Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1256)
Smith SM, Pentlicky S, Neuveut C, Marx P, Jeang KT;;; New Jersey Medical School-UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07102 USA, Newark, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV and SIV Tat are encoded by two exons. Aside from its obvious role in transcription, the contribution of Tat to HIV-disease has remained murky. METHODS: From wildtype SIVmac239 (SIVtat2ex), we constructed SIVtat1ex which was mutated (by insertion of stop codons) to encode only a one-exon Tat. 6 rhesus ma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1257)
McKnight A, Aubin KA, Dittmar MT, Marchant D, Reuter S, Schmitz C;;; UCL, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Certain human cell lines and primary macrophage cultures are restricted to infection by a primary isolate prCBL-23, of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) but not a lab adapted variant CBL-23. Early steps of the viral life cycle of prCBL-23, such as fusion at the plasma membrane and reverse transcri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1258)
Tuosto L, Marinari B, Andreotti M, Federico M, Piccolella E;;; Dept. Cell. and Devel. Biol., University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Although it is widely accepted that HIV-1 Nef protein interfers with T cell receptor machinery, less is known about its effects on the first events regulating T cell activation such as the organisation of the immunological synapses. We hypothesised that Nef could firstly interact with the specialised membra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1259)
Wainberg MA, Kameoka M, Liang C, Guo X;;; McGill University AIDS Centre, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND. We previously demonstrated that wild-type Tat can augment viral infectivity by suppressing the reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction at late stages of the viral life cycle to prevent the premature synthesis of potentially deletirious viral DNA products. METHODS. We have performed a detailed analysis of the ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1260)
Sherman MP, Neidleman JA, Mundt P, Williams SA, de Noronha CM, Grant R, Kreis C, Warmerdam M, Kahn J, Hecht R, Greene WC;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology &Immunology, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr enhances HIV replication in macrophages and, when over-expressed in cultured primate cell lines, induces G2 cell cycle arrest. While it is hypothesized that arrest enhances viral replication, the demonstration of such cell cycle perturbation in the absence of Vpr overexpressi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1261)
Bukrinskaya AG, Stevenson M;;; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 particle assembly is directed by the GAG proteins which are initially synthesized as a polyprotein p55 which is cleaved by virus-encoded protease to produce mature GAG proteins. Dramatic morphological changes occur inside the released virions which lead to the appearance of a cone-shaped capsid. Altho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1344)
Nobile M, Aschwanden E, Spasojevic M, Rizzardi GP, Khonkarly M, Pantaleo G;;; Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the functional and the quantitative defects of CD4 T cells with HIV-1 infection. At the present, limited information is available on the pattern of expression of genes involved in cell activation and in cell cycle. The cDNA expression array represents a compr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1345)
Sousa AE, Carneiro J, Grossman Z, Victorino R;;; Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: The causal relationships among CD4 cell depletion, HIV replication and immune activation are not well understood. HIV-2 infection, nature s experiment with inherently attenuated HIV disease, provides additional insights into this issue. METHODS AND RESULTS: We stratified and paired groups of HIV-1 and HIV-2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1346)
Diab BY, Breton G, Younes S, Bernard N, MacDonald K, Legault M, Routy JP, Sekaly RP;;; Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection is marked by a gradual decline in the number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes in general and a specific failure to develop functional HIV-1-specific T helper cells in the majority of chronically infected individuals. The major goal of this work was to characterize the presence of HIV-specific
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1347)
Rullas J, Pedraza MA, Martin-Serrano J, Beltran M, Alcami J;;; Aids Immunopathogenesis Unit. Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
BACKGROUND: The study of the mechanisms leading to HIV persistence and reactivation represent a major issue in understanding HIV pathogenesis. We have developed an efficient system that allow transfection of a full length HIV provirus in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. In this model we have addressed the role of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1348)
Muthukumar A, Wozniakowski A, Matthews C, Douek DC, Johnson RP, McClure HM, Koup RA, Sodora DL;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas -75390-9113, United States
BACKGROUND: CD4+ T cell depletion is a hallmark of HIV/SIV infection. The thymus is responsible for de novo production of T lymphocytes, and therefore is important for T cell renewal. HIV infection in humans, as well as SIV infection of macaques, results in thymic atrophy, reflecting a possible decrease in T cell produ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1349)
Thiebot H, Vaslin B, de Revel T, Derdouch S, Gras G, Bertho JM, Louache F, Vainchenker W, Dormont D, Grand RL;;; Service de Neurovirologie, France, France
BACKGROUND: To evaluate, in macaque models of AIDS, the impact of infection on bone marrow hematopoiesis. METHODS: Cynomolgus macaques have been inoculated with 50 MID50 of a SIVmac251 primary isolate or the SHIV89.P chimera which expresses the env gene of the primary HIV-1 89.6 isolate in a SIVmac239 background. Durin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1262)
Martinez E, Podzamczer D, Ribera E, Domingo P, Knobel H, Dalmau D, Riera M, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Responding patients on a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing highly active antiretroviral regimen (HAART) may have their therapy simplified by switching from PI to either NEV, EFA, or ABA. So far, head-to-head comparisons between these three drugs have not been reported. METHODS: Adult patients on at least o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrB1263)
O'Brien WA, Rojo D, Acosta E, Felizarta F, Pearce D, Jayaweera DT, Visnegarwala F;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Ritonavir (RTV) enhances saquinavir (SQV) exposure via inhibition of SQV hepatic metabolism. Durable viral load (VL) suppression has been demonstrated with SQV 400 mg/RTV 400 mg BID, but this regimen can be associated with hyperlipidemia as well as frequ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1264)
Bossi P, Peytavin G, Delaugerre C, David DJ, Ktorza N, Bonmarchand M, Mohand HA, Lamotte C, Cacace R, Simon A, Calvez V, Bricaire F, Costagliola D, Katlama C;;; Dpt of Infectious Diseases-Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the benefit of PDM in association with GRT to optimize therapy in pts failing antiretroviral treatments (ART). METHODS: In a single center, Pts with HIV-1 RNA>1000 cp/ml and stable ART in the last 3 mths were randomized in 2 groups: genotypic group (G) and geno-pharmacologic group (GP). Pts were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1265)
Cahn P, Dragsted UB, Pedersen C, Peters B, Duran A, Obel N, Gatell JM, Leen C, Lunzen JV, Stoehr A, Lederman J, Lundgren JD;;; Fundacion HUESPED, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: This trial is the first head-to-head comparison of ritonavir (r)-boosted PI treatments (tx). The objectives of the trial were to compare virological outcome between the study arms including the proportion of patients with HIV-RNA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1266)
Pozniak AL, Plettenberg A, Rozenbaum W, Sonnerborg A, Molina JM, Gatell J, Chen SS, Kearney BP, Miller MD, Coakley DF, Cheng A;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir DF (TDF) is a single tablet, once daily nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor with potent activity against wild-type and nucleoside resistant HIV. METHODS: Multi-center, international, double blind, randomized study of 550 treatment experienced patients with HIV RNA between 400 and 10,000 cop
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1303)
Reuter H, Kasper T, Poole C, Skefile V, Goemaere E;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In May 2001, Medecins Sans Frontieres began an antiretroviral therapy project in three government-run primary health care centers in Khayelitsha, a poor township of Cape Town, South Africa . Concerns that the population served (primarily poor, sick [median CD4 cell count at baseline of 48] African women, ma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrB1304)
Cote HC, Yip B, Chan JW, Brumme ZL, Hogg RS, Harrigan PR, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner J;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St.Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Stavudine ( d4T ) use has been associated with mitochondrial toxicity and hyperlactatemia. This has been correlated with depletion of peripheral blood cell mtDNA (Cote et al, NEJM, 2002). We investigate here the relative mt/nDNA ratios in relation to vario
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1305)
de Ronde A, van Gemen B, Casula M, Timmermans E, van Dooren M, Westrop M, Dobbelaer I, Bakker M, Weverling GJ, Lange J, Goudsmit J, Reiss P;;; PrimaGen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND. Several of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy may result from inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma by nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTI s). Markers to measure mitochondrial toxicity in well accessible cells of the body like blood would be useful. OBJECTIVE. To
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1306)
Murphy RL, Katlama C, Weverling GJ, Hoff F, Berzins B, Gatell J, Horban A, van Eeden A, Antunes F, Staszewski S, Clotet B, Bijleveld E;;; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: FRAMS aims to assess whether differences in metabolic parameters and body habitus can be detected in patients (pts) treated with a nucleoside-reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-NRTI or protease inhibitor-based regimen. METHODS: The Atlantic Study is an ongoing prospective, randomized, international
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1307)
Barbaro G, Lorenzo GD, Giancaspro G, Pellicelli AM, Grisorio B, Barbarini G;;; Dept.Emergency Medicine,University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly antiretroviral therapy(HAART)has risulted in a decrease of opportunistic infections in HIV disease and longer surviaval rate. However, although limited to case reports,early data raised concerns about HAART regimens including protease inhibitors (PIs)being associated with incre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1338)
Levasseur PJ, Eustace DW, McCarty JM, Burg JL;;; bioMerieux, Inc., Rockland, United States
BACKGROUND: The VIDAS PROBE qHIV test is currently under development for determining HIV-1 viral loads. As this test has been anchored to the VQA subtype B standard, the purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, reproducibility and quantitative accuracy of HIV-1 non-B subtypes. METHODS: Nineteen HIV-1 cul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1339)
Chaowanachan T, Chokephaibulkit K, Chotpitayasunondh T, Wasinrapee P, Teeraratkul A, Jetsawang B, Neeyapun K, Simonds RJ, Young NL;;; Thai MOPH-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: To validate the use of field-site collected filter paper dried blood spot (DBS) samples for HIV-1 diagnosis and viral load (VL) monitoring of infants born to HIV-infected women in Thailand , where subtype E predominates. METHODS: 442 paired DBS and whole blood samples in EDTA (blood) were collected from 2-m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1340)
Schupbach J, ni J, Tomasik Z, Bisset L, Fischer M, nthard H, Ledergerber B, Opravil M;;; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, Zurich, Switzerland
BACKGROUND. Quantification of HIV-1 RNA by RT-PCR is widely used for evaluating antiretroviral therapies, but not affordable in resource-poor settings. We here assess a possible inexpensive alternative, a modified p24 antigen test, in patients receiving successful long-term antiretroviral therapy. METHODS. HIV-1 RNA an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1341)
Respess R, Cachafeiro A, Withum D, Fiscus S, Newman D, Cabruja I, Branson B, Varnier O, Dondero T;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: The measurement of RNA viral load (VL) is useful for the clinical management of HIV infection. Commercially available VL quantitation methods are based on expensive nucleic acid-based amplification approaches requiring skilled technicians, specialized equipment, and dedicated facilities, making their use pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1342)
Diagbouga S, Chazallon C, Kazatchkine MD, Van de Perre P, Inwoley A, M'boup S, David MP, Tioro A, Soudre R, Aboulker JP, Weiss L;;; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
An international multicentric study was set to implement and validate a method (DynabeadsR), alternative to high-tech reference method (flow cytometry, FC) for measuring CD4 cell counts. This alternative method is based on CD4 T cell isolation using anti-CD4 mAB-coated magnetic beads. METHODS: 657 pairs of values of CD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1343)
Rodriguez WR, Christodoulides N, Ali M, Rodriguez M, Floriano P, Bono N, Walker BD, McDevitt JT;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Although the costs of HIV drugs have been reduced in parts of the developing world, the costs of HIV laboratory tests remain high, and make the establishment of treatment programs problematic. Affordable HIV diagnostics that could be performed at regional and local health centers in developing countries are
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1267)
Pappas G, Niambele I, Ryan C, Bougoudogo F, Baganizi E, Bicego G, Aboulafia CC, Sharman A, Ayad M;;; ORC Macro, Calverton, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: National population-based surveys provide an opportunity for improved information on the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries. Over the past decade the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) began supplying national population-based estimates of levels of knowledge and attitudes related to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1268)
Sedyaningsih-Marnahil E, Lazzari S, Schinaia N, Dhingran N, Vercauteren G, Noel L, Emmanuel J, Lloyd S;;; CDS/WHO, Geneve, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to update most recent figures and trends of HIV prevalence among blood donors worldwide, and to assess its impact on general HIV surveillance activities. METHODS: Source of data were the Global Blood Safety Initiative Database (primarily) and the US Bureau of Census HIV Surveil
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1269)
Kirungi WL, Musinguzi JB, Opio A, Madraa E;;; STD/AIDS Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveillanceof in Uganda has shown consistent decline in HIV prevalence among antenatal and STD clients at sentinel sites. This is corroborated by parallel changes in sexual behaviour. METHODS: Analysis of annual HIV prevalence data of 250-300 clients from each of 20 sentinel sites (1989-200
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1270)
Woelk GB, Kasprzyk D, Montano DE, Mutsindiri R, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial NI;;; Department of Community Medicine, Medical School, Universtiy of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: A comprehensive national survey of risk behaviors and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural Growth Point Villages in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international trial in 5 countries. The trial will use the Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention to prevent STD/HIV. To establish risk prior to the Trial
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1271)
Hor LB, Seng WS, Saidel T, Steen R, Ly SP, Seng S, Htun Y, Stuer F, Natpratan C, Dallabetta G;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
BACKGROUND: To determine the impact of HIV prevention efforts on the prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in key risk populations in Cambodia . METHODS: A self-weighted cluster sampling design was used to select representative population-based samples of brothel-based sex workers (n=141), police
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1272)
Moses S, Ngugi EN, Costigan A, Kariuki C, Plummer FA;;; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, WInnipeg, Canada
BACKGROUND: An HIV/STD surveillance program was established in 3 health centres to monitor the impact of an intervention program in the clinics and their catchment areas consisting of: 1) improved primary level STD services; and 2) community HIV/STD prevention programs for female sex workers. METHODS: Eight survey roun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1308)
Karon J, Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R, Song R;;; Division of HIV/AIDS, Surveillance &Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
BACKGROUND: Development of the detuned assay has led the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to consider new approaches for estimating HIV incidence in the United States from new HIV diagnoses reported to HIV surveillance. METHODS: Two statistical models have been developed to account for the fact that indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1309)
Grassly NC, Garnett GP, AIDS Epidemiology Reference Group UN;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The country-specific estimates of HIV-1 prevalence and AIDS mortality produced by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) are widely used for both planning and advocacy purposes. To date, UNAIDS have used a simple curve fitting procedure, based on a gamma distribution of HIV incidence. How
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1310)
Auvert B, Ferry B;;; Inserm U88, Saint Maurice, France
Backgrounds: The rate of spread of HIV is heterogeneous in sub-Sahran Africa. HIV prevalence among the general population varies from less than 2% to more than 30%. This heterogeneity is not yet understood. The multicenter study carried out in four African cities has provided new epidemiological information. The object
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1311)
Van der Veen FH, Forster N;;; Family Health International, Windhoek, Namibia
BACKGROUND: Namibia established in 1992 a surveillance system for HIV and AIDS, including HIV sentinel sero-surveys, case reporting of HIV positive diagnosis, hospitalizations and death from AIDS. Reporting is entirely integrated into the Health Information System (HIS). To model the impact of HIV on demographic indica
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1312)
Corbett EL, Currie C, Churchyard GJ, Williams BG;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has greatly worsened TB control in Africa. Gold miners are a closely studied population in whom new control strategies are being considered. METHODS: We adapted existing mathematical models of TB, and simulated an HIV epidemic to fit data on time trends of TB incidence and prevalence in HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1313)
Gaillard EM, Moteetee MM, Jaase N, Khobotle M, Stover J, Bollinger L;;; The Futures Group International, Port-o-Prince, Haiti
BACKGROUND: The Government of Lesotho initial estimates indicated that a National AIDS Strategic Budget of $1 billion, spread over three years (2001-2003), would be required to reduce the spread of HIV. In order to evaluate if this budget accurately reflected the country s needs and capacity, the Goals model was applie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1374)
Hladik W, Dollard S, Downing R, Nzaro E, Kataaha P, Banage F, Ransom R, Karon J, Pellett P, Dondero T, Lackritz E, Mermin J;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma, the most frequent malignancy in AIDS patients, is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). It is unknown if HHV8 can be transmitted by blood transfusion; worldwide, blood donations are not screened for HHV8. We evaluated the risk of HHV8 transmission by transfusion in a hospital in Kampala,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1375)
Kublin JG, Jere CS, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Chimbiya N, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME;;; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV infection increases malaria parasitemia and incidence of malarial fevers, and in one case-control study the mean HIV-1 viral load was higher in adults with malaria than in others. To assess the impact of malaria on HIV infection, we conducted a prospective cohort study in rural Malawi . METHO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1376)
Kallestrup P, Gomo E, Zinyama R, Pedersen BK, Vennervald BJ, Butterworth AE, Ullum H;;; Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
BACKGROUND: One objective of our ongoing study Influence of Schistosomiasis Infection on Viral Replication, Disease Progression and Immune Activation in HIV+ Individuals is to describe the interaction between immune function as expressed by CD4 count and S. haematobium (Sh) egg excretion in co-infected and HIV- control
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1377)
Takeda CF, Cartaxo LA, Ponte GA, Sa AP, Mesquita JR, Oliveira RP Jr.;;; Hospital Sao Jose de Doencas Infecciosas/ Secretaria de Saude do Estado do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a worldwide disseminated protozoal infection, endemic in Brazil , associated with considerable morbidity. For the last twenty years it has been reported as a common complication of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mainly in the Mediterranean area. The
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1378)
Brust D, Jagannatha S, Herpin B, Miller K, Metcalf J, Lau D, Alter H, Lane HC, Falloon J, Fauci A;;; NIH, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: Two recent studies reported that HGV infection improved the outcome of HIV disease; however, neither study evaluated baseline HIV viral load, a known predictor of outcome. To address this issue, we analyzed the impact of HGV infection on survival in a cohort originally enrolled in an HIV treatment protocol
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1379)
Marine Barjoan E, Bongain A, Berrebi A, Haas H, Tricoire J, Monpoux F, Laffont C, Izopet J, Tran A, Pradier C;;; Federation des Maladies Transmissibles. CHU Nice, Nice, France
BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child HCV transmission is the most important mode of infection among children. It is essential to know the factors involved in the transmission in order to implement preventive measures to reduce the risk of contamination for children. METHODS: Multicenter study in Southern France (A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1273)
Mohammed MU;;; S.V.University, Dept. of Population Studies, Tirupati - Andhra Pradesh, India
India has the largest number of street children in the age group of 8-18 years. They are exposed to all kinds of risky social environment. They are prone to drinking alcohol, smoking, begging, pick-pocketing and many other similar vices. A vast majority of the street children indulge in sex at a very young age (after
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1274)
Kay CM, Mellanby AR, Hinde J, Rees JB, Hull T, Tripp JH;;; University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
Concern in the UK that sexually transmitted infections amongst the young are continuing to rise and that the teenage pregnancy rate is the highest in Europe has been highlighted by The National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV. Although the need to deal with these issues is recognised, the methodology for achieving t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1275)
Stewart H, McCauley A, Baker S, Givaudan M, James S, Leenen I, Pick S, Reddy P, Rewthong U, Rumakon P, Walker D;;; Population Council/Horizons, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: In Mexico and Thailand , local organizations and educators designed school programs to include elements from programs found to successfully change students behavior elsewhere, such as interactive teaching methods and the provision of accurate sexual information. METHODS: About 1880 students at 4 secondary s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1276)
Sikkema KJ, Hoffmann RG, Brondino MJ, Anderson ES, Felton CG, Roffman RA, Kelly JA, Winett RA, Heckman TG, Solomon LJ, Somlai AM;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
BACKGROUND: A randomized, multisite community-level trial was undertaken with ethnically-diverse adolescents living in low-income housing in the U.S. METHODS: Developments were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 1) a multi-component community intervention of skills training plus social/peer norm change to re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1277)
Cleophas-Frisch B, Obasi A, Mshana G, Wamoyi J, Plummer M, Rwakatare M, Ross D, Grosskurth H, Gavyole A;;; African Medical and Research Foundation -- (AMREF) Mwanza, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Attitudes of health workers (HW) may have contributed to poor uptake of reproductive health services among young people. Health workers from 18 government health units (HU) were trained in March 1999 and June 2000 to provide integrated, youth-friendly reproductive health services as a part of a broader adol
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrD1278)
Diez E, Fernandez S, Riera C, Soria M, Villamarin F, Juarez O, Cobo E;;; Institut Municipal de Salut Publica, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Parlem Clar is an HIV & pregnancy prevention program for high school youth (17 y). It promotes condom use among students who have sex and access to condoms. It is peer delivered. It was developed in 2000, based on Intervention Mapping methods, identifiing personal and environment determinants and exclus
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1297)
Chang ML, Madrid MY, Widdus R, Ghys P, Walker N, Esparza J;;; WHO-UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Once an HIV preventive vaccine is discovered it should be used without delay. Thus, it is important to identify policy issues which might guide the introduction and use, and to estimate needs and delivery capacity for future vaccines. METHODS: Information was obtained from regional workshops (Latin America
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1298)
Hudgens MG, Hoering A, Self SG;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Given that first generation HIV vaccines are not likely to provide complete protection from HIV--1 infection, it is important to assess a vaccine s effect on disease progression in an efficacy trial. Viral load in HIV--infected individuals correlates with disease progression and onset of AIDS in a natural h
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1299)
Harro C, Judson F, Brown S, Coutinho R, Popovic V, Gurwith M; Johns Hopkins Center for Immunization Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Efficacy trials of HIV vaccines face unique challenges: recruitment and retention of large at-risk cohorts, and potential trial-related social harms due to discrimination or lack of opportunities. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-year study to evaluate efficacy of the bivalent rgp1
BACKGROUND: The world s first phase III HIV vaccine trial (bivalent B[MN]/E[A244] rgp120; AIDSVAX®B/E, VaxGen , Inc., USA) in a developing country is taking place in Thailand among IDUs followed throughout 17 Bangkok Metropolitan Administration drug treatment clinics. METHODS: Consenting HIV-seronegative IDUs were r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1301)
Suraratdecha C, Ainsworth M, Tangcharoensathien V;;; Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Sex workers (SW) and intravenous drug users (IDU) are at extremely high risk of HIV infection in Thailand . Whether an AIDS vaccine that reduces the risk of infection would bring substantial private benefits to high-risk groups (HRG) and indirectly reduce the spread of HIV depends critically on their perspe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1302)
Isbell MT, Widdus R, Williams L, Gold D;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York NY, United States
ISSUE: A generation or more is currently required before new vaccines receive extensive use in the world s poorest countries, even though these products could prevent substantial morbidity and mortality. To reduce the likelihood that such a situation will occur with respect to HIV/AIDS vaccines, IAVI released at the Du
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1314)
Herold B, Bello I, Marcellino M, Dzeuzelewski M, Cheshenko N, Francois F, Casullo VM, Anderson R, Chany C, Zaneveld LJ, Waller DP, Klotman ME;;; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Although renewed efforts in vaccine development have provided valuable insight, a protective vaccine may not be available in the near future. Topical microbicides that block the establishment of infection at the mucosal surface provide an additional method of intervention that can be initiated by the indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1315)
Fabio SD, Roey JV, Giannini G, Van den Mooter G, Penta CL, Spada M, Binelli A, Germinario E, Belardelli F, Proietti E, de Bethune MP, Vella S;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: The identification of anti-HIV drug as topical microbicides to prevent virus transmission between sexual partners is a priority for controlling the spread of AIDS in both developed and developing countries. We report the successful prevention of vaginal transmission of HIV throug the application of a gel fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1316)
Coetzee N, Hoosen A, Blanchard K, de Kock A, Sebola M, Friedland B, Ellertson C, Nkompela B, Altini L, Ndlovu G, Tweedy K;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Carraguard®, a 3% carrageenan gel, is a promising candidate microbicide based on results from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and Phase I clinical safety studies. METHODS: 400 healthy HIV negative women from the general population were enrolled, 200 each in two sites, Gugulethu and Ga-Rankuwa,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1317)
Low-Beer N, Jespers V, McCormack S, Gabe R, Nunn A, Chapman A, Damme LV, Lacey CJ;;; Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Dextrin sulphate gel (DS) is a candidate vaginal microbicide against HIV-1. Data are presented from a safety study of DS vaginal gel in 80 sexually active HIV -ve and 20 HIV +ve women in London, UK and Antwerp, Belgium . METHODS: In part A, 50 HIV -ve women were double-blind randomised to receive 0% (n=10),
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1318)
Kilmarx PH, Supawitkul S, Yanpaisarn S, Jones H, van de Wijgert J, Young NL, Srivirojana N, Guest P;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Assessing the effect of vaginal microbicides on RTIs other than HIV is a critical aspect of the clinical evaluation of these products. METHODS: Use of a 3% carrageenan gel (Carraguard[TM]) was compared with use of a 2.5% methyl-cellulose placebo gel in a year-long, randomized, triple-blinded study among 165
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1319)
Foss AM, Vickerman P, Heise L, Watts C;;; London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND Currently there are six microbicide candidates nearing phase III trials. There are concerns, however, that the introduction of microbicides might lead to women using condoms less consistently (condom migration). This study estimates the level of condom migration that could occur following microbicide introdu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1350)
Darbes LA, Kennedy GE, Peersman G, Zohrabyan L, Rutherford GW;;; Univeristy of California, AIDS Research Institute, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown a substantial increase in HIV infections among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. We conducted a systematic review of HIV prevention interventions in U.S. minority populations and a meta-analysis of a subset of trials that addressed the issue of heterosexual risk among African Am
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1351)
Peersman G, Reed K, Rugg D;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Several literature reviews of evaluation research have been conducted, but few have focused on the effectiveness of HIV prevention in low-income countries. The CDC/Global AIDS Program is undertaking a systematic effort to identify and integrate the findings from evaluation studies conducted in low-income co
BACKGROUND: Rapid assessment (RA) methods have the potential to generate important public health data. This potential is the subject of debate within the substance use and HIV prevention field, with the approach attracting attention as a means of profiling drug-related problems, mobilising HIV prevention efforts, initi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1353)
Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Jama PN, Levin JB;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: HIV preventive interventions are increasingly focusing on gender dynamics in relationships, creating new demands to develop measures for evaluation tools. Pulerwitz et al (2000) developed a 23-item Sexual Relationship Power Scale (sub-scales: relationship control and decision-making dominance) in the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1354)
Friedland B, McGrory CE, Magwaza S, Marumo M, de Kock A, Sebola MH, Coetzee N;;; Population Council, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Ensuring informed consent and voluntary participation in research is challenging, particularly when conducting complex trials in vulnerable populations. To address this, the informed consent form and procedures were evaluated before, during, and after a Phase II expanded safety trial of the potential microb
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1355)
Sivaram S, Srikrishnan AK, Murgavel KG, Balakrishnan K, Mayer KH, Celentano DD, Solomon S, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial US;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND. Assessing the burden of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a community is an key step in any community-based effort to prevent the spread of HIV. However, the challenge is to conduct assessment while protecting the human rights of the participants and providing follow-up care in the event a per
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1279)
Jenkins C, Rahman H, Jana S;;; USAID, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh , the status of women in society is very low and many are subject to violence. Violence perpetrated against female sex workers by police and thugs known as mastans is widespread. Both behavioral surveillance and project monitoring has revealed high levels of violence against female sex workers
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1280)
Jansen HA, Watts C, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Garcia-Moreno C;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of reliable information, particularly from developing countries, on the revalence of different forms of violence against women (VAW). The WHO multi-country study has been conducted in 8 culturally diverse countries ( Bangladesh , Brazil , Japa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1281)
Wood K, Jama N, Jewkes R, Nduna M, Levin J;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: Gang rape is a form of sexual violence which carries substantial risk of HIV transmission as sex is unprotected, multiple men are involved and women are often injured. One third of rapes reported to the police in South Africa involve more than one man. This paper describes research findings relating to th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1282)
Plummer ML, Wight D, Wamoyi J, Mshana G, Ross D, Salamba Z;;; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: There is a need to collect accurate data on unwanted sex in a rural African context, to better understand how it may contribute to HIV transmission. METHODS: The paper draws on data from: a self-completion questionnaire with 6,077 primary school adolescents; 72 in-depth interviews with HIV+, pregnant or ran
BACKGROUND: The importance of gender constructions in the shaping of sexual health problems is well documented. In a study on gender, an analysis of masculinity constructions was carried out. METHODS: An ethnographic study was conducted in 5 contexts: Lima/working and middle class, fishermen in the Northern coast, peas
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1284)
Go VF, Sethulakshmi CJ, Bentley ME, Sivaram S, Srikrishnan AK, Celentano DD, Solomon S;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: We examined how marital gender norms and power dynamics affect women s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Chennai slum communities. METHODS: As part of a multi-site international behavioral HIV intervention trial, in-depth interviews with men and women (20 each) and focus groups of men and women (7 groups each) w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1320)
Reynolds A;;; HIV and HCV in Prison Committee, San Francisco, CA, United States
ISSUES: The United States has the world s second largest prison system with over 2 million men and women incarcerated and an additional 4.3 million people in jail or on probation or parole. Although HIV and HCV rates are 8 to 10 times higher in prison than in the general public, there has been no effort to implement ha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1321)
Seal DW, Margolis AD, Binson D, Morrow KM, Eldridge GD, Kacanek D, Belcher L, Sosman JM; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV/STD/hepatitis transmission among incarcerated men has been documented. Yet, little research has assessed in-prison risk behavior. METHOD: A longitudinal study of HIV/STD/hepatitis risk behavior among 80 men (ages 18-29) released from prison in 4 U.S. states included open-ended questions about their know
ISSUES: Following a national survey of HIV seroprevalance and risk behaviours in Zambian prisons, 27% of inmates were HIV positive while risk behaviours included sex between men, tattooing, injecting drug use and sharing of shaving appliances. No condoms were available in prisons and measures for harm reduction were ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1323)
Paul C, Gupta SD, Sharma S, Deb M;;; Tribal Development Society, Tirukalukundram, India
BACKGROUND: HIV has consistently been higher among prisoners than general public. Injecting drug use is the main route for HIV infection in the prisons, The aim of this study is to determine the awareness, risk perception and risk taking behaviour of prisoners who use drugs and to implement effective health education p
BACKGROUND: Injecting drug users (IDUs) internationally are vastly over-represented in correctional institutions. The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus is a significant concern in Australian correctional systems. Previously, examination of how the risk for blood borne virus (BBV) transmission and other drug use risk
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1325)
Saad AC, Dantas R, Poubel L, Carvalho ML, Quitete B, Veiga LP, Fialho J, Biondi EJ;;; Desipe, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Penitentiary System of Rio de Janeiro has an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) for most medical specialties. After treating Penitentiary Workers for more than 4 years we realized there was a specific demanding for this population which was stress management and substance abuse problems. METHODS: In Janu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1356)
Fuller CM, Borrell LN, Galea S, Vlahov D;;; Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: To determine the extent to which individual-level factors (race, social network, injection risks) and contextual-level factors (neighborhood racial composition, poverty, education levels) contribute to adolescent initiation of injection drug use (?21 yrs of age) in a population of injection drug users (IDUs
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1357)
Slavin S;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: Considerable interest has emerged in Western countries in recent years in cultures of injecting drug use. Social researchers increasingly employ ethnographic methods and anthropological analyses to investigate and interpret these cultures in order to identify risk practices and the reasons for them. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrE1358)
Jarlais DC, Downing M, Vernon K, Riess TH, Mulia N, McKnight C, Edlin BR;;; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Interventions such as syringe exchange and methadone maintenance have been shown to be highly effective in reducing HIV transmission among injecting drug users (IDUs). Despite this evidence, there is continuing opposition to implementation of these programs in many countries throughout the world, including
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1359)
Zafar ST, Brahmbhatt H, ul Hassan S, Strathdee SA;;; Nai Zindagi, Islamabad, Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Situated on the Pakistan-Afghan border, Quetta is home to a growing number of Afghan refugees. Data on drug use behaviors in the region are sparse. We described HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among Pakistani and Afghan heroin users accessing services provided by Nai Zindagi, a non-profit organization assi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1360)
Inchaurraga S, Hurtado G, Escudero M, Trincheri N, Rossi M, Rossi M, Quevedo S;;; Argentinean Harm Reduction Association - Asociacion de Reduccion de Danos de la Argentina (ARDA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ISSUE: It is strong link between poverty in urban population areas known as shantytowns and growing of drug selling, distribution and use of drugs in Argentina . Social and health harms related to drugs seems to be increasing, specially on intravenous drug users (IDU) and disadvantaged populations. In this sector the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1361)
Dao Quang Vinh V;;; National AIDS Standing Bureau of Vietnam (NASB), Hanoi, Vietnam
BACKGROUND: Now Vietnam estimates 185,000 DUs and reports 50,000 HIV cases. 66% of the infected are IDUs. The HIV epidemic is associated with unsafe drug injection, which is highlighted by 50% to 90% IDUs sharing syringes/needles (SNs). Why do IDUs share SNs? No information is documented in the country. This study is t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1285)
Supawitkul S, Yanai H, Yoshiyama T, Nedsuwan S;;; Chiang Rai Provincial Health Office, Chiang Rai, Thailand
ISSUES: Dual TB/HIV epidemic increases the problem-complexity and the care-burden. It is essential to develop the appropriate public health strategy to contain the epidemic. DESCRIPTION: Chiang Rai, the northernmost province of Thailand , confronted the explosive HIV spread since the early 1990s. At the end of year 200
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrF1286)
Fernandes ME, Lamptey P, Costa Filho(in memorium) DC, Matos MP, Gouveia IC, Jatene AD;;; Association for Family Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: During 2000-2001 Association for Family Health (AFH), Family Health International (FHI), the State Department of Health and the Zerbini Foundation implemented a project to integrate HIV/AIDS/STI prevention and care to existing primary health care services at 9 health care units located in the southeast regi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1287)
Terris-Prestholt F, Kumaranayake L, Ginwalla R, Ayles H, Godfrey-Faussett P;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The Zambian ProTest project encouraged voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) as an entry point to integrate case management and prevention of HIV-related tuberculosis (TB). A key aim was to enhance collaboration between health services and community organisations. Core components of ProTest are co-ordinat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1288)
Schowalter L;;; NASTAD, Washington, DC, United States
ISSUE: HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) overlap greatly in their modes of transmission and populations at greatest risk of infection. In the United States , 30-40% of people infected with HIV are infected with HCV. The rate of co-infection among injection drug users (IDUs) is estimated to be between 50%-90%.
ISSUES: Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Uganda , developments have been made in the care of adults living with HIV/AIDS. However, little has been done to cater for the growing numbers of children infected with HIV in terms of care services, counseling and prevention. DESCRIPTION: A one year pilot progra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1290)
Goga AE, Mazibuko SN, de Klerk HE, Loening WE;;; National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
ISSUES: Infant care and follow up is crucial in programmes that prevent HIV transmission from mother to child (PMTCT). In many African countries including South Africa (SA) PMTCT (and therefore infant follow-up) is being integrated into existing routine maternal and child health services. The Integrated Management of C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1326)
Chirila O, Petrea S, Cotoanta V, Voicu I;;; The Institute of Infectious Diseases Matei Bals, Bucharest, Romania
BACKGROUND: HIV status is still associated with guilt, secrecy, social stigma and discrimination. Many parents still believe they protect their HIV positive children keeping the secret of diagnosis and they are resisting to disclosure. Some of them are terrified about the children s reaction - exposure to a very painfu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1327)
Power R, Duran R, Palmer L, Koopman C, Gore-Felton C, Israelski DM, Porter J, Spiegel D;;; Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
BACKGROUND: Persons living with HIV disease risk the possibility of negative consequences when revealing their seropositive status to people in their social network. This study examined disclosure of HIV status in relation to depression and social support in an ethnically diverse sample of men and women. METHODS: We re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1328)
Santos GM;;; Gapa-Ba, Salvador, Brazil
ISSUE: The phenomenon of feminization of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil , characterized by the high increase of the infection among women, has also brought an increase in the number of children who are born with the virus or who become orphans due to the death of one or both parents. This situation has caused a series of
Issues (Problems) Thai nurses and a social worker visit HIV-positive children at home in metropolitan Bangkok. Besides medical problems the children have psychosocial problems of multifactoral origin. The children are orphans and miss strong family links; they are often sick and drop out of school; they don t have any
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1330)
Medved W, Calzavara L, Ryder K, Myers T;;; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To examine patterns of disclosure of HIV-positive status to sexual partners and significant others by MSM. METHODS: Recently infected men and women enrolled in the Polaris cohort are recruited through Ontario s HIV diagnostic laboratory, physicians and community organizations. In-depth qualitative interview
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1331)
Cornu C, Castle C, Chabala T, Mwanza D, Ouedraogo A;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: In 1994 42 national governments committed to support greater involvement of PLHA, and to strengthen networks of PLHA & PLHA support groups. However, there has been little research exploring dynamics of self-help among HIV+ people, particularly factors affecting success & sustainability of PLHA group
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1362)
Castle CJ, Solomon S, Swarnalakshmi S, Thomas S, Priya S, Costello-Daly C;;; Horizons/International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Concerns have been expressed that greater attention to HIV/AIDS care and support may detract from prevention efforts. Yet others hypothesize that efforts to strengthen care can also improve prevention. YRG CARE, with support from the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, is working with NGO partners in four site
Though 70% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) in Thailand seek cares from health sectors, self-care by family members (86%) and drug sellers who have no pharmacy training (23%) are common. The opportunistic infection (OI) self-care interventions were performed during 2000-01. It aimed to strengthen appropriate care
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1364)
Etzel MA, Comulada WS, Swendeman DT, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Mattes KM, Weiss RE;;; UCLA-NPI Center for Community Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has raised fears about increased HIV transmission acts among those receiving medications. Knowing that a low viral load is related to HIV transmission, it is thought that those taking HAART may increase their transmission acts. Utilization of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1365)
Carmona A;;; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy may be limited by poor adherence. Non-adherent patients should be enhanced to improve their adherence condition and therapy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the improvement of adherence in severe non-adherent patients (SNAP) who received continuous and personalised coun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrF1366)
Kabore M, Konan-Koko R, Eholie S, Bissagnene E, Kacou RA, Kadio A;;; NGO-Amepouh, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the rate and process of disclosure of the HIV status to partners among patients taking ARV in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: A cross-sectorial survey was carried out among patients on ARV with a stable partner attending the University Hospital in Abidjan addressing the question disc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1367)
Carneiro-da-Cunha C, Kerrigan D, Malta M, Fortuna M, Strathdee S, Bastos F;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ISSUE: Adherence to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is important for both persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) as well as public health, since non-compliance may promote transmission of HIV-resistant strains. DESCRIPTION: 18 focus groups, consisting of 11 PLWHA on average, were conducted with socially dis
ISSUES: advocacy, legislation, role and strategies of PWA s in the process of defending our rights. DESCRIPTION: Since 1998, when created a multidisciplinary commission in VIVO POSITIVO, with the participation of a variety of social representatives, for the analysis of the existing national legal project, the different
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1292)
Castle CJ, Cornu C, Dua R, Herrera D, Nadkarni V, Ouedraogo A, Velasco N;;; Horizons//International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Greater involvement of PLHA is a critical response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Yet little research exists exploring how it affects their quality of life and NGO policies & services. METHODS: We examined the effects of PLHA involvement in NGOs in Burkina Faso , Zambia ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1293)
Ramaiah A;;; Positives Womens Network, Bangalore, India
ISSUES: There is growing acknowledgment of the unique threat that HIV/AIDS is posing women in India , very little attention has been focused on the challenges women face living with the realities of the epidemic. Women in India have long been a neglected community. Access to health services are poor, especially HIV pos
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1295)
Brito DI, Luna-Cadena AI, Briain W, Cabrera-Resendiz JG, Osornio JP;;; Red Mexicana de Personas que Viven con VIH/SIDA, Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUES: The development of innovative HIV education materials is needed in Mexico. There is a growing need for culturally-specific HIV education services for Spanish-speaking migrants in Canada . DESCRIPTION: This project developed skills building activities for persons infected/affected by HIV/AIDS on specific themes
ISSUE: Since the 1994 Paris Declaration, GIPA has been integrated into this document. Since then nothing has been implemented in most of the program areas in terms of greater involvement of PLWHAs and the affected others. METHODOLOGY: Multisectoral involvement in program planning, designing and implementing is very cru
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1332)
Leonchuk N, Lexhentsev K, Zhovtyak V;;; All-Ukrainian Network of PLWHAs, Odessa, Ukraine
ISSUES: In Ukraine HIV has affected an estimated 1% of the population and the country has one of the fastest growing infection rates world-wide. With the beginning of the epidemic in 1995, a significant number of PLWHA may progress towards AIDS soon. Therefore, a strong voice to call for access to treatment options for
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1333)
Esguerra RP, Fonacier-Fellizar IF;;; Non-Governmental Organization, Metro Manila, Philippines
ISSUES: In 1998, the Philippines enacted an HIV/AIDS Law i.e. R.A. 8504. The National AIDS Council (PNAC) was reconstituted. Composed of Government and Non-governmental stakeholders, PNAC is responsible for formulating and recommending policies along HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control; and stirring and monitoring the impl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1334)
Azenha MF, Taglietta MF, Tironi MA, Nunes JS, Campos RL, Kropsch LJ, Kaufman A;;; Ministry of health, Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUES: The Brazilian STD/AIDS Programme is one of the most effective programmes in the world, due to parallel development of prevention and care activities, the importance given to human rights and high priority to ensuring retroviral therapy to all patients free of charge. Meanwhile, the AIDS pandemic remains a subst
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1335)
Gachara M, Elkins DB;;; National AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUE: Kenya has moved from an MOH model to a multi-sectoral National AIDS Control Council (NACC). In the introduction of the NACC, many hurdles have been faced in its legal status, capacities, responsibilities, functions and sector roles. DESCRIPTION: In November 1999 a National Strategic Plan was ratified and a multi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrG1336)
Kagame J, Thurman S;;; First Lady, Kigali, Rwanda
ISSUE: Leadership at all levels is fundamental to effective action against AIDS. Given the disproportionate impact of AIDS on women and girls in Africa - the voices of women are essential. The African First Ladies Alliance Against AIDS was formed to focus attention on the special challenges facing women, children, and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1337)
Wright S;;; Mr, London, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Members of Parliament play a vital role in determining the extent and nature of political responses to HIV/AIDS. By forming all-party groups or committees, they can formalise this role and maximise their influence. Human rights must be the framework for national and international action, rather than addressing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1368)
Kumaranayake L, Watts C, Vickerman P;;; LSHTM, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The implementation of HIV prevention projects is often characterised by interruptions in financing or disrupted supplies of commodities. Reasons for these include delays in the receipt of donor money by the project, short-term funding cycles with gaps between tranches of money, and external factors such as
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1369)
Valdiserri RO, Ogden L, Janssen R, Onorato I;;; Centers for Disease Control &Prev., Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: In January 2001, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a new five year strategic plan (SP) that seeks to reduce the number of new HIV infections in the U.S. from an estimated 40,000 to 20,000 per year by 2005. Utilizing a national, iterative consultation process, specific object
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1370)
Rahman M, Azim T, Baatsen P, Pisani E;;; National AIDS Committee, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ISSUES: HIV prevention is most effective when it begins early in the epidemic. However it has historically been difficult to put the epidemic on the political agenda in a country before HIV prevalence is high and AIDS deaths become common. DESCRIPTION: Recently, some countries have presented data on their own risk prof
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1371)
Beaston-Blaakman AP, Tselayakgosi M, Saint-Victor R, Traore N, Semini I;;; Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
ISSUES. Estimating the costs of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in Africa and other parts of the world is critical for efficient resource allocation and effective, organized care for those with this devastating disease. The process of estimating HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment costs is extremely complicated due to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1372)
Day J, Nandakumar AK, Connor C, Kombe G, Frakt A, Murphy M, Leighton C;;; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
ISSUES: There is growing national and international pressure to make antiretroviral (ARV) treatment available to HIV/AIDS patients in low resource countries. However, limited information exists on how much it would cost to effectively introduce ARV treatment in the developing world. Extensive data on cost and cost-effe
ISSUES: Behavioural surveillance is an intrinsic component of HIV surveillance contributing to an improved understanding of the HIV epidemic. Behavioural data help explain trends in prevalence in mature epidemics, detect risk behaviour in the populations and focus prevention activities in high risk groups in low or con
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5713)
Garcia F, Arnedo M, Plana M, Gil C, Caballero M, Alos L, Martinez E, Miro JM, Blanch JL, Cruceta A, Mestre G, Pumarola T, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To analyze the association of the tonsillar tissue viral burden with plasma viral load, peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and LPR before any ART and after 1 year of ART. METHODS: Measurements of plasma, tonsillar tissue viral load (TTVL), LS, and LPR to mitogens and specific antigens were performed at d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5714)
Abbate I, Cappiello G, Longo R, Ursitti A, Calcaterra S, Spano A, Capobianchi MR;;; S.Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND. Cell-derived membrane proteins (CMP) acquired by HIV provide information of its cellular source. CMP profile of HIV present in paired plasma and spinal fluid samples from AIDS patients, as well quasispecies evolution in env and gag regions. METHODS. CMP profile was established by immunocapture of purified v
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5715)
Taylor MM, Chohan B, Lavreys L, Huang ML, Corey L, Richardson B, Ashley R, Mandaliya K, Bwayo J, Kreiss J;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus-8, the causative agent of Kaposi s sarcoma, was evaluated to determine risk factors and correlates of shedding among commercial sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya . METHODS: Women found to be seropositive for HHV8 by ELISA (OD value >0.2) were examined for the shed
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5716)
Sherefa-Kemal K, Foley B, Burger H, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Kitchen CR, Gao W, Robison E, Holman S, Dehner C, Meyer III WA, Landay A, Kovacs A, Bremer J, Davenny K, Weiser B;;; Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, a large fraction of HIV-1 infections have been transmitted through exposure to virus in the female genital tract, yet the vast majority of virologic analyses have focussed on HIV-1 in blood of men. To understand HIV-1 pathogenesis and halt its spread, it is critical to study virus in the genital
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5717)
Ziccheddu M, Serra C, Biolchini A, Arru G, Dolei A;;; Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
BACKGROUND. Breast-feeding is responsible for one of the mucosal routes of HIV transmission. Milk-borne transmission is thought to occur mainly via virus-infected cells, since free virions are likely to be rapidly inactivated, mainly by child s saliva. We studied the cells present in human milk, in order to clarify the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5718)
Gimeno A, Portilla J, Plazas J, nchez-Paya J, Ochando M, Merino E, Boix V, Llopis C, Polache J, Pardo MA, nchez R, Gascon I;;; S. Microbiologia. Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a method for sampling and processing cervico-vaginal secretions to quantify HIV-1 nucleic acids (DNA+RNA) and HIV-1 RNA. METHODS: Cervico-vaginal secretions were aspirated directly HIV-1 positive women. Samples were washed in 0.5 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Sample weight was determined m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5719)
Kaneda T, Hagiwara T, Hattori J, Utsumi M;;; Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
BACKGROUND: Using a PNA-probed in situ hybridization method (PNA-ISH), we detected the HIV-1 provirus in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected individuals under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and determined its positivity. METHODS: Samples: 62 samples of CD4+ T lymphocytes were purified from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5720)
Wada K, Nagai H, Hagiwara T, Hotta N, Utsumi M, Kaneda T;;; Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital,, Nagoya, Japan
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 proviral DNA persists in CD4+ cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue even in patients with a suppressed plasma RNA level. Therefore, a sensitive method for quantifying total HIV-1 DNA in infected cells is required for monitoring highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: The PCR primers and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5721)
Rubbert A, Woehrmann A, Passon D, Juette A, Salzberger B, Faetkenheuer G;;; Med Dep I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
BACKGROUND: CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV infected patients have recently been shown to harbor HIV RNA. Little is known about how this viral reservoir within CD8+ lymphocytes responds to HAART therapy METHODS: PBMC were obtained from 25 HIV infected patients before and after initiation of HAART at 3, 6 and 12 months and ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5722)
Harrer T, Hauber J, Low P, Schmitt M, Schwingel E, Kalden JR, Hauber I;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: Although HAART can suppress HIV-1 plasma viremia below the limit of detection of the available assays, there are concerns that low level HIV replication could lead to emergence of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need for sensitive assays to measure HIV-1 replication beyond plasma RNA assays. To assess per
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5723)
Martinez MA, Parera M, Clotet B;;; Fundacio irsiCaixa. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
We have previously studied the reservoir of HIV-1 present in PBMCs of 10 infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) by measuring over time levels of unintegrated and integrated cell-associated viral DNA. In addition, we have also investigated the HIV-1 integrated provirus sequence variation in t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5724)
Yoshimura K, Kimura T, Wang F, Kim J, Koito A, Matsushita S;;; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
BACKGROUND: Ongoing HIV-1 residual replication during HAART remains a major obstacle in our therapeutic effort, especially for structured treatment interruptions (STI). To better understand the level of residual replication in vivo, we examined both of proviral DNA levels and turnover of T lymphocytes in patients with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5725)
Margolis DM, Johnson HJ, Ylisastigui LL;;; Univ. Texas Southwestern/Dallas VAMC, Dallas, United States
BACKGROUND: Due to persistent HIV-1 infection within resting CD4+ T cells, eradication of HIV infection is not yet possible. The host factors YY1 and LSF cooperatively recruit histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and inhibit transcription and virus production. Therapies that target thes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5726)
Nagai H, Wada K, Tawada Y, Morishita T, Utsumi M, Nishiyama Y, Kaneda T;;; Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
BACKGROUND: A method to quantify cellular HIV-1 mRNA, multiple-spliced-mRNA (MS-mRNA) and unspliced-mRNA (US-mRNA), was established. Using this quantitative assay method, we monitored the transcriptional activity of HIV-1 provirus in CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5727)
Iyengar S, Finny JG, Zhang H, Chancey C, Schwartz DH;;; Dept Molec Micro &Immunol, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: All HIV-1, 2, and SIV strains are CD4 dependent in cells of the host species from which they were isolated, and it is widely stated that all SIV strains use CCR5 rather than CXCR4. CD4 and/or CKR variation among primate species could be barriers to lentivirus xeno-transmission. We examined the CD4 and chemo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5728)
Armand-Ugon M, Quinones-Mateu M, Gutierrez A, Barretina J, Blanco J, Schols D, Clercq ED, Clotet B, Este JA;;; Fundacio IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
HIV-1 strains with a syncytium-inducing phenotype that use CXCR4 (X4 strains) have been associated with faster disease progression and AIDS. Antiviral agents designed to block CXCR4 may prevent the emergence of X4 HIV strains but resistant strains that maintain the X4 phenotype can be raised by sequential passage in ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5731)
Biswas P, Malnati M, Galli A, Capiluppi B, Piergiovanni S, Scarlatti G, Lazzarin A, Lusso P, Tambussi G;;; San Raffaelel Scientific Instiute, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Plasma viral load presents a biphasic decay with rapid elimination of free virus in the first weeks followed by a slower second phase decay of plasma viremia. Aim of our study is to evaluate the kinetics of HIV-DNA in sequentially purified cell subsets, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5732)
Varnier OE, McDermott JL, Bertolotti F, Martini I, Levreri I, Murdaca G, Campelli A, Puppo F;;; Inst Microbiology, School of Medicine, University, Genova, Italy
ISSUES: Measurement of plasma RNA levels is considered the best prognostic marker for predicting clinical outcome in HIV-1 infection and is also a marker of therapy efficacy. Viral load is measured every 3 to 6 months in treated subjects, yet following HAART, it is drastically reduced to undetectable levels. However, l
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5733)
Kumar B, Wanchu A, Bhatnagar A;;; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgradaute Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh,, Chandigarh, India
BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is an important cause of destruction of CD4 + T lymphocytes among patients with HIV infection. Transduction of apoptotic signals is mediated, among others by Fas ligand. It signals through an intracellular transduction pathway via an adapter molecule called Fas-associated death domain (FADD), whic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5734)
Anthony K, Sereti I, Orenstein J, DerSimonian R, Herpin B, Metcalf J, Lane HC, Polis M;;; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: CD4 lymphopenia is a cardinal manifestation of HIV infection. Increased T cell turnover has been proposed as an important mechanism of CD4 depletion. To study the effect of changes in T cell turnover induced by HAART on CD4 recovery, blood and lymph nodes (LN) were evaluated in patients before and after HAA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5735)
Chattopadhyay PK, Chadwick K, Phair JP, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, Hellerstein MK, Margolick JB;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: T cell homeostasis (TCH) failure, which usually precedes AIDS, is characterized by declining CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, but whether it results from increased T cell destruction, insufficient T cell proliferation, or decreased thymic output is unknown. METHODS: Using longitudinally stored peripheral blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5736)
Fraser C, Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, Coutinho R, Miedema F, Goudsmit J, Lange J, Anderson RM, de Wolf F;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The mechanism by which HIV infection results in the depletion of CD4+ T cells remains controversial. We present and test a novel mathematical model of CD4 cell depletion that relates current knowledge of viral dynamics to the observed trends in HIV pathogenesis. We test the hypothesis that the dominant rout
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5737)
Bakri Y, Mannioui A, Sanchez F, Ylisastigui L, Gluckman JC, Benjouad A;;; Faculte des sciences, Rabat, Morocco
BACKGROUND. Macrophages are cells of immune system that are part of the viral reservoir persistence of HIV-1 in vivo. Even though macrophages express CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, they allow replication of R5 and dual-tropic R5X4 but not X4 HIV-1 strains. Activating cells of the immune system may stimulate HIV-1 replication an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5738)
Stamatos NM, Mitchell JB, Curreli S, Zella D, Cross AS;;; Institute of Human Virology and Div. of Infectious Diseases/Univ. of Maryland Med. Ctr., Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes into macrophages or immature dendritic cells establishes a permissive state for growth of HIV-1. Monocytes express increased endogenous sialidase activity as they differentiate. We determined whether desialylation of glycoconjugates on the surface of undifferent
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5739)
McCoombe SG, Cameron PU, Short RV;;; Dept. of Zoology / Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: Little is known about where HIV-1 enters the human penis, but the protective effect of male circumcision suggests that the foreskin is involved. Langerhans cells that contain specific HIV-1 receptors are located in the foreskin, glans penis and frenulum, but an overlying layer of keratin could prevent viral
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5740)
Li M, Cameron PU, Short RV;;; Pregnancy Research Centre, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: The human vaginal epithelium is well-supplied with HIV-1 receptive Langerhans cells, overlain by a stratified squamous epithelium. This epithelium is oestrogen-dependent, being thickest at around the time of ovulation, and thinnest just before menstruation. Could oestrogen treatment be used to decrease a wo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5741)
Lamprecht JH, Austin ME, Freestone MW, Bouic PJ, Clark A, Brittle W;;; Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Studies using non-SPF laboratory cats as a model for testing putative immune modulating drugs, were reported earlier. This study was performed to determine if FIV+, SPF cats housed in a barrier unit would be a superior model. METHODS: A group of 8 purpose bred SPF cats housed in a barrier unit was infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5742)
Kourtis AP, Ibegbu CI, Scinicariello F, Chen ZW;;; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in the macaque is a model of HIV pathogenesis. KB9, a molecular clone of SHIV 89.6P, has been shown to be very virulent, inducing rapid and profound CD4+ T cell loss in rhesus macaques, followed by partial recovery in some. METHODS: We intravenously inocu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5743)
Pandrea I, Onanga R, Makuwa M, Rouquet P, Bourry O, Ngari P, Bedjabaga I, Apetrei C, Roques P;;; Departement de Virologie, Centre International de Recherches Medicales, Franceville, Gabon
BACKGROUND. SIVmnd-1 infects mandrills in natura. Mechanisms of virus persistence in wild population might include its vertical transmission, as reported in CIRMF semi-free colony of mandrills. However, the mechanism(s) and timing of transmission were not investigated to date. Here we present the first study of SIVmnd-
During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, disease progression correlates with the occurence of variants using the co-receptor CXCR4 for cell entry. In contrast, simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm3mc), a non-pathogenic virus, uses CCR5, Bob and Bonzo as co-receptors thro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5747)
Bull ME, Vahlenkamp TW, Tompkins MB, Tompkins WA;;; Immunology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) cause lymph node (LN) T cell apoptosis that correlates with development of immunodeficiency. The mechanism(s) mediating T cell apoptosis and immunodeficiency remain controversial. FIV-infected domestic cats provide a useful animal mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5748)
Biberfeld P, Castanos-Velez E, Heiden T, Lindvall C, Sandlund A, Biberfeld G;;; Immunopathology Lab., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Next to Kaposi s sarcoma, malignant lymphoma is the most frequent malignancy of AIDS patients (ARL). In our Primate Center we have observed a high frequency of lymphomas (sARL) in non-human primates developing simian AIDS after SIV infection. The characteristics of 32 such sARL are summarized here. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5749)
Benlhassan-Chahour K, Penit C, Vaslin B, Dioszeghy V, Dereudre-Bosquet N, Delache B, Feuillat-Aubenque C, Vasseur F, Dormont D, Grand RL;;; Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of post-exposure prophylaxis with HAART on T-cell proliferation and activation during primary infection of macaques with pathogenic SIV. METHODS: 12 Macaques were infected iv with SIVmac251 (50 AID50) and were then treated twice a day for a month (4h to 28 days postexposure). Group 1 rec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5750)
Scoggins R, Olivieri K, Matthews A, Brodrick B, Taylor J Jr., Chernauskas D, Camerini D;;; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
BACKGROUND: AIDS-associated R5 HIV-1 (R5-AIDS HIV-1) biological clones have greater cytopathic effects (CPE) for CD4+ thymocytes and replicate to higher levels than pre-AIDS R5 biological clones in SCID mice bearing human thymus liver grafts (SCID-hu mice). We hypothesize that the env and nef genes encode the cytopathi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5751)
nig RR, Steidl S, Neumann J, Coulibaly C, Holznagel E, Holzammer S, Cichutek K, Norley S;;; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, disease progression correlates with the occurence of variants using the co-receptor CXCR4 for cell entry. In contrast, simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm3mc), a non-pathogenic virus, uses CCR5, Bob and Bonzo as co-receptors thro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5752)
Wetzel K, Schielke E;;; Department of Neurology, Charite, Berlin, Germany
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 enters the central nervous system early in the infectious process and HIV-1 associated dementia is the most devastating complication attributed primary to the virus. Only a few of antiretroviral drugs, such as AZT ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5753)
Trillo-Pazos G, Sharer LR, Morgello S, Volsky DJ;;; SLRHC, Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 predominantly infects brain macrophages and microglia. The infection of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons is still debated. Using the laser capture microdisection (LCM) technique we tested if HIV-1 DNA is found in different cell types in the human brain during HIV encephalitis. METHODS: Frontal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5754)
Persidsky Y, Weber G, Persidsky R, Zelivyanskaya M, Ikezu T;;; Ctr. Neurovirol., UNMC, Omaha, United States
The BBB is impaired in HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE), and the mechanism for BBB dysfunction is not well understood. Examination of brain tissue from subjects with HIVE revealed that brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) tight junction (TJ) integrity is diminished (down-regulation of TJ proteins, ZO-1 and occludin) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5755)
Bossuet C, Vaufrey F, Conde F, Hantraye P, Grand RL, Gras G;;; C.E.A. DSV/DRM. EPHE-CRSSA. 1, route du panorama., BP6 92265 Fontenay aux roses CEDEX, France
BACKGROUND: HIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in clinical and pathological abnormalities associated with brain structural damages, inflammation, dendritic and synaptic damages, and neuronal loss. Neuronal injury is also suggested by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) that demonstrated a decre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5756)
Cousinou M, mez JA, Selma D, Valiente R, Trouillet I, Herran M, Martin MA, Vergara A;;; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
BACKGROUND: actual literature reports adding cidofovir to HAART results in a more effective control of JC virus, and an improved neurological outcome and survival in patients with AIDS-associated PML than when using HAART alone. METHODS: retrospective, descriptive study of patients with PML+AIDS treated with HAART+cido
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5757)
Ghorpade A, Swindells S, Persidsky Y, Borgmann K, Persidsky R, Holter S, Cotter R, Carlson K, McComb R, Bruch L, Gendelman HE;;; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
BACKGROUND: Mononuclear phagocyte (MP) infection and immune activation underlies the neurodegeneration of HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD). The dynamics of this process are poorly understood. To address this issue, we established a rapid autopsy program for isolation, purification and study of primary neural cells from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5758)
Poluektova LY, Faraci JA, Persidsky YV, Gendelman HE;;; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Omaha, United States
BACKGROUND: A small animal model was developed to study immunopathogenesis and therapeutics for HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE). METHODS: PBL from HLA-A2-positive donors were injected into NOD-SCID mice generating hu-PBL-NOD-SCID chimeras. HIVE was created by stereotactic injection of syngeneic HIV-1ADA-infected human monocy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5759)
Monini P, Chiozzini C, Leone P, Baccarini S, Moracci G, Gloghini A, Carbone A, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND. PEL are rare lymphomas of the body cavities whose incidence is highly increased in the setting of HIV infection. To target the body cavities, PEL cells must migrate from distant body sites to the serous membranes. This requires the polarization of the migrating cell that is most efficiently induced by chemo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5760)
Sgadari C, Barillari G, Toschi E, Carlei D, Palladino C, Bussolino F, Monini P, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: a reduced incidence or the regression of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) has been described in HIV-1-infected patients treated with HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI). KS is a vascular disease particularly frequent and aggressive in HIV-1/human herpesvirus 8 co-infected individuals. Lesion formation, in turn, is mediated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5761)
Rimessi P, Fabris M, Bonaccorsi A, Caputo A, Gloghini A, Carbone A, Ensoli B, Monini P;;; Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
BACKGROUND. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are rare lymphoma of the body cavities invariably associated with infection by HHV8, which is mostly present in PEL cells in the form of latent virus. In order to localize in the body cavities, PEL cells must transmigrate through lymphatic or vascular endothelium. This requir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5762)
Tornesello ML, Salatiello I, Duraturo ML, Sansone M, Piccolo R, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM;;; Ist.Naz.Tumori, Naples, Italy
BACKGROUND: Cervical human HPV infection is more common among HIV+ than HIV- women and is associated with higher rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). In HIV+ women a large number of HPV types are present and little is known on the relationship between HPV types and evolution of HPV-related lesions.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5763)
Zijenah LS, Hartogensis WE, Katzenstein DA, Tobaiwa O, Mutswangwa J, Mason PR, Louie LG;;; University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) is endemic in Zimbabwe , increasing dramatically with the onset of the HIV epidemic in the late 80 s. TB is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-1 infected individuals. HLA genes may influence disease progression.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5764)
Duggal P, An P, Beaty TH, Strathdee SA, Farzadegan H, Markham RB, O'Brien SJ, Vlahov D, Winkler CA;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: STRL33 (Bonzo/CXCR6) is a chemokine receptor and the primary co-receptor in SIV infection. Polymorphisms in other chemokine receptor genes have been associated with the progression to AIDS among HIV-positive patients, but no association with STRL33 has been reported to date. Since clinical AIDS is a compila
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5765)
Dorak MT, Tang J, Westfall AO, Zulu IS, Lobashevsky E, Leakeas CL, Schaen MM, Kancheya NG, Allen SA, Kaslow RA;;; UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
BACKGROUND: Transmission of HIV-1 is largely heterosexual in populations at highest risk. Whereas previous immunogenetic studies of HIV-1 transmission have concentrated on men who have sex with men and mother-child pairs, we investigated HLA class I markers of heterosexual infectiousness and susceptibility in cohabitin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5766)
Jaye A, Todd J, Njie H, Marshall S, Berry N, Ariyoshi K, Schim van der Loeff M, Aaby P, Whittle HC;;; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, Gambia
OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of HLA and non-HLA genetic polymorphisms in resistance to HIV-2 infection and disease. Design: A case-control and a cases-only cohort study. METHODS: one hundred and thirty three HIV-2 infected cases and 160 seronegative controls were recruited in 1991 in a Manjago village in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5767)
Jin X, Gao XJ, Ramanathan M, Deschenes GR, Nelson G, O'Brien SJ, Ho DD, O'Brien TR, Carrington M;;; Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, United States
BACKGROUND: Our previous data indicate that HIV-1-infected individuals with certain HLA-B*35 allelic variants (B*3502/3503/3504/5301) (B*35-Px) have more rapid disease progression than those with the B*3501/3508 (B*35-PY). The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not clear. METHODS: To examine whether cellula
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5768)
Pretorius D, Zeier M, Vorster E, Kruger A, Venter C, Kotze MJ;;; University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The complexity of interaction between infectious agents and host cells raises the possibility that genetic variants of any of the host molecules involved in host response to infection might affect clinical outcome in HIV seropositive subjects. The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5769)
Handley AJ, Bennett C, Cameron PU;;; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
BACKGROUND: Host genetic markers that protect from HIV infection, increase disease progression or slow progression by rate of CD4 T cell decline have been associated with Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) haplotypes. The effect of a variant in the TNF gene located in the gene dense central HLA region between Class I and II
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5770)
Corvasce S, Mazzucchelli R, Cozzi-Lepri A, Rezza G, Fiorini C, Ursitti MA, Ippolito G, Moroni M, Balotta C;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases - University of Milan, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: CCR5-~32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 A alleles may affect HIV-1 disease progression, both alone or in combination. The epidemiological studies performed up to date in seroprevalent HIV-1 populations failed to unequivocally identify a correlation between specific CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 genotypes and different rates o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5771)
Kleeberger SR, Jedlicka AE, Seaberg EC, Schwartz DA;;; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, United States
BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLR) have recently been shown to be important modulators of innate immunity, a critical component of resistance to HIV infection and AIDS progression. TLR4 has been implicated as a determinant of HIV infection and viral replication in vitro. TLR4 also mediates responses to Gram-negative
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5772)
Fang G, Kuiken C, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones S, Plummer F, Chen CH, Kaul R, Anzala AO, Bwayo J, Oyugi J, Gaschen B, Lang D, Philpott S, Beddows S, Sattenau Q, Kitchen CR, Paxinos E, Burger H;;; Wadsworth Center, Albany, United States
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis and pace of HIV-1 disease progression reflect the interactions among viral genomic sequences, host genetics, and immune responses. Slowly progressive HIV-1 infection has been studied in the West, where clade B HIV-1 is predominant. In Africa, clade B is rare, and multiple viral clades and r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5773)
Morlese JF, Qazi NA, Hardy G, Abbas R, Gazzard BG, Imami N;;; St. Stephen's Centre, Chelsea &Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The progression of HIV-1 infection is slower in a group of patients deemed the long term non progressors (LTNPs). In these LTNPs the HIV-1 specific helper-T lymphocyte (HTL) responses are more vigorous than in normal progressor patients. It is believed that these responses are capable of suppressing ongoing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5774)
Farrow MA, Sullivan JL, Greenough TC, Somasundaran M;;; University of Massachusetts Medical Center Department of Pediatrics Program in Molecular Medicine Center for AIDS Research, Worcester, MA, United States
The study of viral isolates from long term non-progressors (LTNP) often provides insight into naturally occurring attenuating mutations. LTNP viruses have been shown to harbor extensive mutations in the vif gene. Virus produced from restrictive cells in the absence of functional Vif is defective at a step post-penentra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5775)
Ghezzi S, Morsica G, Vicenzi E, Pacciarini F, Santagostino E, Gringeri A, Carminati G, Cusini M, Lazzarin A, Poli G;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND.LTNP are fundamental for understanding the nature of a protective immune response. A cohort of 47 individuals belonging to different risk categories was established in 1994 (Milano cohort).METHODS. All individuals were periodically for:CD4+ T cell counts, plasma viremia, PBMC-associated HIV DNA load, HIV iso
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5776)
Lopalco L, Barassi C, Ghezzi S, Pastore C, Poli G, Lazzarin A;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that individuals producing anti-CCR5 HIV neutralizing antibodies are protected from HIV infection. We searched for anti CCR5 Abs in Long Term Non Progressors (LTNP) patients, and we analyzed CCR5 epitopes recognised by Ig from LTNP to identify the antigenic correlates of HIV-1 neutr
