveness of nevirapine-based prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes in field situations in resource-poor settings. Medecins sans Frontieres, in co-operation with the Ministry of Health of Ukraine , runs a PMTCT programme in Southern Ukraine, i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1176)
Kuhn L, Kasonde P, Vwalika C, Shutes E, Sinkala M, Kankasa C, Aldrovandi G, Piwoz E, Thea DM;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: ZEBS, a clinical trial in Lusaka, Zambia , seeks to determine if short exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) can reduce breastfeeding-associated HIV transmission and infant mortality. Important to the study is adherence to counsellors advice to breastfeed exclusively. METHODS: All pregnant woman attending antenatal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1177)
Read JS, Newell ML, Dabis F, Leroy V;;; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: We analyzed individual patient data from randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials to estimate the contribution of breastfeeding to the overall risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1, to clarify the timing of breastfeeding transmission, and to identify determinants of late postnatal trans
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1178)
Magoni M, Kituuka P, Okong P, Bassani L, Germinario E, Massella M, Giuliano M;;; Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: In January 2000 prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) was started in Nsambya Hospital under a MOH Program. METHODOS: Short anti-retroviral courses, AZT or NVP, are offered in the late pregnancy to women enrolled in the PMTCT program. Women are counselled and supported to use either Infant Formu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1185)
Fidler SJ, Brady MD, Oxenius A, Price D, Babiker A, Zhang HT, Phillips R, Weber JN;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Aim this project aims to evaluate whether a short course of antiretroviral therapy (SCART) given at acute HIV infection is sufficient to preserve HIV specific CD4+ T-helper responses otherwise lost in the absence of intervention. Background National and international guidelines call for treatment of primary HIV infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1186)
Mallolas J, Blanco JL, Pena JM, Dalmau D, Ochoa A, Vidal F, Ribas MA, Segura F, Pedrol E, Flores J, Cruceta A, Varea S, Pich J, Martinez E, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The use of HAART combining 2 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + one protease inhibitor (PI) or 2 NRTIs + 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has shown comparable efficacy and safety profile. However, the relevance of the selection of one starting regimen or
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1187)
Pulido F, Arribas JR, Miro JM, Costa A, Rubio R, Gonzalez J, Pena JM, Lonca M, Lorenzo A, Cepeda C, Torralba M, Gatell JM; Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: We compare the virological,immunological and clinical outcomes of EFV vs PI-based HAART for the treatment of severely immunossupressed patients with a high rate of AIDS-defining conditions. METHODS: HIV-infected patients, naive, with
BACKGROUND: HAART regimens usually contain drugs from either one or two of the drug classes. A triple class HAART regimen may be associated with a better virological effect than traditional HAART, but may also lead to toxicity, drug interactions and more profound resistance. Comparative trials of using either two or al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrB1189)
Bartlett JA, Johnson J, Herrera G, Sosa N, Rodriguez AE, Shaefer MS;;; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) utilizing dual nucleosides in combination regimens can offer dramatic benefits to individuals with HIV-1 infection. An abacavir / lamivudine combination (ABC/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1144)
Dukers NH, Spaargaren J, Geskus RB, Beijnen J, Coutinho RA, Fennema HS;;; HIV and STD Research, Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Dramatic increases are noted in sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and in HIV-related sexual risk behaviour among homosexual men in the industrialized countries. Are these increases the forecast of a resurging HIV epidemic? METHODS: HIV incidence from 1991 through 2001 (but not 1993) was examined among hom
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrC1145)
Mercer CH, Johnson AM, Fenton KA, Wellings K, Erens B;;; Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Male homosexual sex accounts for a high proportion of HIV infection acquired in Britain. Studies in convenience samples of gay men indicate increased risk behaviour in Britain. We examine evidence for changes in prevalence of homosexual risk behaviour in comparable probability surveys in Britain in 1990 and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1146)
Remis RS, Alary M, Otis J, Demers E, Masse B, George C, Vincelette J, Turmel B, Lavoie R, LeClerc R, Parent R;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To determine trends in HIV incidence and sexual behaviour among MSM in Montreal. METHODS: The Omega Cohort study recruits MSM not known to be HIV-positive. HIV testing is performed and a questionnaire completed at study entry and every 6 months. RESULTS: From October 1996 to August 2001, we recruited 1,699
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1147)
Perez K, Rodes A, Zaragoza K, Munoz R, Casabona J;;; Center for Epidemiological Studies on AIDS of Catalonia (CEESCAT), Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
BACKGROUND: Catalonia, a Spanish autonomous region with 6 million inhabitants, had in 2000 an AIDS incidence rate of 81.8 per 106. In 1993 behavioural monitoring of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) was introduced as part of its integrated HIV/AIDS surveillance system. This paper aims to compare HIV prevalence and risk b
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1148)
Chen S, Gibson S, McFarland W;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: An increasing trend in high risk sexual behavior with accompanying increases in sexually transmitted diseases has been noted among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco and other cities around the world. Less information has been available to characterize the level of unprotected anal sex between
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1149)
Kumta S, Setia M, Jerajani HR, Mathur MS, RaoKAvi A, Lindan CP;;; Sion LTMG Hospital and Medical School, Mumbai, India
OBJECTIVES: MSM are an important emerging risk group in India and have received scant attention. MSM include gay and heterosexual-identified men and transgender (TG) who often sell sex and may be castrated. Systematically collected data on these groups are limited. We evaluated MSM accessing the Humsafar Trust, a male-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1190)
Bennett DE, Zaidi I, Heneine W, Woods T, Garcia-Lerma G, Weinstock H;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies report that resistance to antiretroviral drugs is high in some areas among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. Most US studies are small with limited demographic and risk factor variation. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistanc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1191)
Xing H, Chen Z, Liang H, Feng Y, Chen JP, Zhao QB, Zhang YZ, Qin GM, Wei M, Shao YM;;; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: The B /C recombinant HIV-1 (CRF-CH1) found in China s first national molecular epidemic study (NMES1) in mid 90s has been carefully studied in the NMES2 in 2001-2. The two sets of data are compared and will help to explain its epidemic and prepare for future vaccine trials. METHODS: Epidemiology data, CD4,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1192)
Hoelscher M, Sanders-Buell E, Dowling WE, Carr JK, Harris M, Thomschke A, Robb ML, Birx DL, McCutchan FE;;; Department of Infectious DIseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany
Background and objective: The gold standard method of HIV-1 genotyping, full-genome sequencing, is costly and low-throughput, but all other assays provide incomplete discrimination of subtypes and recombinant forms. Here we describe the development, evaluation and application of the Multi-region Hybridization Assay (MH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1193)
McCutchan FE, Carr JK, Harris M, Dowling W, Hoelscher M, Robb M, Birx DL;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Phase III HIV-1 vaccine trials in populations with multiple subtypes can potentially define the breadth of cross protective immunity. HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D, which circulate in East Africa, constitute, alongside subtype B, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, the most prevalent strains in the pandemic and are the mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1194)
Hu DJ, Subbarao S, Vanichseni S, Mock PA, Ramos A, Nguyen L, Choopanya K, Mastro TD;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Although dual infections involving different subtypes of HIV-1 have been reported, unbiased estimates of their frequency from longitudinal studies have not previously been determined. METHODS: To determine the proportion and incidence of infections with subtype B and CRF01_AE (E) among IDUs in Bangkok, 1209
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1195)
Vergne L, Bourgeois A, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Mougnoutou R, Muagbaw J, Zekeng L, Liegeois F, Butel C, Peeters M, Delaporte E;;; IRD, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 epidemic in Cameroon is characterized by an extensive genetic variability, where all groups (M, N and O) and subtypes cocirculate, and by a high variety of intersubtype and intergroup recombinants. In this study, we examined whether the subtype distribution changed over time. METHODS: Since 1996,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1220)
Lin TW, Etchepare C, Faucher JM;;; ARCAT, Paris, France
The Asian population living in Paris and the surrounding areas is made up, in large part, of people who only speak Mandarin. Living in a closed milieu, this is a vulnerable population due to the language barrier, a tradition of secretiveness, tabus such as se and sexually-transmitted diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1220a)
Archibald CP, Reid D, Geduld J;;; Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND: To estimate the extent of heterosexual HIV transmission from injecting drug users (IDUs) to non-IDUs. It has been estimated that approximately 3,270 new HIV infections occurred among men and 920 among women in Canada during 1999. Approximately 33% of male and 54% of female infections were directly attributa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1220b)
Grassly NC, Rhodes T, Lowndes CM, Renton AM, Garnett GP;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The course of the HIV pandemic over the next decade will be determined by the emerging epidemics in India , China , Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Commercial sex work and injecting drug use (IDU) in these countries have resulted in high prevalence of HIV among high risk groups, but more generalise
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1227)
Bessinger RE, Kasheeka EB, Boerma JT, Zaba B, Kirungi WL;;; ORC Macro International, Calverton, United States
BACKGROUND: Uganda has seen consistent declines in HIV prevalence at sentinel surveillance sites since the mid-1990s and subnational studies have indicated that changes in sexual behavior may have occurred. Three national surveys provide additional data on trends in sexual behavior during the nineties. METHODS: Nationa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1228)
Gebre Y, Norman L, Figueroa JP, Wedderburn M, Ashley D, Brathwaite A;;; Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica
BACKGROUND: This paper examines the effort of the national HIV Prevention Program in reducing HIV/AIDS prevalence trends through changes in risk behaviour in the general population over a decade. METHODS: Four cross-sectional surveys employing stratified, multi-staged household samples of the adult population aged 15-4
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1229)
Manoharan SJ, Mills SJ;;; Family Health International, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: India s national highway network of 52,000km spans 35 states with different epidemic settings. The Behavior Surveillance Survey (BSS) measured key sexual risk behaviors (RB) among mobile and stationary populations on halt points on highways throughout the country. METHODS: Measurements on indicators were ob
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1230)
Mwaluko G, Urassa M, Isingo R, Zaba B, Boerma JT;;; TANESA Project, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: In Kisesa ward in rural northwest Tanzania an open cohort study has been ongoing since 1994. A district HIV prevention program, implemented since 1995, included improved STD control, AIDS education in schools, condom promotion, peer health education, formation of community by-laws and support for income gen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1231)
Anderson JE, Santelli JS, Mugalla C;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND. We summarize trends in HIV-related behaviors based on several nationally-representative health surveys that have collected this information since the early 1980s. METHODS. Data are from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Survey of Family Growth, the General Social Survey, the Youth Risk Beha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrC1232)
Panakadan S, Murthy GV, Rao JV;;; NACO, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: For the first time 1000 million Indians were sampled for a nationwide BSS in 2001. The survey covered all 35 States and UTs in India. 84478 people were administered a semi-open ended schedule. METHODS: Multistage cluster sampling design was adopted. The entire country was divided into 22 sampling units and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1150)
Steen R, Olivier E, Mzaidume Z, Rasego B, Moema S, Fehler G, Leong MG, Williams BG, Ndhlovu L, van Dam CJ, Dallabetta G, Ballard RC, Neilsen G;;; Family Health International, Arlington, Virginia, United States
BACKGROUND: STD services for sex workers were implemented to reduce the prevalence of curable STDs in a mining area as part of a community HIV/STD prevention project . METHODS: Two mobile clinics were deployed to areas near mine hostels frequented by sex workers and their clients. Peer educators encouraged all women at
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1151)
Kimani J, Kaul R, Ngugi EN, Bwayo JJ, Fonck K, MacDonald KS, Temmerman M, Moses S;;; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: STI are common in FSWs, increase HIV susceptibility and are often asymptomatic. Antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce risk for STI acquisition, thus reducing risk of HIV infection. We designed a clinical trial to assess if antibiotic prophylaxis reduces HIV acquisition in FSWs. METHODS: In May 1998 we establish
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1152)
Ramos ER, Wi T, Steen R, Esguerra TA, Roces MC, Lim-Quizon MC, Dallabetta G, Neilsen G;;; Family Health International, Manila, Philippines
BACKGROUND: This intervention-linked research in Angeles City aimed to (a) rapidly reduce the prevalence of common curable STDs and (b) maintain STD reductions over time. METHODOLOGY: A targeted strategy was employed with a single round of azithromycin presumptive treatment (PT) given to all sex workers (SW) reached du
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1153)
Wolday D, Mariam Z, Mohammed Z, Dorigo-Zetsma W, Girma M, Meles H, Seme W, Sanders E, Geyid A, Mayaan S;;; Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP), Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Although syndromic treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has been shown to reduce HIV incidence, .its impact in reducing HIV shedding in genital secretions is hardly known. Moreover, the impact among patients in whom STD treatment is not successful has not been previously studied. The objectives
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrD1154)
Nkatha C, Akach E, Vallely A, Mackay B;;; Steadman Research, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Many people with STDs seek private treatment. In a DFID-funded project managed by Futures Group, AMREF has trained 600 qualified private providers in syndromic management. Steadman Research was hired to answer questions on what STD patients actually did. METHODS: A household survey established levels of STD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1155)
Ward KL, Butler N, Mugabo P, Schwarcz SK, McFarland W, Klausner J;;; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND. South Africa has one of the fastest growing HIV-1 epidemics in the world. As STIs have been associated with incident HIV infections, the control of STIs, using syndromic management, is one of the main strategies to reduce the HIV transmission. Currently pharmacists are not allowed to diagnose and treat STIs
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1196)
Hoff CC, Faigeles B, Wolitski R, Purcell D, Gomez C, Parsons J;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND. Studies among serodiscordant heterosexual couples report that many of those who report using condoms 100% of the time also engage in dipping . Dipping is defined as one or two very brief acts of unprotected penetrative intercourse that does not culminate in ejaculation often considered play or teasing . HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1197)
Calzavara L, Burchell A, Remis RS, Major C, Medved W, Corey P, Myers T, Millson P, Wallace E; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: In our study, delayed application of condoms for receptive anal sex (RAS) was found to be an important predictor of HIV infection among MSM. The objective of the present analysis was to explore the prevalence and correlates of this behaviour. METHODS: Recent seroconverters (cases) were determined based on H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1198)
Rosser BR, Barnes V;;; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention - IRS, Center for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: As part of the first study of HIV prevention in rural states of the USA, we sought to identify state-level characteristics of successful HIV prevention. METHODS: In 2001, in 13 states with MSM-dominant epidemics, the author conducted structured interviews with 80 key informants (state AIDS directors, CDC pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1199)
Shoptaw S, Reback CJ, Larkins S, Peck J, Sanders III E;;; Friends Research Institute/UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Gay/bisexual men in Los Angeles who abuse methamphetamine represent a group at extreme risk for HIV infection due to associations between sexual risk behaviors and drug use. Our NIDA-funded trial evaluated the relative efficacy of relapse prevention (RP; n=41), contingency management (CM; n=42), their combi
BACKGROUND: To assess, among gay and bisexual men in England and Wales, the attributable risk associated with seven behaviours thought to be likelihood of condom failure during insertive anal intercourse. METHODS: |2462 men surveyed in the Summer 2001, using a self-completion, self-sealing, freepost-addressed leaflet q
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1201)
Flowers P, Knussen C, Church S;;; Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To describe the relationship between HIV testing and a range of psychosocial, sexual and socio-demographic variables. METHOD: Trained sessional research staff administered a self-complete questionnaire in the gay bars of Glasgow and Edinburgh, in summer 2000. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 803 me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1233)
Potter W, Gerofi J, Pope M, Farley TM;;; Stapleford Scientific Services, Cambridge, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The female condom is an alternative means to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections for women, particularly in situations where partners are reluctant or refuse to use male condoms. The high cost of the device is a barrier to use in resource-poor settings. Some re-use has been reporte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1234)
Magalhaes J, Iuspa AS, Costa S, Barbosa RM, Guarabyra AS, Amaral E;;; StateUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP) / Centro Corsini, Campinas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: There are few prospectives studies of female condom use among HIV infected women. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was performed to evaluate the acceptance, adhesion, and use of female condom among 76 HIV infected women assisted at the Genital Infections-II Outpatient Clinic/UNICAMP and Centro Corsi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1235)
Wilson T, Walter E, Koenig L, Ickovics J, Fernandez I;;; State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, United States
BACKGROUND. Study objectives were to describe pregnancy intentions and correlates of condom use among postpartum women with HIV infection. METHODS. Between 1996-1998, 334 HIV-infected women were recruited from prenatal clinics in the US; FL, NY, NC, CT. Of these, 257 (77%) completed two interviews (in the prenatal peri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1236)
van der Straten A, Posner SF, Mapfumo O, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Chipato T, Callahan M, Padian N;;; Department of OBGYN, University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: In Zimbabwe where HIV prevalence is over 30%, alternative methods to condoms are urgently needed. This is an ongoing cohort study to assess acceptability and use over time of diaphragms with KY jelly among women who are inconsistent condom users. METHODS: Women first enroll in a 2-month condom intervention
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1237)
Smit JA, Mqhayi M, McFadyen ML, Mestry K, Morroni C, Kubeka M, Beksinska M;;; Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
BACKGROUND: Modern contraceptive use is high amongst South African women and contraceptives are most often obtained at public sector primary care clinics where they are available free. This means that many sexually active women visit state clinics. Prevalence of HIV and STIs is unprecedently high in South Africa and fa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrD1238)
El-Bassel N, Witte SS, Gilbert L, Wu E, Chang M, Hill J;;; Columbia University School of Social Work Social Intervention Group, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, examined the efficacy of a relationship-based HIV/STD prevention intervention among couples (adult female clinic patients and their regular, male sexual partners). METHODS: A randomized clinical trial: 217 couples were randomized to either (1) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1156)
Shetty V;;; Transgender, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: The physical and ritual statuses of transgender persons in India have a huge impact on HIV prevention efforts in the MSM sector in India. An effort has been made here to classify the hijra community into various ritual categories based on their castrated and non-castrated status and how many of them are in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1157)
Rose VK, Scheer S, Shafer KP, Balls J, McFarland WC;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
ISSUES: A recent study among the estimated 3000 transgendered people in San Francisco revealed a significantly higher HIV prevalence among the African American transgender population than other racial/ethnic transgendered groups. Sexual and drug use behavior was determined to be similar among transgendered people of al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1158)
Gupta A;;; Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit, Mumbai, India
ISSUES: Eunuchs are a community of transgender/transsexual people in India often thought of as a third sex . Law is silent when it comes to recognising them as a third sex - a popular demand made by the eunuch community. DESCRIPTION: This paper highlights the implications of this denial. Indian administration requires
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1159)
Sausa LA;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: A qualitative study was conducted which examined the HIV prevention and educational needs of trans youth in Philadelphia. A trans youth was defined as including transgendered and transexual youth, ages 14-21, who reassigned the sex they were labeled at birth, and/or whose gender expression is considered by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1160)
Rudy JK, Davis G, Rudy DC, Williams N;;; Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
ISSUES: Since the epidemic began, people with HIV/AIDS have been rejected by mainstream society because of fear and misunderstanding. Perhaps no other group has felt this stigma more than transsexual people with AIDS. Born physically one sex, but emotionally the other, transsexual people are often outcast from their fa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1161)
Bockting W, Gurak L, Miner M, Robinson B, Rosser BR, Raman S, Coleman E;;; Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
BACKGROUND: Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, this study examines the influence of gender identity and role, related social stigma, and internalized transphobia on HIV risk and protective behaviors. METHODS: Due to challenges with their gender identity, transgender individuals have a heightened awareness
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1202)
Sentumbwe S, Nakkazi DS, Nantege N;;; Centre For Peace Research, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Sections 131-134 of the penal code of Uganda outlaws prostitution. This study assessed commercial sex worker s (CSWs) knowledge and perceptions of the current legislation and analysed how the law has fuelled sex trade and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among CSWs. METHODS:: A cross-sectional study amon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1203)
Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, McIntyre JA, Gray GE;;; Gender and Health Group, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: Self-identified sex workers have long been recognized as a risk group for HIV, but sex work represents only one end of a broad spectrum of transactional sexual behaviour. Little research to date has explored the prevalence of transactional sexual exchanges in a general population sample. METHODS: We inter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1204)
Ankomah A, Ladipo O, Akinyemi Z, Odusote T, Anyanti J;;; Society for Family Health, Lagos, Nigeria
BACKGROUND. Nigeria is a highly religious society where many people rely on God for all types of protection. Given the obvious link between unprotected intercourse and HIV/AIDS, especially in sex work, it was considered necessary to explore the extent to which sex workers self-assessment of risk depended on their faith
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1205)
Csepe P, Forrai J, Kelly JA, Amirkhanian YA, Mocsonaki L;;; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
BACKGROUND: In Hungary men who have sex with men account for a high proportion of HIV infections. Male sex workers are usually considered to be at high risk in the HIV epidemic. METHODS: A total of 469 men who have sex with men surveyed in Budapest gay community venues in 2001. Men completed a self-administered questio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1206)
Coussey DA;;; West Africa AIDS Foundation, Accra, Ghana
ISSUES: At a daily infection rate of 200 people and a prevalence rate of 4.6%, the possibility that the newly emergent phenomenon of child sex tourism within Ghana s thriving tourism industry could be a potential contributor to the above given statistics, (which represents a predominantly heterosexual society) does exi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1207)
Bamne AR, Kunte SJ, Gogate AS, Khetarpal MN;;; Mumbai districts AIDS control society, Mumbai, India
ISSUE: Socially deprived & vulnerable group i.e. Eunuchs with their changing lifestyle for earning are indulging into the anal & oral sex, are at highest risk for STD/HIV infection. But there are no health & other program for them by community group or government. Hence, there was urgent need to recognize
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1239)
Ferrer LM, Ramirez-Valles J, Kegeles S, Rebehook G;;; University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Community Involvement (CI) has shown to be an HIV risk protective factor. However, little research on young gay/bisexual men s CI has been done in the United States . The goal of this study is to examine correlates (e.g., sexual self-identity, self-esteem, and social support) of CI among Latino and White yo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1240)
Joseph S;;; Visva Bharati University, Sriniketan, Kolkata, India
Different forms of same-sex sexualities among males coexists in India . Some of them are the continuation of the traditional forms of transgenderal, transgenerational or class-structured homosexuality and the others are expressions of modern egalitarian form of same-sex sexualities. The objective of this study is to ac
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1241)
Stevenson LY, Seal DW, Peterson JL, Stokes JP, Guenther-Grey C, Choi K, O'Donnell L;;; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
BACKGROUND: Safer sex negotiation and condom use are rarely included in people s ideal sexual scripts (a term referring to patterns of behavior that lead to sex). Effective safer sex negotiation requires explicit talk about taboo sexual topics that reduce the pleasure and spontaneity of erotic, emotionally intimate, or
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrE1242)
Wheeler DP, Stackhouse W, Larson B, Dacus J, Jones KT;;; Hunter College School of Social Work, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiologic data suggests that the rate of HIV infection among African-American MSM is as high as 33% in some geographic areas of the US. This infection rate is contrasted to the lower seroprevalence among White (US) MSMs. To-date definitive and re-solvable explanations have proven elusive. Further
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1243)
Koukharski AA, Kelly JA;;; Gay Rights Krilija Center, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
Russia is experiencing one of the sharpest increases in HIV and STD incidence in the world. Due to this the research of risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) is very actual. The St. Petersburg Gay and Lesbian Rights Krilija Center in association with the Medical College of Wisconsin held a sociological
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrE1244)
Dowsett GW, Wain D, Peterson K, Voon D;;; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health &Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: This study investigated Australian gay men who inject drugs (GMIDU) in Melbourne, focusing on the relationship between gay culture, recreational sex & drug use, & injecting drug use (IDU) within that culture. Sex between men and IDU together account for 4% of cumulative HIV infections, in comparison
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1162)
Gandolfi D;;; Program of STD/AIDS of Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUE: 25% of the AIDS cases reported in Brazil are directly (IDU) or indirectly (their partners or sons) related to injecting drug use. Only 8.22% of the estimated IDU were reached by prevention and/or harm reduction projects. DESCRIPTION: Since the difficulties to reach this group was linked to prejudices and legal p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1163)
Vuong TH, Pham HT, Chu AQ, Le YN, Dang KV, Nguyen KT;;; United Nations International Drug Control Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
ISSUES: Reported HIV cases have been rapidly increased in northern Vietnam since 1993 with cases predominantly in injection drug users (IDU). To address this, the National AIDS Standing Bureau of Vietnam piloted a three-year HIV prevention project for IDU through harm reduction interventions (Project AD/VIE97/B07 1997-
Belarus officials first took aggressive action against rapidly expanding drug use in 1997, when a new government policy was unveiled that supports harm reduction efforts. Although the countrys drug laws prohibit the production, possession and sale of drugs, drug use itself and needle exchange programs are not prohibi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1165)
Birkhead GS, Klein SJ, Candelas AR, Plavin HA, Narcisse-Pean M;;; NYS Dept of Health AIDS Institute, Albany NY, United States
ISSUES: As of June 2000, 52% of 140,000 reported NYS AIDS cases were related to injection drug use. Ensuring access to sterile injection equipment and safe disposal of used syringes requires multiple strategies. DESCRIPTION: ESAP is a time-limited pilot program of non-prescription syringe sales by registered providers.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1166)
Rodes A, Suarez M, Menoyo C, De la Fuente L, Bolea A, Parras F;;; Secretaria del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, Spain
ISSUES: In Spain , AIDS incidence in 2000 was 59 cases per million with three out of five cases being among intravenous drug users (IDU). HIV prevalence amongst IDUs ranges 11-47% and syringe sharing between 20-30%. DESCRIPTION: Interventions among IDUs were introduced and expanded in 1993 when prevalence was high. Key
ISSUES. An injection room increases the impact of harm reduction in reducing the risks of HIV and hepatitis transmission due to poor injecting conditions. It also offers to IDUs the perspective of finding a place where they will be listened to, offered information, prevention means or a coffee. It reduces the social im
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1208)
Sherr KH, Jacqueta F, Gimbel-Sherr SO, Soares A, Gloyd S, Mercer MA;;; Health Alliance International, Chimoio, Mozambique
BACKGROUND: In Central Mozambique the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reached catastrophic proportions, with prevalence rates as high as 31% found during year 2000 sentinel surveillance. Interventions to date have focused on prevention via mass media and social marketing of condoms, resulting in high knowledge of HIV transmissio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1209)
Power L, Kinniburgh J, Cairns G;;; Terrence Higgins Trust, London, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Many PWHIV were asking for action against discrimination, but review showed no recent research into extent or types of anti-PWHIV discrimination in the UK. DESCRIPTION: As part of a national consultation with PWHIV on a governmental HIV strategy, questionnaire respondents were asked whether they had experienced
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1210)
George B, Jadav S, Mahendra VS, Mudoi RJ, Samson L, Gilborn L;;; SHARAN, New Delhi, India
ISSUES: Fears and misconceptions affect attitudes of health care workers (HCWs), which can lead to stigma and discrimination towards PLHA in health care settings. Data from baseline survey of doctors, nurses, ward boys and sweepers in 3 participating hospitals in Delhi, India , guided development
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1211)
Ochieng DS, Muturi CN, Ngunjiri P;;; Family Health International, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUES: Stigma against HIV/AIDS causes loss of self-esteem among children clouding their judgement and risk perception leading to risky sexual practices. Parental suffering and death from AIDS inflicts emotional trauma on children whose lack of knowledge of the cause makes them anxious and depressed. Learning the paren
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1212)
Kopoka P, Nyblade L, Mbwambo J, Kilonzo G, Mathur S, MacQuarrie K;;; University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
ISSUES: HIV-related stigma and resulting discrimination is increasingly recognized as a significant barrier to HIV programming yet little data exists to guide programs and policies aiming to address stigma. DESCRIPTION: During a research project to understand HIV-related stigma in Tanzania , a 4week training of rese
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1213)
Okta S, Murni S, Merati TP;;; Spiritia Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia
ISSUE: Human rights violations against people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) in Indonesia happened frequently in the last decade, including by mass media and authorities. So far they are seen as occasional cases, therefore not taken seriously. PWHA themselves are not informed about their rights; they seldom act upon the violatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1250)
Marima R;;; PSG, Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: R. Marima, N. Dube and D. Wilson, L. Mhuriyengwe, P. Mukwashi, R. Khathuria, and C. Oosteinhuizen (Project Support Group, University of Zimbabwe , University of Zambia , Project Support Association Southern Africa) Introduction: Home care faces three major limitations: coverage is limited; care is expensive; a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1251)
Siraprapasiri T, Rumakom P, Baker S, Kantayaporn T, Pluempitiwiriyawej S, Kitsuwvanaratana S, Rattanamoonpanya S, Wongvichai Y, Nisawatthananun P;;; AIDS Division, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates a manual and training for family caregivers and Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) on how to care for PLHA. The manual focused on the physical and psychological needs of PLHA. METHODS: The study used a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control areas and was conducted between
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1252)
Esu-Williams E, Chomba M, Chambeshi-Moyo M, Motsepe J;;; Population Council/Horizons Program, Johannesburg, South Africa
ISSUES: In many sub-Sahara African countries, young people are caring for family members with HIV/AIDS, often unaware of their condition and without necessary skills. Access to care for PLHA is impeded by silence, stigma and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS. Involving young people in care may not only enhance the well bei
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1253)
Bacon CJ, Kukhala G, Kaphera I, Mgori E;;; Blantyre Christian Centre, Blantyre, Malawi
ISSUES: Many chronically sick people are cared for at home. In Malawi caring for the sick is traditionally a woman s task, with little male participation. Most home based care (HBC) volunteers are women. How do we overcome this, and mobilise men for HBC? DESCRIPTION: Blantyre Christian Centre has trained, and supported
ISSUES: Malawi is one of the worst HIV and AIDS affected country in the world creating an ever-increasing burden on existing health services and communities. In a rural district, a dynamic has been created and volunteers at community level are playing major roles in caring for people living with AIDS(PLWAs), providing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrF1255)
Green KE, Chum C, Moth SK, Suon BH, Ma SS;;; CARE International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
ISSUES: Annually, thousands of Cambodian women and men migrate to border areas in search of economic opportunities. Without family and community support networks, economic migrants are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS/STI, violence and social marginalization. Mobile people with HIV/AIDS are far less likely to be supported b
ISSUES: International legal obligations and sound public health practice require that policies and programs to reduce the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS respect human rights. In practice, difficulties arise in the design and delivery of rights-based HIV/AIDS programs. This is partly because some donors are still conside
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1169)
Ezeilo JN;;; Women's Aid Collective, Enugu, Nigeria
ISSUES: There has been a number of litigation in Africa on HIV/AIDs whether dealing with human rights of people living with HIV/AIDs or people affected by it. Issues relating to informed consent for test, breach of confidentiality, discrimination in employment, right to treatment/access to drugs- based on the right to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1170)
Loon KV, Lindegger GC, Slack CM;;; HIV AIDS Vaccines Ethics Group, School of Psychology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
ISSUES: This research is part of a broader project on informed consent by the HIV AIDS Vaccines Ethics Group. The implementation of informed consent in clinical trials generally, and HIV vaccine trials specifically, presents a variety of challenges in the South African setting, such as how to protect vulnerable partici
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1171)
Varas-Diaz N, Toro-Alfonso J;;; University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
ISSUES: Among the many efforts developed to stop the HIV/AIDS epidemic throughout the world, policy implementation has been one of the most controversial. Through policy governments throughout the world have implemented procedures to stop the spread of the disease which at times hinder human rights of people living wit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1172)
Stoltz, Jurgens R, Patterson D;;; Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network/Goodman and Carr LLP, Toronto, Canada
ISSUES: Military services of different states have taken different approaches to the HIV testing of military recruits and personnel. Some have adopted policies of voluntary HIV testing and retention of persons testing HIV positive; others have implemented programmes of mandatory testing and exclusion or restriction fro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1173)
Carvalho I, Varela C, Maia B;;; Grupo Pela VIDDA-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ISSUES: People affected by the epidemic in Brazil are mostly low-income people, sometimes living in extreme poverty. This people, who have mostly elementary education only, do not know their basic rights. They represent the target public of the Legal Advice and Support by Grupo Pela VIDDA-RJ. The free legal service is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuOrG1214)
Zoungrana JB, Tall M, Nyameogo J, Koama JB, Some PA, Renterghem HL, Lamizana M;;; Ministry of Social wellfare, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
ISSUES: With an HIV prevalence of 6,4% Burkina Faso is 2nd hardest hit country in West Africa. The number of AIDS orphans is estimated at 320.000. Due to weak capacity of existing structures and programs care and support for OVC falls upon families and communities. Increasingly communities caring for OVC address social
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1215)
Giese S, Meintjes H, Proudlock P;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
ISSUES: The national children s forum on HIV/AIDS was held in South Africa in August 2001. The forum aimed to: 1. Provide children affected by HIV/AIDS with the opportunity to be heard. 2. Produce a memorandum of action that highlights the issues raised by the children and ensures a commitment from relevant stakeholder
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1216)
Harrison KJ, Chan SL, Edstrom J;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Children are affected by AIDS in a variety of ways. It is difficult to establish the numbers of vulnerable children, to keep track of the support provided, and to decide if they are benefiting. DESCRIPTION: KHANA, a partner of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, brought over thirty Cambodian NGOs together to s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1217)
Vogli RD, Birbeck GL;;; Reference Center for the Regional Epidemiological System, Veneto Region &UCLA School of Public Health, Castelfranco Veneto (TV), Italy
ISSUE: This review examines the potential effect of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank adjustment policies on children s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of a conceptual model consisting of five different pathways connecting major components of adjustment policies with increase
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1218)
Mehra S, Negi RS, Kole SK;;; MAMTA, New Delhi, India
ISSUES: In India recent statistics indicate, HIV/AIDS in 15-29 yrs has increased to 41.3%. Reproductive & sexual health (RSH) of young people is major concern as 82.6% of the infection is reported by sexual transmission. For a holistic approach, it is important to create the policies/program environment in which is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1219)
Linsangan RA, Auditor A, Aquino C, D'Agnes L;;; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Makati, Philippines
ISSUES: Girls of minority age are put at risk of HIV infection because they constitute a good proportion of street- and brothel-based sex workers. While there are laws and policies that mandate the protection of children from abuses, local community efforts are lacking in support of their protection. DESCRIPTION: An ad
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1245)
Forsythe SS, Laurence C, Stover J, Bausch J, Deering J, Foreit K;;; The Futures Group International, Washington DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Various multinational corporations have recently decided to offer ARVs and other medical care to their HIV-infected employees in developing countries. This decision has been justified, at least in part, on the economic grounds of keeping employees productive and reducing the financial burden on companies as
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1246)
Srithanaviboonchai K, Leusaree T, Lo YR, Sennun R, Natpratan C;;; Office of Communicable Disease Control Region10, Chiang Mai, Thailand
ISSUES: In 2000, the Thai Ministry of Public Health initiated the Access to Care pilot program to evaluate the feasibility of the administration of free HAART in a cohort of HIV infected patients. The objectives were to identify critical issues for implementation prior to further expansion of the program. DESCRIPTION:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1247)
Kenyon CR, Boulle A;;; Health Systems Trust, Cape Town, South Africa
ISSUES: Many cost-effectiveness analyses on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) programmes in high HIV-prevalence countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have concluded that such programmes are unaffordable. DESCRIPTION: This paper argues that these previous cost-effectiveness studies have made two crucial errors wh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1248)
Masaki E, Green R;;; University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent price reductions for Anti-Retroviral (ARV) therapy have produced claims that wide-scale access to ARV s produces savings by avoiding the cost of opportunistic infections. These claims suggest greater cost-effectiveness of ARV therapy, possibly altering the structure of the budgetary trade-offs faced
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuOrG1249)
Laborde-Balen G, Taverne B, Diop MD, Ndoye I, Laniece I;;; Universite de Pau, Pau, France
BACKGROUND: The role that social protection systems may play is often brought up concerning the long lasting financing mechanism of medical management and anti-retroviral medication in Africa. In Senegal , despite a government subsidy of ARV and biological examinations [viral load, CD4 count], the medical treatment is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4338)
Pushkarsky T, Yurchenko V, Sherry B, Bukrinsky M;;; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitously distributed intracellular protein belonging to the immunophilin family. CyPA possesses peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and plays an important role in protein folding. In addition, CyPA is incorporated into HIV-1 virions and regulates an early step of HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4339)
Matthias LJ, Yam PT, Donoghue N, Hogg PJ;;; Centre for Thrombosis and Vascular Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: CD4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors and is the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The extracellular portion of CD4 is a concatenation of four immunoglobulin-like domains, D1 to D4. There are three disulfide bonds in CD4, one each in the D1, D2 and D4 doma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4340)
Hayes P, Datta D, Miao Y, Vingerhoets J, Fordel E, McKenna P, Pozniak A, Gazzard B;;; Chelsea &Westminster hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is common in HIV infection and is primarily due to infection with opportunistic intestinal pathogens. But such pathogens are undetectable in some HIV patients presenting with diarrhoea, with intestinal HIV replication proposed as a cause of such pathology. The aim of this study was to assess the e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4341)
Sharova N, Sharkey M, Brichacek B, Stevenson M;;; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
BACKGROUND: In order to better understand the role of MA in the HIV-1 replication process, we are characterizing MA mutant viruses that are replication-deficient. The gag MA gene of HIV-1 encodes the matrix protein that has been reported to be involved in several essential steps in the viral lifecycle. Reported activit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4342)
Bouhlal H, Chomont N, Haeffner-Cavaillon N, Kazatchkine M, Belec L, Hocini H;;; INSERM U430, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France
In the present study, we demonstrate that both X4 and R5-tropic HIV-1 strains are able to infect the human epithelial cell line HT-29. Infection was enhanced two fold when HIV was added to semen prior to contact with the cell cultures. The enhancing effect of semen was complement-dependent as evidenced by blockage, by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4343)
Peden K, Omeir R, Solow R, Foley J, Liao F, Farber J;;; CBER/FDA, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: While CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors used by HIV-1 for viral entry in vivo, several additional coreceptors, termed alternative coreceptors, have been shown to support infection in vitro by HIV-1 and/or SIV. Whether alternative coreceptors have a role in vivo remains to be demonstrated. They may fu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4344)
Pastore C, Picchio G, Galimi F, Mosier DE;;; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The function of CCR5 in virus entry is unclear, but it appears to be distinct from its physiological role as a signaling chemokine receptor. METHODS: Full length or mutated CCR5 molecules were stably expressed in MT-2 cells following transduction with lentiviral vectors. The efficiency of infection with R5
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4345)
Ketas TJ, Frank I, Sullivan B, Spenlehauer C, Nesin M, Moore JP, Pope M, Olson WC;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
HIV-1 entry into target cells proceeds via a cascade of events involving gp120-CD4 attachment, gp120-coreceptor interactions, and gp41-mediated fusion; and inhibitors of each step have entered human clinical testing. PRO 542 (CD4-IgG2) is a third-generation, tetravalent CD4-based protein that potently neutralizes prima
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4346)
Tardif M, Tremblay MJ;;; Centre de recherche en infectiologie, pavillon CHUL, CHUQ,, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada
BACKGROUND: The incorporation of host-derived ICAM-1 into HIV-1 markedly enhances virus infectivity suggesting that the presence of ICAM-1 might play an important role in cell tropism and pathogenesis. While this phenomenon is dependent of the engagement of ICAM-1 to LFA-1, it is not known yet wether the presence of IC
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4347)
Puffer BA, Carlin D, Doms RW;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: A number of well characterized SIV Envs have the ability to facilitate entry of CD4 negative, coreceptor positive cells. Viruses encoding CD4-independent Envs exhibit reduced pathogenesis, altered cellular tropism, and neutralization sensitivity. We examined closely related CD4-dependent and CD4-independent
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4348)
Persico T, Savasi V, Semprini AE, Lanzani C, Serafini P, Grandi MD, Seta SL, Crivelli M, Ferrazzi E;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Luigi Sacco Clinical Sciences Institute, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: To Evaluate if sperm washing for HIV-1 serodiscordant couples represents a risk reducing option and to assess which semen fraction acts as a specific vehicle for HIV-1 transmission.METHODS: Semen samples from HIV-1 positive patients were separated into spermatozoa, non sperm cells (NSCs), and seminal plasma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4349)
Jobes DV, Daoust M, Nguyen VT, Crandall K, Sinangil F, Berman P;;; VaxGen, Inc., S. San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: An effective AIDS vaccine is the only practical solution to the AIDS epidemic; however, antigenic diversity is the main hurdle to developing an efficacious AIDS vaccine. Using one of the most up to date collections of incident infections from viruses found circulating throughout North America, we are conduc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4350)
Domenech FN, Rafii S, Jamiluddin MF, Laurence J;;; Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: We hypothesize that many cases of HIV-linked thrombocytopenia are a consequence of an HIV-mediated defect in SDF1-directed megakaryocyte migration through bone marrow stroma, a process critical to platelet release. This hypothesis is supported by the finding from Dr. Lee Ratner s lab that the bone marrow of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4351)
Argirova R, Savov A, Tolchkov V, Kremensky I, Raleva S, Froloshka L, Markova R, Terzieva V;;; Lab. for Retroviruses, Sofia, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: Although intensive studies of chemokine receptor genes, their role alone or especially in combinations remains unclear. The aim of this work is to study genetic polymorphism of CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 in HIV(+) Bulgarian individuals and analyze the results towards disease progression. METHODS: Totally 63 HIV(+
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4352)
Nankya IL, Kaleebu P, Beddows S, Yirrell D, Morgan D, Weber J, Whitworth JA;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS-Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 disease progression is not uniform among individuals due to a number of factors. We have reported minor differences in disease progression that is, subtype D progressing faster than A. Studies done elsewhere have shown that CCR5 using viruses are slow growing and detected early in infection; on the ot
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4353)
Ahr B, Robert-Henmann V, Roland J, Murphy BJ, Delauzun V, Devaux C, Biard-Piechaczyk M;;; student, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: The major coreceptor for HIV-infection, CXCR4, is a Gi protein-coupled chemokine receptor that triggers multiple intracellular signals in response to SDF-1. SDF-1-mediated signaling plays a major physiological role. Calcium mobilization and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation are Gi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4354)
Bobardt M, Saphire A, Gallay P;;; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
A growing body of evidence suggests that HIV attached to the surface of nonpermissive cells represents a source of infectivity for permissive cells. Specifically, HIV attached to dendritic cells via DC-SIGN is more infectious than cell-free virus indicating that attachment to cell-surface molecules may preserve and enh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4355)
Malaza AL, Louscher S, Puren A, Ramjee G, Karim SA, Williamson C;;; University of Cape Town, Division of Virology, Observatory, South Africa
BACKGROUND: A cohort of female sex workers have been identified who remain HIV-1 negative despite repeated exposures. Cells from these women were susceptible to HIV-1 infection in vitro and neither CCR5~32 nor CCR5m303 mutations were detected. In this study we investigated the role of four CCR5 promoter polymorphisms o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4356)
Zheng BJ, Lee SS, Wong KH, Chan KC, Zhu NS, Chan SC;;; HIV Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
BACKGROUND: Recent research has demonstrated an association between mutation of some chemokine receptors, for example, CCR5, and disease progression in HIV infection. Ethnic difference in such mutation has been reported. The present study is designed to determine the relationship between CCR5 mutations with disease pro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4357)
Ludewick HP, Jeena[tab][tab][tab] P, Soodyall[tab][tab][tab][tab], H, Chetty K, Naran N, Mendelow B, Willem P;;; NHLS/University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Genetic variants in the chemokines and chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR2 and SDF1 affects HIV-1 susceptibility. The distribution and associations of these variants with disease progression are well documented among people of European descent. The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of the C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4358)
lvarez CP, Carrillo J, Lasala F, Muniz O, Corbi AL, Delgado R;;; Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Ebola Virus (EV) is a highly lethal pathogen responsible for several outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever. The cellular factors implicated in Ebola Virus cell entry remain largely unknown. DC-SIGN and its homologue L-SIGN have been shown to bind most lentiviruses of primates: HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV, although they d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4359)
Bandres JC, Staudinger R;;; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
BACKGROUND.We studied the biochemical interactions between HIV gp120 and CXCR4 or CCR5, principal coreceptors for X4 viruses or R5 viruses, and compared it with the ones between these chemo-receptors and natural ligands stromal derivative factor-1 (SDF-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta. RESULTS. Gp120
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4360)
dros D, Reeves JD, Thorstensson R, Fenyo EM, Doms RW;;; Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: SIV infection of macaques is used as a model system for HIV infection of humans, and it is important to compare the biological features of the two systems. We have previously characterized the co-receptor use of sequential isolates from 8 cynomolgus macaques. Here we describe the biological properties of en
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4362)
Sol-Foulon N, Moris A, Nobile C, Boccaccio C, Engering A, Abastado JP, Heard JM, van Kooyk Y, Schwartz O;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell (DC)-specific lectin, mediates clustering of DCs with T lymphocytes, a crucial event in the initiation of immune responses. DC-SIGN also binds HIV envelope glycoproteins, allowing efficient virus capture by DCs. We show here that DC-SIGN surface levels are up-regulated in HIV-1-infected DCs. T
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4363)
Olson WC, Tsurushita N, Hinton PR, Xiong J, Ketas TJ, Sullivan BM, Nagashima KA, Tsamis F, Dragic T, Queen CL, Maddon PJ;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: CCR5 is a requisite fusion coreceptor for primary HIV-1 isolates and provides a promising target for antiviral therapy. We have generated a unique anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) known as PRO 140, which inhibits HIV-1 entry at concentrations that do not affect CCR5 s chemokine receptor activity (Olson e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4364)
Acosta AX, Grimaldi RS, Spinola JL, Bernardo-Castro B;;; Laboratorio avancado de Saude Publica - Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz - Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The CCR2 is a receptor for MCP-1 (CC chemokine) and is a member of the superfamily of the seven transmembrane domain G protein-acoupled receptors, the largest receptor superfamily in the human genome. The CCR2 acts as a correceptor for the HIV-1 entry in the target cells, and his gene is situated in 3p21 ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4365)
Madhava V, Feldman J, Philpott S, Augenbraum M, Burger H, Cohen M, Young M, Anastos K;;; Montefiore Medical Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Homozygous mutation (D32, D32) of CCR5 co-receptor gene is known to prevent HIV infection and heterozygosity (D32, Wild Type-WT) is partially protective. There is conflicting evidence on the association of Hepatitis C (HCV) infection and mutation of the CCR5 co-receptor. METHODS: Among 2518 participants in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4366)
Agrawal L, Alkhatib G;;; Indiana University, Indianapolis, United States
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) employs CD4 and a coreceptor, principally the CCR5 and/or CXCR4 chemokine receptors, for entry into host cells. The central role of CCR5 in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis has been high-lighted by the epidemiological and genetic identification of powerful disease modifyin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4367)
Chen SS, Lee SF, Wang CT, Ko CY;;; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
BACKGROUND: To understand the role of the lentivirus lytic peptide-1 (LLP-1) region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 in virus infection and envelope (Env) stability. METHODS: Deletion and substitution mutant viruses of the HXB2 strain of HIV-1 were constructed by site-d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4368)
Wang CT, Chiu HC;;; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Pr160gag-pol is thought to be incorporated into virus particles via interaction with the Pr55gag through its N-terminal Gag domain. To define a minimal sequence required for efficiet incorporation of the Pr160gag-pol into virus particles, a series of Gag-Pol constructs with various deletions in the ga
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4369)
Javanbakht H, Wainberg MA, Kleiman L;;; Lady Daivs Institute 3755 Cote St Catherine H3T 1E2, Montreal, Canada
During HIV-1 assembly, tRNALys is selectively packaged into the virus, where tRNALys3 serves as the primer for reverse transcription. Because lysyl tRNA synthetase( LysRS) is also selectively incorporated into HIV-1, it is a strong candidate for being the signal by which viral proteins interact with tRNALys isoacceptor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4370)
Victoria JG, Lee DJ, McDougall BR, Robinson WE Jr.;;; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, United States
BACKGROUND: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing fluorescent probes are a sensitive measure of HIV-1 replication. We hypothesized that oligonucleotide primers and the fluorescent dye SYBR-I green could be used to measure the replication kinetics of SIV and HIV-1 from multiple clades. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4371)
Hazuda DJ;;; Merck and Co, West Point, United States
We have identified potent, small molecule inhibitors of HIV integrase (IN) that block HIV replication in cell culture. Viruses selected for growth in the presence of these inhibitors harbor a variety of mutations in the IN active site that engender varying degrees of resistance when introduced in combination. Strikingl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4372)
Cen S, Niu MJ, Shiba K, Musier-Forsyth K, Kleiman L;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
BACKGROUND: During HIV-1 assembly, the major human tRNALys isoacceptors, tRNALys1,2 and tRNALys3, are selectively packaged into the viruses. However, only tRNALys3 is placed onto the primer binding site on the viral RNA genome, where it acts as a primer for reverse transcription. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is also i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4373)
Cen S, Javanbakht H, Niu MJ, Wainberg MA, Kleiman L;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: During HIV-1 assembly in the cytoplasm of infected cells, a major polyprotein Pr55gag assembles into a Pr55gag complex. During this complex formation, cellular tRNALys33 is also packaged into virions, and used as primer for initiation of reverse transcription. This work is concerned with studying the step i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4374)
Jacque. JM, Stevenson M;;; UMASS Med. School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
BACKGROUND. RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in animals and plants, initiated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is homologous in sequence to the silenced gene. PTGS involves the generation of 21 to 26nt dsRNA fragments, generated by ribonulease II
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4375)
Giguere JF, Tremblay MJ;;; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHUL, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Canada
BACKGROUND: The full activation of T lymphocyte requires the participation of two signals: the recognition of the antigen presented by MHC-II to TCR and a co-signal given by B7/CD28. CTLA-4 is an homologue of CD28 that has been recognized as a negative signalling protein implicated in the down-regulation of the immune
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4376)
Phuphuakrat A, Sutthent R, Auewarakul P;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Switching of HIV-1 mRNA splicing patterns from predominately spliced to predominately unspliced pattern has been shown to associate with disease progression. Despite that, it was not known whether there were some viral factors that could contribute to this phenomenon. Variation in Rev response element (RRE)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4377)
Suptawiwat O, Sutthent R, Lee TH, Auewarakul P;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Expression of HIV-1 genes is regulated at multiple levels including the complex RNA splicing and transport mechanisms. Except for the Rev Response Element (RRE), there is no known cis regulatory element in HIV-1 env region that can control expression of other viral structural genes. Here we mapped the regul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4378)
von Gegerfelt A, Valentin A, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK;;; NCI-Frederick, Frederick, United States
BACKGROUND: The viral protein Rev is essential for the export of the subset of unspliced and partially spliced lentiviral mRNAs and the production of structural proteins. Rev and its RNA binding site RRE can be replaced in both HIV and SIV by the constitutive RNA transport element CTE of the simian type D retroviruses.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4379)
Poli G, Alfano M, Sidenius N, Blasi F;;; Dibit-Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is a critical enzyme involved in the inflammatory response and in the pathogenesis and malignancy of cancer, and its soluble level is a strong CD4-independent predictor of survival in HIV-1 infection. We investigated the potential effect of u-PA on HIV-1 replicati
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4380)
Halwani R, Khorchid A, Kleiman L;;; Mcgill aids center, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: During HIV-1 assembly, Gag-Pol is incorporated into the virus through interactions with Gag molecules. A significant portion of Gag in Cos1 cells was shown to be associated with barges (lipid raft complexes with higher buoyant densities than normal lipid rafts). RNA has been proposed to act as a scaffold fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4381)
Scriba TJ, Treurnicht FK, Janse van Rensburg E, Barnett SW, zur Megede JT;;; Department of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 accessory genes have received increased attention as components of HIV vaccines due to their role in viral pathogenesis, early expression and the high ratio of conserved CTL epitopes. Because of undesirable properties, questions regarding their safety and suitability as vaccine components are rais
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4382)
Cortes MJ, Arganaraz E, Lama J;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
BACKGROUND: Several in vitro functions have been attributed to the HIV Nef protein. Nef down-modulates CD4 and class I MHC. Nef also enhances viral infectivity. This function is mediated by CD4-dependent and CD4-independent mechanisms. We have investigated the mechanisms of enhancement of viral infectivity mediated by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4383)
Cohen EA, Yao XJ, Lemay J, Rougeau N, Clement M, Kurtz S, Belhumeur P;;; Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Vpr is a phosphorylated nuclear protein that is highly conserved among primate lentiviruses. In addition to facilitating the nuclear uptake of the viral pre-integration complex in non-dividing cells, Vpr prevents the passage of HIV-infected cells through mitosis at the G2 stage of the cell cycle to pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4384)
Asmuth DM, Wang N, Li XD, Terry NH, Pollard RB, Nokta M, Leary JF, White RA;;; Univ of Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Viruses manipulate host cell cycle (CC) regulatory genes and proteins to optimize productive infection. HIV is known to cause G2/M phase arrest. However, the CC phases durations have not been measured. Reasoning that virus-host cell interactions would result in perturbations of cell cycle kinetics (CCK), me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4385)
Mathew A, Ladha J, Mitra D;;; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: The Nef protein of HIV-1 has come a long way from a negative factor to now being regarded as one of the most important protein of the virus, responsible for establishment of infection and for pathogenesis. The role of Nef protein in HIV replication and gene expression still remains to be clearly elucidated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4386)
Chakraborty R, Reinis M, Philpott S, Dong T, Rostron T, Yang HB, Ogola S, Musoke R, D'Agostino A, Burger H, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones SL;;; Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying long-term survival (LTS) and slow disease progression are heterogeneous and include antiviral immune responses, viral attenuation, and host genetic determinants. Most studies of LTS have been conducted among Caucasian populations infected with clade B HIV-1. There is a paucity of s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4387)
Serra C, Delogu G, Ziccheddu M, Sale M, Olivetta E, Federico M, Dolei A;;; Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
BACKGROUND. It has been shown recently that recombinant HIV-1-nef (rNef) can enter uninfected human macrophages, possibly through phagocytic mechanisms, and exert biological effects, such as CD4 down-regulation and inhibition of M-tropic HIV replication. In order to understand the role of cells from human solid tissues
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4388)
Garcia JV, Gatlin J, Melkus M, Padgett A, Kelly P;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Background- HIV infection is characterized by a well defined series of immunological and neurological complications resulting in AIDS. Significant hematological complications accompany this disease. To investigate the role of HIV genes in these hematological abnormalities we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effect of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4389)
Gatlin J, Melkus M, Padgett A, Kelly P, Islas-Olmayer M, Garcia JV;;; U. T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Background- Hematopoietic suppression is a hallmark of advanced AIDS. To investigate the role of HIV genes in hematopoietic dysfunction we evaluated the effect of HIV-1 Tat expression on hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. Methods- A lentivirus vector for Tat expression was constructed. The effect of Tat expression on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4391)
Bennasser Y, Bahraoui E;;; University, Toulouse, France
BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected patients, production of IL-10, a highly immunosuppressive cytokine, is associated with the progression of the disease towards AIDS. HIV-1 Tat, a protein secreted by infected cells and found free in the plasma of HIV-infected patients where it can interact with both infected and non-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4392)
Sanchez PV, Malim MH;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: Vpr is an HIV-1 protein that is specifically incorporated into viral particles, arrests cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and provides a modest advantage to viral replication in non-dividing cells. The significance of this small enhancement of viral replication has proved difficult to analyze. Usin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4393)
Willey S, Roulet V, Reeves JD, McKnight A, gou B, Dejucq-Rainsford N;;; Wohl Virion Centre, UCL, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: It is now well established that the male reproductive tract harbours isolated reservoirs of HIV infection, however the exact sources of HIV in semen are still unknown. In the context of antiviral therapy, the identification of these sources is essential. In this respect, the testis could potentially play a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4394)
Chen L, Yue ST, Zhang L;;; Director, Yunnan Yuxi, China
BACKGROUND: Yunnan province is the most severe HIV infection area in China . In our current investigation, 192 IDUs have been screened for HIV infection with ELISA . 9 of the 98 HIV positives were suspected HIV-2 infection and further tested with Western-Blot(WB). 6 of the 9 samples were comfirmed HIV-2 infect
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4395)
pia N, Clotet B, Martinez MA;;; Fundacio irsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Assays for drug resistance testing in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) infection and treatment should be incorporated into patient management. In HIV-2 infected patients, data on drug resistance is very limited and no resistance mutation partners have been described. We present
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4396)
Stanczuk GA, Mashu A, Madzime S, Munjoma M, Sibanda EN;;; TCE Medical Headquarters, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: We have in the last decade conducted three surveys and tested 1463 men and women for the presence of HIV-2 infection. These studies included 1168 expectant mothers, 245 males attending genito-urinary clinics and cohort of 50 men and women who were screened prior to enrolment in a study. We have not found a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4397)
Nyamande K, John M, Lalloo UG;;; University of Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
Introduction: The aetiological agents studies of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) have been influenced by geographical location, completeness of diagnostic testing, population demographics and impact of the HIV epidemic. There has been no comprehensive study on the aetiology of CAP in South Africa since the adv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4398)
Azserzon A, Simioli R, Saidman G, Hirsch R;;; Buenos Aires, Argentina
Introduction: Children with compromised immunity are those who suffer from AIDS/HIV and who are confined in hospital in Unit 29 from September (1998) until August (2001). Cryptosporidiosis and Isosporidosis, among others, are described as intestine parasitosis which are makers in HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVES: Establish relatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4399)
Vzorov AN, Compans RW;;; Emory University, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Structural interactions between gp120 and gp41 of HIV modulate neutralization resistance, infectivity and fusogenicity. SIVmac239 and SIVmac1A11 are two closely related viruses with full length and truncated cytoplasmic tails respectively. . METHODS. For neutralization assay we used an indicator cell line w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4400)
Chakraborty J, Okonta H, Duggan J;;; Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, United States
BACKGROUND: Although several theories have been proposed for mother-to-child transmission (MCT) of HIV, the issue remains controversial. The barriers of MCT studies in humans are due to practical and ethical constraints involving human subjects. Therefore, small animal models are essential to obtain insight into the me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4401)
Mehta NM, Purohit A, Haag A, Mathur A, Joshi KC, Joshi R, Behra R;;; FXB Rajasthan, Jodhpur, India
BACKGROUND: The rate of HCV Infection prevalence is not known in most parts of India . However, HIV-HCV co-infected patients seem to clinically progress faster to AIDS than those HIV infected patients who are not co-infected with the HCV. Early detection of the co-infection is useful for both selection of antiretrovira
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4402)
Reddy R, Daftary MN, Delapenha RA, Frederick W;;; Howard University Hospital, Washington DC 20060, United States
Background -- While it is still not clear what role, if any, either HIV disease or HIV related treatment plays in the development of avascular necrosis (AVN), there are increasing numbers of cases reported with AVN in HIV patients. This paper aims to report 3 patients stable on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4403)
Reddy R, Mangru J, Hubley M, Mody V, Daftary M;;; Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, United States
Background-Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are susceptible to multi-organ disease with opportunistic infections including Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC). We evaluated the prognostic value of disseminated MAC infection and associated laboratory abnormal laboratory parameters in African Americans with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4404)
Jia B, He X, Fan XJ, Xue F, Liu ZY, Zhao QB, Shen RX, Shao YM;;; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
BACKGROUND: A live attenuated Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) vaccine had been developed and put the disease under control in China in the last 2 decades. Being one of the 7 lentiviruses, the EIAV vaccine is studied for its mechanism and correlates of immune protection to shed light on HIV vaccine research. METHO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4405)
Nerrienet E, Apetrei C, Foupouapouognigni Y, Ling B, Luckay A, Chakrabarti L, Ayouba A, Marx PA;;; Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
BACKGROUND: Primate lentiviruses co-evolved with their host species and have extensive evidence of cross-transmission. Two species of mangabeys were described to date to harbour SIVs: sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) and red-capped mangabeys (SIVrcm). The two viruses clusters in two different lineages. To investigate the evolut
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4406)
Tanzi E, Zehender G, Amendola A, Colasante C, Colzani D, Boschini A, Galli C;;; Institute of Virology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND. The infection by human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) has been reported in several Western countries, included Italy , and higher prevalence rates are usually associated with injecting drug use. Our study was aimed at investigating the extent of HTLV-II seroprevalence in a selected Italian populatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4407)
Courgnaud V, Formenty P, Akoua-Koffi C, Noe R, Boesch C, Delaporte E, Peeters M;;; IRD/UR36, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: Primate lentiviruses are a diverse group that naturally infect a variety of nonhuman african primate species. So far, fully characterized SIVs cluster into six distinct lineages: SIVcpz, SIVsm, SIVagm, SIVsyk, SIVlhoest and SIVcol. The SIVcol lineage is represented by a virus isolated from a guereza colobus
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4408)
Courgnaud V, Salemi M, Pourrut X, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Abela B, Auzel P, Bibollet-Ruche F, Hahn B, Vandamme A, Delaporte E, Peeters M;;; IRD/UR36, Montpellier, France
BACKGROUND: Primate lentiviruses are a diverse group that naturally infect a variety of nonhuman african primate species. So far, fully characterized SIVs cluster into six distinct lineages: SIVcpz, SIVsm, SIVagm, SIVsyk, SIVlhoest and SIVcol. During a large seroprevalence survey of wild-born monkeys in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4409)
Masharsky AE, Eremin VF, Kozlov AP;;; Biomedical Center, Research Institute of Pure Biochemicals, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: The large-scale HIV-1 epidemic among IDU in countries of the FSU was caused mainly by two HIV-1 variants. The first variant belongs to subtype A, the second one is a recombinant between A and B subtypes and both are characterized by high homogeneity of nucleotide sequences. For detailed study of HIV-1 epide
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4410)
Karlsson I, Antonsson L, Karlsson A, Albert J, Leitner T, Owman C, Fenyo EM;;; Division of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
BACKGROUND: The recognition that co-receptor use may influence the type of cells infected and the signal pathways activated, makes it particularly important to dissect receptor use of sequential HIV-1 isolates from patients with varying severity of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Sequential HIV-1 isolates from 23 individuals
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4411)
Gross KL, Porco TC, Grant RM;;; San Francisco Dept. of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Relatively high prevalence of inter-subtype recombinant infections in regions with multiple circulating subtypes has suggested that sequential infection (ie: superinfection) may occur frequently. Although dual infections have been documented after nearly concomitant exposure, longitudinal studies enrolling
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4412)
Tovanabutra S, deSouza M, Sittisombut N, Ketsararat V, Gulgolgarn V, Birx DL, McCutchan FE, Robb MR, Khamboonruang C;;; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Maternal viral burden and exposure to maternal secretions are risk factors for transmission. It is not known if the cell free virus or cell in the secretions or blood is the source of the infection in the infant. We sought to better define the source of infection by comparing genetic sequences from early in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4413)
Magiorkinis G, Paraskevis D, Vandamme AM, Magiorkinis E, Hatzakis A;;; National Retrovirus Reference Center, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens, Greece
BACKGROUND: Recombination is one of the main factors contributing to the extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1. The importance of intersubtype recombination in HIV-1 epidemic has been documented recently, while a significant proportion of the circulating viruses, which have been initially characterized as non-mosaics, w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4414)
Wirachsilp P, Horthongkham N, Pratheepawanich P, Kaoriangudom S, Chaisilwatana P, Chokpaibulkit K, Honda M, Warachit P, Sutthent R;;; NHRBC, Department of Microbiology, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: There are almost one million HIV cases in Thailand . Genetic evolution pattern of HIV-1 in various risk groups and year of distribution in Thailand will be useful for vaccine development and trials. METHODS: HIV-1 C2-V4 nucleotide sequences from 196 infected individuals from northern (N), northeastern (NE),
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4415)
Hunt GM, Papathanasopolous M, Gray G, Tiemessen CT;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: As subtype C is the most prevalent circulating HIV-1 subtype internationally as well as locally in South Africa , more information on the biological nature and molecular characteristics of these viruses is required. In this study, the near full-length genomes of three South African HIV-1 isolates were seque
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4416)
Brennan CA, Yamaguchi J, Bodelle P, Ngansop C, Kaptue L, Zekeng L, rtler LG, Devare SG;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park IL, United States
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (outlier) was first identified in 1990 as an HIV-1 strain that was highly divergent from group M (major). Since its discovery, only 5 full-length or near full-length genomes for group O have been deposited in GenBank. Based on available sequences (primarily short
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4417)
Ekwalanga B, Kazadi R, Dazza MC, Nende M, Shamamba KB, Saragosti S;;; INRB, Kinshasa, Congo, the Democratic Republic of fhe
BACKGROUND: African non-human primates represent an extremely large reservoir of lentiviruses with the potential for infecting other species, including humans, in their natural habitats. METHODS: In a recent sero-survey of wild born primates sold as pet in Kinshasa (DRC), we identified three monkeys harboring HIV/SIV a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4418)
Ling B, Santiago M, Gormus B, McClure H, Hahn BH, Marx PA;;; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The primate lentiviruses are classified into six distinct lineages. SIVsm from the natural host sooty mangabeys (SMs) together with SIVmac and HIV-2 fall into the same group, indicating that SIVsm is the progenitor of HIV-2 in Humans. To investigate the diversity and evolution of SIVsm, we sought to develop
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4420)
Duque V, Carvalho A, Mota V, Ramos I, Rabadao E, Oliveira J, Saraiva-da-Cunha J, Melico-Silvestre A;;; Laboratorio de Virologia/Departamento de Doencas Infecciosas/Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 non-B subtypes have been introduced in various countries in Europe. Numerous mutations have been described for HIV-1 subtype B associated with resistance to protease inhibitors . However, little is known about the frequency and the phenotypic relationship of such substitutions in non-B subtypes. METHO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4421)
Duque V, Holguin A, Melico-Silvestre A, Soriano V;;; Department of Infectious Diseases/Hospitais da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal
BACKGROUND: High genetic variability is a central feature of the Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Heterogeneity originates from the rapid viral turnover and from the lack of proof reading mechanisms during viral replication. Recombination between genetically different strains is another way driving to rapid and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4422)
Chung MH, Renjifo B, Gilbert P, Msamanga G, Mwakagile D, Fawzi W, Essex M;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Vertical transmission of HIV-1 in Africa is the primary source of infection in the pediatric population. During mother to child transmission (MTCT), only one or a few closely related quasispecies are transmitted to the newborn infant. Given that HIV-1 non-B genetic subtypes cause the vast majority of MTCT,
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to assess if 4th generation assays for the combined detection of HIV antigen and anti-HIV antibodies permit to reduce the diagnostic window in comparison to 3rd generation antibody EIAs, which so far showed a poor sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 non subtype B primary infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeA4424)
Watanaveeradej V, Carr JK, Hoelscher M, Benenson M, Brown AE, Birx D, McCutchan FE;;; Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: CRF01-AE ( E ) and subtype B are the two most prevalent subtypes circulating in Thailand . New intersubtype recombinants between these two genetic forms have recently been reported. Therefore an approach to detection of HIV subtype in different regions of the genome is needed. METHODS: Full genome sequences
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4426)
Tedeschi R, Bidoli E, Enbom M, Linde A, Dillner J, Simonelli C, Paoli PD;;; Microbiology-Immunology and Virology Department, NCI, Aviano, Italy
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) associated herpesvirus or Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is involved in the pathogenesis of KS, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and the plasma cell variant of Multicentric Castleman s disease. Viral load is an important marker of activity of viral disease for a number of viruses. Aim: to e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4427)
Kaaya EE, Pyakurel P, Massambu CG, Heiden T, Castanos-Velez E, Enbom M, Biberfeld P;;; Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dept. of Pathology, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) now a frequent tumor in Tanzania develops in a minority of individuals infected with the KS-associated herpes virus KSHV/HHV8 (30-50%), suggesting a complex pathogenesis in KS evolution. Evidently, HIV-1 strongly promotes KS (AKS), but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4428)
Sirianni MC, Vincenzi L, Topino S, Libi F, Scaramuzzi D, Campagna M, Monini P, Ensoli B;;; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND. Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) develops upon reactivation of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection and virus dissemination to blood and tissue cells including endothelial and KS spindle cells where the virus is present mostly in a latent form. However, this requires the evasion of infected cells from the host immune
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeA4429)
Micheletti F, Monini P, Fortini C, Rimessi P, Andreoni M, Giuliani M, Ensoli B, Gavioli R;;; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
BACKGROUND: The human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a human [gamma]2-herpesvirus that is implicated in the development of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma and Castleman s disease. At present very little is known on the immune control in HHV-8-infected individuals. Since cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) response
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4430)
Benson C, Quinn JB, Wakeford C, Moxham C, Rousseau F;;; Univ. of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
BACKGROUND: Emtricitabine (Coviracil®, FTC) is a NRTI with potent activity against HBV and in vitro potency against HIV that is 4-10 times greater than 3TC . In vivo, FTC produced a 2 log10 median decrease in viral load (VL) from baseline when given as 200 mg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4432)
Sanne I, van der Horst C, Shaw A, Hinkle J, Quinn JB, Moxham C, Rousseau F;;; Parktown, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Emtricitabine (Coviracil®, FTC) is a NRTI with potent activity against HBV and in vitro potency against HIV that is 4-10 times greater than 3TC . In vivo, FTC produced a 2 log10 median decrease in viral load (VL) from baseline when given as 200 mg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4433)
Sanne I, Quinn JB, Harris J, Shaw A, Hinkle J, Borroto-Esoda K, Moxham C, Rousseau F;;; Parktown, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Drug resistance represents a major limitation of HAART therapy in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Emtricitabine (Coviracil®, FTC) is a NRTI with potent activity against HBV and in vitro potency against HIV that is 4-10 times greater than
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4434)
Dezube BJ, Proper JA, Zhang JL, Choy VJ, Weeden W, Morrissey J, Carpenter J, Burns E, Dixon JD, O'Loughlin C, Pickering PJ, Crumpacker CS, Gelder FB;;; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: PEHRG214 (HRG) is a novel polyclonal antibody (Ab) preparation produced by immunization of goats with purified HIV proteins followed by booster immunizations with synthetic peptides to HIV epitope regions. The resultant agent has high titer and affinity to multiple HIV epitopes and inhibits a broad spectrum
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4435)
Wild CT, Kilgore NR, Reddick MS, Asfaw YD, Salzwedel KD, Turpin JA, Xie L, Lee KH, Smith PC, Allaway GP, Martin DE;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: The dicamphanoyl khellactone (DCK) compounds potently inhibit replication of HIV-1 by a novel mechanism of action compared to approved drugs. They do not inhibit RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT, but block the production of double-stranded DNA. Their precise molecular target is the subject
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4436)
Fujiwara, Leese, Lippert, Russell;;; Shionogi USA, Inc., Florham Park, United States
BACKGROUND: S-1360, an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, represents a new class of potent anti-HIV agents, showing in vitro anti-HIV activity with an EC50 of 63 ng/mL. S-1360 is currently under development by Shionogi- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals LLC. METHODS: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4437)
McCallister S, Kohlbrenner V, Mayers D;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, United States
BACKGROUND: Tipranavir (TPV) is a novel non-peptidic protease inhibitor with flexible binding to the protease active site that is active against HIV-1 strains resistant to existing protease inhibitors (PIs). Ritonavir (RTV) co-administration enhances TPV levels allowing reduced pill burde
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4438)
Gazzard BG, Pozniak A, Arasteh K, Staszewski S, Rozenbaum W, Yeni P, van 't Klooster G, Dier KD, Peeters M, de Bethune MP, Graham N, Pauwels R;;; Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: TMC125 (R165335) is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with equipotent in vitro activity (EC50 = 1-10 nM) against wild-type HIV-1 and NNRTI-resistant variants encoding L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L and/or G190A/S mutations. The aim was to evaluate the antiviral activity of TMC125 in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4439)
Landay A, Brun S, King M, Marsh T, Murphy R, Hicks C, Eron J, Gulick R, Glesby M, Stryker R, Thompson M, White C, Benson C, Albrecht M, Kessler H, Sun E;;; Rush Medical College, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Kaletra is a coformulation of lopinavir (LPV), an HIV protease inhibitor, and ritonavir (r), which inhibits CYP3A, providing increased plasma levels of LPV. Immunology results reported are from the patient cohort treated with LPV/r for the longest durati
BACKGROUND: Published data on large scale HAART implementation in developing countries are limited. In 2000, Thai MOPH designed a pilot study to assess the feasibility of HAART in district and provincial hospitals in Northern provinces,the highest HIV prevalence in the country. METHODS: From Feb - Oct 2001; 774 adult H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4441)
Nunez M, Soriano V, Martin-Carbonero L, Rodriguez-Rosado R, Diaz B, Gonzalez-Lahoz J;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND. While the use of efavirenz (EFZ)+2 nucleoside analogues (NRTI) is recommended by current guidelines as a first-choice option for the treatment of HIV+ subjects, doubts exist about the performance of nevirapine (NVP)-containing regimens. The objective of the SENC (Spanish
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4442)
Horberg MA, Klein DB, Luu TT, Sinn K;;; Kaiser-Santa Clara, Santa Clara, United States
BACKGROUND: Durability of Nelfinavir (NFV) PI-based HAART regimens has been questioned in some studies. We analyzed our outpatient real world populations to assess this and to determine if any predictors of response could be ascertained. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 2 Kaiser-Permanente HMO clinic populations in t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4443)
Mackie NE, Sabin C, Weston R, Weber JN;;; Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Many clinicians favour a regimen of 2 NRTIs and 1 NNRTI in HAART-naive patients. A retrospective cohort analysis of HAART-naive patients starting a nevirapine (NVP)-containing regimen was performed. METHOD: Case-notes were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess time to virological failure (viral
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4444)
Arribas JR, Pulido F, Miro JM, Costa MA, Gonzalez JJ, Rubio R, Pena JM, Torralba M, Lonca M, Lorenzo A, Cepeda C, Gatell JM;;; Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: There are no data on the efficacy of Efavirenz (EFV)-based HAART in symptomatic AIDS. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of EFV-based HAART in a cohort of severely immunossupressed HIV-infected patients with a high rate of AIDS-defining conditions. Patients: All HIV-infected patients, naive for antiretrovi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4445)
Feinberg J, Eron J, Bernstein B, King M, Manning L, Bertz R, Beall G, Carpio-Cedraro F, Horowitz H, Wheeler D, Kessler H, Mildvan D, Ruane P, Yangco B, Sun E;;; U. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
BACKGROUND. Kaletra is a coformulation of lopinavir (LPV), an HIV protease inhibitor and ritonavir (r), which inhibits CYP3A. When administered at the standard dose of LPV 400mg/r 100mg BID, LPV trough levels exceed the protein binding adjusted IC50 of wild-type vir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4446)
Wit SD, Boulme R, Konopnicki D, Sommereijns B, Protto JP, Van der Meeren O, Clumeck N;;; Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
BACKGROUND: To compare the efficacy, rate of treatment (Tx) discontinuation and impact on lipid profile of nelfinavir (NFV)-based versus boosted-indinavir (IDV) -based triple combination in naive patients (p.). METHODS: All p. starting NFV (1250mg BID, g1) or IDV-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4447)
tkenheuer G, Rieke A, hrmann A, Mauss S, Knechten H, Carls H, Isernhagen K, themann W, Stucker W, Schulz A, Oette M, Wiesel W, Graab M, Rockstroh J;;; University Hospital, Cologne, Koln, Germany
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/r (LPV) has shown excellent virological efficacy and tolerability in randomized clinical trials. However, subjects who might have the greatest benefit from LPV such as patients with very low CD4 count or opportunistic diseases have not been included into these trials. We therefore studied the effi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4448)
Falola O, Ogundahunsi O, Ogun HO, Oduwole MD;;; Sagamu Community Centre, Sagamu, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to document the socio-economic status of HIV positive patients attending a free treatment clinic in Sagamu and observe the treatment outcomes of these patients during ARV Therapy. METHODS: HIV patients attending the Community Health and Primary Care (CMPC) clinic of the Olabisi Onab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4449)
Michel-Treil VP, Light AD, Tau KR;;; Covance CLS, Geneva, Switzerland
Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit for determination of HIV-1 viral loads from plasma. The specimen preparation for testing is a manual and labor-intensive procedure. The Qiagen 9604B BioRobot is an integrated modular workstation for nucleic acid extraction and fluid dispensing. The instrum
BACKGROUND. The efficacy and tolerability of a combination of low dose ritonavir (100 mg) and saquinavir-SGC 1600 mg given in a single daily dose + 2NRTIs has not been compared to a regimen consisting of saquinavir-SGC at conventional dose + 2NRTIs. Preliminary pharmacokinetic and clinical data suggest that once daily
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4451)
Markowitz M, Louie M, Padte N, Vanderhoeven J, Zhong L, Flaherty J, Lamy P, Balagtas A, Coakley D;;; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: TDF is a novel nucleotide RTI developed to treat HIV-1 infection. To assess its potency we determined the slopes of the initial phase of decay of plasma HIV-1 RNA after starting TDF monotherapy. The slope of HIV-1 RNA decay is a function of the decay constant of the actively infected virus producing CD4+ T
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4452)
Chung U, Fichtenbaum CJ;;; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
BACKGROUND: The long-term durability of potent antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in naive patients in clinical practice is not clear. Success rates of clinical trials are not easily translated in clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective review of all persons seen at the University of Cincinnati Infectious Diseases Center
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4453)
Gute P, Dauer B, Stark T, Haberl A, Bickel M, Rickerts V, Jennings B, Staszewski S;;; Frankfurt Cohort Study, Frankfurt, Germany
OBJECTIVE: To determine the durability and tolerability of the triple NRTI regimen ABC/ AZT / 3TC . Change of antiretroviral treatments may be a useful endpoint. Recent cohort data have shown that 50% of treatment-naive patients on HAART remained on their first regimen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4454)
Wester W, Bussmann H, Avalos A, Peter T, Makema J, Reich AM, Ahn S, Sebetso G, Onen C, Mazonde P, Thior I, Essex M, Moffat H, Marlink R;;; Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Introduction: To build infrastructure and evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Botswana , an HIV-1C endemic region, a public outpatient HIV Infectious Disease Care Clinic was established with support from Secure the Future /BMS. METHODS: As part of this ART pilot program, confirmed HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4455)
Bijleveld EH, Squires K;;; International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
OBJECTIVE: To establish whether gender differences exist in toxicity and virologic response in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). METHODS: The Atlantic Study was designed to compare the safety, activity and durability of d4T /
BACKGROUND: IDV combined with RTV 100 mg bid is usually prescribed at the dose of 800 mg bid but recent pharmacokinetic (PK) data (1,2) have shown that IDV 400 mg bid presents a good PK profile and provides a better tolerance. METHODS: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of IDV 800 mg bid group A (gA) versus (vs)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4457)
Lonca M, Martinez E, Milinkovic A, Garcia M, Blanco JL, Perez-Cuevas JB, Murillas J, Garcia F, Mallolas J, Miro JM, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Few data on the use of triple antiretroviral therapy containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in deeply immunossuppressed antiretroviral naive HIV-1-infected patients are available. METHODS: Prospective observational study including consecutive antiretroviral naive HIV-1-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4458)
Voigt E, Wasmuth JC, Braitinger D, Schneider K, Kupfer B, Kaiser R, Mauss S, Schmutz G, Rockstroh JK;;; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r) is a new protease inhibitor (PI) for the therapy of HIV infection. We examined safety, efficacy and possible development of viral resistance under treatment with LPV/r in heavily pretreated patients. METHODS: We monthly determined viral load (VL) and CD4 cell count.
BACKGROUND: While most side effects seen with NVP are mild and transient, approx. 16% of the patients (pts) may develop rashes and in severe cases treatment has to be discontinued. The objective was to assess long-term efficacy, safety (with a focus on rash), and tolerability of different NVP-containing regimens by pre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4460)
Cheng A, Barriere S, Coakley DF, Chen SS, Wulfsohn M, Toole JJ;;; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir DF is a single-tablet, once daily nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against wild type and nucleoside resistant HIV. METHODS: Adverse event (AE) and laboratory data were pooled and analyzed from two Phase 2-3 studies in treatment-experienced patients (mean duration prior ther
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4461)
Nelson MR, Bell C, Bower M, Pozniak A, Gazzard BG;;; Chelsea &Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Aim To describe the results of salvage regimens which include tenofovir . Methods Prospective review of individuals receiving tenofovir as part of their salvage antiviral therapy. Results Between April 2001 and September 2001 120 individuals received tenofovir as part of a salvage regimen. 106 were male, and the mean a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4463)
Nadler J, Gathe J, Pollard R, Richmond G, Liao Q, Lancaster T, Griffith S, Pappa K, Hernandez J;;; Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
BACKGROUND: Pharmacokinetic studies support using reduced-dose amprenavir (APV) with low-dose ritonavir (RTV) due to the ability of RTV to enhance plasma APV exposure; however, clinical data on efficacy, tolerability and safety of APV/RTV 600/100mg BID compared to A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4464)
Corbett AH, Eron JJ, Diebold M, Rezk N, Troiani L, Kashuba AD;;; The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: New potent durable antiretroviral [ARV] salvage therapies are needed. Recently, the use of APV/SQV/r has been proposed. METHODS: This study is a randomized, nonblinded PK investigation of multi-PI-experienced patients currently failing (HIV RNA >1000c/mL) ARV therapy. After genotyping, 5 patients were rando
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4465)
Lori F, Pollard R, Shalit P, Blick G, Peterson D, Lisziewicz J;;; RIGHT c/o Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy, and Washington DC, Italy
BACKGROUND: Dose dependent mitocondrial toxicity of HU in combination with antiretroviral drugs has been shown in vitro and in vivo. However, the optimal dose of HU has not yet been established in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: An open-label, 52-week, HU dose-regimen study of 115 HIV-infected patients, randomized t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4466)
Jugulete G, Dragan MI, Mardarescu M, Petrea S;;; Matei Bals Infectiouse Diseases Institute, Bucharest, Romania
BACKGROUND: There are over 10.000 HIV-infected children registred on Romanian Public Health Ministery. In our clinic we have registred over 950 HIV - infected children, 90 % are treated with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Approximate 80 % from HIV-infected children have three antiretroviral drugs (HAART). OBJECTIVE: To
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4467)
Bussolino C, Palumbo M, Calcagno G, Leo PD, Martines H, Anselmo M;;; Department of Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy
Background of study: Efavirenz (EFV) appears comparable to PI-containing regimens with regard to efficacy. OBJECTIVE:: To assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing EFV. METHODS: Observational, prospective, follow-up study of patients (pts.) HIV+ enrolled in antiretroviral c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4468)
Nelson M, Clotet B, Katlama C, Follansbee S, Cooper D, Adam A, Lazzarin A, Montaner J, Lange J, Van Doren S, Buffels R, Choy G, Zagury L, Rooney J; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: VireadTM is a once daily nucleotide RTI with potent activity against wild-type and nucleoside resistant HIV. A Global EAP was initiated in March 2001 for HIV infected patients who failed prior HAART and had limited treatment options. As of January 14, 2002, 7317 patients were enrolled in the EAP: 3453 (US),
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4469)
Diop Y, Toni TA, Bonard D, Ba-Gomis FO, Sia E, Nguyen VK, Chenal H;;; CIRBA/FMRPS, ABIDJAN, Cote d'Ivoire
BACKGROUND: To date, there have been no prospective clinical trials of HAART in West Africa. This study was conducted to examine whether standard triple combination therapy with Combivir and Indinavir was effective i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4470)
Nadler J, Katner H, Wilson H, Finn TS, Rawlins S, Jensen E, Zeldin R;;; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
BACKGROUND: A number of genetic mutations contributing resistance to PIs has been identified (D30N, M46I/L, V82A/F/T, I84V and L90M). This post-hoc analysis from Protocol 107, an ongoing 48-week, open-label, multicenter study evaluating the safety and virological activity of a b.i.d. regimen of IDV-RTV 800/200 + 2 NRTI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4471)
Hartmann M, Rump A, Brust J, Schuster D, Mosthaf F, Procacchianti M, Klinker H, Petzoldt D;;; University, Heidelberg, Germany
BACKGROUND. Efavirenz (EFV) and Nevirapine (NVP) has been shown to be highly effective in antiretroviral naive patients when used with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in comparison with proteinase inhibitors (PI).
BACKGROUND: To investigate the predictive value of resistance testing in patients (p.) who previously failed protease inhibitor (PI) therapy and were treated with a new regimen including indinavir (IDV) 800mg + ritonavir (RTV) 100mg BID.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4473)
Patterson P, Zala C, Krolewiecki A, Ochoa C, Gun A, Kaufman S, Perez H, Cahn P;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Substitution of a NNRTI (NVP or EFV) for a PI is currently used to simplify complex drug regimen. This can be done using either Abacavir or NNRTIs based approaches. Limited prospective data are available to support the choice of a NNRTI in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of NVP vers
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4474)
Staszewski S, Dauer B, Stephan C, Gute P, Klauke S, Sturmer M;;; JW Goethe-Universitat, Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Frankfurt, Germany
BACKGROUND: In the Frankfurt Cohort Study we have observed a growing number of patients who have lost their RTI treatment options due to resistance or toxicity, but may have PI options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a boosted double PI regimen without RTIs. METHODS: 27 ART-experienced patients in th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4475)
Jacobson LP, Li X, Margolick JB, Conover CS, Riddler SA, Detels R;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral drugs may be switched due to a number of factors including the development of drug resistance but may have limited immunologic benefits due to small number of drug classes, drug cross-resistance and poor adherence. Predictors and consequences of switching regimens were evaluated in the ongoin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4476)
Losina E, Pollock AC, Islam R, Sax PE, Freedberg KA, Walensky RP;;; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of ART in PI-experienced HIV-infected patients has been evaluated in many small studies. However, they report HIV RNA suppression at variable time points and using different HIV RNA detection levels, which limits generalizability of the results. Our objective was to use meta-analysis to estimat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4477)
Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Gregis GP, Quinzan GP, Arici C, Ripamonti D, Passerini-Tosi C, Goglio A, Suter F;;; Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant mutants are a major cause of HAART failure. The knowledge and interpretation of genotypic mutational patterns of viruses escaping therapy are fundamental to improve the outcome of alternative new treatment strategies. We evaluated if virtual phenotype (VP) (Virco, Mechelen, Be
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4478)
Campo RE, Szumiloski J, Lichtenberger PN, Miller N, Hellmann NS, King H, Bates MP, Unger BP, Holder DJ, Condra JH;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that antiviral drug efficacy depends on the relationship between drug exposure and viral drug susceptibility. However, for most drugs in clinical use, the practical limits of that relationship remain to be defined. METHODS: IDV susceptibilities of viruses from 73 patients with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4479)
Mildvan D, Nowling S, Ahmed F, Marshak A;;; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York City, United States
BACKGROUND: Complete data were available from 24 HIV-1 infected patients (pts) at Beth Israel Medical Center who participated in the abacavir (ABC) expanded access program (CNA3008). Pts heavily pretreated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) added ABC and at least one additional drug as a new treatment regimen.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4480)
Green J, Salgo MP, Delehanty J;;; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, United States
BACKGROUND: T-20 is the first of a new class of antiretrovirals called HIV-1 fusion blockers. Phase I/II studies have shown T-20 to have potent antiviral activity against viruses resistant to existing classes of antiretrovirals and to be well tolerated. T-20 is self-administered by twice daily subcutaneous injection. M
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4481)
Loutfy M, Thompson C, Trpeski M, Kovacs C, Rachlis A, Goodhew J, Rubin G, Gough K, Walmsley S;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: Most lopinavir/r (LPV/r) data comes from ARV-naive or PI-experienced but NNRTI-naive patients (pts). However, most pts in the LPV/r expanded access program (EAP) are heavily ARV- and NNRTI-experienced. The study objective was to determine viral and immunologic responses to LPV/r in a large cohort of ARV-exp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4482)
mer K, Salzberger B, tkenheuer G;;; Krankenhaus der Augustinerinnen, Cologne, Germany
BACKGROUND: There are only few therapeutic options for the increasing number of treatment experienced patients. Better concepts for regimens with good antiviral activity, less side effects and less pills are urgently needed. Therefore, we examined the efficacy of a combination therapy including
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4483)
Greenberg KS;;; Rose Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
Background-There is a large segment of HIV positive patients who are highly treatment experienced with prior multiple HAART regimens. These patients often have developed viral resistance; a strategy to overcome this resistance has been to increase the levels of the protease inhibitors (PI) with pharmacokinetic enha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4484)
Novak RM, Greenberg K, Diaz-Linares M, Schutz M, Woodward WC, Kostman JR, Benson P, Rubin DS, Segal-Maurer S;;; University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent studies of delavirdine (DLV) added to lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r) have suggested enhanced pharmacokinetics for LPV compared to LPV/r alone. This observation has lead to the combined use of these agents to enhance the effect of LPV/r for patients i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4485)
Oliveira MS, Lopes MI, Leite OH, Grinsztejn BG, Madruga JV, Caracciolo J, Queiroz S, Pilotto JH, Santana F, Schubach A, Barros M, Galhardo M, Uip DE;;; Casa da AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Despite the number of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs available its overlapping resistance limits the efficacy of salvage therapy. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of Lopinavir/r (LPV/r) in patients who have at least 2 previous treatment failures and were LPV/r naive. The salvage regime was chosen based on pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4486)
Eron J, Bellman P;;; UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Delavirdine (DLV) is a pharmacokinetic enhancer of protease inhibitors (PIs) and a potent NNRTI. Emerging evidence suggests that some HIV variants with multiple nRTI resistance mutations may have increased susceptibility to NNRTIs. DLV therefore may be a useful agent in salvag
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4487)
Schneider S, Sheneberger RL, Cordova R;;; St. Mary Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Multi-drug resistance (MDR) continues to challenge the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of HIV. Long term outcome data on the treatment of MDR-HIV with multi-drug regimens are scant. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluates a cohort of 44 patients initiated on multi drug rescue the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4488)
Casado JL, Moreno A, Hertogs K, Sabido R, Marti-Belda P, Antela A, Dronda F, rez-Elias MJ, Moreno S;;; RAMON Y CAJAL HOSPITAL, MADRID, Spain
BACKGROUND: The inhibitory quotient (IQ, Ctrough/protein-corrected IC50 ratio) could be useful to predict the response to the combination of PI, because it reflects the possibility of overcoming resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response to a RTV+IDV or to a NFV+SQV salvage regimen accor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4489)
Hewitt RG, Cloen D, Olatinwo T;;; State University of New York, Buffalo, United States
BACKGROUND: RTV-boosted APV regimens are frequently employed in salvage therapy to increase APV pharmacokinetic exposure and/or to reduce pill burden, most commonly using 100 mg BID. The effects of efavirenz on RTV-boosted APV have varied across studies, but have not been evaluated when RTV is used as an active compone
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4490)
Patterson P, Zala C, Coll P, Kaufman S, Zapiola I, Gun A, Perez H, Cahn P;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
OBJECTIVE: To report virological outcome and safety of patients who completed 48 weeks of therapy within an expanded access program of Lopinavir/r at a single treatment Center. Patients and METHODS: Between July 00 and Jan 01, ninety seven (97) patients with virological failure to at least 1 PI based combination and mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4491)
Padilla S, Gallego JA, Ardoy F, Masia M, Ramos JM, Escolano C, Navarro A, Hidalgo AM, Perez-Paya F, Gutierrez F;;; Infectious Diseases Unit, Dpt. of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between plasmatic lipids and body fat composition in HIV-infected patients (HIV+). Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Patients: A total of 22 HIV+ with virologic failure enrolled in the Spanish lopinavir/r expanded access program. METHODS: The following variables were m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4492)
Zala C, Patterson P, Coll P, Bouzas MB, Kaufman S, Gun A, Perez H, Cahn P;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate efficacy and safety of a dual boosted PI regimen including Lopinavir/r (LPV) plus Amprenavir (AMP) or Saquinavir (SQV) in heavily pretreated patients. METHODS: Prospective, open label, observational cohort study of patients referred to a sing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4493)
Patterson P, Zala C, Coll P, Kaufman S, Zapiola I, Gun A, rez H, Cahn P;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
OBJECTIVE: To report virological outcome and safety of patients who completed 48 weeks of therapy within an expanded access program of Lopinavir/r at a single treatment Center. Patients and METHODS: Between July 00 and Jan 01, ninety seven (97) patients with virological failure to at least 1 PI based combination and mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4494)
Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Tong TC, Ward DJ, Wood KC, Greenberg AE, Janssen RS;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND-- Protease inhibitor drugs (PIs) for HIV have been linked to hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. METHODS-- To determine if the rate of myocardial infarction (MI), angina, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is increased in HIV-infected patients taking PIs, we a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4495)
Arranz-Caso JA, Asensio O, Rojas R, Casas E, Miguel JD, Sanz J;;; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been recently reported in HIV patients and hypothesized that it may be a consequence of HAART associated metabolic disturbances that favors the deposit of mixedematous material in carpal tunnel. METHODS: We have studied the incidence and clinical features of CTS in HIV patie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4496)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected patients (p) have multiple risk factors for pancreatic disease (HIV itself,HAART,opportunism,pancreotoxic drugs,addiction,liver-biliary disorders),but frequency,severity,outcome,and need of specific therapy are still unknown. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory pancreatic alterations were evaluate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4497)
Paul S, Bogdanov MB, Metakis L, Matson WR, Jacobs J, Beal MF;;; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Side-effects of antiretroviral therapy, including neuropathy, pancreatitis, and lactic acidosis have been attributed to the mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogues. It has been reported that urinary 8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (8OH2 dG), a metabolite of oxidized DNA, is elevated by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4498)
Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
BACKGROUND. Significant increases in plasma lipid levels have been reported in association with protease inhibitor (PI)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and prolonged metabolic imbalances could significantly act on the long-term prognosis and outcome of HIV-infected individuals. Patients and METHODS.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4499)
Pavia A, Olson JS, Mauney J, Wills B;;; Univ of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
BACKGROUND: Anemia and neutropenia due to HIV and antiretroviral therapy can negatively impact QOL. The START trials randomized 409 ART naive patients (331 men) with CD4 >200/mm3 and HIV-1 RNA >5,000-10,000 c/mL to d4T / 3TC vs.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4500)
Henry K, Erice A, Balfour H, Webb J, Schmeling M, Berthiaume J, Wallace K;;; HCMC/U of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
BACKGROUND: Long-term antiretroviral therapy provides clinical benefit but can be associated with toxicity. The mechanisms causing toxicity are being actively investigated. Mitochondrial (mt) toxicity (manifested as decreased mt DNA in cells) has been proposed as a unifying hypothesis for some of the NRTI-associated to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4501)
Andrade A, Flexner C, Kim S, Sears C;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of protease inhibitors (PI s) therapy. We previously reported that dietary lactose exacerbates nelfinavir-associated diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NFV affects cellular lactase activity. Methods and RESULTS: Confluent polarized CaCo-2 cells w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4502)
Guest JL, DeSilva KE, Flaherty TD, Le FLore DB, Rimland D;;; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, United States
BACKGROUND: To determine whether patients with a history of mental health disorder (MHD) and/or substance abuse (SA) starting an efavirenz-containing regimen (EFV) have different rates of central nervous system (CNS) effects than do patients without these issues. METHODS: All patients in the HIV Atlanta VA Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver toxicity are probably less common with efavirenz than with other antiretrovirals, such as protease inhibitors . Nevertheless, information about these side effects is limited, and more data are needed.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4504)
Tashima KT, Urbina B, Carpenter CC;;; Brown Medical School, Providence, United States
BACKGROUND: Since recognition in 1997 of profound changes in fat distribution in many HIV-infected patients who received HAART regimens including PIs, efforts have been directed toward finding a means of reversing these changes. Although changes to non-PI based HAART regimens have generally prevented further progressio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4505)
Guelar A, Vallecillo G, Knobel H, Colomes JL, Gimeno JL, Aymar I, Diez A;;; Dept. Infectious Diseases. Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND. Recent reports have outlined bone loss in HIV-infected patients. However, the role of antiviral therapy, mostly protease inhibitors (PI) or HIV itself as the cause of osteopenia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients on stable protease inhibito
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4506)
Miro O, Casademont S, pez S, Pedrol E, Soler A, Beato A, Cardellach F;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Introduction: Mitochondria have been advocated to participate in pathophysiology of lipodystrophy associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We studied the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) function in a group of HIV patients under HAART who developed lipodystrophy, and compare the results with a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4507)
Poizot-Martin I, Marimoutou C, Bouhnik AD, Vion-Dury F, Drogoul-Vey MP, Portugal H, Gastaut JA;;; CISIH-Sud Hopital Ste Marguerite,InsermU379, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: Long-term treatment by antiretroviral nucleoside analogues has been demonstrated as associated to mitochondrial dysfunction and lactic acidosis which occurs with a low frequency but with a high lethal rate. Our purpose was to measure prevalence, incidence and evolution of high lactic acid measurement by a s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4508)
Cazorla CC, Raffi F, Lassalle R, Cassuto JP, Barennes C, Vilde JL, Leport C, Michelet C, Chene G;;; Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hopital Bellevue, Saint Etienne, France
BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin is a strong prognosis factor of mortality, even in the context of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Our study aimed at studying factors associated with incident anemia in a French multicenter cohort of HIV-1 infected patients started on protease inhibitors (PI), APROCO-ANRS EP 11 Study. M
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4509)
Paulsen DM, Hill BJ, McComsey G, Ross LL;;; GlaxoSmithKline, RTP, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: In vitro studies have shown that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) may inhibit mitochondrial (mt) DNA replication, suggesting that depleted mt number or function may account for some NRTI toxicities. Mitochondrial toxicity has been associated with NRTI-mediated lipodystrophy (LD) in HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4510)
Bauerle M, Schmitt M, Ropers D, Dechant C, Low P, Kalden JR, Manger B, Harrer T;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been described primarily in untreated HIV-1 infected patients. We describe two HIV-1 infected patients developing a severe PH on a successful HAART. Case 1: The homosexual patient with CMV retinitis was treated with IDV, D4T,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4511)
rez-Mas JR, az I, Munoz J, Mateo M, Paredes R, Lacal A, Herrera S, Montero F, Farrerons JF, Domingo P;;; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Osteopenia has been recognized as an adverse event related to antiretroviral therapy. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear and it is uncertain whether HIV-infection may cause osteopenia by itself. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are differences in bone mineral density in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 inf
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4512)
Brambilla P, Mora S, Monti L, Manzoni P, Riva S, Renzetti F, Bricalli D, Vigano' A;;; Chair of Paediatrics L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: We have recently shown that increased central fat and peripheral lipoatrophy are common features in HIV-infected children receiving HAART (HIV+). Lipodystrophy and metabolic changes are often related in HAART-treated adults. Paediatric data are lacking. METHODS: Thirty-seven HIV+, 8 with (L+) and 29 without
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4513)
Pan A, Testa S, Bassi L, Carosi G, Carnevale G, Denti N, Ferrari L, Morstabilini G, Voltini G, Tinelli C, Maserati R, Seminari E, Roldan EQ;;; Clinica di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Spedali Civili - Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Background- An increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, possibly due to the alteration in lipid and glucose metabolism, but also to HIV itself. The objective of this study is to evaluate the haemostatic parameters of cardiovascular risk in patien
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4514)
Costa A, Pulido F, Rubio R, Cepeda C, Torralba M, Costa JR;;; Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidaemia has been associated with protease inhibitor use. Amprenavir therapy seems to have less impact on lipid levels, but its influence on lipids when boosted with ritonavir has not been described. METHODS: We studied 31 pretreated patients (med
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4515)
McGregor L, Angel JB, Clinch J, Giguere P;;; Department of Pharmacy, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
Introduction: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is common in HIV infection and one potential contributing factor is antiretroviral therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SD in persons with HIV infection and to evaluate if SD is associated with the use of protease inhibitor (PI) based therapy. MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4516)
Hittinger G;;; Chalucet, Toulon, France
BACKGROUND: NRTI are involved in mitochondrial toxicity diseases. Ribavirin can enhance the risk of mitochondrial toxicity, particularery pancreatitis and lactic acidosis. METHOD: in our unit,since 1999, 38 HIV patients under HAART have been treated for C hepatitis with ribavirin and interferon alpha. It is a populatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4517)
Vilar FJ, Thomson W, Alfirevic A, Maher B, Ollier WE, Park BK, Pirmohamed M;;; Department of Infectious Diseases &Tropical Medicine, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The most effective treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). The use of this drug in patients with HIV has been hampered by the high frequency of hypersensitivity reactions. The mechanisms of hypersensitivity are likely to be multifactorial involving genetic m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4518)
Negredo E, Guerola R, Miranda J, Arisa ER, Jou A, Tural C, Ballesteros A, Sirera G, Bonjoch A, Romeu J, Clotet B;;; Lluita contra SIDA. Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Bacelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with hypertriglyceridemia/ hypercholesterolemia, mainly in patients treated with PI-containing regimens, increasing the cardiovascular risk. Pravastatin may be the statin less susceptible to interact with the CYP3A4 inhibitors such as PIs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4519)
Martin MT, Tuset M, Martinez-Chamorro E, Cacho ED, Clares M, Codina C, Milinkovic A, Blanco JL, Ribas J;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Reintroduction of abavavir can be undertaken with close monitoring if the drug has been discontinued for reasons other than a hypersensitivity reaction. As nonadherence is not uncommon, we conducted a study to assess the risk of adverse reactions after restarting abacavir the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4520)
Torralba M, Rubio R, Pulido F, Costa A, Cepeda C, Costa JR, Palacio A;;; Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To compare the occurrence of neurotoxicity, rash and hepatotoxicity adverse events in NEV and EFV-treated patients and to study the rate of treatment suspension due to toxicity in both. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 331 HIV infected patients treated with either a regimen containing EFV (186
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4521)
Bruno R, Sacchi P, Gazzaruso C, Ciappina V, Zocchetti C, Conti M, Maffezzini E, Filice G;;; IRCCS San Matteo Hospital - University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
BACKGROUND : Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of liver disease similar to alcoholic hepatitis in absence of alcohol abuse. Syndrome X describe a cluster (hypertrigliceridemia, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol and disturbances in glucose metabolism) of metabolic abnormalities strictly related to insulin r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4522)
Filice C, Geroldi D, Sacchi P, Bruno R, Zocchetti C, Conti M, D'Angelo A, Meroni V, Brunetti E, Filice G;;; IRCCS San Matteo Hospital - University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
BACKGROUND: HIV patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CAD) because of therapy related metabolic abnormalities. Lpa is a recognized genetic risk factor for CAD. Aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Lpa expression among HIV patients and its possible influence on lipid levels. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4523)
Cursi L, Fodor L, Cancrini C, Bernardi S, Rossi P, Castelli-Gattinara G;;; Bambino Gesu - University of Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study is to evaluate body shape modifications and lipid metabolism abnormalities in 50 HIV infected children and adolescents treated with HAART. METHODS: Mean and median age at entry was 11 years (SD+ 4), 52% were male. One third (30%) of children were therapy naive at entry, 35 were pre-treated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4524)
Calmy A, Hirschel B, Pernin A, Hans D, Karsegard L, Mermillod B, Meier CA;;; University hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Glitazones are new drugs used for the treatment of type II diabetes. They enhance insulin sensitivity and promote adipogenesis, and hence could be beneficial in the treatment of lipodystrophy. We have assessed the effect of pioglitazone treatment on body fat and serum leptin levels in patients with HAART-in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4525)
Taubald A, Ropers D, Pohle K, Menendez T, Schmitt-Handle M, Baurele M, Daniel WG, Kalden JR, Achenbach S, Harrer T;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: There are concerns that HAART, especially therapy with protease inhibitors , could be associated with enhanced arteriosclerosis and an increased frequency of myocardial infarctions in HIV-1 infected patients. To analyse risk factors for coronary heart disease we measured the degree of coronary calcification
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4526)
Negredo E, Sirera G, Puig J, Fumaz CR, Gel S, Clotet B;;; Lluita contra SIDA Foundation. Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Management of nelfinavir-related diarrhoea E NEGREDO, G SIRERA, J PUIG, CR FUMAZ, GEL S, B CLOTET. Lluita contra la SIDA Found. Hosp. Germans Trias i Pujol. Barcelona. Spain . BACKGROUND: Nelfinavir-related diarrhoea is the most common adverse event in patients who begin nelfinavir-based combination regimens. Up to 25%
Bakground: To describe efficacy and toxicity of HAART in patients treated since primary HIV infection (PHI). METHODS: Since May 1997 all patients with PHI were included in a cohort study. PHI was defined as a positive plasma HIV RNA with either an evolving Western blot response plus clinical symptoms compatible with PH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4528)
Bonarek M, Bonnet F, Abridj A, Mercie P, Dupon M, Gemain MC, Malvy D, Bernard N, Pellegrin JL, Beylot J, Morlat P;;; Hospital Saint-Andre, Bordeaux, France
Backgrounds: Symptomatic lactic acidosis requiring intensive care is a rare and severe adverse event related to the mitochondrial toxicity of the nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the clinical and biological features of HIV-infected patients who had sev
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4529)
Moreno A, rez-Elias MJ, Casado JL, Antela A, Dronda F, rmudez E, Moreno L, Marti-Belda P, Moreno S;;; RAMON Y CAJAL HOSPITAL, MADRID, Spain
BACKGROUND: antiretroviral drugs-related adverse events (ART-AES) play a critical role on the long-term effectiveness of HAART, specially in naive patients starting therapy. Objectives and methods: to describe the features and outcome of ART-AES in all naive patients starting HAART at an HIV clinic from March 1996-Dece
BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders are frequent complications of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Our purpose was to describe the incidence of glucose metabolism alteration (GMA) and insulin resistance in HAART treated HIV infected patients. METHOD: Screening of lipodystrophy has been realiz
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4531)
Tellol LM, Sierra C, Lopez-Vilchez MA, Martinez L, Noguera A, Fortuny C;;; Sant Joan de Deu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: In the second half of the 90 s, with the advent of HAART, a series of abnormalities in body fat redistribution and metabolism - lipodystrophy (LD) - emerged. This fat-wasting condition has been linked to the use of protease inhibitors (PI) and nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4532)
Milinkovic A, Martinez E, Tortajada C, Claramonte X, del Rio A, Perez-Cuevas JB, Blanco JL, Garcia M, Murillas J, Mallolas J, Gatell JM, Miro JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The effect of discontinuing antiretroviral therapy on the evolution of plasma lipids and body fat is poorly known. METHODS: After at least 12 months (median 23, range: 12-45) of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including d4T plus
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4533)
Fortuny C, Vilaseca MA, Artuch R, Sierra C, Munoz MC, Lopez-Vilches MA, Martinez L, Jimenez R;;; Pediatric Integrated Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Serum carnitine deficiency as well as carnitine depletion has been described in HIV-infected adults, but only few data on carnitine status have been reported in children. Carnitine depletion seems to be associated with the use of antiretroviral therapies. METHODS carnitine profile of 79 HIV-infected childre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4534)
Dietrich DT, Becker SL, Fusco JS, Balu RB, Most BM, Stern J, Lanes S, Fusco GP;;; Liberty Medical LLP, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Hepatotoxicity (HT) has emerged as a major complication of ART and limits the use of antiretroviral agents. HBV and HCV coinfection have been identified as risk factors. The incidence of HT among various classes of ART remains unclear. This analysis evaluates HT in patients during their first HAART regimen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4535)
Domingo P, Sambeat MA, Arroyo JA, Cadafalch J, Fontanet A, Gomila M, Fuster M, Martinez-Bru C, Gurgui M, Vazquez G;;; Hospital de St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Indinavir is known to cause in some instances renal failure associated or not to nephrolitiasis Aim of the study: to prospectively follow-up markers of renal function in patients randomized to receive either indinavir (IDV) or nevirapine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4536)
Domingo P, Sambeat MA, Arroyo JA, Fontanet A, Ordonez J, Cadafalch J, Fuster M, Orellana I, Gurgui M, Vazquez G;;; Hospital de St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral therapy is known to induce disturbances of lipid metabolism Aim of the study: to compare the lipid profile of patients randomized to receive either indinavir or nevirapine together with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4537)
Parkes R, McDonald C, Foxton M, Drejovic B, Nelson M, Knisely A, Portmann B, Heaton N, Norris S, Taylor C;;; Department of HIV/Sexual Health, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Between 1995 and October 2001, King s College Hospital performed 11 orthotopic liver transplants (LTX) in 10 known HIV infected patients with fulminant or chronic liver disease. Hepatic steatosis is a complication of nucleoside analogue therapy. The mechanism being gamma polymerase inhibition, leading to mi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4538)
Gomila M, Domingo P, Sambeat MA, Arroyo JA, Cadafalch J, Fontanet A, Fuster M, Orellana I, Marinez-Bru C, Gurgui M, Vazquez G;;; Hospital de St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), specially nevirapine are known to cause hepatic dysfunction, and in some instances hepatitis. Aim of the study: to prospectively follow-up liver function tests in patients randomized to receive either indinavir (IDV) or nevirapine (NVP) together with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4539)
Rapaport S, Maroldo-Connelly L, Patterson JB, Stevens RC;;; St. Vincents Hosp and Medical Ctr &West Midtown Medical Group, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r) reduced the AUC of methadone by 47% in healthy volunteers; however, the clinical significance of this interaction has not been characterized. The objective of this observational study was to determine the effect of LPV/r on methadone dose requirements and opiate withdrawal in HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4540)
Agrofoglio LA, Mesplet N, Saito Y, Morin P;;; ICOA UMR CNRS 6005, Orleans, France
BACKGROUND: The 2 ,3 -dideoxynucleosides (ddNs) are among the most potent of nucleoside analogues active against human immunodeficiency virus in cell culture. Activation occurs via the intracellular conversion to the 5 -triphosphate, the kinase-mediated formation of the monophosphate being the rate limiting step and, t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4541)
Paech V, Lorenzen T, von Krosigk A, Graefe K, Stoehr A;;; IFI, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: Gynaecomastia in HIV-infected men due to HAART has been reported casuistically only with respect to several antiretroviral drugs. This investigation was done to analyze occurrence of gynaecomastia in a population of 470 HIV-infected men under consideration of possible relations to antiretroviral regimen. ME
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4542)
Patel IH, Lalezari J, Dorr A, Hawker N, Siddique Z, Kolis S, Kinchelow T, Zhang X;;; Roche, Nutley, NJ, United States
OBJECTIVES.T-20 is the first of a novel class of HIV drugs which blocks gp41-mediated viral fusion to host cells. It is preferentially injected subcutaneously (SC) in abdomen in HIV-1 infected patients. T-20 SC absorption is complex and the location of injection site may affect its bioavailability. The study was design
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4543)
Sanz J, Oliva J, Perez-Molina JA, Rubio R, Sanz-Moreno J, Marino A, Moreno S;;; Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: There is controversy with regard to the coadministration of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and RF in HIV-infected patients with TB. No clinical data exists on the coadministration of RF and NVP. METHODS: Observational, multicenter study. All HIV-infected patients with TB who received concom
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4544)
Kewn S, Wang LH, Rousseau F, Hoggard PG, Back DJ;;; University of LIverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: (-)-beta-d-1,3-dioxolane guanosine (DXG) and its prodrug 2,6-diaminopurine (DAPD) are novel nucleoside analogs with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DAPD is deaminated to DXG which is then phosphorylated to DXG-triphosphate (DXGTP). DXGTP competes with endogenous dGTP and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4545)
Ribera E, Diaz M, Pou L, Ruiz L, Ruiz I, Ocana I, Falco V;;; Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The objective was to report the serum steady-state PKs of lopinavir(LPV), saquinavir (SQV) and ritonavir (RTV) administrated as triple PI combination in HIV-infected adults. METHODS: Twenty-one patients included in a multiple drug rescue therapy study were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4546)
Wang LH, Begley J, Feng J, Quinn J, Rousseau F;;; Triangle Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Emtricitabine , a potent cytosine nucleoside analog, is in Phase III development as a once daily drug to treat HIV and HBV infections. FTC is activated by intracellular phosphorylation to its 5 -triphosphate (TP), an alternate substrate inhibitor of the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) and HBV DNA polymerase.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4547)
Smith GH, Klien MB, Murphy T, Macleod JD, Routy JP, LeBlanc RP, Rene P, Gilmore N, Lalonde RG;;; Immunodeficiency Service/Royal Victoria Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: RIT has been used to boost serum levels of SQR and Indinavir (IND) in the hope of overcoming low level resistance to protease inhibitors . We evaluated the virologic response to pharmacokinetic boosting of LOP and SQR by low dose RIT in highly pretreated pts.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4548)
Friedland G, Rainey P, Jatlow P, Andrews L, Damle B, McCance-Katz E;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States
BACKGROUND: PK interactions between HIV and substance abuse therapies may alter the distribution and efficacy / toxicity profile of each or both. Methadone alters gastric motility and may decrease bioavailability of co-administered drugs. In a previous study, pts receiving methadone with the tablet formulation of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4549)
Hawley P, Diniz-Piraino S, Paxton W, Pesano R, Chikami G;;; Pfizer Global Research&Development, San Diego, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Capravirine is a NNRTI with a novel resistance profile in clinical development. When vasculitis was discovered in a toxicology study in dogs exposed to higher doses of capravirine, further clinical development of the compound was stopped by FDA in January, 2001. This work describes the results of a monitori
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4550)
Kuwahara T, Uehira T, Oda S, Yoshino M, Toh J, Akano T, Shirasaka T;;; Department of Pharmacy, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitors, including NFV, are largely metabolized by hepatic enzymes. M8 is a major metabolite of NFV detected in plasma, and shows active against HIV replication as well as NFV in vitro. CYP2C19, one of cytocrome P-450 enzymes, is presumed to be responsible for converting NFV into M8. Poor metabo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4551)
Chandler B, Ford J, Owen A, Khoo SH, Back DJ;;; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a transport protein which is expressed in lymphocytes and other tissues. HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) have been shown to be substrates for P-gp raising the possibility that P-gp mediated efflux may contribute to sub-therapeutic drug levels and treatment failure. In this in vitro st
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4552)
Gerber JG, Acosta EP, Wu H, Walawander A, Eron JJ, Pettinelli C, Yu S, Neath D, Ferguson E, Saah A, Kuritzkes DR;;; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: The success of dual protease inhibitor (PI) regimens in salvage therapy depends on achieving drug exposure high enough to overcome partially resistant isolates. A5055 is a salvage study designed to evaluate the PK, safety, and tolerability of twice daily IDV/RTV comparing 800mg/200mg (Arm A) to 400mg/400mg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4553)
Reddy YS, Troiani L, Pereira A, Kim J, van Kempen A, Cohen M, Kashuba AD;;; Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: Adequate CONC of antiretrovirals (ARV) in the SP may reduce the selection and transmission of drug resistant variants. Penetration of ZDV/ 3TC in the SP of HIV-1 infected men was evaluated based on individual SP:BP CONC ratios and AUC0-12hr ratios. METHODS: 14 men receiving ZDC/3TC as part of a stable ARV r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4554)
Kaul S, Agarwala S, Hess H, Behr D, Nichola P, Xie JD, Gale J;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: Stavudine extended release ( d4T XR) was developed to simplify HIV therapy. Two open-label, randomized, crossover studies with healthy subjects assessed the impact of light or high-fat meals on the PK of 100mg QD d4T XR.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4555)
Kaul S, Agarwala S, Hess H, Nichola P, Gale J, O'Mara E;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: Stavudine extended release ( d4T XR) was developed to simplify HIV therapy. The current, immediate release (IR) formulation (Cmax, AUC) is dose proportional. It was hypothesized that d4T XR (Cmax, AUC) would be dose proportional at 37.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4556)
Garg V, Brill M, Beeler L, Pottage J, Rodriquiz A, Campo R, Tanner T, Jayaweera D;;; Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to antiretrovirals among patients with multiple social problems, substance abuse, and lack of HIV-specific knowledge may be overcome by direct observed therapy (DOT) using a simplified dosing regimen. The objective of this study was to determine if a HAART regimen with once daily doses of 120
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4557)
Bergshoeff AS, Fraaij PL, Wolfs TF, Geelen SP, de Groot R, Burger DM;;; University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: High interindividual variability in PK of protease inhibitors (PI) in children may put them at increased risk for subtherapeutic drug levels. We aimed to describe the PK of the PI NFV and its active metabolite M8 in children. Particular attention was paid to children below 2 years old, since very sparse PK
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4558)
Loutfy M, Thompson C, Trpeski M, Kovacs C, Rachlis A, Goodhew J, Rubin G, Gough K, Walmsley S;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that when co-administered with lopinavir/r (LPV/r), amprenavir (APV) levels are 40-83% lower; however, there is limited clinical data. This study s objective was to compare responses between patients (pts) with VL failure treated with salvage therapy containing LPV/r and APV vs.
BACKGROUND: Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) have potential negative pharmacokinetic (PK) impact with protease inhibitors . Data however are inconsistent and the extent of the interactions appears to be determi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4560)
Reynolds HE, Gibbons SE, Tjia JF, Khoo SH, Back DJ;;; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Introduction: Amprenavir (APV) in combination with Kaletra (lopinavir/ ritonavir ; LPV/r) is becoming increasingly used in clinical practice and there have been conflicting reports of a pharma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4561)
Stephan CJ, Lutz T, Kurowski M, Gute P, Staszewski S;;; JWG-University Hospital, Infektionsambulanz Haus 68, Frankfurt, Germany
BACKGROUND: A class sparing double boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI) therapy should be a considerable alternative in patients who cannot take Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI) due to resistance or toxicity. However pharmaco-kinetic (PK) profiles of double boosted PI regimen and potential pharmaco-interaction is not
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4562)
Hofer CB, Schechter M, Harrison LH;;; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
BACKGROUND. Brazil provides antiretroviral therapy (ART) to HIV infected persons free of charge. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with ART failure in patients receiving free therapy in Brazil. METHODS. Case-control study of adults taking ART for 6-24 months in 5 clinics in Rio de Janeir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4563)
Raffi F, Nieto L, Hernandez-Jacome M, Pedro RJ, Gargalianos P, Felice G, Lazzarin A, Tansley R, Popescu M;;; Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Nantes, France
BACKGROUND: Low doses of rtv added to standard doses of NFV in healthy volunteers led to elevations in NFV plasma concentrations and its active metabolite M8. The Optivir study was initiated to assess PK and clinical implications of this combination in HIV patients. METHODS: An ongoing randomized clinical study compari
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4564)
Foster BC;;; Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND. Deficiencies of retinol (vitamin A) and its precursor trans-[beta]-carotene (BC) have been associated with an accelerated progression of HIV infection to AIDS. However, there is little evidence that vitamin A supplementation, beyond correction of the deficiency, is beneficial in HIV infection. There have be
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4565)
Bertz R, Foit C, Burt D, Grebner K, Marsh T, Bernstein B, Brun S, Chiu YL, King M, Hsu A, Granneman GR, Sun E;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r) is an HIV protease inhibitor (PI) metabolized by CYP3A, with mean protein binding-corrected inhibitory quotient (IQ=Ctrough/IC50) >75 for wild type HIV at 400/100 mg (3 capsules) BID. The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4567)
de Maat MM, Huitema AD, Mulder JW, Meenhorst PL, van Gorp EC, Beijnen JH;;; Slotervaart Hospital, Dept. of Pharmacy &Pharmacology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
OBJECTIVE: To explore the population PK of NVP and to describe the influence of patient characteristics on the PK of NVP in an population that reflects the daily situation at our outpatient clinic. METHODS: Data were collected from January 1998 to April 2000. The PK of NVP were described with a one-compartment model wi
Background GIGHAART is an open multicenter randomized trial comparing the efficacy of an immediate (Arm A) vs a differed (Arm B) multidrug salvage therapy in HIV-infected patients (pts) with severe virological and immunological failure. The objective was to evaluate the impact of multiple antiretroviral drugs (ARV) int
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4569)
Almond LM, Chandler B, Hoggard PG, Owen A, Khoo SH, Back DJ;;; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed in many cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes and at the blood brain barrier. Numerous in vitro studies show that PIs are both substrates and inhibitors of P-gp and influence the cellular disposition of antiretrovirals and other drugs. To date ther
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4570)
Aarnoutse R, Wasmuth J, tkenheuer G, Schneider K, Reiss P, Burger D, Rockstroh J;;; University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: It has been stated that the combination of indinavir (IDV) and low-dose ritonavir (RTV) (800/100 mg BID) can be taken without regard to food, but the pharmacokinetics (PK) of this regimen have only been evaluated after administration with food.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4571)
Peytavin G, Lamotte C, Marcelin AG, Delaugerre C, Mohand H, Bonmarchand M, Bossi P, Ktorza N, Bricaire F, Costagliola D, Katlama C, Calvez V;;; Bichat hospital, Paris, France
Background Combining ritonavir (RTV) with amprenavir (APV) produces a significant increase in APV minimal plasma concentrations (Cmin) by inhibiting its hepatic metabolism. Previous studies in HIV-infected naive patients (pts) have suggested that APV antiviral effic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4572)
van Heeswijk RP, Cooper C, Gallicano KD, Carignan G, Khaliq Y, Seguin I, Hawley N, Angel J, Badley AD, Garber G, Cameron DW;;; The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the pharmacokinetics (PK) of saquinavir / ritonavir 400/400 mg bid (SQV/RTV) in HIV-1-infected patients, before, and after short- and long-term co-administration of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4573)
Degen O, Kurowski M, van Lunzen J, Buhk T, Stellbrink HJ;;; University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Medical department, Hamburg, Germany
BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of concomitant NNRTI treatment on lopinavir/r (LPV) pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Steady-state PK of LPV, NVP and EFV over 8 hours of 10 HIV-infected patients were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectometry (LC-MS). All pts. received concomitant RTIs, 4 additional
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4574)
Limoli KL, Trinh LH, Heilek-Snyder GM, Hellmann NS, Petropoulos CJ;;; ViroLogic, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The ability of the ViroLogic PhenoSense HIV Assay to measure susceptibility of HIV-1 (patient) samples to antiretroviral drugs provides physicians with a powerful tool to individually tailor treatment regimens. To improve the pharmacological relevance of data obtained with this in vitro phenotypic resistanc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4575)
Ward DJ, Zetoony M;;; Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been used in evaluating treatment of diseases requiring drugs with narrow therapeutic indices. TDM of protease inhibitors (PIs) has recently become readily available, and may be clinically useful in the management of HIV patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4576)
Donahue JP, Dowdy D, Ratnam KK, Price J, McKinsey J, Unutmaz D, Nicotera J, Raffanti S, Becker M, Haas DW;;; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
BACKGROUND: Both NFV and M8 inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro. P-gp effluxes HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) out of some cells and tissues. To determine whether NFV therapy inhibits systemic P-gp activity in vivo we quantified inhibition of lymphocyte P-gp under near-physiologic conditions by 1) purified NFV and M8 in 9
OBJECTIVE: Is pharmacological monitoring of IDV/RTV combination useful in clinical practice? METHODS: Retrospective observational study. Pharmacological dosages (Cmin, Cmax), dose changes, side effects, virological efficacy, studied in all patients (pts) treated with IDV/RTV combination RESULTS: From Jun 99 to Dec 01,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4578)
Woehrmann A, Schmeisser N, Rockstroh J, Rubbert A, Wyen C, Schmitz K, Faetkenheuer G;;; University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
BACKGROUND: To estimate safety and efficacy of nevirapine as a second line non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) after discontinuation of efavirenz due to adverse effects. METHODS: We identified 29 HIV-positive patients in our database who were tre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4579)
Ferguson NM, Fraser C, Hsu A, Granneman GR, Molla A, Kempf D, Sun E, Anderson RM;;; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Pharmacodynamic (PD) measures of antiviral inhibitory action (i.e. EC50 and EC90) using single endpoint measurements of reductions of in-vitro MT4 killing or viral replication induced by drug have been used as predictors of in-vivo PD action. However, a better reflection of in-vivo effect is expected from e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4580)
Blanco JL, Sarasa M, Arnedo M, Milinkovic A, Lopez-Pua Y, Martinez E, Murillas J, Garcia M, Pumarola T, Carne X, Gatell JM, Mallolas J;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Elevating the trough levels of protease inhibitors (PIs) with ritonavir has shown to be an interesting strategy to intensify their antiviral activity. Data in HIV-1 infected patients has not shown if APV/RTV, at two different doses 600/100 BID and 1200/200 QD, is effective in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4581)
Blanco J, Mallolas J, Arnedo M, Sarasa M, Lopez-Pua Y, Milinkovic A, Martinez E, Garcia M, Lonca M, Pumarola T, Carne T, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Lopinavir/ ritonavir , in combination with other antiretroviral agents, has shown virologic activity in multiple PI-experienced failing patients. We tested if failing patients with a IP-containing HAART could be rescued by switching the PI to lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 twice a day (BID).
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4582)
Valer L, Gonzalez de Requena D, de Mendoza C, Labarga P, Henarejos AG, Guerrero F, Vergara A, Soriano V;;; Services of Infectious Diseases.Hospital Carlos III.Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: PI plasma levels often are close to EC50 values of WT viruses when administered at standard doses. However, boosting their levels with RTV may overcome low-level of resistance in multitreated patients with mutations at either RT and/or PRO genes. We have examined the impact of HIV genotyping and drug levels
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4583)
Pillay C, Gray G, Stevens G, Jivkov B, Violari A, Stevens W, McIntyre J, Morris L;;; AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The use of short-course anti-retroviral drug therapies in HIV infected pregnant women and their infants has had a major impact in reducing perinatal transmission. One of the potential obstacles to the success of these therapies is the emergence of HIV-1 drug resistant variants. METHODS: Plasma samples from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4584)
Parker M, Waters M, Agins B, Reilly B, Bennett R, Aydemir A, Drusano G, Taylor J;;; NYSDOH, Wadsworth Center, Albany, United States
BACKGROUND: The Resistance Study is a prospective, multi-site study of HIV-1 drug resistance in New York State (NYS). In Study I, reported here, we examine the prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-naive persons and treatment-experienced persons off therapy for >/= 6 months (therapy-experienced). METHODS: Individu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4585)
Hernandez J, Ruane P, Yau L, Hessenthaler S, Lanier ER;;; GlaxoSmithKline, RTP, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV tends to develop resistance first to the most effective antiretroviral(s) with the lowest resistance barrier(s). This analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of primary NNRTI and 3TC associated mutations. METHODS: Genotypes and virtual phenotypes (vPT) were conducted by VircoGen.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4586)
Uhlmann E, Tebas P, Storch GA, Powderly WG, Lie Y, Bates M, Hellman NS, Arens MQ;;; Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
BACKGROUND: Cross resistance is common among the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). G190A appears in 5-15% of the patients treated with nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV) who develop clinical resistance.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4587)
Lanier ER, Liao Q, Cohen C, Swindells S, Berger D, Tashima K, Pobiner B, Griffith S, Hernandez J;;; GlaxoSmithKline, RTP, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Compact, potent PI-sparing regimens with no overlapping toxicities and resistance profiles may be useful as second-line therapies for HIV infection. METHODS: The objective of NZTA4008 was to evaluate virologic response (VRP) to ABC/ ddI /EFV +/- HU in subjects failing initial antiretroviral regimens of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4588)
Stuermer M, Hermschulte Y, Hanke N, Staszewski S, Doerr HW;;; Institute for Medical Virology / University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
OBJECTIVE: To build up a database of genotypic HIV-1 resistance test results and investigate the distribution and accumulation of mutational patterns. Material and METHODS: A total of 1403 Reverse Transcriptase and 688 Protease sequences of HIV-1 were collected in the Frankfurt resistance database. Three different meth
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4589)
Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Ripamonti D, Rizzi M, Arici C, Camacho GA, Goglio A, Suter F;;; Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
BACKGROUND: Mega-HAART and STI are used in multiple treatment failures. We propose a new approach for heavily pre-treated patients. SST (selective salvage therapy) is a genotypic driven ARV therapy rapidly changed according to the emergence of new viral populations so to achieve an ever changing selective pressure. MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4590)
Wainberg MA, Brenner B, Routy JP, Spira B, Petrella M, Essebag V, Conway B, Sekaly RP;;; McGill University AIDS Centre, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND. We have examined the persistence and fitness of multidrug-resistant (MDR) viruses acquired during primary HIV infection (PHI). METHODS. Longitudinal sequence analysis was performed on plasma or PBMC samples obtained from PHI patients acquiring MDR infections. Changes in genotype and viremia over time were a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4591)
Rubio AE, Kijak GH, Pampuro SE, Zala C, Ochoa C, Cahn P, Salomon H;;; National Reference Centre for AIDS, Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: The emergence of antiretroviral (ARV) drug-resistance HIV-1 is a major cause of treatment failure. ARV agents have been used in Argentina for more than a decade however, the level of drug-resistant variants in patients (pts) with treatment failure is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevale
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4592)
Navaratne L, Tong W, Christie I, Mullen J, O'Shea S, DuMont G, DeRuiter A, Kulasegeram R;;; St.Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The development of HIV resistance following treatment with Nelfinavir (NFV) as part of combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is commonly associated with the D30N mutation in HIV1 subtype B. Some reports have suggested that in non-B subtypes other protease specific mutations, particularly
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4593)
Mofenson LM, Lambert J, Stiehm ER, Kagan R, Moye J, Harris DR, Bethel J, Meyer W, Fowler MG, Mathieson B, Nemo G, Hering M, Hellmann N;;; PAMA/NICHD/NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: ZDV prophylaxis is recommended to prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Limited data exist on the role of reduced antiretroviral susceptibility (viral resistance ) therein. We examined its association with reduced susceptibility to ZDV tested by genotypic and phenotypic methods and the agreement between tho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4594)
Oka S, Tsuchiya K, Ida S, Yasuoka A, Kikuchi Y, Tachikawa N, Teruya K, Kimura S;;; AIDS Clinical Center, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
BACKGROUND: There are only a few reports that have described long-term effects of nelfinavir (NFV)-containing regimens especially with regard to the emergence of drug resistance in inner-city clinics. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and virological responses to treatment with NFV-containing regime
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4595)
Goetz MB, Moatamed F, Han Z, O'Brien WA, Ferguson MA;;; UCLA/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: A major impetus to change treatment (Rx) in patients (P) who maintain increased CD4 counts despite incomplete viral load (VL) suppression is concern that continued Rx will lead to the rapid emergence of both further resistance (R) mutations (M) and compensatory M that increase viral fitness. However, there
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4596)
Machado DM, Fernandes SC, Freire WS, Diaz RS, Pannuti CS, Barbosa A, Souza IE, Levi JE, Succi RC;;; Federal University of Sao Paulo-UNIFESP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical-FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The emergence of HIV resistant strains during antiretroviral therapy is one of the causes of treatment failure in HIV infected children. The objective of this study is to assess the genotypic resistance profiles and the subtypes of HIV-1 in children failing HAART. METHODS: 42 children (mean age = 92 mo) rec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4597)
Garcia-Lerma G, MacInnes H, Nidtha S, Bennett D, Weinstock H, Heneine W;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: We have recently identified a group of newly diagnosed persons infected with viruses carrying unusual mutations at codon 215 of the RT. These mutations include 215D/C and do not confer resistance to AZT or d4T .
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4598)
Dong W, Wynhoven B, Mo T, Hall T, Galli RA, Harrigan PR;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: In-house sequence analysis methods for HIV-1 drug resistance testing require considerable technician time and expertise to assemble the final base calls (up to 30 minutes per sequence). RE_Call software automates processing, alignment, trimming, editing data and final basecalling (including mixtures) in a c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4599)
Auerbuck D, Shapiro MJ, Engelhard D, Kedem A, Gottesman G, Handzel TZ, Ofir M, Mendelson E, Rudich H, Shahar E, Chowers M, Maayan S, Grossman Z;;; Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
BACKGROUND: The great majority of children infected with HIV worldwide harbor non-subtype B virus. Understanding the development of resistance is a key component of successful HAART in these children. We performed a longitudinal study of non-B infected children (Ch) during therapy, and compared resistance to their pare
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4600)
Winston A, Mandalia S, Pillay D, Gazzard B, Pozniak A;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The K65R mutation in HIV 1 reverse transcriptase is associated with reduced susceptibility to abacavir and tenofovir . We established its prevalence within a large clinical database, and investigated correlations with other resistance associated muta
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4601)
Antela A, Iribarren JA, de Miguel V, Santos I, Ribera E, Labarga P, Gonzalez J, Locutura J, Munoz A, Andia A, Moreno L, Moreno ME, Gutierrez C, Martin Y, Marti-Belda P;;; Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Primary resistance patterns in an specific setting may have an important role in the election of the initial antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. Durability of first regimen is crucial for the long-term prognosis of HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Complete sequencing of plasma reverse transcriptase (RT) and protea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4602)
Grossman Z, Vardinon N, Burke M, Lorber M, Levi I, Risenberg K, Chowers M, Istomin V, David DB, Averbuck D, Ram D, Mileguir F, Bentwich Z, Pollack S, Yust I, Maayan S, Schapiro JM;;; Natl. HIV Reference Lab, PHL, MOH, Tel Hashomer, Israel
Introduction: Administering HARRT worldwide is an urgent priority. To enhance our understanding of treating non-subtype B infected pts, we compared nucleoside analogue use and development of resistance in different subtypes. METHODS: 100 plasma samples of drug-experienced pts from various subtypes were collected throug
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4604)
Feregrino-Goyos FG, Alvarado-Diez Rocio AD, Ruiz-Campos Omar. RC, Gomez-Caro Humberto GC;;; CITAID, SC. Centro de Investigacion y Terapeutica Avanzada en Inmunodeficiencias, SC., Mexico, City, D.F., Mexico
BACKGROUND. History of multiple failure of treatments with develop of multiple genotyping mutations and resistances are typical of HIV+ who did begin antiretrovirals treatments before 1990 . New drugs as Lopinavir- Ritonavir (Lopi-Rito), Abacavir (Aba
BACKGROUND: In resource-limited countries, double nucleosides (NUCs) were the most frequently used regimens due to cost constraints. As a result, it is anticipated that resistance will develop readily due to its incomplete viral suppression. We reported here the genotypic resistance patterns of Thai patients receiving
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4606)
Kasperbauer SH, Young B, Smith P, Bartelt D;;; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, United States
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of levofloxacin resistance in an HIV infected patient with Streptococcus Pneumoniae pneumonia. Case Summary: A 42-year-old HIV infected man with a significant history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and recurrent community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) presented with another case of CAP. His mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4607)
Bussmann H, Novitsky V, Wester W, Masupu K, Chipfakacha V, Jimbo W, Gaolekwe S, Marlink R, Peter T, Thior I, Essex M;;; Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Introduction: Current knowledge and research of HIV-1 antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance is mainly limited to HIV-1 subtype B. The HIV-1 subtype C, prevalent in Southern Africa, contains unique genetic and biochemical properties that may foster the development of earlier and/or distinct pol gene drug resistance mutat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4608)
Carmona R, Perez-Alvarez L, Villahermosa ML, Medrano L, Cilla G, Iribarren JA, Lopez MJ, Mayo J, Corral J, Aguirrebengoa K, Labora A, Andia A, Santamaria JM, Suarez-Fernandez MD, Najera R;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CNBF, Patogenia Viral, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
OBJECTIVES: 1)To study the frequency of genotypic resistance mutations to reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitors in HIV-1 infected persons from different geographical areas of Pais Vasco. 2) To study the patterns of individual mutations and multiresistance. Patients: A total of 100 HIV-1 infected indiv
BACKGROUND: Genotypic drug resistance assays generate mutation lists that require interpretation to be clinically useful. HIV resistance is a rapidly evolving field and there is a need to define a process by which interpretation algorithms are established and new data routinely incorporated. The Visible Genetics (VGI)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4610)
Zapiola I, Kaufman S, Zala C, Cahn P, Bouzas MB;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Genotypic tests results can be interpreted according to different algorithms (AG). They have been established based on information on drug resistance from in vivo and vitro studies. The aim of the present study was to compare the interpretation of a genotypic test using different available AG. METHOD: Plasm
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4611)
Pilon R, Sandstrom P, Burchell A, Calzavara L, Major C, Read S, Logue K, Ostrowski M, Gough K, Rachlis A;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND: Primary drug resistance was detected in four antiretroviral-naive recent seroconverters from the Polaris HIV-1 Seroconversion Study. Our goal was to monitor these individuals for changes in their drug resistance patterns over time, in the absence of ART. METHODS: Genotypic drug resistance was determined by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4612)
Diallo K, Brenner B, Oliveira M, Moisi D, Goette M, Wainberg MA;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: Mutations M184V and Y181C, known to confer high level resistance to lamivudine ( 3TC ) and nevirapine respectively, were shown to increase susceptibility to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4613)
Parkin NT, Chappey C, Petropoulos CJ;;; ViroLogic, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Current genotypic algorithms for predicting phenotypic resistance to the protease inhibitors (PIs) lopinavir (LPV) and amprenavir (APV) lack sensitivity relative to algorithms for most other PIs. Reduced susceptibility to LPV is associated with 23 mutations in protease (PR): L
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4614)
Kantor R, Katzenstein D, Cane PA, Morris L, Snoeck J, Vandamme AM, Pillay C, Pillay D, Schapiro JM, Shafer RW;;; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Few protease (PR) and RT sequences from treated individuals infected with non-B HIV-1 isolates are published despite their worldwide predominance. METHODS: All published PR and RT sequences of non-B HIV-1 isolates (A,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,CRF01_AE,CRF02_AG) from treated persons were collected and supplemented with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4615)
Beretta A;;; Italy
BACKGROUND: Renewal of the pool of circulating monocytes and granulocytes by selective apheresis (G1 apheresis) results in a stable increase in CD4 T cells in patients who fail to respond immunologically to HAART. Here we report the results from a pilot study on drug-resistant patients undergoing structured treatment i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4616)
Jobes DV, Petrauskene O, Devitt AJ, Nguyen VT, Kunstman K, Brown RC, Furtado MR;;; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 genotyping for the detection of mutations conferring resistance to anti-retroviral drugs in HIV-infected patients is a very important component in the management of patients failing therapy (Hirsch et al., JAMA 2000;283:2417-26). Obtaining reproducible results is a key element in genotyping assays (Sh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4617)
Mugabo P;;; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: South Africa is host to one of the fastest growing HIV - epidemics in the world. It is estimated that approximately one in 10 of the population is infected. Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic with 80 000 to 90 000 cases reported annually. The association between HIV and TB is reported and results in increased mor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4618)
Campodonico M, Avalle G, Benetti S, Fay O, Fay F;;; CTSP - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
BACKGROUND: As the number of available drugs and the reporting of new resistance mutations increase, including those on non-subtype B samples, interpretation of genotypic data becomes more complex. The aim of the present study was to compare the interpretation provided in a commercial genotyping kit, with different res
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4619)
Garcia-Viejo MA, Perez-Elias MJ, Moreno A, Garcia-Arata I, Bermudez E, Munoz V, Gutierrez C, Martin Y, pez D, Moreno S;;; RAMON Y CAJAL HOSPITAL, MADRID, Spain
BACKGROUND: Virological failure occurs in approximately half the patients within the first year of HAART. The development of drug resistance, either as a cause or a consequence, in these patients needs to be explored in order to design subsequent salvage regimens. METHODS: Prevalence survey of genotypic resistance in p
BACKGROUND: Genetic HIV-1 variant mutants are produced constantly, and this represents a major obstacle for the development of effective therapies. Therefore to know the pathways of mutations that lead to antiretroviral resistance is likely to be of increasing clinical relevance. In antiretroviral drug-naive patients p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4621)
Fumero E, Ferrer E, Barbera MJ, Perez JL, Roson B, Santin M, Podzamczer D;;; Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors related to virological response in a cohort of HIV-infected pre-treated patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data of patients with virological failure treated with a GRT-guided rescue regimen and with treatment adherence > 95% between 1999 and 2000. We de
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4622)
Yip B, Weber A, Harrigan PR, Montaner JS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of in vivo plasma viral load (pVL) suppression as a function of the accumulation of HIV drug resistance mutations. METHODS: All HIV+ persons enrolled in the BC Drug Treatment Program with a baseline pVL >5000 copies/ml and follow-up genotypic resistance & pVL results were inclu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4623)
Petch LA, Hoffman IF, Jere CS, Kazembe PN, Martinson FE, Chilongozi D, Cohen MS, Fiscus SA;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Drug resistant HIV-1 is becoming increasingly prevalent in untreated patients. Prior to introducing antiretroviral therapy in Malawi , we examined the prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) of subtype C isolates from untreated, HIV-1 infected M
BACKGROUND: The usefulness of Genotypic Resistance Tests (G-tests) and real Phenotypic Resistance Tests (rP-tests) to guide treatment decisions has been well established in patients with a few virological failures. We attempt to assess and to compare the potential role of G-test and rP-test in patients with multiple th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4625)
Wells CJ, Sharland M, Smith CJ, Mont GD, Ball CS, Riordan FA, Underhill HC;;; Pharmacy Dept, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Concerns about toxicity and tolerability of protease inhibitors (PIs) and lack of data on alternative regimens led to the investigation by this service network of the conveniently formulated triple nucleoside regimen AZT /
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4626)
Mathur M, Handelsman E, Tizer K, Desai N;;; Children's Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: HAART includes a combination of drugs from at least two classes to reduce the viral load (VL). Sequential monotherapy & non-adherence leads to multi-drug resistance (MDR), treatment failure & clinical deterioration. Information about ST in pediatric HIV is scarce. METHODS: 17 Children with perinatal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4627)
Papucci SL, Campodonico MC, Benetti MS, Fay FF, Martearena C, Hernandez EP, Fay OH;;; Hospital de Ninos Victor J. Vilela, Rosario, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Genotypic resistance testing is being widely used in HIV-1 infected adult population guiding drug regiments changes in those under treatment failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate long term responses after genotypic guided treatment changes in a group of HIV-1 infected children. METHODS: We ev
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4628)
Castrejon MM, Castano E, Suman O, Nieto J, Sanchez-Granados JM, Gonzalez-Tome MI, Saez-Llorens X;;; Hospital del Nino, Panama, Panama
BACKGROUND: Infection with HIV during chilhood is associated with a high viral load and a rapid disease progression as a result of the presence of a developing immunologic system. The current availability of multiple antiretroviral drugs (ARV) has caused a favorable impact on disease outcome. A few drugs, however, are
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4629)
Eseme FE, Giaquinto C, Ruga E, Rampon O, Rossi AD, Giacomet V, Sturkenboom M, Manzardo C, Fregonese F, Balasso V, Ebo F, D'Elia R;;; Dipartimento di Pediatria, Padova, Italy
BACKGROUND: Indinavir (IDV) alone or in combination with other protease inhibitor (PI) has been shown to be an effective therapy in adults and children with HIV infection. However, hepatic and renal side effects have been widely reported in adults. We conducted a prospective monitoring study to evaluate the occurence o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4630)
Leclezio V, Duong T, McGee L, Martinez-Alier N, Gibb DM, Verweel G;;; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality in HIV. However, with increasing concerns about toxicity and adherence, structured treatment interruption (STI) trials are starting in adults. The rate of CD4 cell decline off HAART has not been determined in child
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4631)
Walker AS, Gibb DM, McGee L, Dunn D, Tudor-Williams G, Sharland M, Butler K, Novelli V;;; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Adult data suggest that CD4 response to HAART may be relatively independent of HIV RNA or CD4 count at HAART initiation. There are few data on CD4 or RNA response in children. METHODS: Collaborative HIV Paediatric Surveillance (CHIPS) is a cohort of HIV infected children from 14 centres in UK and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4632)
Bellibas SE, Pepper T, Dorr A, Bertasso A, Sista P, Duff F, Kolis SJ, DeLora P;;; Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: T-20 is a 36 amino acid peptide and the first member of the new class of antiretroviral agents called fusion blockers. Unlike existing AIDS drugs that work inside the cell and target viral enzymes, T-20 blocks fusion of HIV with host cells before the virus enters the cell and begins its replication process.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4633)
Spector SA, Hsia K, Fenton T, Cabral S, Powell CA, Fletcher CV, Starr SE;;; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
BACKGROUND: The combination of EFV, NFV and 1 to 2 NRTIs has resulted in sustained virologic suppression in a majority of HIV-infected children (PACTG 382). The objective of this study was to determine HIV genotypes in children receiving this combination who experienced virologic failure. METHODS: Plasma samples from 1
BACKGROUND: to describe the tolerability and efficacy of ABC based regimens in HIV-infected children treated at three university outpatient facilities. METHODS: 32 children (Median age: 6.9 years, range 1 month to 16 years) were included. The clinical course as well as viral load (Amplicor HIV monitor, DL
BACKGROUND: Little is known about metabolic disturbances in HIV-infected children. We study the lipodystrophy (LD) and the modification of blood lipids in HIV-infected children and it s relationship with antiretroviral therapy METHODS: In 29 HIV-infected children we performed test to study blood lipids and a clinical s
BACKGROUND: In the treatment of HIV-infected therapy-naive adults the use of NNRTIs with 2 NRTIs as firstline regimen showed a good antiretroviral efficacy. However, this combination has not been established in children up to now. OBJECTIVE: Effect of EFV-based antiretroviral combination therapy as firstline tre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4637)
Nandi Lozano ME, Figueroa CA, Aguirre JJ;;; Hospital del Nino Morelense, Mexico, Mexico
BACKGROUND: METHODS: We conducted a open-label randomized trial to compare the efficacy and safety of two ART regimens. HIV-infected children 3-15 years old attending our outpatient clinics at two pediatric hospital in Mexico with detectable viral load were randomized to receive
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4638)
Desai N, Mathur M;;; Brooklyn Pediatric AIDS Network, Children's Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Children with HIV/AIDS have impaired bone strength due to the HIV infection & its secondary complications. Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) may further accelerate bone strength loss. Bone density is generally studied using complicated procedures such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry or i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4639)
Conway DH, Chen JS, Bagarazzi ML, Foster JA;;; MCP/Hahnemann School of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, United States
BACKGROUND: Current recommendations advise early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in infants in the United States . Very little is known about the efficacy of these regimens in infants less tha 2 years of age, particularly the ability of these regimens to produce viral suppression. METHODS: We
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4640)
Tudor AM, Dragan M, Mardarescu M, Petrea S;;; Matei Bals Institute of Infectious Disease, Bucharest, Romania
BACKGROUND:the aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of triple therapy containing only reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) in HIV infected children. METHODS: 68 infected children were treated with different combinations of RTI for 18 month. The efficacy of the treatment was appreciated by clinical signs, CD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4641)
Manorama P, Valavan VS;;; Community Health Education Society (CHES), Chennai, India
CHES has been running a Shelter home to provide holistic care for children infected, affected by AIDS and children vulnerable to AIDS. The necessity of continuing the home was because of the high prevailing stigma in the community and also among orphanages which made many children go abandoned. The major elements of ca
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4642)
Rubini NP, Brindeiro PA, Brindeiro RM, Llerena CA, Hertogs K, Tanuri A, Sion FS, Morais-de-Sa CA;;; University of Rio de Janeiro, Gaffree &Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The emergence of resistance and cross-resistance to HIV drugs are the main limitations to ART in heavily experienced individuals. Our objective was to investigate the benefit of genotyping in choosing the appropriate salvage therapy for HIV-infected children and adolescents. METHODS: We analysed prospective
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4643)
Hare B, Musoke P;;; Child Advocacy International, Stoke on Trent, United Kingdom
ISSUES: The cost of antiretrovirals has made treatment for HIV infected adults and children of sub-Saharan Africa, almost impossible. To see if using different combinations and generic drugs, would reduce the cost of antiretrovials (ARV s) and allow a larger number of children to benefit from the treatment. DESCRIPTION
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4644)
Vocks-Hauck M, Machler ML, Schmidt B;;; Curatorium for Immunodeficiency in Children, Berlin, Germany
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy starts early in children with prae-/perinatal HIV infection (PPI) due to the high risk of disease progression in the first years of life of 25 % of the children. After long term therapy side effects like mitochondriopathy and lipodystrophy are common also in children. Side effects and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4645)
Romanelli RM, Melo LJ, Vasconcelos MA, Pereira RM, Pinto JA;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Recommendation for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has been changing throughout the years. According to the current brazilian guidelines, dual therapy is still recommended. The objective of this study was to compare dual and triple therapy in a brazilian cohort of HIV-infected children. METHODS: HIV-infected c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4646)
Claeys R, Calvin JJ, Bocanera JC, Villalba S;;; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluates the restoration and duration of cellular immune responses in HIV infected children treated with HAART during a prolong follow up. Patients and METHODS: We evaluated twenty-four vertically HIV infected children treated with HAART ( 1 Protease Inhibitor and 2 Reverse Transcriptase
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4647)
Vigano' A, Mora S, Beccio S, Testolin C, Bricalli D, Vanzulli A, Brambilla P;;; Chair of Paediatrics L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Increased risk of clinically assessed lipodystrophy (LD) is related with the duration of exposure to HAART in HIV-infected adults. Combined use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows a precise estimate of regional body composition and visceral fat content (VF).
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4649)
Noguera A, Perez-Duenas B, Martinez L, Tello LM, Vilaseca MA, Fortuny C;;; Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Lactic acidosis is a recognized complication in HIV-infected patients treated with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). These drugs inhibit polymerase-gamma and enhance anaerobic glycolisis, leading to hyperlactatemia and hyperalaninemia; when only transient acute mitochondrial insu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4650)
Ojambo KE, Barungi E;;; Uganda
1. Introduction: Mulago hospital is the national referral hospital in Uganda . Counselling in HIV/AIDS has been emphasised in adults and little has been supplied from Ugandans among children attending the paediatric HIV/AIDS clinic in Mulago hospital that the older children have very many emotional challenges. 2. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4651)
Notheis G, Hoffmann F, Engelhorn C, Jansson A, Wintergerst U, Belohradsky BH;;; University Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
BACKGROUND: PI-containing antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of pediatric HIV-1 infection is associated with elevated lipid levels. Therefore we report our results on the effect of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CH) levels after changing ART from PI-containing to PI-sparing regimens. METHODS: Data of 11 HIV-i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4652)
Mellado MJ, Martin-Fontelos P, Polo R, Villota J, Garcia M, Perez ML, Madrigal P, Martinez S, Gonzalez-Munoz M;;; Hospital CarlosIII. S. Pediatria, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Knowledge on mitochondrial toxicity (MT) it s poor. We study the MT prevalence induced by antiretroviral drugs in HIV-infected children. METHOD: we analyze in 25 HIV-infected children the presence of lipodystrophy (LD), determine lactic acid (LA)and changes on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in PBL.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4653)
Munoz-Almagro C, Fortuny C, Puig T, Ruiz L, Zamora L, Gonzalez-Cuevas A, Latorre C;;; Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues-Barcelona, Spain
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of genotypic resistance to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs) and to protease inhibitors (PIs) in infected children with prolonged antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed during 1995, 199
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4654)
Gaitan L, Cashat M, Morales J, Fragoso R, Cuairan V, Calderon L;;; Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
BACKGROUND: In adult HIV/AIDS population, it has been attributed to oral lesions related to HIV infection (HIV-ROL) an important prognostic value to HIV-disease progression. However the prognostic value of HIV-ROL in pediatric HIV+/AIDS patients is controversial, specifically in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
ISSUES: There is still significant scepticism as to the feasibility and effectiveness of providing antiretroviral treatment (ARV) to HIV positive children in resource limited settings. This scepticism may result in undue exclusion of children from expanding ARV treatment services in developing countries. DESCRIPTION: I
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4656)
Read SE, Major C, Samson L, Beyene J, Swantee C, Fearon M, Allen U;;; The Hospital for Sick Children/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: The objectives of the study were to follow the trends in viral load (VL), CD4 counts and antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in an HIV infected pediatric population in Ontario, Canada METHODS: Of the 140 children in the study, most were from 2 centers. VL testing became generally available for clinical use in Onta
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeB4657)
Grosz J, Harvey DC;;; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
ISSUES: Half of the estimated 40,000 new HIV infections in the U.S. each year are thought to occur in youth under 25, primarily among youth of color. As a result, new demands are being placed on HIV prevention, care and research programs. DESCRIPTION: The Children s Evaluation & Rehabilitation Center of Albert Eins
BACKGROUND: HAART has dramatically improved the outcome of HIV-infected patients. Nevertheless the impact on the disease course in children has not yet completely been elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of HAART on the development of AIDS and mortality in HIV-1 infected children Patients and methods: Data
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4659)
Changedia S, Gilada IS;;; Unison Medicare &Research Centre, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Heterosexual mode is the predominant route of transmission of HIV (95%). Therefore India has great potential for pediatric HIV infection. Natural history of HIV disease is not well defined,but considered lower than adults and pediatric HIV patients in industrialised countries. Economic implications of ART c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4660)
[No authors listed]; MSF, International, Belgium
BACKGROUND: HAART was initiated during 2000/2001 in HIV/AIDS programmes supported by Medecins Sans Frontieres in South Africa (University of Cape Town), Malawi [Chiradzulu District Hospital (H)], Kenya (Homa Bay District H), Cameroon (IRD U36 Military H),
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4661)
Kaplan JE, Hanson D, Cohn D, Karon J, Buskin S, Thompson M, Fleming P, Dworkin M;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: When to start highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is one of the most important questions facing HIV-infected persons and their providers in nations able to afford these therapies. METHODS: We assessed the risk of AIDS-opportunistic infection (OI) or death among persons first prescribed HAART in Jan
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4662)
Paddam LA, Weber JN, Frater AJ, Dunn DT, Pocock SJ;;; Dept of Primary Care &Population Sciences, Royal Free &University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To investigate the relation between CD4 cell increase and baseline values after start of HAART, adjusting for the effect of regression to the mean. METHODS: We studied 480 therapy-naive patients (390 men, 90 women) from the St Mary s Hospital HIV-1 clinical database with pretherapy and posttherapy CD4 cell
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4663)
Geskus RB, Miedema FA, Goudsmit J, Reiss P, Schuitemaker H, Coutinho RA;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Providing a model and software that estimates the probability of an HIV-infected individual to develop AIDS or die within a certain time-span if left untreated helps clinicians in deciding when to start highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). METHODS: Residual time to AIDS and death was estimated, b
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4664)
Peterson KL, Burman WJ, Yun LW, Cohn DL, Davidson AJ;;; Denver Public Health, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: Previous observational studies have evaluated the effect of CD4 cell count at the time of initiation of antiretroviral therapy on patient outcomes. However, these analyses have not included an assessment of adherence, an important potential confounder. METHODS: We identified the CD4 cell count prior to star
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4665)
Duran S, Spire B, Katlama C, Carrieri P, Journot V, Sobel A, Besnier JM, Moatti JP, Leport C;;; INSERM U379, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: Although HAART is associated with a dramatic reduction of mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected patients (pts), its impact on pts physical and psychological well-being remains less clear. We aimed at assessing the evolution of pts quality of life (QOL) during 12 months follow up (M12) after initiation of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4666)
Walker AS; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for when antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be commenced, deferred or considered, are largely based on a person s CD4 count. We describe co-factors predicting ART uptake at different CD4 levels, other than at primary HIV infection (PHI), in a pooled dataset of persons with known or well-estimate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4667)
Sabin CA; Royal Free and UC Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The optimum time to initiate HAART is not yet known. We evaluated the effect of duration of HIV infection and baseline CD4 cell count on CD4 response at 6 months following HAART initiation. METHODS: We examined the association between time from HIV seroconversion (SC) to HAART initiation and CD4 cell respon
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4668)
May M, Sterne JA, Costagliola D, Pezzotti P, Ledergerber B, de Wolf F, Lundgren JD, Justice AC, Miller V, Chene G, Dabis F, Hogg RS, Sabin C, Gill MJ, Salzberger B, Egger M;;; ART Cohort Collaboration, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Collaborative analyses of several cohort studies are required to provide precise estimates of disease progression in the era of HAART. The ART Cohort Collaboration was set up to address this issue. METHODS: Data on 12,574 drug naive patients who initiated HAART were collected from 13 cohorts in Europe and N
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4669)
Mekonnen Y, Dukers N, Sanders E, Dorigo-Zetsma W, Wolday D, Geskus R, Coutinho R, Fontanet A;;; Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP), Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Among many obstacles to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource poor countries is the lack of access to sophisticated laboratories for the determination of CD4 counts and viral load. We explored simple biological markers to replace CD4 counts and viral load in resource-poor settings. METHODS: Th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4670)
Lindenburg CE, Langendam MW, Hubert J, Meyer L, Miedema F, Coutinho RA, de Wolf F;;; Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam, Cluster Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: HAART slows HIV-1 disease progression by decreasing virus production and restoring CD4 counts. We investigated if time since seroconversion (TSSC) until initiation of HAART has an effect on the response to HAART in 2 joined cohorts of patients with a known date of seroconversion (ACS and French SEROCO cohor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4671)
Anastos K, Shi Q, French A, Greenblatt R, Delapenha R, DeHovitz J, Levine A, Hoover D;;; Montefiore and Lincoln Medical Centers, Bronx, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Failure to respond to DTH testing (anergy) has been found to independently predict clinical outcome, but has not been studied in persons using HAART. METHODS: In 877 HIV infected women in the Women s Interagency HIV Study with known date of initiating HAART (+/-6 mo) and DTH status known
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4672)
Wood E, Hogg RS, Yip B, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the roles of adherence, physician experience, and baseline CD4 cell count on rates of disease progression. METHODS: Treatment naive patients who initiated HAART between 08/96 and 07/00 were evaluated. Cumulative mortality rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Rates of progression from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4673)
Moreno A, Perez-Elias MJ, Casado JL, Antela A, Quereda C, Uriarte M, Bermudez E, Navas E, Dronda F, Moreno S;;; Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Toxicity and resistance of antiretroviral drugs are critical in naive patients starting HAART, due to their impact on adherence and future salvage regimens. Objective and methods: Comparative analysis of the long-term outcomes of PI vs NNRTI-based therapies, and specially their durability in 256 naive patie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeB4674)
Perez-Elias MJ, Moreno A, Moreno S, Casado JL, Antela A, Dronda F, Quereda C, Navas E, Moreno L;;; RAMON Y CAJAL HOSPITAL, MADRID, Spain
BACKGROUND: Different treatment guidelines recommend to start HIV-infection therapy in non-AIDS patients below 200 or 350 CD4 cell count, respectively. METHODS: From a prospective observational cohort study of 500 patients starting initial ARVT (1996-2000) we selected all A or B AIDS category patients with at least 200
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 reservoir is early established during PHI. It is reduced, but not extinguished by early therapy: DNA containing cells are still detectable after months of successful viremia suppression. We determined the extent of HIV reservoir in 11 acutely infected patients and evaluated how it is renewed even duri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4676)
Rajendran R, Devasia B;;; Professor and Head, Dept. of Oral Pathology, Dental Wing, Medical College Hospital., Trivandrum - 695011, India
BACKGROUND: This study was to record the clinical profile of 328 HIV seropositive patients reported at the Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum during the period January 1998 through May 2001. METHODS: The physical examination was done at the Dept. of Internal Medicine and Oral Pathology. RESULTS: The study group showe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4677)
Raval RC, Mantri AS, Bhavasr NM, Billimoria FE;;; Civil Hospital, BJ Medical College, Ahmedebad, India
BACKGROUND: We sought to do a study to determine the sexually transmitted disease (STD) profiles and HIV prevalence in patients with vaginal discharge. METHODS: 500 cases of vaginal discharge were randomly selected and studied in an STD clinic and gynecology OPD in Civil Hospital, Ahmedebad, between January 1999 and Ja
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological characteristics of the HIV inficted disease in the Region of Nis(South-east Serbia ). METHODS: They were analyzed on the Institute of Public Health based on the seropositivity prevalence in certain population groups and cases of the disease were registered. RESULTS: In the period from 1987 t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4679)
Meel BL;;; University of Transkei, Umtata, South Africa
Abstract BACKGROUND: South Africa is experiencing an HIV/AIDS epidemic according to antenatal surveys conducted by the Department of Health. Reliable statistics on HIV/AIDS deaths in South Africa are not available despite the Government s extensive, and largely successful, efforts to improve the national vital registra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4680)
Tositti GT, Fabris PF, Giordani MT, Betterle CB, Pignattari EP, Tagliaferri CF, Muratori PM, Manfrin VM, de Lalla FD;;; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
The prevalence of circulating cryoglobulins, their clinical significance and their relation with hepatitis viruses in HIV-positive people are almost unknown. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical impact of circulating cryoglobulins in HIV-positive subjects; to assess the relationships with virological param
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4681)
Evian CR, Rosen S, Thea DM, Fox M, Macleod B, Simon J, Slotow SJ, Evian TD, Craven R;;; AIDS Management and Support, Depart of Community Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Most estimates of national HIV seroprevalence are based upon anonymous unlinked testing of women at antenatal clinics. Testing of males in large anonymous unlinked cohorts is uncommon. This study reports the results of HIV testing of (predominantly male) employees in southern Africa. METHODS: Between 1999-2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4682)
Evian CR, Wyk PV, Fantan T, Slotow SJ, Evian TD;;; AIDS Management &Support, Johannesburg, South Africa
Background and method: In 2001 anonymous unlinked saliva based HIV prevalence surveys was done in 3 mining companies in South Africa , Botswana and Zambia . RESULTS: In all approximately 25000 employees were surveyed. HIV prevalence ranged form 19% -24.5% in the different mining groups.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4683)
Ahoua L, Laureillard D, Senya C, Gheraissa H, Scarato M, Szumilin E, Tassie JM;;; Epicentre, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: The spectrum of opportunistic infections (OI) occurring during HIV infection is poorly documented in Cambodia . We analysed the most frequent OIs diagnosed during follow-up in the Infectious Disease Ward of P.B.N Sihanouk Hospital, a national reference department for HIV/AIDS care. METHODS: A prospective me
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4684)
MacLeod WB, Rosen SB, Fox MP, Bii M, Elson LH, Wasunna KM, Simon JL;;; Center for International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
BACKGROUND: Although the natural history of HIV infection is well described, the timing and impact of HIV/AIDS on individual and household workforce participation and labor productivity as the disease progresses is not. A better understanding of how HIV/AIDS affects individual productivity will improve cost-benefit ana
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4685)
Losina E, Anglaret X, Yazdanpanah Y, Toure S, Pollock AC, N'Dri-Yoman T, Walensky RP, Islam R, Salamon R, Freedberg KA;;; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: CD4-specific OI incidence and mortality rates are crucial to model the most efficient CD4-based initiation criteria for OI prophylaxis for HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Since CD4 measurements have generally not been available in Africa, most studies report either crude OI incidence and mortal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4686)
Pierre-Louis M, Jenkins C, Robalino D;;; The world bank, Washington DC, United States
Between August and November, 2001 the World Bank, in collaboration with the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization and UNAIDS , conducted an assessment of the HIV/AIDS situation in the MENA Region. In addition to the examination of over 300 documents, interviews were conducted with 51 pe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4687)
Magis-Rodriguez C, Bravo-Garcia E, Rodriguez-Nolasco E;;; CMR, Mexico, Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the grow of AIDS epidemic in rural areas in Mexico METHODS: Information from the National AIDS Cases Registry and the 1995 National Census was used. Rural and urban cases were compared regarding diagnosis year, sex and risk categories. Cases from places with less than 2500 inhabitants were conside
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4688)
Remple VP, Maan E, Steinwender S, Burdge DR;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To describe the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of HIV-infected women attending a university hospital outpatient, Women and Family HIV Centre using a new, multidimensional, HIV-specific questionnaire, the MQOL-HIV. METHODS: HIV-infected women completed the MQOL-HIV and a sociodemographic questionnair
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4689)
Procupet AS, Bianco MB;;; M.D.Epidemiologist, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: The first AIDS case in Argentina was diagnosed in 1982. Until December 2001 the total number notified to the Ministry of Health was 21117. The national incidence rate in 2000 was 48.9 per million. In June 2001 the National Register of HIV Infected People was started. Almost 3500 persons living with HIV were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4690)
Wolfe MI, Adams MR, Selik RM, Swerdlow DL;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Previous reports have shown that in HIV-infected persons, there have been decreases in proportions of deaths with some common AIDS-related diagnoses (e.g. TB, pneumocystosis, non-TB mycobacterial infections, and toxoplasmosis), when comparing pre-HAART (1992-95) with HAART (1996-2000) eras. Because of conce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4691)
Paixao MT, Valadas E, Cortes-Martins H, Avillez F, Ventura FA;;; National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: AIDS and HIV-infection is one of the major Public Health problems in Portugal . The change in the epidemiological classification in 1993 adopted by the European Surveillance System has contributed to a large increase in AIDS cases due to the inclusion of pulmonary
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4692)
Idigbe EO, Onwujekwe DI, Adedoyin JA, Audu RA, Otoh I;;; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
OBJECTIVE: To establish the epidemiological and demographic profile of HIV infections in Nigeria within the decade 1989-1999. METHOD: HIV data were retrieved from the 1989-1999 medical records of 398 health and 659 laboratories facilities in the 36 states of the country. Retrieved data were collated and analysed using
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4693)
Verdonck K, Echevarria J, Seas C, Vidal M, Samalvides F, Gotuzzo E;;; Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
BACKGROUND. In Peru , the ratio of men to women in HIV-infected people has decreased from 11 to 3 over the past decade. Systematised information about demographic and clinical characteristics according to gender is very scarce. METHODS. A retrospective and observational study was carried out at the Hospital Nacional C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4694)
Sanders E, Araya T, Kebede D, Schaap A, Nagelkerke N, Coutinho R;;; Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP), Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Measuring impact of HIV on mortality is key to assessing programmes attempting to mitigate effects of the epidemic. In the absence of vital registries we conducted retro- and prospective surveillance of burials at all burial sites in Addis Ababa. METHODS: I. Retrospective study 1987-2001: five sites registe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4695)
Araya T, Kebede D, Schaap A, Nagelkerke N, Coutino R, Sanders E;;; Department of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Measuring the impact of HIV on mortality is key to developing and assessing the impact of programmes to mitigate the effects of the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. In the absence of vital registries we assessed whether lay diagnosis of death registered prior to burial could be used to monitor trends in HIV/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4696)
Mehta SA, Gilada IS;;; Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence and types of fundus lesions in asymptomatic patients in a general AIDS clinic METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out. 100 consecutive patients with AIDS underwent a detailed ocular evaluation which included a history taking of past or present complaints (defect
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4697)
Sok P, Harwell JI;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
BACKGROUND: Cambodia has an extensive AIDS epidemic, with a prevalence of 2.8%. Basic clinical data on HIV-infected patents in this setting is limited. Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE is an NGO-funded hospital in Phnom Penh with 5,000 out-patients/month (5% with HIV) and 700 admissions/year (12% with HIV). METHODS: Ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4698)
Nkoumou MO, Clevenbergh P, Gorra A, Kombila M;;; Fondation Jeanne Ebori, Internal Medicine Dpt, Libreville, Gabon
Introduction: HIV infection is particularly prevalent in subsaharian Africa. In Libreville, a seroprevalence of 7.7% has recently been found in the general poulation. HIV infected patients (pts) are generally hospitalized at a late stage disease with the diagnosis of an opportunistic infection (OI). As the prevalence o
BACKGROUND: Twenty years after the onset of the pandemic, HIV has become endemic and relatively controlled in western Europe while it continues to spread rapidly in eastern Europe. METHODS: We used European HIV/AIDS surveillance data to describe recent trends in three geographic zones: West (EU,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4700)
Brady KA, Turner BJ, Berry SD, Weiner M;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: The CDC has recommended that HIV testing should be offered to inpatients in areas where the HIV prevalence in hospitalized patients is >1 per 1000. Few data are presently available regarding the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV in urban hospitals to guide efforts to initiate and fund programs for inpatient HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4701)
Nalugoda F;;; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of the HIV epidemic on orphanhood in Rakai District, Uganda . METHODS: Analysis of socio-demographic and serological data from a population-based cohort comprised of all residents in 4,962 households in 56 representative communities (1995-1996) and survey data in 47 study communitie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4702)
Paris RM, Brown AE, Milazzo M, Hawkes CA, Blazes DA, Tamminga CL, Stephan KT, McAllister CK, Wallace MR, Fraser SL, Johnson AC, Wegner SA;;; AFRIMS-Retrovirology, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Since 1986, the US military HIV-1 natural history study has enrolled volunteers which are heterogeneous with respect to race and ethnicity, and have free access to high-quality health care. In this setting, we wanted to determine if there were differences in survival (time to AIDS) and response to antiretro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4703)
Marins JR, Chen S, Jamal LF, Barros MB, Barbosa A, Hearst N;;; State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Understanding the predictors of survival can improve clinical care, allow for risk adjustment when comparing clinical outcomes, and assist in public health responses. The last major study of predictors of survival in Brazil involved patients diagnosed prior to 6/89 (Chequer et al. AIDS 1992, 6:483-7). Since
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4704)
Hira SK, Dholakia Y, Khanna S, Mohavir M, Bhatia VP;;; AIDS Research &Control Centre, Mumbai &The University of Texas-Houston, Mumbai, India
OBJECTIVE: To determine HIV-disease progression in a prevalent cohort of children. Patients and METHODS: Between April 1994 and December 2000 a prevalent cohort of 127 children (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4705)
Learmont JC, Phillips R;;; ARCBS-NSW, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: By 1993 the median time of progression to AIDS of recipients on the ARCBS transfusion acquired HIV registry (TAH) was 7.2 years.1 In 1994, of 130 recipients, only seven (apart from the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort-SBBC) were untreated Longterm Non-Progressors (LTNP). By 1994 the LTNP recipients had been infecte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4706)
Gange SJ, Lau B, Phair JP, Riddler SA, Detels R, Margolick JB;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Existing guidelines for staging disease and initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) among asymptomatic individuals rely on viral load and CD4 cell counts. In light of the cost and complexity in measuring these markers, particularly in developing countries, we investigated whether TLC (/µl) and Hgb (g/dl)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4707)
Mehendale SM, Risbud AR, Bollinger RC, Stallings R, Brookmeyer R, Quinn TC, Gadkari DA, Paranjape RS;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Early immunologic and virologic events in HIV infection in a unique setting with limited access to health care and HIV-1 subtype C infection may influence the natural history of HIV disease. A prospective cohort study was undertaken in individuals with recent HIV sero-conversion in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4708)
Lavreys L, Baeten JM, Kreiss JK, Richardson BA, Panteleeff D, Chohan B, Mandaliya K, Bwayo J, Overbaugh J;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the natural history of HIV-1 infection in Africa. Moreover, there is very little information in any population regarding how factors present at the time of HIV-1 acquisition affect the course of disease. Description of the pattern of HIV-1 viremia during early infection and over ti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4709)
Phillips AN, Pezzotti P; RFUC Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Estimates from the MACS of the 3-year probability of development of AIDS according to the viral load and CD4 count are used in making the decision whether to start antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the time scale is not optimal, with clinicians generally more interested in the risk over the period of t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4710)
Chugh S, Yadav P, Shrivastava D, Salam J, Sethi A, Verma U;;; Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: This is a prospective on going study, to study the clinical spectrum of HIV/AIDS in adults in Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital - a large general hospital in New Delhi, India . METHODS: A total of 397 HIV+ cases were followed from October 1999 till date in the out/in Patient Department of medicine.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4711)
Njenga S, Ndinya-Achola J, Bwayo JJ, Nduati RW, Embree JE, Plummer FA;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Background and objectives: The natural history of pediatric HIV infection is Africa is not fully described. From 1986 the University of Nairobi in collaboration with the University of Manitoba has been studying mother-to-child transmission of HIV in anti-retroviral naive women. During the follow-up of babies within thi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4712)
Norrgren H, da Silva Z, Biague A, Andersson S, Biberfeld G;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden
BACKGROUND: To investigate clinical progression according to the WHO staging system in a cohort of HIV-2-positive police officers in Guinea-Bissau , and explore potential risk factors for clinical progression. METHODS: An open prospective cohort of police officers in Guinea-Bissau was established in 1990. As from 1993
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4713)
Gheonea C, Cupsa A, Bulucea D, Dinescu SN;;; University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
BACKGROUND: Although Romania has more than half of pediatric AIDS cases reported in Europe, antiretroviral therapy (ART) was not largely available prior to 1994. Most of the children were horizontally infected (due to the socioeconomic circumstances between 1987-1990). OBJECTIVE: To describe morbidity and mortality of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4714)
Holland H, Greenberg K, Young B;;; Rose Medical Center, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that GBV-C infection is associated with improved survival in HIV infected patients. OBJECTIVES: 1)To determine if there is a correlation between long-term HIV seropositive survivors and GBV-C; 2)To compare the effects of GBV-C infection on CD4 levels and HIV viral load; 3)To identi
BACKGROUND: Data on plasma HIV-1 RNA patterns in African infected children are limited. METHODS: Plasma specimens were obtained at day 1-8, 45, 90, 180, and every three months until 18 months of age from untreated children born to 427 HIV positive mothers enrolled in the DITRAME ANRS 049 trial, Abidjan (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4716)
Gebhardt MD;;; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
BACKGROUND. In Switzerland , anonymous AIDS case reporting is mandatory. Highly active antiretroviral therapy became the standard of treatment for HIV infected persons in 1996. The number of reported AIDS cases declined sharply thereafter. The objective was to characterise the cases of HIV infection that progress to AI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4717)
Feuz M, Gebhardt M;;; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that increasingly more patients have been aware of their positive HIV-status only shortly before their AIDS diagnosis. It was the aim of this analysis to evaluate trends in time that elapses between the first reported positive HIV-test and diagnosis of AIDS in the HAART era. METHODS: D
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4718)
Saavedra GA, Ramirez-Amador V, Pedraza LE, Gonzalez-Ramirez I, Guevara MG, Madero JS, Ramirez LS, Ponce de Leon Rosales S;;; Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico city, Mexico
BACKGROUND: The prevalence, prognostic value and clinical characteristics of HIV-related oral lesions (OL), have been studied in Mexican patients with HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact in the clinical spectrum of OL, in 1000 consecutive HIV-infected patients, seen at the AIDS Clinic of a third level inst
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4719)
Paul S, Lande L, Jacobs J, Malak S, Sepkowith K;;; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Effective antiretroviral therapy initially resulted in large decreases in hospitalization rates of HIV-infected patients. The goal of this study was to determine if these gains were being maintained in 2001. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of hospital admissions during four time periods. All patients recei
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4720)
Castilla J, Sobrino P, Sanchez F, de la Fuente L, Noguer I, Guerra L, Parras F;;; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: HAART has proved very effective in reducing the progression to AIDS, but only persons who are aware of their HIV infection can receive the benefits. Despite the widespread availability of this therapy, Western European countries have reported over 8500 new AIDS cases in 2000. We assessed the repercussion of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4721)
Martynov Y, Mazus A, Papkova G;;; Moskow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND. The epidemiological situation of HIV-infection in Russia remains to be composite, which requires learning of features of manifestation of epidemic in separate locales with the purpose of perfecting of the prophylaxis. METHODS. The operating and retrospective epidemiological analysis of a course of the epide
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4722)
Hsu L, Schwarcz S, Katz MH;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Earlier studies identified sociodemographic disparities in use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To assess the extent to which the disparity in HAART use may have changed in recent years, we examined trends in the prevalence and predictors of HAART use among persons reported with AIDS in San
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4723)
Hsu L, Schwarcz S, Katz MH;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is regarded as the standard of care for treating persons with HIV/AIDS. Previous studies have documented that a substantial proportion of persons with AIDS delayed initiating HAART. We collected information regarding reasons persons with AIDS in San Francisco (SF
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4724)
Perry S, Bangsberg DB, Charlebois ED, Clark R, Karasic D, Dilley J, Sorensen J, Moss AR;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of major depression among HIV+ have been associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. We examined the association of mortality with severity of depressive symptoms and adherence to HAART in a representative community-based sample of HIV+ homeless and marginally-housed persons li
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4725)
Allardice GM, Goldberg DJ, Shaw L, Codere G;;; Dept of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Following the introduction of HAART in Scotland in 1996 interest has centred on its current and future uptake. Since 1991 data on CD4 count and number of antiretroviral drugs administered in the month prior to the CD4 count have been collected nationally by clinicians and immunologists on all HIV infected p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4726)
Saraceni V, Cruz MM, Tiago SM, Aquino SL, Lauria LM, Durovni B;;; Rio de Janeiro City Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The government s free distribution of combined antiretroviral therapy, starting at the end of 1996, coupled with a strong public health system, led to a reduction of the number of AIDS-related deaths, with a longer survival and improvement of quality of life to the people living with HIV. METHODS: The datab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4727)
Darbyshire JH, Bhaskaran K; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Substantial improvements in survival have been reported for HIV infected persons since the introduction of HAART. We wished to investigate whether the initial improvement in survival observed after the introduction of HAART in our cohort, of persons with well estimated dates of HIV seroconversion, has been
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4728)
Carrieri MP, Pradier C, Piselli P, Pische M, Rosenthal E, Heudier P, Durant J, Serraino D;;; INSERM U379, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: In contrast to a well-established reduction in the incidence of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), the impact of HAART on the incidence of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) remains to be established. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of HAART on occurrence of KS and of systemic NHL in HIV-positive
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4730)
Gibb DM, Duong T, McGee L, Sharland M, Tookey P, Tudor-Williams G, Butler K, Novelli V;;; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Few studies have analysed the effect of ART on mortality and hospital admission rates in HIV infected children. METHODS: Data on clinical events, T-cell subsets, HIV-RNA viral load and ART history were analysed in 586 children participating in the Collaborative HIV Paediatric Surveillance (CHIPS) study and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4731)
Blair JM, Kellerman SE, Li J, Bunch G, Parisi MK, Fleming PL;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
BACKGROUND: HAART dramatically decreased the number of U.S. AIDS deaths from 1996-1999, but declines have slowed recently. We describe characteristics of persons dying with AIDS in the HAART era. METHODS: Medical record abstraction for the 12 months preceding an AIDS death was performed for persons >13 years of age wit
BACKGROUND: The prognosis after first occurrence of AIDS-defining diseases has dramatically become better in the last few years in developed countries. HIV infection in Spain has specific epidemiologic characteristics. Our study pretended to establish the prognosis of patients after the occurrence of first episode of H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4733)
McNaghten AD, Gallagher KM, Jones PA, Campsmith ML;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can decrease disease progression and death among persons with HIV. Monitoring the standard of care is important in determining differences in ART prescription by sex, race or access to care. Comparing data across multiple sources can validate findings. METHODS: Data were from th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4734)
Kalichman AO, Gianna MC, Basso CR, Santos NJ, Bueno SM, Chen S, Ruiz EA;;; STD/AIDS Training and Referral Center/SES-SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The STD/AIDS Training and Referral Center (TRC) is the headquarters of the State of Sao Paulo Health Department STD/AIDS Program Coordination. The TRC is responsible for training health workers and to coordinate the activities of STD/HIV/AIDS prevention, surveillance and health care in the State. The TRC al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4735)
Frederick T, Mascola L, Peters V, Melville S, Ortiz I, Hsu H, Rakusan TA, Sukalac T, Dominguez K, Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Project Consortium US;;; LAC Dept. of Health Services, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent declines in the incidence of pediatric AIDS suggest that new therapies may be improving the immune status of HIV-infected children. We examine trends in CD4 immune status and HAART therapy from 94- 00. METHODS: Data from CDC s National Pediatric Spectrum of Disease Project were used. HIV-infected chi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4736)
Wilson D, Badri M, Wood R;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In Cape Town, TB rates in HIV-infected individuals are several orders of magnitude higher than similar individuals in the developed world. While HAART has been shown to decrease TB incidence rate (IR), access to antiretrovirals (ARV s) is very limited in the public health sector. High TB IR in both ARV naiv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4737)
Perez-Hoyos S, Amo JD, Ferreros I, Muga R, Cayla J, Marco A, Garcia de la Hera M, Romero J; Escola Valenciana d'Estudis per a la Salut (EVES), Valencia, Spain
BACKGROUND: GEMES, Spanish Multicentric Study Group of Seroconverters has provided information of the incubation period of AIDS in Spain up to 1996. The objective of this work is to evaluate the population effectiveness of introduction of HAART in time to AIDS and death in a group of Spanish HIV seroconverters cohorts.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4738)
de Guzman MT, Gaspar G, rez Quero JL, Esquinas G, Zornoza C, Baztan J, Yzusqui M, rez Gomez V;;; Internal Medicine Service. Getafe Hospital., Getafe (MADRID), Spain
BACKGROUND: There are scarce information relative to hospitalisation rates in HIV infected, not just AIDS, patients. . HIV infection in Spain has specific epidemiologic characteristics that could justify same differences in hospitalisation rates and causes of hospitalisation in spanish patients. That study pretends to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4739)
Forsyth AD, Hecht FM, Chesney MA, Kahn JO;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: In the U.S., there is increased interest in HIV prevention efforts for persons with HIV. We identified predictors of ongoing sexual risk in newly infected men who have sex with men (MSM) following diagnosis. METHODS: Participants were recruited through a referral network because of evidence or suspicion of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4740)
McGinnis KA, Skanderson M, Justice AC, Rabeneck L, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Weissman S;;; University of Pittsburgh and Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
BACKGROUND: With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) people with HIV are living longer. There is growing concern that these people may be at substantially increased risk for cancer. To examine changes in cancer patterns in HIV+ persons from the pre to post HAART era, we compared cancer incidence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4741)
Ammaranond P, Cunningham P, Oelrichs R, Suzuki K, Harris C, Leas L, Grulich A, Cooper DA, Kelleher A;;; National Centre in Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of new South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: To describe the epidemiological correlates of changes in prevalence of drug resistance mutations in patients with acute HIV-1 primary infection in Sydney, Australia . METHODS: 185 therapy naive patients who had acute primary infection diagnosed between April 1992 and November 2001 were studied. Automated DN
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4742)
Bacon O, Barbosa A, Rossi L, Teixera B, Page-Shafer K;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
BACKGROUND: The recent increase in the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse among MSM in the U.K, Western Europe, and U.S has been blamed on overly simplistic prevention messages, a sense of invincibility among young MSM, and unrealistic expectations of HAART (treatment optimism). Current levels of condom use amo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4743)
Arnaiz JA, Martinez E, de Lazzari E, Cruceta A, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Despite the clinical efficacy of the current HAART, the rate of treatment switching is high. Along the time HIV-infected patients are prescribed multiple antiretroviral (ARV) regimens and exposed to many drugs. The aim of this study is to describe the duration of initial and subsequent ARV regimens and the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4744)
Semaille CH, Downs AM, Alix J, Strat YL, Hamers FF;;; EuroHIV, Saint Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: The central nervous system (CNS) is a possible sanctuary for HIV and the efficacy of against CNS-related diseases is uncertain. To assess the possible impact of HAART, we analysed recent trends in 3 AIDS-defining diseases: HIV encephalopathy (ENC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PMLE), primary
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4745)
El-Hamad I, Pezzoli MC, Paraninfo G, Tomasoni L, Patroni A, Casari S, Castelli F, Carosi G;;; Health Centre for Migrants - Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Rational: Official data report a continuous increase of immigrants from developing countries (DC) in Italy and the number of AIDS cases among immigrants showed an even faster growing trend in the last few years. The aim of this study is to describe the clinic and epidemiological aspects of HIV infection among immigrant
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4746)
Wyen C, hrmann A, Schmitz K, Rieke A, Salzberger B, tkenheuer G;;; Department I for Internal medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
BACKGROUND: To describe the clinical course and outcome of patients with PML in patients who could be treated with HAART; to evaluate therapeutic effects of cidofovir in addition to HAART in subjects with PML. METHODS: Retrospective case cohort study of PML in HIV infected patients of two centers.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4747)
Garcia de Olalla P, Buqueras JA, Jansa Lopez del Vallado JM, Clos R, Brugal MT, Badosa I, Botia AM, Curiel L, Ferrer A, Gorrindo A, Sala C, Pedro R, Sanz M, Mir X;;; Institut Municipal de Salut Publica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To study the epidemiology of AIDS in Barcelona, from 1981 to 2001. Patients, material and methods: Since 1986, the Epidemiology Service of the Barcelona Municipal Institute of Public Health collects, actively and systematically, data on AIDS diagnoses. This system foments notification of cases by physicians
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4748)
Rodriguez B, Valdez H, Salata RA, Gripshover B, McComsey G, Fulton S, Lisgaris MV, Cline J, Lederman MM;;; Center for AIDS Research, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection, but the immune reconstitution induced by HAART is incomplete. We herein describe the AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs) occurring in a cohort of HIV-infected patients in the era of H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4749)
Adams IK, Bicalho HN, Silva EB, Ferreira LM, Vargas MR;;; Clinica Nossa Senhora da Conceicao, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: In a country where HIV was initially a disease of homosexual males, the heterosexual epidemic appears to be out of control and largely ignored by the medical profession. Hospital admissions had fallen in number and gravity after the introduction of universal free access to HAART. In recent years, however, o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4750)
Schmit JC, Robert I, Arendt V, Staub T, Schneider F, Hemmer R;;; Retrovirology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of HAART has been documented in controlled trials, but less information is available from observational cohort studies, which probably closer reflect the daily clinical practice. METHODS: We reviewed the data from the Luxembourg HIV cohort (511 patients totalising 4 830 blood samples f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4751)
Bihan CL, Chevojon P, Doll J, Kousignian P, Dellion S, Patey O, Devidas A;;; Corbeil Hospital, Corbeil Essonnes, France
BACKGROUND: A marked decline in mortality has occured among HIV-infected patients since the introduction of HAART. The precise causes of death in the current area may have changed and need to be better defined. METHODS: Our aim was to study the effect of HAART on causes of death. To evaluate these modifications, we hav
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4752)
Arasteh K, Mueller M, Masuhr A, Kowohl S, Zwingers T;;; Vivantes Auguste Viktoria Hospital, Berlin, Germany
BACKGROUND: The natural history of HIV-1 infection as well as the spectrum of HIV associated diseases has profoundly changed due to the broad use of antiretroviral combination therapy . Although mortality, morbidity is decreasing in the Berlin cohort, hospitalisation of infected patients is still frequent. METHODS: Dur
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4753)
Wood E, Montaner JS, Alfonso V, Tyndall MW, Schechter MT, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Declines in AIDS related-deaths, as a result of new antiretrovirals (ARVs), were first documented in the mid-1990 s. Since this time, little work has been done to evaluate population-level HIV/AIDS mortality, and access to ARVs in settings that deliver antiretrovirals and medical care free of charge. METHOD
BACKGROUND: In western Europe, recent syphilis outbreaks and behavioural data indicate relapses to risky sexual behaviour, particularly in homo/bisexual men (HBM), since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Rates of HIV transmission depend on HIV prevalence, levels of risk behaviour and HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4755)
Feyler A, Morlat P, Dupon M, Ragnaud JM, Mercie P, Tchamgoue S, Lawson-Ayayi S, Dabis F, Chene G;;; Inserm U330, Universite V. Segalen, Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: The frequency of anemia has decreased since the era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). This decline may result either from the impact of increased efficacy of recent ARV drug combinations on anemia of chronic disease or from the direct effect of protease inhibitors on hematopoiesis. Our o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4756)
Bernard RP;;; AIDS Feedback (AF) Liaison UN &NG Organizations, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Surveillance AIDS case rate analysis was initiated for Year 1990 [Amsterdam-VIII; PcC 4616/AF 6 92] & carried annually to 1996 [Durban -XIII; MoPeC2443/AF 7 00]. A millennium-turn review is overdue for reference/study. METHODS: The denominator is the UN mid-2000 pop estimate series (UN, NY). The numerat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4757)
Ramanathan K, Hamoudi A, Bosch R, Schillevoort I, Vaida F, Marlink R;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: As sub-Saharan African countries consider the introduction of HAART within their health systems, the expected public health benefits are yet unknown. As part of an ongoing cost-effectiveness study, we estimated the impact of HAART on HIV-disease progression and mortality in a sub-Saharan African setting. ME
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4758)
Milinkovic A, Martinez E, de Lazzari E, Buira E, Perez-Cuevas JB, Blanco JL, Garcia M, Murillas J, Mallolas J, Miro JM, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Little is known on the incidence and causes of mortality in HIV-infected patients with access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as referred with those ones in the general population. METHODS: From January 1997 to December 2001, consecutive HIV-infected patients who had at least triple therapy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4759)
Sampaio LF, Novo NF, Condi GA, Pinto PC, Silva SC, Goncalves VL;;; PUCSP MEDICAL SCHOOL, SOROCABA/SP, Brazil
The female population contaminated with HIV in Brazil has been growing, as shown by the change in the proportion of men and women who bear the disease. These findings indicate the need to establish and intensify the prenatal diagnosis of HIV+ pregnant women since cases of childhood AIDS can only be minimized by means o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4760)
Ceballos A, Ayala SG, Agosti M, Rimoldi I, Rabinovich RD, Avila MM, Peralta LM;;; National Reference Centre for AIDS Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Background Our group presented a paper in the IAS Conference, Buenos Aires 2001, showing the molecular evidence of father-child HIV-1 horizontal transmission. This is a new case of an HIV infection in a child in which the only risk factor recorded was living with his HIV infected father. The aim of this work was to ana
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4761)
Werner B, Yust I, Vardinon N, Turner D, Chemtob D, Grossman Z, Sela Y, Zeldis I, Rudich H, Burke M;;; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child (MTC) transmission of HIV is rare in Israel , about 3 cases annually in the last 6 years. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors affecting MTC transmission of HIV in the greater Tel Aviv region during the study period. Materials and METHODS: 25 pregnancies occurred in 24 HIV+ femal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4762)
Fiore S, Thorne C, European Collaborative Study TH;;; Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: HIV infected women may have a greater risk of infective complications after delivery due to their immunosuppression. Nearly all identified HIV infected pregnant women in Europe deliver by elective caesarean section (CS), which approximately halves vertical transmission risk compared to vaginal and emergency
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4763)
Ogilvie GS, Money DM, Forbes JC, Remple VP, Alimenti A, Burdge DR;;; Children's and Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated perinatal HIV infection in aboriginal maternal infant pairs in British Columbia, Canada . METHODS: All HIV positive pregnant women and infected or exposed infants that presented to the BC referral centre for HIV positive women and children between Jan94 and Dec99 were included. Variable
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4764)
Frederick T, Jackson-Alvarez J, Shin YS, Mascola L, LAC Pediatric AIDS Consortium LA, LAC+USC Medical Center LA;;; LAC Dept. of Health Services, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: Monitoring trends in the prevalence of HIV-exposed and infected children (HEIC) is important for evaluating perinatal transmission prevention efforts and planning future public health programs. METHODS: The Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease project in LAC has collected data on HEIC identified and/or treated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4765)
Kanshana S, Amornwichet P, Teeraratkul A, Naiwatanakul T, Culnane M, Thaineua V, Tappero JW, Simonds RJ;;; Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: About 12,000 children are born to HIV+ mothers yearly in Thailand . In 2000, Thailand became the first developing country to launch a national prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) program. METHODS: National policy was established, program plans were developed, counselors were trained, prog
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4766)
Maupin R, Kissinger P, Lynam RM, Fatsis J, Prystowsky E, Nguyen A, Miller J;;; Louisiana State University, New Orleans, United States
BACKGROUND: Prenatal screening for HIV and early initiation of perinatal prophylaxis is the cornerstone of perinatal HIV eradication. Despite the widespread availability in the United States , certain women do not avail themselves of prenatal care (including HIV testing). The purpose of this study was to compare women
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4767)
King SM, Lapointe N, Forbes J, Samson L, Vaudry W, Read SE, Singer J;;; Hospital for Sick Children and Univeristy of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether strategies to prevent perinatal HIV transmission have been successful in Canada . METHODS: The Canadian Perinatal HIV surveillance program, started in 1992, is an active surveillance program in which Pediatric centres and HIV clinics, where HIV-exposed or -infected infants receive care,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4768)
SquiresMD JE, WendelMD G, RamiloMD O, Graper JK;;; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States
ISSUES: Pediatric HIV/AIDS in the US results almost exclusively from perinatal transmission. A program of prevention for pediatric HIV/AIDS must include a continuum of care for HIV+ pregnant women, extending from early or pre-pregnancy care, through comprehensive services for the mother/child dyad. DESCRIPTION: A multi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4769)
Abrams EJ, Bamji M, Dobroszycki J, Bakshi S, Hassoon A, Abadi J, Bobby P, Shadkin A;;; Harlem Hospital, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Perinatal prevention efforts in the United States have resulted in a dramatic decrease in the rate of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT). Despite widespread counseling, testing and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) regimens, transmission continues to occur. METHODS: MTCT rates were recorded annual
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4770)
Matida LH, Gianna MC, Pacca JC, Bueno SM, Santos NJ, Basso CR;;; State Coordination of STD/AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: In the state of Sao Paulo (SP-36million inhab.) there are about 700.000 deliveries/year with an estimated percentage of HIV+pregnant women = 0.6%, that is, 4.200 possible pregnant women with HIV+/year. Integration of preventive antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in antenatal clinics, as well as at delivery servic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4771)
Hill DW, Sullivan B, Olson C, Ruiz J, Maldonado YA;;; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, United States
BACKGROUND: In the United States , prevention guidelines for perinatal HIV infection following PACTG 076 in 1994 also led to early diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected infants. The impact of these early interventions on survival will guide optimal care of HIV-infected children. METHODS: A population-based cohort of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4772)
Loyal JK, Hill D, Sullivan B, Ruiz J, Maldonado YA;;; Stanford University, Stanford, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-infected women must be identified during pregnancy to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Women lacking HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) may have unique demographic characteristics requiring increased outreach strategies. We compared 2 population-based surveillance systems in California to ide
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4773)
Fleming PL, Lindegren ML, Byers R, Hammett T, Harris N, Schulte J, Janssen R;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Perinatal HIV transmission decreased due to voluntary testing of pregnant women, ZDV use and HAART. We estimated the number of HIV+ infants born in the U.S. in 2000 from surveillance data, chart reviews and special projects. METHODS: A Poisson regression model estimated prevalent diagnosed (dx d) HIV cases
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4774)
[No authors listed]; Osp SAcco, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Potent antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to delay progression of disease in HIV infected adults has become the standard of care and an increasing number of HIV infected women are becoming pregnant while receiving HAART. It has been suggested that exposure to antiretroviral therapy in utero or early life could
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4775)
Kallas EG, Caruso SC, Lopez DF, Fusuma EE, Costa LJ, Diaz RS, Mendonca JS;;; Federal Univ. of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: After the identification of HIV-2 in 1986, most of the cases reported have been concentrated in West Africa. Occasional cases have been reported in other regions of Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia, but no descriptions have been confirmed in Latin America. We identified a case of HIV-2 infection in S
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4776)
Brito AM, Gouveia GC, Souza WV, Figueiroa F, Sena DS;;; Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas - Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
BACKGROUND: On the hypothesis that the advance of the epidemic of AIDS in Recife is accompanied by a change in the epidemiological profile, this study analysis the evolution of the profile of the people affected in the periods 1985-1988, 1989-1992, 1993-1996 and 1997-2000, according to characteristics of gender, school
BACKGROUND: Few data are available on care management of HIV-infected children in Africa. A prospective cohort started in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire in october 2000. OBJECTIVES: to develop models of care management of HIV-infected children in the context of Cote d Ivoire; to identify factors of acceptability of prolonged t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4778)
Grant LA, Tarwater PM, Schneider M, Anastos K, Cohen M, Greenblatt RM;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
OBJECTIVE: To characterize temporal trends and predictors of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) discontinuation among a large cohort of HIV-infected women. METHODS: 936 WIHS participants initiated HAART between 10/95 and 9/00 and remained on HAART for at least 6 mos. HAART discontinuation was defined as a par
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4779)
Gardner LI, Szczech L, Klein RS, Tashima K, Rompalo A, Schuman P, Sadek R, Tong T, Holmberg SD;;; Centers for Disease Control, Division of HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND. Rates of and risk factors associated with total hospitalizations and those hospitalizations with specific medical conditions noted in HIV-positive women have not been studied extensively. METHODS. In the HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) study, 825 HIV-positive women were seen at >/=2 research visits between
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4780)
Werawatakul Y, Thinkamrop J, Rungruengthanakit K, Lulitanond V, Keawvichit R, Jarumanokul R, Muangsamran P, Morrison CS, Celentano DD;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
BACKGROUND: In the low and stable epidemic of HIV in Thailand , we determine the prevalence and incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among Thai women participating in HIVNET Project 021, Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of HIV Acquisition . METHODS: 1566 Thai women aged 18-35 years
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4781)
Milburn NG, Rotheram MJ, Witkin A, May S, Zhou K;;; UCLA-NPI Center for Community Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Service providers for homeless youth are often located within the inner-city neighborhoods that are characterized by drug dealing and sex work. Chronic homelessness is significantly related to HIV, with about 2.5% of homeless youth in the U.S. infected. Stabilizing youth s living situation outside of the in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4782)
Zvandasara P, Miller M, Mbuya N, Stolzfus RJ, Malaba LC, Marinda E, Iliff PJ, Humphrey JH, Zvitambo Study Group A;;; ZVITAMBO Project and University of Zimbabwe Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: In developed countries, anaemia is common during HIV and significantly associated with earlier death. This anaemia results from changes in cytokine production, blunted erythropoietin (EPO) response, and ARV use especially zidovudine . Treatment with recombinant EPO improves this anaemia and survival; Fe sup
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4783)
Camargo V, Silva CG, Grandi JL, Giovanetti M, Garcia SE, D'Angelo LA, Spink MJ, Carvalheiro JR;;; STD/AIDS State Programme of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Bela Vista Project is an open cohort that was started in 1994 and closed in 2001, for the preparation of anti-HIV vaccines among men who have sex with men (MSM). Assessing cases of sexual abuse was not included in the major research objectives, however, data showed how important the issue was: out of 10
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4784)
Thakur K, Saple DG, Vaidya SB, Jujar S, Pandey VP, Vedrevu R;;; HIV Referral Center, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Co-relates of HIV transmission due to needle stick injury are poorly established due to the very nature of exposure. The probabilities of infection after percutenous exposure are largely unknown especially in strains other than HIV-1B. The very nature of exposure limits prospective studies. A need for bette
BACKGROUND: Guidelines (CDC, IDSA, GESIDA) recommend doing TST on every HIV patient at the moment of diagnosis, in order to treat latent tuberculosis if the test is positive. However, they do not define if the TST has to be repeated if the result is negative, so clinical practice is variable. OBJECTIVES: To quantify th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4786)
Spittal PN, Craib KJ, Wood E, Li K, Laliberte N, Tyndall M, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT;;; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To compare HIV incidence rates among male and female injection drug users (IDUs) in the Vancouver cohort; to compare factors associated with HIV seroconversion. METHODS: This analysis was based on 939 participants recruited between 05/96 and 12/00, seronegative at enrolment with at least one follow-up compl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4787)
Soares MA, Oliveira T, Brindeiro RM, Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Brigido L, Pires IL, Morgado MG, Dantas MC, Teixeira PR, Cassol S, Tanuri A;;; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND. Subtype C of HIV-1 is currently responsible for over 50% of the infections worldwide, and it is in clear expansion in Africa and India . Brazil also seems to experience a visible increase of this subtype, notoriously in the southernmost part of the country, where we find frequencies as high as 35%
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4788)
Madurai S, Moodley P, Smith AN, York DF;;; Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Existing literature indicates that South Africa is a clade C restricted epidemic, with 10% of the population being infected. National surveillance in antenatal clinic attendees revealed that KwaZulu Natal (KZN) has the highest prevalence of 36.5% suggesting the prescence of a highly transmissable strain. Pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4789)
Carr JK, Wolfe N, Torimiro JN, Eitel M, Burke DS, Birx DL, McCutchan FE;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 diversity is extensive and incompletely documented in West Central Africa. HIV-1 strains in rural Cameroon may reflect a diffusion from urban sites, with only the most common forms, or they may represent strains not commonly found in the urban sites. METHODS: Five rural sites have been surveyed for HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4790)
Bobkov AF, Kazennova EV, Selimova LM, Khanina TA, Pokrovsky VV, Weber JN;;; The D.I.Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: Rapidly increasing numbers of HIV-1 infections among injecting drug users (IDUs) have been registering in Russia since 1995. Previously it has been shown that the IDUs epidemic in Russia was caused by three HIV-1 strains, one belonging to HIV-1 subtype A (IDU-A), another one to subtype B (IDU-B), and the th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4791)
Karamov EV, Kornilaeva GV, Pavlova TV, Turgiev AS, Nelson K;;; Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND. The HIV epidemic in Russia has undergone a transition from the early phase to the stage of active spread (concentrated phase). METHODS. Sera from 3500 HIV-1-infected patients were tested in ELISA using a set of V3 peptides; 250 PCR-amplified samples of the V3 region of gp120 were sequenced and t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4792)
Padua E, Jenkins A, Paixao MT, Almond N, Berry N;;; NIH, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: In Portugal 4% of AIDS cases notified are caused by HIV-2 infection and ongoing relationships with African countries acts as a diffusion node of the virus within Europe. The aim of this study was to characterize phylogenetic relationships and genetic variability amongst 37 HIV-2 infected individuals enrolle
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4793)
Tatt ID, Barlow KL, Rogers PA, Jordan LF, Parry JV, Clewley JP;;; Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) evolves by mutation and recombination. This generates new genotypes and phenotypes and may compromise diagnostic testing, the success of antiviral treatment and the efficacy of candidate vaccines. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1999 we determined the extent of genetic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4794)
Wang SF;;; National Yang-Ming University, 1Fl., No. 3-2, Alley 4, Lane 315, Sec. 2, Junghua Rd., Jungjeng Chiu, Taipei, Taiwan 100, R.O.C., Taiwan
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency Virus type1 (HIV-1) is the major pathogen known for causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).However,there appears failure of HAART treatment with certain reasons. One of the important reasons is the occurrence of drug-resistant quasispecies during the therapy, especially on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4795)
Zaidi IF, Weinstock HW, Woods TW, Bennett DB, Saekhou AS, Dobbs TD, Parekh BP, Kalish ML;;; Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Background/OBJECTIVES: The presence of non-B subtypes in foreign-born populations in the US has been demonstrated, but the frequency of non-B subtypes in the general population is unknown. We implemented a sentinel surveillance system to monitor the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes in the US. METHODS: From 1997-2001, blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4796)
Blanco M, Martinez N, az HM, Lubian AL, Romay D, Medina A, Regalado L, Rolo FM;;; LISIDA, La Habana, Cuba
BACKGROUND: The Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) for the env gene region, combined with the HMA gene gag, is used as an important tool in the rapid monitoring of the prevalence of genetic subtypes, and the HIV-1 group M recombinant forms. METHODS: A total of 63 HIV-1 infected individuals who have been recently diagnos
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4797)
Eshleman SH, Gonzales MJ, Becker-Pergola G, Cunningham SC, Guay LA, Jackson JB, Shafer RW;;; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Most HIV-1 infections in Uganda are caused by subtypes A and D. The prevalence of recombination and the sites of specific breakpoints between these subtypes have not been reported. METHODS: HIV-1 Pol sequences encoding protease (amino acids 1-99) and reverse transcriptase (amino acids 1-324) from 102 pregna
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4798)
Hackett J, Holzmayer V, Swanson P, Ogunfile M, Devare SG, Schochetman G, Hay P;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
BACKGROUND: In Western Europe, HIV-1 subtype B is predominant, but increasing numbers of non-subtype B infections are being observed. Recent data indicate that, in many countries, >20% of new infections are due to non-subtype B viruses. In the present study, we examine the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains collected f
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4799)
Zetterberg V, Ustina V, Liitsola K, Kalikova N, Zilmer K, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Leinikki P, Salminen MO;;; National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300, Helsinki, Finland
BACKGROUND: In Eastern Europe, HIV epidemics are mostly associated with injecting drug use (IDU), and are caused by a strain belonging to genetic subtype A. HIV-1 infection has earlier been rare in Estonia . In the fall of 2000, an explosive epidemic among injecting drug users started in Narva, a city on the eastern bo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4800)
Wei M, Liang H, Chen Z, Xing H, Zhao QB, Feng Y, Shao YM;;; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: The high degree genetic diversity of HIV-1 really presents challenges for HIV-1 vaccine design. Monitoring HIV-1 genetic characterization will provide essential data for selection of representative vaccine strains. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis is the gold standard assay for HIV subtyping, but diffic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4801)
Aulicino PC, Ovejero M, Batalla M, Carrillo MG, Avila MM, Sen L;;; National Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: In our laboratory, diagnosis of early HIV-1 infection in children born to infected mothers is done by nested multiplex PCR. The criterion used for the diagnosis is the finding of at least one of 2 viral genes (gag or env) in 2 consecutive blood samples positive for [beta]-actin (control). Since 1996 we have
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4802)
Eremin V, Meleshko L, Verevochkin S, Zhdanovskaja O, Gasich E, Karamov E, Kozlov A;;; Byelorussian Research Institute for Epidemiology &Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
BACKGROUND. Before 1995 Belarus and other republic of former Soviet Union (FSU) were known to be low prevalence countries with regard to HIV/AIDS. Since summer 1996, when outbreak occurred in small city named Svetlogorsk with 70000 population. METHODS. Epidemiological, serological: EIA ( Bio Rad-Ag/Ab; Vironostika-Ag/A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4803)
Villahermosa ML, Cuevas MT, Carmona R, Perez-Alvarez L, Rodriguez R, Vazquez de Parga E, Leal RR, Delgado E, Thomson MM, Sierra M, Medrano L, Cuevas L, Najera R;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Patogenia Viral, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: 1) To study the presence of natural primary resistance mutations to fusion inhibitors, in non-B and recombinant HIV from Spanish patients(Galicia). 2) To evaluate polymorphisms in gp 41 sequence in relation to subtypes or recombinants. PATIENTS: 40 HIV-1 non-B infected patients from Galicia, corresponding t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4804)
Delgado E, Thomson MM, Villahermosa ML, Sierra M, Perez-Alvarez L, Taboada JA, Najera R; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CNBF, Patogenia Viral, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: In a study of 880 HIV-1-infected individuals from Galicia (Northwestern Spain ), we previously identified, by analysis of partial pol and env sequences, 15 subjects, 14 of them injecting drug users (IDU), harbouring BG intersubtype recombinant viruses and 5 subjects infected with nonrecombinant G subtype vi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4805)
Filho DJ, Costa LJ, Silva WP, Sucupira MC, Pereira AN, Diaz RS;;; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Clades B, F, and C cocirculate in Brazil , with prevalences of around 85%, 14%, and 1% respectively. Therefore, intersubtype recombination would be frequently expected. METHODS: DNAs of 261 samples from HIV infected consecutive patients from Sao Paulo, Brazil were PCR amplified and sequenced. RESULTS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4806)
Paraskevis D, Magiorkinis E, Magiorkinis G, Kiosses VG, Theodoridou M, Paparizos V, Hatzakis A;;; National Retrovirus Reference Center, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
BACKGROUND: The CRF04_cpx isolates, which were initially designated as subtype I , were first identified in Cyprus in two intravenous drug users (IDUs) who presumably became infected in Greece . Since then, CRF04_cpx strains have been detected in several instances in Greece
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4807)
Vazquez de Parga E, Thomson MM, Rakhmanova A, Cuevas MT, Vinogrodova E, Villahermosa ML, Jakovlev A, Perez-Alvarez L, Valova L, Carmona R, Bikov A, Yrudinin M, Medrano L, Cuevas L, Sierra M, Delgado E, Osmanov S, Najera R;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III. CNBF. Patogenia Viral, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
OBJECTIVES: Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 genetic forms circulating in the former Soviet Union. Determination of resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 protease and RT. Methods 218 patients were studied: 196 from Russia , 11 from Ukraine , 6 from Belarus and 5 from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4808)
Melon S, de Ona M, Boga JA, Palacio A, Fernandez JA, Microbiology and Infectious Disease group from Asturias, HC;;; Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
BACKGROUND: To determine HIV subtypes and antiretroviral susceptibility from viruses belonging to seropositive patients followed up in Asturias, to whom susceptibility genotyping studies were done. Samples and methods: From June 2000 to October 2001, 115 HIV genotypic antiretroviral susceptibility studies were performe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4809)
Pandrea I, Robertson DL, Onanga R, Gao F, Makuwa M, Ngari P, Bedjabaga I, Roques P, Simon F, Apetrei C;;; Laboratoire de Retrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Medicales, Franceville, Gabon
BACKGROUND: We investigated the HIV-1 diversity in Gabon , using a new strategy designed for the concomitant study of viral diversity, recombinant strains prevalence and genotypic drug susceptibility analysis. METHODS: Forty-two HIV-1 strains analysed using the following approach: nested PCRs performed to obtain a 1055
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4810)
Pilon R, Sandstrom P, Burchell A, Calzavara L, Major C, Read S, Logue K, Ostrowski M, Gough K, Rachlis A;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the intra- and inter-cohort relationship of HIV between risk categories of patients enrolled in a cohort of Canadian seroconverters and those from published studies in Canada and Europe. METHODS: Sequences from the Polaris Study (63 sequences, consisting of 4 IDU, 3 MSM-IDU, 5 heterosexual and 5
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4811)
Carrion G, Alava A, Salomon H, Hierholzer J, Kochel T, Avila M, Mosquera C, Sanchez JL, Laguna-Torres V, Montoya O, Negrete M, Chauca G, Cruz C, Carr JK;;; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment (NMRCD), Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 can be classified into at least 10 genetic subtypes and at least 12 different circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). In South America, subtype B is the most common followed by subtype F. However, other subtypes have been described. To monitor for and to describe which HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs are in cir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4812)
Montano SM, Sanchez JL, Alava A, Velandia M, Arredondo A, Gianella A, Serra M, Avila M, Sanchez J, Cuchi P, Ayala CI, Andrade R, Rios M, Russi JC, Perez J, Segura P, Carr JK, Russell K;;; US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment (NMRCD), Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: To determine prevalence and genetic variation of HIV-1 in South America (SA), population-based surveillance studies were performed among at- risk groups in Peru , Ecuador , Bolivia , Chile ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4813)
rez-Alvarez L, Villahermosa ML, Carmona R, Thomson MM, Medrano L, Cuevas MT, Delgado E, Vazquez de Parga E, Cuevas L, Sierra M, Rodriguez A, Ocampo A, Miralles C, Garcia-Costa F, Pedreira JD, jera R;;; Area de Patogenia Viral. CNBF. Instituto de Salud Carlos III.., Majadahonda. Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND:1)To study the incidence of non-B subtypes and recombinant HIV infections among newly diagnosed patients in Spain (Galicia). 2) To analyse the relationship between transmission route and spread of different non-B and recombinant viruses 3) To describe the pattern of resistance mutations and polymorphism in R
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4814)
Duque V, Carvalho A, Morais C, Coelho F, Rabadao E, Oliveira J, Saraiva-da-Cunha J, Melico-Silvestre A;;; Laboratorio de Virologia/Departamento de Doencas Infecciosas/Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the various HIV-1 subtypes may help in the study of transmission patterns within and between different populations, in tailoring future vaccines, in studying the natural history of the HIV infection, in diagnosis and may be in the clinical management of the infected patient. METHODS: To identif
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4815)
Peter T, Novitsky V, Gaolekwe S, Ahn S, Reich AM, Sepako E, Bussmann H, Wester W, Marlink R, Thior I, Essex M;;; Botswana-Harvard Partnership for HIV Research and Education, Gaborone, Botswana
BACKGROUND: HIV RNA load and CD4 cell counts are useful parameters for staging infection and timing initiation of drug therapy. Few data are available on these parameters for non-B HIV-1 subtypes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where subtype C predominates. In Botswana , almost all infections are with HIV-1 subtype C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4816)
Jost S, Yerly S, Kaufmann D, Monnat M, Telenti A, Chave JP, Kaiser L, rgisser P, Flepp M, Vernazza P, Battegay M, Perrin L;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: The analysis of HIV sequences from seroconverting IVDUs allowed us to detect the spreading of a new recombinant subtype. METHODS: Sixty-two plasma from seroconverting or recently (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4817)
Janse van Rensburg E, Robson BA, Treurnicht FK, Smith TL, Sampson CC, Faatz E, Engelbrecht S;;; University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: South Africa experiences a tremendous influx of citizens from other African countries. The introduction of multiple HIV subtypes and viral recombinants is therefore unavoidable. This may alter the profile of circulating strains, which has been subtype C predominantly in the heterosexual community and subtyp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4818)
Wolfe ND, Carr JK, Prosser AT, Mpoudi NE, Tamoufe U, Torimiro NJ, McCutchan FE, Birx DL, Burke DS;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Nonhuman primates and humans share susceptibility to a broad range of microorganisms, and contact with wild nonhuman primates provides an important avenue for the emergence of infectious diseases. As hunted nonhuman primates are known to harbor simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), behaviors which involve
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4819)
Rouet F, Bonard D, Toni TA, Montcho C, Minga A, Inwoley A, Huet C, Masquelier B, Rouzioux C, Dabis F, Salamon R;;; CeDReS/PAC-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
BACKGROUND: Given specific biological and environmental conditions, the validation of plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) measurements is required in Africa. METHODS: Fifty-two plasma samples from 42 randomly selected HIV seropositive adults enrolled between June 1997 and October 2001 in the PRIMO-CI prospective cohort (A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4821)
Gadelha SR, Galvao-Castro B, Shindo N;;; Laboratorio Avancado de Saude Publica/Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
BACKGROUND: In Brazil the HIV-1 subtype B has predominated though an increasing number of non-B infections and few recombinants virus have being reported. The env HMA has been largely used in Brazil as a tool for monitoring subtype distribution. Since intersubtype recombination is an important source of HIV-1 genetic v
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4822)
Sylvan SP;;; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: HIV surveillance among high risk populations such as injecting drug users (IDU) has demonstrated a dramatic increase in newly diagnosed HIV infections among IDU in several cities of Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4823)
Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M, Tornesello ML, Capiluppi B, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G, Buonaguro FM;;; Viral Oncology, Ist. Naz. Tumori Fond. G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the HIV-1 epidemic, only B-clade strains have been identified in Italy . However, the HIV-1 transmission pattern is changing and the heterosexual contacts have become the prevalent route of transmission in Italian women. This evidence and the increase of immigrants from non-European c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4824)
Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Bedjabaga I, Mouinga-Ondeme A, Telfer P, Simon F, Roques P;;; CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon
BACKGROUND: Previous studies carried out in Gabon have shown a high HTLV prevalence including a limited number of HTLV-II infections. To support the hypothesis of cross-species transmission of STLV-I between monkeys and humans, we looked for the presence of the STLV-I related viruses in humans in Gabon and we compared
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4825)
Bollyky PL, Wester W, Peter T, Bussmann H, Makhema MJ, Dickinson D, Notitsky VA, Essex M;;; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
BACKGROUND: Most HIV-1 drug treatment resistance studies have involved subtype B strains. Antiretroviral treatments, however, are becoming available in certain developing countries like Botswana , where subtype C predominates. The effective application of antiretrovirals in Botswana is dependant in part on knowledge ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4826)
Shaw LE, Yirrell D, Cameron S, Burns S, Codere G, Taylor A, Goldberg DJ;;; SCIEH, Glasgow, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: In 2000, SCIEH, in association with Regional Virus Laboratories in Edinburgh and Glasgow, decided to enhance Scotland s existing HIV case database by incorporating HIV-1 subtype data. The data would inform the clinical management of cases and the epidemiological understanding of HIV, particularly relating t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4827)
Morphet MN;;; Queensland Universiy of technology, Brisbane, Australia
There are currently 150 different regimes being prescribed to HAART patients. Recent clinical trials comparing different types of therapy have shown inconsistent results. Differences within a drug class may exist and are regularly not adddresed. There is a need to investigate drug combinations and not just types of the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4828)
Downs AM, Pilkington H, Hamers FF;;; EuroHIV, InVS, Saint Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: A variety of systems have been set up to monitor HIV prevalence among specific sub-populations in European countries. We analysed the main sources of recent (1996-2000) data on pregnant women (PW) and injecting drug users (IDU) in the WHO European region (51 countries). METHODS: Subject to defined quality c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4829)
Bayoumi AM, Goia C, Gardner S, Major C, Millson M, Robinson G, Remis RS, Rachlis A;;; Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV-specific interventions are sometimes less effective in practice than in clinical trials. We examined whether a matched-cohort study could be used to evaluate the usefulness of genotypic resistance testing (GRT) in a non-experimental setting. METHODS: We selected cases from the HIV Ontario Observational
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4830)
Trigueiros DP, Krall A, Mesquita FC, Telles PR, Bueno RC, Hacker M, Bastos FI;;; STD/AIDS Coordination of Sao Paulo City Health Department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Three cross-sectional studies have been carried out in SM and RJ (1990-3; 1994-6; 1999-2001), using in each round the same methodology and questionnaire in both sites (WHO Multicity Study). A key finding in both sites is a substantial decline of HIV and C viral hepatitis (and moderate for Hep. B) in the las
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4831)
Roca E, Ashburn K, Moreno L, Jerez H, Rosario S, Gomez B, Sweat M, Kerrigan D;;; Horizons/Population Council, Washington, United States
BACKGROUND: Despite significant interest in environmental-structural interventions to prevent HIV, few evaluation tools have been developed to measure environmental-level, rather than individual-level, data to assess their impact. This paper outlines the development and results of an ecological assessment tool used to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4832)
Constantine F, Scharfstein D, Strathdee SA, Safaiean M, Varadhan R, Brookmeyer R, Vlahov D;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
OBJECTIVE: Observational studies of needle exchange program (NEP) effectiveness are subject to selection factors, since injection drug users (IDUs) attending NEP tend to be at higher risk of HIV seroconversion than non-attenders. We studied the association between HIV seroconversion and NEP program attendance in Baltim
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4833)
Barth-Jones DC, Longini IM, Ackers ML, Mastro TD;;; Center for Healthcare Effectiveness Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
BACKGROUND: In anticipation of an effective HIV vaccine, it is important that vaccination policies be developed to assure that vaccine resources are used to optimal effect. Because the worldwide demand for vaccine can be anticipated to exceed initial production capacities, it is essential that countries develop strateg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4834)
Stein Z, Susser M, Myer L;;; Gertrude Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
Introduction: In the wake of randomized controlled trials of N-9, conventional wisdom holds that the effective evaluation of potential vaginal microbicide products requires a trial arm in which participants receive a condom promotion intervention alone ( condom only ), in addition to an inert placebo arm. It is widely
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4835)
Purvis LA, Golub ET, Sapun M, Safaeian M, Beyrer C, Tun W, Vlahov D, Strathdee SA;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: To assess changes in willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV vaccine trials among injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore MD, USA. METHODS: IDUs enrolled in an ongoing cohort study underwent semiannual HIV tests and interviews. IDUs were asked about WTP in an HIV vaccine trial in 1994 (Wave I, n=439) and 2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4836)
van de Wijgert JH, Jones H, Pistorius A, de Kock A, Sebola M, Friedland B, Coetzee N, Hoosen A;;; Population Council, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: While planning Phase III effectiveness trials of microbicides, scientists have debated the feasibility of including a no-gel/condoms-only arm, potential problems with gel-sharing, participant preferences for visit schedules, and other methodological issues. METHODS: We conducted a survey with 200 women who
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4837)
Kublin JG, Miller WC, Jere CS, Chisi JE, Hoffman IF, Mbewe B, Pendame R;;; College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
BACKGROUND: Community mobilization for HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and subsequent recruitment into clinical studies will be the foundation of vaccine trials in Africa. Planning for phase I-III trials requires access to appropriate populations with data on incidence and natural history of HIV infection. L
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4838)
Thomas P, Nash D, Torian L, Forlenza S, Fordyce J, Peters V, Jones L, Sackoff J, Singh TP, Weisfuse I, Mojica B;;; New York City, Department of Health, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV first appeared in New York City (NYC) 25 years ago and is now endemic. Greatly improved survival has resulted in a steadily rising number of New Yorkers living with AIDS despite declining new AIDS diagnoses. This report describes the epidemiology of HIV in NYC based on public health surveillance. METHOD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4839)
Gulati V, Orozco-Cronin P, Green K, Orelind K, Young J, Popovic V;;; VaxGen, Inc., Brisbane, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Large phase III trials of preventive HIV vaccines present challenges to data management and monitoring of trial conduct. Real time access and analysis of data is a critical factor for monitoring of trial conduct. METHODS: 5,418 individuals at risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection across 61 sites in Nor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4840)
Boulme R, Gonzalez D, Robert I, Ternes AM, Schmit JC;;; Advanced Biological Laboratories, Biomedical Information Unit, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
BACKGROUND: To adapt and improve a database commonly used in a virology laboratory and clinical centre, with the aim to provide clinicians and virologists with a centralized database system with integrated laboratory and decision support functionalities. METHODS: Starting from the existing system, a thin client applica
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4841)
Schierhout G, Kinghorn A, Johnson S, McKay E, Rugeiyamu J;;; Abt Associates, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has significant impacts on education in severely affected countries. There is a need for instruments to quantify HIV/AIDS impacts at school level. Such instruments may be used to identify types and scale of needed interventions, to assist evaluation and to track changes over time. This
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4842)
Biswas B;;; Social Worker, Bombay, India
ISSUES: Worldwide, research protocol has laid down strict norms for ethical treatment of human subjects as research participants. However, the author s experience as a social work researcher shows, often, such intentions of ethical treatment are lost while translating the same in reality. As a result, the researched, m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4843)
Cole SR, Hernan MA, Margolick JB, Cohen M, Munoz A;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: In observational studies, where HAART is initiated based on biomarker levels, the use of standard multivariable statistical methods is likely to bias effect estimates. We innovatively apply marginal structural models to estimate the net causal effect of HAART on 6-month change in CD4 cell count on a combine
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4844)
Hernan MA, Cole SR, Philippakis A, Robins JM;;; Harvard University, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: The optimal time to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected individuals remains controversial. In the absence of evidence from randomized trials, findings from prospective observational studies are essential. However, due to inappropriate adjustment for time-dependent confoundi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4845)
Shiboski SC, Padian NS, Halperin DT, Page-Shafer K;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Estimation of attributable fractions of HIV infections due to particular modes of transmission pose unique challenges due to the nature of exposure information obtained in epidemiological studies. We propose methods of estimation and inference for these measures, and investigate interpretability and limitat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4846)
Vongchak T, Razak MH, Saokhieo P, Wiboonnatakul K, Kawichai S, Jittiwutthikarn J, Suriyanon V, Celentano DD;;; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Recruitment and retention at follow-up are crucial in prospective studies. Implementing strategies to maximize participation are often necessary to improve follow-up rates in prospective studies for HIV risks among drug users in northern Thailand . METHODS: HIV negative drug users were recruited for an on-g
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4847)
Moodley K, Barnes JM, Janse van Rensburg E, Myer L;;; University of Stellenbosch, Cape town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Phase 1,2 and 3 HIV Vaccine trials are scheduled for implementation in South Africa in 2002/2003. It is common knowledge that these trials are fraught with ethical concerns. There are also many misperceptions about the vaccine itself. In South Africa obtaining informed consent from educationally disadvantag
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4848)
Negron-Ayala J;;; Center for Studies of Addiction/University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
BACKGROUND: The relationship between drug abuse and HIV/AIDS epidemics is better understood when risk practices are analyzed in conjunction with the social and spatial relations of the settings where these behavioral interactions take place. METHODS: Ethnographic and mapping techniques were used to produce a composite
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4849)
Duong T; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: In contrast to adults, there have been no major studies relating longitudinal CD4 count and RNA viral load (VL) measurements to risk of disease progression or death in untreated HIV-infected children. METHODS: Longitudinal data were collected on ~4100 HIV-infected children from 17 studies (RCTs, cohort stud
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4850)
O'Brien K, Nixon SA, Glazier R, Tynan A, Wilkins A;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To examine the effect of aerobic exercise interventions on cardiopulmonary, immunological/virological and psychological parameters in adults living with HIV infection. METHODS: A systematic review of literature on HIV and exercise was performed following the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Inclusion criter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4851)
Smith AN, Moodley P;;; University, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The AIDS epidemic in South Africa was characterized in the late 1980s by an initial wave of clade B HIV infection in the white gay population and a group of hemophilia patients infected by an imported batch of factor VIII clotting factor. The rate of spread of the virus was slow and appeared to be limited t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4852)
Baehr M;;; KnowledgeLayers, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Since 1980, over 160,000 journal articles have been published on HIV / AIDS. In addition, over 50,000 AIDS meeting abstracts have been compiled. The World Wide Web provides online access to both journal and meeting abstracts through the PubMed and AIDSLINE databases. This structured, digital body of informa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4853)
Schackman BR, Freedberg KA, Weinstein MC, Sax PE, Losina E, Zhang H, Goldie SJ;;; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent U.S. national guidelines for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) acknowledge tradeoffs between potential life expectancy gains and ART-related side effects, particularly for patients with CD4 cell counts of 200-350/uL and HIV RNA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4854)
Cabases JM, Sanchez E, Hualde G;;; Professor, Pamplona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Access to sterile syringes may prevent HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs). We estimate the costs and effectiveness of an HIV prevention intervention consisting of distribution of an antiAIDS kit containing one syringe with needle, one condom, paper towel, and distilled water. Distribution is do
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4855)
Becker R, Shakur I;;; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, Illinois, United States
BACKGROUND: The ACTG359 trial investigated the addition of delavirdine [DLV] to two salvage therapy regimens in NNRTI-naive HIV patients who failed indinivir. The trial showed that the both regimens ( nelfinavir [NVF]+saquinivir [SQV]+adefovir [ADV] and ritonovi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4856)
Sendi P, Battegay M;;; Basel Center for HIV-Research, Outpatient Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) HIV-infection has become a chronic disease. The most widespread modelling approach to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of chronic diseases is a Markov model. Hence, most cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4857)
Elbeik T, Markowitz N, Nassos P, Uday K, Haller B, Ng V;;; University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Current protocols for HIV and HCV assays require performing separately on the System 340 analyzer. We demonstrate the proficiency to perform both assays using the same test protocol for simultaneous testing of HIV/HCV with a single run. METHODS: HIV-1 Standard (X): 1.Lyse HIV-1 pellet, vortex, 2.Heat block
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4858)
Nookhai S, Buranapraditkun S, Ubolyam S, Sirivichayakul S, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P;;; Thai Redcross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: In Thailand , the cost of antiretrovirals has been reduced dramatically in the past few years. The Thai Government has a commitment to include ART into the current Universal Health Care Program (Known as 30 Baht/visit for all diseases) in a very near future. However, the cost of laboratory monitoring (CD4,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4859)
Wilson VA, Kitson-Piggott W, Tillett T, McLean R;;; Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
BACKGROUND: Data from laboratory evaluations conducted by the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre in its member countries (CMCs) revealed numerous anecdotal reports of incorrect or discordant results from clinics and patients. Evidence was documented by CAREC of 45-55% discordance in repeated HIV results in one country over
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4860)
Peffer D, Osman N, Vaz P;;; Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
BACKGROUND: The HIV prevalence in Mozambique is 16 %and out of that 25% are children aged 0-4 years. About 90% of the children acquired the infection through their mother and though this is preventable, that is not the case of our country. OBJECTIVES: To compare the costs and benefits of providing pregnant women with a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4861)
Postma MJ, Bos JM, van Hulst M;;; Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), Groningen, The Netherlands
BACKGROUNDHIV NAT was recently introduced for Dutch blood donors next to ELISA testing. We estimated incremental cost-effectiveness of HIV NAT. METHODS: A pharmaco-economic model was developed that links epidemiology of HIV among blood donors, characteristics of recipients of blood transfusions and benefits of NAT.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4862)
Sweat M, Reilly K, Schmid G, Denison J, de Zoysa I;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: Nevirapine (NVP) is an inexpensive drug that is effective in preventing mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Economic analyses of the use of NVP for PMTCT have concluded it is cost-effective. However, in demonstration projects, many women decline HIV testing and, if positive, NVP, and many HIV+ wome
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4863)
Grobman WA, Garcia PM;;; Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Both antiretroviral therapy and cesarean delivery can decrease the rate of perinatal HIV transmission. Yet, the maximal reduction in transmission achieved with undetectable viral load (VL) or a cesarean before the onset of active labor or rupture of membranes is unobtainable for many women in the outpatient
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4864)
Alves K, Caseiro MM, Diaz RS, Hernandez A, Falcao ME, Rawal BD, Sucupira MC, Busch MP, Vieira TM, Rutherford G, Page-Shafer K;;; School of Public Health, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Santos is a port city in Southeastern Brazil and an epicenter for the HIV epidemic. We estimated HIV incidence among clients seeking HIV testing at an anonymous HIV test (ATS) center from 1996-1999 using a sensitive/less sensitive (S/LS) EIA testing strategy and assessed independent risk factors associated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4865)
Linley L, Withum D, Weinstock H, Mei J, Bell K, Royalty J, Miller M;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: The Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) combines the use of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with a modified, less sensitive (LS) version of an EIA to distinguish persons with recent HIV-1 infection. The LS assay is non-reactive if a person has been recently infected. If
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4866)
Hu DJ, Vanichseni S, Mock PA, Young NL, Dobbs T, Choopanya K, Mastro TD, Parekh BS;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Development of serologic assays to identify newly infected persons and to estimate HIV-1 incidence is important globally. METHODS: IDUs (n=1,968) were screened from April-December 1996 for participation in a prospective study; 594 (30.2%) specimens were seropositive and were recently tested with an IgG capt
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4867)
Kral AH, Shafer K, Kellogg TA, Riley E, Edlin BR, Moss AR, Busch MP, McFarland W;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Few studies of injection drug users (IDUs) have been able to assess trends in HIV incidence due to the cost and logistics of long-term cohort studies. New technology in HIV testing has allowed the ascertainment of recent infection (past 129 +/- 20 days) from single specimen, allowing estimates of HIV incide
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4868)
Murphy G, Parry JV, Jordan LF, Charlet A, Gill ON;;; Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND - To determine the trend in HIV incidence in homosexual men attending STI clinics, 1995 - 2000. METHODS - Residual syphilis serology specimens, collected from homosexual men attending 15 STI clinics in England and Wales, were tested for anti-HIV as part of a continuing unlinked anonymous HIV serosurvey. The
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4869)
Kellogg TA, Loeb L, Dilley J, Adler B, Rinaldi J, McFarland WC;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV counseling and testing has been the cornerstone of HIV prevention efforts in many parts of the world. However, there are increasing reports of high rates of seroconversion among persons who have been counseled and tested several times. Among men who have sex with men (MSM) seeking anonymous testing, we
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4870)
Martindale SL, Cook D, Weber AE, Miller ML, Chan K, Craib KJ, Hogg RS, Press E;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) - a.k.a. the detuned assay - can be used to calculate the probability that seroconversion has occurred within a defined period of time. Potential applications are to narrow down the window period of infection for newly positive patients to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4871)
Velasco M, Satue JA, Losa JE, Espinosa A, Delgado-Iribarren A, Castilla V;;; Fundacion Hospital Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND : Although the introduction of HAART in the clinical practice has dramatically changed the evolution of opportunistic diseases in HIV-patients, pneumonia is still common. In spite of this, little is known about the incidence of this condition in HIV population compared to general population not immunosuprese
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4872)
Page-Shafer K, Osmond D, Ball J, Hernandez A, Shiboski S, Shiboski C, McFarland W, Klausner J, Greenspan D, Dilley J;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Estimates of infectivity and relative risk (RR) of acquiring HIV by receptive oral intercourse (ROI) are very low, yet concern remains high that a substantial proportion (6-8%) of new HIV infections among MSM may be attributable to ROI since 95% report practicing ROI. We present the probability of HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4873)
Avila M, Vignoles M, Maulen S, Sheppard HW, Estani SS, Pando MA, Peralta LM, Weissenbacher M;;; National Reference Centre for AIDS, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: According to the Argentine National AIDS Program s 2001 report, in Argentina at the beginning of the epidemic (1982-1990), men having sex with men (MSM) represented 60% of the total notified AIDS cases, decreasing to 28% in 1999. However, AIDS cases in MSM have increased slightly since then. The knowledge o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4874)
Burchell AN, Remis RS, Corey P, Major C, Calzavara L, Myers T, Millson P, Wallace E; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: Incidence density (ID) estimates among repeat HIV testers can be obtained with the Kittayaporn method (AIDS 1994, 8:1443-1450) that apportions seroconverters and person-time across calendar years. We tested the hypothesis that ID estimates in recent years are subject to upward bias. METHODS: Persons undergo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4875)
Esteve A, Yan P, Casabona J, Castilla J;;; Centre d'Estudis Epidemiologics sobre la sida de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of HAART, accurate estimations of HIV incidence from the AIDS cases through back-calculation are difficult to obtain. Our objective is to estimate historical HIV incidence from the AIDS reported cases, at national level, and to explore possible use of surveillance data to estimate HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4876)
Gederlini A, Villarroel L, Marshall G, Arredondo A, Ortiz E;;; Department of Public Health. Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
BACKGROUND: To estimate the HIV/AIDS epidemic course is fundamental to public prevention policies implementation, to determine therapies coverage and related health care costs. In Latin America there is not enough experience on adjusting HIV/AIDS projection models; a constrain is the knowledge deficit on specific prope
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4877)
Sill AM, Cleghorn FR, Jack N, Smith H, Zink H, Kreisel K, Blattner WA, Bartholomew C, Constantine NT;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Current methods to discriminate recent ( 133 days) HIV infection may be imprecise. The current study aimed to more precisely define time windows from infection, as an adjunct to the current sensitive/less sensitive (S/LS) tests. METHODS: Eighty-eight serial samples from 26 HIV cases from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4878)
Izopet J, Boineau J, Souyris C, Saune K, Miedouge M, Pasquier C, Puel J;;; Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to assess the performance of a new automated specimen preparation system based on solution-phase probe capture for quantifying plasma HIV-1 RNA by RT-PCR. METHODS: Specimens were prepared from 500 µl plasma using the manual ultrasensitive procedure (24,000 g, 1 H, 4?C) and by the Roche
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4879)
Cheingsong R, Gaolekwe S, Kalake W, Kenyon T, Rayfield M, Bond K, Mei J, Xia L;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: In Botswana , on-site HIV rapid testing is used in non-governmental VCT centers. Except for 2001, the annual HIV sentinel surveillance excluded remote health districts mainly due to logistical barriers. We conducted this study to assess the performance of HIV EIA kits for HIV antibody testing using dried bl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4880)
Wasinrapee P, Kilmarx PH, Suksripanich O, Chaowanachan T, Chaikummao S, Thongpun J, Young NL;;; Thai MOPH-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: In preparation for a clinical trial we assessed the in vitro effects of Carraguard® (3% carrageenan gel) and a 2.5% methyl cellulose placebo gel on laboratory tests for CT and NG. The presence of Carraguard resulted in potentially significant inhibition for both COBAS Amplicor® PCR and Gen-Probe® P
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4881)
Constantine NT, Barletta J, Feng E, Edelman DC, Highsmith WE;;; University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: The detection of low HIV copy number is important to protect the blood supply and to monitor infection. Although viral RNA detection shortens the seronegative window period for infected individuals, its sensitivity is limited to 50 copies/ml (25 virions). Because each virion contains an estimated 3,000 mole
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4882)
Kiptoo MK, Mpoke S, Kobayashi N, Amano T, Okoth FA;;; KEMRI/JICA, Nairobi, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Screening of blood for HIV-1 is predominantly performed by ELISA and the results are confirmed by Western blot which is expensive and is mostly done in the developed countries. The IFA technique has been used to detect retroviruses including HTLV and HIV. This study evaluated the performance of an in-house
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4883)
Kumalawati J, Sukartini N, Aziz AS, Wignall FS, Chow JM, Donegan E;;; National HIV Reference Laboratory, Jakarta, Indonesia
BACKGROUND: In Indonesia widespread reports of discrepant HIV test results prompted an in country evaluation of marketed tests, as there is no government kit evaluation process. METHODS: Plasma from 36 Indonesian blood banks was screened for HIV. Frozen samples were then sent to the National HIV Reference Laboratory, w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4884)
Sukartini N, Kumalawati J, Aziz AS, Chow JM, Wignall FS, Donegan E;;; National HIV Reference Laboratory, Jakarta, Indonesia
BACKGROUND: Rapid HIV tests are needed in Indonesian sites unable to use anti-HIV enzyme-linked immunoassays. In Indonesia, the rapid HIV tests on the market are registered but not evaluated and true test performance is unknown. Because sensitivity and specificity of these tests are compromised in low HIV prevalence se
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4885)
Hecht FM;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Identifying HIV+ persons who are within weeks of HIV antibody seroconversion is important for research and may be important for clinical care, but is often difficult after seroconversion. The p31 band on Western blot (WB) is specific for HIV but has been reported to develop later than the bands used for dia
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4886)
Kaeller J, Hasan JA, Mink RW, Jacobsen DA, Gottfried TD;;; SA Scientific Inc., San Antonio TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Urine has been successfully used as a specimen for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies (Ab) by EIA and Western Blot despite the fact that the antibodies are at lower levels than found in blood or serum. Rapid immunochromatography (RIC) tests have been developed for blood/serum HIV Ab testing and are considere
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4887)
Lima DM, Fonseca BA;;; Ribeirao Preto Medicine School - Sao Paulo University, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has become one of the largest problems of public health worldwide. Occupational accidents are common in the clinical practice and are associated to an infection risk by several pathogens, especially the HIV. Serologic examination is used to determine the accident victim an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4888)
Lima DM, Colares JK, Fonseca BA;;; Ribeirao Preto Medicine School - Sao Paulo University, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has become one of the greatest problems of public health worldwide. The occupational exposure is common in the clinical settings and represents an important risk for health care personnel. The estimated risk of contamination through percutaneous injuries involving HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4889)
Repke H, Nicolaus S, Lettau O, Vetter G, Wong V;;; German-American Institute for Applied Biomedical Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
BACKGROUND: HIV-infection requires a 100% reliable diagnosis. In developed countries, this has been achieved by a combination of laboratory-based screening and confirmation tests. A similar rapid test system is badly needed because of the high incidence of other diseases causing false-positive HIV-tests. METHODS: A new
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4890)
Souza RS, Motta LR, Wong V, Gomez-Marin O, Mitchell C, Repke H;;; University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
BACKGROUND: InstantScreen Rapid HIV-1/2 assay (GAIFAR, Germany ), uses novel technologies for antibody detection (OCA-particles) and antibody-capture (epitope-combi-antigens) and detects antibodies against all strains of HIV in 30 seconds irrespective of whether blood, serum or plasma is being used. No specialized equi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4891)
Aghokeng FA, Ewane L, Awazi B, Nanfack A, Vergne L, Liegeois F, Delaporte E, Peeters M, Zekeng L;;; Laboratoire de Sante Hygiene Mobile, Yaounde, Cameroon
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 epidemic in Cameroon is characterized by extensive genetic variability. Several studies showed that the genetic diversity has implications on the efficiency of HIV diagnostic assays which have so far mainly been developed based on subtype B viruses. Accurate diagnosis and proper screening of blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4892)
York DF, Kiepiela P, Smith AN;;; Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa and has a clade C restricted epidemic. There is a large rural and urban population that requires access to various formats of HIV testing. As a regional testing laboratory we investigated 4 commercial assays using either oral, urine, whole blood or serum as diagnostic sample for
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4893)
Fiscus SA, Cachafeiro AA, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Pilcher CD;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the overall sensitivity of p24 antigen testing in acute HIV infection might be limited by the appearance of anti-p24 antibody complexes in the last weeks prior to seroconversion. We examined whether a heat-dissociated p24 assay (HD-Ag) would improve sensitivity for acute HIV infection d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4894)
Houlihan H, Reeler A, Fages V, Magalla A, Ouedraogo C, Saba J;;; Axios, Paris, France
ISSUES: The Axios Mobilization Methodology (AMM) has proven effective in mobilizing local stakeholders for action and promoting multisectoral collaboration in different socio-cultural environments. DESCRIPTION: The AMM is a four-week process that involves needs assessment, project design and mobilization of local actor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4895)
Machekano RN, Bassett MT, McFarland W, Katzenstein DA;;; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
OBJECTIVE: Providing low-cost interventions such as co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections among HIV infected individuals depends on the identification of those at risk. We describe the prevalence of self-reported signs and symptoms and CD4 cell counts in a cohort of 447 HIV seropositive men. A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4896)
Melgar MI, Abella C, Aldana R;;; AIDS Society of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
ISSUES: A ssessment of community drug situation and risk for HIV/AIDS by NGOs and research institutions often fall short of expectations in terms of getting near to the truths and realities behind data and figures. DESCRIPTION: This paper combines the research strategy of engaging and supervising researchers from insid
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4897)
Fabiani M, Fylkesnes K, Nattabi B, Declich S;;; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa the HIV epidemic is usually monitored by conducting sentinel surveillance among women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs). However, comparative studies have shown that the HIV prevalence among pregnant women underestimates the prevalence among the general female population, mainly becau
BACKGROUND: Estimates of the extent of the HIV epidemic based on a single source of data (e.g., AIDS registries or HIV surveillance systems ) tend to be biased because these sources are generally incomplete. We attempted to estimate the number of HIV-infected persons by cross-linking data from 4 different sources. METH
BACKGROUND: Monitoring the stage of the HIV epidemic and changing risk patterns for HIV acquisition are important for planning effective interventions. The present study estimates the change over 8 years in the risk of acquiring HIV-1 associated with high-risk sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) am
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4900)
Weir SS, Boerma JT;;; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: Behavioral surveillance monitors self-reported risk behavior in risk groups. This may be problematic when risk groups are difficult to identify, where groups overlap, and when the epidemic spreads to the general population. An alternative strategy is to identify geographic areas of high HIV incidence and mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4901)
Becker R, Zaccagnini P, Rattana S;;; Ovation Research Group, Highland Park, Ilinois, United States
BACKGROUND: Brazil s universal access to HIV treatment and drug price reductions have affordably treated large segments of that country s HIV-infected population. Several countries in Central America have large HIV-infected populations without access to care. This analysis examines the feasibility of applying Brazil s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4902)
Major C, Remis RS, Swantee C, Fearon M, Wu K, McGee F, Kort R, Bayoumi A, Rachlis A, Galli R, Harrigan PR, Read S;;; Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Toronto, Canada
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patterns of HIV drug resistance and patient outcomes after implementation of a Pilot HIV Genotyping Program. METHODS: In January 2000, HIV genotyping was made available to HIV infected patients with evidence of treatment failure. Eligibility included failure of current ART on 2 successive viral l
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeC4903)
Rely K;;; Institution, Mexico D.F., Mexico
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the potential direct cost of making triple combination antiretroviral therapy widely available to HIV-positive people in Mexico. BACKGROUND: In Mexico it is estimated that nearly 58.000 people living with HIV, most of whom have only limited access to any form of care. It is likely that those infe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeC4904)
Mallick PS, Yeasmin F;;; HIV/AIDS Research &Welfare Center, Bangladesh
BACKGROUND: The national Behavioral Surveillance on HIV/AIDS is being implemented for the 4th time in Bangladesh . IDU-Group is being considered since the beginning of the surveillance. This paper highlights the changes being observed in some key behavioral indicators over 2nd and 3rd round BSS among the IDUs both in C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4905)
Wiryokariyo MS;;; The Pelita Ilmu Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia
ISSUE: Support service to help the families accept the presence of People With HIV/AIDS (PWA). DESCRIPTION: Since 1994, The Pelita Ilmu Foundation has started to run a Community support center for PWA activities. One of the activities conducted in this center is support for PWA s families. To give support to the PWA an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4906)
Murry McBride V, Brody GH, McNair LD, Gerrard M, Gibbons FX;;; Center for Family Research, The University of Georgia, Athens, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS is disproportionately higher among African American [AA] adults and children in rural South compared with minority populations in other areas of the U.S. (CDC, 1999). Higher risk observed among rural AA may reflect their ecological context. Conditions of chronic environmental stress take a toll on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4907)
Rotheram-Borus MJ, Lee MB, Lester P, Lin YY;;; UCLA-Center for Community Health, Los Angeles, United States
Goal. The adjustment of adolescents whose parents are living with HIV was evaluated over 6 years, in comparison to a sample neighborhood of adolescents whose parents are living with cancer. METHOD. A representative sample of parents living with HIV (n=307) and their adolescent children (n=420) were randomly assigned to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4908)
Toussova OV;;; HIV Prevention Project, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND. The epidemics of HIV infection and intravenous drug abuse among young people of 15 - 25 years old go together in Russia and both of these diseases are new phenomena for Russian culture. More than 50% of drug users live with parents. It is difficult for elder generations to deal with for HIV and drug abuse i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4909)
Cahn R, Flighelman M, Estrada P, Vilanova C, Ameal F, Warth S, Pfortner S;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
ISSUES: DC presents its own characteristics and behavior patterns but they are rarely examined by the psychosocial research in the HIV field. DESCRIPTION: Sixty DC were voluntarily enrolled, and participants were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 members each. Each group was coordinated by a psychologist with > 5 yea
BACKGROUND: Most clients with HIV present to The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Uganda as individuals; counselors have little information on the HIV burden within client households. However, HIV infection among spouses, children, and other family members can have a profound impact on psychosocial health and abilit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4911)
DiIorio C, Denzmore P, Williams P, McCarty F, Wang QT, Qi J, Bedell R;;; Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, United States
ISSUES: HIV prevention programs for adolescents have demonstrated considerable success. However, these programs are generally limited in duration, cannot cover topics in depth, and do not always correspond to the adolescent s readiness to learn. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have begun to assess HIV educa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4912)
Mireles-Vieyra MP, Lopez-Aguilera ML;;; Profin VIH. A.C., Distrito Federal, Mexico
BACKGROUND: It is frequently taken as a fact that male homosexuality is related to a biologic alteration or by the subject s free will, in our experience none of the two options is accurate, because in most cases the male homosexual preference surges from sexual-erotic impositions occurred during infancy and intimately
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4913)
Tongoona L, Marindo R;;; University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
ISSUES: Traditionally, couples in Zimbabwe communicate about sex and sexuality through third parties like uncles and aunts. With the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic this has been seen as one of the barriers of negotiations for safer sex and adoption of protective behaviors by couples. Description and results: The Cente
OBJECTIVES: To Educate HIV infected People & their family know how to manage stresses through care give- volunteer. Problem DESCRIPTION: HIV infected patients were very often stigmitised and this a lot of fear and desperacy in their own families because they were unable to cope with stress. In such a way (PLHWAs) b
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4915)
Kerrigan D, Moreno L, Rosario S, Gomez B, Jerez H, van Dam J, Sweat M;;; Johns Hopkins SPH, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Despite interest in the potential efficacy of structural interventions to reduce HIV transmission, few studies have examined their impact on risk behavior and disease outcomes. While the Thai 100% condom intervention was reported to be highly effective, its applicability in other cultural settings had not b
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4916)
Gumayan MV, Doligosa lll JD, Zerrudo LM, Sale MC, Cataluna DP, Bambao AM, Buenjemia VB, Leysa GC, Murillo AH;;; Central Phil University, Iloilo City, Philippines
ISSUES: An enabling environment is needed in order for health intervention program to succeed among women in registered entertainments. DESCRIPTION: Kabalaka Reproductive Health Center of Central Philippine University did a four-year program for registered female sex workers in this city. The first two years focused on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4917)
Stewart R, Esu-Williams E, Pulerwitz J, Mgilane G;;; DRA-Development, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Research was conducted to identify HIV/AIDS and STI-related behaviors and health seeking preferences among male employees of ESKOM, the South African national power company, in order to assist in the planning of interventions focused on HIV/AIDS care, support and stigma-reduction. METHODS: Questionnaires we
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4918)
Monterroso EM;;; Pasca, Guatemala, Guatemala
ISSUES. Aids epidemic in central america still, excepting honduras and belize, concentrated in the most vulnerable groups though hiv incidence in the region increases rapidly. Equally important is the epidemic of denial, stigma and discrimination against the most vulnerable groups and plwhas from society which leads to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4919)
Aidala AA, Cross JE, Stall R, Sumartojo E, Ko P;;; Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: The co-occurence of HIV infection, risk, and homelessness is often observed. In the US at least 40% of persons living with HIV have had or will experience housing problems. This study examines the relationship between homelessness and HIV risk behaviors. METHODS: Researchers pooled interview data from 2650
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4920)
Solis MS, Monterroso EM;;; Pasca, Guatemala, Guatemala
ISSUES. Access to treatment in central america still is minimal, both at private and public levels. Governments do not respond effectively due to the magnitude of the epidemic and their low political will. Eventhough plwhas have become organized, they still need to become more empowered and to focus on specific issues
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4921)
Montano DE, Kasprzyk D, Phillips WR, Armstrong K;;; Battelle, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Primary care physicians are in a unique position to prevent HIV infection by assessing patient behavioral risk and by providing prevention advice. Little is known about the specific risk questions asked or the prevalence of these actions. This study measured primary care clinician provision of HIV risk asse
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4922)
Kasprzyk D, Montano DE, Phillips WR, Armstrong K;;; Battelle, CPHRE, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Primary care clinicians are in a unique position to reduce patient risk for HIV, yet few clinicians ask patients specific questions about their behavioral risk. This study was designed to measure primary care clinician provision of HIV risk assessment and to identify modifiable factors associated with this
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4923)
Lazzarini Z, Burris S, Bray S, Blankenship K, Case P;;; University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
BACKGROUND: Policy-makers in the United States use criminal law as a structural intervention to influence risk behavior by people with HIV. Most states have adopted new HIV-specific laws. All have criminal and/or public health laws that can be used to punish sexual, drug use or other behaviors that can transmit HIV. Ye
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4924)
Agbola FW, Damoense MY;;; Monash University-South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
Abstract South Africa has the highest level of new cases of HIV in the world. Following the dramatic turn of events in the spread of HIV in the late 1990s, the South African health sector has undergone major structural transformation. As part of these reforms, the access of poor people to essential health care has been
BACKGROUND: AIDS remains one of the most important problems in Thailand . To take care of these patients as a holistic, social support and self-care agency must be included in the plan of management. OBJECTIVE: To survey the prevalence of social support and self-care agency in HIV positive patients and to study the cor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4926)
Wang M;;; USIP, Harvard University, MPH, Philadelphia, United States
ISSUES: The rate of HIV infection in China has reached an epidemic level. This project offers a policy analysis of the HIV issue in China. DESCRIPTION: This project applies a multisectoral approach to analyzing the health policies in China based on the HIV prevention and intervention programs in Yunan Province. Our pol
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4928)
Laporte Y, Barnes V, Hicks E, Strydom J, Soubik J;;; Ogilvy, Washington DC, United States
ISSUES: The worldwide workplace is profoundly affected by HIV/AIDS. As treatment optimism flourishes, urgency surrounding the epidemic dissipates. However, the epidemic continues to grow, cutting across all populations and leaving many workplaces unprepared to appropriately address HIV issues. HIV/AIDS imposes new dema
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4929)
Mzezewa V, Makarawo G, Noko K, Rusakaniko S, Chingono A, Bassett MT, Latif AS;;; Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
Peer education has been employed widely as an intervention for HIV prevention. The study conducted by Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project (ZAPP) in 1994 to 1997 showed that peer education reduced HIV infection by 34%. Due to the success of this study, ZAPP implemented the research in 20 new factories in Harare from 1998 t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4930)
Rooyen KV;;; South African Police Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa
ISSUES: The establishing and maintaining of a support network for HIV-positive members of the South African Police Service (SAPS) in the Freestate. DESCRIPTION: The Freestate is one of the nine provinces of SAPS with 10 000 members. HIV/AIDS is a huge problem in the Freestate province. It impacted on the SAPS in the Fr
BACKGROUND: Despite training, education and awareness about HIV, some occupational exposure to HIV remains inevitable. Presenting here are salient features of occupational HIV exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis in an urban hospital in Mumbai, India . METHODS: 31 Health care workers (HCW) who had occupational ex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4932)
Barnes VA, Benson BJ;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
ISSUES: Growing complacency in business community re HIV prevention & need for HIV workplace policies. Most US businesses do not have HIV policies nor do they provide workers access to HIV prevention programs as part of general worker wellness activities. Many employers question need for such policies & program
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4933)
Mapalo RE, Castro AB;;; Trade Union Congress of the Philippines, Quezon, Philippines
ISSUES: Addressing the issue of HIV/AIDS prevention in the workplace is a constant challenge for trade unions. HIV/AIDS is a development issue that is truly a trade union concern and not merely a health consideration. DESCRIPTION: Being a pioneer in providing non-traditional trade union services to its members, the Tra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4934)
Arribas-Llorente JL, Hernandez-Navarrete MJ, Solano-Bernad VM, Montes-Villameriel FJ, Martin-Sanchez JI, Martinez-Sanchez EV;;; Preventive Medicine Department. Miguel Servet Hospital, zaragoza, Spain
BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCW) are at risk of occupational exposure of HBV, HCV, and HIV. Our objective is to describe the prevalence of the different positive sources and the probability that HCW knew this before the injury depending different variables METHODS: The study was conducted at a 1300-bed teaching ho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4935)
Rakickiene J, Barkovska T, Caplinskas S;;; Lithuanian AIDS Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
OBJECTIVE. To assess possibility of medical workers in Lithuania to acquire HIV basing on frequency and character of occupational injuries. Medical workers involved into invasive procedures were targeted. METHODS. Possibility to acquire HIV stays in close connection with occupational traumas. Anonymous survey and inter
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4936)
Uysingco PS, de Leon RP;;; TriDev Specialists Foundation, Inc., Paranaque City, Philippines
ISSUE: Truckers belong to an occupational group considered at risk to STD/HIV/AIDS. truckers are very mobile and has to endure prolonged separation from their families make them prone to risky practices and vulrnerable to HIV. Project: the project aimed to mobilize multi-sectoral participation and support among truckin
BACKGROUND: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can be significant drivers of economic growth, job creation and poverty alleviation. Little is known about the impacts of HIV/AIDS on SMEs in Africa. There is a critical need to collect information aimed at formulating policies and programmes to prevent and mitigate the i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4938)
Peres CA, Peres RA, da Silveira F, Paiva V, Hudes ES, Hearst N;;; Sao Paulo State STD/AIDS program, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: We investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AIDS among incarcerated male adolescents and their response to an AIDS prevention program. METHODS: A questionnaire administered to 275 boys in randomly selected units of the Sao Paulo State juvenile detention system (FEBEM) covered demographic a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4939)
Lew YK;;; Malaysian CARE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Issues - In Malaysia , statistics show that the rate of recidivism is high among HIV-positive discharged prisoners (HIVPDP). When released, most of their needs are never met. Many are drawn back to a lifestyle of crime or drug abuse not because they choose to but because circumstances and conditions outside their contr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4940)
Nikitina MA;;; AIDS infoshare, NGO, Moscow, Russian Federation
ISSUES: In 2001, Russia s vast penal system experienced a 10-40 fold increase in new cases of HIV infection. The Ministry of Justice s first reaction was to immediately isolate all HIV+ inmates. Leading Russian HIV/AIDS experts championed this decision as being the most logical and the most beneficial for HIV+ inmates.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4941)
Kelly KJ;;; Centre for AIDS Development, Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Grahamstown, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Very little is known about HIV/AIDS prevalence in South African prisons, and there has been little research on the responses of juvenile offenders to HIV/AIDS education efforts. However, policies and guidelines for education and prevention have been developed. The paper presents a review of responses by the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeD4942)
Tourinho DR, Dourado I;;; Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Salvador, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The prison population is at high risk for HIV infection due to risky sexual activities, drug use and the confinement situation. Reported data estimated prevalence rates between 12.5% and 17.4% for Brazilian prisons. The objective is to investigate the psychosocial, biological and cultural aspects of HIV/AID
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeD4943)
Vakalalabure J;;; Fiji Red Cross Society, Suva, Fiji
ISSUES: Abstract highlights how the Fiji Red Cross went through the process of developing the program into a highly security Government institution. It also highlights obstacles that were turned into opportunities. An area that needs to point out is how we analyses the inmates and prison guards responses to make positi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4944)
Lorenzetti DL;;; A.N.L.A.I.D.S., Rome, Italy
The project accomplished by the National Association for the Struggle against AIDS, in cooperation with the Assersorship for the Social Services of the Rome Province, has involved four big-size jails of Central Italy . The project s main task is to train specialized operators and send them to supply inmates with due in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4945)
Holtzman D, Mack K, Nakashima AK, Rubinson R;;; Centers for Disease Control &Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
BACKGROUND: Increasing the proportion of HIV-infected persons who know they are infected is important so they can benefit from treatment and prevent transmission to others. This study examines the prevalence of HIV testing among the general U.S. adult population, determines if testing rates have changed over time, and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4946)
Ompad DC, Strathdee SA, Kellam S, Latkin C, Celentano DD, Poduska J, Ialongo N;;; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
OBJECTIVE: To describe ethnic and gender differences in HIV testing among an epidemiologically defined cohort of urban, economically-disadvantaged young adults in Baltimore, Maryland. METHODS: Between 1985/86, two cohorts of first grade public school students were enrolled in a preventive intervention (N=2055). Partici
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4947)
Watindi HA, Mulure NA, Mulindi SO;;; Counselor, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUES: Medical pracititioners should be endowed with counseling skills in the HIV/ AIDS care and management. DESCRIPTION: A needs assesment survey done in three urban centers in Kenya , found that there was a need to promote counseling awareness among medical practitioners. A novel project involving 200 doctors and 10
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4948)
Magutu HM, Watindi HA;;; Clinical care, HIV/AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUES: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice for HIV/AIDS pre and posttest counseling for doctors in Kenya . DESCRIPTION: Doctors have been known to be very poor in breaking bad news, especially to patients with terminally ill conditions. In Kenya, HIV/AIDS is a leading course of morbidity and mortality with some public h
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4949)
Belza MJ, Castilla J, Marincovich B, del Romero J, Hernando V, Garcia S, Rodriguez C;;; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia (ISCIII) y Secretaria del Plan Nacional sobre Sida, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate an HIV prevention activity among discordant heterosexual couples, we compared sexual practices and condom use before and after intervention. METHODS: From 1987 onwards, an HIV prevention activity was carried out in a STD/HIV clinic of Madrid among discordant heterosexual couples. This a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4950)
Makarawo G, Kagoro S, Noko K, Mzezewa V, Latif A;;; Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project. University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Harare factory workers in the factory Workers AIDS Prevention Project (FWAPP)do not utilise VCT services provided to them for free. A study was carried out:1. to establish personal reasons that hinder the Harare Factory workers from taking an HIV test,2. to assess if there are environmental factors that neg
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4951)
Norman LR, Gebre Y;;; University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
BACKGROUND: Previous survey research has found a significant relationship between awareness of one s HIV serostatus and protective sexual behaviours. Considering that most HIV-infected persons in the world do not know their serostatus, it becomes crucial to promote HIV-testing. METHODS: A sample of 1100 students at the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4952)
Pessolo dos Santos FP, Artioli AM;;; Philosophy Science and Arts Faculty of Ribeirao Preto/ University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The individuals that are submetted to the test for HIV can suffer a series of emotional reactions demanding different cares and attention. The present study had as objective to verify the psychological alterations of a group of patients that were submitted to the exam anti-HIV, aiming to outline them in the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4953)
Royal SW, Bowen GS, Perrino T, Vargas L, Fernandez MI;;; RTI International, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Repeat HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM) has been associated with having more sexual partners, higher rates of unprotected sex, previous STDs and knowing someone with HIV infection. Investigating repeat testing without considering how routinely the tests were taken limits the interpretation of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4954)
Bowen GS, Royal SW, Perrino T, Vargas L, Fernandez MI;;; N. Broward Hospital District, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between HIV testing behavior and sexual risk perception along with physician recommendations for testing among a community sample of 1,052 Hispanic men in Miami and Miami Beach, FL, USA. In addition, we investigated the future testing intentions of the subset of men in o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4955)
Colon M, Sauseda W, Marconi KM, Schulhof RJ;;; HRSA, Rockville, United States
BACKGROUND: Promotores, or community health advisors, are used to outreach to Hispanic communities. Past studies have suggested the usefulness of Promotores in reaching and educating members of their communities, yet information regarding the effectiveness of Promotores in bringing community members, in particular rece
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4956)
Kamenga CM, Karita E, Ndoli C, Njamije D, Villalon C, Sahaha JB, Ngabonziza M, Ouattara R, Murray D;;; Family Health International, Arlington, United States
BACKGROUNG: It is thought that the model of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services integrated in health facilities would mostly attract symptomatic individuals but less likely to attract men and young people. To explore this issue, data from a free-standing VCT center (Centre Rwandais d Information sur le SIDA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4957)
Ko N, Chang R;;; School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: The technology using internet-mediated communication offers anonymity and massive information to the groups most affected by HIV. However, the function and efficacy of these electronic communications remain largely unexamined. A web-based HIV counseling billboard was created to provides on-line HIV counseli
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4958)
Sinclair MI, Bor R, Evans A, Levitt D, Singer C, Glass D, Johnson MA;;; Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To determine the sociodemographic profile, risk category, and prevalence of HIV infection amongst people attending a confidential clinic providing counselling, medical advice and results of HIV antibody testing on the same day of consultation. METHODS: Analysis of data collected on all 1749 individuals atte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4959)
Arthur GR, Ngatia G, Nduba V, Mutemi R, Forsythe S, Gilks CF;;; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Introduction: Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) has been shown to reduce risk behaviour in research settings in developing countries. This study assessed the impact of VCT in routine health centre services. METHODOLOGY: Same-day VCT services were introduced in one urban and two rural government health centres in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4960)
Glick NR, Silva A, Zun L, Charles D, Whitman S;;; Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Mount Sinai Hospital sits in the center of the HIV epidemic on the Westside of Chicago where AIDS incidence and HIV mortality rates are higher than the rest of Chicago. The hospital serves a largely Black and Hispanic population. We have continued to see people present with advanced AIDS who were previously
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4961)
Tshabalal M;;; HOPE worldwide, Gauteng, South Africa
ISSUES:- Voluntary counselling and testing radically increases the needs for counselling, support and care in the community. Existing support groups require rapid expansion and development. Support group co-ordinators require extensive training, staff development, and capacity building initiatives. DESCRIPTION:- The So
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4962)
Melis RD, Hawken MP, Ngombo DT, Mandaliya K, Nganga LW, Namwebya JH, Temmerman M;;; International Centre For Reproductive Health(ICRH), Ghent University, Mombasa, Kenya
BACKGROUND: Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) for HIV is an important prevention strategy. Improved testing technology allows on site same hour testing with whole finger-prick blood. This service has recently been integrated into health facilities in Kenya . We report here on the first 2964 clients. Setting: Momb
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4963)
Kawichai S, Celentano DD, Razak MH, Suriyanon V, Teokul W, Vongchak T, Kitisri C, Jittiwutikarn J;;; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Efficacy of HIV VCT is accepted and is available in all Thai hospitals and health centers, since 1992. Factors associated with VCT, its uptake and estimates of HIV incidence after VCT among IDUs are unknown. METHOD: Male IDUs admitted for opiate detoxification at Northern Drug Treatment Center (NTDC) from F
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4964)
Prybylski D;;; Population Services International/AIDSMark, Washington, United States
BACKGROUND: High-quality youth-focused confidential HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services are provided at Centre Dushishoze in Butare Rwanda . VCT is integrated with STI screening and reproductive health services in a multi-purpose youth center. Here we describe VCT client motivations and characteristics
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4965)
Inion I, Gaillard P, Mandaliya K, Fonck K, Mungalo A, Kenga W, Ngombo D, Musya P, Claeys P, Temmerman M;;; University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
ISSUES: To assess the interest for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) integrated in a public health setting, to describe characteristics of individuals requesting an HIV test and to evaluate determinants in the decision making process. DESCRIPTION: In 1998, two public health clinics in Mombasa, Kenya
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4966)
Bimbela JL, Jimenez JM, Lameiras M, Alfaro N, Failde JM, Diezma JC;;; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica, Granada, Spain
BACKGROUND: Spain is the European country with the highest number of infected with HIV. The heterosexual transmission has become the first way of transmission, specially among the youths. The aim of this work is to identify the variables that explain the systematic use of condom among Spanish young people between 14 an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4967)
Lima AL, Gasparini SM, Nascimento VL, Castro MP, Felipe YX, Varandas JI, Santos CP, Toufen C, Uip DE;;; Casa da AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The multidisciplinary conselling pre and post-test is executed by a team who answer to the demand of interested users in doing the anti-HIV examination. The users are divided in two categories: general group (GG) - people without a defined risk for infection of HIV and the contact group (CG) - with a real r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4968)
Mondini LG, Peixoto MF, Fonseca RC;;; Hospital Femina, Porto Alegre, Brazil
The prevalence, in Porto Alegre, of HIV infection in pregnant women is around 5%. The prevalence of pregnant women admitted for delivery without anti-HIV testing is 30%. It was necessary to offer an HIV rapid test at the maternity, as a part of a prevention program, to make possible the use of preventive therapy for th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4969)
Bueno SM, Gaio DS, Rigotti G, d'Avila S, Reginette C;;; Health State Secretariat, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Although the proved efficacy of the antiretroviral (ARV) agents in the reduction of mother to child HIV transmission (MTCT), one of the main obstacles to the use of this drugs in developing countries is the identification of HIV pregnant women. During 1999, even with a solid MTCT program in Rio Grande do Sul, only 50%
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4970)
Kumbi S, Bedri A, Abashawl A, Isehak A, Coberly JS, Ruff AJ;;; Addis Ababa University Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Feasible methods to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV now exist, but women must accept HIV testing before many of the interventions can be used. Although it is known that many pregnant women refuse HIV testing, the reasons why they refuse are not well understood. We examined women s willing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4971)
Bond VA, Ginwalla R, Chikwampu D, Ndubani P, Ayles H;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
BACKGROUND: Despite the promotion of VCT and the increasingly availability of some other interventions for PLWHA, HIV infection in Zambia remains powerfully stigmatised and associated with social and physical death. In the face of this, people often opt for ignoring and/or hiding HIV and safety in secrecy. Even once
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4972)
Chibwesha CJ, Gray G, McIntyre J, Jivkov B, Harwell JI, Cu-Uvin S;;; Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, United States
BACKGROUND: With prevalence rates approaching 30% in antenatal women, the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa continues to be among fastest growing epidemics. The emphasis is on prevention, with voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) forming a cornerstone of prevention programmes. Disclosure undoubtedly plays a pivo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4973)
Namwebya JH, McWilliam J, Sangiwa G;;; Family Health International, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUE: Voluntary counseling and testing has taken off in Kenya with most of the services integrated into Ministry of Health clinics or hospitals, rather than through stand-alone clinics. Integrated services are more sustainable and can be dispersed more widely throughout the country. The government is planning to set u
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4974)
Kibenge R, Wangalwa S, Mukasa R, Babirye E, Matovu J, Kalyesubula I;;; AIDS Information Center, Kampala, Uganda
Introduction: With prevention of mother to child HIV transmission now available there is critical need for integration of voluntary counseling and testing within the antenatal clinics. OBJECTIVE: To educate and counsel pregnant women about HIV, primary prevention and also prevention of mother to child transmission. MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4975)
Fawcett CA, Kelly KJ;;; Centre for AIDS Development, Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Grahamstown, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Counseling is integral to comprehensive HIV/AIDS response. In recognition of this an increasing number of Professional Nurses (PNs) are trained as counselors, for voluntary counseling and testing and psychosocial support. In one sense this is an extension of the role of the PN, but in practice it may be the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4976)
Hausler HP, Karpakis B, Naidoo P, Pronyk P, Campbell L, Colvin M, Sallet J, Sheard C, Masuku T, Simelela N, Godfrey-Faussett P;;; Chief Directorate: HIV/AIDS & Tubercuolosis, Department of Health and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND: An estimated 4.7 million South Africans are HIV-positive but only 10% know their HIV status. Until recently, most HIV testing was done for symptomatic clients in hospitals. The Department of Health in collaboration with the WHO/ UNAIDS ProTest Initiative established 4 TB/HIV Pilot Districts to increase acce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4977)
Brouard C, Gouezel P, Laporte A, Desenclos JC;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: Free and anonymous counselling and testing (FACT) is offered in France to persons at risk for HIV infection and represents 8% of annual nonblood donation tests (255,000) and 15% of HIV(+) tests (750). We describe the characteristics and reasons for testing of individuals who attend FACT sites. METHODS: A se
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4978)
Ampofo W, Aidoo S, Nuvor S, Nii-Trebi N, Essah K, Kumi J, Hayford A, Brako-Hiapah L, Ofori-Adjei D;;; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
ISSUE: The current national HIV prevalence in Ghana is described as 3% and much focus has been given to the issue of HIV/AIDS. However, misconceptions still abound and lack of accessible counseling and testing services for HIV mean most Ghanaians are unaware of their HIV status. Temporary urban and rural centers provid
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. TuPeD4979)
Chimzizi RB, Hargreaves NJ, Gausi F, Godfrey-Faussett P, Salaniponi FM, Mughogho O;;; Malawi National TB Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi
ISSUES: Few districts in Malawi have access to voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT) and models for scale-up are needed. This study determines the characteristics of clients accessing two different models of VCT services in Malawi. DESCRIPTION: Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi has a stand-alone VCT centre (the Mal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. TuPeD4980)
Biswas D, Gilada IS;;; Unison Medicare &Research Centre, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: Developing counseling and support services for PLWHAs has taken long after first HIV infections in India . Need for confidentiality was emphasised to prevent their medico-social discrimination. Family members often remain ignorant about HIV prevention. HIV epidemic s move in low-risk population resulting in
