Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1344)
Felber BK, Rosati M, Roth P, von Gegerfelt A, Alicea C, Valentin A, Franchini G, Markham P, Venzon D, Van Rompay K, Marthas ML, Pavlakis GN;;;; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
We explored further optimization of antigen presentation by DNA vaccination by testing a new generation of vaccine vectors, which produce either secreted or intracellularly degraded antigens. Methods: Viral protein genes were fused either to the secreted chemokine MCP-3 (targeting the viral proteins to the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1345)
De Rose R, Dale CJ, Stratov I, Chea S, Purcell DF, Ramshaw IA, Thomson S, Boyle DB, Coupar B, Ramsay AJ, Ffrench R, Law M, Emery S, Cooper DA, Kent SJ;;;; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
DNA/poxvirus prime/boost HIV vaccine regimens have generally proven superior to other regimens in the induction of high-level HIV-specific T cell responses. We analysed optimised HIV-1 subtype B and SHIV DNA and Fowlpoxvirus (FPV) vaccines for the induction of protective immunity. The number of vaccinations
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1346)
Ellenberger D, Wyatt L, Li B, Buge S, Lanier N, Rodriguez I, Sariol C, Martinez M, Smith J, Otten R, Kraiselburd E, Moss B, Robinson H, McNicholl J, Butera S;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Because of the broad spectrum of HIV-1 subtypes circulating in West and West-Central Africa, we evaluated the cross-subtype responses to our vaccine based on the CRF02_AG recombinant subtype. The vaccine consists of priming with plasmid DNA and boosting with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) both
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1347)
Lisziewicz J, Trocio J, Whitman L, Ryder A, Bakare N, Markham P, Lisziewicz Z, Panicali D, Lifson J, Sampa S, Letvin N, Lori F;;;; Genetic Immunity, LLC and Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy, Washington, DC, USA, Washington, DC, United States
DermaVir is a novel topical DNA vaccine expressing structural and regulatory gene products in dendritic cells (DC) that polarize naive T cells towards a Th1 response. Based on data showing that DermaVir therapeutic immunization induced T-cell mediated immune responses and inhibited viral load rebound in chr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1348)
Pantaleo G, Bart PA, Frachette MJ, Goodall RL, Khonkarly M, Legg K, Mackie N, McCormack S, Weber J;;;; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
EuroVacc is a scientific programme to design, manufacture and assess pre-clinically 7 candidate HIV vaccines, prior to conducting human and primate clinical trials. The first to emerge from this pipeline into a randomised, blinded clinical trial is NYVAC-HIVC, a recombinant NYVAC (vP866) strain with an inse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1361)
Sankale JL, Hamel DJ, Thakore S, Gueye-Ndiaye A, Eisen G, Olaleye DO, Odaibo G, Langevin S, Mani I, Essex M, Mboup S, Kanki P;;;; Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
CRF02_AG is the most common form of HIV-1 in West and Central Africa. It is important to determine the emergence of this recombinant virus from its parental subtypes (A and G) and the rate of diversification in the population since its emergence. Methods: We sequenced the C2-V3 region of the envelope glycop
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1364)
Takebe Y, Ma Y, Yang C, Yokota Y, Kusagawa S, Yang R, Xia X, Ben K, Thwe M, Aung T, Oo KY, Lwin HH;;;; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
We investigate the molecular epidemiology of HIV in Myanmar and Yunnan Province of China to study the genesis and the interrelationship of the epidemic in these two regions. Methods: Study was conducted among injecting drug users (IDUs) in two cities (Yangon and Mandalay) in Myanmar and three study sites [W
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1366)
Papuashvili MN, Morozov VA, Shcherbakova TI;;;; Advanced Medical Researches, Moscow, Russian Federation
Defective genomes (DG) are frequent in HIV-1 infected individuals with active virus replication and a high virus load. DG with large internal deletions might not be detected using HIV-1 diagnostic primers. Putative role of DG accumulating during disease progression was not investigated in details previously
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1391)
Im EJ, McMichael AJ, Hanke T;;;; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The John Radcliffe, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
The aim for an effective CTL-based HIV vaccine is the induction of broad CTL responses to reduce the chance of virus escaping recognition by our immune defense systems. However, immunodominance causes T cells to focus mainly on small numbers of dominant epitopes, rendering the majority of the other epitopes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1392)
Brander C, Frahm N, Sango K, Adams S, Pae E, Cohen D, Wurcel A, Walker BD, Marincola F;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
HLA classI alleles which share HLA binding motif characteristics can present promiscuously binding CTL epitopes. HLA alleles associated with slow or fast HIV disease progression can also share promiscuous epitopes. Such epitopes can help to address what role the epitope itself plays in determining the rate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1393)
Trocha AK, Brown NV, Frahm N, Adams S, Marincola F, Walker BD, Brander C;;;; Mass. General Hospital and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, United States
HIV-1 derived CTL epitopes have been shown to be promiscuously presented by multiple HLA class I alleles. Epitopes that are shared by HLA-A, -B and -C alleles could be employed to assess the effect that Nef-mediated HLA classI down-regulation has on the ability of CTL to inhibit viral replication. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1394)
Ferrari G, Betts MR, Exley B, Teaberry V, Price DA, Tomaras G, Douek D, Roederer M, Koup RA, Weinhold K, Goepfert P;;;; Vaccine Research Center/NIH, Bethesda, United States
We examined the HLA-B27 restricted anti-p24 263-272 (KK10) CD8+ T cell response induced by a HIV recombinant canarypox vaccine (vCP205, AVEG trial 202) in a vaccine recipient who became HIV infected two years post immunization (HOPO). Methods: The anti-KK10 response in HOPO was compared to those detected in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1395)
Horton H;;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
Antiviral CD8+ T cells exert a major role in controlling HIV1 infection and many preventive vaccine strategies are designed to elicit these cells. As chronic disease ensues, HIV1 specific T cells typically become functionally impaired, but it is not known if this is the case in those elicited by vaccination
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1396)
MacDonald KS, Su J, Luscher MA, Xiong Y, Li B, Amara RR, Robinson HL;;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
SIV infection in the rhesus macaque is an important model for the study of the immunodeficiency virus infections. Prime/boost immunized SHIV-infected animals that effectively controlled viral replication over time were examined to determine the breadth and magnitude of CTL responses, and the relationship of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1397)
Zeichner S, Krishnan V;;;; HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, United States
To better understand cellular machinery involved in HIV lytic replication and latency, we studied cellular gene expression before and during reactivation and completion of the lytic viral cycle in HIV-1 chronically infected cells. Methods: Cellular gene expression profiles were examined with cDNA ~10K eleme
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1398)
Thierry SG, Marechal V, Rosenzwajg M, Nicolas JC, Gozlan J;;;; UMR 7079, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
In HIV-1 infected cells, a cell cycle arrest in G2, notably induced by the viral protein Vpr, increases viral expression and may represent a strategy for the virus to optimise its expression. In latently infected cells, balance between viral silencing and reactivation relies on the nucleosomal organization
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1399)
McGrath MS, Yu S, Jin X, Reis J, Lamers S;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Viral reservoirs, such as the brain, signify a major obstacle in eradicating HIV infection. The evolution of HIV-1 in the brain is distinct from that in other lymphoid tissues in that brain-derived viruses are always macrophage (MO) tropic and primarily use the CCR5 co-receptor for virus entry. These viruse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1400)
Koelsch K, Camposs-Soto P, Little S, Ignacio C, Havlir D, Young K, Shafer R, Robbins G, D'Aquila R, Haubrich R, Richman D, Spina C, Wong J;;;; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
In HIV-1 infected patients HAART can lead to virus suppression (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1401)
Rusconi S, Bulgheroni E, Citterio P, Lo Cicero M, Soster F, Vigano O, Croce F, Sutton L, D'Aquila RT, Galli M, De Pasquale MP;;;; University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Although is not surprising that viral rebound occurs in HIV-infected patients (pts) after discontinuation of HAART, the source of plasma rebounding virus remains uncertain. We examined the rebounding virus in plasma after interruption of HAART in 4 chronically infected individuals in whom successful suppres
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1402)
Cassol E, Page T, Mosam A, Cassol S, Jack C, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Coovadia HM;;;; HIV Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
A potential confounder of antiretroviral therapy in Africa is the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and opportunistic infections (OIs). OI-induced activation has the potential to alter the kinetics of HIV-1 clearance by increasing viral replication and target cell availability. Methods: Plasma viral load
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1406)
Alfonzo R, Garcia NA, Weidenfeld J, Ochoa R, La Cruz MJ;;;; Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been considered pandemic since the 1980 s, in part due to the multiple forms of transmission of which one of the most important is anal sex. Several studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of coinfection with Human Papilloma Virus (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1408)
Arendt G, Haslinger BA, Koller H, von Giesen HJ, Antke C, Wittsack HJ;;;; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1-infection is not yet totally clarified. During the last years, there have been achieved advances, for example, growing knowledge on CCR5 co-receptor use of the thus called R5 virus variants. But the relevant molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. The question is, whether neu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1427)
Choopanya K, Tappero JW, Pitisuttithum P, Suntharasamai P, Kaewkungwal J, Vanichseni S, Martin M, Hu D, Sangkum U, Vimutisunthorn E, Natrujirote P, Heyward W, van Griensven F, Kitayaporn D;;;; Bangkok Vaccine Evaluation Group, Bangkok, Thailand
The world s first phase III HIV vaccine trial in Asia was successfully completed in June 2003 in Thailand . Methods: The HIV vaccine trial started in March 1999. The trial was a collaborative effort involving the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, the Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Mahidol Uni
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1440)
Miyake A, Ibuki K, Enose Y, Suzuki H, Horiuchi R, Saito N, Nakasone T, Honda M, Miura T, Hayami M;;;; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Information on virological events soon after HIV infection is important for vaccine study but limited. In this study, we examined the virus distribution and replication in various tissues within one month after mucosal infection using SHIV-macaque model. Methods: Adult and newborn rhesus macaques were inocu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1441)
Sodora DL, Milush JM, Kosub D, Schmidt K, Scott F, Brown C, Westmoreland S, Marthas M;;;; University of Texas Southwestern Med. Center, Dallas, United States
Development of an HIV vaccine capable of preventing mucosal transmission relies on a thorough understanding of the earliest events post-infection. The majority of HIV infections occur via transmission of the virus across a mucosal surface as occurs during oral transmission following both mother-to-child and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1442)
Flory E, Sanzenbacher R, Tschulena U, Plesker R, Coulibaly C, Raupp S, Wenig R, Cichutek K;;;; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
In this study, we analyzed the physiological role of a so far functionally not characterized domain within the viral accessory protein Nef. Interestingly, this conserved domain is also defective in many strains of HIV long-term survivors. On the molecular level, it has been shown for HIV-1 Nef that this dom
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrA1443)
Muthukumar A, Zhou D, Milush J, Paiardini M, Barry A, McClure H, Staprans S, Feinberg M, Silvestri G, Sodora DL;;;; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
The infection of the natural host species, sooty mangabeys, with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsmm) is characterized by high viral loads and the absence of simian AIDS. In contrast, cross-species transmission of this virus to rhesus macaques (SIVmac) results in CD4 depletion and simian AIDS. Our goal is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1349)
Teeraratkul A, Chalermchokcharoenkit A, Asavapiriyanont S, Chotpitayasunondh T, Vanprapa N, Chaowanachan T, Mock P, Culnane M, Tappero J;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
A decrease in MTCT by adding single dose intrapartum/infant nevirapine ( NVP ) to the short course zidovudine (ZDV) regimen was recently reported. This substudy describes maternal viral load (VL) response after taking and stopping ZDV+NVP and the risk of i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1350)
Sawe FK, Foglia G, Ngeno CH, Birx D, Robb M;;;; United States Army Medical Research Unit, Kericho, Kenya
Less than 1% of pregnant women in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) have access to PMTCT services yet it accounts for more than 90% of all children that were infected through MTCT of HIV infections in the world. Insufficient capacity of health sectors are major obstacles to PMTCT service delivery in many countries. Descr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1351)
Hlatshwayo N, Hislop MS, Cotton M, Maartens G, Regensberg LD;;;; Aid for AIDS (Pty)Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa
Aid for AIDS is a private sector HIV/AIDS disease management programme operating in Southern Africa. The objective of this study was to document experience with different MTCTP protocols in a managed healthcare setting. Methods: Data was from the confidential AfA database. Records were extracted for mothers
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1352)
Cressey TR, Kunkeaw S, Ruttana-Aroongorn PN, Jungpichanvanich S, Techapalokul S, Gomuthbutra V, Atthakorn W, Seubmongkolchai S, Jourdain G, Lallemant MJ;;;; Harvard School of Public Health/IRD054/Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
A single 200 mg dose of NVP during labor has been shown to be effective for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, but HIV resistance mutations to NVP are observed in the following weeks to months in a significant number of women. This study aimed to determining the length of time during whi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1353)
Morris L, Martinson N, Pillay C, Moodley D, Chezzi C, Lupondwana P, Ntsala M, Cohen S, Puren A, Sullivan J, Gray G, McIntyre J;;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
We reported previously that 39.4% of women develop nevirapine ( NVP ) resistance mutations 7 weeks after a single dose of NVP used to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Here we present the data from the same cohort followed to 6 months.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1354)
Joao EC, Calvet GA, Menezes JA, Salgado LT, D'Ippolito MM, Silva SS, Cruz ML, Braga RC, Matos H;;;; Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Toxicity of nevirapine ( NVP ) has been reported in women with an overall risk higher than in men, but the rate has not been established in pregnant women. The most common toxicity of NVP is rash, usually in the first 4 weeks.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1355)
Pierone G, Cho N, Norconk J, Hatten P, Mieras J, Kantor C, Bulgin-Coleman D, Shearer J, Platt B;;;; AIDS Research and Treatment Center of the Treasure Coast, Ft. Pierce, United States
Protease inhibitor (PI)-based HAART has been associated with higher rates of insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia than NNRTI-based therapy. A concern is PI-based therapy may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) measure
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1356)
Noor MA, Mulvey R, Wang S, Elosua C, Wang F, Parker RA, Flint OP;;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, United States
Treatment of HIV with some protease inhibitor (PI) drugs is associated with metabolic complications including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A proposed mechanism is by blockade of insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4). Atazanavir (ATV) is a new PI that is not associated with insu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1357)
Blanco JL, Biglia A, Martinez E, Domingo P, Casamitjana R, Milinkovik A, Leon A, Garcia M, Murillas J, Laguno M, Lonca M, Larrousse M, Gatell JM;;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
The pathogenesis of gynecomastia in HIV-infected male adults is unclear. Methods: Consecutive HIV-infected male adults from two Barcelona( Spain ) Hospitals were clinically evaluated for breast enlargement. Random asymptomatic controls without gynecomastia were also recruited in a 1:1 fashion. Gynecomastia
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1358)
Mary-Krause M, Roudiere L, Billaud E, Simon A, Poizot-Martin I, Costagliola D;;;; Inserm EMI 0214, Paris, France
Osteonecrosis has been increasingly associated with HIV disease throughout the 1990s. But, in the current context of side effects of antiretroviral treatments, it is important to study the incidence of osteonecrosis to evaluate if there is an association with exposure to HAART treatment. Methods: The French
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1359)
Suy A, Coll O, Martinez E, Lonca M, de Lazzari E, Pisa S, Larrouse M, Milinkovic A, Hernandez S, Blanco JL, Mallolas J, Garcia F, Miro JM, Cararach V, Vanrell JA, Gatell JM;;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
We have recently detected an increasing number of pre-eclampsia (PE) and fetal death (FD) in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aimed to study the incidence and the risk for PE and FD in HIV-infected women. Methods: All pregnant women with available data d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1360)
Shlay JC, Visnegarwala F, Bartsch G, Wang J, Peng G, El-Sadr W, Gibert C, Kotler D, Grunfeld C, Raghavan S;;;; Denver Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
No randomized controlled trials have prospectively compared body composition and metabolic changes in thymidine analogue-sparing regimens vs. thymidine-analogue containing regimens. Methods: In a nested substudy of an ongoing multi-center randomized controlled trial of patients initiating antiretroviral the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1373)
Mayer KH, Maslankowski L, El-Sadr W, Justman J, Masse B, Hendrix C, Rooney J, Kwiecien A, Soto-Torres L;;;; Miriam Hospital/Brown University, Providence, United States
To determine the highest tolerated combination of either 0.3% or 1% tenofovir gel (TFV) applied once or twice daily for two weeks in low-risk, sexually abstinent and active HIV(-) and then in abstinent and active HIV (+) women. TFV gel pharmacokinetics (PK) and effects on genital HIV shedding were also stud
In phase II trials Carraguard use has been shown to be safe and acceptable in women. To evaluate safety and acceptability among heterosexual couples, we conducted a six-month, randomized, triple-blinded trial of Carraguard (3% carrageenan) compared to 2.5% methyl cellulose placebo in Chiang Rai,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1403)
Wolf T, Chow K, Mitrou P, Helm E, Mantzsch K, Brodt H;;;; Hospital of the JWG University, Frankfurt, Germany
Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma is an AIDS-defining disease. A retrospective analysis has been performed in order to determine the impact that HAART has made on incidence, prognosis and risk factors of ARL. We collected data 214 cases of ARL treated at our centre from 1984 to May 2003 and analyzed it using the Kapla
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1404)
Simonelli C, Spina M, Vaccher E, Rossi G, Jaeger U, Sparano J, Tirelli U;;;; National Cancer Center, Aviano (PN), Italy
Recent data suggest that the combination of rituximab plus chemotherapy (CT) is more effective than CT alone in the treatment of high grade NHL. With the aim to evaluate the efficacy and activity of combining infusional CDE plus rituximab, in June 1998 we started a phase II study using infusional CDE (cyclophosphamide
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1405)
Gichangi P, Estambale B, Bwayo J, Rogo K, Opiyo A, Njuguna E, Abwao H, Ojwang S, Temmerman M;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Cervical cancer patients with concurrent HIV infection have a short survival of about 10-months despite appropriate treatment. It is ill understood how HIV infection confers such as adverse effect on treatment outcome of cervical cancer. To determine external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treatment ou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1407)
Lee A, Young T, Hanks D, Ung R, Stansell J;;;; Positive Health Program/San Francisco General Hospital/University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
Introduction: Anal cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect HIV-infected individuals. Methods: At the Positive Health Program at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), we have been screening HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with anal PAP since June 2001. Those with abnormal anal PAP findings wer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrB1410)
Castilla J, del Romero J, Hernando V, Marincovich B, Garcia S, Rodriguez C;;;; Instituto de Salud Publica, Navarra, Spain
Reduction of infectivity among individuals who receive HAART has not been fully established in sexual transmission, in spite of the important influence it could have on the course of the pandemic. We aim to assess the effectiveness of HAART in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. Methods: Case-control
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1343)
Shao Y, Li H, Liu Y, Tang H, Zhang R, Liu Y, Peng H, Duan D, Hong K;;;; Division of Virology and Immunology, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
The relatively weak immunogenicity limits the widespread application of DNA vaccine. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a 72-bp element from SV40 enhancer has any effect on the magnitude and balance of the immune responses induced by DNA vaccine when this element is incorporated into the pl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1362)
Kalish ML, Pieniazek D, Robbins KE, Schaefer A, Nzilambi N, Quinn TC, St ME;;;; Louis, A.S. Youngpairoj, H.W. Jaffe, M.A. Rayfield, T.M. Folks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Most of our knowledge of the global HIV epidemic has come from phylogenetic analysis of full or partial genome sequences derived from recently collected blood samples. To gain a clearer understanding of the evolutionary history of HIV, we analyzed serum samples from West and Central Africa collected in the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1363)
Easterbrook PJ, Aggarwal I, Smith M, Tatt I, Murad S; King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
An increasing proportion of new HIV diagnoses in the UK, and other European countries are due to non-B subtype infection, mainly among black Africans with infections heterosexually acquired in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined whether there was evidence for ongoing transmission of non-B subtypes within an eth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1365)
Carr JK, Montano SM, Laguna-Torres VA, Olson JG, Avila MM, Sanchez J, Sanchez GI, Andrade R, Aguayo N, Birx DL, Sanchez JL;;;; Henry M Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in South America is complex and has begun to be described only very recently. Unique recombinants of subtypes B and F have been found primarily in Argentina , as well as one circulating recombinant form (CRF12_BF). These have been preferentially associated with heterosexu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1367)
Valleroy LA, MacKellar D, Behel S, Secura G;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and also women are a bridge for HIV between MSM and women. In 2 samples of young MSM, we investigate the prevalence of sex with women, and the traits and risk behaviors of MSM who have sex with women. Methods: The Young Men s Survey (YMS) was a cross-sectional sample survey o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1368)
Lum PJ, Cohan D, Davidson P, Wirengard Y, Klausner J;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
HIV transmission is primarily sexual in MSM-IDU, and concurrent STIs can increase HIV transmission. Younger MSM-IDU may be at higher risk of HIV infection, but the epidemiological relationship between HIV and other STIs in this population has not been described. Methods: An ongoing cohort study of 200 young
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1369)
Hernandez A, Madhivanan P, Stein ES, Ekstrand ML, Paul S, Setia M, D'Souza B, Mathur M, Jerajani HR, Gogate A, Lindan CP;;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
By the year 2002, India had an estimated 4.6 million people with HIV and the majority of these infections were due to sexual transmission. Gender of partner, however, is not specified. We evaluated men who had sex with women to determine the extent to which they also had sex with other men and hijras (male-
Transmission of HIV from IDUs to their sexual partners is rarely addressed in targeted interventions for IDUs. Sexually transmitted infections are known to enhance HIV transmission, however little is known about their prevalence and contribution to HIV transmission from and to drug users. The objectives of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1371)
Smolskaya T, Rusakova M, Tsekhanovich A, Yakovleva A, Tretyakova V, Piskarev I;;;; Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Our cross-sectional study was focused on HIV prevalence and risks related to HIV infection and spread among female street commercial sex workers (CSWs) in five districts of Saint Petersburg. Methods: The CSWs were contacted by the mobile unit of the prevention programme providing help to street CSWs. The st
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1372)
Gutierrez JP, Molina D, Bertozzi SM;;;; Division of Health Economics and Policy, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
The Ecuadorian HIV epidemic is, as in many other Latin-American countries, concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM). With an adult prevalence of only 0.3%, Ecuador had reported prevalence about 15% among MSM. Methods: As a part of the evaluation of the Frontiers Prevention Project (FPP), a compreh
In preparation for microbicide trials, we assessed attitudes of men to determine factors affecting their willingness to support trial participation by their female partners. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in Francistown and Gaborone, Botswana to elicit barriers and facilitators of s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1376)
van der Straten A, Kang MS, Buck J, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Chipato T, Posner SF, Padian N;;;; Department of OBGYN, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
The diaphragm is being evaluated as a barrier method against HIV/STIs. Although it is female-controlled , partner acceptance and involvement may nevertheless be necessary for some women. We assessed quantitatively and qualitatively male partner involvement among women in a diaphragm acceptability study in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1409)
Kiene SM, Fisher JD, Cornman D, Friedland G, Moll A;;;; Center for Health/ HIV Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
A significant minority of HIV+ individuals (30%) engage in sexual activities that place others at risk for HIV infection and themselves at risk for infection with other pathogens. Reducing HIV-risk behavior among HIV+ persons constitutes a highly efficient avenue of prevention. Recent data in a western populati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1411)
Myers T, Allman D, Remis R, Calzavara L, Ennis M, Maxwell J, Swantee C, Travers R;;;; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Dept. of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
To explore predictors of discrepancies between self-reported HIV status and saliva test results focusing specifically on men who indicated that they tested HIV negative at their last HIV test. Methods: An anonymous, self-completed cross-sectional survey with optional collection of a saliva sample for HIV te
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1414)
Shisana O, Simbayi L, Zuma K, Rehle T;;;; HSRC, Cape Town, South Africa
Testing has been placed at the centre of HIV/AIDS prevention and care efforts and knowledge of serostatus is considered to be instrumental in reducing the spread of infection. The underlying assumption of this approach is that knowledge of HIV serostatus may lead to safer preventive practices. In this study
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1415)
Farquhar C, Kiarie JN, Richardson BA, Kabura MN, John FN, Nduati RW, Mbori-Ngacha DA, John-Stewart GC;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Women who learn that they are HIV-infected often do not implement interventions to prevent vertical HIV-1 transmission. Conducting voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) for pregnant women together with partners may improve maternal access to mother-to-child HIV-1 prevention interventions by facilitatin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1416)
Tchendjou P, Gake B, Tsague L, Tejiokem M, Ahidjo A, Choundong V, Kamga L, Titcheu F, Nga R, Njom Nlend A, Zekeng L, Thonnon J;;;; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Garoua, Cameroon
Lack of health education in the peri-urban milieu causes a decreased or non use of ANC services, hence many women are not sensitized against AIDS and can therefore not benefit from the interventions of the PMTCT programme. Our objective was to study the impact of counselling in the labour room amongst women
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1417)
Koulinska IN, Villamor E, Msamanga GI, Fawzi WW, Renjifo B, Essex M;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, United States
HIV-1 transmission by breastfeeding is associated with high viral and proviral load in milk. Although cell numbers in milk tend to decrease over time, a constant risk of HIV infection has been reported between 6 weeks and 24 months postpartum. Relative transmission rates of free virus and infected cells mig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1418)
Kafulafula G, Martinson F, Msamanga G, Sinkala M;;;; College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
Antibiotics to reduce chorioamnionitis-associated mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV were tested in a randomized, double-blinded, Phase III trial. Methods: Eligible HIV-infected women in Malawi (Blantyre, Lilongwe); Tanzania (Dar es Salaam); and Zambia (Lusaka)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1419)
Thorne C, Newell ML; Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
The elective caesarean section (CS) rate in the European Collaborative Study (ECS) rose to 30% in the mid-1990s with the finding of the protective effect of elective CS in reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The approximate halving of MTCT risk with elective CS was confirmed in a clinical trial in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1420)
Taha TE, Nour S, Kumwenda NI, Broadhead RL, Fiscus SA, Kafulafula G, Nkhoma C, Chen S, Hoover DR;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Several studies have reported on rates of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and risk factors associated with transmission. However, if gender of the offspring increases susceptibility to infection is not known. We investigated gender-specific rates of MTCT of HIV among babies born to HIV infected m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1421)
Ruberantwari AJ, Nakiyingi J, Mbulaiteye SM, Biraro SJ, Kamali A, Grosskurth H;;;; Medical Research Council (UK) Programme on AIDS/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
Three decades since the HIV epidemic was first described, it continues to expand most in sub-saharan Africa at an alarming rate. In Uganda , encouraging declines in HIV incidence and prevalence have been reported. Infection rates declined significantly in a rural population in southwest Uganda observed over
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1422)
Sakarovitch C, Msellati P, Leroy V, Becquet L, Atta H, Viho I, Ouassa T, Welffens-Ekra C, Dabis F, Alioum A;;;; Unite EMI INSERM 03 38, Unite INSERM 593, Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France
Incidence of HIV infection is a key indicator for the planning and evaluation of national AIDS control programs, but direct measures are difficult to obtain in Africa. By contrast, seroprevalence data on specific sentinel groups such as pregnant women are widely available. We estimate incidence of HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1423)
Des Jarlais DC, Perlis TE, Torian LV, Arasteh K, Beatrice S, Milliken J, Mildvan D, Yancovitz S, Friedman S;;;; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, United States
Evaluation of community-level HIV prevention is typically very difficult and very expensive. The Serologic Test Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS, detuned assay ) permits estimating HIV incidence from cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys. STARHS was used to measure HIV incidence among injecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1424)
Saphonn V, Parekh BS, Dobbs T, Mean CV, Ly PS, Sopheab H, Detels R;;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
The prevalence of HIV infection was used to monitor the HIV epidemic in Cambodia . Recently, a testing strategy which can differentiate recent from long-term HIV infection has become available. Incidence of HIV infection can then be estimated and dynamic of HIV epidemic Cambodia can be explored. Methods: Al
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1425)
Song R;;;; Centers for disease control and prevention, Atlanta, United States
Two estimation methods are widely used in estimating HIV incidence density. One is the cohort-based Kittayaporn method that apportions seroconverters and person-time across calendar years. The other is the well-known STARHS method that uses a less-sensitive test to identify a recent seroconversion. Both met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1426)
Kumwenda NI, Kelly C, Hoffman I, Chirenje M, Coletti A, Ristow A, Martinson F, Brown J, Richardson B, Chilongozi D, Padian N, Taha T;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to reduce heterosexual HIV transmission (microbicides, treatment of STIs, promotion of behavior change, and vaccines) are being planned. Design and monitoring of these trials will require knowledge of baseline HIV incidence. We conducted a multisite
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1428)
Rerks-Ngarm S, Pittisutthithum P, Nitayaphan S, Brown AE, Kitayaporn D, Gurunathan S, Heyward W, McNeil J;;;; Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
The world s first community-based, phase III HIV vaccine trial began in Thailand in late 2003. This is being carried out through the infrastructure of the Ministry of Public Health, augmented by Mahidol University and supported by the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences. Objectives: determin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1429)
Lee ES;;;; AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition, New York, United States
Recently concerns have been raised that public support of HIV vaccine research is lessened by the conduct of large scale trials of products that fail to prevent HIV infection. Yet when examining the impact of the AIDSVAX trials, community involvment and awareness of HIV vaccine research increased. This abstract
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1430)
Vickerman PT, Foss AM, Watts CH, Rowley J;;;; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Concern has been raised that after vaccine introduction people may increase their sexual risk behaviour. This study uses a mathematical model to identify the boundary threshold where the protective effect of a vaccine is counter-balanced by increases in risk due to changes in sexual risk behaviour following
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1431)
Excler JL;;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New Delhi, India
Over 4.58 million people have been HIV-infected in India at the end of 2002. High prevalence rates of HIV infection are reported from southern and northeastern Indian states. AIDS vaccines are considered as a long-term prevention tool to stop the epidemic. Steps were taken to define the feasibility of condu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrC1432)
Lampinen TM, Chan KJ, Logue K, Vincelette J, Hogg RS, Remis RS, Willoughby B, Linnen K, Roy JL, McLean N, Popovic V;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
To estimate HIV incidence at 36 months among Canadian trial participants in the first phase III HIV preventive vaccine efficacy trial. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-year study to evaluate efficacy of the bivalent rgp120/HIV-1 vaccine (AIDSVAX™ B/B) to prevent sexually transmi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrD1379)
Narangui H, Ndolo C, Crosskey AF;;;; Save the Children, Nairobi, Kenya
In June 2000, national HIV prevalence rates in Kenya were 14%, rising to 30% in some rural areas. In addition to this, 56% of Kenya s population (including 8.6. million children) are living below the poverty line. In an attempt to understand the impact that HIV/AIDS is having on child poverty, Save
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrD1380)
Pope P, Steinitz LY;;;; Family Health International, Windhoek, Namibia
As HIV and AIDS affects all aspects of the human condition, so does the vulnerability of children affected by this disease. As with a traditional three-legged pot, the ability of children to cope depends on a tri-partite focus on health-related, economic, and psychosocial issues. Too often, however, psychosocia
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrD1381)
Constantin AM, Kline M, Rashmi G, Ghosh S, Kurup A, Bajpai D, Foster G, Bhatt P, Richardson J;;;; Centrul de Copii Romano-American, Constanta, Romania
Many responses to children affected by HIV/AIDS (CABA) do not initially include psychosocial support (PSS) activities. What factors lead to the recognition by implementers of the need to establish PSS? What is the nature of PSS activities? What are the benefits of PSS interventions? Step Forward,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrD1383)
Sebuliba I, Coutihno AG, Nabiryo C;;;; The AIDS Support Organisation TASO, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda has about 1.8 million orphans and The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) with in its resources developed projects to help with the situation. Some of the impacts of HIV on children include: - loss of family and identity, exposure to HIV/AIDS, loss of inheritance and loss of health care including immunizati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrD1384)
Schierhout G, Kinghorn A, Govender R, Johnson S, Mungani J, Morley P;;;; Health and Development Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
It is widely recognised that HIV and AIDS may disadvantage childrens education in severely affected countries, but quantitative data demonstrating effects and children at risk are scant. The main objective of this study was to investigate associations between chronic illness and death in the household and s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrD1412)
Bateganya MH, Kityo C, Mugyenyi P, Mayanja H, Serwadda D;;;; Makerere University Institute of Public Health/CDC/Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda
More than 80% of the worlds HIV infected patients reside in Sub-Saharan Africa. The infectious pool is enormous and the potential for further transmission of HIV arising from the sexual behavior of those who already know their status cannot be overlooked. We studied the sexual behavior of HIV positive patie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1377)
Lince N, Montgomery E, Naidoo S, Backes K, Harrison T, Ramjee G, Dinat N, Chipato T, Padian N;;;; Ibis Reproductive Health, Cambridge, United States
The number of female-controlled methods for prevention of HIV/AIDS is limited. Currently available methods, like diaphragms, are being evaluated to see if they can prevent HIV. The Methods for Reproductive Health in Africa (MIRA) study is an ongoing randomized controlled trial of 4500 women in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1378)
Mabasa S, Madondile N, Nsaluba A;;;; MSF, Lusikisiki, South Africa
HIV prevention is key to sustainable mass ARV intervention. 98% of South African adults are aware that unprotected sex leads to HIV/AIDS. Yet condom usage is low, and 1500 new infections occur daily. This is often interpreted as knowledge not translating to practice. However a real problem is a lack of availabi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1382)
Ahimbisibwe T, Witter SN, Calder G, Webb D;;;; Save the Children (UK), Kampala, Uganda
From 1991-6 Save the Children UK ran a project in Rakai, Uganda , to support children made vulnerable by AIDS, poverty and conflict. It was considered to be highly succesful, but funding was stopped in 1996 and the project ended. The objective of this study was to revisit the site after a gap of 7 years, to ass
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1385)
Ainsworth M;;;; World Bank, Washington, D.C., United States
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of national HIV/AIDS programs are important for accountability, improved project management, and cost-effectiveness. They also can be used to raise government commitment: Monitoring trends in HIV prevalence and risk behavior can be a powerful tool to launch public action
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1386)
Johnson S, Skenjana T, Delany A, Russell B, Goldstein S;;;; Health and Development Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
HIV/AIDS Communication needs to evolve as the HIV and AIDS epidemics evolve. In South Africa there has been a need to shift from traditional messages around HIV prevention to include campaigns focused on stigma, care and support, and to promote new government programmes. The South African Government commissione
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1387)
Saggurti N, Garimella RR, Singh SK;;;; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
The increasing burden of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has putforth new challenges for public health in India . Realising its acceleration, the three AIDS control societies in Maharashtra, the western part of India have funded more than 60 AIDS prevention and service projects in different distri
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1388)
Amornwichet P, Kanshana S, Naiwatanakul T, Teeraratkul A, Culnane M, Ngamsiriudom B, Woramongkol N, Levine WC, Simonds RJ, Tappero JW;;;; Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Thailand s program for prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) was implemented in 2000. The program includes routine voluntary counseling and testing for all pregnant women, antepartum (AP) and intrapartum (IP) zidovudine (ZDV) from 34 weeks (wks) gestation for HIV-infected women, infant ZDV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1389)
Agins BD, Heiner KW, Bagley A, Feldman IS, Ferguson W, Carrino G, Weinberg PG, Birkhead GS;;;; New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute, New York, United States
Introduction of HAART therapy in 1996 prompted concerns about equality of access by different groups including substance users, different race/ethnicity groups and women. Analysis of patients insured through either Medicaid or the AIDS Drug Assistance Program was conducted to determine the rate and extent o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1390)
Rhucharoenpornpanich O, Lewluck W, Lewluck C, Satienthamawit W, Borwornnathadech W, Borsombat K, Khamcharoen D, Chatboonkert C, Rodraksa T, Chaiposri P, Thanarujiwong U;;;; AIDS Control Division,Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
The HIV/AIDS situation in Bangkok is particularly critical in dense communities, with no effective programs to mobilize community response. People in these communities are more concerned about drug abuse, their deteriorating environment, crime and Dengue Fever, than they are about AIDS. Bangkok Met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1413)
Rodriguez-Madera SL, Toro-Alfonso J, Acosta-Perez E, Ruiz-Torres Y, Rodriguez-Acevedo A, Rodriguez-Ramirez H;;;; Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, Puerto Rico
New USA policy emphasizes that prevention efforts must target HIV+ people and highly-risk populations for testing and treatment. SAFE (Seropositive Approach to Fighting the Epidemic) has the objective of identifying PLWHA at early stages and provide them with access to care as a meaningful way to prevent fu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1433)
Dutta S, Nyaga J, Ofosu-Amaah AW, Cruz MT;;;; World Bank, Washington, DC, United States
Constraints in expanding coverage of evidence-based, prevention, care, and treatment services in many Eastern and Southern African countries can be seen to derive heavily from human resource capacity gaps, instead of merely from financial resource limitations. Although human capacity development among health pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1434)
Maimane AS;;;; Hivan, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
Thousands of unemployed South Africans are working as volunteer community health workers (CHWs) for no pay and no training. They play a key role in AIDS-care, particularly in remote rural areas, closing the wide gap between health systems and grassroots communities. This paper examines the working condition
The education sector has not been spared the effects of the AIDS epidemic. It affects not only the enrollment of students at schools but also depletes the human resources, namely teachers. Teachers have been known to have the greatest impact on the lives of the children. Therefore, they too need to be adequ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1436)
Hadi N, Lemouchoux CH;;;; The Asian Harm Reduction Network, Jakarta, Indonesia
Offical estimates suggest that between 124,000 and 196,000 Indonesians are injecting drugs. National estimates indicate that 43000 IDUs are already infected by HIV, and that the number of injecting drug users living with HIV has doubled in 2003, accounting for more than 80% of new infections nationwide. In 2003
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1437)
Soulama K, Ouatara A, Bassonon D, Some PA, Millogo B, Van Renterghem H;;;; IPC/BF, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Generally, HIV/AIDS raises difficult and personal issues related to people s health, sentimental life, and sexuality. Involving people living with HIV/AIDS physically and intellectually through discussion groups may contribute to alleviate HIV s psychological and social impacts, and improve the quality of life
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1438)
Bodolan M;;;; ARAS, Bucharest, Romania
Romania was one of the first CEE countries to be hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, concentrated among children. The first cases were discovered in 1990, immediately after the fall of the communism. In response to this growing epidemic and to the feeble government s reaction, a group of individuals founded ARAS - th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1444)
Ayres JR, Della Negra M, Franca Junior I, Galano E, Gravato N, Lacerda R, Lecussan P, Marques HH, Paiva V, Segurado A, Silva M;;;; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Due to free access to HAART, a new reality is now challenging AIDS policies and programs in Brazil : the number of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS is progressively increasing. Specific health care needs, support for personal development, social inclusion, and affectionate and sexual relationships in the co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1445)
Smith AM, Dolan M, Maher J, Simmons J;;;; CAFOD, London, United Kingdom
Discussions of HIV prevention strategies tend to place protagonists in pro-condom or abstinence/fidelity only diametrically opposed groups. Debates become polarised & confrontational. Political, religious, ideological & sexual health agendas become confused. Complex issues requiring a sophisticated rang
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1446)
Yang J, Qi A, Wang Z, Luo C, Tang C;;;; Futures Group Europe, Chengdu, China
Sustainability is political as well as financial and managerial. Political sustainability is a major concern for AIDS interventions in China . After crackdowns, the sex trade outside of Chengdu (a provincial capital in southwest China) is more covert, and interventions are more difficult. Identification of fact
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1447)
Nyaruhirira I, Schocken CM;;;; Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
As large HIV/AIDS care programs are implemented in Rwanda , the Government desires a transparent process that allows all people to equitably access services. It is also concerned that the quality and level of care be standardized. Rwanda recently adopted a national policy covering training of healt
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1448)
Capstick S, Warwick Z;;;; ACHAP, Tutume, Botswana
Botswana has the highest prevalence of HIV in the world. In 2001 the Botswana Government together with African Community HIV and AIDS partnership (ACHAP) made the commitment to provide free ARV therapy to HIV positive citizens of Botswana. Given the high prevalence of HIV, the low doctor to patient ratio and ge
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThOrE1449)
Hader SL, Halpert P, Fussell M, Sullivan J, Weisenfeld P;;;; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
Often, international agencies contribute to national public health initiatives by supporting separate sites or complementary programs. As US Government Agencies, DHHS/CDC and USAID have a unique relationship and opportunity for close collaboration. In Zimbabwe , this collaboration has been defined by areas of c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6928)
Nunez M, Benito JM, Lopez M, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Apoptosis has been proposed as a mechanism of CD4 depletion in HIV infection. On the other hand, increased lymphocyte apoptosis has been reported in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected subjects. HCV/HIV-co-infected patients may show increased lymphocyte apoptosis with respect to HIV-monoinfected individuals, w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6929)
Ullah AKM Ahsan M;;;; Applied Social Studies, City University Of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
Sex, one of the primary ways that HIV/AIDS is transmitted fastest in third world countries. Sex workers (SW), at greater risk for the pandemic, are on increase to meet the high demand in sex market. This paper explores the risk behaviors and the vulnerabilities of the CSWs and their clients to HIV/AIDS. A total of 412
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6930)
Nicol AF, Fernandes AT, Grienstzen B, Russomano F, Tristao A, Lapa-Silva JR, Martinez-Maza O, Nuovo JG, Bonecini-Almeida MG;;;; Fiocruz-IPEC-Lab. Imunologia, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
It is well known that human papilloma virus ( HPV ) is a main etiologic agent of cervical cancer, the second most frequent cancer in woman worldwide. HIV-1 infection has become the major factor in the epidemiology of AIDS and is often associated with HPV-related lesions in the female genital tract.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6931)
Nyagbe N;;;; Association Ile de Developpement(AIDE), lome, Togo
The pratice of excision is a traditional practice and compulsory in some ethenic groups in Togo . The different types of feminine genital mutilationsAblation of the skin fold beyond the clitorisAblation of the clitoris and partial or total ablation of the small labia. The infibrulation, the most severe form of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6932)
Dotsu D;;;; Association Ile de Developpement (AIDE), lome, Togo
The case of the ending of widowhood and the obligation for the widow to marry one of the deceased brothers during the second marriage in togo. ISSUES- In Togo we face many practices very harmful to the breeding health and which particularly constitute a means of the HIV/AIDS spread among the widows. After the death of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6933)
Mussini C, Pinti M, Colombari B, Bedini A, Borghi V, Esposito R, Cossarizza A, Blasi E;;;; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
Studies on the effects of Indinavir on C. neoformans cultures are important to understand the capacity of HAART of reducing opportunistic infections. Methods: Laboratory strains and clinical isolates were exposed to Indinavir and then tested for vitality, mitochondrial activity, replicative capacity, suscep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6934)
Alemnji AG, Toukam E, Ayong L, Wembe E, Asonganyi T;;;; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon
The need for Integration of HIV/AIDS care and prevention programs in the ongoing mass ochocerciasis treatment program in Africa Both Onchocerciasis and HIV/AIDS are now significant public health problems in many countries of Africa. The African program for Onchocerciasis control has embarked on Ivermectin t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6935)
Nansubuga AH;;;; University, Cambridge, United States
Wide spread poverty, harmful cultural practices, domestic violence and the devastation of HIV/AIDS, heighten HIV/AIDS risks for the youth in developing countries. Despite the efforts by different sources to educate communities and increase awareness on HIV/AIDS, the youth response has remained the lowest yet the
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the onset and spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The DC-specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN binds HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and facilitates transmission of infectious virus to permissive CD4+ T cells. It was recently reported that DC-SIGN i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6937)
Msukwa I;;;; Malawi Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS, Lilongwe, Malawi
In Malawi , positive living is hindered by the high poverty levels of most people infected with HIV/AIDS. High poverty levels with an average of US[dollar]170 per capita income per year makes them unable to have access to good medical care and nutrition, which is essential for HIV-positive individuals. This makes discl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6938)
Carrara S, Vincenti D, Palmieri F, De Mori P, Rianda A, Di Virgilio V, Girardi E, Amicosante M, Goletti D;;;; National Institute for Infectious Deseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is still difficult to perform, especially in HIV+ patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 purified protein and its peptides are currently being evaluated as antigens for the immune diagnosis of TB. We set up an ELISPOT assay for IFN-gamma whose novelty consists on two multiep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6939)
Bassani S, Benito JM, Vazquez M, Toro C, Jimenez V, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
HTLV-II coinfection is frequent in HIV infected intravenous drug users. HTLV-II could play a protective role against CD4 depletion and HIV disease progression. In this study we assessed the influence of HTLV-II infection on immune activation and HIV-specific CD8+ response (CTLs) in HIV-infected patients. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6940)
Savarino A, Sannella A, Spaccapelo R, Lucia MB, Severini C, Boelaert JR, Crisanti A, Cauda R, Cassone A, Majori G;;;; Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
Malaria is a global killer and HIV/malaria coinfections are very frequent. The antimalarial chloroquine (CQ) exerts anti-HIV effects and partially reverts HIV-1 resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) (Savarino et al., Lancet Infect Dis 2003; Savarino et al., JAIDS 2004). We now show the effects of PIs on e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6941)
Toure H, Becquet R, Rouet F, Horo A, Dabis F, Ekouevi KD, Bequet L, Viho I, Tonwe-Gold B, Allou G, Welfens-Ekra C;;;; Projet ANRS DITRAME PLUS,Programme Pacci, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
To describe the mortality patterns and estimate the rate of transmission of HIV-1 in twin pairs and triplets in Ditrame Plus project in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . Method: We identified twins and triplets born to HIV-1 infected women included in the Ditrame Plus project evaluating antiretroviral-based peripartu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6942)
Hartmann M, Boit R, Jenssen JS;;;; University, Heidelberg, Germany
The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients without urethritis among HIV-infected patients is not yet established. Some investigators suggest that the detection in AIDS patients increases up to 56% and over 10% in HIV positive patients. Others found a correlation between i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6943)
Bartholomew CF, Suite M, Edwards RJ;;;; The Medical Research Foundation of Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
There is an increase in tuberculosis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis worldwide and a large part is attributed to increasing numbers of cases of active tuberculosis among HIV-infected individuals. For example, in 2002, of 119 admissions with tuberculosis in the Chest Hospital in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6944)
Zha J, Chen H, Zhuo J, Nishitani J, Zack JA, Liu X;;;; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, United States
Epidemiologic studies suggest that alcohol might accelerate AIDS progression. However, the mechanisms mediating these effects are unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine the mechanism of alcohol-mediated HIV-1 replication in T cells. The hypothesis is that increased viral replication in alcohol-tre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6945)
Liu X, Zha J, Chen H, Zack JA;;;; Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Los Angeles, United States
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play a major role in efficiently capturing HIV-1 and migrating to secondary lymphoid organs to infect CD4+ T cells. Binding of HIV-1 requires expression of DC-SIGN molecule on the cell surface of DC. However, the role of DC-SIGN in epithelial cel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6946)
Barugahare B, Eggena MP, Okello ME, Mutalya SB, Mugyenyi PN, Kityo CM, Cao H;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
HIV disease progression in Africa is thought to be more rapid for unclear reasons. Co-infection with multiple pathogens endemic in this region may play a role. HIV associated immune activation has been implicated as a mechanism for CD4 T cell depletion and is thought to be a powerful indicator of disease pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6947)
Schmidt RE, Schneidewind S, Stoll M, Weber K, Horvath T, Heiken H;;;; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Previous studies have shown that coinfection of HIV with the flavivirus GBV-C increases survival rates among HIV-infected patients. The reason for this effect remains unclear. We wanted to determine whether this positive effect was due to increased numbers of HIV-specific T cells in individuals with GBV-C.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6948)
Page TN, Cassol E, Mosam A, Friedland GH, Coovadia HM, Cassol S;;;; HIV Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Viral load (VL) assays are important indicators of disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. Accurate and reliable VL assays for HHV-8 are under development, but it is unclear as to which tissue and cellular compartment will be most informative. This study compares the clinical utility of HHV-8
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6949)
Grant RM, McConnell JJ, Herring B, Boutelle A, Tsui R, Hunt E, Liegler T, Delwart E;;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Sequential infection with variants of HIV-1, or superinfection, has been described in case reports involving persons who are recently infected and those who have been intermittently treated with antiretroviral therapy. The frequency of superinfection after exposure to a genetically distinguishable virus is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6950)
Casseb J, Posada MP, Oliveira AC, Montanheiro PA, Fukumori LM, Duarte AJ;;;; Institute of Infectious Diseases 'Emilio Ribas', Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: The possibility that the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infection would falsely increasing on T CD4+ cell count at the moment of AIDS-defining event, inferring that CD4 cell count would be an erroneous markers in this situation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6951)
Sgouroudis E, Liang C, Wainberg MA;;;; Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
HIV-1 Gag protein contains a late domain motif (PTAP) located at the N-terminus of p6. This proline-rich motif has been shown to play a pivotal role in HIV-1 budding through recruitment of a cellular factor TSG101 (Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101), a key player in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting (VPS) pathway. C
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6952)
Squires KE, Nyangweso PM, Brown D, Fife K, Clark R, Watts H, Hafner R, Bernstein S, Andersen JW; Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, United States
A5029 was designed to determine the effect of HAART on HPV status and course of cervical dysplasia in ART-naive, HIV-1 infected subjects (sbjs). We present BL characteristics of the sbjs and their association with HPV DNA, HPV risk level and Papanicolaou smear status. Methods: Previously untreated sbjs init
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6953)
Jamal LF, Guibu IA, Tancredi MV, Ramalho MO, Vasconcelos GM, Cota IN, Estevam DL, Domingues CL;;;; Centro de Referencia e Treinamento DST/AIDS - SES/SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
In HIV/AIDS patients, signs and symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) are often confounded with other diseases linked to HIV/AIDS. The majority of cases of TB/HIV co-infection occurs in developing countries, where tools for confirmed diagnosis are frequently unavailable; consequently, the number of cases can be ove
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6954)
Delpech V, Antoine D, Forde J, Story A, Watson J, Evans B;;;; CDSC, HPA, London, United Kingdom
HIV is fuelling the TB epidemic in high HIV prevalence populations. Its impact on TB in the UK is largely unknown. In 2002, an estimated 50,000 people were living with HIV in the UK and over 6000 new TB diagnoses were reported. Both infections are on the increase, particular among specific risk groups. We r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6955)
Li Y, Zhang T, Ho C, Orange JS, Douglas SD, Ho WZ;;;; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical in host innate immune defense against certain viruses. We examined whether NK cells release anti-viral factor(s) that inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon expression in human hepatic cells (FCA-1, Huh.2, and Huh.8). Methods: Primary NK cells (>95% of purity) were o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6956)
Magen E, Agmon-Levin N, Sthoeger Z;;;; Clinical Immunology Allergy and AIDS Center Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
To study whether eradication of HP could facilitate a better immune reconstitution in HIV-1 patients. Methods: 11 medically stable, ambulatory patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection for 5,9 +/- 2,4 years with symptoms of peptic disease, coinfected with HP (Group HP) as diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6957)
Fang L, Howett MK;;;; Drexel University, Philadelphia, United States
Subcutaneous xenografts of human epithelial tissues in immuno-compromised mice demonstrate accurate tissue differentiation phenotypes and long-term viability. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human papillomaviruses ( HPV ) and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6958)
Shi Y, Brandin E, Blaxhult A, Gyllensten K, Brostrom C, Fenyo EM, Albert J;;;; Dept of Virology,Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
To better understand why HIV-2 is less pathogenic than HIV-1, we have investigated autologous neutralisation and neutralisation escape in HIV-2 infected patients. Method: Four Swedish HIV-2 infected individuals, who have been followed for around 10 years, were studied using sequential virus isolates (n=15)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6959)
Lizeng Q, Bjorling E, Nilsson C;;;; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
We have previously shown that HIV-2-specific serum IgA has high reactivity to the transmembrane protein (gp36) of HIV-2 and a potent neutralizing capacity to HIV-2 in vitro. In the present study we aimed to elucidate the neutralization epitopes within the gp36 targeted by HIV-2 specific serum IgA. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6960)
Humbert M, Antoni S, Landersz M, Schreiber A, Rodes B, Soriano V, Wintergerst U, Dietrich U;;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
The aim of this study was to identify the epitopes of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in polyclonal sera from long-term non-progressing (LTNP) HIV-1 infected persons to finally derive vaccine candidates. Methods: The presence of neutralizing antibodies in LTNP sera was tested by in vitro neutralization assays
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6961)
Aasa-Chapman MM, Holuigue S, Wong M, Jones NA, Aubin K, Newton P, Cornforth D, Williams I, Borrow P, McKnight A;;;; Wohl Virion Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
The aim of this study was to clarify what role antibodies (Ab) play in controlling primary viraemia following HIV-1 infection. Methods: The development of neutralising Abs was assessed using either recombinant virus containing gp120 directly amplified from patients shortly after infection, or early virus is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6962)
Farquhar C, Haigwood NL, Nduati R, Sutton WF, Mbori-Ngacha D, Bosire RK, Redman M, John-Stewart G;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants have high morbidity and mortality secondary to infectious diseases. Studies have shown that placental transfer of antibodies to important pathogens is lower for HIV-1-infected than uninfected women. It is not known whether maternal immune status and HIV-1 viral load correla
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6963)
Binley JM, Wrin T, Korber B, Zwick MB, Stiegler G, Kunert R, Zolla-pazner S, Petropoulos C, Burton DR, Chappey C, Katinger H;;;; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are useful tools to guide HIV vaccine design. A comprehensive cross-clade mAb neutralization analysis would provide a useful frame of reference for HIV vaccine development. However, technical limitations mean that a thorough analysis has, to date,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6964)
Pumpradit W, Tomita Y, Ariyoshi K, Rojanawiwat A, Pathipvanich P, Tatsumi M, Sato H, Sawanpanyalert P;;;; JICA-NIH Project, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Neutralizing antibody (NA) is an important component in developing a successful HIV vaccine. The objective of this study is to establish a simple, rapid, and sensitive NA assay with CRF01_AE HIV-1 infectious molecular clones. Method: CRF01_AE X4R5 and R5 tropic virus clones (93JP-NH1 and NH2 respectively) w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6965)
Pal R, Wang S, Kalyanaraman VS, Nair BC, Cristillo AD, Whitney S, Keen T, Hocker L, Hudacik L, Rose JN, Yu Q, Mboudjeka I, Shen S, Chou T, Montefiori D, Mascola J, Markham PD, Lu S;;;; Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, United States
R5 phenotype of HIV-1 represents an important target for developing an effective AIDS vaccine as these viruses transmit efficiently via mucosal surface. DNA immunization primes or induces both humoral and cellular immune responses, which can be boosted by proteins. Methods: A vaccine strategy based on primi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6966)
Moog C, Burrer R, Haessig-Einius S, Aubertin AM;;;; the Scripps Research Istitute, La Jolla, CA, United States
We analyzed the potential correlation between neutralization and binding of polyclonal IgG from HIV-infected patients antibodies (Ab) to primary isolates (PI). Methods: The fixation of purified polyclonal IgG to PI was investigated by quantifying the capture of 4 PI by antibodies immobilized onto a plate. U
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6967)
Holl V, Schmidt S, Decoville T, Aubertin AM, Moog C;;;; University Louis Pasteur EA 3770, Strasbourg, France
Although macrophages and dendritic cells represent in vivo target cells for HIV, little is known about in vitro inhibition of HIV infection by antibodies (Ab) in these cells. In this study, we compared the neutralizing activity of monoclonal Ab and polyclonal IgG from HIV patients using either blood lymphoc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6968)
Lallemant M, Barin F, Jourdain G, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Brunet S, Warachit B, Ngampiyasakul C, Sriwacharakarn C, Hansudewechakul R, Watanayothin S, Karnchanamayul W, Vithayasai V, Thanasiri P;;;; Universite F Rabelais, Tours, France
A broadly neutralizing response may be key to the success of a vaccine against HIV-1. Perinatal transmission is a unique situation where the role of maternal antibodies can be studied. Conflicting results have been observed, mainly due to the nature of the viruses used in neutralizing assays, i.e. laborator
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6969)
Valentin A, Morrow M, Yarchoan R, Pavlakis GN;;;; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
CD45RABC (B220) is expressed on human CD27- B cells and a subset of CD27+ (memory) B cells. CD27+B220- B cells are absent in disease with disrupted memory B cell generation (i.e. X-SCID). The goal of this study was to examine the frequency of memory B cells in HIV infection focusing on the expression of B22
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6970)
Roberts ES;;;; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
Studies of HIV and SIV have found many parallels in the pathology caused by viral infection in the CNS. Minor pathology has been recorded in acute infection and throughout asymptomatic disease, while more significant pathology is shown in people with AIDS and terminal illness. The current study utilized rhesus macaques
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6971)
Van Rompay KA, Singh R, Pahar B, Sodora DL, Wingfield C, Lawson JR, Marthas ML, Bischofberger N;;;; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States
The contribution of antiviral immune responses to the efficacy of anti-HIV drugs to suppress viremia is unclear, and has not received much attention in models of HIV dynamics. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques is a suitable animal model to answer such questions, as it allows approach
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6972)
Nordqvist A, Fredlund H, Vodros D, Thorstensson R, Fenyo EM;;;; Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
To compare coreceptor use and macrophage tropism of sequential SIVsm reisolates in relation to the severity of SIVsm infection, following intravenous or intrarectal inoculation of cynomolgus macaques. Methods: Cynomolgus macaques were infected with SIVsm (Sooty mangabey origin). The monkeys were monitored f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6973)
Heneine W, Switzer WM, Shanmugam V, Bhullar V, Parekh B, Cong M, Boneva R, Chapman LE, Yee J, Lerche N, Folks TM;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
The recognition that AIDS originated as a zoonosis heightens concerns associated with human infection with simian retroviruses (SRs) endemic in nonhuman primates (NHPs), including simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian type D retrovirus (SRV), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV), and simian foamy v
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6974)
Vasudevan J, Ambrozak DR, Brenchley JM, Lore K, Price DA, Moniuszko M, Franchini G, Douek DC, Koup RA, Ruff LE;;;; Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, United States
SIV infected rhesus monkeys are readily accessible and mimic HIV-1 replication in humans. We sought to assess the phenotype and location of SIV gag DNA-containing cells from different tissues within chronically infected rhesus macaques. Methods: Twenty-one rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac251 that were p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6975)
Pikora C, Wittish C, Desrosiers RC;;;; NEPRC, Southborough, United States
To evaluate the dispensability of N-linked glycosylation sites within the conserved, core region of gp120 and whether their removal may expose targets of neutralization, we used the crystal structure of HIV-1 gp120 as a guide to create 25 mutants of SIV239 in which 14 sites were mutated individually or in v
From phylogenetic analyses, the previously characterized SIVs fall into 6 major lineages: 1) SIVcpz/HIV-1; 2) SIVsm/HIV-2); 3) SIVagm; 4) SIVlhoest/SIVmnd; 5) SIVsyk and 6) SIVcol. Recently, a seventh putative lineage was defined to be formed by SIVmon from mona monkeys (C. mona), SIVgsn from greater spotted nosed guen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6977)
Wolfe ND, Switzer WM, Carr JK, Bhullar VB, Shanmugam V, Tamoufe U, Prosser AT, Torimiro JN, Wright A, Mpoudi-Ngole E, McCutchan FE, Birx DL, Folks TM, Burke DS, Heneine W;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
The hunting and butchering of wild nonhuman primates (NHPs) infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is thought to have sparked human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), perhaps the most significant pandemic in human history. Nevertheless, while SIV and other primate retroviruses infect laboratory and zo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6978)
Olasode OA, Olaogun OA;;;; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile ife, Nigeria
Current antiretroviral regimes are associated with clinically important toxicities and do not give total viral eradication. The lifetime regimes have several limitations including cost, development of resistance, complications and issue of pill burden. There is need for an alternative regime that would use the natural
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6979)
Hamajima K, Xin KQ, Kojima Y, Matsui K, Toda Y, Jounai N, Ozaki T, Strong P, Kawamoto S, Okuda K;;;; Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
Chitin micro-particles (CMP) derived from shrimp or crab shells have been shown in model mouse to reduce markedly allergic symptoms because of an up-regulation of IL-12, IFN-gamma TNF-ialpha and other Th1-type cytokines. We examined whether the CMP shows potent adjuvant activity for specific immune response
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6980)
Bukrinsky MI, Brichacek B;;;; The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
CCR5 is the main co-receptor used by primary HIV-1 isolates. The same receptor is also used by myxoma virus, a member of the poxvirus family, thus putting forward the possibility of a cross-talk between immune responses to these viruses. Methods: PBMCs from 10 subjects vaccinated against the smallpox, 10 su
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6981)
Nakamura M, Ohno T, Shiba K;;;; Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
We report a novel immunizing method called Craft-gen in which artificial proteins having epitope as well as a property of assisting the formation of the high-order structure of protein are created and used as immunogen. In this study, we focused on HIV gp120 V3 epitope that is known as neutralizing and CTL
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6982)
Fleury HJ, Legrand E, Recordon-Pinson P, Toni T, Lan NT;;;; Virology department, University of Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Among the three groups and nine subtypes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) inter subtypes circulating recombinant forms (CRF), CRF01_AE are found in Southern Asia and CRF02_AG in West Africa. HIV-1 specific T-lymphocytes are involved in the immune control of HIV-1-infection. Until now, most specif
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6983)
Kenai A, Kimura T, Yoshimura K, Koito A, Matsushita S;;;; Division of clinical retrovirology and infectious disease, Center for AIDS research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
HIV-1 Nef is an early expressed regulatory protein that has an important role in HIV-pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to induce cellular and humoral immune responses against HIV-1 Nef by immunizing a Tat-Nef fusion protein. Methods: We constructed vectors that consisted of nef gene of SF2 fused
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6984)
Xin KQ, Jounai N, Someya K, Hamajima K, Honda M, Okuda K;;;; Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
DNA prime-boost regimen with adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector elicited protective immune responses against SHIV challenge in a monkey model. However, the hepatocellular tropism of Ad5 limited the virus vector as a safe vaccine. In this study, we constructed replication-deficient chimeric Ad5 vectors containin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6985)
Tanaka Y, Yoshida A, Tanaka R, Murakami T, Yamamoto N;;;; University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
We have reported that hu-PBL-SCID mice immunized with autologous mature DC pulsed with inactivated HIV-1 are protected against R5-HIV-1 infection. Sera from the protected mice inhibited infection of activated PBMC with R5-HIV-1, but not X4 HIV-1, in vitro. The anti-HIV-1 activity was not neutralized by antibodies to hu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6987)
Yoshino N, Kanekiyo M, Someya K, Matsuo K, Ami Y, Yamamoto N, Sato S, Honda M;;;; Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
HIV-1 is transmitted via mucosal surfaces in all infected persons except those who are infected intravenously, and therefore the vaccine will need to induce protective antibodies and/or cytotoxic lymphocytes at mucosal surface. Methods: We have evaluated a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) vector-based vacci
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6988)
Tung FY, Tung L, McClure H;;;; GeneCure Biotechnologies, Atlanta, United States
Background We have developed a replication-defective HIV as a therapeutic vaccine for AIDS patients. The safety and efficacy of this vaccine approach was tested using replication-defective SIV pseudotyped with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G protein (VSV-G) as an AIDS vaccine model. Methods In the vaccine construct, the p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6989)
Ellenberger D, Wyatt L, Li B, Buge S, Lanier N, Rodriguez I, Sariol C, Martinez M, Smith J, Otten R, Kraiselburd E, Moss B, Robinson H, McNicholl J, Butera S;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
We developed an AIDS vaccine for Western and West-Central Africa based on HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG. The HIV-1 vaccine consists of priming with a Gag-Pol-Env-expressing plasmid DNA and boosting with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA), expressing matched Gag-Pol-Env CRF02_AG proteins. To optimize the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6990)
Cho MW, Han DP, Kim YB;;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
One of the major obstacles in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine is the inability to elicit neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) that are broadly reactive against the large number of isolates that exist. We recently demonstrated proofs-of-principle that polyvalent envelope vaccines can induce Nabs of greater b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6991)
Matsuo K, Izumi Y, Ami Y, Someya K, Hamano T, Yamazaki S, Yamamoto N, Honda M;;;; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
A highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain, which is completely replication-negative in mammalian cells, should be desirable for AIDS vaccine development. In this study, a replication-deficient vaccinia strain DIs was evaluated as a recombinant vaccine vector against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6992)
Purcell DF, Thomson S, Kent SJ, Boyle DB, Ruxrungtham K, Ellett AM, Shoobridge M, Coupar BE, Ramshaw IA;;;; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
DNA vaccines for HIV have proved effective at priming high level HIV-specific T cell responses when used in conjunction with a fowlpoxvirus boost. The expression of multiple HIV proteins and pseudoviral particles promotes a broad coverage of T-cell epitopes and efficient priming, but requires great attentio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6993)
Matano T, Kobayashi M, Kawada M, Igarashi H, Takeda A, Nakamura H, Kano M, Mori K, Iida A, Hasegawa M, Yuasa T, Miyazawa M, Yasunami M, Kimura A, Nagai Y;;;; Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the control of immunodeficiency virus infections. However, preclinical trials of CTL-based AIDS vaccines have rarely shown control of replication of simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 (SIVmac239) that induces chronic disease progressio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6995)
Marcon L, De Groot AS, Bishop EA, Foti S, Franco J, Martin W, Lally M, Carpenter CC, Mayer KH;;;; TB/HIVResearch Laboratory, Brown University, EpiVax Inc., Providence,RI, United States
Broad cellular immune responses to HIV-1 T cell epitopes (CD4 and CD8) are linked to protection from the progression to AIDS and may also play a role in preventing HIV infection. Developing a vaccine that will stimulate broad HIV-specific T cell responses has been difficult both because of the significant l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6996)
Koita OA, Tounkara A, Dao S, Guiteye H, Noumsi C, Dabitao D, Bishop EA, Martin W, De Groot AS;;;; Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Mali, Bamako, Mali
Broad cellular immune responses to HIV-1 CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes are linked to protection from the progression to AIDS and may play a role in preventing HIV infection. Developing a vaccine that will stimulate broad HIV-specific T cell responses has been difficult both because of the polymorphism in HLA
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6997)
Van Rompay KK, Marthas ML, Lawson JR, Colon R, Schmidt K, Earl P, Tartaglia J;;;; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
Ideally, a childhood HIV vaccine aimed to prevent HIV transmission from breastfeeding would also protect against later sexual exposure to HIV in adolescence. To test HIV vaccine candidates, we developed an infant rhesus macaque model to better mimic repeated oral HIV exposure during breast-feeding. We recen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6998)
Weiner DB, Boyer J, Kutzler M, MacGregor RR, Robinson T, Muthumani K, Calarota S, Otero M, Lewis M, Letvin N, Schadeck E, Sidhu M, Egan MA, Felber B, Pavlakis G, Israel Z, Eldridge J;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Over the past 13 years DNA vaccines have moved from a laboratory curiosity to an important immunization approach for HIV-1. However, the quality and longevity of the responses induced even with highly optimized plasmid cassettes is still significantly below that of vector live approaches. Enhancing potency
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA6999)
Wakasiaka S, Bwayo JJ, Ndinya JA, Jaoko WG, Omu A, Omosa GM, Ogutu HA, Nyange J;;;; University of Nairobi/KAVI, Nairobi, Kenya
Development of an HIV vaccine is a high priority for Africa. Volunteer recruitment activities were initiated in February 2001 at a time when an evaluation of a candidate vaccine started. Program objectives focused in increasing community awareness for HIV vaccines trials, improving recruitment and retention
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7000)
Wakasiaka S, McBride M, Omosa GM, Bwayo JJ, Ndinya JA, Jaoko WG, Omu A, Ogutu HA, Wambui W;;;; University of Nairobi/KAVI, New York, Kenya
Evaluation of a candidate HIV vaccine was initiated in February 2001 and to date four trials have been carried out. The aim of this paper is to identify and address obstacles that hinder volunteer s enrollment and retention in vaccine trials. Methods: In an ongoing Phase I/II a randomized double blind place
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7001)
Anzala O, Bashir MF, Oyaro M, Oyugi F, Bwayo JJ, Jaoko WG, Manyonyi GO;;;; University of Nairobi/KAVI, Nairobi, Kenya
Introduction: Information on the normal distribution of CD4 and CD8 T - Lymphocyte is not available from Africa. We sought to find out the CD4 and CD8 T-Lymphocyte distribution among volunteers enrolling for an HIV vaccine trial at Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI) in Nairobi, Kenya. Method: Blood was collected from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7002)
Jaoko WG, Manyonyi GO, Bhatt KM, Wakasiaka S, Ogutu H, Bashir FM, Anzala AO, Oyugi M, Schmidt C, Ongeri M, Waruingi W, Nyange J, Indangasi J, Bwayo JJ, Ndinya-Achola J, Nduati R, Mbori-Ngacha D, Ngugi E, Fast P;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Two phase I HIV vaccine trials were carried out to determine the safety of a clade A HIV DNA plasmid vaccine and a HIVA-MVA (HIVA in modified vaccine Ankara as vehicle) according to GCP. Methods: Each study had 18 healthy, HIV negative volunteers aged 18-60 years and at low risk of HIV infection. At enrolme
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7003)
Okuda K, Jounai N, Kojima Y, Shinoda K, Xin KQ;;;; Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
The immunogenicity of DNA vaccine is dependent of the amount of transgene protein. In this study, we explored the possibility of augmenting HIV gp120-specific cell-mediated immune responses by a DNA vaccine coding for an HIV Env gp120 and immunoglobulin in mice. Methods: Mouse IgG2a Fc fragment was fused to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7005)
Cosma A, Nagaraj R, Buhler S, Hinkula J, Wopfner F, Schatzl H, Busch DH, Sutter G, Erfle V, Goebel FD;;;; Institute of Molecular Virology, GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Several lines of evidence show that immunologic mechanisms are essential in limiting HIV replication. In long term non-progressors containment of viremia seems to be associated with strong virus-specific CD4 T-cells responses. Thus, therapeutic vaccination might be a valuable strategy to stimulate the anti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7006)
Mugisha E, Kaleebu P, Nielsen L, Nakwagala F, Nanvubya A, de Bont J, Konde C, Warren M, Schmidt C;;;; IAVI-UVRI HIV Vaccine Program, Entebbe, Uganda
The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) in collaboration with the Ugandan government through the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) is evaluating the DNA/MVA Phase I HIV vaccine in Uganda. Methods: Multiple approaches were used in recruiting participants. At policy level, members of parliament
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeA7007)
Harrer T, Harrer EG, Schmitt-Haendle M, Petzold B, Chaplin P, Bergmann S, Eismann K, Hamacher M, Spriewald B, Kalden JR, Willbold D;;;; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
CTL play an important role in the defense against HIV-1. However, there is a lack of vaccines which are potent stimulators of CTL. MVA-vectors have been shown in a variety of animal modes and in first human trials to be good inducers of CTL. Therefore, we performed a phase-I-trial in healthy volunteers to t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7009)
Najjemba R, Wabwire-Mangen F, Muhwezi E, Rutaremwa G, Lwanga JB;;;; Makerere University Institute Of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
Up to 90% of HIV infection in Children occurs as a result of Mother-to- Child-Transmission. There is a national Program on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT). The Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa (AAAC) Project is to introduce Antiretro Viral Drugs (ARVs) for the enti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7010)
Kuhn L, Kasonde P, Vwalika C, Semrau K, Sinkala M, Kankasa C, Aldrovandi GM, Thea DM;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Concern that breastfeeding may increase mortality of HIV-positive mothers has raised the ethical dilemma that a practice potentially beneficial for the child may be detrimental to the mother. Methods: As part of a randomized clinical trial conducted in two urban antenatal clinics in Lusaka,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7011)
Feng TJ, Chen L, Lu MX, Wang XH, Liu XL;;;; Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and ControlPr, Shenzhen, China
We have worked out a strategy of HIV/syphilis prevention mother to child transmission (PMTCT) and drawn up the standard PMTCT working manual in Shenzhen Municipal-level. All 57 governmental public hospitals in Shenzhen have supported routine antenatal voluntary, counselling, and free testing for HIV and syp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7012)
Verruno L, Pesaresi M;;;; Magnamed, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
We have studied the structural differences relate the mother and the newborn HIV s co receptors CXCR4 y CCR5. In the 70% the fetus infection occurs in the labor and delivery. The genetic alteration of the co-receptors gives protection to the HIV infection. The blockage of the co-receptors lowers the HIV fus
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7013)
Newell ML, Bunders M; Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
HIV infection and exposure to antiretroviral MTCT prophylaxis in fetal or early life may affect levels of markers of immune function. Using data from the European Collaborative Study (ECS), we investigated age related patterns of neutrophils in infected (N=156) and uninfected (N=1533) children born to HIV-1
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7014)
Pallone E, Corazza R, Miranda G;;;; Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Aim: To evaluate the implementation of HIV testing in pregnant women and to determine the mother to child transmission Methods: From january 1997 at July 2003 123 mother-infant pair were enrolled in our perinatal transmission study. The mean age of children at first visit was 20 days. Clinical and laboratory evaluation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7015)
Laurent D, Richner B;;;; Foundation Kantha Bopha, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Since November 1995, 3.45% (4452/128722) of children hospitalized in Kantha Bopha pediatric hospitals in Phnom Penh show HIV positive serology, mainly caused by vertical transmission. In Cambodia , the most effective way to reduce this high HIV-infection rate among children is to prevent the vertical transm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7016)
Tangsathapornpong A, Kamudhamas A, Apisarnthanarak A, Junloy K;;;; Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
MTCT-Plus program is designed to promote wellness and to improve health care for HIV-infected mothers and their families. Before Thammasat University Hospital started MTCT-Plus program in February 2003, we only had given antiretroviral drugs for prevention of maternal to child transmission. After MTCT-Plus prog
The goal of the study, implemented as part of the American International Health Alliance Pilot Project on the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (MTCT) in the Odessa region, was to determine the influence of sexual transmitted infections (STIs) on perinatal HIV transmission. The high rate of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7018)
Vitavasiri C, Phanyakamlerd M, Danwanapong M, Pongchanvilai V;;;; Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Since 1996, the Police General Hospital has joined the pMTCT Project with the Thai Red Cross Society, therefore, the rate of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child has markedly decreased. However, orphans and neglected children from very ill parents has now become our problem. MTCT-Plus
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7019)
Posokhova S, Zaporozhan V, Boychenko I, Shevchenko S, Volkova M, Popova T;;;; Odessa Oblast Hospital, Odessa, Ukraine
Introduction: Elective C-section is recommended for HIV positive women to prevent transmission of HIV during delivery in resource-limited settings in the Newly Independent States, according to the latest PMTCT WHO protocols (2003). As part of the PMTCT project with the American International Health Alliance, the Odessa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7020)
Smith J, Posokhova S, Nizova N, Tyapkin G, Schecter K, Shabarova Z, Gozhenko N;;;; AIHA, Washington DC, United States
The number of HIV infection in infants is rising in Eurasia. With the support of USAID, the American International Health Alliance (AIHA) has responded to this urgent need with the implementation of a systematic case management approach that integrates a number of key prevention strategies to reduce the inciden
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7021)
Nizova N, Smith J, Nugmanova Z;;;; AIHA, Washington DC, United States
This paper will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of PMTCT services in the most affected regions of Kazakhstan : Temirtau, Pavlodar, Karaganda and Almaty. From 1997 to 2002 the Republican AIDS center registered 3,198 cases of HIV infection, most from the Karagandinsky (1,198 cases) and Pavlodarsky regions (6
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7022)
Posokhova S, Zaporozhan V, Boychenko I, Lutsenko O, Govorovskaya N;;;; Odessa Oblast Hospital, Odessa, Ukraine
Introduction: Short regimen of zidovudine (ZDV) and nevirapine ( NVP ) show to reduce vertical transmission in resource-limited settings in Africa. The goal of this study was to introduce ZDV+ NVP combination regimen in resource-limited setting in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7023)
Mofenson LM, Shapiro D, Muresan P, Fowler MG, McSherry G, van Dyke R;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
The French Perinatal Cohort reported a small but significant effect of perinatal ARV exposure on hematologic values to age 18 mos in uninfected children. We compared hematologic values from 329 uninfected children exposed to AZT vs placebo (PL) in PACTG 076, and through age 18 mos in a subgroup of 232 enrol
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7024)
Mofenson LM, Lu M, Pacheco S, Handelsman E, McIntosh K, Foca M, Hayani K, Rodrieguez Z, Frederick M, Nugent R;;;; NICHD/NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
The French Perinatal Cohort reported perinatal ARV exposure is associated with a small but durable effect on infant hematopoiesis. We examined hematologic values in 1548 ARV-exposed and 405 unexposed uninfected children in WITS, a cohort study conducted in 6 US sites, to evaluate effect of ARV exposure. Met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7025)
Palmer PM, Moore J, McDonald-Kerr C, Billings C, Anderson-Allen M, Christie-Samuels CD;;;; University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston 6, Jamaica
In Jamaica , 1 -2% of all pregnant women are infected with HIV and it is now one of the leading causes of death in children 1 - 4 years. This paper highlights the nursing interventions as a key feature in the ongoing development and success of a prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (pMTCT) program
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7026)
Besson MH, Phillips L, Dintruff R, Ladner J, Muyingo S, Coovadia H, Saba J;;;; Axios, Paris, France
Through the joint Determine HIV/ Viramune Donation Program (DVDP), Abbott Laboratories and Boehringer Ingelheim are working together to help prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child (PMTCT) in the developing world.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7027)
Bulterys M, Jamieson DJ, O'Sullivan MJ, Cohen MH, Maupin R, Nesheim S, Webber MP, Van Dyke R, Wiener J, Branson BM;;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
Rapid HIV testing of women in labor whose HIV status is unknown could enable immediate provision of antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for HIV-infected women and their newborns. Methods: The multicenter Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study implemented 24-hour counseling and voluntary ra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7028)
Ho SH, Oum VO, So SS, Leng KL, Ouk VO, Louk CL, Prombuth TP;;;; Moung Russei Hospital, Battambang, Cambodia
An estimated 2.6% of pregnant women in Cambodia are HIV+ (2002). PMTCT programs in Cambodia are currently being expanded to new areas. Women in rural Cambodia have little knowledge concerning mother to child transmission or preventive programs for transmission of HIV to infants. Only 38% of women access antenat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7029)
Waswa WB, Mubangizi JK, Hitimana HC;;;; AIDS Information center, Kampala, Uganda
The aim of this study is to determine the acceptability of HIV counseling and testing and participation in a mother-to-child HIV transmission intervention study using antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara University teaching Hospital and Bushenyi Medical Centre -South western Uganda . Method: The study popula
The HIVNET012-Study demonstrated the efficacy of a single dose regimen of nevirapine in the reduction of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We assessed the uptake and coverage of this regimen in a real-life situation. Methods: Pregnant women who attend for their first antenatal visit at Coast Province G
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7031)
Kauchali S, Vwalika C, Semrau K, Kasonde P, Kankasa C, Sinkala M, Aldrovandi G, Thea D, Kuhn L;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Influence of maternal HIV immunosuppression in the context of nutritional and social risk factors on adverse birth outcomes is incompletely investigated. We evaluated the associations between infant outcomes (birthweight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)) and markers of HIV disease pro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7032)
Msuya G, Kironde S, Msaky H, Kikumbih N, Nzima M, Saba J;;;; Hai District Council, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
In high HIV burden settings, introduction of PMTCT can be used as an entry point to strengthen obstetric care services. A PMTCT program in rural Tanzania successfully integrated PMTCT into routine health service delivery at maternal & child health clinics. In 2003, the district health authoriti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7033)
Chokephaibulkit K, Sutthent R, Pongsamart W, Plipat N, Vanprapar N;;;; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
The regimen of short-course zidovudine ( AZT ) plus lamivudine ( 3TC ) effectively reduced HIV mother-to-child transmission to 2.83%. This regimen is an option for pregnant women who show up late. However, the brief drug exposure period may induce drug resis
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7034)
Vijayakumari JJ, Sara Mini J, Samuel NM;;;; Namakkal Govt. Hospital, Namakkal, India
Administering second dose Nevirapine to the infants poses many challenges like ignorance, illiteracy, stigma and discrimination, cultural practices and lack of transport facilities. The mothers are eager to protect their infants from HIV infection but are ignorant to understand the importance of the second dose
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7035)
Bassani L, Oligo FM, Namande J, Nayiga IS, Esiru G, Kituuka P, Okong P;;;; Iss Rome, Kampala, Uganda
Since March 2003, Nsambya Hospital implements with support of Columbia University a MTCT+ program for HIV+ mothers and their families. Objectives: To evaluate use of eligibility criteria for enrolment in the program. Methods: A team of physicians and counselors established criteria for enrolling PMTCT mothe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7036)
Bassani L, Musoke R, Oluka E, Birungi EM, Nsubuga F, Okong P;;;; ISS Rome, Kampala, Uganda
Nsambya Hospital, a tertiary private not for profit referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda , started implementing PMTCT services since January 2000, in the context of the Ministry of Health national program. PMTCT is integrated in the ANC services of the hospital offering VCT, infant feeding counseling and AR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7037)
Creek TL, Ntumy R, Mazhani L, Moore J, Smith M, Shaffer N, Kilmarx PH;;;; U.S. CDC, Atlanta, United States
Pregnant women in Francistown, Botswana s second largest city, have >40% HIV prevalence and have had PMTCT services available since 1999. Although nearly all women have antenatal care (ANC) and hospital deliveries, uptake of HIV services is relatively low. This could be due to knowledge and attitudes regard
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7038)
Cunha DC, Guimaraes MA, Nogueira SA, Rodrigues R, Lambert JS;;;; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
To determine the prevalence of HTLV-I infection in a cohort of HIV infected pregnant women and the vertical transmission rate of both viruses to the newborns. Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2003, a prospective cohort of HIV infected pregnant women has been followed at the Federal University of R
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7039)
St John MA;;;; Queen Elizabeh Hosptial, St Michael, Barbados
Mother-to-child transmission accounts for >90% of paediatric AIDS cases. We performed a study to determine the efficacy of nevirapine on mother to child transmission of HIV using a HIVNET 012 regimen. Methods: During a 3 year period of study there were 10,499 deliveries. Commencing in 1999, all HIV infected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7040)
Gupta A, Sastry J, Suryawanshi N, Pisal H, Kulkarni P, Bharucha KE, Bulakh P, Gupte N, Krisagar A, Tripathy S, Paranjape R, Bhore AV, Ambike N, Choi J, Nayak U, Ram M, Propper L, Phadke M, Bollinger RC;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Little is known about current maternal-infant HIV (MCTC) transmission rates in India . We examined vertical HIV transmission from HIV-positive Indian women who chose not to breastfeed their infants. Methods: Between August 2002 and December 2003, consenting women who chose not to breastfeed their infants we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7041)
Thomas TK, Amornkul PN, Bell AJ, Otieno R, Oziemkowska M, Vulule J, Bulterys M, Fowler MG, Slutsker L, DeCock KM, Kombo AO;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya
Breastfeeding causes 33-50% of all Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in sub-Saharan Africa. Because safe and acceptable alternatives to breast feeding are not currently viable for many women in Africa, it is critical to identify ways to maximally reduce MTCT of HIV-1 among breastfeeding women. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7042)
Buch E, Mathambo V, Ferrinho P, Kolsteren P;;;; School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
International and national guidelines for care for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) are being used ever more widely. The question is to what extent are health staff in field situations applying the guidelines, precisely what care is not being provided and what are the reasons fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7043)
Kali PB, Martinson NA, Chaisson RE, Gray G, McIntyre J;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS. Cases of active TB are increasing among pregnant women in epidemic communities. Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) in Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT) programmes is a gateway to HIV care and services
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7044)
Marczynska M, Dobosz S, Szczepanska-Putz M;;;; Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
To estimate the risk of HCV vertical transmission in children born to HIV (+) mothers Methods: 49 vertically HIV infected children aged from 6 months to 15 years are treated in Department of Children s Infectious Diseases. All the children were systematically tested for HCV infection: every 4-6 weeks aminot
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7045)
Graham N, Gordon M, Bland R, Rollins N, Claassen M, Coovadia HM, Bennish M, Cassol S;;;; HIV-1 Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Administration of NVP to HIV-1-infected women at the onset of delivery, and to the infant during the first 72 hours after birth, is a simple and affordable approach for the prevention of MTCT in developing countries. However, there are ongoing concerns about the development of drug resistance and its potent
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7046)
Bulakh P, Sastry J, Deshmukh S, Bhore A, Khandekar M, Phadke M, Bharucha K, Lele S, Joshi S, Jain R, Suryawanshi N, Gupta A, Ram M, Nayak U, Bollinger R, Kshirsagar A;;;; BJ Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
Anemia during pregnancy is a well-known risk factor for maternal death, disability, premature births, low birth weight and fetal impairment. In countries like India , where the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is already high, drugs for HIV prophylaxis that are known to increase the risk of anemia have
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7047)
Colebunders R, Hodossy B, Coppens M, Roelens K, Burger D, Vanwijngaerden E, Fransen K;;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
To measure viral load and drug levels in breast milk of mothers treated with HAART. Methods: 9 women treated with HAART and 1 woman treated only with zidovudine during delivery were enrolled in the study. All HAART treated women continued HAART at least during 5 days after delivery. Viral load and drug level
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7048)
Seng SW, Koum K, Kuy S, Saphon V, Pugatch D;;;; National Maternal and Chile Health Centre, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
There is widespread desire to improve HIV services for women and children, and resources are to be allocated to preventing mother-to-child transmission. However, it is important to determine which of the interventions in the whole PMTCT package as set out in the PMTCT guidelines are most effective, and how
Adherence to HIV care has demonstrated success of HIV therapy and increases longevity of existence of HIV patients. In Uganda introduction of free ARVs in government hospitals is going to require more monitoring of the programme, hence adherence a prime factor here. Adherence at our site has proved to deter
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7050)
Bolton C, Gray GE, McIntyre JA;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto, South Africa
Antenatal Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) remains the backbone of successful prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs. A large number of women, for various reasons, do not access the PMTCT services antenatally. The feasibility and acceptance of post partum voluntary counseling and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7051)
Nyakana H, Sebuseruka S, Arendt V, Uwimana C, Sergi C, Rusine J, Cwinya-Ay N, Servais J;;;; Treatment Aids Research Center RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
To compare mortality among children born to HIV-infected women according to their mode of feeding in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (pMTCT) project in Kigali, Rwanda . Methods: Between February 1999 and August 2003, pregnant women in a pilot site in Kigali have benefited from HIV testin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7052)
Ekesa OI, Ndegwa SN, Mutungi J, Kibicho JW;;;; DOD Medical Services, Nairobi, Kenya
Introducing PMTCT services through the male work place maybe one way of increasing male participation and thereby increase uptake of the interventions aimed at reducing MTCT of HIV. The objective of the program was to integrate PMTCT services within the Kenya Armed Forces Medical Services. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7053)
Rutanga C, Uwimana C, Arendt V, Sergi C, Nyirakanyana A, Tuyizere S, Makombe N, Rusine J, Vyankandondera J, Servais J;;;; Treatment Aids Research Center RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 is a major concern in the developing world. Multiple factors play a role in MTCT. Among them, we focused on obstetrical factors. Methods: HIV positive pregnant women have received either zidovudine (short course, 1999-2001) or
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7054)
Katole NB, Davies S, Kakungu G, Rwamahe S, Ali D, Petter A;;;; Kagera Regional Hospital, Bukoba, Tanzania
The PMTCT service at KRH was initiated in July 2000, one of five national pilot sites. It was funded by the Ministry of Health, UNICEF and MdM. KRH is supported by MdM who are funded by AIDS FOND and Marc AIDS Foundation. Methods: PMTCT is integrated in routine antenatal care. Women receive VCT and post-tes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7055)
Fortuny C, Sanchez E, Noguera A, Munoz-Almagro C, Coll O, Bogunya J, Jimenez R;;;; Hosp. Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
The risk of HCV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is higher in infants born to HIV co-infected mothers. Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, elective cesarean section and avoidance of breastfeeding have dramatically reduced HIV vertical transmission rate. Data regarding the impact of these prophylactic measures
HIV infection of infants via breastfeeding is regarded as a significant mode of virus transmission. We therefore wished to identify what effect human breast milk (hBM) had on HIV-1 replication in vitro. Identifying natural compounds that have the capacity to block HIV-1 infection has significant implication
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7057)
Njom Nlend A, Tene G, Penda I, Same Ekobo C, Monny Lobe M, Tsague L, Zekeng L, Engozo'o A;;;; National AIDS Control comittee, Yaounde, Cameroon
A program was introduced in the country in January 2000. The evaluation of the impact of MTCT prevention components at 15 months target 10% of the children registered in 3 urban sites by the end of 2003. To determine the percentage of paediatric HIV infection after inclusion in the mother to chil
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7058)
Njom Nlend A, Penda I, Same Ekobo C, Tene G, Monny Lobe M, Tsague L, Macauley I, Zekeng L, Engozo'o A;;;; National AIDS control comittee, Yaounde, Cameroon
The post natal component of the national PTMCT program consist previously of adequate infant feeding counselling. In order to implement a breastmilk donation to HIV positive women, we attempt to evaluate the feasibility of infant feeding choices under recovery cost scheme in urban areas in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7059)
Ong'ech JO, Kiarie JN, Mbori-Ngacha D, Gachoki AW;;;; University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
PMCT programs are being up-scaled in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa. However the impact of these programs remains limited as they fail to reach majority of parturients. There is need to increase the number of women who learn their HIV status and benefit from these programs. The PMCT program a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7060)
Kintu K, Nakabiito C, Colabianchi N, Whalen C;;;; Case western reserve university, Cleveland OHIO, United States
Failure to disclose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity to sexual partners decreases the effectiveness of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs, as well as subsequent care of the infants. This study identified factors associated with disclosure of HIV status to sexual par
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7061)
El-Sadr WM, Rabkin M, Abrams EJ, Hoos D, Berkman A, Myer L, Hardy TW, Rosenfield A;;;; MTCT-Plus, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
Development of HIV treatment programs for HIV-infected persons in less developed countries (LDC) is a global priority. Few programs have focused on provision of HIV primary care or on families. Methods: The MTCT-Plus Initiative established 12 programs in 8 African countries & in Thailand to e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7062)
Rubini NP, Llerena CA, Recarey FG, Rocco R, Lima AJ, Sion FS, Morais-de-Sa CA;;;; Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Access to chemoprophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV is available free of charge in Brazil through the government s program since 1995. Nonetheless, hundreds of new cases of vertical transmission of HIV still occur. The objective of this study was to investigate the progress and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7063)
Gray GE, Urban M, Bolton C, Chersich M, van Niekerk R, Violari A, McIntyre JA;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Poor-resourced settings use Nevirapine ( NVP ) prophylaxis to mother and infant almost exclusively for reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT). Given the development of NVP resistance following single dose use, omitting mat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7064)
Hawkins DA, Khan W, Moyle GJ, Penn Z, Lyall H, Back D, Hill A;;;; Chelsea and Westminster, London, United Kingdom
SQVsgc 1200 mg tid with 1-2 NRTIs has demonstrated safety and efficacy in preventing vertical transmission of HIV-1 despite low SQV exposure. RTV 100mg bid boosting increases SQV exposure and reduces tablet load. We present data on the use of SQV/r in combination with 2 NRTIs in pregnancy. Methods: HIV-1-in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7065)
Cohen MH, Olszewski Y, Webber MP, Rivero Y, Blaney N, O'Sullivan MJ, Maupin R, Bradley-Byers A, Nesheim S, Lampe M, Danner S, Bulterys M;;;; CORE Center/Cook County Hospital, Chicago, United States
Rapid HIV testing at labor and delivery (L&D) identifies women with HIV infection whose status was undocumented. Continued comprehensive HIV care is critical for the health of these women and their infants. Methods: The Mother Infanct Rapid Intervention at Delivery study (MIRIAD) screened women entering
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7066)
Palombi L, Marazzi MC, Liotta G, Perno CF, Narciso P, Guidotti G, Scarcella P, Ceffa S, Coelho E, Bortolot G, Tintisona G, Giuliano M, Bartolo M, Magnano San Lio M, Germano P;;;; LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
Aims of the DREAM program are both to protect the mothers survival and to prevent vertical transmission. Since May 2002 DREAM has administered HAART to HIV+ pregnant women in two ANC clinic located in the city of Matola and Beira ( Mozambique ). Methods: HAART has been administered from 25th week of pregnan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7067)
Bequet L, Tijou A, Becquet R, Ekouevi D, Viho I, Tonwe-Gold B, Kouadio S, Desgrees du Lou A, Dabis F, Leroy V;;;; ANRS Ditrame Plus Project, Pacci program, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
To assess social impact and perception in women after a two year follow up in a PMTCT project in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . Methods: Consenting women diagnosed with HIV-1 infection and informed of their serostatus were included during the third trimester of pregnancy. PMTCT interventions were systematically p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7068)
Palacios R, Senise JF, Tanno ZN, Waghabi GR, Lunardi L, Vaz MJ, Castelo A;;;; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Discontinuation of combined antiretroviral (ARV) use is recommended in current HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) guidelines after delivery in those HIV-infected pregnant women who have not had another clinical or immunological indication (i.e. CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7069)
Gaio DS, Barcellos NT, Rigotti GB, Mattos EM, Rigotti CP, Bueno SN, Rerin D, Filho JR;;;; Health Public Secretariat Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Approximately 70% of the pregnant women in Rio Grande do Sul, in 2000 were unaware of their HIV serostatus due to the unavailability of prenatal care, the lack of personal interest, because many doctors fail to recommend the test or because of the time results may take to reach the patients. We evaluated th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7070)
Kurle SN, Tripathy SP, Joshi PL, Ghosh MD, Jadhav SD, Agnihotri KD, Paranjape RS;;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Bhosari, Pune, India
Annually 6,00,000 infants are getting infected with HIV perinatally. The perinatal HIV transmission is found to be 16-40% in absence of any antiretroviral treatment (ART). Treating HIV positive women with Zidovudine ( AZT ) or
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7071)
Dongaonkar DD, Hira SK, Sapalya RS, Bhatia VP;;;; Grant Medical College & Sir J. J. Hospital, Mumbai, India
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a major component of HIV pandemic and is a multifactorial event. Prenatal, intranatal and postnatal factors are responsible for MTCT. Percentages of perinatal transmission with each of the above factors were given a particular score. Thus authors created a risk scoring
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7072)
Cassol S, Cassol E, Coutsoudis A, Page T, Coovadia HM;;;; HIV Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Previous studies have reported that infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers ingest up to 25,000 infected cells daily and that viable, living cells are required for virus transmission through breast feeding. At present, little is known about the identity of productively-infected cells in breast milk, or the f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7073)
Kaseba CM, Stringer EM, Sinkala M, Matongo I, Goldenberg RL, Chapman V, Mulenga H, Stringer JS;;;; University Teaching Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecolgy, Lusaka, Zambia
The copper intrauterine device (IUD) is among the most effective contraceptives known, but the WHO and others have recommended against its use in HIV-infected women due to a theoretical risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Most IUD-attributable PID occurs within one month of insertion. Methods: Betwee
HIV rapid tests were introduced in Uganda for diagnosis of HIV in the last 5 (five years). Prior to this, Elisa tests and others were the only tests at disposal, but results were not immediately available. Hence rapid test and results at the same day changed outlook for VCT. Objectives: To assess the effect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7075)
Kone KM, Boka BR, Gonhi GC;;;; HOSPITAL, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
There is a world wide consensus on the feminization of the HIV infection. To prevent mother to child transmission, voluntary counselling and resting has been set up in many health care settings. Announcing a positive result to a woman who awaits a so much desired child often causes fear and desolation. Because
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7076)
Chung MH, Lehman D, Kiarie J, Richardson B, Overbaugh J, Kabura M, John-Stewart G;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Perinatal regimens of nevirapine or AZT are widely used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in resource-limited settings. This randomized trial was designed to compare the effect of these regimens on breast milk virus during the first 6 weeks postpartum. Methods: Thirty-nine HIV-1 positive preg
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7077)
Taki KN, Coulibaly M, Rey JL, Chambon JF;;;; Urban hospital of Yopougon Attie, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
our objectives are: - to succed in a complete sensitization of the family on HIV/AIDS from the woman in parturition who comes for a prenatal visit to a doctor. - To obtain a best social and psychological minimum care of the mother and the family in case she is HIV positive in the application of the PMCT pro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7078)
Samuel NM, Mini Jacob S, Parameshwari S, Viswanathan R, Bhirmanandham CV, Arunagiri G, Vijaya Kumari JJ, Deenabandhu K;;;; TN.Dr.MGR Medical University, Chennai, India
Since 2000 a rural programme to prevent mother to infant transmission was started with support from Elizabeth Glaser Peadiatric AIDS Foundation. The objective is to review the MTCT intervention strategies; report on the success of providing ART in a rural setting and the importance of incorporating early AR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7079)
Carosi G, Pietra V, Simpore J, Pignatelli S, Ouedraogo L, Conombo G, Pizzocolo C, Baiguera C, Castelli F;;;; Centre Medical St Camille, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
In sub-saharian Africa, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV mainly relies upon NVP-based or ZVD-based short regimens. Short regimens may fail to prevent transmission in women with CD4+ cell count below 500 cells/ml (Leroy et al., AIDS, 2002; 16: 631-641). Aim of the study is to ass
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7080)
Vanprapar N, Chotpitayasunondh T, Culnane M, Chokephaipulkit K, Mock P, Jetswang B, Neeyapun K, Teeraratkul A, Wilasrusme S, Siraprapasiri T, Tappero JW;;;; Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Objectives: We studied the impact of combination short-course zidovudine (ZDV) and intrapartum/neonatal nevirapine ( NVP ) to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, and analyzed factors to explain prophylaxis failures. Methods: HIV-infected, antiretroviral (ARV) naive pre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7081)
Gaio DS, Barcellos NT, Rigotti GB, Gomes PC, Bueno SN, Rigotti CP, Mattos EF;;;; Health Public Secretariat Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Although education and health promotion directed to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, a significant number of pregnant women still don t know their HIV serostatus in Brazil . We evaluated the feasibility of rapid HIV testing in the peripartum period and the risk factors associated with HIV seropositivity d
Rwanda is one of the countries with a high prevalence rate of HIV (8.9%)To reduce the MTCT of HIV, a PMTCT program was designed in 1999 with four components (Voluntary Counseling and Testing using rapid testing among pregnant women, Prevention of unwanted pregnancy among HIV infected women, Anti Retro Viral
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7083)
Ojera Abusu J, Onyango S, Madraa E, Opio A, Nabisubi GM, Namukose S, Barbara N, Nankinga J;;;; Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda has 1.3 million pregnancies annually which result in about 25,000 HIV positive babies in absence of intervention. PMTCT program was piloted in Uganda in 2000 at five health facilities, and since 2001 it is being scaled up to other health facilities. Scale up plan entails providing: in-servic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7084)
Briand N, Le Coeur S, Jourdain G, Tapawal B, Pagdi K, Kamolpakorn N, Bamroongshawkasem O, Kwanchaipanich R, Somsamai R, Hongsiriwon S, Sirithadthamrong S, Lallemant M;;;; INED/IRD054/PHPT, Paris, France
In Thailand , since the initiation of the national program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 1999, the vast majority of children born to HIV-infected mothers are exposed to AZT in utero (from 34 weeks gestation) and during their first week of life (or 4 weeks if th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7085)
Wamalume C, Stringer EM, Luhanga D, Makuka I, Goldenberg RL, Simwanza M, Levy J, Stringer JS, Sinkala M;;;; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
In Zambia the proportion of children with either a mother or both parents dead is as high as 11%. Approximately 1,000 HIV infected mothers are identified each month through PMTCT services in Lusaka. Methods: In April 2003, we initiated an HIV treatment program at one Lusaka District health clinic through th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7086)
Chikuba M, Hirschhorn L, Fullem A, Shaw C, El-Sadr W;;;; JSI Research & Training Institute Inc., Boston, MA, United States
With the rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource limited settings (RLS), programs need simple, effective and supportive monitoring & evaluation (M&E) models and tools designed to quickly identify implementation challenges, assist in developing solutions to problems, and function as a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7087)
Brahmbhatt HB, Kigozi GK, Wabwire-Mangen FW, Serwadda DS, Sewankambo NS, Lutalo TL, Wawer MJ, Abramowsky CA, Sullivan DS, Gray RH;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
The objective of this study was to examine maternal and infant risk factors associated with MTCT and infant mortality. Methods: Data are from a prospective community-based study in Rakai District, Uganda . Infant HIV status (determined by PCR) was evaluated at 1-6 weeks postpartum and during breastfeeding.
In the context of a perinatal HIV Prevention trial in Thailand , severely immunocompromized women were offered HAART during pregnancy instead of enrolling in the study. Methods: Immunocompromised Pregnant women who opted for HAART initiation received baseline clinical and biological evaluations and were fol
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7089)
Veloso VG, Portela MC, Vasconcelos M, Matzenbacher LA, Grinsztejn B, Vasconcelos AL, Marins RP;;;; Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the coverage and factors associated to HIV counseling and testing (VCT) during antenatal care. Methods. We surveyed 2,234 postpartum women from 12 urban cities highly affected by HIV/AIDS in Brazil (Middle-West, Southeast, and South) in a cross-sectional study. A self-weigh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7090)
Muhenje O, Mbori-Ngacha D, Akun T, De Cock KM;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
The PMCT program at Nyanza Provincial General Hospital in Kisumu is being implemented in the context of extremely high HIV sero-prevalence (25%) in antenatal clinic (ANC) clients. The program offers an integrated antenatal package that includes HIV testing, infant feeding counseling and prophylactic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7091)
Kemal KS, Burger H, Foley B, Huggins P, Anastos K, Back S, Gao W, Robison E, Meyer WA III, Weiser B;;;; Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, Albany, NY, United States
Worldwide, 90% of HIV infection is transmitted heterosexually and women comprise half of infected adults. The genital mucosa are the sites of initial contact with HIV for the great majority of exposed individuals, including many infants infected by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Although antiretrovira
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7092)
Nduati RW, Mbori-Ngacha D, Oyieke J, Mwangi M, Inwani I, Yonga S, Nyamongo G, Kariuki J;;;; University of Nairobi and NARESA, Nairobi, Kenya
A significant proportion of 600,000 annual new infants HIV infections in sub Sahara Africa can be averted if PMTCT services are integrated into existing health facilities. Program The objective of this program was to integrate PMTCT services into the MCH and maternity at 4 Kenyan District hospita
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7093)
Jourdain G, Mary JY, Le Coeur S, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, McIntosh K, Sabsanong P, Bunjongpak S, Lamlertkittikul S, Sukhumanant T, Srivarasat Y, Hansudewechakul R, Lallemant M;;;; Harvard University, IRD 054, PHPT, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Despite zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis, HIV transmission still occurs in 5 -10% of infants. Because the mechanisms for early vs. late (or in utero vs. intrapartum ) transmissions differ, risk factors need to be studied separately. Methods: In PHPT-1, a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7094)
Coetzee D, Hilderbrand K, Gum M, Boulle A, Abdullah F;;;; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
The first PMTCT programme was started in South Africa in January 1999, using a modified Thai regimen, including voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and the provision of Zidovudine ( AZT ) from 34 weeks gestation and during labour. Women receiving less than 2 weeks of AZT are given
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7095)
Miguel R, Padua E, Cortes-Martins H, Almeida C, Paixao MT;;;; Instituto Nacional de Saude, Lisboa, Portugal
Several factors, such as preventive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and mother viral load (VL), can be determinant in HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). It has also been suggested that specific subtype and drug-resistant strains could influence the virulence and transmission of virus. Our aim was to as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7096)
Ojera Abusu J, Onyango S, Madraa E, Opio A, Namukose S, Nabisubi G, Barbara N, Nankinga J;;;; Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda has 1.3 million pregnancies annually which result in about 25,000 HIV positive babies in absence of intervention. PMTCT program was piloted in Uganda in 2000 at five health facilities, and since 2001 it is being scaled up to other health facilities. Scale up plan entails providing: in-servic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7097)
Njoroge A, Nderi J, Phillips E, Odhiambo J, Macharia D, Mbori-Ngacha D, Marum E;;;; Eastern Deanery AIDS Relief Program, Nairobi, Kenya
PMCT is one of the major strategies to prevent HIV infection in children. However, most models of delivery of PMTCT are based on mothers accessing care through standard clinics and hospitals. Mothers in resource poor settings such as urban slums often cannot access such facilities and depend on traditional birt
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7098)
Perez-Then E, Bautista C, Espinal R, Preble E, Tavarez-Rojas M, Gomez J, Canario A, Terrero P, Wilfert C, Ammann A, Shor-Posner G;;;; National Research Center on Maternal and Child Health (CENISMI), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
In 2000, the DR established an integrated package of interventions, including VCT, single-dose of nevirapine to the mother and to the child, C-section, and formula feeding, to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission. The Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF) provided support to develop the necessa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7099)
Marques R, Silva S, Ferreira A, Pineiro C, Serrao R, Mota Miranda A;;;; Infectious Diseases Department Hospital S. Joao & School of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and complications associated with the use of nelfinavir (NLV) containing antiretroviral regimens (ART) during pregnancy. Methods: Prospective study of the pregnant HIV-1 infected women who received NLV based ART therapy and their children. Demographic, immuno
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7100)
Gingelmaier A, Grubert TA, Kurowski M, Kaestner R, Kriegel S, Friese K;;;; 1st Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Antiretroviral combination therapies including nevirapine ( NVP ) and protease inhibitors (PI) are increasingly used in the treatment and for the prophylaxis of vertical HIV transmission in HIV-1-infecte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7101)
Bangendanye L, Ngabonziza M, Murray D;;;; Family Health International, Kigali, Rwanda
With USAID funding, FHI has been collaborating with the Rwandan MOH in developing PMTCT services. Most pregnant women do not know their serostatus. NPV administration poses challenges in a country where 73% of women deliver at home. Due to poverty, many HIV positive women have difficulty feeding their infant ap
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7102)
Taylor GP, Sarner L, Khan W, Navaratne L, Martin F, Mercey D, Lyall EG, Anderson J, Fakoya A, Hawkins DA, deRuiter A;;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
With the advent of effective combination anti-retroviral therapy patients are surviving longer and re-evaluating their life plans including fertility. Few studies have investigated disease-free survival of HIV infected women following pregnancy. Method: Chart review of all women diagnosed HIV seropositive a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7103)
Mbuyi B, Matendo R, Vaz LM, Callens S, Behets F, Kokolomami J;;;; UNC-DRC, Kinshasa, Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Encouraging partners of antenatal women to participate in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is challenging. Antenatal clinics in Kinshasa, DRC are typically regarded as women s domains, resulting in barriers for male partners to participate in programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PM
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7104)
Feiterna-Sperling C, Casteleyn S, Tischer A, Grosch-Worner I;;;; Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Pediatrics, Berlin, Germany
Under appropriate prevention strategies the majority of infants born to HIV-infected mothers do not acquire HIV infection. Routine immunization is recommended with the same schedule as for other children. Timely vaccination is necessary to achieve an early protection of the children and also to protect thei
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7105)
Galindo J, Tello IC, Duque J, Murillo S, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Shor-Posner G;;;; Corporacion de Lucha contra el SIDA, Cali, Colombia
To evaluate the acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant women in Cali, Colombia , and determine HIV prevalence and risk factors according to HIV serostatus. Method: The study was based on statistical analyses of anonymously recorded HIV test results during the follow-up of pregnant women. Health care profe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7106)
Welty T, Mitchell P, Fombe J, Mitchell G, Tih PM, Nkfusai J, Welty E, Bulterys M;;;; Life Abundant Programme, Nso, Northwest Province, Cameroon
Extending the benefits of recent breakthroughs in perinatal HIV prevention to the majority of HIV-infected African women remains a challenge, particularly in rural communities. In 1982, the Life Abundant Program (LAP) started training literate women from remote villages to provide antenatal care an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7107)
Ceriotto M, Rolon MJ, Warley E, Corazza R, Natiello M, Mayoral C, Cahn P, Zala C;;;; Hospital Dra. Cecilia Grierson, Guernica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Despite lack of controlled clinical data, HAART has become the standard of care to prevent HIV MTCT in the developed world. In Argentina , free access to HIV therapy, including generic copies of antiretroviral drugs are widely available to all eligible HIV-1 infected pregnant women. Formula is provided free
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7108)
Medley A, O'Reilly K, Schmid G, Sweat MD;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Introduction: Access to anti-retroviral therapies for those infected with HIV-1 in sub-Saharan Africa is extremely limited. If nevirapine were made widely available to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in these countries, it is possible that some of this nevirapine could be diverted from mother-to-child pre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7109)
Edwards M, La Fleur C, Osborne J, Woolford J;;;; National AIDS Programme Secretariat, Georgetown, Guyana
Introduction: Guyana is one of the countries hard hit by the HIV epidemic in the Western Hemisphere with an estimated adult seroprevalence of 2.7%. In November 2001, the Ministry of Health of Guyana launched a pilot Nevirapine-based Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme at 8 antenatal clinics in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7110)
Perez-Then E, Rivera L, Penna M, Tavarez-Rojas M, Wilfert C, Amman A, Shor-Posner G;;;; Maternidad Nuestra Sennora de La Altagracia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Nevirapine have been shown to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in breastfeeding women in Africa. There are no data, however, regarding the effectiveness of nevirapine in preventing MTCT in formula-fed infants. Methods: A consecutive sample of 66 HIV+ women were invited to participate in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7111)
Mduma B, Mompati K, Phegelo M, Gabaitsewe L, Mazhani P, Sibiya J;;;; Food and Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
Botswana , with an estimated HIV prevalence of 35.4% among pregnant women is among the most affected countries worldwide. Promotion and sustenance of optimal infant and young child (IYCF) feeding practices is therefore, a key component of the national PMTCT programme. Health care providers need to be knowledgea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7112)
Urdaneta S, Wigdahl B, Neely EB, Berlin CM, Schengrund CL, Lin HM, Howett MK;;;; Penn State University, Hershey, United States
Reduction of transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk is imperative. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a broad spectrum alkyl sulfate microbicide that inactivates HIV-1 in vitro at low concentrations (Howett et al., 1999). SDS is of little/no toxicity and is inexpensive. We hypothesize that alkyl sulfate mic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7113)
Guillen S, Gonzalez Tome MI, Ramos JT, Martinez M, Munoz E, Rojano X, Almeda J;;;; Department of Pediatrics. Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Antiretroviral therapy (ART), obstetric interventions and epidemiological changes in HIV-1 infection are modifying transmission from infected pregnant women to their newborns. Methods: An observational, prospective study was done in mothers-infant pairs from Jan 2000 to Dec 2002 in 12 Spanish hospitals in M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7114)
Gonzalez Tome MI, Guillen S, Ramos JT, Martinez M, Munoz E, Rojano X, Almeda J;;;; For the Spanish cohort of mother-infant pairs
Data on the safety of ART during pregnancy are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate possible toxicity and adverse events associated with ART. Methods: A prospective cohort of HIV-infected mother-infant was set up in Jan 2000. By Dec 2002, 522 HIV-1 infected pregnant women have been followed up in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7115)
Nogueira SA, Pinheiro T, Abreu TF, Machado ES, Lambert JS;;;; UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Less active and less costly prophylactic schemes are proposed to be implemented in poor settings to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT). However HIV prevalence in pregnant women in these regions is higher and their children must be effectively protected against it. To demonstrate the effe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7116)
Lolekha R, Chotpitayasunondh T, Culnane M, Asavapiriyanont S, Teeraratkul A, Naiwatanakul T, Baipluthong B, Levine WC;;;; Queen Sirikit National Institute for Child Health, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
Based on a review of Thailand s national prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) program, training activities are needed to improve the capacity of health care workers (HCW) to deliver PMTCT services and care for HIV-infected pregnant women and their children. Methods: A clinical PMTCT traini
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7117)
Baipluthong B, Ngamsiriudom B, Culnane M, Kullerk N, Lolekha R, Amornwichet P, Naiwatanakul T, Fox K, Kanshana S;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
As the HIV epidemic in Asia has spread to the general population, increasing numbers of pregnant women and their infants have become infected. PMTCT programs may be strengthened by sharing lessons learned across countries. The Thailand Ministry of Public Health and Thailand MOPH - U. S. CDC Collabo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7118)
Kullerk N, Naiwatanakul T, Amornwichet P, Baipluthong B, Singhagovin T, Sereesithipitak V, Boonyasong S, Kanshana S, Culnane M;;;; Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
In 2000, Thailand became the first resource-limited country to implement a national program for prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT). Data in 2003 indicate that >75% of HIV-infected pregnant women received at least one antiretroviral drug for PMTCT. The Ministry of Public Health has recogn
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7119)
Hollwitz B, Gingelmaier A, Groger S, Casteleyn S, Faul-Burbes C, Funke AM, Beichert M, Buchholz B, Clad A, Kuppers V, Goecke T, Weigel M, Grubert T;;;; Dept OB/GYN, Hannover Medical School/Working group HIV in OB/GYN in the German Society for OB/GYN, Germany
Retrospective analysis of course of pregnancy and fetal outcome of 594 pregnancies counseled in 10 reference OB/GYN departments should provide an overview of management concepts, occurring complications and the rate of mother-to child-transmission finally resulting. Methods: In 1999-2003 594 pregnancies of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7120)
Kraisintu K, Madabida R, Eksaengsri A;;;; MFN International Limited, London, United Kingdom
As of the end of 2002, an estimated 42 million people worldwide were living with HIV/AIDS. Approximately 70 percent of these people (29.4 million) live in sub-Saharan Africa. Of the 33 million people living in Tanzania , an estimated two million people are living with HIV/AIDS. Nine percent of Tanzania s active
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7121)
Leang B, Lynen L, De Munter P, Zolfo M, Huyst V, Wilson D;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Doctors taking care of PLWHA in resource-poor countries often have limited training in HIV-medicine. To provide technical support, the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITMA), with funds from the Belgian Directorate General for International Cooperation, established a telemedicine network in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7122)
Hirschhorn L, Fullem AM, Shaw C, Prosser W, Noguera M;;;; John Snow, Inc., Boston, United States
The need to rapidly scale up antiretorviral therapy (ART) programs in resource limited settings is widely recognized. A minimum essential package of services and site capacity are needed to ensure effective ART programs. However little is known about how to assess site readiness related to ART. Bas
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7123)
Castro JG;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
Introduction: After the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) a dramatic decrease in mortality related to HIV has been observed in developed countries. In the US, however, such decline has been less pronounced in women and ethnic minorities. The disparities probably represent less access to care rather th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7124)
Enzama AR, Mugyenyi P, Kityo C;;;; Joint Clinica Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
Issues; In Uganda 100% of sexually active people and 90% of the primary school age children are aware of the modes of HIV transmission and prevention. This is a result of the multi-sectoral intervention strategies. Therefore, Uganda should focus on HIV Treatment and Care. From 1994 to 2000 ART s were available only in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7125)
Perez J, Perez D, Orta M, Aragones C, Gonzalez A, Alvarez A;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kouri', Havana City, Cuba
In Cuba since 1986 trough 12/31/2000 there have been detected 5257 HIV+ persons among them 2330 had developed AIDS and 1116 died due to AIDS. Since June 2001 the country started the production of generic antirretroviral drug (ARV). The national HIV program gradually increase the number of AIDS patient under
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7126)
Woratanarat T;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Clinical trials on HAART have shown benefits on most patients. Thailand is one of the countries to provide large scale access to HAART with d4T + 3TC +
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7127)
Hoos D, El-Sadr WM;;;; Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
Ensuring adequate & continuous supply of antiretroviral therapy (ART) of assured quality to programs in less developed countries (LDC) has gained importance especially for international partners that support programs in multiple countries. The MTCT-Plus Initiative has established 12 HIV primary
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7128)
Leusaree T, Changmangkang S, Dettrairat S, Nunthakwang D, Chaifongsri R, Pultajuk U, Satasit P, Yasuda T, Lo YR;;;; Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Chiang Mai, Thailand
The Ministry of Public Health supports antiretroviral therapy (ART) for symptomatic HIV/AIDS patients and asymptomatic HIV with CD4 counts 200 cells/muL for clinical assessment and CD4 count. Methods: Collection of data from hospitals patients screened for the ART programme with CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7129)
Bruinsma Adams IK, Lima e Silva AL, Barbosa Silva E, Ferreira LM, Araujo Campos M, Braga Oliveira AE;;;; Clinica NS Conceicao, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
In a country with universal access to ARVT, monotherapy was prevalent until 1997, when HAART became standard of care. Hospital admissions, and deaths initially fell, but soon returned to 1996 levels. Method: Analysis of admissions and discharge outcome of 577 cases with at least one admission between Januar
Wangsaphung community hospital, Loei province, Thailand , launched a project called continuum care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) since 1997. We had special clinic for counseling and opportunistic infections treatment. When patients became to be full blown AIDS and/or unable to work, their families depr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7131)
Okome-Nkoumou M, Obiang GP, Essola Biba O, Okome-Miame F, Kendjo E, Kouna P, Boguikouma JB, Kombila M, Clevenbergh P;;;; Fondation Jeanne Ebori and Universite des Sciences de la Sante, Libreville, Gabon
In January 2002, Gabon entered the ACCESS Program to provide ARV therapy (ARV) at negotiated prices. To report the efficacy and safety of ARV therapy delivered at FJE. Methods: All the HIV-infected patients (pts) were prospectively included in the cohort. Demographic, biological and clinical data
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7132)
Kamarulzaman A, Petoumenos K, Lee CK, Ariffin N, Tan LH, Kaldor J, Dore G;;;; University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Like in many other developing countries, HAART has not been universally available to HIV-infected patients in Malaysia . The purpose of this study was to analyse the trend in ARV prescription and assess factors predicting the use of HAART in a cohort of HIV infected patients from two HIV clinics in Kuala Lu
ARVs offer the greatest opportunity for long time survival to millions of PLWHA in Africa, but even with declining costs, access is still not feasible for most of those in need of the life saving drugs. Governments have been promising widespread availability of ARVS to anxious populations, but progress seem
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7134)
Hoekstra U, Reeler A, Roy R, Lema K, Richardson J, Wilson A;;;; Axios, Paris, France
Currently, ARV treatment in developing countries is mostly limited to research based institutions as these are better qualified and funded. However, if access to ARV treatment is to be scaled up, a health systems approach is needed to ensure appropriate referral mechanisms and follow up of patients. Without suc
With increased global efforts to scale up access to HIV care in developing countries, major pharmaceutical companies have created initiatives that offer preferential pricing for programs in resource-constrained countries. With increased funding, the issue is not price but the need to establish and scale up sust
Introduction: Single dose intrapartum nevirapine or prenatal zidovudine for four weeks is used for prophylaxis in PMTCT programmes in low resource settings. Efforts to increase access to ARV treatment hold promise for use of HAART for PMTCT. MTCT Plus initiative provides family centered HIV care including use of HAART.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7137)
Kumarasamy N, Flanigan T, Solomon S, Anitha Cecelia J, Balakrishnan P, Chaguturu S, Mayer KH;;;; YRGCARE/VHS, Chennai, India
Production of ARV medications by generic manufacturers in developing countries has drastically reduced the price of combination HAART to less than one USD/day. Because concerns have been raised that generic medicines may not be equivalent to proprietary drugs, we evaluated viral load suppression of generic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7138)
Mary-Krause M, Lanoy E, Tattevin P, Perbost I, Poizot-Martin I, Dupont C, Costagliola D;;;; INSERM EMI 0214, Paris, France
Even in countries where HAARTs are widely available, proportion of patients (pts) who access to care only at an advanced stage of HIV disease remains important. We studied the demographical characteristics associated with Delayed Access to Care (DAC) and the influence of DAC on survival. Methods: The French
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7139)
Tawfik Y;;;; Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Recent cost reductions of antiretroviral drugs combined with the creation of the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria gave many developing countries, especially those hardest hit by the AIDS epidemic, the hope to implement large-scale HAART programs. Despite this progress, scaling-up HAART services will fa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7140)
Zachariah R, Teck R, Ascurra O, Gomani P, Manzi M, Humblet P, Nunn P, Salaniponi FM, Harries AD;;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels Operational Centre (Operational research), Brussels, Belgium
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of treating 3 million people with anti-retroviral treatment (ART) by 2005. In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients could significantly contribute to this target. ART (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7141)
Ngabonziza M, Martinez W, Murray D, Ngirabatware B, Mukadi YD, Stuart L;;;; FHI/Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Situated in one of the poorest neighborhoods of Kigali, Biryogo Medical and Social Center serves a population with an HIV seroprevalence of 12% among pregnant women and 22% among VCT clients. Since 1986, the center has provided integrated care to persons living with HIV with the exception of ART, which was only
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7142)
Murphy H, McDonald J, Ulysse J, Augustin A, Berggren R;;;; Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
Most women in resource poor countries do not have access to mother-to-child transmission prevention (PMTCT) services. The lack of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is a major barrier to PMTCT. In Haiti , the poorest country in the western hemisphere, the rate of HIV is highest in the region. Antiretrov
Reaching grassroots communities to inform them of the availability of ARV therapy and educate them through an effective community mobilisation model. Desciption: A picture based culturally relevant flip chart using story telling that builds on people s existing knowledge of HIV/AIDS and ARV therapy was develope
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7146)
Darkoh E;;;; Achap, Min of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
Patient enrolment and uptake seem to follow a sigmoid curve in Botswana s National ARV Program. This has serious implications for program managers. The first 4 ARV sites launched between Jan-July of 2002. By Dec, 4,044 eligible patients were registered with 3176 on ART. Between Jan-Dec 2003, 8 addit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7147)
Davis PL, Meundi AD, Ambika Devi Amma S, Aruna Rao K, Sebastian DA, Shetty AK;;;; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS in resource-poor countries is now considered a priority. This study evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of physicians regarding HIV-disease management in a high HIV prevalence area in Southern India . Methods: A self-administered questionnaire
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7148)
Hernandez R, Cosenza H, Tabora R, Margerie G, Sierra M;;;; Ministry of Health, Tegucigalpa, MDC, Honduras
With nearly 50% of all reported cases, Honduras concentrates the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Central America. AIDS has become the first cause of mortality among women in reproductive age and young adults. At the end of 2001, the government started to include funds to purchase ARVs; PLWAs began ART on July 2002, and wi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7149)
Micek MA, Gimbel-Sherr KH, Gimbel-Sherr SO, Matediana E, Rabkin M, Gloyd S;;;; Health Alliance International/University of Washington, Chimoio, Mozambique
As HIV/AIDS treatment programs expand in resource-limited settings, knowledge of the clinical characteristics of patients presenting for care will help to plan HIV-related services, including HAART. The MOH opened an HIV clinic in Beira, Mozambique in February, 2003. The clinic is open to all HIV-po
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7150)
Castro A, Leandre F, Raymonville M, Farmer PE;;;; Harvard Medical School and Partners in Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
The decontextualization of stigma from larger social, economic, and political processes, including access to comprehensive AIDS care, has hindered the possibility of advancing the understanding of AIDS-related stigma, has weakened efforts to address AIDS among high risk groups, and has created confusion around
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7151)
Ivers LC, Jerome G, Joseph K, Fraser H, Farmer PE, Mukherjee J, Leandre F;;;; Partners In Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
Ninety-five percent of persons with HIV infection do not have access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We describe a successful scale-up project for HIV treatment in rural Haiti . Haiti has the highest HIV prevalence in the western hemisphere (6%) and is the hemisphere s poorest coun
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7152)
Abrams EJ, El-Sadr WM, Rabkin M, Hoos D, Berkman A, Myer L, Hardy T, Rosenfield A;;;; MTCT-Plus Initiative at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States
Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in low resources countries (LRC) is a global imperative. Identifying feasible and sustainable ART regimens for adults and children requires consideration of multiple complex issues. MTCT-Plus Initiative established 12 programs Africa and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7153)
Dabis F;;;; A.R.T. LINC Collaboration, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Research is needed in order to evaluate and improve ART treatment programs in resource-limited settings. We report on the characteristics of clinics participating in a global network of treatment programs, the Collaboration of Antiretroviral Treatment Programs in Middle and Low Income Countries (ART-LINC).
Ministry of Public Health had distributed standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) for free to AIDS patients in high-risk areas by quota in year 2000. This study had objectives to evaluate treatment response and tolerance of ART and to identify factors predictive of clinical outcomes. Method: Patient data were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7155)
Palombi L, Germano P, Mancinelli S, Buonomo E, Emberti Gialloreti L, Erba F, Abdul Magid N, Narciso P, Perno CF, Liotta G, Scarcella P, Guidotti G, Vella S, Marazzi MC;;;; Public Health Department - University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
DREAM is a free-of-charge program that has been providing HAART to HIV+ patients for the last two years in Mozambique . The program is run by the Community of Sant Egidio in cooperation with a network of non-profit organization. DREAM is actually working in 7 health centers, distributed in four provinces of
8.2 million people live in Rwanda , a low income country with a majority rural population in Eastern Africa. HIV prevalence is 8.9%. 500,000 Rwandans are infected and 100,000 Rwandans are in need of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART). A multisectorial plan to fight HIV/AIDS exists. Scaling up care and support activi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7157)
Swai A, Lema K, Tregoning D, Reeler A, Saba J, Hoekstra U, Wilson A, Roy R, Richardson J;;;; Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
The HIV/AIDS epidemic has increased the need for tertiary care in developing countries. Tertiary care hospitals are often neglected by donors and if funded, the focus is on capital improvements of health infrastructure. However, good quality care may be more linked to management and systemic issues than to capi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7158)
Sow PS, Schillevoort I, Kityo C, Bissagnene E, Otieno CF, Waalberg E, Lange JM;;;; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fann, Dakar, Senegal
Introduction: Data on the effectiveness and safety of providing highly-active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in resource-limited settings is limited. This study assessed the clinical outcomes of HAART in African patients. Methods: In an open-label cohort program, 207 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected patients were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7159)
McGrath D, Herbst K, Fraser HS;;;; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Somkhele, KZN, South Africa
The treatment of a large numbers of HIV-infected patients requires data for clinical care, resource management and reporting outcomes to funders. A workshop was convened in South Africa in October 2003 to discuss EMR models for HIV care in resource poor settings (RPS). Participants had experience i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7160)
Ahmed FA, Mthiyane TC, Rustomjee R;;;; Isipingo Hospital, Durban, South Africa
The South African government is committed to the roll out of ARVs to eligible individuals. The full-scale public sector provision of ARV is planned for the first time in 2004. There are lessons to be learnt from the private sector management of ARV treatment over the last 6 years in South Africa. Methods: A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7161)
Houlihan H, Muyingo S, Sebati K, Foster L, Lauver H, Saba J;;;; Axios, Paris, France
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and Oesophageal candidiasis (OC) are some of the debilitating opportunistic infections that affect up to 30% and 40% of AIDS patients respectively. If untreated, prognosis is extremely poor. In addition, CM requires life long maintenance therapy.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7162)
Plipat N, Kottapat U, Khamcha B, Ruengkul O, Urujchutchairut P, Voradilokkul J, Phongsamart W, Lapphra K, Chearskul P, Vanprapar N, Chokephaibulkit K;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
In the year 2000, the Thai Ministry of Public Health launched an Access to Care (ATC) program to provide antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to HIV-infected individuals. The study objective was to examine socioecomonic and demographic data that influence ARV treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study of HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7163)
Msoma P;;;; Malawi Health Equity Network, Lilongwe, Malawi
Malawi is one of the most poorest countries in the world whose 70% of the 11 million population live in rural areas on less than USD1 per day and the literacy level is below 35%. The HIV prevalence rate among adults (15 to 49) is 14.4% translating into 760,000 adults infected with HIV, 58% of them women. The to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7164)
Kityo CM, Kabuye G, Mulindwa G, Ssali F, Atwiine D, Mugyenyi P;;;; Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda
Introduction: Uganda has succeeded in decreasing the rates of HIV infection but the large number of people already infected are coming down with AIDS and demand for life saving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). JCRC is a centre of excellence that pioneered the use of ART in Uganda in 1992 to address the gap of HIV care. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7165)
Suos PP, Kaoeun C, Nong K, Elliott J, Bortolotti V, Sarun S, Ly PS, Mean CV;;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Issues Despite the stabilization of the HIV epidemic in Cambodia the need for comprehensive care of people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) has nevertheless been increasing as the large number of people infected during the mid-1990s progress to symptomatic stages of infection. In 2003 an estimated 22 169 people developed AID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7166)
Joshi PL, Ghosh M;;;; National AIDS Control Organization, Government of India, New Delhi, India
With an estimated 4.58 million Indians infected with HIV in 2002, India accounts of 10% of the global HIV burden. Until recently, efforts to combat the epidemic have focused on prevention in high-risk behaviour groups and in the general population. Presently, India provides antiretroviral treatment (ART) for 1)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7167)
Cohn JA;;;; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, United States
As prices for antiretrovirals decrease, and funding for their purchase increases, personnel issues are becoming a major challenge for expansion of access. The author participated in training and consultation for governmental and non-governmental agencies in 3 Southern and 1 East African nation sinc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7168)
Akileswaran C, Lurie MN, Flanigan T, Mayer K;;;; Brown Medical School and Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
ARVs are increasingly becoming available to people infected with HIV in Africa. We reviewed studies documenting ART use in Africa in order to identify lessons learned. Methods: Searching academic databases and recent conference abstracts, we included all studies that documented patients (pts) receiving ART
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7169)
Villanueva A, Barahona N, Pineros J, Rivera M, Gonzales P, Badel M, Mishra U, Lurie M;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Barranquilla, Colombia
In Colombia , the law requires that all HIV infected people who need antiretroviral (ARV) treatment by WHO criteria must be granted access to ARV. There is little data in Colombia on successes and barriers to treatment and the new structure of national health sectors makes this difficult to implement.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7170)
Namagala E, Madraa E, Opio A;;;; STD/ACP Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
As the National Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Programme scales-up the provision of ART countrywide, it is faced with a number of ethical issues in implementing the National ART Policy and guidelines and in the sustainability of the National ARV Programme. There are a number of issues raised: Is the benefit from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7171)
Katjitae I, Mugala F, Kenyon T, Ithete T, Bonnaud C, Netherda M, van der Veen F, Amathila L;;;; Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
In 2002, HIV prevalence in Namibia among pregnant women was 22.3%. Until 2003, access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) had been limited to relatively few private patients through medical aid schemes or their own ability to pay. Through the commitment of the Government of the Republic of Namibia and its developm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7172)
Petitgirard A, Degui H, Cherabi K, Revault P, Colotte E, Malkin J;;;; ESTHER, Paris, France
ESTHER Initiative: Together for Network Hospital Therapeutic Solidarity), was launched in 2001. The goals are to share experiences between experts from different countries about HIV/AIDS treatment and care. The partnerships are based on twinnings between hospital teams, social and medical professionals, and NGO
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7173)
Ngabo F, Bouey P, von Zinkernagel D, Kagame A, Binagwaho A, Goosby E;;;; Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation, Kigali, Rwanda
The Rwanda Family Package offers wrap-around care for HIV-infected mothers and their families, focusing on treatment of STIs and OIs, and use of antiretroviral (ARV) medications and access to psychosocial services, nutrition support, and microfinance assistance. Methods: The enrollment cohort from March 200
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7174)
Perez DF, Perez LJ, Orta M, Trujillo A, Gonzalez A, Alvarez A;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kouri', Havana City, Cuba
Accesibility to treatment is a great burden, generic antiretrovirals of good quality could be a solution. This study undertaken at IPK, evaluated results from a clinical, virological and immunological point of view, and determined adverse reactions in 106 patients treated with nationally produced generic an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7175)
Tavares MI, Rodriguez M, Butler de Lister MJ, Toribio M;;;; UCAI- Ministry of Health Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
In Dominican Republic mutidonor technical support and funds are present, many local GO, NGO, FBO are involved, HIV AIDS has high political visibility thus local leadership to address the epidemic is of utmost importance. A Presidential Council has been set up to provide coordinating mechanisms and foras, but th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7176)
Boxshall M;;;; Lighthouse, Lilongwe, Malawi
How can the Malawian MoH rapidly scale up HAART in line with 3x5 without undermining its commitment to an Essential Health Package delivered through horizontally integrated, decentralised structures? Malawi is on the verge of a rapid scale-up of HAART services. Many pre-requisites are broadly in pl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7177)
Mpasanje R, Szumilin E;;;; Ministry of Health (Director curative services), Lilongwe, Malawi
Chiradzulu District, in the Southern region of Malawi , has a population of over 250,000. The HIV prevalence is estimated to be 20% in the adult population. 2,700 to 5000 individuals are in immediate need of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Method: The provision of ART has been achieved by the collaboration of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7178)
Taton M, Curt V, Kraft M, Siemer A, McCallister S, Mayers D;;;; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Brussels, Belgium
Tipranavir (TPV) is a non-peptidic protease inhibitor (PI) with potent activity against multiple-PI-resistant HIV-1 and is being evaluated in the Phase III RESIST program. To make TPV available to patients who cannot enter the Phase III trials, a multi-site, multinational, open-label, non-randomized program
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7179)
Calmy A, Pinoges L, Cirera A, Humblet P, Pascual F, Szumilin E, Torres V, Zachariah R, Ahoua L, Balandine S, Tassie JM, Ferradini L;;;; AIDS Working Group, on behalf of Medecins Sans Frontieres International, Belgium
MSF is in the process of scaling-up access to Highly Active Anti-retroviral Treatment (HAART) in resource-poor settings. HAART is given free of charge in MSF programmes and rely for the large part on registered generic Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) according to the WHO recommendations. We present data from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7180)
Pajuelo J, Cuellar L, Lopez R, Caceres C;;;; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
In preparation for launching a national program for HIV-AIDS treatment in Peru , a study was conducted to assess the HIV/AIDS situation and identify and discuss alternatives for its implementation. As a product of this study, a set of recommendations were presented with regard to program implementation: whe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7181)
Sallet JP, Steel G;;;; MSH/RPM Plus, Pretoria, South Africa
In November 2003, the South African government announced its antiretroviral treatment plan to be implemented on a large scale within the public sector. This posed a tremendous challenge for pharmaceutical services to successfully support this programme. Between February 1997 and September 2003, the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7182)
Naledi NT, Mazonde P, Darkoh E, Masunge J, Saasa I, Mudiayi T, de Korte D, Marlink R, Busang L, Myers J;;;; African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partenerships(ACHAP), Gaborone, Botswana
The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical outcomes of treatment naive patients on the national public sector ARV program during the first phase roll of the ARV program in the centres that are outside of Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana , a country in Sub Saharan Africa. Methods: Patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7183)
Lopez R, Cuellar L, Caceres C;;;; Accion Internacional para la Salud, Lima, Peru
In order to propose alternatives for a national HAART [highly active antiretroviral therapy] program (NHP) to be offered by the government of Peru , an assessment of access to therapy was needed. Methodology: A survey was conducted in 2002, including interviews with representatives from organisations - priv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7184)
Van der Veen FH, Serfontein T;;;; Family Health International, Windhoek, Namibia
In Namibia , about 100,000 persons (5.6%) of the total population are covered by private medical insurance. An online pharmaceutical management system covers since mid 2003 all claims for drugs dispatched through all private pharmacies in Namibia, including ARVs. Methods: Information from the online databas
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7185)
Lertpiriyasuwat C, Yachompoo C, Yuktanon P, Thanprasertsuk S, Leusaree T, Khemngern P, Ningsanond P, Simmons N, Srisongsom S, Levine WC, Ellerbrock T, Supawitkul S, Tappero JW;;;; Bureau of AIDS, TB and STI, Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Nonthaburi, Thailand
Although access to antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) is gradually increasing in Thailand , most eligible persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are not yet receiving these medications. We analyzed data on barriers to ARV access in three northern Thailand provinces with high numbers of reported AIDS cases. Meth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7186)
Todd JE, Grimwade K, Simoes E, Gove S;;;; LSHTM, London, United Kingdom
In many resource poor settings, clinical management of patients at primary health facilities is under great pressure. In order to facilitate the scaling up of ARV therapy, WHO have developed guidelines for the Integrated Management of Adult Illness (IMAI). Methods: Two nurses in Hlabisa District Hospital we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7187)
Ekong E, Akinlade O, Uwah A, Igbu T;;;; 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
It has been documented that more elderly HIV/AIDS patients tend to progress faster and have poor survival if untreated, and have a blunted CD4 cells recovery after starting HAART than younger patients. Several questions have been asked as to whether immune recovery is age dependent. This study compared outc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7188)
Khalsa AM, Gates JD, Jacobson K, Katsufrakis PJ, Lerner K;;;; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
The spread of HIV infection into previously low-volume areas has obliged inexperienced providers to become quickly proficient in HIV clinical care. However, increasingly complex standards of care create a significant knowledge and experience gap between HIV-experts and those without years of experience. Lessons
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7189)
Kheang ST, Janssens B, Van Damme W, Zachariah R;;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
The adult HIV prevalence in Cambodia is estimated at 2,6%, the highest in South East Asia. In order to offer AIDS care including highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA), the Cambodian Ministry of Health (MOH) and Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) attempted to integrate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7190)
Ananworanich J, Cheunyam T, Teeratakulpisarn S, Boyd MA, Ruxrungtham K, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Bangkok, Thailand
The declaration of Helsinki Paragraph 30 specifies that at study end every patient should be assured of access to the best proven treatment identified by the study. In reality it is very difficult to honor this commitment in resource-limited settings, especially in regards to antiretroviral drugs. HIVNAT is
Like the majority of the African countries, Cote D Ivoire since the 1980s is hardest touched by the HIV pandemic with the highest prevalence rate in westem Africa (10-12%). As an HIV/AIDS organization Ruban Rouge initiated a home based care project which comprises palliative care for advanced stage cases. The p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7192)
Phaladze NA, Human SP, Dlamini SB, Hulela EB, Sukati NA, Makoae LN, Seboni NM, Moleko M, Holzemer WL;;;; University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
Aim: This cross-sectional descriptive study explored how demographic variables (age, education, income) and severity of illness variables (AIDS diagnosis, time spent in bed per day, number of hospitalizations) affected the quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS in the four southern African countries of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7193)
Sukati NA, Mndebele SC, Makoa ET, Ramukumba TS, Makoae LN, Seboni NM, Human SP, Holzemer WL;;;; University of Swaziland, Mbabane, Swaziland
This study explored self-reported strategies used by persons living with HIV/AIDS to manage common HIV-related symptoms. In 2002, data were collected from 743 persons living with HIV/AIDS in the four southern African countries of Botswana , Lesotho , South Africa and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7194)
Page-Shipp LS, Charalambous S, Roux S, Dias B, Sefuthi SC, Mohlakoana J, Malatji M, Churchyard GJ, Grant AD;;;; AngloGold, Johannesburg, South Africa
As antiretroviral treatment (ART) becomes more widely implemented, there is much debate around whether treatment should be given by a modified form of directly observed therapy (DOT), following the DOTS model for tuberculosis (TB). We investigated attitudes to DOT ART amongst HIV -infected miners in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7195)
Voss JG, Seboni NM, Makoae LN, Human SP, Sukati NA, Holzemer WL;;;; NIH, NINDS, Bethesda, MD, United States
In developed countries, fatigue is one of the most distressing symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS, while symptom reports from developing countries are largely missing. Methods: A multi-site study was conducted to describe the prevalence of fatigue and identify related demographic and symptom variables.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7196)
Kirksey KM, Kemppainen JK, Mueller ME, Dole PJ, Voss JG, Corless IB, Holzemer WL, Sanzero Eller L, Hamilton MJ, Nicholas PK, Coleman C, Nokes KM, Reynolds N, Sefcik EF, Bunch EH, Wantland DJ;;;; California State University, Fresno, Fresno, United States
This study examined the relationships among body changes (lipodystrophy) using the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Assessment of Body Change and Distress Scale (AACTG) and select predictor variables. Methods: Using a descriptive design, data were collected at 16 sites in the United States ,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7197)
Li ZL;;;; Center of Disease Control, Ruili, Yunnan Province, China
This is a small board county of China with population of over 110,000, which shares board with Myanmar . HIV epidemic grows very fast from 1980s when a group of HIV positive people was discovered among IDUs. The latest data showed that HIV prevalence was 1.37%. OI maintains at high level among PLHAs.
The comprehensive community based services important for anti-retroviral treatment (ART) programs not only include aspects of VCT, PMTCT, lab screening, monitoring and management of toxicities and management of opportunistic infections, but equally important, include psychosocial interventions intergrated. Desc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7199)
van Oosterhout JJ, Bodasing N, Nyirenda C, Kumwenda JJ, Mallewa J, Zijlstra EE;;;; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) started in 2000 at the outpatient clinic of QECH, the only government hospital in the largest city of Malawi . To date, more than 1200 patients have initiated ART; patients buy anti-retrovirals at a government sponsored price. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional stu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7200)
Stenson AL, Charalambous S, Dwadwa T, Pemba L, Baggaley R, Grant AD, Churchyard GJ;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Counselling about ART is thought important to prepare patients for ART and enhance adherence. A 3-step ART counselling protocol was developed for a workplace-based ART program. We evaluated the counselling protocol to determine its effectiveness in delivering key information about ART and the perceptions th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7201)
Brubaker GR, Patterson J;;;; Interchurch Medical Assistance, Inc, New Windsor MD, United States
The epidemic of HIV/AIDS causes great physical and economic suffering for the patients and their families, and also puts an intolerable burden on the health system of the countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence. Most AIDS patients have no access to ARV treatment due to the high cost and therefore are subject to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7202)
Duncombe C, Kerr SJ, Ruxrungtham K, Dore GJ, Law MG, Emery S, Lange JM, Phanuphak P, Cooper DA;;;; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand
HIV disease progression in patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings has not been studied in a rigorous manner. As such, when to begin ART in these settings is unclear. Methods: The HIV Netherlands , Australia , Thailand Research
>80% of TASO clients come from beyond 35km radius from the centre. This costs averagely [dollar]4/person/return journey. 35% of Ugandas population live below the poverty line and >90% of the rural population live on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7204)
Mtullu SK;;;; Tanga Aids Working Group (TAWG), Tanga, Tanzania
Cost sharing has made modern health services unaffordable by poor and disadvantaged population thus limiting access to these services. Traditional Medicine (TM) offers opportunity for reaching the poor at a little added cost. Tanga Aids Working Group (TAWG) a local NGO comprising Health proffesionals has been co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7205)
Panwar M, Kaul S, Sakhuja A;;;; MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
Local health service providers (LHSPs) are first line of treatment and care providers in community. They charge affordable fee, easily accessible and have good rapport with community. There are evidences to say that people have faith in their treatment and regime, even if they lack sufficient technical knowledg
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7206)
Mngqundaniso NC, Peltzer K;;;; Human Sciences research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
UNAIDS (2000) has propagated the collaboration with traditional healers (TH) in HIV/AIDS prevention and care in Africa. Various training programmes have been developed and conducted but little has been evaluated. Method: Studies were reviewed (1) on the efficacy of traditional healing in relation to HIV/STI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7207)
Negi R, Kaul S, Mehra S;;;; MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
Mother to Child transmission (MTCT) is the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15 in India , adding about 30,000 new cases every year. The Prevention of Mother to Child transmission (PMTCT) project aims at developing an intervention model at the community level in a resourc
Cambodia has an estimated 157,000 people living with HIV/AIDS (2.6%). As the epidemic evolves an increasing number of people are becoming sick with AIDS. Services for people living with HIV/AIDS are becoming more accessible, but people living in rural areas often lack access to these services, feel isolated and
Cambodia has an estimated 157, 500 adults (2.6%) aged 15-49 years living with HIV. This represents a stabilization of prevalence but the evolution of the epidemic means that there is an increasing of people with living with AIDS. New AIDS cases in 2002 was estimated to be about 19,000 and new deaths related to
Post-partum maternal and infant morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Pune, India , enrolled in an observational cohort study, was examined. Methods: Between August 2002 and December 2003, HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were enrolled and followed for up to one year post-p
There are minimal data on the use of ARVs in limited resource settings and few answers to feasibility, efficiency and acceptability in the developing world. We report the Moroccan experience which is one of the first experience of HAART in Africa. Methods: Prospective study of a cohort of HIV positive patie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7212)
Eriki M, Sims R, Awori Oketch M, Pearson N;;;; Mildmay International, Jajja's Home, Kampala, Uganda
In the rural areas of Uganda , whilst there are some programmes providing care for orphans, there are few that provide care for children living with HIV/AIDS. Jajja s Home rural day care programmes were developed by Mildmay International, modelled on their Jajja s Home programme in Kampala but adapt
Use of generic antiretrovirals in the treatment of AIDS could be a way more people can access therapy for AIDS in resource poor settings. Morbidity profiles in individuals exposed to these drugs are of interest. We analysed morbidity in people with AIDS who are on generic HAART. Methods: HIV positive women
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7214)
Prasithsirikul S, Prasithsirikul W, Sirisakulveroj M, Chumpathat N, Chaovanich A;;;; Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand
HIV has been epidemic in Thailand for decades. However,limited data were published about pain and management of pain in patients progressing to AIDS. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence and severity of pain, and the impact of pain on quality of life as well as how to manage HIV/AIDS pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7215)
Chu HY, Thielman NM, Kaale L, Lyamuya F, Bartlett JA, Crump JA;;;; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
Home-based care (HBC) is an integral component of a comprehensive package of care for HIV/AIDS worldwide that has traditionally focused on palliative care. There are few data on the clinical characteristics of HBC clients in Africa. To evaluate the suitability of an African HBC network for the delivery of a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7216)
Serajul Islam AQ, Zaman D, Aziz R, Chowdhury AK, Meraj Z, Sharma NC, Alam MS, Ullah MS, Dey NR;;;; Chittagong Medical College and Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Though Bangladesh is a Country of low prevalence for HIV/AIDS, Positive Cases are increasing day by day. Facilities for clinical care are in the very early stage and access to treatment is inadequate here. The Clinical Care Protocol for PLWA is yet to be developed and the purpose of this study is to develop a p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7217)
Jayaweera DT, Lolayekar S, Campo R, Rodriguez A, Tanner T, Garg V, Kolber MA;;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
The population mentioned above, tend to be non-adherent with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We evaluated the response to treatment at 96 weeks in this population who initially participated in a study with once a day direct observed therapy (DOT), followed by weekly contact, using
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7218)
Moolphate S, Tsunekawa K, Yanai H, Yamada N, Summanapan S;;;; TB/HIV Research Project (RIT-JATA), Chiang Rai, Thailand
Day Care Centers (DCCs) located in district hospitals in Thailand provide medical, psychological and social care to People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and encourage PLWHA s participation in the management. This survey assessed the psycho-social and economic impacts of the DCCs services to PLWHA and the co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7219)
Hojman MA, Manonelles GV;;;; Municipalidad Malvinas Argentinas, Malvinas Argentinas, Argentina
To develop a clinical algorithm that improve the sensitivity of surrogate markers to initiate the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource limited settings. Design: A retrospective evaluation of total lymphocyte counts (TLC) to predict the CD4 lymphocyte count. Methods: A total of 66 p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7220)
Francis LK;;;; Institution, Harare, Zimbabwe
For 12 years The Centre responded to overwhelming numbers of HIV infections were access to basic medical care, let alone ARV therapy, is unobtainable. We developed a holistic model of care and treatment named The Table of Health based on nutritional intervention, vitamin supplementation, psychosocial suppor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7221)
Mukabi AM, Nyagah RN;;;; St. Mary's Hospital Mumias, Mumias, Kenya
High poverty levels among individual community members make the support given to PLWAs and OVC seem insufficient and unable to alleviate their suffering. High stigma also makes patients hide their status and some community members refuse to support the affected. St. Mary s Hospital Mumias in Western
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7222)
Punitha JV, Baskeran C, Edward V;;;; World Vision, Chennai, India
90% of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in India , especially women and children, have no access to medical care due to limited resources. Stigma and discrimination attached to HIV hinder PLWHAs and those at risk to even come for VCT. Despite reduced costs of ARVs, most people needing them still cannot affor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7223)
Wangila SW, Nyagah R;;;; Family Health International, Kakamega, Kenya
Home-based care is one of the newer interventions that are being implemented to deal with the explosion of AIDS clients in Africa. In WesternProvince of Kenya two home-based care projects are being implemented to serve the population in need and to learn lessons on how to make such programs sustainable. Descrip
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7224)
Desai MB, Desai BB;;;; Institute of Aids care and comfort, Vadodara, India
Objective and study design: To determine if cervical neoplasia can be prevented in patients suffering from human immunodefiency virus. Method: Serologically proved 62 HIV positive cases underwent Pap smear examination before initiation of antiretroviral treatment and all cases with abnormal Pap smears underwent colposc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7225)
Wangila SW, Nyanjom GO;;;; Family Health International, Kakamega, Kenya
There are three main models so far adapted for care and support for PLWHAs: hospice, integrated and community models. Both approaches have demonstrated to work but not without problems linked to management, supervision, ownership, and coverage, among others. Both projects have demonstrated that a VCT centre is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7226)
Desai BB;;;; Institute of Aids care and comfort, Vadodara, India
To determine whether regular praying for 30 minutes daily had influence on HIV patients. Method: 380 asymtomatic HIV positive patients and 43 HIV negative spouses were given the Beck s depression inventory. All cases had undergone counseling. They were encouraged to engage themselves in 30 minutes of prayer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7227)
Pitchairaj S, Baskeran C;;;; World Vision, Madurai, India
Tamil Nadu State is the hub of India s HIV/AIDS epidemic. 45% of India s reported AIDS cases from 1986 to 2003 is a whopping 45%. The reported 1% HIV incidence among women visiting antenatal clinics is an average; in Namakkal, it was 4% in 2002. Reports of large recent increases of new cases (9,714 in 2001 to 2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7228)
Liu JP, Manheimer E, Yang M;;;; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
HIV-infected people and AIDS patients often seek complementary therapies, and herbal medicines are the mainstay of the alternatives. Patients might seek such remedies because of unsatisfactory efficacy, high expenditure, and/or adverse effects of conventional medicines. The objectives are to assess the bene
Hospitals of Surin-province, Northeast Thailand , have been providing ART in collaboration with Medecins sans Frontieres France for more than 700 patients (pts) since 2001. As initiation of treatment in resource-constrained settings is often delayed, a high proportion of pts starting treatment presented in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7230)
Auma E;;;; Kitovu Mobile AIDS Home Care & Orphans Program, Kampala, Uganda
Despite the several years of Kitovu Mobile Home based care activities in the community, there is an increasing number of PLWHAs and those affected by HIV/AIDS opting to be cared for. However, there are few health care providers and development workers trained to enhance access to care for all people in the comm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7231)
Calmy A, Goemaere E, Durier N;;;; Medecins sans Frontieres, Geneva, Switzerland
ARV treatment in resource-poor settings has been proven possible. However, the challenge is now to implement these programs on a larger scale. We aim to show which models MSF has used in providing ARVs in its projects. We analysed 10 MSF projects in Africa and Asia representing more than 6000 ARV t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7232)
Harding R, Stewart K, O'Neill JF, Marconi K, Higginson IJ;;;; King's College London, London, United Kingdom
The high HIV prevalence and lack of treatment access necessitates quality sustainable end-of-life and palliative care in Africa. However, coverage funding and clinical training in this specialism have been severely limited, exposing those at the end of life to unnecessary suffering. This study aimed to info
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7233)
Thumi Kamuhia C, Horsfield GE;;;; Nairobi, Kenya
Africa is no stranger to catastrophy. Most African countries have experienced various types of disaster, floods, famine, epidemic disease, but in most instances have survived to rebuild their communities and continue their lives. Africans are a resilient people, and over time have developed values and methods o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7234)
Muyingo S, Grigoni S, Dintruff R, Clary H, Steele J, Ben-Am M, Sebati K, Saba J;;;; Axios, Kampala, Uganda
Access to diagnostics and treatment is not only about availability but also the capacity of local health facilities to procure, store and prescribe drugs; diagnose diseases and scale up. This paper describes a model of cooperation among pharmaceutical companies, governments and health care institutions to maxim
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7235)
Gedik G, Wheeler M, Dreesch N, Odell V, Goede H, Essengue M, Dal Poz MR, Adams O;;;; WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
Few developing countries have introduced ART on a large scale, so that the reported experience is generally based on small scale initiatives, especially in the high burden developing countries where the major challenge in achieving 3 by 5 lies ahead. This paper assembles relevant literature and rep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7236)
Sommers EA, Haines B, Porter KE;;;; AIDS Care Project, Boston, United States
Providing acupuncture to individuals with low incomes or in resource-poor settings is possible with the support of public health infrastructure. The AIDS Care Project (ACP) in Boston, MA opened an acupuncture clinic in 1989 in response to community demand for acupuncture services by people living w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7237)
Clevenbergh P, Janssens V, van der Borght S, van Cranenburgh K, Kitenge C, Gahimbaza L, Rinke de Wit T, Lange J, Rijckborst H;;;; PharmAccess International, Paris, France
The Heineken breweries decided in 2001 to offer ARV therapy to their HIV-infected workers in their African subsidiaries (OPCO). The implementation by the company s physicians is supported by PharmAccess International (PAI). These physicians had a limited experience of HIV treatment. Learning sessions and th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7238)
Spacek LA, Mwesigire D, Shihab H, McKellar M, Ronald A, Kamya MR, Quinn TC;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Although access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV care is increasing, HIV infected people in resource-limited settings bear the greatest burden of disease. The Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa provides HIV care to over 3000 people attending the Mulago Hospital AIDS Clinic (MHAC
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7239)
Kimaiyo SJ, Mamlin JJ, Nyandiko W, Mengech HN, Kwa-Otsyula BO, Carter EJ, Tierney WM, Einterz RM, Fife RS;;;; Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
A major challenge facing sub-Saharan Africa includes a focus on rapid scale up of treatment services. Demonstrating models of comprehensive HIV care that can work effectively in countries like Kenya is of the highest priority. One important resource is their academic medical community. Moi Teaching
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7240)
Mandell RS, Sommers EA;;;; The PanAfrican Acupuncture Project, Brookline, United States
The PanAfrican Acupuncture Project (PAAP) seeks to improve health and quality of life of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Africa. By training local healthcare workers to use simple and effective acupuncture techniques, communities can add these resources to their strategies for optimizing public health. D
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7241)
Atkinson J, Allen S, Kayitenkore K, Shutes EL;;;; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda
Challenges and proposed best practice in the development and adaptation of ARV protocols, particularly in the context of scaling-up of treatment. Based on the example of a Rwanda-based HIV research NGO, Projet San Francisco (PSF). PSF identifies many symptomatic HIV positive adults through Couples
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7242)
Liquidao A, Kuchenbecker R, Mbofana F, Benedetti M, Knauth D, Barcellos NT, Teixeira L, Dava N, Uate J, Machonisse MA;;;; AMODEFA, Maputo, Mozambique
Mozambique has an estimated population of 18 million inhabitants and a 13.6% prevalence of HIV-infection in persons with 15-49 years. Each day, 700 new cases of AIDS are expected in the country. Community Home-Based Care (CHBC) and Day Hospital (DH) have been defined as two of the four main strategies to implem
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7243)
Hogg RS, Chan K, Clotet M, Miller CL, Montaner JS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Lack of access to antiretroviral therapy is a global health emergency. The World Health Organization estimates that at least 3 million people should be on therapy by 2005. The objective of this study is to estimate the actual need for antiretrovirals among HIV-positive adults worldwide. Methods: This study
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7244)
Ilako F, Kimura M;;;; African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Kibera slum, Nairobi, Kenya is one of Africa s largest informal settlements. Health indicators are extremely poor and HIV prevalence is estimated at 20%, almost twice the national average. Despite ARV drugs being made available in a pilot programme implemented by African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7245)
Vaidya S, Saple DG, Pandey VP;;;; Human Healthcare & Research Foundation, Mumbai, India
NVP based HAART being most economical, is widely acceptable. High incidence of tuberculosis co-infection & coinciding hepatotoxicity of NVP with ATT regimens could be limiting factor. Present study compares outcome of either NVP based regimens or ATT when Detoxina tablets an indigenous hepato
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7246)
Akileswaran C, Macalino GE, Bhakta N, Mayer K, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S;;;; Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
This study examined the sources from which Indian HIV-positive patients received information regarding traditional therapy (TT) treatment for HIV. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 429 HIV-positive patients attending Y. R. G. Centre for AIDS Research and Education (Y. R. G. CARE) in Chen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7247)
Van der Borght SF, Clevenbergh P, Gahimbaza L, Kitenge-Lubangi C, Ngendahimana G, Nsalou P, Sianard P, Onyia N, Janssens V, Cranenburgh KC, Schellekens P, Lange JM, Rinke de Wit TF;;;; Heineken International Medical Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Since September 2001 Heineken s access to HAART program has gradually been implemented in Rwanda , Burundi , DRC, Republique du Congo and Nigeria . The program is an integral part of the regular medical services provided by Heineken to its employees and dependants in Africa.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7248)
Soto S, Cruz E, Perez-Then E, Ammann A, Shor-Posner G;;;; Robert Reid Cabral Children Hospital, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Information regarding survival rates in children living in developing countries where antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is not available is scarce. This study analyzed the overall survival (OS) rate of HIV positive children, without access to ARV, living in the Dominican Republic . Methods: A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7249)
Coetzee D, Goemaere G, Louis F, Reuter H, Darder M, Labatala V, Ntwana N, Van Cutsem G, Hildebrand K, Boulle A;;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Cape Town, South Africa
As the tide turns from adocating for ART as an important component of HIV service delivery in poor countries to aggressive and wide scale implementation, it is timely to reflect on the evolving experiences of early public sector ART programmes. In Khayelitsha, services have successfully introduced ART in a high
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7250)
Jones SA, Sherman GG;;;; Wits Paediatric HIV Working Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) guidelines have established criteria to clinically identify children with suspected HIV infection in order for them to be tested and receive specific management. Vertically exposed infants in low resource settings rely on this IMCI clinical assessment to b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7251)
van Pettegem J, Appels R;;;; MSF Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Nchelenge district has an HIV prevalence of 22% but it had no HIV specific health services prior to this program. The majority of this rural population has access only to the health center nearest their home. In 2001 MSF began to work with local partners in a community of 130,000 people on a home-b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7252)
Dole PJ, Nokes KM, Reynolds NR, Kirksey KM, Holzemer WL, Hamilton MJ, Coleman C, Corless IB, Sanzero-Eller L, Kemppainen JK, Nicholas PK, Wantland DJ, Sefcik EF, Huang E;;;; St. Vincents Hospital, NY, NY, United States
This study explores how alcohol abuse affects the HIV+ individuals ability to adhere to medical regimens, perceptions of their HIV disease, and their symptoms. Methods: Data were collected in a convenience sample of 1,072 adults from multiple sites in the U. S., Taiwan , and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7253)
Dong KL, Thomas CM, Mokoape NK, Mchunu TF, Thabethe Z, Mgwenya K, Ross D, Ajao O, Walker BD;;;; Harvard Medical School, Mass General Hospital, Boston, United States
St. Mary s Mariannhill is the only govt subsidized hospital serving a catchment pop of 750,000. Located in semi-rural KZN, antenatal HIV prevalence 50%, 75% of admitted adult/peds HIV+. In March 03, iThemba Family Care Centre began offering free ARVs to adults/children with advanced AIDS at SMH. Methods: En
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7254)
Srisongsom S, Supawitkul S, Siraprapasiri T, Kengtrong A, Poomirachayakul U, Thepsarn K, Ratchakij R, Piyaworawong S, Tappero JW, Levine WC;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
In Thailand , ARV therapy is increasingly available due to supportive national policy, declining drug costs, and international support. However, strong local systems are needed to ensure access and adherence, an issue that has been important for Mae Chan district, where 1,817 cumulative AIDS cases have been rep
CD4 testing is essential for appropriate management of HIV infection; however, little information exists on access to CD4 testing inThailand. Methods: We surveyed 31 hospitals regarding HIV care services, and HIV-infected outpatients attending 29 of these hospitals in three northern Thailand provinces from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7256)
Isaac WE, Massa AA, Iliya II;;;; Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
To establish the knowledge of Universal Precautions (UP) amongst Doctors and Nurses (D&N) in the AIDS era. Method: Questionnaire and interview of 451 Doctors and Nurses. Results: 228 (51%) were females and 223 (49%) males. 117 (26%) of D&N could not define UP. 90 (20%) don t know Accidental Exposure
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7257)
Isaac WE, Massa AA, Iliya II;;;; Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
To determine practices and perception of doctors and nurses (D&N) towards plwas as burden of Clinical care is increasing. Method: Questionnaire/interview to 451doctors and nurses. Results: 228 (47%) females and 223 (46%) males. 263 (47%) have worked for more than 16years. 367 (83%) have managed at least
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7258)
Reebye U, Torres R, Cottrell D, Harris H;;;; SRAHEC, Newton Grove, United States
There have been very few studies that have examined the post extraction outcomes in HIV positive patients, and currently there are no studies looking at the extraction outcomes in patients with the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study is to evaluate extraction outcomes in patients who have a dia
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7259)
Nwankwo N;;;; Cirrddoc, Enugu, Nigeria
People living with HIV infection are faced with the task of maintaining optimal nutritional status despite an increasing insult to immune system integrity. Early intervention and attention to nutrition needs can have long-term benefits for these individuals. Proactive nutrition intervention can result in fewer complica
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7260)
Ndayisaba JD, Fo[eumlx JM, Kamusine A, Haag AL, Mora C;;;; AFXB Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Rwanda is among the countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS. The national prevalence rate is 13.5%. As part of a strategy to support infected and affected people living with HIV in the cities of Kigali and Gitarama, heads of affected families (HIV+ and HIV-) are encouraged by AFXB Rwanda to form groups of 10-12 p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7261)
Tan SH, Melinda Lee LY;;;; Kuala Lumpur AIDS Support Services, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia is arising. Counselling students are expected to handle more HIV/AIDS related issues in their future work place. A study was carried out to ascertain their readiness to work with PHA, overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS phobia and feeling at ease to discuss sexual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7262)
Malek A, Sallam S, Hassab A, Mahfouz A, Gawad E;;;; High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt
To identify health care providers (HCPs) gaps and needs regarding HIV/AIDS knowledge, perception, attitudes, and practice, and to test different CME educational approaches among them. Material and Methods: 500 professional medical HCPs working in Alexandria were enrolled in a randomized controlled intervent
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7263)
Tugenberg T, Wyatt MA, Ware NC;;;; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Constructive relationships between health care providers and patients being treated for HIV/AIDS are critical to treatment success. Trust, caring, and expertise have all been cited as important components of such relationships. As-yet unexamined, however, is the impact of the urgency patients sense in their
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7264)
Moss VA, O'Keeffe CM, Luyirika E, Downing J;;;; Mildmay International, London, United Kingdom
If access to ARV s is to be increased effectively in resource limited settings, there is a need for training that equips multi-disciplinary teams of health workers to integrate the use of ARV s into holistic, comprehensive medical care programs that promote understanding and adherence by the patients. Descripti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7265)
Daftary MN, Robinson T, Obisesan O, Reddy R, McNeil J, Delapenha R, Harris K, Donkoh N, Mody VR, Mark C;;;; Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
With the rising number of HIV/AIDS admissions at our institution, a study was initiated to assess and evaluate antiretroviral prescribing practices for inpatients utilizing pharmacists, nurses and physicians in order to ensure optimal therapeutic benefit in the management of HIV infection. The study objecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7266)
Dieckhaus KD, Pfeiffer CA, Vontell SC, Williams AB;;;; University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
The success of medical education is traditionally gauged by performance on written examinations whereby factual knowledge can be assessed. The application of this didactic knowledge into real-world clinical skills is difficult to assess by written examinations alone. Methods: We developed a novel evaluation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7267)
Smitakestrin S;;;; AIDS Cluster, Department of Disease Control, MOPH, Nontaburi, Thailand
To study compare burn-out of AIDS care providers in NGO shelter and GO shelter in Thailand on 2001. Variables used in the study were sex, age, marital status, education, economic status, organization, family relationship and the effects on burn-out, population included 75 care providers. Methods: Questionna
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7268)
Olawale FA, Oladapo OO, Adesina VA;;;; Positive Life Association of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
There have been various complaints of inadequate access to HIV/AIDS services among PLWHA and other people in various government and private health institutions in Oyo State of Nigeria . Despite the presence of various AIDS service governmental and non-governmental organizations in the state, there was no effect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7269)
Ntuli N, Kganakga C, Dweba N, Majavu Z;;;; MSF, Lusikisiki, South Africa
In SA an estimated 600000 people need ARVs now. Due to a lack of PHC doctors, it is indispensable that nurses manage ARV programs when scaling up in SA s 70% rural population. A nurse-based ARV program is piloted at PHC clinics in Lusikisiki, in rural SA. It serves a population of 300 000 with 1433
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7270)
Stuart L, Adungosi JA, Torpey K, Ngabonziza M, Mukadi YD, van Praag E;;;; FHI/Arlington, Arlington, United States
Medication adherence counseling, prior to and after treatment initiation, has become accepted as integral to antiretroviral therapy. Adherence counseling has the dual objectives of pre-start assessment of patient readiness for treatment and on-going monitoring of adherence after ART has started. In many setting
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7271)
Quach L, McGarvey S, Mayer K, Lurie M, Espocito C, Trinh H, Do P, Cao T, Dansereau L, Nguyen L, Nguyen TT, Bui DK;;;; Brown University, Providence, United States
Back ground: Health care providers in Vietnam have been facing an increase in the number of HIV patients and little is known about physicians preparation for addressing this increase in HIV positive patients in their practices. Understanding health care provider knowledge, attitudes and practices toward HIV/AIDS treatm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7272)
Takano M, Ikeda K, Watanabe M, Ogane M, Oka S, Kimura S;;;; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Early diagnosis of HIV infection means that initiation of treatment can be timed to ensure maximum benefit and may serve to bring about a reduction in HIV transmission risk behaviors. It has been reported from various settings that 30%-40% of persons with HIV infection already have decreased CD4 cell counts
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7273)
Zhao H, Bian Y;;;; School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and willingness of care about AIDS among community health nurses and the relations among these variables. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 57 community health nurses from department of community health of two hospitals and one community hospital. Results: Mea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7274)
Rabkin M, Makuka I;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
In 2003, the MTCT-Plus Initiative launched demonstration programs in 8 countries. Each provides multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS care to families in resource-poor settings; patient counseling and education play a central role at each site. At several sites, additional peer educator programs were initiated with the su
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7275)
Mawar N, Irwin K, Stockman A, Pandit A, Mahajan U, Tripathy S, Paranjape R, Salovey P;;;; National AIDS Research Institute,(ICMR), Pune, India
Stigma and discrimination often undermine HIV/AIDS prevention, testing, treatment and care. This paper reports on origins and consequences of stigma and discrimination of HIV/AIDS patients in one government hospital in western India . Research Methods: The findings come from a hospital situated at the city
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7276)
Mtwisha L, Orrell C, Lewis M, Matoti K, Wood R, Bekker LG;;;; The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Patient treatment adherence remains a major concern for the success of antiretroviral programs worldwide. One of the obstacles to adherence is insufficient knowledge about the treatment and its side effects and outcomes. Yet, in busy community antiretroviral programs there often is insufficient time or trained
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7277)
Makuka I, Sinkala M, Wamalume C, Luhanga D, Porter S, Worley S, Stringer EM, Rabkin M;;;; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Peer educators have been used in many different roles for HIV education and outreach, but little has been reported on their use for psychosocial and adherence support in ARV treatment programs. In April 2003, we initiated an HIV care and treatment program at a Lusaka government clinic with support f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7278)
Okongo B, Kerr A, Namagala E, Madraa E, Namusoke D, Simmons C, Mpiima S, Adair M, Weinstein M, Mujisha G, Chang H, Dunigan N, Kenya-Mugisha N;;;; Uganda Cares, Kampala, Uganda
Purpose: The Ministry of Health Uganda estimates that about 200,000 people are in direct need of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, but only 5% have access to it now. UGANDA CARES is an initiative designed to provide ARVs along with comprehensive clinical care for HIV+ people living in rural districts of Uganda. This abst
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7279)
Calabrese C, Polissar N, Koprowicz K, Kim J, Fitzpatrick A, Aickin M, Standish L;;;; NCNM - National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, Oregon, United States
Acupuncture is one of the most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments among HIV positive patients in the US. Published analyses of outcomes are rare. Methods: This study was a longitudinal survey of HIV+ patients intended as hypothesis-generating towards future clinical tria
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeB7280)
Calabrese C, Kelly K, Polissar N, Kim J, Aickin M, Standish L;;;; NCNM - National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, Oregon, United States
Abstract: There is high use of complementary and alternative medicince (CAM) among HIV positive patients in the US. One of the more common is the use of botanical products. Analyses of health outcomes associated with use of the different therapies have been rare. Methods: This study was a longitudinal survey of HIV+ pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7281)
Massad E, Strazza L, Carvalho HB, Azevedo RS;;;; Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The main purpose of this study is to determine the female inmates risks of HIV transmission before being arrested through their habits and behavior and also of their partners . Methods: This study was carried out in a Sao Paulo State Penitentiary. We found 299 female prisoners but only 290 accepted to partic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7282)
Kumar A, Singh B;;;; Q. E. Hospital & University Of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, St. Michael, Barbados
Since mid nineties programs have been implemented to reduce the mother to child transmission of HIV. These included public education and availability of free antiretroviral treatment coupled with antenatal counseling and screening for HIV infection and provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis. We describe th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7283)
Cheng H, Qian X, Cao GH, Zhi YH, Gao YN, Jiang QW;;;; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
HIV prevalence ranges from 10% to 60% among former blood donors (FBDs) in China . There are few insights as to why the prevalence differs so greatly. To identify risk factors for HIV infection among FBDs in rural China. Methods: FBDs from a village in a county in central China experiencing a larg
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7284)
Audu RA, Salu OB, Musa AZ, Onyewuche J, Funso-Adebayo EO, Iroha EO, Ezeaka VC, Adetifa IM, Okoeguale B, Idigbe EO;;;; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba-Lagos, Nigeria
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7285)
Harris NS, Fowler MG, Sansom S, Lampe M, Ruffo NM;;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
The use of Zidovudine (ZDV) in reducing perinatal HIV transmission by almost 70% was demonstrated in 1994; subsequently, ZDV was recommended for the reduction of perinatal HIV transmission. Optimal reductions in perinatal HIV transmission have been demonstrated in populations in which the HIV-infected mothe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7286)
Kaba MJ, Tokunaga M, Dabanga MH;;;; NGO, Bangui, Central African Republic
Context: C. A. R is one of the most affected by HIV/Aids which a prevalence rate estimated to 15%. According to the studies, by the lock of preventive interventions, 25 to 40% of central African children born of seropositive mothers HIV will be infected during birth. In order to reduce mother to children HIV transmissi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7287)
Stringer JS, Maclean CC, Chansa K, DeGroot A, Stringer EM, Goldenberg RL, Chipimo M, Acosta E, Vermund SH, Kankasa C, Sinkala M;;;; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Single-dose nevirapine ( NVP ) is used widely for PMTCT, although in most sites, the proportion of HIV-infected women and exposed infants that ingest NVP (coverage) is unknown. We evaluated program coverage and reasons for its failure.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7288)
Peters V, Dominguez K, Liu KL, Gill B, Brooks A, Mapson C, Browne S, McFarlane K, Thomas P;;;; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, United States
We describe factors associated with perinatal HIV transmission (PHT) in NYC. Methods: Data on 2,600 HIV-exposed singleton deliveries 1997-2001 were abstracted from infant records at 22 NYC sites participating in CDC s Pediatric HIV Surveillance and Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Projects. 3-arm antiretro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7289)
Szwarcwald CL, Souza PR Jr, Barbosa A Jr, Carvalho MF, Castilho EA;;;; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
In Brazil , although improvements have been obtained recently, mother-to-child HIV transmission remains in unsatisfactory levels. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effective coverage of detection of HIV infection during pregnancy, at the national level. Methods: The effective coverage o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7290)
Papathakis PC, Rollins NC, Van Loan M, Chantry CJ, Bennish ML, Brown KH;;;; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa
The nutritional and immunologic consequences of breastfeeding by HIV-infected women are unknown. These women are particularly vulnerable to nutrient deficiencies from potential dietary inadequacies and likely increased nutrient requirements associated with HIV. The aim of this study was to determine the eff
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7291)
Thorne C, Agangi A; Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica, Naples, Italy
With the low rates of MTCT achievable and the impact of HAART on quality and length of life, HIV-infected women may be more likely to want to become pregnant. Here we describe the subsequent childbearing of HIV-infected women enrolled in the European Collaborative Study (ECS), a cohort study set up in 1985.
Mitochondrial toxicity has been described in infants exposed to long course regimens of antiretrovirals (ARVs) for PMTCT and a hyperlactatemia was observed in 30% of HIV+ infant treated by HAART. We estimated the prevalence of hyperlactatemia and its risk factors in infants born to HIV+ women exposed peripa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7293)
Becquet R, Viho I, Ekouevi DK, Sakarovitch C, Goulheon Z, Kouadio S, Dabis F, Bequet L, Timite-Konan M, Leroy V;;;; Unite INSERM 593, Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France
To assess within a PMTCT project in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire , the uptake of a nutritional intervention aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) with early cessation after 3 months of age in order to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV in keeping the benefits of breastfeeding (BF) during this period.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7294)
Becquet R, Bequet L, Ekouevi DK, Sakarovitch C, Tonwe-Gold B, Viho I, Dabis F, Leroy V;;;; Unite INSERM 593, Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France
To investigate within a PMTCT project in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire , knowledge of health-care workers concerning infant feeding practices, and their attitudes and beliefs regarding the alternatives to prolonged and predominant breastfeeding (BF) proposed within this project. Methods: The Ditrame Plus project i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7295)
Fabiani M, Declich S, Ayella EO, Nattabi B, Akongo C, Di Vincenzo A, Ogwang M;;;; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) is the first filter to accede to programmes aimed at reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT). This study is aimed at evaluating factors associated with VCT acceptance among ANC attendees in the Gulu distr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7296)
Tsague L, Njom Nlend A, Engozo'o A, Menyeng L, Bassirou B, Eyong C, Musi S, Mossoko J, Macauley I, Monny Lobe M, Tene G, Tietche F, Eteki N, Penda I, Same Ekobo C, Tejiokem M, Tchendjou P, Tih P, Koulla S, Affana G, Zekeng L;;;; National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cameroon s PMTCT program started scaling up its interventions in year 2002. Since then, a great variation in HIV testing uptake (range: 16%-95%) has been described between differents sites. We have conducted operationnal research in some PMTCT sites to identify why there has been such a diversity of accepta
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7297)
Matida LH, Marcopito LF, Succi RC, Marques HH, Della Negra M, Grangeiro A, Hearst N;;;; Program of STD/AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Brazil was the first developing country to provide free, universal access to antiretroviral treatment for AIDS patients. The Brazilian experience, thus, provides the first evidence regarding the impact of such treatment on survival of perinatally acquired AIDS cases in the developing world. This study exami
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7298)
Havuga E, Sebuseruka S, Sergi C, Uwimana C, Kagame A, Arendt V, Rudasingwa J, Servais J;;;; Treatment Research Aids Center RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
The acceptability of HIV-1 testing of pregnant women was high in Rwanda (90%) but few partners came to be tested (8%). This rate might be higher with the family approach for clinical care. Methods: The pregnant women tested HIV-positive in a periurban health center of Kigali, Rwanda have been asked to invit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7299)
Bajunirwe F, Muzoora M, Gasumuni M;;;; Mbarara University, Mbarara, Uganda
Mother-to-child transmission programs are struggling with low uptake of services. The study aims to determine the barriers that might hinder the uptake of services for PMTCT in southwest Uganda Methods: Cross-sectional study. We interviewed 404 pregnant women attending 4 antenatal clinics where PMTCT servic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7300)
Samuel NM, Read JS, Srijayanth P, Van Hook H, Dharmarajan S, Jacob SM, Junankar V, Bethel J;;;; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
Our objectives were to assess the acceptance of education regarding HIV infection and transmission and of voluntary HIV counseling and testing among antenatal women in rural Tamil Nadu, and to describe the HIV seroprevalence among women who accept HIV testing. Methods: Women registered in the antenatal clin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7301)
Viani RM, Hubbard P, Araneta MR, Ruiz J, Chacon E, Lopez G, Spector SA;;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
Recent estimates are that 0.09% of pregnant women in Mexico are HIV-infected. However, we have recently estimated that the infection rate is considerably higher among women delivering at the Tijuana General Hospital in Baja California, Mexico. In a study of the feasibility of implementing HIV counseling and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7302)
Remis RS, Swantee C, Fikre Merid M, Palmer RW, Fisher M, Wu K, King S, Millson ME, Calzavara L, Whittingham E, Major C;;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Following the announcement of favourable results of the ACTG076 trial, few pregnant women in Ontario were tested for HIV. In 1999, the Ministry of Health implemented a program to offer HIV testing to pregnant women; we examined subsequent HIV testing patterns. Methods: In Ontario, prenatal screening for HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7303)
Chi BH, Thierman S, Levy J, Sinkala M, Makuka I, Degroot A, Stringer EM, Goldenberg RL, Stringer JS;;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Antenatal voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) represents an important component of PMTCT. Despite a district-wide, opt-out policy in Lusaka, one-third of pregnant women decline testing. Methods: In 2003, we administered a 49-question survey to antenatal clinic attendees to determine individual-level pred
In Vietnam , HIV prevalence in antenatal women was estimated at 0.4% in 2002, a four-fold increase from 1998. The Vietnam Ministry of Health has promoted HIV testing for all pregnant women since 2000; however, test acceptance rates are low (less than 30% in 2002). We sought to identify the factors associate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7305)
Servais J, Lenoir V, Uwimana C, Sergi C, Arendt V;;;; Treatment Research Aids Center RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
A program of prevention of Mother-To-Child HIV-1 Transmission (pMTCT) exists since 1999 in a pilot site in Rwanda (Kicukiro health center, Kigali). This program provided zidovudine (short course) and free access to formula feeding. We have tested the hypothesis of an improved acceptability of the pMTCT proc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7306)
Rattanasuporn N, Plipat T, Sangwanloy O;;;; Bureau of Epidemiology, Nonthaburi, Thailand
In Thailand ,a new surveillance system had to be developed to measure the impact of the national perinatal prevention program. The system was designed to: estimate perinatal transmission rates,identify factor associated with perinatal prophylaxis failures, define the numbers of HIV - infected childr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7307)
Longo B, Liuzzi G, Tozzi V, Anzidei G, Budabbus MA, Eljhawi OA, Mehabresh MI, Antinori A, Girardi E, Visco-Comandini U;;;; Centro Operativo AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanita/National Institute Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
In the HIV-1 epidemic that occurred in the Benghazi Children Hospital in Libya in 1998-99, at least 402 children and 20 mothers were infected by a monophyletic CRF2-AG strain. The children had clearly acquired the infection through nosocomial transmission. The objective of this study was to determine the tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7308)
Kladsawad K, Plipat T, Rattanasuporn N;;;; Office of Disease Prevention and Control 12, Songkhla, Thailand
This study determines the availability of the PMCHT services and a perinatal HIV transmission rate before PMCHT became a national programme Methods: This retrospective study aims to study HIV transmission rates from mother to child in the public hospitals of 8 provinces: Chiang Rai; Prae; Ubon Ratchathani;
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7309)
Thepnarong W, Rattanasuporn N, Plipat T, Pongutta S;;;; Rayong Public Health Office, Rayong, Thailand
In 2000, Thai Ministry of Public Health implemented the programme for Prevention of mother-child HIV transmission (PMCHT) for all HIV positive mothers. This study determines pattern of laboratory used for diagnosis of HIV in children in 8 provinces in Thailand between 1999-2002. Method: A retrospective coho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7310)
Matida LH, Moncau JE, Succi RC, Barreira D, Kalichman AO, Marcopito LF;;;; State Program of STD/AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: Sao Paulo (SP) was the first State of Brazil to have a program for STD/AIDS (1983). This program provide universal access to free assistance, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment (HAART) for AIDS patients. SP State have the largest number of pediatric AIDS cases in Brazil. This study examined cha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7311)
Aungkasith P, Plipat T, Rattanasuporn N, Sangwanloy O, Thanaisawanyangkoon S;;;; Surin Hospital, Surin, Thailand
The programme for prevention of mother-child HIV transmission (PMCHT) was implemented nationally since 2000. The objectives of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme in Thailand . Method: A decision analysis framework was used to compare number of HIV-infected newborn under 3 scenarios;
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7312)
Fernandez AD, Roman-Poueriet JA, Duke W, Garcia-Szabo RR, Mercedes F, Jaquez A, Martinez A, Bebell L, Berger D, Abrams EJ, Nicholas SW;;;; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
The province of LR, with 213,000 inhabitants, has >9,000 registered sex workers and a large migrant rural work force that travels between the DR and Haiti . The prevalence of HIV in childbearing women was estimated annually from 1996-99 using small sample sizes from two sentinel sites: a public hospital (av
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7313)
Levy JW, Kaseba CM, Matongo I, Mulenga H, Stringer JS, Stringer EM;;;; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
The natural history of HIV infection in a postpartum breastfeeding population in Zambia is not well described. Methods: As part of a contraceptive clinical trial in Lusaka, Zambia, we prospectively followed HIV-infected women and their infants for up to two years postpartum. Women were enrolled at 6-8 weeks
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7314)
Dube S, Boily MC, Gregson SA;;;; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Research has established that antiretroviral treatment and avoidance of breastfeeding or early weaning are effective methods to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We have used a decision analysis model to estimate the effectiveness of ART to mothers and infants and breastfeeding avoidance in preve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7315)
Gallagher MT, Malhotra IJ, Mungai P, Wamachi A, Ouma J, King C;;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
Co-infections with HIV, malaria, and helminth infections are common among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa and may increase the risk for mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case control study among women attending antenatal clinics in the Kenyan Coast prior
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7316)
Anderson JE, Sansom S;;;; CDC, Atlanta GA, United States
Very low rates of mother-to-child transmission are possible with appropriate antiretroviral prophylaxis. Routine voluntary HIV screening is recommended for all pregnant women as early as possible in prenatal care. However, not all are tested. Perinatal prevention programs need information on the number and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7317)
Lionel J, Buck J, Gopalakrishnan G, Cu-Uvin S, Flanigan T, Mayer T, Jasper P;;;; Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
The prevalence of HIV in antenatal clinics is over 1% in parts of India , yet little is known about obstetric and fetal outcomes in this population. Methods: Retrospective chart review to investigate obstetric complications and fetal outcomes of all women(109 HIV infected, 23,227 HIV uninfected) delivering
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7318)
Murphy R, Peters V, Gill B, Dominguez K, Thomas P, Weedon J, Liu KL, Handelsman E;;;; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, United States
The 1999 CDC HIV surveillance case definition requires at least two negative virologic HIV tests (e.g. DNA PCR) of which one is done at >4 months of age, and no positive results, to exclude infection in HIV-exposed infants. We examined the negative predictive value (NPV) of DNA PCR tests and the positive pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7319)
Hurkchand HP, Levine JB, Makuluma H, Molapo M, Molefe N;;;; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
a cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2002, to establish prevalence rates of HIV and STIs (Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea) in a coal mining town, eMbalenhle. It is anticipated that the high levels of HIV and STIs will be used to guide a large scale intervention, supported by coal
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7320)
Hurkchand HP, Levin JB, Makuluma H, Molapo M, Molefe N;;;; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
a cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2001, to establish prevalence rates of HIV and STIs (Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea) at community mobile clinics in a coal mining town, Dunusa. Methods: 155 adults were recruited, 79 male and 76 female, consecutively from community mobile cli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7321)
Thuong NV, Long NT, Hung ND, Truc LT, Nhung VT, Van CT, O'Farrell N;;;; Pasteur Institute, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Little is known about STI prevalence in Vietnam . This study was therefore done to determine the prevalences of selected STIs and correlates of chlamydia (CT) or gonorrhoea (NG) infection among female sex workers (FSWs) in border provinces of Vietnam. Methods: 911 FSWs in 5 border provinces of Vietnam (Laic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7322)
Sashikumar DS;;;; PRAKRITI, Hosur, India
Unlike their cousins in Mumbai and Calcutta, the sex workers in Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India , do not operate in red light areas. They fall in different categories like lodge-based, brothel-based, street-based, home-based and highway-based. They had embraced the sex trade due to poverty, abandonment of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7323)
Azevedo RS, Strazza L, Carvalho HB, Massad E;;;; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: Risk behavior surveillance for HIV-AIDS infection is generally made for specific groups like injecting drug users, prostitutes and prisoners for mapping behavior and planning intervention strategies but has left out most of the potential population at risk for HIV infection. Methodology: To offer new way
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7324)
Chattopadhyay M, Chattopadhyay K, Sharma M;;;; Durbar Mahila Smanwaya Committee, Kolkata, India
In the scenario of accelerating growth in HIV transmission, prevention and treatment of STIs have an outstanding impact over the HIV epidemiology. STD/HIV Intervention Programme (SHIP), widely known as Sonagachi Project is running a primary prevention programme, presently in 45 Red Light Areas of We
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7325)
Bolding G, Davis M, Sherr L, Hart G, Elford J;;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
This paper examines whether HIV positive gay men living in London use the Internet to meet other HIV positive men for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Although UAI between two HIV positive men does not present an HIV risk to an uninfected person it may present a risk of sexually transmitted infection (ST
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7326)
Pinto VM, Buchalla CM;;;; SDT/AIDS - Reference and Training Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
To analyze the epidemiological aspects of STD in women who have sex with women, in Sao Paulo., Methods: Cross-sectional study, with interviews and analysis of gynecological examination and clinical tests in women, by spontaneous demand and snowball sample. The author studied the characteristics of these wome
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7327)
O'Farrell N, Sano P, Sopheap S, Sun LP, Vun MC, Godwin P;;;; NCHADS, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Objectives: To assess standards of STI care through a survey of public sector health facilities in four border provinces of Cambodia- Battambang, Svay Rieng, Prey Veng, and Koh Kong. Methods: Health Care Facilities providing STI care were identified. Interviews were held with Health Care Providers (HCP) and STI patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7328)
Janjua NZ, Akhtar S, Hutin YJ;;;; The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Therapeutic injections administered in healthcare setting are one of the major risk factors for blood-borne pathogens. Decreasing injection overuse could have major impact on reduction in transmission. Such an intervention may be better conducted if the initial estimates of injection frequency are available
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7329)
Mlingo M, Brown J, Kelly C, Mutevedzi T, Chirenje ZM, Padian N;;;; University of Zimbabwe/University of California, San Francisco, Harare, Zimbabwe
To compare the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and demographic factors among HIV infected and HIV uninfected women at enrollment into a condom promotion study. Methods: Between June 2000-July 2001, we enrolled 997 sexually active women aged 18-64 years from post natal and family planning
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7330)
Freeman EE, Glynn JR;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
To determine risk factors for HIV transmission within married couples in four urban populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: Data from a cross-sectional population-based study was used. Representative random samples approximating 1000 men and 1000 women in each of four cities of Kisumu (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7331)
Musi Sama S, Monny Lobe M, Ndjitoyap Ndam EC, Tsague L, Menyeng L, Zoung Kanyi Bisseck AC, Mossoko JJ, Macauley BI, Zekeng L;;;; National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cameroon has taken impressive strides to fulfil the national ambitious target in health care managements. Transfusion transmitted infectious agents (TTAs) namely HIV, HBV, HCV and T.pallidum pose a serious public health problem in Cameroon as unsuspecting population can get infected through Blood Transfusio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7332)
Marcus U, Hamouda O, Voss L, Bremer V, Kollan C;;;; Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
Germany has experienced a large increase of syphilis incidence among men having sex with men (MSM) since about 2000, after reaching an all time low during the 1990s. In the same time period only a small increase of newly diagnosed HIV infections among MSM has been observed. Methods: We analysed data for HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7333)
He N, Detels R, Chen Z, Zhu J, Jiang Q, Wu M;;;; Fudan University & University of California, Los Angeles, Shanghai, China
To understand the profile of sexual behavior and the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among male rural migrants in urban areas. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on male rural migrants working in construction sites, markets and factories in Shanghai, Ch
Widow inheritance (WI) has been associated with increase in HIV/STI infections among the Luo ethnic community in Kenya . Previous studies suggesting a relationship between the two variables have never undertaken scientifically controlled study, making the postulations on such an association to be empiricall
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7335)
Jerajani HR, Lindan CP, Kumta S, Setia M, Gogate A, Klausner J, Engelman J, Moncada JE, Mathur M;;;; LTMM Hospital and LTMG College, Mumbai, India
The pattern of STIs in developing countries has been changing. Genital ulcers (GU) are common in India and often diagnosed and treated by clinicians as chancroid. Methods: Male patients attending two STI clinics in Mumbai were tested serologically for HIV 1&2, HSV2 IgG, VDRL, TPHA; with urine PCR for ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7336)
Liu ZD;;;; China CDC, Beijing, China
Bars have been shown to be risky context in a number of cultures and social settings. Is this also a risky context in China ? Formative work from qualitative interviews on social networks in China has identified several activity settings. This study examines these leisure activities and the extent to which
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7337)
Kasprzyk D, Woelk GB, Montano DE, Bittner AC Jr, Richard C, Reason L;;;; NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial
A national survey of risk behaviours and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural growth point villages (GPs) in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international trial in 5 countries. The trial is using the Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention to prevent STD/HIV transmission. To establish risk prior to int
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7338)
Kant S;;;; AIIMS, New Delhi, India
Introduction: In a given community, HIV infection initially appears among persons with high risk behavior e.g. those with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). As the epidemic matures, HIV infection makes inroad among persons with low risk behaviour e.g. attendees of antenatal clinic (ANC). We explored the correlation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7339)
Brito VO, Parra D, Carneiro RS, Kanashiro CK, Facchini R, Buchalla CM;;;; City Health Dept. Sao Paulo, NEPAIDS - USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sao Paulo is a city of 11 million inhabitants undergoing progressive increase of homeless population. The prevalence of infections among this population is little known. Our study had the objective of estimating the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis, and the risk factors related to homeless populatio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7340)
Kumarasamy N, Balakrishnan P, Solomon S, Anitha Cecelia J, Srikrishnan AK, Chaguturu S, Mayer KH;;;; YRGCARE/VHS, Chennai, India
Background and Sexually Transmitted infections(STI) facilitate the transmission of HIV infection. Knowledge about STI burden in the community will help to design better HIV prevention strategies. With this background this study was carried out to determine the prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7341)
Rahman M, Sultan Z, Ahmed MU, Choudhury FA, Waris SA, Nessa K, Khan MA, Alam A;;;; ICDDR, B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Periodic monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae provides essential clues regarding emergence of drug resistance and treatment options. Strategies for control of gonorrhea have relied on the use of highly effective and often single dose therapy administered at the time of diagnosis. Met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7342)
Lacerda RM, Costa MA, Francez JC, Teixeira MT, Hearst N, Chain LC;;;; Prefeitura Municipal de Santos, Santos, Brazil
Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and emergency contraception offer new options for the prevention of HIV infection and pregnancy in victims of sexual violence. A multiprofessional service was recently created in Santos, a port city in Sao Paulo State with high rates of HIV/AIDS, to offer comprehensive care to vic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7343)
Serajul Islam AQ, Aziz R, Akhter B, Barua N, Begum S;;;; Chittagong Medical College and Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Though Bangladesh is still a country of low-prevalence for HIV/AIDS, migrant workers are on the top of the list of PLWAs in Bangladesh, which are almost 60% of the total PLWAs. It is assumed that their wives and the new-born babies are also at risk for HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to assess the sero-p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7344)
Rugpao S, Ruengkris T, Sethavanich S, Werawatakul Y, Lamlertkittikul S, Rungruengthanakit K, Morrison CS, Celentano DD;;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
STD incidence is one indicator of the level of risk for HIV spread in the community. Participants in the Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of HIV Acquisition (HC-HIV) Study provided specimens for gonorrhea(GC), chlamydia (CT), and syphilis testing every 3 months for 2 years. Methods: GC and CT were diagno
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7345)
Rahman M, Hoque M, Mamun SA, Rahman ZA, Sultan Z;;;; Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major obstacle in the control of gonorrhea. The study was conducted to asses cure rate with single-dose oral Azithromycin and Azithromycin and cefixime for treatment of gonococcal urethritis. Materials and methods: A randomize
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7346)
Rahman M, Hoque M, Mamun SA, Hoque M, Rahman ZA, Faisel AJ;;;; ICDDR, B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Information on the etiology of male urethral discharge symptom is important as most of the cases of urethral discharge in male are treated by syndromic management. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of different etiological agents in male with urethral discharge in Dhaka,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7347)
White PJ, Carcamo C, Garnett GP, Hughes JP, Campos P, Segura P, Chiappe M, Astete S, Garcia PJ, Holmes KK;;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
The risk factors for sexual acquisition of HIV are similar to those for other sexually-transmitted infections (STI), and many STI are cofactors for HIV infection. However the relationships between STI and HIV epidemiology are unclear. A better understanding of these relationships should allow patterns of ST
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7348)
Wilson TE, Augenbraun M, Binger K, Cintron A, Curney R, Hogben M, Liddon N, Rubin S, Williams J;;;; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
Objectives: To assess STD partner notification rates following a clinic-based behavioral intervention implemented in an urban, minority population seeking STD treatment in Brooklyn, NY, US. Methods: Between 1/03/02 and 9/30/03, 197 men and 153 women were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial through their site of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7349)
Long CM, Leon S, Klausner JD, Jones FR, Meza R, Giron M, Cuadros J, Pajuelo J, Coates T, Caceres C; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Syphilitic genital ulcers increase the transmission of HIV infection 2 to 5 times. Understanding the effectiveness of treatment in community-based studies is important in controlling syphilis and its impact on HIV transmission. Methods: As part of a large community-based STD/HIV prevention trial, we intervi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7350)
Joshi SN;;;; NARI, Pune, India
Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) plays central role in the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is more common among women infected with HIV. India has a dual burden of HIV infection and high cervical cancer rates.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7351)
Pequegnat W; NIMH/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, United States;
To determine prevalent STIs/HIV and behavioral risks among high-risk populations in nascent and mature HIV epidemic settings in preparation for conducting a community-level intervention in China , India , Peru ,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7352)
Miller M, Wagner ME, Neaigus A, Fernandez T;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Efforts to identify core groups of HIV infected individuals who may transmit infection efficiently (i.e., spread networks) will allow us to better target prevention resources. We examine whether HIV infected women who use drugs are more likely than uninfected women to have multiple STIs. Methods: 132 women
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7353)
Nemoto T, Iwamoto M, Wong S, Le MN, Operario D;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
The objective of this study is to explore behaviors and perceptions related to HIV/STD risk among male clients of Asian massage parlors in San Francisco. The study aims to understand clients sexual risk-related attitudes and behaviors with Asian masseuses. Findings of this study would inform the development
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7354)
Sullivan EA, Tiban K, Toatu T, Tabrizi S, Wang AY, Thi Thanh Thuy N;;;; School Womens and Childrens Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
The Marine Training College (MTC) in Tarawa provides training and overseas employment opportunities for young men from Kiribati as seafarers. Twenty-five (66%) of 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections reported in Kiribati have been in seafarers or their spouses. A cross-sectional risk-factor prev
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7356)
Tancredi MV, Tayra A, Caminada S, Alencar WK, Wolffenbutel K, Ruiz EC, Santos NJ, Gianna MC;;;; Referral and Trainning Centers for Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Aids Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
AIDS case surveillance provides major, but late information for detecting HIV transmission modes in the population, given the long incubation period of the disease. Thus, it is fundamental to seek other sources of information. STD reporting began in 1998 in the State of Sao Paulo and allow for the identific
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7357)
Minnis AM, Doherty I, Rodas CI, Kang M, Padian NS;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Few studies have examined the relationship between migration and STI/HIV risk and pregnancy among Latino heterosexual youth in the United States . Methods: We recruited a community-based cohort of 411 Latino adolescents aged 14-19 years from venues throughout a predominantly Latino neighborhood in San Franc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7358)
Jin FY, Prestage G, Van de Ven P, Mao L, Kippax S, Pell C, Donovan B, Kaldor J, Grulich A;;;; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a possible co-factor for the acquisition of HIV among HIV negative men. We examined the prevalence, incidence of HIV, syphilis (SY), gonorrhoea (GC) and chlamydia (CT) in gay men in Sydney, Australia , and investigated risk factors for these conditions. M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7359)
Sutrisna AS;;;; Family Health International, Jakarta, Indonesia
Objectives: To determine baseline prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and other reproductive tract infections (RTI) as well as sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics in female sex workers in seven selected cities in Indonesia Methods: Link confidential, cross-sectional survey among female sex w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7360)
Nagamune N, Nakase K;;;; Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
In Japan , previous research has reported that 25% of people who suspect sexually transmitted infection (STI) seek treatment. The present study was conducted to elicit factors associated with care seeking behaviors among adolescent Japanese females when STI is suspected. Method: A focus group discussion was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7361)
White RG, Korenromp EL, Orroth KK, Bakker R, Hayes RJ;;;; London School Of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
3 randomised controlled trials of STD treatment and behaviour change interventions have been tested in East Africa. In Mwanza improved clinic based syndromic STD treatment(ST) significantly reduced HIV incidence. However, trials of STD mass treatment in Rakai and of a behaviour change intervention with and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7362)
Sharad SN, Schensul SL, Singh R, Saggurti N;;;; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
There have been few studies of the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in community populations in South Asia in general and India specifically. At a time when both HIV and STD is growing in India, prevalence data extrapolated from high risk groups or STD clinics are inadequate as a base fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7363)
Mokaotle M, Martinson N, McIntyre J, Gray G, Chaisson RE;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an important public health problem linked to transmission of HIV. Studies from sub-Saharan Africa have shown improved STI treatment reduces HIV transmission. Although symptom screening is an inexact method of diagnosing STIs, there are no other freely available met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7364)
Colvin M, Shisana O, Connolly C, Simbayi L;;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
STIs and HIV infection are highly prevalent in South Africa . As risk factors for the acquisition of HIV, it is important to describe the distribution and association of STIs and HIV infection. Methods: A cross-sectional, national, household-based HIV prevalence survey was conducted using second-generation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7365)
van de Wijgert JH, Cornelisse PG, Moncada J, Munjoma M, Keawvichit R, Awio P, Mwale M, Sriplienchan S, Padian NS, Morrison C;;;; IATEC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Vaginal practices (i.e. cleansing, drying etc.) may be associated with reproductive tract infections (RTI), which in turn may be associated with HIV acquisition. Methods: As part of a cohort study on hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition in Zimbabwe (ZM), Uganda (UG) and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7366)
Pham HV, Nguyen HD, Tran KH, Le DH, Vu HT, Trinh TT, Ciesielski C, Luu CM, Kamb ML, La HH;;;; National Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
HIV in Vietnam is thought to be primarily spread via injecting drug use (IDU). We describe sexual transmission of HIV using syphilis data linked to annual HIV sentinel surveillance in 4 Vietnamese provinces. Methods: 6,900 high (STD patients, IDUs, CSWs) and low-risk (pregnant women [PW], military men [MM])
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7367)
Katoba J, Fylkesnes K;;;; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen and Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
We examine trends in the prevalence of syphilis over time and assess the relationship with parallel changes in HIV prevalence. Methods: The data stem from the national antenatal clinic-based surveillance system on syphilis and HIV. Data were collected in 1994, 1999 and 2002. Serum samples were tested for an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7368)
Kharsany AB, Frohlich JA, Mashego M, Makhaye GM, Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim QA;;;; CAPRISA, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Transmission and acquisition of HIV has been well recognized to be enhanced in the presence of STDs. To implement HIV prevention work targeting women, it is important to understand the epidemiological trends of STDS. Methods: This study was undertaken in Vulindlela, a rural community in the KwaZulu-Natal Mi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7369)
Tu D, Kos N, Culbert H, Migabo K, Amisi T;;;; MSF Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands
STIs have an important impact on HIV infections, both in terms of the rate of new infections and from co-infection due to Hepatitis B and Syphilis. The city of Bukavu, like other cities in the DRC, exists in an environment of chronic conflict and recurrent episodes of humanitarian crisis. This has resulted in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7370)
Weiss HA, Munabi S, Thomas S;;;; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
There is clear epidemiological evidence that male circumcision is associated with a significantly reduced risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. This protective effect is especially strong in populations at high risk of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and may be partly due to a protectiv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7371)
Watson-Jones D, Changalucha J, Weiss H, Clayton T, Tanton C, Chirwa T, Hayes R, Gavyola A, Rusizoka M;;;; African Medical and Research Foundation, Mwanza, Tanzania
Development and evaluation of new strategies to reduce HIV incidence in high risk populations are urgently needed. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is believed to be a particularly important co-factor in HIV transmission. The effect of HSV suppressive therapy on HIV incidence and HSV-2 and HIV
Despite high levels of knowledge about STIs and as a propeller for HIV infection, people still hesitate to seek immediate STD care. People continue with unprotected sex even though are on STD treatment. Referred sexual partners are reluctant to seek treatment, yet drug is free. This study identified determi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7373)
Tayra A, Tancredi MV, Ramalho M, Wolffenbuttel K, Ruiz EA, Alencar WK, Caminada S, Binelli CA;;;; CRT DST/AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Vaccination is one of the most effective prophylactic measures for opportunistic infections among HIV patients. The CRT vaccination service began in 1999 aiming at HIV, Testing and Counseling Center (TCC), and Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinic users, among others. This study aims to verify vaccinati
Women in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa are aware of their risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV infection. The use of the male condom and abstinence are the most effective protective measures, yet due to lack of negotiation power they are often not feasible. Hence, female controlled barr
Background- To determine the association of additional infections of transmitted sexual infections (STI) in MSM HIV positive. Methodology: A total of 5853 men were selected and studied for calculating prevalence of Hepatitis B, Syphilis, Herpes simplex, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealityc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7376)
Fayemiwo SA, Bakare RA, Odaibo GN, Olaleye DO, Sankale JL, Kanki P, Oni AA, Fasina NA;;;; Department of Medical Microbioloy, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
In Africa, HIV Infection has been mainly by heterosexual intercourse with Commercial Sex Workers, Long distant truck drivers and migrant labour workers as the groups at the greatest risk. This study evaluated the trend and association of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) with HIV-I infection among female
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7377)
Troussier T, Delatour F, Couturier E, Gerhart C, Solier N, Houette A, Catrou A, Cremieux AC;;;; Health French Ministery, Paris, France
Since 1999, a syphilis cases outbreak has been reported in France , especially in men having sex with men (MSM). Syphilis is very infectious, often with no symptoms, increases the risk of HIV infection transmission and shows a relapse in risky sexual behaviour. Public health objectives were i) to improve the sur
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7378)
Jerajani HR, Gautam M, Mathur M, Gogate A, Klausner J, Engelman J, Moncada J, Lindan C;;;; Professor and Head, LTMM College and LTMG Hospital, Mumbai, India
The pattern of STIs in developing countries has been changing. Genital ulcers (GU) are common in India and often diagnosed and treated by clinicians as chancroid. Methods: Male patients attending two STI clinics in Mumbai were tested serologically for HIV 1&2, HSV2 IgG, VDRL, TPHA; with urine PCR for ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7379)
Go VF, Quan VM, Bergenstrom A, Celentano DD, Giang PN, Nam LV;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Injection drug users (IDU) represent 60% of all reported HIV infections in Vietnam . As an indicator of the potential spread of the HIV epidemic from IDUs to the general population, we estimated the prevalence of STDs and identified risk factors associated with current chlamydia infection among IDUs. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7380)
Price MA, Chilongozi D, Malanda J, Miller WC, Kaydos-Daniels SC, Hoffman IF, Martinson FE, Namakhwa D, Cohen MS;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, United States
Little is known about the epidemiology of male trichomoniasis and its relationship to HIV infection. Male T vaginalis infection is not considered for first line treatment among men presenting to government health care clinics in Malawi . Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey of 1187 men attending e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7381)
Dal Fabbro MF, Freitas GM, Moraes SZ, Junior VG, Arruda JS, Guimaraes H, Botelho CA, Filho EA;;;; Health State Department, Campo Grande, Brazil
Diagnosis pregnants infected for HIV; HTLV 1-2; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Sphillis; Chagas Disease; Measles; Cytomegalovirus; Toxoplasmose; Virus Simplex Herpes and Fenilcetonuria(PKU) carrier during the trial of the prenatal; cut down the morbi-mortality of the women during pregnancy and their children wit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7382)
Pando Pateiro MA, Segura M, Marone R, Bibini M, Sosa-Estani S, Olson JG, Sanchez JL, Weissenbacher MC, Avila MM;;;; Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Introduction: MSM were one of the most at risk population since the beginning of the HIV epidemic in Argentina . A seroprevalence study from our laboratory detected 14% prevalence among MSM in 2000. In order to better understand the current HIV epidemic, a seroincidence study was carried out from 2000 to 2003. Patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7383)
van Dam CJ, Ndhlovu L, Searle C, Mzaidume Z, Williams BG;;;; Population Council/Horizons Program, Washington, DC, United States
Periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) has been used successfully to reduce the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among sex workers. The population-level impact of such programs on rates of STI and HIV among sex workers and the general population is unclear. Data and methods: In Carletonville,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7384)
Memon MA, Shah SA, Kristensen S;;;; SACP, Karachi, Pakistan
Pakistan has high rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes but the prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) among women in Pakistan is unknown as is the role of BV, if any, in contributing to these outcomes. BV causes 40-50% of vaginal infections among women of childbearing age and often goes unrecognized. Half of the BV ca
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7385)
Brown JM, Rungruengthanakit K, Rugpao S, Cornelisse PG, Padian N, Morrison C;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) is an indicator of sexual risk behavior and is an important facilitating factor for HIV transmission. Animal models suggest that sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, may influence the risk of HSV-2 acquisition. The objective of this analysis was to measure the prevale
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7386)
Persaud NE, Dewar D, Mc Pherson A, Peters A, Roach C, Torrington W, Ali M, Giddings C;;;; Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
To determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for HIV infection among persons attending the Genito-Urinary Medicine clinic. Methods: Two hundred and four consecutive persons who attended the Genito-Urinary Medicine (GUM) Clinic over a ten-week period participated in this study. Persons known to be HIV inf
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7387)
Ranjalahy Rasolofomanana J, Khan MR, Weir S, Behets F;;;; Institute National de la Sante Publique et Communtaire (INSPC), Antananarivo, Madagascar
Though the goal of the Madagascar National AIDS Control Program (CNLS) has been to keep HIV prevalence below 1%, this level was surpassed for the first time in 2003. STI rates are high in Madagascar, therefore further increase in HIV prevalence is likely unless STI/HIV prevention promptly reaches those most
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7388)
Ndhlovu L, van Dam CJ, Wilson D;;;; Population Council/Horizons Program, Johannesburg, South Africa
Introduction: STIs, including HIV infection, continue to be highly prevalent among sex workers in southern Africa. Targeted behavior change interventions and periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) of STIs have been proposed as strategies to reduce rates of infection among sex workers. An intervention study was conducted
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7389)
Zweibel M;;;; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
An annual RPR to screen for syphilis is recommended by the US CDC and is part of the standard of care for HIV-infected patients. It has been noted in prior studies that rates of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are increasing in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients. This may serve as a marker
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7390)
Sirivongrangson P, Bollen LJ, Virapat P, Chaovavanich A, Tunthanathip P, Ausavapipit J, Jirarojwat N, Charoenwatanachokchai A, Lokpichat S, Chantharojwong N, Suksripanich O, Supawitkul S, Tappero JW, Levine WC;;;; STI Division, Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Bangrak Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
In Thailand , few patients with HIV are routinely screened for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using sensitive diagnostic tests. We provided STI screening and treatment for women with HIV at two sites in Bangkok and assessed STI prevalence and CD4 count among persons screened. Methods: HIV-positive w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7391)
Coplan PM, Okonofua FE, Oronsaye F, Ogunsakin D, Ogonor JT, Collins S, Kaufman J, Heggenhougen K;;;; International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, United States
The high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Nigerian adolescents, up to 40%, prompted an intervention to improve treatment of STIs among Nigerian youth. Formative research indicated many youth sought no treatment for STIs or sought treatment from street pharmacists and other informal sector prov
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7392)
Violante T, Potts MD;;;; University of California, Berkeley, United States
Researchers have demonstrated that the lack of male circumcision (MC) may contribute to the sexual transmission of HIV in areas with low prevalence of circumcision and that MC may be used as an additional option to reduce HIV. However, no data exist to show prevalence of MC and if men would accept MC as an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7393)
Kajubi P, Kamya M, Kamya S, Chen SY, McFarland W, Hearst N;;;; Child Health and Development Center, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
While consistent condom use is effective in reducing individual risk for HIV infection, the public health impact of condom promotion in a generalized epidemic is less clear. Critics suggest that condom promotion could potentially undercut the reduction in numbers of partners that seems to have been the main
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7394)
Chillag KL, Smith DK, Collins BM, Tibe T, Kilmarx PH, Paxton LA;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
In preparation for vaginal microbicide trials in Botswana , community consultation and research activities were conducted to engage key stakeholders, elicit local concerns, and refine study protocols and procedures. Methods: Qualitative methods were used in Gaborone and Francistown to elicit barriers to and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7395)
Santos SS, Enohata T;;;; Casa da Aids, Hospital das Clinicas, :University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction of HAART resulted in significant increase in life expectance of HIV infected patients. This population is at risk for a variety of vaccine preventable infections. The National Immunization Program from Brazilian Ministry of Health elaborated recommendations for vaccine use in HIV infected peopl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7396)
van der Straten A, Montgomery E, Lee M, Chipato T, Ramjee G, Dinat N, Ellertson C, Padian N;;;; Dept of OBGYN, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
The diaphragm is currently being evaluated as a female-controlled method to prevent HIV/STIs. An essential component of its effectiveness is whether women can easily and correctly insert and remove the diaphragm. Methods: The Methods for Reproductive Health in Africa (MIRA) study is an ongoing randomized co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7397)
Buck JM, van der Straten A, Kang MS, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Posner SF, Padian N;;;; Department of OBGYN, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
When users are provided with a choice of prevention methods, they can try and compare their relative benefits. We qualitatively explored attitudes, perceptions and preferences between male condoms (MC) female condoms (FC) and diaphragms (DA) among women users and their male partners in Zimbabw
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7398)
Austin G, Beksinska M, Coffey P, Cohen J, Kilbourne-Brook M, Marrazzo J, Okromeshko S, Robertson J, Tam L, Thongkrajai E, Walker D, Zehrung D;;;; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Seattle, United States
While HIV rates among women are increasing throughout the world, current use of female-controlled disease prevention options remains low. Specifically, current uptake of female condoms is limited due to high costs and varied user acceptability. Methods: A second-generation female condom product is being dev
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7399)
Napierala S, van der Straten A, Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Chipato T, Padian N;;;; Department of Ob/Gyn and RS, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
In Zimbabwe where HIV prevalence is over 30%, women-controlled alternatives to male condoms are urgently needed. Methods: 405 women recruited from family planning (FP) clinics in Harare participated in a 2-month condom intervention study. At enrollment, they received education/counseling about male & fe
Participant eligibility screening for HIV clinical trials may involve screening of spouses or partners of HIV-infected persons. Data are presented on HIV-discordant couples identified during the process of screening HIV-infected women for a clinical trial of a candidate vaginal microbicide (Carraguard™
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7401)
Maharaj P, Rutenberg N;;;; University, Durban, South Africa
Understanding the factors that influence dual protection could assist interventions aimed at encouraging protective behaviour to reduce the risks of unwanted pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of dual protection and to identify factors that facilitate or impede dual pr
Vaginal microbicides to prevent HIV transmission may be used by HIV-infected women because they do not know their HIV status or believe the product may protect sex partners from HIV. Therefore, we are investigating the safety and acceptability of a candidate vaginal microbicide (Carraguard™) among HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7403)
Vickerman PT, Watts C, Delany S, Rees H;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Although microbicides may not provide as much protection as condoms, they could possibly be used when condoms can not. Until a product is available we will not know who will use microbicides, and the amount of protection they will provide against HIV. This study estimates the impact of a 40% HIV and STI eff
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7404)
Fawal HJ, Hoesley CJ, Reid C, Kapina M, Rivers A, Despard D, Vermund SH;;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
Limited data exist about the challenges encountered in the conduct of microbicide trials. We evaluated lessons learned from a US microbicide trial in Birmingham, Alabama and a Zambian preparedness study in Lusaka. Staff experiences and observations were solicited concerning participant-related, com
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7405)
Allman D, Myers T, Calzavara L, Remis R, Maxwell J, Travers R;;;; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
To investigate the effects of penile modifications, penile dimensions and condom use skill on condom breakage and slippage among gay and bisexual men. Methods: An anonymous, self-completed cross-sectional study recruited men within gay bars and bathhouses and community events and organizations in 13 communi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7406)
Bautista Bautista M, Garcia de Leon-Moreno C, Diaz Pardo N;;;; AVE de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
An effective strategy that contributes to the diminish STIs, including HIV/AIDS is the condoms social marketing held by trained staff in sexual health in a Condom shop that gives service since 2000. This condom-shop has generated copies of this model with similar condo-shops in all the country, proving its effi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7407)
Kalamalini A, D'Souza Yepthomi R, Kabeer P, Solomon S, Srikrishnan AK, Ganesh AK, Callahan M;;;; YRG CARE, Chennai, India
Women in monogamous relationships require educational interventions on HIV/STIs and female condom negotiation skills. Description Phase-1 comparative study of the Reality Female Condom and the Modified Reddy Female Condom, randomly assigned to thirty monogamous couples from three urban slums in Chennai. Women p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7408)
Rugpao S, Koonlertkit S, Pinjaroen S, Sinchai W, Wongthanee A, Sriplienchan S, Celentano DD, Morrison CS;;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Condom use for HIV/STD prevention in Thai couples has been infrequently applied. We describe patterns of condom use and sexual risks longitudinally among women receiving ongoing HIV risk reduction counseling. Methods: Women enrolled in the Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of HIV Acquisition (HC-HIV) Stud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7409)
Anyanti J, Ali B, Ankomah A, Omoregie G, Adedeji A;;;; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Background In Nigeria , condom breakage, real and perceived, has often been cited as a major reason by sex workers and their clients for not using condoms. Other reasons include the reported lack of sensitivity and the technological make up of the product; it breaks easily especially in sex work where lack of foreplay
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7410)
Galvao L, Macaluso M, Diaz J, Candido-Oliveira L, Kim D, Marchi N, van Dam J, Castilho R, Chen M;;;; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, United States
The female condom (FC) protects against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI), but no direct comparison has been made between the FC and the male condom (MC) in clinical trials. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention to promote correct condom use as well as the r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7411)
Israel-Ballard KA, Chantry CJ, Donovan R, Sheppard H, Carlson JR, Lonnerdal B, Sage AC, Abrams BF;;;; University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
Heat-treated expressed breast milk (BM) is an infant feeding option advocated by WHO, yet practical methods have not been systematically evaluated. The safety of two simple heating methods, Flash-heating (FH) and Pretoria Pasteurization (PP) is presented here. Methods: Fresh BM from healthy women volunteers
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7412)
Samarakoon S, Thayaparan P, Sivayogam S;;;; National STD/AIDS Control Programme, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka although soliciting sex is illegal the sex trade has become a lucrative business today. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among sex workers is increasing. Consistent condom use among them remain low. This study aims at describing the pattern of condom use among sex workers.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7413)
Siegfried N, Muller M, Volmink J, Deeks J, Egger M, Low N, Walker S, Williamson P;;;; Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
Six reviews and one meta-analysis have been published on the association between male circumcision and HIV infection. These reviews reach different conclusions and none provide detailed qualitative analysis of the included studies. This Cochrane systematic review assesses both study quality and the evidence
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7414)
Maingi C, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Nguti R, Holmes K;;;; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), which affects nearly half the women in sub-Saharan Africa, is associated with considerable gynecologic and obstetric morbidity and, may contribute significantly to their HIV-1 acquisition. An ongoing randomized control trial in Nairobi, Kenya seeks to reduce the recurrence of BV in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7415)
Fernandes ME, Moraes JC, Ferreiros C, Takemoto (in memorium) A, Lamptey P, Shellstede W;;;; Associacao Saude da Familia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
In 1991, Brazilian public sector resources to supply low income population with condoms were limited and the prevailing commercial retail prices too high at 1 US[dollar] per piece for low income groups. Thus, Brazil having the second reported number of AIDS cases in the world also had one of the lowest usag
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7416)
Kimondo SM;;;; Moi University, Nairobi, Kenya
Men become sexually active at a very young age. They have sexual contacts that are unplanned, unprotected and sporadic. With the prevalence of HIV infection being highest among young people, it is becoming important to find ways and means of motivating adolescents to take the threat of the infection serious
In many countries, sexually active adolescents are at high risk of HIV infection. For both biological and social reasons, adolescent girls often have the highest HIV incidence. Parental consent for their participation in clinical trials is often required, raising issues about difficult youth disclosure and pare
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7418)
Philpott A, Gopalkrishna M, Jha N;;;; Hindustan Latex Family Planning Trust, Delhi, India
The Female Condom is the only new HIV prevention technology invented and approved since the start of the epidemic and the only female initiated prevention currently available. It offers dual protection against STIs and unwanted pregnancy. In 2003 a national research study assessed the acceptability and model ap
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7419)
Thambinayagam AM, Nielsen ND;;;; Global Campaign for Microbicides, Washington D.C., United States
In the face of HIV, microbicides present women with the hope of another female-controlled prevention method. It is essential, however, to assess the potential public health, political and socio-cultural barriers or catalysts of new health technologies before introduction. Two studies assessed the opinions o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7420)
Lorin C, Saidi H, Zairi A, Belaid A, Belec L, Baleux F, Hani K, Tangy F;;;; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
Approximately 80% of infections with HIV-1 are acquired through sexual contact. Thus, the development of topical microbicides that can block the establishment of infection at the mucosal tissues is an urgent need. Dermaseptin S4 (DS4), an antimicrobial peptide derived from amphibian skin, displays a broad s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7421)
Nebo J;;;; Community Against AIDS, Enugu, Nigeria
Condom has been known as one of the barrier methods in pregnancy,Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS. However, many men in Enugu Nigeria . This study was done to assess the acceptability and availability of its use in twelve communities in Enugu,Nigeria between April and August, 2003. Th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7422)
Philpott A;;;; The Pleasure Project, Bangkok, Thailand
One factor that has aided the implementation of female condom programmes is the increase in sexual pleasure reported by many users. The pleasurable physical and mental effects of the use of the female condom can be a useful negotiation point in enabling safer sex. Research has shown that one of the factors that
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7423)
Angulo AS, Nunez MS, Garcia PJ;;;; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, remains high among young, heterosexual women in Peru . Correct use of the male condom (MC) is the most effective way to prevent STIs during intercourse; however, MC use in this population is low. The female condom (FC) is an alternative me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7424)
Brown JM, Kelly CW, Ristow A, Mutevedzi TP, Chirenje ZM, Kumwenda N, Martinson F, Chilongozi D, Hoffman I, Taha T, Padian N;;;; University of California at San Francisco, CA, United States
Unprotected sexual intercourse is the primary mode of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this analysis is to describe predictors of unprotected sexual intercourse (defined as less than 100% condom use) among women in a prospective condom promotion study in Blantyre and Lilongwe,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7425)
Howett MK, Neely E, Ward M, Urdaneta S, Fang L;;;; Drexel University, Philadelphia, United States
Our laboratories have demonstrated that common alkyl sulfates, including the prototype, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have potent microbicidal activity. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), human papillomaviruses ( HPV ) and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7426)
Gaba AE;;;; Samaritan's House, Lome, Togo
We can no longer accept millions of needless AIDS deaths simply because we are poor africans. We know ARV treatment is feasible in our countries and we are lauching a movement to demand ARV s that won t take no for an answer , declared Katana, Health Rights Action Group. Twenty-one year after the first clinical notifi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7427)
Des Bouvrie C, Okai M, Forgathy M;;;; Cornel's Human development Foundation, Accra, Ghana
The Ghana government, Ministry of Health, The Ghana Aids Commission among other bodies has undertaken a number of important steps to approve conduct of HIV Vaccine studies. Significant investments have been made in infrastructure, laboratory skills and building of international collaborations. This study wa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7428)
Koniak-Griffin D, Nyamathi A;;;; UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Community-based participatory research is needed to 1) describe potential facilitators of and barriers to participation of homeless youth in future HIV Vaccine Trials (HIVVTs); 2) determine what information these youth need in order to decide whether to participate in an HIVVT; and 3) describe potential impact
In June 2003, the first phase I HIV vaccine trial in the southern Africa region began in Gaborone, Botswana . In preparation for the trial, a media communications strategy was developed, with primary goals of information dissemination and volunteer recruitment. Methods: The Media Communications Strategy inc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7430)
Gray KA, Legg K, Sharp A, Mackie N, Olarinde F, De Souza C, Peters B, Weber J;;;; King's College London/St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
To date there have been 7 phase I/II preventative HIV vaccine trials in the UK using healthy low-risk volunteers. St Mary s and St Thomas Hospitals in London are currently running 2 phase I trials for the DNA/MVA prime-boost candidate produced by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI). Until now,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7431)
Priddy FH, Cheng AJ, Salazar LF, Frew P;;;; Emory University, Atlanta, United States
With a large minority, female and heterosexual HIV epidemic, Atlanta is an important site for clinical trials of preventive HIV vaccines. However, little is known about knowledge and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials in Atlanta. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes and will
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7432)
Mast TC, Gupta S, Nikas A, Kierstead L, Burke D, Kallas E, Novitsky V, Mbewe B, Pitisuttithum P, Schechter M, Vardas E, Aste-Amezaga M, Shiver J, Emini E, Straus W;;;; Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States
Replication-defective adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) viruses are presently being studied as candidate vaccine vectors. Pre-existing anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies (NA) may impair the ability of these vectors to elicit desired immune responses after vaccination. This study describes the prevalence and epidemiolog
While Thailand s 100% Condom Use Program for commercial sex workers and their clients is globally recognized for its success HIV/AIDS prevention, there are still approximately 25,000 newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection reported annually. The Public Health Ministry was mandated by the National Commission on HI
Although the 100% Condom Use Campaign for commercial sex workers and their clients is globally recognized for its success in HIV prevention, approximately 25,000 new cases are still reported annually. The Ministry of Public Health, as mandated by the National Commission on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, is sea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7435)
Lee SJ, Duan N, Newman PA, Cunningham WE, Rudy E, Seiden DS, Kakinami L;;;; University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Participation in HIV vaccine trials is critical to the development of efficacious HIV vaccines, which offers the best long-term hope of controlling the AIDS pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess consumers willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV vaccine trials and the impact of trial attributes on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7436)
Vardas E, Mayaphi S, Mashego T, Mogale M, Molapo-Matsoso M, McIntyre J, Khabule V, Gray GE;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The Perinatal HIV Research Unit in Soweto established an HIV Vaccine testing unit to test multiple vaccines in phase I/II trials to quickly identify vaccines to test in phase III. For phase I/II studies, trial sites need to be able to accumulate and maintain several hundred, low-risk HIV-negative healthy vo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7437)
Sahay S, Mehendale SM, Sane SS, Brahme RG, Brown AS, Charron K, Beyrer C, Bollinger RC, Paranjape RS;;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
Successful conduct of HIV vaccine trials requires a high level of preparedness and support in the community. A study was conducted to explore preparedness and concerns for participating in future HIV vaccine trials among high and low-risk groups. Methods: Between April 2002 and July 2003, a semi-structured
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7438)
Mesesan K, Bogoshi M, Niccolai L, Gray G, McIntyre J, Vardas E;;;; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
Conducting HIV vaccine trials requires continuous monitoring to assess participant sexual risk behavior and ensure that disinhibition does not occur. Although individual protocols monitor behavior, it is essential that a trial site hosting multiple studies have a standard instrument for measuring risk behav
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7439)
Turner KR, Fischer H, Mulligan MM;;;; HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA, United States
The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) is the largest global network conducting HIV vaccine trials, with almost thirty clinical sites on four continents. Monitoring and evaluation of ongoing trials can ensure that protocols are implemented according to specification, identify areas for improvement, provide f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7440)
Brown AS, Suriyanon V, Sahay S, Paranjape R, Bollinger RC, Liu S, Yu X, Boss-Victoria R, Strathdee S, Chiliade P, Harro C, Charron KR, Beyrer C;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Comparative assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to participate (WTP) in AIDS vaccine trials are paramount to the preparedness, planning, and implementation of international AIDS vaccine trials. Methods: A survey instrument was administered to 3,155 participants in a multi-site cross-section
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7441)
Menezes A, Adasiewicz C, Izolan E;;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, United States
There is an urgent need to raise public awareness and mobilize support for AIDS vaccines, especially in countries that are hosting trials. Yet, journalists are often uninformed about AIDS vaccines and intimidated by the complex scientific data. Understanding the needs of members of the press and engaging them o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7442)
Kapoor S;;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New Delhi, India
Many cultural and practical challenges exist in enrolling women in HIV vaccine trials, particularly in developing countries. Reports indicate that the number of women who have come forward to participate in Phase I trials in Uganda and Kenya is very low despite proactive attempts to educate and inform women
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7443)
Lima R, Branch G, Muluubya A, Mark D, Shutes E, Ketter N, Fast P, Dorin L;;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, United States
Performing multi-center clinical trials in resource-constrained settings utilizing centralized databases for data management requires an efficient and cost-effective telecommunication infrastructure. Judicious implementation allows for swift data processing and assures that valuable and accurate information wil
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7444)
Fuchs J, Durham M, McLellan-Lemal E, Vittinghoff E, Buchbinder S; VaxGen, Inc., Brisbane, United States
Misperception about an HIV vaccine trial volunteer s HIV status or risk of infection may result in unfair treatment or discrimination. Data regarding social impacts of trial participation were collected in the AIDSVAX B/B efficacy trial ( VaxGen , Inc. Brisbane, CA). Methods: 5108 HIV-negative men who have
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7445)
Ainsworth M, Pariyo G, Bishai D, Hill K;;;; World Bank, Washington, D.C., United States
While there has been some success with behavior change and expansion of AIDS treatment in Uganda , HIV continues to spread. AIDS vaccine trials are currently underway. However, the effectiveness of any future vaccine will depend on the perceptions of the public and their willingness to be vaccinated. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7446)
Lorenzen SI, Sirivichayakul S, Buranapraditkun S, Phanuphak P, Ruxrungtham K;;;; Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
The objective of this project is the development of a HIV-1 clade A/E (CRF01-AE) vaccine, as the predominant number of infections in Thailand is due to this subtype. A DNA vaccine approach has been chosen because of good induction of cell-mediated immunity, safety profile, sufficient stability and low cost
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7447)
Sanders EJ, Whitworth JA, Davies A, Waweru R, van der Elst EM, Aluda M, Scott A, Lowe B, Marsh K, Peshu N;;;; Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast. Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Laboratories, Kilifi, Kenya
In Coastal Kenya , HIV prevalence is higher in women (7.3%) than men (4.4%) and higher in urban areas. HIV incidence is not known. HIV-vaccine efficacy trials will require the enrolment of volunteers from a cohort with substantial HIV incidence. Demographic surveillance sites (DSS) have an advantage that la
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7448)
Thaitawat N, Nacapew S, Chaiwong V, Buraparat D, Donmon B, Khamboonruang C, Rerks-Ngarm S, Thien-Udom N;;;; a.Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Prime-Boost HIV Vaccine Phase III Trial in Chon Buri and Rayong provinces, eastern Thailand . In the past, GOs and NGOs mostly worked independently from each other in AIDS education in the community. Government health officials undertook intervention measures as part of their daily routine health care delivery
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7449)
Premsri N, Debysuvarn T, Woratanarat T, Wiriyakijja W, Wattana S, Chunsuttiwat S, Rerks-Ngarm S;;;; Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
The phase III, prime-boost trial in Thailand is believed to be the largest HIV vaccine trial in the world involving 16,000 volunteers. To successfully achieve the goal of the study, a well-trained research staff are required to conduct the study and meet international standards, both scientifically and ethicall
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7450)
Villafana TL, Thumbi P, Ratshaa B, Matshediso K, Moyo K, Maswabi T, Peter T, Makhema J, Essex M, Thior I;;;; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership for HIV Research and Education, Gaborone, Botswana
The Botswana screening protocol was used to identify potential volunteers for a phase I vaccine trial who were healthy, able to give informed consent, 21-40 years old, HIV negative and not planning pregnancy during the trial. Additionally, potential participants blood analyte/ hematologic values were based
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7451)
Thaitawat N, Wiriyakijja W, Wattana S, Palasudhi K, Chunsuttiwat S, Buraparat D, Chaiwong V, Khamboonruang C, Rerks-Ngarm S;;;; Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand
The Prime-Boost Study is the world s largest community-based AIDS vaccine trial involving 16,000 volunteers. It is also a lengthy undertaking, spanning over five years. In addition to qualified clinical personnel, state of the art infrastructure, and strict abidance to Good Clinical Practice, community understa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7452)
Gupta SB, Freed DC, Vardas E, Mbewe B, Kublin J, Long K, Novitsky V, Coplan P, Mast TC, Straus W;;;; Merck Research Laboratories, Blue Bell, United States
Testing of potential HIV vaccine candidates in efficacy trials is a complex task. A number of ethical, social, and logistical issues should be addressed prior to the implementation of any trial. Appropriate populations must be identified and the feasibility of conducting studies at the site of interest must be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7453)
Barroso PF, Teles S, Silva SB, Melo MF, Nunes EP, Almeida MM, Fernandes M, Lago RF, Harrison LH, Schechter M; HUCFF-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Identification and retention of HIV-negative individuals at high risk for HIV infection is necessary for the conduct of HIV-1 efficacy vaccine trials. The aim of this study is to describe a cohort of high-risk heterosexual men and women recruited in an HIV vaccine trials unit in Rio de Janeiro,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7454)
Gupta SB, Freed DC, Schechter M, Vardas E, Kallas EG, Pitisuttithum P, Mbewe B, Kublin J, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Novitsky V, Nikas A, Mast TC, Coplan P, Straus W;;;; Merck Research Laboratories, Blue Bell, United States
Testing potential HIV vaccine candidates in efficacy trials is a complex task. Appropriate populations must be identified and the feasibility of conducting studies at the site of interest must be assessed. This study evaluated the feasibility of subject enrollment and retention and efficiency of cell isolat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7455)
Kimani JN, Irungu P, Ragi AG;;;; Kenya AIDS NGOs Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya
In the absence of a cure for HIV/AIDS, HIV vaccines remain the best hope to stopping the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Efforts are being made to develop and test HIV vaccines in Kenya by various players. University of Nairobi and Oxford University and in partnership with International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7456)
Newman PA, Duan N, Cunningham WE, Rudy ET, Lee SJ, Seiden D;;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
The development of safe, efficacious preventive HIV vaccines offers the best hope of controlling the AIDS pandemic. Yet, HIV vaccine availability does not guarantee acceptability. The purpose of this study is to assess HIV vaccine acceptability and post-vaccine risk behaviors, and the impact of vaccine char
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7457)
Goonetilleke N, Mahmoud A, Moore S, Winstone N, Pinheiro S, Gillespie G, Cerebre I, Brown D, Loach V, Roberts J, Dorell L, Hanke T, McMichael A;;;; Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
We have begun a clinical vaccine trial in Oxford that investigates the immune responses induced by high dose DNA and recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA), both expressing the HIV-1 Clade A gag protein coupled to a polyepitope string containing HIV-1 Clade A CTL epitopes. The trial has two arms - 2x MVA and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7458)
Smit J, Bekker LG, Middelkoop K, Seedat S, Stein DJ;;;; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Phase III HIV vaccine trials will require large numbers of people at high risk for HIV-infection. There has been some concern about the ability to recruit and retain such large numbers in developing countries. Recent recruitment data from the phase III trial in Thailand has been positive, yet it is uncertain to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7459)
Swendeman DT, Newman PA, Duan N, Rudy ET, Johnston-Roberts K;;;; Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Future dissemination of HIV vaccines may encounter two key challenges that could subvert vaccine effectiveness in controlling the epidemic: 1) suboptimal adoption, as indicated by experience with existing vaccines, exacerbated by stigma and mistrust; and 2) potential increases in risk behaviors, particularl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7460)
Wolffenbuttel K, Caminada S, Barbosa RM, Kalichman AO;;;; CRT DST/AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
One of the major challenges in conducting HIV Vaccine phase III trials is to develop effective retention strategies to achieve a low loss-to-follow-up rate; issue especially important when considering the long period of follow-up required by these trials. In preparation for future HIV vaccine effic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7461)
Sun XY, Chang C, Niu WY, Guo Y, Lu ZZ;;;; School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
Objectives: Prejudice and discrimination against people infected HIV is a great obstacle to AIDS prevention and control. A follow-up study was carried out to evaluate the immediate(one week) and medial-term(18 months) impacts of peer education on AIDS among university students, especially focusing on their changes on a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7462)
Chang C, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhao B, Deng X, Mei L;;;; Dept. of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
Recent years, the HIV/AIDS infections and STD infections are increasing rapidly in China . The surveillance data showed that sexual transmission of HIV couldn t be ignored. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the impact and cost-effectiveness of a sector-based health education on HIV/SDI prevention
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7463)
Abdollahzadeh Mahlani MS, Moghaddasian MS, Ghorbanian MS;;;; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
The increasing rate of AIDS prevalence in the developing countries, the improvement of various medical treatments, and a decrease in the rate of mortality among persons with AIDS who need ongoing care have caused an increasing potential for occupational HIV infection, and have made the field of health care
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7464)
Blank MB, Eisenberg MM, Hadley T;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
A pilot study of the effectiveness of a mental health case manager delivered HIV prevention program was conducted. Preventing AIDS Through Health (PATH) is a translation of two HIV prevention programs. The RESPECT program was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and can reduce at-risk sexual behavio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7465)
Ong'anyi PO;;;; Family Planning Association of Kenya, Kakamega, Kenya
Approximately three-quarters of global HIV-infections occur among people in their productive prime. This makes worksite a special area of focus with respect to HIV/AIDS issues. Peer education is becoming a powerful tool with which employees can be involved in the fight against AIDS. With the backing of clear an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7466)
Ofovwe CE;;;; University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
It is evident that young persons in tertiary institutions are increasingly becoming sexually active. The consequence of their sexual activities transcends beyond the immediate implications it bears on the youth. It encompasses far reaching consequences on the society by virtue of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7467)
Asiamah G;;;; Ghana Police, Accra, Ghana
In 1999, condom use among Police Officers in Ghana was low. Only 50% of officers who had casual sex used condoms. Armed with this information, an intervention to promote and distribute condoms in the police was started. This included a novelty - Condom Wallet. A Police officer on operational duty i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7468)
Essien EJ, Ekong E, Ross MW, Ogungbade O, Linares AC;;;; University of Houston, Houston, United States
As mediators for the largest and most powerful country in West Africa and one of the most significant countries on the African continent, Nigerian security forces play a major role as peacekeepers within the region and for the United Nations. These security forces are characterized by being frequently separ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7469)
Balkin AM, Barnes TA, Adams CD, Purdon SD;;;; +VE, London, United Kingdom
Prisoners face a higher risk of HIV infection and a shortfall in effective prevention programmes: tattooing, injecting and unprotected sex occur in spite of prison regulations. In most prisons, prevention methods are undermined by their ad hoc nature, the fluidity of the target population and lack of appropriat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7470)
Falaye AO, Uwakwe CB;;;; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Voluntary Counselling and HIV/AIDS Testing provides an entry point for the prevention as well as treatment and care of HIV/AIDS. The study examined the uptake of VCT services by some Nigerian university students; It investigated the influence of undergraduates knowledge of HIV/AIDS, risk assessment, sex beh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7471)
Fisher JD, Fisher WA, Cornman DH, Amico KR, Friedland G;;;; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
The present research involved the design, implementation, and evaluation of a theory-based, clinician-initiated HIV prevention intervention for HIV+ patients in clinical care. Methods: Patients were exposed to the clinician initiated HIV prevention intervention (N=252), or a standard-of-care control conditi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7472)
Jurgens RE, Lines R, Kerr T, Stover H, Laticevschi D, Nelles J;;;; Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Montreal, Canada
Objectives: To undertake the first comprehensive review of prison needle exchange programs (PNEPs) worldwide. Methods: (1) A review of existing international literature was undertaken, including published reports, journal articles, conference presentations, government publications, and prison service reports. (2) Site
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7473)
Thu LT, Thao VT, Xuan TT, Sohn AH;;;; Cho Ray hospital, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
As the HIV epidemic expands in Vietnam , healthcare workers (HCW) are at increasing risk of occupational exposures (OE) to HIV. However, experience with OE surveillance and post-exposure management is limited. Methods: A prospective surveillance program to monitor HIV-OEs and administer post-exposure prophy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7474)
Margolis AD, Wolitski RJ, Seal DW, Belcher L, Morrow K, Sosman J, Askew J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Incarcerated persons have higher rates of HIV/STDs than the general US population. Few studies have examined sexual behavior & drug use during incarceration, and it remains unclear whether the increased burden of infections is driven by behaviors that occur during incarceration or in the community. Meth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7475)
MacGowan R, Sosman J, Eldridge G, Moss S, Margolis A, Flanigan T, Gaydos C; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
The prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), and hepatitis are higher among men entering prisons than in the general US population. Many prisons offer screening, treatment, vaccination, and prevention programs to prevent new infections; however, little is known about rates of hepatitis and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7476)
Van Rooyen JC;;;; South African Police Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Since 2001 members of the South African Police Service infected or affected by HIV/AIDS expressed their need for counselling from within their working environment. HIV/AIDS has a huge impact on the South African Police Service and it s manpower, like the rest of South Africa. The cost of training a
Military populations the world over is highly vulnerable to HIV infection due to the nature of their work, social environment and the unique culture within the armed forces. Many members of the armed forces do not know or do not want to know their HIV status. This complicates the efforts of prevention and care.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7478)
Zack B, Myers J, Kramer K, Gardner M;;;; Centerforce, San Quentin, United States
Individuals transitioning from prison settings into the community face challenges to establishing healthy lives on the outside, including threats to remaining HIV uninfected. Case management can facilitate linkages to community-based services, which in turn can ease barriers to health services. This study e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7479)
Fitzpatrick LK, Miller K, Gray P, Foust E, Greenberg A;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
In November 2002, the North Carolina Department of Health (NCDOH) detected two new HIV acute HIV infections in college students. An expanded review of HIV surveillance data from January 2001 to May 2003 revealed 49 cases of HIV among Black male college students. Methods: We conducted 3 discussion groups wit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7480)
Tran DT, Nguyen TV;;;; Australian Red Cross, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
In Vietnam , there is an increasing number of young people who commit crimes and are sent to prisons. They are largely marginalized youths adopting high-risk behaviours like injecting drugs, and involving in commercial sex. They are extremely vulnerable to HIV/AIDS as lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge, having very lim
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7481)
Rajkumar C, Senthilkumar R, Sathyanarayanan D, Murali R, Pugalendhi R;;;; Institute of Community medicine,Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
The lifestyles of many prison inmates prior to incarceration include unprotected sexual intercourse, drug and alcohol abuse, poverty, homelessness, under-education, and unemployment all of which are associated with risk of HIV/AIDS. Although many behavioral research studies and public enlightenment campaign
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7482)
Mutobera JM, Munyendo DN;;;; Students AIDS Intervention Prevention Education, Mumias, Kenya
The Project targets low income earners, the bicycle taxi drivers whose standards of living is low and by virtue of their occupation are easily lured into sex in exchange for a ride. This group has distorted information about HIV/AIDS and lacks alternative sources of income. Western province is one
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7483)
Rocha A;;;; UNDP Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
Talk Back TV Programme prevent and mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS through strengthening the capacity of the Education and Communication sectors in the provision of an interactive distance education in order to give answers to the epidemic, affecting directly The programme targets all teachers in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7484)
Akers TA, Hervey WG, Sowell RL, Blake BJ, Taylor GA, Bairan A;;;; Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, United States
Although hundreds of HIV/AIDS prevention interventions are funded and implemented annually, there still does not exist any consistent HIV/AIDS prevention intervention terminology or classification systems that can effectively allow two or more interventions to be minimally compared. Additionally, this limitation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7485)
Richardson JL, Milam JE, McCutchan A, Stoyanoff S, Bolan R, Weiss J, Kemper C, Larsen RA, Hollander H, Weismuller P, Chou CP, Marks G;;;; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
Little attention has been given to prevention programs for HIV +patients in care. Tthis study tested the efficacy of brief, safer-sex counseling delivered by HIV care providers to patients during routine medical examinations. Methods: Six clinics were randomly allocated to intervention arms evaluated with c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7486)
Mattos PL, Wainberg ML, Pinto D, Grubber-Mann C, Oliveira-Broxado S, Feijo D, Dutra T, Lihnares C, Passarelli C, Prissma Project US;;;; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
People with severe mental illness (SMI) are at elevated risk for HIV-4% to 23% seroprevalence-in the U. S., among whom several prevention interventions have been found efficacious. Despite the Brazilian government s commitment to HIV prevention, psychiatric facilities do not offer HIV prevention interventions a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7487)
Sutakertya IB, Tanudjaya F, Prabawanti C, Sirait I, Nurhidayati AT;;;; Program Aksi Stop AIDS - Family Health International, Jakarta, Indonesia
Many factors influence people s decisions to change behavior. Many barriers prevent people from practicing the changes they decide to adopt. BCI is an approach to increase positive influence and decrease barriers to the adoption of safer behaviors. ASA (Aksi Stop AIDS), a USAID funded bilateral pro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7488)
Chaudhary R, Agarwal P;;;; Dept of Transfusion Medicine, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
Because of the nature of their occupation, health care workers (HCWs) are especially exposed to blood borne infections including HIV due to injury through sharps , such as needle-stick. Very little is known about the actual prevalence of sich injuries among HCWs in India . Ther
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7489)
Nyanjom GO, Wamalwa WM, Dr Yuaya S;;;; Family Health International, Kakamega, Kenya
The number of deaths recorded in the three companies in western Kenya prior to this intervention was very high. This drained the companies finances because of high medical bills, funeral expenses and loss of man-hours. In spite of AIDS having been around as a public health problem since mid 1980s, a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7490)
Kimari E, Foglia G, Kimutai R, Langat L, Birx D, Robb M;;;; United States Army Medical Research Unit -Kenya HIV Programme, Kericho, Kenya
Occupational exposure to HIV has resulted in documented cases of HIV sero-conversion among health care providers. A comprehensive training and prevention program to prevent occupational associated exposure events to blood, blood products and body fluids should be developed and executed for all health care provi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7491)
Kim KS;;;; Ministry of Education, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
More than 3 millions students are attending school in Cambodia . The school population comprising teenagers is higher in the latest grades of primary and in secondary levels of the education system. Young Cambodian people have little access to information and media. In the meantime, a hotline providing free pho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7492)
Kolude OO, Omokhodion FO, Owoaje ET;;;; Community Medicine Department University College Hospital, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria
Nigeria s epidemic of HIV/AIDS is characterised by one of the most rapidly increasing rates of new cases in West Africa. Health care workers are at substantial risk of acquiring several infectious diseases including HIV infection at the work place, the extent of this risk may be enormous in tertiary hospita
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7493)
Oumtanee A, Leuboonthawatchai O, Thanasil S;;;; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Teenagers are persons who like to try new experience both bad and good isuues. In particular, some bad behaviors can bring them contact HIV infection. According to literature review, providing knowledge via computer can motivate teen students to pay more attention on AID prevention. Methods: The purpose of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7494)
Chanlivong N, Phoumsavanh P, Parnell B, Beverly S, Toole M;;;; Burnet Institute, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
Young Lao soldiers and police are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. The Burnet Institute has been the only NGO working long-term in the HIV sector and developed sufficiently good relationships with both military and police to introduce the process of strategic planning. The projec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7495)
Kawichai S, Celentano DD, Chariyalertsak S, Visrutaratna S, Ruangyuttikarn C, Chariyalertsak C, Short O, Beyrer C;;;; Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Clinic-based HIV VCT has been available at all hospitals in Thailand since 1992. However, the rate of VCT up-take by community residents is unknown. Rural residents, particularly ethnic minorities, may face many practical barriers accessing VCT. During September/02-May/03, we evaluated the implementation of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7496)
Matambo R, Dauya E, Makanza E, Mutswangwa J, Chandiwana S, Mason P, Butterworth A, Corbett E;;;; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
Repeat voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) after a negative result is advised if the client reports high risk behaviour in the previous three months, because of a possible window period problem of being too recently infected with HIV to have made a detectable antibody response. Current test kits are hig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7497)
Otieno GO, Phillips E;;;; Eastern Deanery AIDS Relief Program, Nairobi, Kenya
High-risk sexual behavior among adolescent youth has been blamed on lack of adequate knowledge and skills to achieve and sustain positive behavior change. This knowledge should be part of socialization of young people right from pre-adolescent years. Current interventions in Kenya mainly target the youth in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7498)
Petersen I, Bhagwanjee A, Bhana A, Mahintsho Z;;;; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Tertiary level learners in South Africa suffer high levels of HIV infection. Given that the production of skilled and professional graduates is vital to ensure the future economic growth of South Africa and the African continent as a whole, tertiary level learners represent an especially important target gr
In the last decade, the Nigerian Armed Forces have been actively involved in peacekeeping missions in Kuwait , Somalia , Liberia , Rwanda , Yugoslavia and Sierra Leone .
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7500)
Akhtar A, Aslam M, Zafar MI;;;; D.H.Q. Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
To explore the male sexual expectations and behavior. Methods: USED: This study was conducted during the year 2002, in Faisalabad- the third highly populated and the biggest industrial city of Pakistan . The 500 respondents- loom workers were selected from the loom factories. A well-structured comprehensive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7501)
Ngamtrairai N, Phuaram B, Sukkho B, Vechsawan D, Pheungcham P;;;; Department of Correctons, Nonthaburi, Thailand
The number of HIV-infected prisoners is increasing and they need care and support from their friends to enhance self-care behaviors. Method: This study was to assess the effectiveness of self-help group on self -care behaviors in HIV-infected prisoners. The study enrolled 144 known HIV-infected prisoners fr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7502)
Kiragu K, Ngulube TJ, Nyumbu M, Eerens P, Njobvu P;;;; Population Council/Horizons, Nairobi, Kenya
It is assumed that health workers practice what they preach. However, few studies examine whether this is true, especially with regards to HIV/AIDS. This study examines HIV testing among health workers in Zambia , in order to find out their interest and motivation to learn their serostatus. The data are bei
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7503)
Middleberg M, Jacobstein R, Ndong I, Barone M;;;; EngenderHealth, New York, United States
Evidence is mounting that medical procedures are an important, yet largely overlooked, route of HIV transmission in resource-poor settings. Inadequate adherence to standard precautions is common in health facilities in low-resource settings. These practices can lead to transmission of HIV and other bloodborne i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7504)
Balano KB, Cocohoba J, Kindrick AV, Myers J, Dong BJ, Ahn T, Aranow R, Gruta C, Gooze L, Boly L, Nguyen N, Harvey A, Thelin C;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens are chosen by balancing the risk of ADR against the risk of HIV transmission. Limited data exist to determine the safest and most efficacious PEP regimen. In this study, we sought to describe ADRs related to the use of HIV PEP and review PEPline recommendations r
One of the objectives of the state board for the prevention of aids in Jalisco is to diminish the incidence of HIV/AIDS/STI and one of the strategies to strenghten such objective is through the social marketing of the condom, which has been implemented as an alternative to increase the consistent use of the fem
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7506)
Asnake M, Yilma A;;;; Pathfinder International/Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The population most affected by HIV/AIDS is the young, productive workforce that countries depend on for economic growth and development. By 2010, it is estimated that HIV/AIDS will decrease Ethiopia s labor force by 10.5%, making workplace interventions a priority and in the economic interest of businesses. De
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7507)
Campbell WA, Howard T;;;; British Columbia Persons With AIDS Society, Vancouver, Canada
Tattooing is an integral part of prison culture, despite being prohibited in Canadian prisons. Forty-five percent of male federal inmates and twenty seven percent of female federal inmates report getting a tattoo while incarcerated. If proper precautions are not taken, the practice of tattooing in prison carry
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7508)
Muturi N, Ruddock-Small M, Bain B, Sanjana B, Ramsay H, deBruin M;;;; University of the West Indies HIV/AIDS Response Programme, Kingston 7, Jamaica
Empowerment of women is identified as a core ingredient in HIV/AIDS prevention especially in societies where gender imbalance is associated with the infection rate. This has been recognized internationally leading to the development of multi-sectoral gender-sensitive programmes that address the socio-economic,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7509)
Altaf A, Shah SS, Memon SS, Mujeeb SA, Siddiqui Q, Kristensen S, Vermund SH;;;; Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
A cross sectional collaborative study to determine high risk behaviors and educational level of juvenile detainees was conducted at the Juvenile Detention Center in Karachi, Pakistan so that an effective model approach for prevention could be developed. A convenience sample of 342 detainees were included in the study.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7511)
Kumwenda RW;;;; DFID- Education Sector Support Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi
Addressing HIV and AIDS in the Education Sector Support Programme in Malawi- Lessons LearntDFID has been strongly supporting the Ministry of Education in Malawi to achieve Education For All and contribute to the Millennium development goals of Universal Access to Primary Education. Through its Technical and Final Suppo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7512)
Sohn AH, Thu LT, Thoa VT, Van DT, Tien NP, Hai HH, Chiarello LA, Cardo DM;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
The frequency of occupational blood exposures to healthcare personnel (HP) and perceptions of occupational HIV transmission risk in Vietnam are unknown. As greater than 50% of new HIV diagnoses are made in hospitals, it is important to understand the epidemiology of exposures in this setting to ensure appro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7513)
Msweli M, Pilusa F, Dlamini B, Klindera K;;;; South African Centre for Organizational Development, Pretoria, South Africa
Issue South Africa has the highest number of HIV/AIDS cases in the world, with youth disproportionably infected. To address this issue and capitalize on the opportunity young people offer, the South African Centre for Organizational Development (SACORD) developed the Mayihlome Graduate Alive Programme: Mayihlome is a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7514)
Likimani S, Ekessa Q, Mulunga G, Mutungi J, Karau S, Ndegwa S;;;; KDOD, Nairobi, Kenya
To date, HIV testing in the Kenyan Department of Defence (KDOD) has been compulsory, during medical assessment for recruitment and peace mission deployments. In 2002 the KDOD introduced 15 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites within selected barracks, as a component of their comprehensive HIV preven
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7515)
Kaeodumkoeng N;;;; Bureau of AIDS TB and STIs, moung, Thailand
report of Epidemiology Bureau, Ministry of Public Health, showed the increasing rate of HIV/AIDS incidence among youth. In addition behavioural survey conducted in 2002 showed that the age for first sex debut among young people is earlier than the previous year and condom usage rate with various type of sexual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7516)
Mullangi AK;;;; Railway Hospital, Vijaywada, India
Issues- Gender inequalities fuel the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Today women are at the epicenter and are experiencing discrimination and denial of rights. The Indian Railways, third largest public sector in the world, with 1.5 million employees, in collaboration with UNIFEM has responded to this challenge by designing innovati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7517)
Biswas A, Aggarwal P, Ghanshyam P;;;; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
India is having the second highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS. Proportion of HIV+ve people attending the clinic and admitted in the hospitals with or without knowing there HIV status are increasing. Therefore, the risk of occupational transmission of HIV/HBV/HCV is likely to rise among the health
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7518)
Guimaraes MG, Sa CC, Sa SA, Sousa R, Gomes MB, Melamed T;;;; Preventive Theater Company, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
HIV infection rate among the population ranging from 13 to 23 years old in Brazil is growing. Although Brasil is a world reference in treatment and prevention, the prevention strategies adopted by Brazilian Government has not been sufficient to restrain epidemic growth. It s very concerning the meaningfull rise
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7519)
Odhiambo J, Nganga L, Mansoer J, DeCock KM, Chakaya J, Kutwa A, Mungai M;;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Increasing TB morbidity and mortality among Kenya prisoners has raised concern. HIV infection and poor living conditions are the key risk factors for TB transmission and reactivation in such congregate settings. We report here numbers and causes of Kenya prison deaths and describe present intervention effor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7520)
Beniowski M, Magiera M, Witor AJ, Zaborowski DC, Mularska E, Kwiatkowski J;;;; Silesian Medical University, Chorzow, Poland
Objectives: Estimation of occupational and non-occupational exposures in the Silesia Region based on data collected in the outpatient clinic of The Centre for AIDS Diagnostics and Therapy in the years 1999-2002. Method: We analyzed the reports from the postexposure (occupational and non-occupational) visits from 1999-2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7521)
Kwena ZA, Shisanya CA, Ambasa CR, Bukusi EA;;;; Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Labour intensive economic sectors, such as the sugarcane sub-sector in Kenya , are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of HIV/AIDS-related social and economic costs of morbidity, mortality and health care. This study seeks to determine the impact of HIV/AIDS on and address issues of access to HIV/AIDS te
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7522)
Lesetedi BA, Monareng MD, Harrison E;;;; Women's Health Project, Johannesburg, South Africa
It is estimated that the rate of HIV/AIDS infection in the South African National Defense Force (SANDF) is between 17% to 21%. Contemporary gender roles exacerbate this situation by equating manhood with domination over women, sexual conquest, substance use and risk taking behaviour and by defining health seeki
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7523)
Supplice AS;;;; Institution/NGO, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
FOSREF which is an NGO that works in the field of sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS prevention programs for youth between the ages of 10 and 24, has during the year 2000, started putting the emphasis on vulnerable children. Throughout its programs FOSREF saw an increasing number of vulnerable children
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7524)
Katuta C, Mwenge L, Sichuundu W;;;; The University of Zambia, Lusaka., Zambia
In this paper, we describe the HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that have been put in place by the management at the University of Zambia . We assert that Universities HIV/AIDS prevention initiatives are a potential resource for public health given the important role that the Universities in today s society. U
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7525)
Gitau M, Wandia E, Marum L;;;; National AIDS and STI Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya
Public transport operators, better known as matatu (minibus) and bodaboda (cyclists) in Kenya are perceived to be at elevated risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS as they have a regular and daily source of income. This paper examines the relationship between knowledge of HIV/AIDS and sexual behavior among transport w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7526)
Arntz T;;;; University, Durban, South Africa
The University of KwaZulu-Natal, one of the largest tertiary institutions in South Africa with an enrolment of approximately 42000 students, attracts students locally, nationally and internationally. The University is situated within the epicentre of HIV infection in South Africa and as such has a moral and eth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7527)
Viegas N, Brito A, Vilaca R, Marques PS, Mendao L;;;; Bacteria Comunicacao, Porto, Portugal
In 2003, Portugal s Labour laws were revised and the new legislation does not protect the rights of people living with the HIV/AIDS. Quite the opposite, as it totally ignores the issue; although it is common knowledge many people were made redundant because they were HIV-positive, this kind of discrimination is
The above study was conducted to collect data in this Risk Group at Police Training College Shahdadpur (Biggest Police Training College of Sindh Pakistan ). The main objective of the study was to document seroprevelance of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections among the Police Recruits. Methods: Princ
A recent national study, carried out in Ghanaian pre-service teacher training colleges, suggests that teachers may play a pivotal role in combating the epidemic in Ghana. The research indicates that despite a high familiarity with HIV/AIDS information, teachers are at a high risk for HIV infection. The stud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7530)
Ortiz DJ, Russak MS, Galvan FH, Bing EG;;;; Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, United States
Military personnel represent a high, yet understudied, risk group for HIV transmission. We performed a systematic review of the published literature to identify effective military HIV/AIDS prevention programs throughout the world. Methods: English-language articles on HIV/AIDS prevention in military populat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7531)
Abimiku AG, Vertefeuille J, Villalba-Diebold P, Talison IL, Sethi R, Guyit R, Aina OO, Owonibi J, Ibrahim MO, Blattner WA;;;; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
A 2001 Federal Ministry of Health estimate indicated a 5.8% HIV prevalence in the general Nigerian population. The Nigerian Army recently collaborated with the Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland (IHV/UMD) to modify a HIV prevention curriculum for use in the military. This work was funded by
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7532)
Villalba-Diebold P, Vertefeuille J, Talison IL, Guyit R, Sethi R, Aina OO, Owonibi J, Ibrahim MO, Blattner WA, Abimiku AG;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
The Nigerian Army recently collaborated with the Institute of Human Virology to modify an HIV prevention curriculum. This work, which included an assessment of stigmatization, was funded by the United States Department of Defense. Methods: In 11/2003 a survey was administered to 382 Nigerian army personnel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7533)
Sengupta S;;;; West Bengal Sexual Health Project - I, Calcutta, India
The vulnerability of women in prostitution (to STD/HIV) is closely associated with processes of social exclusion and social and economic marginalisation. Conditions of vulnerability arise from issues such as poverty and declining economic opportunities, gender and power relations and structures, low self esteem,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7534)
Violante T, Potts M;;;; University of California, Berkeley, USA, United States
A consensus has begun to emerge that male circumcision (MC) slows down HIV transmission. This is the first quantitative study to ask whether expectant parents, in a non-circumcision dominant culture, would accept neonatal MC when they were provided with the potential benefits and risks of the procedure. Met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7535)
Rayapu RB, Anand R, Ramaiah KA, Ramola S, Satish Babu P, Sasi Kiran K, Madhuri P;;;; BOSS & CIPCA (CBO), Tirupati, India
The Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in India are facing problems because of lack of proper awareness and knowledge about health, human rights & legal systems in India. BOSS & CIPCA, a unique organization having 350 doctors 6250 blood donors as its members, working on AIDS since 1987, has been c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7537)
Steward WT, Koester KA, Myers JJ, Morin SF;;;; University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
US policy initiatives call for counseling to help HIV-infected individuals reduce their risk of transmitting the virus to others ( Prevention with Positives ). We examined whether provider fatalism was associated with the frequency of HIV prevention counseling in publicly funded primary care settings. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7538)
Pronyk PM, Phetla G, Hargreaves JR, Makhubela MB, Kim JC, Watts C, Morison L, Busza J, Porter JD;;;; Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, School of Public Health, Univeristy of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa
IMAGE is a community-based structural intervention for HIV prevention that links gender and HIV/AIDS awareness to a microfinance programme. It attempts to engage poverty and gender inequality as key structural determinants of the HIV epidemic. As an interdisciplinary community randomised trial, it explores
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7539)
Morin SF, Steward WT, Charlebois ED, Johnson MO, Remien RH, Kelly JA, Rotheram-Borus MJ;;;; University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
New prevention strategies focus on helping HIV-infected individuals reduce their risk of transmitting the virus to others. Prevention with Positives may be particularly important among men who have sex with men (MSM), a group in which risk behaviors have increased recently. Using data from a diverse sample
Background With fertility treatment to sero discordant couples the risk for horizontal transmission can be eliminated (HIV-positive woman) or reduced (HIV-positive man). The Danish National Board of Health in 2002 recommended introduction of such treatment. It is our aim to describe which factors matter when making rep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7541)
Rompel MU, Gronemeyer R, Frisch A;;;; Institute of Sociology, Giessen, Germany
An analysis of present mass-media prevention campaigns shows, that most messages are reduced to technical aspects of prevention. No expression of social or emotional relations is found. Sexuality is only regarded as a technical process: the connection between sexual intercourse and social relations is negle
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7542)
Debnath M, Nandi P, Gon S, Roy BJ;;;; Institution, Kolkata, India
A large number of women daily wage seekers are forced to engage in sex with the labor contractors they hired. As it is a buyer market the labourers compete among themselves to sell their labour with the lowest price besides offering free sex services. An attempt was made to collect socioeconomic information
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7543)
Chowdhury S, Jana S, Dutta MK, Ray P;;;; Institution, Kolkata, India
An HIV/STD intervention program was initiated in a brothel (named Sonagachi) setting in Kolkata, India , with female sex workers, numbering around 5,000, following a strong peer-based programme. Methods: Based on the inputs of the peers and through the involvement of sex workers community the program was re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7544)
Kataami Moiti A;;;; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
The Bagisu found in Eastern region of Uganda circumcise boys ranging from 12 - 18 years. The cultural practices associated with circumcision are a risk to HIV transmission. HIV transmission awareness programmes have been running in the local media but the message is mainly perceived by people staying in urban a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7545)
Oyinloye AO;;;; Laye Medical Ltd, P.O. Box 11955, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria 500001, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ante-retroviral therapy is one of the main approaches to the management of the HIV/AIDS. Patients views are being given more and more importance in policy-making. Understanding the patients perception of the quality of care in the treatment programme is essential to improving utilization and increasing comp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7547)
Scott-Emuakpor RE;;;; The Lazarus Foundation, Wascana Greens, Regina, Canada
The quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS is less commonly researched as it should be. Much as we know about the disease and its progression, little is known of the regression of human rights. We hypothesize that the early diagnosis of HIV infection and openness about an individual s HIV status is most vital f
Zambia has an estimated adult HIV prevalence rate of 20%. In order to protect the future generation, Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) has been an important component of the national HIV/AIDS/STI/TB strategic framework. The increase in child defilement cases, which have dominated front p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7549)
Caplinskiene I;;;; Baltic News Service, Junior Editor, Vilnius, Lithuania
The media enjoys very high credibility in Lithuania . Media provides a chance to promptly inform society on HIV epidemiological situation, HIV transmission modes and most effective protection. Media is an important partner of public health institutions to form public attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and makes an ind
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7550)
Alam MJ;;;; ODPUP, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Sex-workers are a very stigmatized community. Because of negative perception of civil society to SWs, they can neither exist with their profession nor come-out from this, which is a real dilemma. Project: At the inception of CARE s HIV Program, 1st obstacle came from some interest groups. Police harassment was r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7551)
Tardelli RT;;;; Aids News Agency, Sao Paulo - S.P., Brazil
The With the arrival of anti-retrovirals on a world level, and the fact that AIDS has become a chronic disease, AIDS has ceased to be a priority for the media - primarily because it no longer causes death as it did at the beginning of the epidemic, but also because the media has lost interest in AIDS as a day-to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7552)
Simoni JM, Pantalone DW;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Public health agencies have begun to focus on developing interventions to decrease the risk behaviors of HIV-infected individuals and thus slowing the spread of the epidemic. The presence or absence of communication around HIV status is one factor shown to influence sexual safety in HIV-infected individuals. A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7553)
Myers JJ, Steward WT, Koester KA, Maiorana A, Morin SF;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
A recent report from the US Institute of Medicine recommends prevention services in primary health care settings to help HIV-infected individuals reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to others ( Prevention with Positives ). In this study, we assessed the frequency of HIV prevention services in clinics funded
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7554)
Neff K, Otis J, Nguyen NM, Guilbeault K, Bouliane MJ, Laberge C;;;; Sida-Vie Laval/Universite du Quebec a MOntreal, Laval, Canada
Sida-Vie Laval, a community organization, has been conducting the Venus project since 1999. The Venus HIV/Aids prevention program reaches out to sex workers (nude dancers, escorts, erotic masseuses) in their workplaces, providing safe sex materials, support, counselling, referrals and accompaniment to community resourc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7555)
Zhang ZJ;;;; China Population IEC Center, Beijing, China
China Reproductive Health Website is the global unique one which has a live webcast counseling program on reproductive health for two hours every day, a resource person and the moderator communicating with internet users in the mode of visual, audio and text. Since March 2003, the Web site has started Red-r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7556)
Reidpath DD, Chan KY;;;; Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
HIV discrimination is a major impediment to the control of the epidemic. Strategies to overcome it are central. Unfortunately little is known about HIV discrimination in the Asia Pacific region. The information that is available is often a record of the experiences of PLWHA and almost nothing is known about the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7557)
Menghaney L;;;; Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit, New Delhi, India
Sexual Violence is both a human rights violation and a public health problem. It undermines the mental health of the survivor and increases the risk of gynecological disorders, inflammatory diseases and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. A speedy response within hours of the sexual assault is necess
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7558)
Ramos MC, Germany C, D'Elia PB, Harzheim E, Vissoki J, Valdez IC, Viana JL;;;; Centro de Estudos de AIDS/STD Rio Grande do Sul (CEARGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Reliability of health services is crucial for the adequate management of people with STI/HIV. These patients face several constraints in accessing care, especially in low income countries. Studies were done pointing to the need to improve acceptability of the public healthcare system, especially of the primary
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7559)
Brito E, Monteiro M, Paula I, Oliveira M, Souza P, Goncalves D, Guibu I;;;; Coordination of STD/Aids of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The current epidemiological profile of Aids epidemic in the state of Sao Paulo showing the increase in heterosexual, female and low income groups, points the necessity towards providing the population easier access to STD/Aids preventive actions not only in specialized centers but also at Community Health C
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7560)
Huidrom HS;;;; Institution, Imphal, India
manipur, the north east states of india is considered the highest prevalance of hiv cases among idu s. during the past decades thousand have lost their lives & hundreds of orphans are left behind due to drug abuse and hiv. outreach intervention based on harm minimisation has been taken up by some ngo s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7561)
Heywood MJ;;;; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
South Africa is a developing country with an explosive HIV/AIDS epidemic. Until 2002, the SA Government focussed almost exclusively on HIV prevention and disregarded calls to add access to anti-retroviral treatment to other strategies as unaffordable or unsustainable. In 1999, the Treatment Action Campaign bega
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7562)
Richter ML;;;; AIDS Law Project, Centre for Applied Legal Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
South Africa has one of the greatest prevalence of rape in the world. The high levels of rape and sexual assault are matched with soaring levels of HIV - thus greatly increasing the risk of survivors of sexual assault to contract HIV. Prior to April 2002, Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rape su
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7563)
Garcia P, Ribell M, Miro G, Pedrol E, Badia A, Force L, Deig E, Barrufet P, Balanzo X, Soler A;;;; HIV Unit. Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Catalonia, Spain
LW&T are about trying to guarantee the last wishes of patients on life-threatening illness. HIV patients might be interested on learning about LW&T. To ascertain HIV patients knowledge on LW&T. Methods: We interviewed HIV patients collecting epidemiological, clinical and functional da
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7564)
Ek V;;;; Government Ministry, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
In Cambodia , the predominant mode of HIV transmission is heterosexual intercourse. Recent epidemiological data has alarmingly demonstrated a shift in transmissions predominantly from husband to wife (comprising 42% of new infections) and mother to child (35% of new infections). Concomitantly, condom use is hig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7565)
Nganga L, Marum E, Odoyo J, Hawken M, Kamau P, De Cock KM;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Premarital HIV testing is an underutilized HIV prevention strategy in high prevalence countries. We examined premarital HIV testing in the context of VCT in Kenya . Methods: To describe the frequency and characteristics of VCT clients undergoing premarital testing, we examined data from 19 VCT sites in Nair
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7566)
Atamewalen ED, Omokhudu I, Chinyere U;;;; Actionaid Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Religion plays a critical role in the lives of Nigerians. Whether as a policy maker, PLWA, FP provider, or as sex worker, their behaviour is likely to be influenced by their religion. Religious leaders and institutions wield enormous influence over the beliefs and practices of their membership. Sex, HIV/AIDS and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7567)
Souyterand Y, Sgombich MX, Gomez S, Bahamondez L, Gonzalez J, Cid C;;;; Grupo NOUS, Santiago, Chile
Chile is one of the 4 pilot countries where UNAIDS performed the first Initiative of access to ART that looked for a reduction pharmaceutical prices due to a reduction in import and trading rates in the pharmaceutical industry. In order to know the impacts of the Initiative in the PLWHIV served by Health Public Servi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7568)
Fernandes ME, Lamptey P, Ribeiro MA, Fini IG, Capistrano D, Nobrega F, Jatene AD;;;; Associacao Saude da Familia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
In 1992 Associacao Saude da Familia (ASF) was established with the technical assistance of Family Health International to serve as an umbrella NGO to provide technical assistance on the design, implementation, evaluation and dissemination of intervention and research projects in the area of HIV/AIDS. In 1999 ASF
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7569)
Fernandes ME, Moraes JC, Ferreiros C, Lamptey P, Shellstede W;;;; Faculdade de Medicina da Santa Casa, Sao Paulo, Brazil
In 1991 studies rported that the price of condoms to the consumer varied from US[dollar] 0,93 to US[dollar] 1.84 a piece, thus it was an impediment for the implementation HIV prevention programs in Brazil . Among the barriers identified in the composition of the price, taxes played a relevant role. The main tax
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7570)
Russell AI, Lugg A, Baker B, Cohn J;;;; Health GAP (Global Access Project), Philadelphia, United States
Patent monopolies and other forms of IPRs for essential products such as HIV medicines and medicines for other public health problems inhibit universal access by obstructing and delaying generic competition, which is one of the most powerful forces in lowering drug prices. Although the USG is a signatory to the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7571)
Rosales R, Rivera Scott NP;;;; NAP, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Honduras approved the Special AIDS Law in September, 1999, creating the National AIDS Commission (CONASIDA) as the highest level in charge of policy formulation and global coordination. Its legal framework was approved in May 2002 and in 2003 CONASIDA starts functioning. The National AIDS Program,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7572)
Aglobitse DM, Dairo AE;;;; United Nations Population Fund, New York, United States
People affected and infected by HIV/AIDS finally look up to the family both nuclear and extended as a last hope for care and support. The issues boils down to the family once more yet there is lack of focus on families as a unit of society in the numerous strategies being adopted for the prevention and care of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. ThPeC7573)
Galea S, Fuller CM, Ompad DC, Blaney S, Deren S, Des Jarlais DC, Vlahov D;;;; Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
Pharmacy syringe sales without a prescription became legal in New York State on January 1, 2001 through the Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Pr
