Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1001)
Hamer DH, Hu S, Lueders KK, Wodarz D, Douek DC;;;; NIH/NCI, Bethesda, MD, United States
Although CD4 helper T cells are thought to play an important role in orchestrating the immune response against HIV, they might also provide a fertile milieu for viral replication and evolution due to their unique ability to be activated and infected by the same pathogen. Methods: Sequence analysis and phylo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1002)
Tilton JC, Johnson AJ, Iyasere CA, Migueles SA, Connors M
These results suggest that diminished in vitro proliferation of HIV-specific CD4+ T cells during viremia is not due to dominant host or viral negative factors, but rather due to decreases in positive factors such as diminished IL-2 production or other proinflammatory cytokines.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1003)
L Caccavelli1, S Imbart1, Y Levy2, L Weiss1
Our results provide evidence for a role of CD4 T cell help in improving the block of maturation of virus-specific CD8 T cells which impairs cytolytic activity and viral control.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1004)
Zheng NN, Kiviat NB, Sow SP, Diall-Agne H, Robinson AD, McElrath MJ;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Virus-specific CD4+ T helper cells are important in generating functional CD8+ T cell memory. HIV-2 infection is typically less virulent than HIV-1 infection, possibly permitting the host to mount a more effective, sustained T cell immune response. Our previous study in a cohort of HIV-2 infected individual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1005)
Fonseca SG, Silva AC, Fonseca LA, Leite O, Gutierrez E, Santos S, Segurado A, Iwai LK, Hammer J, Sidney J, Sette A, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E;;;; Heart Institute, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The control of viral load of immunocompetent HIV+ patients is associated with an effective anti-HIV CD4+ T cell response. The aim of this work is to identify a set of HIV derived-peptides that bind promiscuously to several different HLA molecules, covering close to 100% of the genetically diverse human popu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1006)
Kinter AL, Kern S, Hennessey M, Lin Y, Jackson R, Fauci AS;;;; Lab of Immunoregulation/NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, United States
Human CD25+CD4+ Treg-like cells generated in vitro from CD25- CD4+ T cells have been demonstrated to possess phenotypic and functional characteristics similar or identical to freshly isolated immunosuppressive CD25+CD4+ Treg cells. It is believed that generation of Treg-like cells can occur under certain T
HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B have been circulating in Thailand . Inter-subtype recombinants of HIV are expected to emerge in geographic regions where there is widespread of HIV-1 epidemic such as Thailand. Recently, CRF15_01B, the intersubtype CRF01_AE/B recombinant strain, was reported in heterosexual and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1009)
Songok EM, Lwembe RM, Lihana RW, Kobayashi K, Ndembi N, Kiptoo MK, Oishi I, Genga IO, Ichimura H;;;; KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya
HIV group M viruses occur as either pure subtypes or recombinants. Recombination is believed to arise due to multiple infections with different subtypes and it has been suggested that in areas where multiples subtypes co-circulate, there is a tendency for selection for recombinant forms. Design: To investig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1012)
Arts E, Ari[eumln K, Abraha A, Troyer R, Quinones-Mateu M, van der Groen G, Colebunders R, Kestens L, Heyndrickx L, Vanham G;;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
We have shown that HIV-1 group M subtype C viruses are less fit than subtype B and that this differences in fitness may be related to subtype distribution and spread. In this study, we compared the relative fitness of HIV-1 group M, HIV-1 group O and HIV-2. Group M viruses are responsible for the current pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1018)
Ylitalo N, Nachman S, Brogly S, van Dyke R, Hughes M, Seage G;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States
Despite the initial success of HAART on the morbidity and mortality in HIV+ children, opportunistic illnesses (OI s) continue to occur. The objective of this study was to describe the occurence of OI s in relation to time on HAART. Methods: 2063 HIV+ children who were on HAART and followed in the prospectiv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1043)
Alcami J, Bermejo M, Pablos JL, Gonzalez N, Sanchez-Verde L, Baleux F, Arenzana F;;;; AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit. Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Majadahonda. Madrid, Spain
Emergence of X4 HIV strains occurs late in the course of HIV infection, suggesting that a selective pressure interpheres with the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use. On the other hand HIV infection is enhanced by the DC-SIGN molecule present in dendritic cells. We hypothesized that CXCL12 production b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1044)
Lin YT, Hsieh SL, Chen YJ, Lai SF, Chen YM;;;; Institude of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is a decoy receptor for FasL and LIGHT. Because of lacking a transmembrane domain, DcR3 can be secreted from the cells. DcR3 can neutralize the biological effects of FasL and LIGHT and inhibit the cells undergo apoptosis. In addition, it can
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1045)
Biasin M, Schenal M, Lissoni F, Trabattoni D, Gori A, Clerici M;;;; Department Immunol, University Milano, Milano, Italy
IL-7 is required for thymopoiesis and enhances the peripheral expansion of mature T cells after T-cell depletion in animal models; this cytokine might therefore have a role as an immunomodulant in the therapy of HIV infection. We analysed the in vitro effect of IL-7 in PBMC of HIV-infected patients and unin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1046)
Zanetti G, Sasson SC, Zaunders JJ, Stanley KK, Kelleher AD;;;; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
IL-7 serum levels are elevated in lymphopenic conditions including chronic HIV infection and inversely correlate with CD4 count. IL-7 plays a role in mediating CD4+T-cell homeostasis. It acts via IL-7 receptor, composed of gamma-chain CD132 and alpha-chain CD127, and expressed by most T-lymphocytes. Regulation of IL-7/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1047)
Schmidt RE, Ansari AW, Heiken H;;;; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
HIV-1, in most instances modulates the host cellular environment by altering the cytokine and chemokine network. A series of inflammatory chemokines including the [beta chemokine MCP-1/CCL2 is induced during viral infections. Some of these mediators regulate the viral replication and CCL2 is reported as one
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1048)
Pavlakis GN, Valentin A, Morrow M, Yarchoan R
These results identify TNF as an important regulator of HIV-1 evolution in vivo, and demonstrate that measurements of intracellular cytokine production in blood cells do not necessarily represent cytokine levels in tissues. TNF-α production has the potential to promote propagation of X4 viruses and inhibit X5, due to CCR5 downregulation.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1049)
Friedrich TC, Dodds EJ, Yant LJ, Vojnov L, Rudersdorf R, Cullen C, Evans DT, Desrosiers RC, Mothe BR, Sidney J, Sette A, Kunstman K, Wolinsky S, Piatak M, Lifson J, Hughes AL, Wilson N, O'Connor DH, Watkins DI;;;; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
Engendering cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses will likely be an important goal of HIV vaccines. However, CTL select for viral variants that escape immune detection. Transmission and maintenance of escape variants in human populations could pose an obstacle to HIV vaccine development. Methods: We modele
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1050)
Onlamoon N, Pattanapanyasat K, Ansari AA;;;; Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
To confirm the impaired IFN-gamma production by HIV specific CD8+ T cells in HIV infected patients and to determine whether the failure is due to the influence of anti-retroviral drugs (ART). Methods: The frequency and number of the HLA-A1101 HIV-1 nef peptide specific CD8+ T cells were evaluated both quant
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1051)
Lichterfeld M, Yu XG, Mui S, Johnston M, Cohen D, Strick D, Rosenberg E, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells play a crucial role for the spontaneous control of HIV-1 replication, yet, in numerous studies, no correlation was found between HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in interferon-g Elispots and markers of HIV disease progression. Thus, it is currently unclear if interferon-g secre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1052)
Connors M, Migueles SA, Royce C, Ambrozak DR, Price DA, Douek DC, Imamichi T, Berg S;;;; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
High frequencies of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells remain detectable in patients with or without immunologic control over HIV replication. To better understand the qualitative features of an effective HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response, we examined the surface phenotype and TCR clonal composition of immunodominan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1053)
Feeney ME, Draenert R, Roosevelt KA, Tang Y, Pfafferott K, Verrill C, Altfeld M, Walker BD, Goulder PJ;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
HLA-B57 is associated with slow progression to AIDS, and the CTL response of most individuals expressing this allele is dominated by B57-restricted epitopes. Gag epitope TSTLQEQIGW (TW10) is the earliest epitope targeted during acute infection in B57+ subjects. We compared recognition of TW10 and autologous
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1054)
Thobakgale C, Ramduth D, Honeyborne I, Chetty P, Nene N, Ntumba N, Henry C, Brander C, Kiepiela P, Walker BD, Goulder PJ;;;; HPP, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
Life-long dependence upon CART is not a feasible option for infants. The optimal use of CART in paediatric infection has not been determined. To examine the potential for CART, initiated in early paediatric infection, followed by subsequent supervised treatment interruption (STI), to boost HIV-specific immu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1013)
Manosuthi W, Sungkanuparph S, Vibhagool A, Kiertiburanakul S, Ruxrungtham K, Prasithsirikul W, Rattanasiri S, Thakkinstian A;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Concomitant use of efavirenz (EFV) and rifampicin (RIF) is common for the treatment of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). The level of EFV can be reduced by RIF. The appropriate daily dosage of EFV is still unclear and lack of clinical data supported. Methods: HIV-infected patients with TB, receiving
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1014)
Gandhi NR, Moll A, Pawinski R, Jack C, Lalloo U, Friedland G;;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Tuberculosis(TB) is the leading cause of death among HIV+ patients worldwide. In the province of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa , 2/3 of new TB patients are HIV+. Although TB treatment programs use WHO Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) strategy, the annual case fatality rate among HIV/TB coinfected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1015)
Sungkanuparph S, Manosuthi W, Kiertiburanakul S, Vibhagool A;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common presentation in advanced HIV-infected patients in developing countries. In addition to treatment of TB, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indicated. Data regarding timing of ART initiation and treatment outcomes of HIV and TB is limited. Methods: A retrospective study was conduct
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1016)
Samayoa-Herrera B, Xet-Mull AM, Velasquez-Porta T, Lau-Bonilla D, Jimenez T, Paz-Garcia L, Arathoon E;;;; Universidad de San Carlos, Escuela de Quimica Biologica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Introduction: The increase in tuberculosis cases has necessitated a more thorough understanding of infection dynamics. Important factors to address include frequency of new infections versus the rate of reactivation of the disease, rates of antibiotic resistance, and epidemiologic identification of heavily affected gro
Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common life-threatening fungal infection in patients with AIDS. In Sub-sharan Africa it is one of the commonest opportunistic infections overall. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical profile and management outcome of microbiologically confirmed cryptococcal me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1056)
R L Murphy1, D Schürmann2, A Beard3, R F Schinazi4, F Wagner2, R Levy5, M J Otto3
Reverset™ (RVT) was very well tolerated and highly effective in treatment-naïve individuals with up to 1.77 log10 decrease in viral load. The potent antiviral activity and safety in the current study coupled with the in vitro susceptibility of drug-resistant HIV-1 to RVT warrants further investigation. Studies in experienced patients are being initiated.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1057)
J C Gathe, Jr.1, M Y Washington1, C Mayberry2, D Piot2, J Nemecek2
LPV(r) as single agent therapy exhibited virologic efficacy comparable to combination PI therapy. Response was not compromised by high % of advanced disease subjects; lack of funding for the study. Significant toxicity was not seen. Genotypic/phenotypic resistance was not seen. LPV(r) as single agent therapy should be evaluated further in controlled study.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1058)
K Arastéh1, A Lazzarin2, B Clotet3, J Lalezari4, D Cooper5, K Henry6, M O'Hearn7, J Reynes8, P Piliero9, B Trottier10, J Montaner11, S Walmsley12, M Nelson13, C Katlama14, J Chung15, R DeMasi0, D Guimaraes15, L Huson0, L Donatacci15, C Wat0, T Kinchelow15, A Bertasso15, G D Miralles0, M Salgo15
A majority of patients on the ENF+OB arm completed 96 weeks (55.7%). A significant number of patients 26.5% (ITT) [47.6% (OT)] demonstrated<400 copies/mL at 96 weeks and no new safety issues were identified.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1059)
Smith BA, Raper JL, Weaver MT, Bittner VA, Gower B, Hunter GR, Ottery FD, Pakapong Y, Saag MS;;;; University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Consequences of HAART places patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and other problems. The aim of this double blind, placebo controlled study was to examine the effects of aerobic/resistive exercise with and without oxandrolone on body composition, blood lipids, and exercise markers in HIV infected ad
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1060)
Serra MS, Oyafuso LK, Troppe BM;;;; Hospital de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lipodistrophy has become a big challenge in HIV/AIDS treatment. Facial atrophy is an unaesthetic condition related with lipodystrophy and compromises patients self-esteem and quality of life, urging for an efficient treatment. Methods: Patients were treated with a 30% PMMA solution, containing methylcellulo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1079)
Braithwaite RS, Roberts MS, Chang CY, Justice AC;;;; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
The optimal clinical threshold for initiating therapy in HIV patients is unclear. Our purpose was to estimate the CD4 initiation threshold resulting in longest survival. Methods: We have created a probabilistic computer simulation that has predicts time to treatment failure and survival for HIV patients in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1080)
Hausler H, Naidoo P, Schoeman H, Karpakis B, Godfrey-Faussett P;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Central District is 1 of 4 TB/HIV Pilot Districts established by South Africa in 1999 with WHO s ProTEST Initiative. A plan to provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) was approved by government in November 2003. South Africa has followed WHO s. recommendations that people with CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1081)
Chel S, Lim K, De Munter P, Lynen L, Thai S, Hines JG, Schrooten W;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Guidelines recommend determining a CD4-lymphocyte count before initiation of antiretroviral therapy in PLWHA. CD4 counts are often not available. We evaluated the new criteria for start of ART as proposed in a draft document of WHO in a cohort of PLWHA in Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE (SHCH) in Phnom Pen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1083)
A De Ruiter1, A L Pozniak2, S Staszewski3, J E Gallant4, K Yale5, B Lu5, J Enejosa5, A K Cheng5
TDF- and d4T-based therapy demonstrated sustained efficacy in ART-naïve women through 144 weeks. Women in TDF arm had smaller changes in fasting total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. Significantly less limb fat was seen in the d4T arm at week 144.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1084)
Boyd MA, Siangphoe U, Duncombe CJ, Chomchey N, Ubolyam S, Stek M, Ruxrungtham K, Lange JM, Cooper DA, Phanuphak P;;;; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand
Nucleoside reverse transcripatse inhibitor (NRTI) class sparing is attractive for patients with NRTI failure or toxicity. Methods: This single arm, open label study switched patients failing NRTIs (defined as HIV RNA >1000 copies/ml on combination NRTI therapy) to IDV/r 800/100mg bid + EFV 600mg qd. Efficac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1008)
Tovanabutra S, Watanaveeradej V, Viputtikul K, Sanders-Buell E, Beyrer C, De Souza M, Birx DL, McCutchan FE, Carr JK;;;; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Henry M Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
With HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials underway and planned, we sought to assess the changing molecular picture of HIV-1 in Thailand through full genome sequencing and analysis of CRF01_AE/B recombinant strains retrieved in recent years from HIV-1 infected populations with different exposures. Methods: Using ge
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1010)
Casado G, Thomson MM, Sierra M, Delgado E, Cuevas MT, Najera R;;;; CNM Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
a high diversity of genetic forms of probable African ancestry has been identified recently in Cuba by analysis of partial pol and env sequences, including two probable circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), D[pol]/A[env ]and U(unknown)[pol]/H[env], which were detected in 21% and 7% samples, respectively. Ob
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1011)
Sukhanova AL, Pokrovsky VV, Kazennova EV, Bobkov AF, Weber JN, Roudinskii NI, Mikhailovich VM;;;; Federal AIDS Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
A highly homogeneous subtype A HIV-1 variant (IDU-A) caused the overwhelming majority of HIV-1 infections among IDUs in East Europe. The aim of the study was to characterize polymorphism of the subtype A Protease in the former Soviet Union. Methods: During 1996-2003, proviral DNA samples were obtained, with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1032)
McNaghten AD, Hanson DL, Aponte Z, Sullivan PS, Wolfe MI;;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
Introduction: Despite improvements in treatment and prevention of HIV-related illnesses in the US, AIDS morbidity remains a substantial health problem and disparities in medical care of HIV-infected persons exist. To examine gender differences in HAART use, OI incidence and OI trends, we studied OI incidence and prescr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1082)
Chen SY, Hsu L, Schwarcz SK, McFarland W;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
There is a myriad of antiretroviral drug combinations currently available to HIV-infected individuals. We used AIDS surveillance data in San Francisco to determine which combinations of initial regimens yield the best odds of survival. Methods: We performed a retrospective, matched, nested case-control stud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1101)
van den Hombergh H;;;; MoH/GTZ Reproductive Health Program, Nairobi, Kenya
In high prevalence countries like Kenya , employers must address the impact of HIV/AIDS on their human resource management (HRM) and ultimately their output. Various models project the multifaceted costs to address this impact and diverse workplace policies (WPP) have been experimented with. A solidarity fund to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1019)
Klitzman R;;;; Columbia U./NYSPI, New York, United States
HIV+ doctors (MDs) face many issues that have not be systematically studied, & can affect their treatment of HIV+ and other patients. Methods: We conducted 2 interviews of 2 hours each with MDs: 40 HIV+, & 25 w/ other diseases. Interviews were audiotaped & transcribed; & content-analysis has
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1020)
Ganczak MJ;;;; Department of Higiene and Epidemiology Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
To determine nurses` attitudes toward patients HIV testing. Methods: 601 members of nursing staff from 18 hospitals: 7 located in the city of Szczecin, Poland (2 teaching hospitals, 5 municipal) and 11 located in the rural areas took part. The hospitals were selected by using a table of random digits.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1021)
Infante-Xibille C, Zarco-Mera A, Cuadra-Hernandez M, Morrison-Melke K, Bronfman-Pertzovsky M;;;; Institute of Education/Thomas Coram Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
Introduction: In Mexico there is little information on how health care professionals (HCP) respond to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). From where HIV -related stigma emerge? What form does it take within the daily activities of HCP? Why does it still prevail? These remain unanswered questions. We understand HIV -rel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1022)
Mahmud EM, Hailemariam DH, Sanders ES;;;; Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
HIV/AIDS has become a full-blown development crisis affecting all sectors of the economy. The industrial sector is one of the severely hit sectors in Africa. AIDS-related illnesses and deaths of employees affect an enterprise by both decreasing production and increasing expenditures. The study attempted to
Brarudi is one of the Heineken breweries in Burundi , one of the poorest countries in the world (GPN 130 USD per capita). The HIV seroprevalence is 19.8 in the urban areas and 11.3 in the whole country. Since september 2001, Brarudi assisted by Heineken International has decides to give High Active Antiretr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1024)
Guiard-Schmid JB, Montagut B, Ribadeau-Dumas F, Edoo Edoo G, Makong S, Bidjeck M, Marechal E, Nerrienet E, Chevallier-Schwartz M, Buclez B, Longuet C, Le Pen C, Pialoux G, Rozenbaum W;;;; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
TRICAM study was a pilot ARV access program to demonstrate feasibility and cost effectiveness of HAART in the private company ALUCAM (aluminum production in Edea, Cameroon ). This company had previously set up a global HIV management program for employees and families, including prevention, information, Vol
It is acknowledged that successful treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy requires the patient to maintain consistent adherence to the prescribed regimen on a long-term basis. Before and during treatment HIV-infected children and their caregivers may confront some problems that may affect adherence. Traine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1026)
Amri O, Sylla Y, Boureima K, Akossi A, Pouchain K, Maville E;;;; AIDES, Paris, France
So far, Income Generating Activities (IGA) have mainly focused on economic and social reintegration but not on access to care. A new component of IGA such health savings fund could improve the health status of PLWHA. AIDES, a French NGO and six African NGOs have implemented a pilot program carried
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1027)
Prang CP, Prang CP, Khut OK;;;; Family Health International Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
In rural areas of Cambodia palliative care services are virtually unknown and non-existent. Care of the dying is done by family members who often lack appropriate knowledge and skills. Experience has shown that people living with AIDS who face death feel frightened and stressed. This fear creates a vicious cycl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1028)
Spire B, Preau M, Vincent E, Trainaud MH, May T, Picard O, Leport C, Morin M;;;; INSERMU379/ORS, Marseille, France
This study examined the relations between health related quality of life (HRQL) and the feeling of control using locus of control (LOC) beliefs in 296 HIV-infected patients enrolled in a French cohort, 44 months (M44) after they began HAART. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire gathered information ab
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1029)
Cruz EF, Matos SS, Tanaka CA, Cardoso EP, Antunes KR;;;; GIV-Grupo de Incentivo a Vida, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Children and adolescents adherence to antiretroviral medications has become a great challenge for health professionals, educators and caretakers. Its complexity relates to the amount of medicines a child needs to take, their side effects, their presentation, and their taste. In addition, psychosocial issues suc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1030)
Sherr L, Bolding G, Davis M, Hart G, Elford J;;;; RUFCM, AIDSCare, London, United Kingdom
Pre HAART HIV infection was associated with an increased suicide burden. This ranged from a 3-fold to 36-fold increase depending on the study. Little is known about the impact of new treatments for HIV on suicidal ideation in those infected or most at risk of infection. Methods: In 2002-03 confidential ques
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1031)
Ngongo BP, Marum EM, Omondi JO, Taegtmeyer MT;;;; Liverpool VCT and Care Kenya, NAIROBI, Kenya
Recent dramatic increases in access to VCT services in Kenya have led to a demand for an accessible deaf-friendly VCT service. The Deaf community in Kenya comprises an estimated 950,000 people with no unified sign language and few agreed signs for many words related to HIV awareness. The number who had accessed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1033)
Moatti JP, Lucchini S, Cisse B, de Cenival M, Comiti C;;;; GREQAM-EHESS, Marseille, France
Objectives: To analyze the determinants and long-term sustainability of a differential pricing mechanism for HIV/AIDS drugs in favor of developing countries. Data collection: Source prices of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs observed in real transactions that occurred in Brazil and 13 sub-Saharan African countries between 19
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1034)
Fisher AA, Miller RA, Snyman E, Ndhlovu L, Searle C;;;; Horizons/Population Council, Washington DC, United States
South Africa is preparing to deliver ARVs to large numbers of PLHAs. Key to successfully implementing this activity will be strengthening the health care system in such areas as: VCT, provider skills, equipment, supplies, community support groups, and educational materials. In KwaZulu Natal the DOH with the
Free, anonymous, same-day VCT services have been provided in freestanding centers in Botswana beginning in 2000 and with the last of the 16 centers opening in early 2003. In 2002, the government of Botswana began providing antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to selected HIV-infected patients in 4 sites with more t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1036)
Ibanez-Carrasco F, Zack E, O'Brien K, Reeve K;;;; Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, ON, Canada
Although anti-HIV medications have positively changed the clinical outlook for many individuals in developed countries, they show a series of long-term impacts. This study assesses the emerging collective experience of living with HIV and implications for policy, programs, practice and further research. This study was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1061)
Anderson T;;;; National Association of People with AIDS - USA, Washington, DC, United States
Increasing attention is being focused on prevention programmes that target interventions for people living with HIV/AIDS. Yet relatively little scientific evidence documents effective interventions in this area, and even less has been documented about what prevention activities are desired or likely to be accep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1062)
Kavamahanga D;;;; CNLS Burundi, Gitega, Burundi
Subject: The implication of rural, People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) leaders in the improvement of the psycho-social care of their peers in Gitega Province, Burundi . The rural poulations don t yet understand that stigmatism and discrimination of PLWHA contribute to the deterioration of their quality of life
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1063)
Strauss R, Cahn P, Gualdoni P, Grillo M, Gregori P, Ramos W, De Caro J, Zaidelis S, Castagnino H, Balbe L;;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
From March 2002, on a daily basis a group of 12 volunteers -most of which are PLWAs- is actively involved in support activities directed to patients in the waiting room of our Unit. Lack of knowledge on HIV issues is specially observed in naïve patients. A high percentage of patients have poor reading skills an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1064)
Bachman GA, Mucheke S, Ndabamenye P, McClellan I, Mwarogo P;;;; Family Health International, Arlington, United States
While ART adherence appears to improve with increased user knowledge and positive client-provider interaction, few PLWHA and providers take part in the design of treatment literacy strategies. In Kenya and Rwanda , Family Health International and local partners, employed a participatory approach to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1065)
Wainaina GG;;;; Kenya HIV/AIDS Business Council, Nairobi, Kenya
The involvement of people living with HIV in fighting stigma and discrimination and in the sensitization campaigns has been found to generate a marked difference in the attitude and acceptance of those living and afected by HIV/AIDS. The Kenya HIV/AIDS Business Council undertook a case study and appointed a GIPA field
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1066)
Peters J;;;; PWA, OAN, CTAC, Toronto, Canada
I seroconverted early in the pandemic. In 1984 this illness did not yet own its final name. No one knew how to deal with it. I believed my life was over. I was terrified, confused, and suicidal. The question was: could I find a way to live with AIDS? Diagnosed in 1985, not knowing who to talk to ab
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1085)
Boulle A, Michaels D, Hildebrand K;;;; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
PMTCT services have been provided in Khayelitsha since 1999, and ART since 2001. Contrary to many poor countries, women in South African townships tend to access public sector services more than men, and this has been the experience in HIV programmes. There is a growing body of evidence pointing to importan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1086)
Herrera C, Caballero M, Campero L, Kendall T;;;; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
In Mexico , People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) confront stigma and discrimination in various spheres, including in the health sector, and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and medical care is uneven. PLWHA without guaranteed access to ART face the high costs of medication and laboratory tests. There h
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1087)
Hogg RS, Bonner SJ, Daniel M, Harrigan PR, Yip B, Braitstein P, Wood E, Montaner JS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
The impact of depression and its symptomatology on mortality has not been widely examined in persons first accessing HAART. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of depression on survival in antiretroviral naïve persons accessing HAART. Methods: Our study is based upon HIV-positive individ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1088)
Gianna MC, Kalichman AO, Bueno SM, Basso CR, Ruiz EA, Tayra A, Santos NJ, Holcman MM;;;; Centro de Referencia e Treinamento DST/AIDS - SES-SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The STD/AIDS Training and Referral Center (CRT-DST/AIDS) has a specialized service for treating STD/HIV/AIDS patients. The aim of the present study was to estimate survival among patients diagnosed with AIDS from 1992 to 1998 by risk situation at CRT-DST/AIDS. Methods: Information on risk situation was coll
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1089)
Myer L, Thompson A, Rabkin M, Abrams EJ, El-Sadr WM;;;; MTCT-Plus Initiative, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
There are few data on the determinants of condom and contraceptive use among HIV-infected individuals in resource-limited settings, and how antiretroviral therapy (ART) effects these behaviors is unclear. We evaluated condom and contraceptive use among women in the MTCT-Plus Initiative, a multi-country HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1090)
Jacobson LP, Ostrow D, Hylton J, Gore ME, Weisberg M, Silvestre A;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Increases in risky behavior, new HIV infections and outbreaks of sexually transmitted diseases have been reported in the era following the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART). The study goals were to determine: 1) whether the increase in risky behavior has persisted, 2) if the inc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1091)
Williams LL;;;; Williams & Associates, Bronx, United States
Issues discussed: Findings from African American senior focus groups will assist HIV service providers working with this population by (a) defining the special needs(b) identifying the appropriate messages and messengers for intervention (c) presenting effective outreach strategies(d) assessing sexual and drug using be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1092)
Pitts MK, Grierson JW, Thorpe R, Misson S, Hurley M, Willis J;;;; LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
Availability of highly active anti-retroviral treatment has given hope to people living with HIV (PLWHA) in Australia , and the expectation of living longer with HIV. For these PLWHA there is now an experience of growing older and living with a chronic condition. These people are trailblazers, experiencing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1093)
Duangdeetaweerat A;;;; HelpAge International, Chiang Mai, Thailand
When HIV/AIDS invades families, older people are adversely affected in several ways. Frequently they become the main carers of adult children with HIV/AIDS and orphans, and are economically, physically and emotionally devastated. They are deprived of the support expected from adult children in old age. The cari
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1094)
Ssengonzi R;;;; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, United States
In sub-Saharan Africa, care, treatment, and support for patients with AIDS-related illnesses and their relatives primarily are home-based and borne by family members. This often calls for caregivers to adjust their living arrangements significantly. One particular group impacted by these adjustments is elde
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1095)
Fontenelle do Santos D, Bernardi M, Lauria L, Aquino SL, Durovni B, Cruz M, Rapparini C, Vellozo V, Sa C;;;; Rio de Janeiro City Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
As the population continues to age, the number of adults over age 50 living with HIV/AIDS will increase. HIV infection in persons over age 50 has been largely unappreciated in the design of prevention. This paper will evaluate the frequency and characteristics of older AIDS patients in Rio de Janeiro City.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1096)
Cejtin HE, Kim S, Taylor R, Watts DH;;;; John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, United States
It is often difficult in the HIV-infected woman to distinguish menopause from amenorrhea from other causes. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of both women and their providers in assessing menopausal status. Methods: The WIHS is a prospective cohort study of the natural history of HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1099)
Ndenzako F, Phil M;;;; WHO Country office for Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Introduction and For the past two decades since the reporting of the first HIV case in Tanzania , the spread of the infection has been skyrocketing to the tone of estimated 2.2 millions adult Tanzanian living with HIV/AIDS. Construction sector has been taking a lead in the response to HIV interventions in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1037)
Brugha R, Donoghue M, Starling M, Ndubani P, Ssengooba F, Fernandes B, Walt G;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a new financial instrument providing large resources to disease afflicted countries. 60% of funds have been approved for HIV/AIDS control, most to Africa. While too early to assess its impact, we report findings on the functioning of new country str
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1038)
Guthrie TA, Lara G, Darce C, Fairstein C, Kioko U, Kerapeletswa C, Phororo H, Sotomayor J, Sumbana H, Valdes A;;;; AIDS Budget Unit, Idasa, Cape Town, South Africa
Monitoring and analysis of public expenditure on HIV/AIDS is vital given the severity of the epidemic, the substantial inflow of donor funds, and the critical need for investment from the national fiscus. A country s budget remains the most clear, honest and telling indicator of a country s prioritisation of th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1039)
Smith O, Bennett S, Stillman K;;;; Partners for Health Reformplus
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria aims to attract, manage, and disburse resources to make a significant and sustainable impact on the three focal diseases. At the same time, the Global Fund is likely to have a variety of direct and indirect effects upon health care systems in general, which could be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1040)
Daly KS, Sellers T, Pimenta de Oliveira MC, Lifuka R;;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
Recent increases in support for civil society responses to HIV/AIDS through national and international commitments and funding mechanisms (e.g. Global Fund and World Bank MAP) has led to challenges in how to most effectively get this money to NGOs/CBOs. The capacity of NGOs/CBOs to be involved in national mecha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1041)
Severo C, Kimambo AI, Loughran L, Eshun J;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
At the 2002 Global AIDS Conference, delegates from developing countries showed that delays in accessing new funding from the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, the World Bank, and others were a barrier to rapid scale-up of HIV/AIDS programs. Getting funds to civil society organizations proved particularly ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1042)
Helfenbein S, Severo C, Temba J, Weiler V;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, United States
While new institutional arrangements such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria., the World Bank s Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for the Africa Region, and the US Presidential Initiative on AIDS promise to inject much-needed resources for scaling up national HIV/AIDS responses, governments
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1067)
McGilvray MJ, Willis NJ, Pawinski R, Giddy J;;;; Nelson R Mandela Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
South Africa is currently embarking on one of the largest implementation programs for the provision of ARV in resource constrained settings. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the paucity of available doctors potentially undermines the initiation of new high resource health interventions. Challenges of ARV therapy can be m
Mother to child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for about 90% of Paediatric HIV infection in Nigeria . Postnatal transmission through breastfeeding is said to be responsible for about a third of MTCT. Prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) through breastfeeding will therefore help reduce the growing number of childr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1069)
Davis CS, Metzger DS, Burris S;;;; University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, PA, United States
There is increasing interest in understanding the relationship between policing strategies and drug-related risk behaviors. In May 2002, Philadelphia launched an intensive long-term policing initiative that targeted corners where drugs have historically been sold. Many of these corners were near syringe exc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1070)
McCauley AP, Crowley S, Juma M, Denison J;;;; Horizons Program/International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, United States
Young people have high rates of HIV infection and need access to testing, prevention, counseling and care for HIV. Pilot projects in several countries have tested strategies for attracting adolescents to VCT services, including guaranteeing confidentiality to young clients. Policies often require providers to s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1071)
Wang M;;;; University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, United States
After the DOHA Declaration and August 30th decision in 2003 made by the World Trade Organization, many legal and technical problems remain in HIV pharmaceutical patent in WTO rules that have affected access to affordable HIV medicine. Improving the current rules can drastically reduce HIV mortality and morbidit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1072)
Simon JL, Rosen S, Collier A, Sanne IM;;;; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States
Rationing of access to antiretroviral therapy already exists in sub-Saharan Africa and will intensify as national treatment programs develop. The number of people who are medically eligible for therapy will far exceed the human, infrastructural, and financial resources available, making rationing of public
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1073)
McKnight I, Carr R;;;; Jamaica AIDS Support, Kingston, Jamaica
With a prevalence rate of 1.5% and an estimated 10,000-20,000 orphans and other children 0-18 made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, there are a large number of children in Jamaica in need of additional care or made vulnerable because of their caregiver s HIV positive status. With an eroding family structure, and high le
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1074)
Al-Afifi MF, Eid S;;;; AMAN Center, Gaza, Palestinian Territory
Mobilizing youth was thought to be the alternative approach to fighting the social stigma of HIV/AIDS after failure to change the general community attitudes of the Gazzan people specially the adults and senior citizens. The social stigma tagged to HIV infection affects the whole family and results in disastrou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1075)
Luong Thi T;;;; Hochiminh City Committee for Population, Family and Children, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Between 1995 and 2002, the number of children living with HIV increased rapidly from 2 to 2,166. Children under 19 years of age now make up 16.8% of total HIV infections in Vietnam . Most of these children come from poor, marginalised families. The high levels of stigma, result in children being abandoned or pla
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1076)
Irwin B, Parker J;;;; Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States
HIV/AIDS affected households have reduced labor availability due to mortality and morbidity and the increase in non-productive caring activities. In addition affected households have increased costs for medical and funeral expenses. Within a household, fewer people must earn a higher household income to maintain
Stigma and discrimination against suspected or known people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) is a serious problem in Nigeria . Refusal to treat PLWHA,unnecessary precautions,and inadequate,substandard, or delayed medical treatment and care occur frequently. HIV testing without consent, isolation from other clien
Targeting of HIV/AID affected beneficiaries for food relief and food security initiatives Save the Children STEPs program has been able to use already mobilized community committees to channel food support from World Food Program (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to households affected by HIV/AI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1097)
Chartier MC, Mulanga C, Lisk F, Leather S, Alli BO;;;; international Labour Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
Discrimination against workers living with HIV/AIDS takes many forms, including pre-employment testing, denial of employment to HIV-positive job applicants, and reassigning or dismissing workers living with HIV/AIDS regardless of their capacity for work. The protection of rights is difficult to enforce and disc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1098)
Macdowell JM;;;; Project HOPE (Institution), Millwood, VA, United States
Workplaces are preferable location for HIV/AIDS interventions for a number of reasons, including the age & mobility of workers, the importance of workers in economic development, etc. Most workplace interventions have focused on large corporations with relatively well-paid employees. This project focuses on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1100)
Vuckovic M, Katzan J, Kirsch-Woik T;;;; GTZ, Eschborn, Germany
Success in the response to HIV/AIDS can only be achieved through comprehensive approaches on prevention, care, treatment and impact mitigation. This can only be attained through the joint effort of all sectors and stakeholders in society. Increasingly, bi- and multilateral development organizations recognize the enormo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1102)
Maffessanti AP, Schneider DH;;;; AIC Insurance Company, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
The objective of the study was to determine a sustainable long-term premium that should be charged by a South African Insurer based in the Eastern Cape (EC) for absenteeism insurance. Methods: In order to allow for the differential in HIV sero-prevalence levels by industry and income within the membership b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3002)
Mallah HB;;;; Collective for Social ScincesResearch, Karachi, Pakistan
Why adolescents in developing countries are increasingly gaining the interest of researchers, policy makers and programmers? One aspect of this issue is the large number of adolescent s population makes necessary their involvement for human development sustainability. The strongest demand expressed today, by young peop
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3003)
Ladha JS, Mitra D;;;; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
HIV-1 is known to manipulate cellular gene expression and biochemical processes in diverse ways not only to achieve optimal replication efficiency but also to induce T cell death. Despite evidences for several pathways by which HIV can induce cell death, apoptosis has been in the forefront of research impli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3004)
Minami R, Yamamoto M, Miyamuta T, Izutsu K, Suematsu E;;;; Internal Medicine,Clinical Reserch Institute,National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is an apoptosis-associated protein that induces apoptosis in activated T-cells. Reports indicate that RCAS1 is expressed on tumor cell membranes and is associated with escape of tumors from the immune system. It has been demonstrated that monoc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3005)
Panagiotidi C, Kotsianopoulou M, Klona K, Papadopoulou D, Panos G, Roumeliotou A;;;; National School of Public Health, AIDS Reference Center, Athens, Greece
Apoptosis has been proposed as a mechanism for the T cell depletion seen in individuals infected with HIV-1. Programmed cell death appears to occur to a larger extent in primary infection later stages of AIDS. The aim of this study is to determine whether apoptosis can be measured after the cell culture of p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3006)
Vignoles M, Carobene M, Minces L, Saracco M, Salomon H, Quarleri J;;;; National Reference Center for AIDS, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To perform a quantitative evaluation of the impact of HIV-1 in vitro infection on cellular telomerase activity. Methods: HIV-1 BH10 strain was used to infect a GHOST(3) CXCR4 cell line. Forty-eight hours after infection cells were harvested and split for telomerase activity quantification (Roche Diagnostics
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3007)
Malhotra U, Huntsberry C, Delpit E, Lee J, Maenza J, Corey L, McElrath MJ;;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Univeristy of Washington, Seattle, United States
While, IFN-gamma producing virus-specific CD4+ T cells can be detected, T-helper (Th) lymphoproliferative responses are absent in most HIV-1 infected patients. To gain further insight into the mechanisms that contribute to impaired CD4 help, we examined the kinetics and repertoire diversity of the CD4+ T ce
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3008)
Camerini D, Choudhary SK, Powell DM, Walker RM, Walsh CM;;;; University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
The mechanisms by which HIV-1 causes CD4+ T cell depletion remain elusive. Both direct and indirect killing and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis have been reported. We used genomic and cellular approaches to address these questions in thymocytes. Methods: Thymocytes were infected with HIV-1 clone NL4-3
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3009)
Saha K, Zerhouni B, Nelson JA, Carr D, Arundel Y;;;; Children's Hospital and OSU Medical Cener, Columbus, United States
Although HIV-1 primarily infects CD4+ cells using CD4 as a receptor, infection of cells that are negative for CD4 is also well established. The mechanisms involved in infection of CD4-negative cells have remained largely unclear. We have recently isolated CD4-independent viruses from the viral quasispecies
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3010)
Li L, Wei FL, Mei S, Feng X, Cao Y, Jin X;;;; The AIDS Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
HAART effectively controls HIV replication in most drug-compliant individuals, and profoundly effects immunologic responses in their recipients. The information on Chinese patients treated with HAART is still lacking. The objective of this study is to describe the immunologic changes, including lymphocytes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3011)
O'Connor DH, McDermott AB, Krebs KC, Dodds EJ, Miller JE, Gonzalez EJ, Riek CJ, Jacoby TJ, Piontkivska H, Rehrauer WM, Wilson N, Hughes AL, Watkins DI;;;; University of Wisconsin Department of Pathology, Madison, United States
Extraordinary sequence variability is a defining feature of HIV and SIV isolates. It has been hypothesized that viral escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses generates enormous diversity outside envelope, the primary target of antibody selection. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we infected 35 m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3012)
Mitchai M, Ratchathanee C;;;; Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
CD4 lymphocyte (T-helper cell) was a major target cell of HIV virus. Progressive decline in CD4 level has been shown to be associated with increased risk of developing oppertunistic infection and with mortality. The number of CD4 count is the key index for antiretoviral(ARV) starting and monitoring after ARV treatment.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3014)
Aidoo M, Sawadogo S, Bile EC, Nkengasong JN, McNicholl J;;;; HIV Immunology and Diagnostics Branch, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
The most desirable HIV vaccine will induce immune responses against multiple HIV subtypes and recombinants. Our objective was to study the role of HLA, virus and T cell degeneracy, in the establishment and maintenance of cross reactive immune responses. Methods: The ELISPOT assay was used to study T-cell cr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3015)
Cossarizza A, Poccia F, D'Offizi G, Agrati C, Bugarini R, Pinti M, Borghi V, Mussini C, Esposito R, Ippolito G, Narciso P;;;; Univ. of Modena, Modena, Italy
Analysis of the T cell repertoire can be useful to better understand the capacity of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to facilitate the reconstitution of the immune system during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: We have studied two groups of HIV+ patients who were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3016)
Peretz Y, Alter G, Hatzakis G, Tsoukas CM, Bernard NF;;;; McGill University Health Center, MOntreal, Canada
If HIV-specific IFN-gamma secretion is a correlate of immune protection from HIV disease progression, subjects with slow progression rates should have more intense and/or broader responses than those with typical or rapid disease progression rates. Methods: We studied 39 HAART-naïve HIV infected subjects fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3017)
Kebba A, Kaleebu P, Rowland S, Ingram R, Heiner G, Whitworth JA, Imami N, Gotch F;;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
It is unclear how HIV-1-specific immune responses in present in ESN differ from those in sero-positive (SP) subjects. We postulate that if indeed HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses in ESN are a feature of protective immunity, this is not because they are more prevalent, of a higher magnitude or wider breadth comp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3018)
Taskov H, Nikolova M, Muhtarova M, Mihova A, Elenkov I, Kostov K, Boumsell L, Bensussan A;;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
The necessity of phenotypic markers correlating with protective CD8+ T cell responses in HIV-1 infection is well recognized. CD160 is MHC-I specific co-stimulatory molecule expressed by highly cytotoxic CD28-CD8+ T cells (CTL). We have previously documented an increased circulating CD160+CD8+ T subset in HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3020)
Biasin M, Venuto A, Vigano A, Giacomet V, Merlo M, Trabattoni D, Clerici M;;;; Department Immunol, University Milano, Milano, Italy
HIV-specific T helper and CTL activity was shown at birth in healthy, uninfected newborns of HIV-infected mothers; HIV specific-cell mediated immunity (CMI) was suggested to be a correlate of protection against infection. We verified HIV- and HCV-specific CMI in newborns of HIV-; HVC;- and HIV+HCV-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3021)
Ogunrotimi O;;;; Edfho, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
The 5.8% prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its prospect of increasing is a major health problem in Nigeria and the attempt at reducing its spread informed the use of peer education (PE) approach to reach students post secondary and tertiary in Ekiti state of Nigeria. The project started in 1999 with funding from USAID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3022)
Almeida M, Cordero M, Almeida J, Orfao A;;;; Service of Cytometry and Cancer Research Centre, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Dendritic cells (DCs) have an impaired function in HIV-1+ patients. Their interaction with HIV-1 depends on its expression of HIV-1 receptors and co-receptors. We analyzed the expression of chemokine receptors on monocytes and DCs from naïve HIV-1+ individuals, and their ability to produce inflammatory cyto
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3023)
Kaufmann DE, Wagner B, Sidney J, Norris PJ, Johnston MN, Rogers T, Addo MM, Altfeld M, Brander C, Sette A, Walker BD, Rosenberg ES;;;; Partners AIDS Research Center/Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Increasing evidence suggests that HIV-specific CD4 responses are critical for effective immune control of HIV infection, and as such are an important target of potential HIV vaccines. The polymorphism of HLA molecules complicates the identification of epitopes that are suitable for use in a genetically dive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3024)
Kent SJ, Fernandez CS, Stratov I, De Rose R, Dale CJ;;;; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
No natural immunity exists for HIV. Escape from specific T cell responses likely contributes to the failure to clear HIV-1. Serially passing pre-escaped HIV-1 strains between subjects should result in some escape mutants being retained (if the relevant presenting MHC class I gene is shared) and some mutatio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3025)
Loffredo JT, Grafton KK, Rakasz EG, Yant LJ, Dodds EJ, O'Connor DH, Wilson NA, Watkins DI;;;; National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
It is thought that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in controlling HIV and SIV. Since routine immunological assays do not directly measure antiviral activity, our current understanding of CTL efficacy is inadequate. It is possible that sub-dominant CTL may be more effective than immunodo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3026)
Morelli P, Meroni L, Mologni D, Galazzi M, Adorni F, Galli M, Riva A;;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Metabolic alterations and abnormalities of fat distribution are common findings in antiretroviral treated HIV-1infected patients. The role of CD36 (high affinity receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol), in the genesis of lipid metabolism abnormalities has been recently investigated. Objec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3027)
Harrer T, Harrer EG, Bauerle M, Bergmann S, Hamacher M, Eismann K, Schmitt-Haendle M, Kalden JR, Petzold B, Chaplin P, Muller S;;;; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
CTL activity usually is analyzed using peptides from defined HIV-1 strains in ELISPOT or chromium release assays. However, HIV-1 is a variable virus and there is a lack of data concerning the recognition of autologous virus. Therefore, we studied the recognition of autologous virus by nef-specific CTL in pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3028)
Kemal K, Beattie T, Sutton J, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones S, Kuiken C, Philpott S, Collman R, Burger H;;;; Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
Long-term nonprogressive (LTNP) HIV-1 infection presents an opportunity to study pathogenesis and the correlates of protection from disease progression. LTNP infection may be influenced by the interaction of viral sequences and the immune response. Most previous studies have examined immune responses to con
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3029)
Diaz LS, Foster H, Stone MR, Fujimura SH, Relman D, Levy JA;;;; University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
Microarray and RT-PCR analyses of CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals showing the CD8+ cell non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) revealed that the mRNA for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a cell surface molecule found on endothelial cells, was present in these cells and not in CD8+ cells
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3030)
Mela CM, Burton CT, Gazzard BG, Gotch FM, Imami N;;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
It has been hypothesised that functional cellular immune responses induced immediately following HIV-1 infection may be preserved by early treatment with HAART during acute disease. Thus allowing eventual discontinuation of antiretroviral drug therapy and induction of long-term non-progressor (LTNP) status.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3031)
Harrer T, Bauerle M, Bergmann S, Hamacher M, Harrer EG;;;; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Introduction: Although strong CTL responses in long-term non-progressors suggest an important role of CTL, it is difficult to prove that CTL are responsible for HIV-1 suppression in vivo. Here, we report on the influence of steroid treatment on viral load and function of HIV-1-specific T-cells in an HIV-infected patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3032)
Frahm N, Woodberry T, Hraber PT, Yusim K, Henry LM, Sango K, Linde CH, Wurcel AG, Pae E, Walker BD, Korber BT, Brander C;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
The molecular structure of the peptide-binding cleft of HLA molecules largely determines the binding of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. While each HLA allele displays its specific binding motif, alleles with similar motifs can be grouped into HLA supertypes. These HLA supertypes focus on HLA class I
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3033)
Frahm N, Sango K, Linde CH, Brown NV, Wurcel AG, Pae E, Walker BD, Korber BT, Brander C;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
The comparison of the in vitro immunogenicity of clade B consensus and group M ancestral HIV peptide sequences is of major importance for the selection of a defined viral antigen sequence for vaccine design. Methods: HIV clade B infected individuals were tested by IFN-gamma Elispot assay for responses again
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3034)
Dale CJ, Smith MZ, De Rose R, Stratov I, Fernandez CS, Brooks AG, Krebs K, Riek C, Watkins DI, O'Connor DH, Kent SJ;;;; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Introduction: Successful HIV vaccines will need to induce effective CD8+ CTL. To model T cell control of HIV, we studied an immunodominant CTL response in vaccinated pigtail macaques (M. nemestrina). Methods: A 9-mer SIVgag peptide, designated KP9, was presented by >30% of outbred macaques, at levels of 0.7-9.8% of all
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3035)
Van Rie A, Madhi S, Tiemessen C, Heera J, Meddows-Taylor S, Anthony F, Wendelboe A, Violari A;;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Intrauterine HIV exposure has been associated with immunological changes in HIV uninfected infants. Little is known about TB-specific T cell responses in these infants. Methods: A cohort of 133 mother-infants pairs was followed from delivery to age 14 weeks. Information on maternal HIV infection, Niverapine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3036)
Nwoke AC;;;; AIDS Alliance in Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
Oru Refugee Camp presents a set of complex social and economic challenges to young people in the Camp. The Camp population is highly mobile and comprises a mix of different nationals from all over Africa. The youths lack basic knowledge of how HIV is transmitted, young girls in the Camp are particularly at risk
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3037)
Akioye MR;;;; Journalists action on Health, Lagos, Nigeria
Purpose: To provide an avenue for youths to meet with the aim of providing information to strengthen the prevention and control measures on HIV/AIDS/STIs pandemic through behavioural change intervention programmes. Methodology: Some high schools were selected at random in Nigeria where a health symposia were held prece
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3038)
Kantakamalakul W, Jongrakthaitae S, Ampol S, Sutthent R;;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
To avoid using radioactive chromium (51Cr), the EGFP-K562 flow cytometric assay had been developed to use as an alternative method to the chromium release assay for examining NK cell cytotoxic activity in healthy individuals. Methods: This assay was applied to determine the NK activity in 30 asymptomatic Th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3039)
D'Agostino C, Ceccarelli G, Dell'Isola S, Lichtner M, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V;;;; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
alpha-defensins are a family of antimicrobial peptides abundant in immune cells that engage in host defense contributing to the killing of microbes. Recently, it has been reported that human alpha-defensins-1-2-3 account for the anti-HIV activity of CD8 antiviral factor and seem to explain why certain peopl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3040)
Tang HL, Feng Y, Chen JP, Hei FX, Yuan L, Peng H, Hong KX, Shao YM;;;; National Center for AIDS Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Natural alpha interferon (IFN-alpha)-producing cells (IPCs) are emerging in innate immunity as a cell population specialized in secreting type 1 IFN in response to pathogens, as the front line in immune responses against pathogens and the bridge of innate and adaptive immunity. IPCs have been brought to the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3041)
Schmidt RE, Valor Mendez L, Weber K, Horvath T, Heiken H;;;; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
NK cells represent an efficient first line of defense against tumor cells and virus infections. This function is likely to be important in controlling HIV and opportunistic pathogens as well. Although a functional defect of NK cell function in late stages of HIV infection has been described, the role of NK
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3042)
Vaslin B, Blanc S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Thiebot H, Prost S, Le Grand R;;;; CEA, Service de Neurovirologie, DSV/DRM, CRSSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
Dendritic cells (DC) originate from bone marrow hematopoietic precursors (BMP). Because DCs play a major role in HIV/SIV induced pathogenesis, we studied DC ontogenesis in cynomolgus macaques chronically infected with pathogenic SIVmac251, a relevant animal model of HIV/AIDS. Methods: CD34+ BMP were enriche
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3044)
Hladik F, Sakchalathorn P, Ballweber L, Lentz G, Eschenbach D, McElrath MJ;;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
Background and methods: Sexual HIV transmission is thought to occur with the initial uptake of virions by mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), followed by the delivery of HIV to CD4+ T cells. This sequential model has arisen primarily from studies utilizing monocyte-derived DCs and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) rather tha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3045)
Nittayananta W, Coombs RW, Dale BA, Ayehunie S, Klausner M;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
As part of innate immunity, oral mucosal epithelial cells secrete a class of antimicrobial peptides termed human beta-defensins (hBD). HIV induces expression of hBD-2 and hBD-3 mRNA in human oral epithelial cells; however, the role of hBD in HIV transmission using a human oral tissue model has not been stud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3046)
Bomsel M, Tudor D, Derrien M, Drillet AS, Alfsen A, Reynes JM, Buisson Y;;;; Institut Cochin, Paris, France
Backgound: Rare individuals remaining uninfected despite unprotected sex with HIV+ partners, i.e. Highly Exposed IgG Sero-Negative (HESN), contain in their secretions anti-HIV envelope secretory IgA (S-IgA), as one of the correlate to protection. Such IgA, the major effector molecule of the mucosal immune system have b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3047)
Hladik F, Liu H, Andrus T, Nelson P, Sakchalathorn P, Lentz G, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Zhu T;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Our current understanding of sexual HIV transmission favors the initial uptake of virions by mucosal dendritic cells (DC) via C-Type lectins, most notably DC-SIGN. These DCs then deliver HIV for infection of CD4+ T cells. A close homologue of DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR, exhibits similar HIV-1 capturing capacity. It
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3048)
McCoombe SG, Cameron PU, Short RV;;;; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that circumcised men are 8 times less likely to become infected by HIV than uncircumcised men. Immunocompetent cells expressing specific HIV receptors are present in all mucosal surfaces of the penis. Once HIV binds to a receptor, the target cell then migrates to the regional lymph no
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3049)
Ibuki K, Enose Y, Miyake A, Takahashi M, Suzuki H, Horiuchi R, Saitou N, Nakasone T, Honda M, Miura T, Takahashi H, Hayami M;;;; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
GALT is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, containing the majority of lymphocytes. GALT is also an important portal of entry for HIV-1, but little is known the effects of primary HIV-1 infection on GALT. In this study, we characterized this early phase in rhesus macaques intrarectally infected with pat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3050)
Zafranskaya MM;;;; The State International Sakharov Environmental Univetrsity, Minsk, Belarus
HIV-infection is characterized by presence of paradox in cytokines production. The aim of investigation is to study of IL-1-alfa and IL-1Ra production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in HIV-infected patients and both contents in serum and urine. Materials: 46 HIV-infected patients were investigated. The 1s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3051)
Meddows-Taylor S, Schramm D, Gray GE, Kuhn L, Tiemessen CT;;;; Aids Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
The CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1ialpha, MIP-1[beta, and regulation upon activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) are the natural ligands for the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5. Despite the significant body of evidence showing the positive influence of these chemokines in the cont
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3052)
Wang xiaohui WX;;;; Shenzhen municipal center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, China
How about gene polymorphism of HIV-1 infection coreceptor affect Chinese HIV-1 carrier is unknown. So CCR5Gamma32, CCR5m303, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3 A gene polymorphism of 189 Chinese HIV-1 carrier was analyzed. Virus load of some HIV-1 carrier were assayed to find how gene polymorphism to affect the prognosis of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3053)
Herbein G, Varin A, Decrion AZ, Roques BP, Aggarwal BB;;;; Department of Virology Franche-Comte University, Besancon, France
The HIV-1 Vpr gene product is a 14 kDa virion-associated protein which is involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control, nuclear import of pre-integration complexes and transactivation of cellular and viral promoters. Most of the data obtained so far have been reported in experiments with endogenous Vpr prot
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3054)
Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Smith GH, Edwardes MD, Klein M, Gilmore N, Lalonde R;;;; Division of Hematology and Immunodeficiency Service, Montreal, Qc, Canada
IL-7 regulates the T-cell pool size and high baseline IL-7 levels predict a beneficial virological response to HAART. To explain this finding, we investigated the relationships of IL-7 with RANTES and SDF-1 because both chemokines may be involved in HIV-1 replication and disease progression. Furthermore, IL
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3055)
Reimann G, Brockmeyer NH, Kreuter A, Schlottmann R, Bader A, Hochdorfer B, Schugt I, Schmutz G, Altmeyer P;;;; And Network HIV, Department of Dermatology, Bochum, Germany
Currently available treatments of patients with HIV-1 infection use as targets two viral enzymes encoded by the transcriptase or protease genes. Combinations of three or more antiretroviral drugs (ART = antiretroviral therapy) come out with dramatic effects in prolonging survival and reducing morbidity in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3056)
Flores E, Zuniga J, Hernandez NG, Haddad A, Reyes-Teran G;;;; National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
It has been suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines may have a role in the intriguing pathogenesis of AIDS-associated wasting syndrome (WS). The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory sequences of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3057)
Margolis L, Ito Y, Grivel JC, Chen S, Kiselyeva Y, Reichelderfer P;;;; NICHD/NIH, Bethesda, United States
In infected individuals, HIV-1 exist as a swarm of quasi-species compartmentalized in tissues where individual viral variants may interact locally. The mechanisms of compartmentalization of HIV-1 quasi-species, in general, including of HIV-1 coreceptor specificity, in particular, remain unknown. Local viral
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3059)
Alonso-Lobo JM, Garcia-Moruja C, Bermejo M, Gonzalez N, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Caruz A, Alcami J;;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
To analyse the regulation of the SDF1/CXCL12 expression in different cell types and by different stimuli, including regulatory viral proteins. Methods: A fragment of 1.1 kb and different deletions of the promoter was cloned upstream luciferase reporter vector. Different cell types - fibroblasts, astrocytes,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3060)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Rodriguez A, Shor-Posner G, Hadrigan S, Acosta de Velasquez B;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Disease Prevention, Miami, United States
The present study explored the role of IL-6, a platelet growth factor, on immune markers in HIV(+) subjects with and without thrombocytopenia. Methods: 100 HIV(+) patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study between 7/2002-9/2003. The peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) stimulated production
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3061)
Temoshok LR, Wald RL, Garzino-Demo A;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States
In two previously published studies of asymptomatic persons with HIV (N = 100/200), higher levels of a coping pattern characterized by reduced recognition and expression of one s own needs and emotions (Type C) significantly predicted disease progression at 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Based on accumulating e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3062)
Gomez FA, Romero SP, Bernal JA, Ruiz P, Rosety M, Garcia-Gil D, Rivera C;;;; Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Department of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
Immune reconstitution is one of the goals of HIV treatment. IL-7 is critical for thymopoiesis and for the regulation of T cells in the periphery. An inverse correlation has been reported between plasma IL-7 and CD4 count, suggesting that IL-7 may be a part of the compensatory mechanisms of CD4 depletion. Ob
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3063)
Simonelli C, Michieli M, Bortolin MT, Sartor I, Abbruzzese L, Rupolo M, Tedeschi R, Spina M, Mazzucato M, De Paoli P, Tirelli U;;;; National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
It has been demonstrated that HAART improved the survival in HIV-patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). However, given the refractory nature of HIV-NHL, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. In our Institute refractory and or relapsed NHL and Hodgkin s lymphoma (HDL) in HIV-patients are treated with HCT followed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3064)
Pires A, Nelson M, Pozniak A, Fisher M, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N;;;; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
In late-stage HIV-1, ART does not allow restoration of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. In some cases, lack of response to other pathogens results in severe immune reconstitution disease (IRD). IL2+GM-CSF immunotherapy is being considered as an adjunct to ART in such patients. Individuals with late-stage HIV-1 on effec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3065)
Zidovec Lepej S, Begovac J, Vince A;;;; University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
The aim of our study was to compare the number/% of naïve and memory CD4+ T-cells, CD38+CD8+ T-cells and CD28+CD4+ and CD28+CD8+ T-cells in patients with advanced (baseline CD4+ count 100 cells) HIV-disease during 4 years of suppressive (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3066)
Mastroianni CM, Forcina G, dEttorre G, Andreotti M, Palmisano L, Sarmati L, Vella S, Andreoni M, Vullo V;;;; Department of infectious and tropical diseases, La Sapienza University, Viale R. Elena 331, 00161, Rome, Italy
A discordant response to HAART occurs when CD4 counts are stable or increased over time despite persistently detectable viral load (VL). Methods: We studied: A) 10 discordant patients: viral load (VL)>400 copies/ml sustained>1 year, CD4>200 cells/ml with stable/increasing trend>1 year; B) 7 responder patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3067)
Khanna N, Kaufmann G, Furrer H, Cavassini M, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Weber R, Rickenbach M, Hirschel B, Ledergerber B, Battegay M, Perrin L; Div. Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
The recovery of CD4 T-cell count in individuals treated with active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is highly variable, but mainly depends on virologic suppression and age. We analyzed the impact of individual antiretroviral drug regimens on CD4 T-cell recov
