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15th International AIDS ConferenceBangkok, Thailand — July 11-16, 2004 |
Cite as: Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. xx
| Late-Breakers - Table of Contents Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Late-Breakers Track A Track B Track C Track D Track E |
| LATE BREAKERS - TRACK A Basic Science |
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| LbOrA01 | KRH-2731-5HCL: A NEW POTENT AND ORALLY BIOAVAILABLE X4 HIV-1 INHIBITING CXCR4 ANTAGONIST IN VIVO Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA01 T Murakami1, A Yoshida1, S Kumakura2, R Tanaka1, S Mitsuhashi2, K Hirose2, M Yanaka2, N Yamamoto3, Y Tanaka1 In addition, KRH-2731-5HCl did not inhibit generation of antigen-specific antibody- and T cell- immune responses of human in the hu-PBL-SCID mice. The bioavailability of KRH-2731-5HCl was 37% in rats administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The present data show that KRH-2731-5HCl is a potent and harmless X4 HIV-1 inhibitor in animals, and suggest that it has a therapeutic potential in clinical use. |
| LbOrA02 | PRE-CLINICAL PREDICTION OF THE RISK OF THE OCCURRENCE OF LATENCY DURING VAGINAL AND RECTAL PRE-TREATMENT WITH PRO-2000/5 IN A hu-SCID MUCOSAL MOUSE MODEL Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA02 S Di Fabio1, E Germinario1, A Profy2, G Giannini1, M Spada3, F Carlini1, C Lapenta3, E Proietti3, A Binelli1, F Belardelli3, S Vella1 Using our hu-SCID model of sexual transmission of HIV we could predict that pre-treatment with PRO2000/5 gel was able to block HIV-replication but did not block the transfer of the virus as indicated by the presence of cells containing an integrated DNA provirus. Therefore, suggesting that the persistence of latently infected resting cells it may occur. |
| LbOrA03 | LENTIVIRAL siRNAS TARGETING MULTIPLE HIGHLY-CONSERVED HIV-1 SEQUENCES - A NOVEL ANTI-HIV THERAPY Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA03 L-J Chang, J He The lentiviral siRNA targeting multiple highly-conserved HIV-1 sequences holds significant promise for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. |
| LbOrA04 | LOSS OF HIV-1-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELL PROLIFERATION FOLLOWING ACUTE HIV-1 INFECTION AND RESTORATION BY IL-2 PRODUCING CD4+ T CELLS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA04 M Lichterfeld, D Kaufmann, X Yu, S Mui, M Addo, A Wurcel, D Stone, E Rosenberg, B Walker, M Altfeld These data demonstrate a loss of CD8+ T cell proliferative function that not only correlates with progressive infection but also can be restored in vitro by augmentation of antigen-specific T helper cell function, providing evidence of a direct functional linkage between these two cellular subsets. |
| LbOrA05 | HIGH LEVEL OF CROSS-CLADE T CELL RECOGNITION IN HIV-SEROPOSITIVE UGANDANS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA05 B Barugahare1, N Jones2, C Baker2, S Mutalya1, M Okello1, M Eggena3, C Kityo1, P Mugyenyi1, H Cao2 HIV-specific CD8+ responses in HIV+ Ugandans are easily detected using the ELISPOT assay and high levels of cross-clade recognition even in the highly variable ENV regions are observed. In this cohort, the circulating HIV strains are of subtypes A or D with few recombinant strains identified. The level of cross-clade responses in this population is encouraging for vaccine development for regions where multiple HIV subtypes are endemic. |
| LbOrA06 | HIV-SPECIFIC CYTOLYTIC RESPONSE AS MEASURED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY CORRELATES WITH VIRAL LOAD IN A UGANDAN COHORT Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA06 N Jones1, B Barugahare2, M Eggena3, M McElroy1, K Carlson1, S Mutalya2, M Okello2, C Kityo2, P Mugyenyi2, H Cao1 HIV-specific cytolytic activity, as measured by CD107 expression, correlates with HIV viral load and represents an alternative, functional surrogate to measure antiviral effector responses in HIV disease progression. |
| LbOrA07 | HIV-2 INFECTION INDUCES BROADLY REACTIVE CD8+ T CELL RESPONSES AND CONSISTENTLY TARGETS IMMUNODOMINANT REGIONS IN GAG Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrA07 A Dieng Sarr1, A Shea2, N Jones2, A Gueye-Ndiaye3, S MBoup3, P Kanki1, H Cao2 HIV-2 infection induces broadly reactive CD8+ T cell responses that consistently target immunodominant regions primarily in Gag p24. HIV-1 cross-recognition was also observed in a subgroup of individuals. The breadth and magnitude of responses in the HIV-2 seropositive cohort with relatively preserved immune status (median CD4 = 623) support the importance of antiviral T cell responses in HIV immunoprotection. |
| LATE BREAKERS - TRACK B Clinical Research, Treatment and Care |
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| LbOrB08 | REDUCED LOPINAVIR EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY: PRELIMINARY PHARMACOKINETIC RESULTS FROM PACTG 1026 Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB08 A Stek1, M Mirochnick2, E Capparelli3, B Best3, S K Burchett4, C Hu5, J Gardella6, C Elgie7, J Schiffhauer7, E Smith8, J Read9, R Tuomala10 LPV exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy is lower compared to postpartum and non-pregnant historical controls. Small amounts of LPV cross the placenta. Low level exposure to LPV during pregnancy could lead to inadequate viral suppression and viral resistance. The PK, safety, and efficacy of increased LPV/r dosing regimens during pregnancy should be investigated. |
| LbOrB09 | ADDITION OF SHORT COURSE COMBIVIR (CBV) TO SINGLE DOSE VIRAMUNE (SDNVP) FOR PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION (MTCT) OF HIV-1 CAN SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASE THE SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF MATERNAL NNRTI-RESISTANT VIRUS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB09 J McIntyre1, N Martinson1, Investigators for the Trial 14132, V Boltz3, S Palmer3, J Coffin3, J Mellors4, M Hopley5, T Kimura6, P Robinson6, D Mayers6 SdNVP is effective in decreasing MTCT of HIV, but sdNVP+CBV can significantly decrease the subsequent development of drug resistant maternal HIV-1. The optimal duration of CBV is uncertain. |
| LbOrB10 | ORAL TENOFOVIR DF PROTECTS INFANT MACAQUES AGAINST INFECTION FOLLOWING REPEATED LOW-DOSE ORAL EXPOSURE TO VIRULENT SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB10 K Van Rompay1, J Lawson1, R Colón1, N Bischofberger2, M Marthas1 These data suggest that tenofovir DF administration will be effective to protect infants against HIV transmission from breast-milk. Our data provide also support for the ongoing trials in which the use of chronic tenofovir DF administration is investigated to reduce infection rates among high-risk adult groups (commercial sex workers, and men having sex with men). |
| LbOrB11 | SURROGATE GRANDMOTHER LACTATION TO PREVENT MOTHER-TO-CHILD BREAST MILK HIV TRANSMISSION IN COASTAL KENYA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB11 C Covington1, M Abdullah2, A Omar3, R Nduati4, A Roberts1 This study holds promise to build a culturally-tailored repertoire of feeding technologies that address the burgeoning HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa and other developing nations by blending traditional and modern knowledge. |
| LbOrB12 | EARLY AND UNEXPECTED BENEFIT OF ISONIAZID IN REDUCING MORTALITY IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN IN AN AREA OF HIGH TUBERCULOSIS PREVALENCE Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB12 H Zar1, M Cotton2, C Lombard3, J Karpakis2, S Strauss1, G Hussey1, H S Schaaf2, H Rabie2 INH prophylaxis has an early and significant survival benefit and reduces TB incidence in HIV-infected children. Based on these results and the recommendation of the data safety monitoring board, the placebo arm of the study has been discontinued. |
| LbOrB13 | PREDISPOSITION TO NEVIRAPINE HYPERSENSITIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH HLA-DRB1*01 AND HIGHER CD4+ T CELL COUNTS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB13 A Martin1, P Cameron2, D Nolan1, I James1, J Keller1, E Phillips3, S Mallal1 This retrospective study suggests that HLA-DRB1*01 may determine susceptibility to hepatitis-associated NVP HSR, and that this effect is may be abrogated by low %CD4+ count, as could be expected for a Class II-restricted, CD4+ T cell-dependent immune response to NVP-specific antigens. These data also argue that isolated NVP-associated rash without other features of NVP HSR may be a distinct clinical and pathophysiologic entity with unique HLA associations. |
| LbOrB14 | MAINTENANCE WITH TRIZIVIR (TZV) OR TZV + EFAVIRENZ (EFV) FOR 48 WEEKS FOLLOWING A 48-WEEK INDUCTION WITH TZV + EFV IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE HIV-1 INFECTED SUBJECTS (ESS40013) Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB14 M Markowitz1, C Hill-Zabala2, J Lang3, E DeJesus4, L Slater5, Q Liao2, E R Lanier2, M Shaefer2 Simplification to TZV alone following induction with TZV+EFV maintains virologic control and immunologic response. Simplification to TZV reduces fasting lipids, reduces ART-associated AEs, and may improve adherence. |
| LbOrB15 | SUSTAINED BENEFIT FROM A LONG-TERM ANTIRETROVIRAL (AR) ADHERENCE INTERVENTION: RESULTS OF A LARGE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrB15 S Mannheimer1, E Morse2, J Matts3, L Andrews4, C Miller3, B Schmetter5, G Friedland4, for the CPCRA 062 Study Team of the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS6 The CPCRA Adherence Study, the largest RCT of an AR adherence intervention, demonstrated that long-term individualized adherence support from a trained medication manager was associated with important, durable biologic and behavioral benefits. |
| LATE BREAKERS - TRACK C Epidemiology and Prevention |
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| LbOrC16 | RANDOMIZED COMMUNITY TRIAL TO REDUCE HIV RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS USING NEEDLE SOCIAL MARKETING STRATEGY IN CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC16 Z Wu1, P Lin2, W Liu3, Z Ming4, W Luo1, L Pang1 Needle social marketing strategy is demonstrated to be effective in reducing needle sharing risk behaviors among injecting drug users, and such program should be scale-up to tackle the increasing of HIV spreading among drug users in China. |
| LbOrC17 | LANDMARK GOVERNMENT METHADONE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM IN MAINLAND CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC17 Z Wu1, J Li2, National Methadone Working Group3 The 1st 8 clinics for methadone maintenance in mainland China have demonstrated its feasibility in operation in both metropolitan areas and rural counties. Programs are appreciated by drug users and their family members. Close cooperation among governmental sectors of health, police, and food and drug administration is a key for setting up and implementing maintenance programs. |
| LbOrC18 | INVOLVING PEER EDUCATORS IN HARM REDUCTION: WORKING WITH DRUG USERS IN XICHANG, CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC18 L L Zhang1, C Li2 Peer education among drug users requires intensive support. In China advocacy around harm reduction is necessary. There is a need for other interventions, especially voluntary detoxification and methadone maintenance, alongside needle exchange. Methadone maintenance began in this area as a pilot in early 2004. |
| LbOrC19 | HIV-1 STRAINS IN CHON BURI / RAYONG PROVINCES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE PHASE III VACCINE TRIAL STRAINS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC19 V Watanaveeradej1, M Benenson2, M de Souza2, S Nitayaphan3, N Sirisopana3, B Kim4, P Renzullo4, E Sanders-Buell4, A Brown5, S Tovanabutra4, J McNeil6, D Birx6, J Carr4, F McCutchan4 The majority circulating strain is CRF01_AE. Candidate populations for the Phase III trial do contain CRF01/B and CRF01/C recombinant strains as well as dual infections. Relationships to vaccine strains reflect both subtype distribution and relative conservation of genes. |
| LbOrC20 | THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL MALARIA ON MOTHER-TO-CHILD HIV TRANSMISSION (MTCT) AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PMTCT PROGRAMS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC20 H Brahmbhatt1, D Sullivan1, F Askin2, G Kigozi3, F Wabire-Mangen4, M Wawer5, R Gray1 Co-infection with PM or SM shows evidence of increasing the risk of MTCT. In addition to antiretroviral prophylaxis, provision of intensive malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy could reduce MTCT and more research is needed for effective malaria prevention in HIV+ mothers, as well as potential drug interactions between malaria and HIV treatments. |
| LbOrC21 | ANAL SEX AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HIV INFECTION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 15-24 IN SOUTH AFRICA: DATA FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC21 T Lane1, A Pettifor2, A Fiamma3, H Rees21University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States; 2Reproductive Health Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; 3University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States Anal sex contributes to the population risk of HIV infection in South Africa. Current HIV prevention strategies may unwittingly encourage misperceptions about the relative safety of anal sex. The data indicate that condoms may not be used as consistently during anal intercourse as during vaginal intercourse. Further studies should compare consistency of condom use for vaginal and anal sex. Qualitative research should systematically investigate anecdotal reports that youth choose anal sex as form of birth control and HIV risk reduction. Relevant and appropriate interventions for anal sex risk reduction should be developed, and should include increased access to condom-safe lubricants. |
| LbOrC22 | FIRST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND EXPOSURE TO HIV INFECTION AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN A HIGH HIV PREVALENCE AREA IN WESTERN KENYA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC22 H Vandenhoudt1, PN Amornkul2, F Odhiambo3, P Nasokho3, N Otwoma3, D Mwaengo2, J Vulule3, A Misore4, A Buve1, C Vitek5, A Greenberg5, L Slutsker2, E Marum6, K De Cock6 Many young women in Asembo have their first sexual experience at an immature age. From the time of sexual initiation, women are exposed to high rates of HIV and other STIs in their partners. Prevention efforts should target pre-teens before they become sexually active. |
| LbOrC23 | HOW WELL DO CROSS-SECTIONAL POPULATION SURVEYS MEASURE HIV PREVALENCE? EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF NON-PARTICIPATION Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC23 B Zaba1, M Marston1, R Isingo2, M Urassa2, P D Ghys3 Cross-sectional surveys with high absentee rates may under-estimate population prevalence due to higher HIV infection rates in mobile persons, but studies offering medical treatment to eligible subjects attract those who are unwell, compensating for this bias. |
| LbOrC24 | PREVALENT HSV-2 INFECTION AND RISK FOR HIV SEROCONVERSION IN A COHORT OF KENYAN FEMALE SEX WORKERS ENROLLED IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ANTIBIOTIC CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS TO REDUCE HIV INCIDENCE Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrC24 S Moses1, R Kaul2, J Kimani3, K Fonck4, N Nagelkerke1, F Keli3, K MacDonald2, I Maclean1, J Bwayo3, A Ronald1, M Temmerman4 Monthly azithromycin prophylaxis reduced the incidence of several STIs in this cohort, but had no impact on HIV incidence. The strong association observed between incident HIV infection and pre-existing HSV-2 infection suggests that HSV-2 may have been an important cofactor in HIV-1 acquisition, and supports the rationale for trials of HSV-2 suppression as an HIV-1 prevention strategy in high risk populations. |
| LATE BREAKERS - TRACK D Social and Economic Issues |
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| LbOrD25 | HIV/AIDS AND THE PHENOMENON OF CHANGE IN THE LIVES OF WOMEN FROM BOMBAY (INDIA) AND EDINBURGH (SCOTLAND) Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD25 D Sidhva The model develops fresh insights into the cyclical aspects of change that occur in the lives of women who become HIV positive. It provides a framework to develop a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of change created by a devastating illness such as HIV/AIDS in the lives of women. It emphasises critical events that contribute to this change, and highlights how great vulnerability and adversity are managed with limited resources. |
| LbOrD26 | LIFE EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF HIV/AIDS AMONG FEMALE INJECTING DRUG USERS IN KUNMING, CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD26 H Zhou The findings of this study suggest that female IDUs have specific understanding of HIV/AIDS.The life experiences of female IDUs have given a big impact to constitute the perceptions of HIV/AIDS among female IDUs. Hence the HIV/AIDS prevention stratigies among female IDUs should be developed with consideration of the life expereinces of female IDUs and their perceptions of HIV/AIDS. |
| LbOrD27 | AGED PEOPLE: THE REFUGE AND COMFORT OF ORPHANED CHILDREN, AN ENDURING AND STEADFAST CARE GIVERS OF PATIENTS, AND A LIFE-GIVING FORCE IN THE PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS; AN EXPERIENCE IN THE RURAL VILLAGES OF KALASIN PROVINCE, THAILAND Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD27 A Siega1, N Bubpa2 Tap the aged people who take care of their orphaned children afflicted/affected by HIV/AIDS to help fight this dreadful disease by equipping them with the knowledge and understanding on HIV/AIDS and to share its magnitude, impact and burden upon them as they experienced. |
| LbOrD28 | THE PLIGHT OF ORPHAN KIN CARE-GIVERS IN BOTSWANA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD28 B N Ngwenya Despite the challenges, school retention is high, 73.8% indicated that school going children in their care have not missed school, 22.2% missed school for less than a week. Aproximately 90% of the children are in school and 6.8% are not. Government provide support to OKCGs with a food basket (96.4%). But material intervention disempower OKCGs economically and isolate them socially. 80.1% OKCG recommended parenting workshops and support groups be organized for them, 25.3% wanted user friendly manuals prepared in the local languages on orphan parenting issues, 46.3% recommend access adult education to improve functional literacy competency and 35% access to employment opportunities. |
| LbOrD29 | THE EXPERIENCES OF HIV-POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY FROM LILONGWE URBAN (MALAWI) Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD29 B Gombachika Chimphamba Socio-cultural obligations to have children appeared to outweigh the fears and risks associated with the prospects of deteriorating health, the risk of giving birth to infected infants, and as well as the fear of leaving children orphaned. Improved intervention strategies and diverse forms of support groups for HIV-positive pregnant women which can address issues of pregnancy decision making as well as coping and disclosure are in urgent demand. The issue of disclosure would be substantially eased by including spouses in counseling sessions. |
| LbOrD30 | AIDS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA: THE RISK OF AN EPIDEMIC TRAP AND THE MACROECONOMIC EFFECT OF TREATMENT PRICE REDUCTIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD30 B Cisse, B Ventelou The introduction of human capital in the macroeconomic analysis and the interaction between agents' decisions on production factors create potential bifurcations for the balanced-growth path of the more fragile economies. For a realistic set of parameters and elasticities, a trap phenomenon turns out to be plausible in face of an epidemic shock: households and firms are together entering in an involution process. The example of Cameroon is particularly interesting and dramatic: the development process is blocked by the shock and the net GDP-loss is far higher than anticipated by previous macroeconomic studies. The action of the government should have to be designed knowing this risk, giving preference to human capital intervention: health and educational spending. Last, expanding ARV therapies to a large part of the population of workers could be more cost-efficient than initially evaluated (macro-economically speaking, i.e. considering the risk of an involution trap and the possibility to escape from it). |
| LbOrD31 | HORA H SOCIAL MARKETING PROJECT: REDUCING THE IMPACT OF MACHISMO (HOMOPHOBIA) CULTURE ON THE SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS AMONG MALE POPULATIONS IN BRAZIL Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD31 M Fontes1, P Roach2, C Studart1, G Barker3 Public mass communication campaigns should not focus only on specific HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors and distribution of condoms. Homophobic cultural norms should be challenged by society at large. |
| LbOrD32 | CONDOM USE AMONG HOSPITAL STAFF IN ZAMBIA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD32 K Kiragu1, C Mwaba2, T Ngulube3, M Nyumbu4, P Njobvu5, P Eerens6 The results suggest an urgent need to remind hospital staff about the HIV risk of multiple sexual partners, to educate staff about effectiveness of condoms, and to make condoms more accessible in the hospital setting. Most importantly there is a need to go beyond education, and to provoke them into adopting safer behaviors. These issues appear more pressing among women. The project team is now implementing a hospital-based worksite program in response. |
| LbOrD33 | THE PARENTS MATTER! PROGRAM: PROMOTION OF PARENTING SKILLS TO PREVENT YOUTH HIV INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrD33 N Long1, K Miller2, R Forehand3, L Armistead4, B Kotchick5, L McNair6, S Wyckoff2, G Linder4, C Lin-Chen Lin7 The Comprehensive Intervention was effective at increasing skill, comfort and confidence to promote more optimal communication between parents and their children about HIV prevention. |
| LATE BREAKERS - TRACK E Policy and Program Implementation |
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| LbOrE34 | ELIGIBILITY AND TARGETING CRITERIA USED IN NATIONAL ARV PROGRAMS: THE THREE CASE STUDIES OF MEXICO, SENEGAL AND UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE34 C Chanfreau, S Bennett Rationing mechanisms reflect multiple underlying ethical theories and the ethical underpinnings of explicit rationing criteria should reflect societal values. In order to ensure this alignment, widespread consultation and dialogue with a variety of stakeholders, and not just policy makers or physicians, is critical. Without such explicit debate, more rationing will occur implicitly and this may be more inequitable. The effects of rationing mechanisms upon equity depend considerably upon implementation processes. As antiretroviral programs are implemented, it is critical to monitor who gains access to these programs. |
| LbOrE35 | BALANCING LOCAL OWNERSHIP WITH AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO AN HIV EPIDEMIC: A DIFFICULT BALANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE35 T Newbury AusAID is designing its next phase of support for HIV programs in PNG, with a move to program based assistance. We will undertake stronger advocacy with politicians and with key government agencies including Treasury and Personnel Management in order to support NACS. Our future work will be guided by research, including a gap analysis and international best practice. |
| LbOrE36 | SUCCESSFUL RESULTS THROUGH A HOLISTIC APPROACH-A SIMPLE, COMMUNITY BASED, LOW COST MODEL Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE36 E Kamunvi1, E MacLachlan1, P Kashyap2 Community support programmes must have an integrated holistic development approach. Grass roots organizations are best suited for community involvement and commitment. Treating a whole person, and not just the body, is what is needed and it is affordable. |
| LbOrE37 | BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE SCHOOL AND COMMUNITTIES: SCHOOL GOVERNING BODIES WORKING WITH SCHOOLS TO PROTECT THEIR CHILDREN AGAINT HIV AND MANAGE THE IMPACT OF AIDS AT SCHOOL Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE37 K Magome1, M Prew2 Need to provide practical guidance to parents and SGBs in order to enable a deeper analysis of what drives HIV/AIDS and how to respond at a local level. |
| LbOrE38 | THE IMPACT OF A HIV AND AIDS LIFESKILLS PROGRAMME ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA: THE NEED FOR FULL IMPLEMENTATION Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE38 S James1, P Reddy2, R Ruiter3, B Van Den Borne3 Teacher training programmes need to critically consider the skills and support structures available to teachers during the implementation period that may enhance the efficiency of programme implementation. In addition the methodology used to facilitate education regarding behaviours requiring more skill for example assertive behaviour and condom use needs to be refined in the teacher training. |
| LbOrE39 | COST AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF PROVIDING SCALED-UP HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) IN BARBADOS Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE39 N Adomakoh1, T Roach1, A Abayomi2, H Fraser2, S Adomakoh3 Cost shift from inpatient to outpatient care is observed in the first year of HAART. Treatment is highly cost effective in Barbados setting. |
| LbOrE40 | RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR ACHIEVING THE TREATMENT GOALS UNDER THE PRESIDENT'S EMERGENCY PLAN FOR AIDS RELIEF Int Conf AIDS. 2004 Jul 11-16;15:Abstract No. LbOrE40 O Smith, G Kombe It is feasible to achieve the treatment goals established by PEPFAR within the allocated budget if ARV drug costs are not high. However success is not guaranteed, as non-financial barriers such as human resources and VCT uptake are important as well. The results can help inform a range of policy decisions and ensure that the maximum benefit is achieved with PEPFAR resources. |
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