Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1105)
Zheng BJ, Zhao XY, Lee SS, Wong KH, Chan KC, Ma S, Ng MH;;;; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Previous studies showed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at coordinates -403 and -28 in the promoter region of RANTES, ie. -403A/G and -28 C/G, exhibit distinct ethnic distribution. Their apparent impact on the course of HIV infection also seems to differ for different ethnic groups. Methods: We d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1106)
Weiser B, Burger H, Fang G, Kuiken C, Rowland-Jones S, Plummer F, Chen CH, Kaul R, Sinsheimer JS, Anzala AO, Bwayo J, Kimani J, Philpott S, Kitchen C, Gaschen B, Lang D, Shi B, Kemal KS, Rostran T, Brunner C;;;; Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health
The pace of HIV-1 disease progression is variable, and long-term survival may be influenced by viral sequences, host genetics, and immune responses. Methods: To investigate the determinants of slow disease progression in an untreated African cohort infected with non-clade B HIV-1, we obtained complete plasm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1107)
Capoulade-Metay C, Ma L, Truong XL, Dudoit Y, Versmisse P, Nguyen NV, Nguyen M, Scott-Algara D, Barre-Sinoussi F, Debre P, Pancino G, Theodorou I;;;; INSERM, Paris, France
Despite multiple exposure to HIV-1, some individuals remain uninfected. This resistance has been associated with homozygosity for a 32-base pair deletion in the CCR5 receptor gene. This variant is frequent in Caucasians, but extremely rare in Asians. Identifying variations in the CCR5 gene affecting suscept
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1108)
Bukrinsky MI, Zhao Y, Iordanskiy SN;;;; The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
HIV-1 Vpr is an important contributor to viral pathogenesis. Vpr displays several highly conserved pathogenic activities, including induction of cell cycle G2 arrest and cell death, as well as stimulating HIV-1 infection of macrophages. To identify innate anti-Vpr factors, we performed a genetic search for
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1133)
Pomerantz RJ, Kubota S, Yan B, Zhou N, Zhang H, Godbout R, Fang J;;;; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
Introduction: HIV-1 Rev escorts unspliced viral mRNAs out of the nucleus of infected cells which allows formation of infections HIV-1 virions. We have identified a putative RNA helicase, DDX1, as a novel cellular co-factor which interacts with a specific motif of Rev, entitled nuclear diffusion inhibitory signal (NIS).
We have previously described a cis enhancer sequence (CES) in the gp41 region of HIV-1 env downstream to RRE, which could co-operate with Rev and RRE to enhance Gag and Env expression. Methods: We tested whether the CES could function in CTE-dependent expression system by replacing RRE with CTE in expressio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1135)
Guo X, Roldan A, Hu J, Wainberg MA, Liang C;;;; McGill AIDS Centre/McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Lentiviral Gag protein contains a short spacer sequence that separates the capsid (CA) from the downstream nucleocapsid (NC) domain, which has been shown to play an important role in the assembly of HIV-1gag protein. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this study is to gain f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1136)
Frankel FA, Roldan HA, Liang C, Wainberg MA;;;; Jewish General Hospital - LDI. McGill University, Montreal, Canada
HIV-1 Tat is a small basic protein which is synthesized from multiply spliced viral RNA and is required for both efficient viral gene expression and reverse transcription. The presence of Tat in the virion has never been reported, yet Tat is able to exert effects on reverse transcription in a new round of i
Alteration of cellular gene expression is one of the mechanisms involved in the inmune dysregulation induced upon HIV infection. In this regard, the HIV1-tat protein has been shown to affect the activation of different cellular transcription factors through direct and indirect mechanisms. We have investigated the role
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1138)
Costa LJ, Zheng YH, Mak J, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM;;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
The atypical Nef protein from HIV-1F12 (NefF12) interferes with virion production and infectivity via a mysterious mechanism. The correlation of these effects with the unusual perinuclear subcellular localization of NefF12 suggested that the wild type Nef protein could bind to assembly intermediates in late stages of v
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1139)
McCutchan F, Piyasirisilp S, Hoffmann O, Sanders-Buell E, Wilson G, Tovanabutra S, Birx DL, Hoelscher M, Maboko L;;;; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
Dual infection with more than one HIV-1 subtype is a potential source of new recombinant strains and may result from limited cross-protective immunity. A high-risk cohort in Tanzania , where subtypes A, C, and D co-circulate, has been evaluated for dual infection. Methods: A subset of the cohort was evaluat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1141)
Zhu T, Zioni R, Zhu H, Xu Y, Lee J, Nelson P, Andrus T, Llewellyn N, Nickle D, Chang Y, Mullins J, Corey L, McElrath J;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
In the past 6 years, we have conducted a study to identify HIV-1 infection in exposed-seronegatives (ES) persons who reported repeated unprotected sexual activities with multiple HIV-1-infected partners. Methods: HIV-1 sequences were PCR-amplified from ES and their long-term sexual partners, and were analyz
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1142)
Takebe Y, Kusagawa S, Yang R;;;; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
The infectious HIV-1 molecular clones have been critical tools for systemic evaluation of the structure and function of HIV-1 genes and for delineating the mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the infectious molecular clones for CRF08_BC that
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1143)
Kallas EG, Sa Filho DJ, Bassichetto KC, Sanabani SS, Sabino E, Janini M, Diaz RS, Mesquita F;;;; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Recombination is recognized as one of the major mechanisms generating HIV-1 diversity. Recombinants have been identified in Brazil based on short genome fragments precluding a comprehensive appreciation of their structure. Full-length HIV-1 genome analysis in recently acquired infections will provide a more
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1144)
Sahni AK, Seth P, Gupta RM, Bhardwaj JR, Prasad VV;;;; Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
Rapidly evolving viruses such as HIV-1 develop marked sequence differences in their genome over course of epidemic and in individuals infected for longer duration. Best strategy for controlling the menace of HIV remains development of efficacious prophylactic vaccine using the most appropriate (antigenicall
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1181)
Pomerantz RJ, Xu Y, Sullivan J, Kulkosky J;;;; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
Introduction: The induction of neuronal cell death in vivo has been recognized as a prominent feature of HIV-1 infection leading to HIV-1-induced encephalopathy. Viral and host cells proteins, released from HIV-1-infected cells, have been implicated as the inducers of neuronal cell apoptosis. Methods: Murine and human
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1182)
Schwartz L, Lawrence DM, Seth P, Durham L, Major EO;;;; National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
HIV-1 infected adults and children may develop CNS disease, but clinical and pathologic manifestations differ. Microglial cells are productively infected in both, but up to 20% of pediatric subcortical astrocytes may also contain virus, a finding not reported in adults. To investigate this observation, we e
Vertical transmission of HIV-1 is a serious public health issue. HIV-1 enters massively in trophoblasts (cells of the placenta) chiefly via endocytosis, a process leading to infection of these cells. The expression of CD4/CXCR4/CCR5 is controversial in trophoblasts suggesting a different receptor usage by H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1184)
Philpott S, Watt G, Kitchen CM, Brunner C, Kantipong P, Burnouf T, Burger H, Weiser B;;;; New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States
Scrub typhus (O. tsutsugamushi) infection of HIV-positive patients can be accompanied by a decrease in HIV load. Transfer of plasma from scrub typhus patients to HIV-infected individuals also results in a drop in viral load. The mechanism of suppression is unclear but may involve induction of inhibitory sub
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1185)
Grivel JC, Garcia M, Moss WJ, Margolis LB;;;; NICHD/NIH, Bethesda, United States
Lymphoid tissues and organs are prominent sites of both measles virus and HIV-1 replication. HIV-infected children with acute measles were shown to have reduced plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. We tested the hypothesis that measles virus infection suppresses HIV-1 replication in lymphoid tissues. Methods: We infect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1186)
Casoli C, Pilotti E, Elviri L, Campanini B, Mozzarelli A, Careri M, Vicenzi E, Bertazzoni U, Re MC, Berghenti F, Caccavari R, Poli G;;;; University of Parma, Parma, Italy
A substantial percentage (10-20%) of IDUs in the world are co-infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-2. We have demonstrated that in co-infected subjects, induction of CCL3/MIP-1ialpha and other T-cell factor(s) by HTLV-2 may lead to inhibition of HIV infection. This study is aiming at understanding the influence of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrA1219)
Taylor M, Dlamini SB, Nyawo N, Jinabhai CC, Morar N, Esterhuizen T, Friedland G;;;; University, Durban, South Africa
Introduction: Use of disinhibiting substances may influence risky sexual behaviour in the SA HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study investigated the relationship between the use of alcohol,dagga (cannabis), cocaine, solvent inhalants, injecting drug use, and sexual behaviour placing students at risk of HIV/AIDS. Method: A cross
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1140)
Smith DM, Wong JK, Hightower G, Koelsch KK, Igancio C, Daar E, Richman DD, Little SJ;;;; University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Formal documentation of HIV superinfection (SI) in humans has only recently been reported. To investigate clinical consequences of SI, we studied 3 cases identified in a cohort of newly infected individuals. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed plasma samples from subjects enrolled in the San Diego and Los
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1145)
De Baets A, Edidi B, Beelaert G, Schrooten W, Kolsteren P, Fransen K;;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
Phlebotomy and HIV-testing in children at the district hospital level remain complicated in many aspects. Alternative tests and strategies would facilitate optimization of care and scaling up of antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Venous and capillar phlebotomies were performed on 941 Congolese children, aged
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1146)
Naeem-Sheik A, Makuraj A, Bogoshi M, Violari A, Cindi J, McIntyre J, Gray G, Vardas E;;;; Institution, Johannesburg, South Africa
Saliva is often used as a non-invasive, cheaper alternative to serum to detect HIV-1 antibodies in surveillance programmes in developing countries and is a reliable, safe and effective alternative to serum for ELISA testing for HIV-1 antibodies in adults. The diagnosis of HIV infection in young children is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1147)
Ipuge Y, Lyamuya E, Kagoma C, Ocheng D, Martin C, Mbago T, Merlin T, Collins C, Downer M, Scott C;;;; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -Tanzania, Atlanta, United States
Use of rapid HIV antibody tests in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites is common, but little data describe performance of commercially available rapid HIV kits in field settings. Methods: We undertook a field trial to evaluate performance of five rapid HIV test kits in three VCT sites in Dar es Sal
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1148)
Walker SK, Aye TT, Francis B, Dax EM;;;; National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia, Melbourne, Australia
Accurate HIV test results are critical for the correct diagnosis and treatment of HIV. The National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia (NRL) coordinates an External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) monitoring laboratory performances for anti-HIV testing in Asia, the Pacific and Australia. Methods: The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1149)
Fryland M, Chaillet P, Bonte L, Barnaba A, Teck R, Odiambo D, Zachariah R;;;; Medecins sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium
It is important to monitor CD4+ T-Cell counts in HIV-positive individuals in order to decide when to initiate anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and to assess immunological evolution. A instrument called the Partec CyFlow Counter™ (Partec GmbH, Munster, Germany ) is now available for CD4+ counting. This m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1150)
Fisher KA, Weiner J, Farley J, Nesheim S, Palumbo P, Bulterys M, Abrams EJ;;;; Columbia Univrersity, New York City, United States
Current WHO guidelines suggest consideration of total lymphocyte count (TLC) as a substitute for CD4 lymphocyte count in resource-limited settings. In adults, investigators recently proposed a clinical algorithm combining TLC and hemoglobin (Hg). The age-dependent relationships between TLC, Hb, and CD4 have
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1187)
Obimbo EM, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Overbaugh J, Emery S, Otieno PA, Wamalwa D, Gichuhi C, Wariua G, Bosire R, Lohman B, John-Stewart G;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
We conducted a prospective observational study in Nairobi among HIV-1 infected pregnant women and their infants to determine association between maternal and infant viral burden, and infant disease progression. Methods: HIV-1 infected women were enrolled during third trimester and given short course zidovud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1188)
Doerholt K, Duong T, Sharland M, Tookey P, Butler K, Lyall H, Dunn D, Gibb DM;;;; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
CD4 and viral load (VL) are poor predictors for progression to AIDS/death in infancy. In addition to a paucity of studies evaluating early treatment in infancy, adherence difficulties and limited pharmacokinetic data complicate decisions about starting HAART in infancy. Methods: The CHIPS cohort has followe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1189)
Gibb DM, Dunn DT, Duong T, Galli L, Giaquinto C, Hughes M, Mofenson L, Moye J, Newell ML, Palumbo P, Rudin C, Shearer W;;;; Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
TLC has been proposed as an alternative to CD4% for informing when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected children in resource-poor settings. WHO guidelines suggest a threshold of 2500 cells/mm[3] for children
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1190)
McIntosh K, Seage GR, Buchacz K, Weinberg GA, Dankner WM;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
A staging system predictive of severity for perinatally HIV-infected children is needed for clinical and research purposes, particularly in resource-poor settings. Methods: A Pediatric AIDS Severity Score (PASS) was developed using baseline sociodemographic, clinical, immunologic, and functional measures ob
In 2001 the Botswana Government took a bold decision to provide its citizens with free antiretroviral treatment. Children who are HIV infected as determined by ELISA or PCR tests qualify for treatment. We report our experience on treatment-naive children enrolled in the program between April 2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrB1192)
Ananworanich J, Lolekha R, Pancharoen C, Sirivichayakul S, Siangphoe U, Kaewchana S, Apateerapong W, Mahanontharit A, Chotpitayasunondh T, Ruxrungtham K;;;; Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand
To determine incidence of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations in Thai children treated with dual NRTI. The results will guide the next appropriate ARV regimen options. Methods: Between Mar and May 2003, 100 dual NRTI-treated children attending the pediatric infectious disease clinics at 2 tertiary care cen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1109)
Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Cooper H, Keem M, Friedman R, Flom PL;;;; National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY, United States
Little research has been done on structural predictors of IDU population prevalence, HIV prevalence among IDUs, or prevention program coverage. Methods: Using methods similar to Holmberg s (1996), we estimated IDUs per 10,000 population and HIV prevalence rates in IDUs for 96 large USA metropolitan areas in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1110)
Booth RE, Mikulich-Gilbertson S, Brewster JT, Salomonson-Sautel S, Semerik S;;;; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, United States
The explosive rise of the HIV epidemic in Ukraine was likely attributable to both the economic and social turmoil brought on by the collapse of the Soviet Union, as well as the injection practices of IDUs in Ukraine. The present study was designed to assess factors associated with continued needle-related r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1111)
Macalino GE, McNamara S, Sanford-Colby S, Case T, Zierler S;;;; Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
Access to clean syringes has been shown to be a powerful HIV prevention effort among injection drug users. Recently, a policy intervention was adopted in Rhode Island to allow for over-the-counter purchase of syringes. We sought to determine if racial/ethnic disparities existed by purchaser experience. Meth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1112)
Colon HM, Finlinson HA, Robles R, Rios E;;;; Center for Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
The shared use of drug preparation materials has an important role in the transmission of HIV and HCV among IDUs. The shared use of these materials results in exposure to blood-borne pathogens largely because they come in contact with contaminated syringes during the process of preparing drug solutions. Modifyi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1113)
Hammett TM, Norton GD, Kling R, Wei L, Yi C, Ngu D, Binh KT, Dong HV, Des Jarlais DC;;;; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
Community understanding and support are essential to the success of harm reduction interventions for HIV prevention among IDUs. As part of the evaluation of a peer-based intervention involving distribution of new needles/syringes and pharmacy vouchers and collection of used needles/syringes, we monitored co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1114)
Vickerman PT, Kumaranyake L, Watts C, Guinness L, Balakireva O, Artyukh O, Yaremenko A;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
There are ~25,000 injecting drug users (IDUs) in Odessa. In 2000 the IDU HIV prevalence was 64%. A harm reduction project started in Sept 1999. It reached 7524 IDUs and distributed 71,273 syringes in its 1st year. The percentage of reached IDUs not sharing syringes doubled in 2 years. We estimate the cost-e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1121)
Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Levin JB, Jama PN, Khuzwayo N, Duvvury N, Koss MP;;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: Experiences of sexual violence in childhood have been shown to influence HIV risk behaviours but there is limited evidence of links between other forms of childhood trauma and HIV risk behaviours. This paper seeks to describe the impact of childhood trauma on HIV risk behaviours of South African youth. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1124)
Gilbert L, El-Bassel N, Wu E, Go H, Ashton D, Hill J, Sanders G;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
The relationship between perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual HIV risk among men remains unclear, despite accumulating evidence documenting associations between experiencing IPV and HIV risk among women. The purpose of this NIDA-funded study was to examine the temporal relationships betwe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1126)
Christofides NJ, Jewkes RK, Muirhead D, Penn-Kekana LA;;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Sexual assault and HIV infection are highly prevalent in South Africa . In April 2002 the government announced that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent the transmission of HIV would be made available in the public health service. This study aims to model the cost-effectiveness of PEP to prevent the t
Increasing number of Street children is one of the emerging Public health threats faced by Pakistan . Anecdotal data suggests that these children are among the most vulnerable populations at risk of acquiring and spreading HIV infection, due to lacking awareness and extremely risky sexual practices. This cr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1152)
Jain S, Fritz K, Woelk G, Chirowodza A, Makumbe K, McFarland WC;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Francisco, United States
Although undefined and minimally referenced in the literature, anecdotal reports contend that sugar daddies are widespread and contribute to high HIV prevalence among young women. Methods: To establish a working definition of sugar daddies and characterize their demographic and risk profile, data were exami
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1153)
Wambe M, Gregson S, Nyamukapa CA, Garnett GP, Lewis JJ, Mason PR, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM;;;; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
Orphans and children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS (OVCs) in sub-Saharan Africa could be at increased risk of HIV infection and other adverse reproductive health outcomes. Methods: Data on HIV infection, sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms, and pregnancy, and common risk factors were collected for O
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1154)
Hlongwa-Madikizela LF, Pettifor A, Rees H, Zantsi K;;;; Reproductive Health research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Studies among youth in the United States have found that parental monitoring/presence can have a positive effect on reducing high risk behaviours yet there is little data showing the same in Africa. The aim of this paper was to determine whether the presence of parents has an effect on HIV and related risk
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1155)
Torres MP, Walker DM, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; Division of Reproductive Health, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
There is growing skepticism among experts as to the impact of school-based education interventions on reducing sexual risk taking and unplanned pregnancy. We aimed to measure the impact of a high school-based HIV/AIDS prevention intervention on knowledge, attitudes and sexual risk behavior in Morelos,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1156)
Hargreaves JR, Morison LA, Porter JD, Makhubele MB, Kim JC, Watts C, Busza J, Pronyk PM;;;; Rural AIDS and Development Action Research Programme, Acornhoek, South Africa
Household wealth might influence young peoples risk of HIV infection through many pathways. Understanding this might help elucidate the potential role of poverty alleviation initiatives in HIV prevention. We examined whether current school enrolment might be a pathway linking household wealth and risk of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1157)
Egger M;;;; On behalf of the ART Cohort Collaboration
The ART Cohort Collaboration was established to estimate the prognosis of HIV-1 infected, treatment naive patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: 12 cohorts currently participate in ART-CC: FHDH ( France ), ICONA ( Italy ), SHCS (Swiss), ATHENA (Dutch), EuroSIDA
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1158)
Munderi P, Watera C, Nakiyingi J, Kasirye A, Walker S, French N, Gilks C, Grosskurth H;;;; Medical Reasearch Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
The Entebbe cohort (EC) is an active, community-based clinical cohort of HIV-infected adults set up in 1995. Recruits were staged clinically and by CD4 count at entry, followed up with standard protocols and each death confirmed. Several HIV interventions have been evaluated in this cohort before the introd
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1159)
Gomez FA, Romero SP, Bernal JA, Gonzalez-Outon J, Briceno F, Ruiz P, Garcia-Gil D;;;; Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Department of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
AIDS related mortality has decreased after the introduction of HAART. To assess the incidence of causes of death with the improvement of HARRT. Methods: We studied the cause of death over three different periods pre-HAART (January 1992 to December 1994), early-HAART (January 1995 to December 1998
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1160)
Enriquez ME, Petersen M, Hacker M, Bastos FI;;;; Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Brazil , as the first developing country to offer HAART through a government public health system in November 1996, presents a unique opportunity to assess the impact of universal access to HAART in a resource-limited setting. This study aims to analyze nationwide trends in AIDS incidence and mortality in B
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1161)
Kellerman SE, Blair J;;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
Introduction: ART has decreased AIDS incidence in the US, but some people with HIV still progress to AIDS. We determined factors associated with progression to AIDS. Methods: Medical record abstraction for the 12 months preceding AIDS diagnosis was performed for persons >13 years old diagnosed with AIDS in 1999 and rep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1162)
Lee KC, Wong KH, Chan KC, Lee SS, Chan MK;;;; Integrated Treatment Centre, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
Background Western countries have witnessed decreased AIDS morbidity and mortality with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We examined progression to AIDS and/or death in advanced HIV disease patients in Hong Kong , in the pre-HAART and HAART era. Methods We retrospectively studied 1074 non-per
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1193)
Marseille E, McConnel CE, Dandona L, Marshall N, Lioznov D, Hansl B, Bautista S, Stanley N, Muyingo S, Krupitsky E, du Plessis J, Zvartau E, Bertozzi S, Gaist P, Kahn JG;;;; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, United States
Understanding the correlates of efficiency in operating voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programs could strengthen the impact of HIV prevention efforts in low and middle-income countries. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the association of key program features with efficiency in the provision
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1195)
Visrutaratna S, Sripaipan T, Kawichai S, Chariyalertsak S, Ruangyuttikarn C, Beyrer C, Short O, Inchum W, Celentano DD;;;; Chiang Mai Public Health Office, Thai Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) has been a main strategy for preventing HIV transmission and widely available in Thailand since 1992. We conducted a pilot study that provided mobile VCT to rural residents of four districts in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand to inform our design of this typ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1197)
Van Loon CL, Koevoets WM;;;; HIV Association Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Several studies have shown that by 2000, 58% of MSM in the Netherlands had never been tested for HIV and that by 2002, 1/3 of the MSM with HIV in Amsterdam actually knew their HIV status. Although the prevalence among MSM in the Netherlands is comparable to that in other western urban areas, MSM in the Neth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1199)
Allman D, Myers T, Calzavara L, Ennis M, Remis R, Maxwell J, Travers R;;;; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
To examine differences between men who receive money for sex and those who receive non monetary resources. Methods: An anonymous, self-completed cross-sectional study conducted in 13 communities. Men were recruited within gay bars, bathhouses, events and organizations. Logistic regression analysis was used
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1200)
Lippman SA, Pulerwitz J, Reingold A, Chinaglia M, Ogura C, Hubbard A, van Dam J, Diaz J;;;; Population Council, Campinas, Brazil
Mobile populations such as truck drivers may be vulnerable to HIV infection. Qualitative research indicates that movement away from protective social networks may result in more readiness to engage in riskier sexual behaviors, including relations with multiple partners. There is sparse quantitative data fro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1201)
Johnson AM, Mercer CH, Ward H, Wellings K, Fenton KA, Erens B;;;; University College, London, United Kingdom
High-risk sexual behaviour, STI incidence and heterosexually acquired diagnosed HIV infections are increasing in Britain. Women sex workers have been the focus of HIV prevention initiatives, and their risk currently remains low. However, little attention has focussed on clients. We examined the epidemiology
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1202)
Huang YY, Henderson GE, Pan SM, Cohen MS;;;; Sociology Department, Renmin University, Beijing, China
The number of female sex workers (FSWs) in China has increased in the past decade; current estimates range from half a million to three-four million. In 2000, HIV prevalence among FSWs in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces was 10.7% and 4.6%, but recent studies have shown that most FSWs in China have little knowl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1203)
Hoffmann O, Wolff B, Maboko L, Mmbando D, Samky E, McCutchan F, Todd J, Zaba B, Hoelscher M;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Munich/London, Germany
Introduction: The HISIS Study, established in 2000, has an open cohort design for 600 female bar and guest-house workers followed up at three-monthly intervals for 30 months, to learn about socio-demographic, virologic and immunologic correlates of HIV-1 infection and HIV-superinfection in high-risk occupational groups
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrC1204)
Wotton R, McMahon MF;;;; ACON, Sydney, Australia
Sydney has a legally-defined street-based sex working area that the Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP) regularly outreaches. Recent over-policing has shown a direct negative impact on the effectiveness of HIV prevention strategies. After an extended period of over-policing in 2003, sex workers rep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1115)
Onyango M, Mkala Z, Purdon S;;;; Movement of Men Against AIDS in Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
In Kenya , traditionally, men are not empowered or given skills to deal with HIV/AIDS or with being HIV positive, yet they make most of the decisions at home, in the workplace, in parliament and in religious institutions. Men have not been actively involved in HIV prevention, care or support. Men with HIV/AIDS have suf
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1116)
Gebreselassie G, Kereta W, Livi N, Girma A, Berhan K, Stuer F;;;; Family Health International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Family Health International is providing technical assistance to strengthen home-based care (HBC) services in Addis Ababa. Existing HBC services were assessed in terms of adequacy, constraints and quality of care. After consultative program design, an umbrella organization was selected from the HBC implementing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1117)
Oritz-Torres B, Noboa-Ortega P;;;; Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Social networks have been identified as an important source of support for HIV+ women. After more of two decades of the AIDS epidemics, interventions for this group do not incorporate in a consistent fashion members of these networks such as family members and health providers. In an exploratory study we had fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1118)
Akintola O;;;; University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
The South African government is promoting home-based care programme due to the over-stretching of formal health facilities and the potential positive benefits for PLWAs. Yet, little is known about the consequences upon the caregivers let alone the broader strategic implications on home-based care in the cou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1119)
Castano F, Atkin L;;;; Margaret Sanger Center International, New York, United States
This abstract focuses on how to scale up HIV prevention programs for young people and presents a framework of critical components (CC) to guide such efforts. Margaret Sanger Center International (MSCI) implemented Safe Youth Worldwide (SYW), a global initiative funded by UNFPA, aimed at identifying
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1120)
Susser IS, Parisi PE;;;; Columbia University/Hunter College, New York City, United States
The increased availability and funding of treatment and prevention techniques for HIV/AIDS in southern Africa is transforming social, cultural and political milieux and forcing a re-evaluation of social programs and cultural expectations. Based on ethnographic research in Namibia and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1122)
Banerjee A, Jana S, Bandyopadhyay N, Sengupta S;;;; Rural and Urban Development and Sustainable Alternatives, Calcutta, India
This paper addresses the issue of violence and other human rights violations faced by sex workers, explores how it increases their vulnerability to STD/HIV and suggests interventions to address the problem. Methods: This 4-month ethnographic study covered 220 sex workers in Calcutta. Quantitative and qualit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1123)
Smith Fawzi MC, Lambert W, Singler JM, Tanagho Y, Leandre F, Nevil P, Bertrand D, Claude MS, Bertrand J, Louissaint M, Joanis L, Mukherjee J, Goldie S, Salazar JJ, Farmer P;;;; Harvard Medical School and Partners In Health, Boston, MA, United States
The goals of the study were to: 1) estimate the prevalence of forced sex among women accessing services at a women s health clinic in rural Haiti ; 2) examine factors associated with forced sex in this population; and 3) explore the implications of these findings for HIV prevention among women in this extre
Bangladesh is at a great risk of AIDS epidemic, despite its relatively low prevalence of HIV. Migration from neighboring India and Myanmar and unprotected sex in vulnerable group is a major threat for spreading HIV/AIDS.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1163)
Kamkwamba H, Malekezo M, Deutsch B;;;; Salvation Army, Blantyre, Malawi
In Malawi , cultural practices which increase risk of transmission of STIs including HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancy, and delay women s access to emergency maternal health care services have been well documented. The National Behaviour Change Interventions Strategy for HIV/AIDS/SRH (2002) also highlights the elimi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1164)
Ngnie Tagne S, Kengne Siriaque KS, Tagne AF;;;; Society for Women Against AIDS in Africa - Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
Sub-Saharan Africa is the most hit by HIV/AIDS, 26.6 million cases in 2003, 3.2 million newly infected and 2.3 million deaths. Women are more exposed than men to infection. Youth aged 15-24 are seriously hit by this pandemic, especially girls who have intercourse at early ages with elderly persons who are m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1165)
Martini M, Di Pasquale L, Cohen G, Pizzirani A;;;; IOM, Rome, Italy
Italy has become an immigration country only in the last decades. In order to decrease their vulnerability to HIV-AIDS, migrant communities need to be given the chance to access information in their own language and in respect to their cultural approaches. Specific research is needed to find the most effect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1166)
Molloy R;;;; Marie Stopes International Australia, Melbourne, Australia
The general population of Australia is recognised as being one of the healthiest of any developed country. In contrast, the Indigenous Australian population is one of the least healthy, even worse than in many developing countries. Rates for STIs are remarkably high among the Aboriginal population, and the rate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1167)
Zulu KP;;;; Youth Forum Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
In most African Countries, childhood is a time of hardships, particularly in Zambia where child abuse, sexual defilement, HIV/AIDS and other sexual transmitted infections (STIs), so often fall heavily on children. The conspiracy of culture and traditional impurity has greatly contributed to the rise of HIV/AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1168)
Chan KY, Yi Y, Zhang KL, Reidpath DD;;;; Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
Controlling HIV stigma is central to controlling the epidemic. Unfortunately the understanding of the phenomenon is still in its infancy. HIV stigma is, for instance, known to be layered upon multiple co-stigmas associated with injecting drug use, sex work, sexual behavior, ethnicity, poverty and disability
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1205)
Chimzizi RB;;;; TB Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi
Malawi , a small land-locked country in Southern Africa, has one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV infection in the world, with AIDS leading cause of death among 15-49 year olds. This year (2003) it is estimated that there are approximately 900,000 adults and children living with HIV AIDS out of a popu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1206)
Valencia ES, Saez HV;;;; Parnassia Psychiatric Research Center, The Hague, Netherlands
Homeless mentally ill persons at risk for HIV are also at risk for TB. There is a need to include TB screening in their specialized services. We report on the inclusion of TB screening as part of Critical Time Intervention services to homeless mentally ill in a large NYC shelter during a five-year period. C
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1207)
Rhucharoenpornpanich O, Tadashi Y, Sirinak C, Lewluck W, Thanarujiwong U, Lewluck C, Chaiposri P, Rodraksa T;;;; AIDS Control Division, Department of Health, BMA, Bangkok, Thailand
Approximately 15,000 people in Bangkok develop tuberculosis (TB) annually. TB cases have sharply increased with the HIV epidemic and most cases live in crowded communities. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen programs that combat the dual infection among these populations. This study investigated TB per
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1208)
Bhalla S, Banderwal D, Jain A, Tripathi CD, Singh S;;;; New Dehli, India
Tuberculosis, a major public health problem in most of the developing world, is posing a still bigger threat with the world wide epidemic of Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV). Tuberculosis exerts a detrimental effect on the course of HIV infection and the risk of death in HIV infected persons with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1209)
Floyd K, Kumaranayake L, Getahun H, Nunn P;;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a target that 3 million HIV+ people in developing countries should be enrolled on antiretrovial treatment (ART) by 2005 (the 3 by 5 initiative). Many HIV+ tuberculosis (TB) patients meet the criteria for enrolment on ART. TB programmes can make an important c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1210)
Kumaranayake L, Fielding K, Grant A, Roux S, Charalambous S, Day J, Churchyard G;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infections among HIV-positive people in Africa. Although efficacious, there are several operational obstacles to implementing Isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis. This is the first study to estimate cost-effectiveness of INH prophylaxis in a routine health setting
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1211)
Glass TR, Vernazza PL, Young J, Rickenbach M, Flepp M, Furrer H, Bernasconi E, Weber R, Cavassini M, Hirschel B, Battegay M, Bucher HC;;;; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
Sexual contact is the primary mode of HIV transmission worldwide and in the last few years there has been an increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the northwestern hemisphere. We evaluated whether reported unsafe sexual behavior among HIV-infected individuals, both treated and untreated, is increasi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1212)
Onwuliri VA, Kanki P, Umeh MN, Oyere CN, Odutolu O, Awari H, Mohammed R, Ihemegbulam PC, Mmegwa PN, Solomon MD;;;; Society for Women and AIDS in Africa Nigeria/Department of Biochemistry University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Nigeria has 4million people living with HIV/AIDS. Plateau State, Nigeria has a prevalence of 7.8% and 11.3% for the capital city. It ranks third in HIV prevalence among the States in Nigeria. Plateau is reputed for tourism and sex work flourishes. The sexual and economic insubordination of women and their poor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1213)
Lyavala JL, Nabiryo C;;;; The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Kampala, Uganda
At TASO during counseling session, PLWHAs are encouraged to practice safer sex with their partners in order to prevent infections and re-infections of HIV/AIDS & STDs. They are encouraged to share their HIV/AIDS sero status with partners to avoid spread. Data from counseling sessions for clients that joined
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1214)
Robin LE, Coyle KK, Kirby DB, Banspach SW, Baumler E, Glassman J;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Alternative schools in the United States serve youth at risk of failure in mainstream high schools because of disciplinary problems, substance use, or involvement in the juvenile justice system. Alternative school students are at greater risk than students in mainstream high schools for sexual activity and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1215)
Maticka-Tyndale E, Wildish J, Gichuru M, Brouillard-Coyle C, Gallant M, Metcalfe K, Holland D;;;; University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
We have considerable information about which intervention programmes work under the controlled conditions imposed by evaluation designs. However, we rarely know what will happen when a successful intervention is scaled-up for implementation across vast geographical areas and religious and cultural diversity
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1216)
McCauley AP, Baker S, Givaudan M, James S, Leenen I, Pick S, Reddy P, Rewthong U, Rumakom P, Greene J;;;; Horizons Program/International Center for research on Women, Washington, D.C., United States
Curricula designers in 3 countries incorporated abstinence messages into pilot curricula according to their assessment of local student needs. A rights-based approach was used in Mexico and South Africa , and a health strategy approach in Thailand . All 3 programs also
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1217)
Land C;;;; Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States
Available data on adolescent reproductive and sexual health in Ethiopia paints a daunting picture of HIV risk, including early sexual initiation, multiple partners, intergenerational sex, and low condom use. The present study examines the association between risk and/or protective factors and sexual risk be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1218)
Murray NJ, Chatterji M, Dougherty L, Winfrey B, Buek K, Amon J, Mulenga Y, Jones A;;;; Futures Group International, Washington, DC, United States
Family dynamics and family structure theory suggest that familial disruption increases the probability that youth will engage in risky behaviors, including becoming sexually active at an early age. Unpublished research studies and programmatic reports have suggested that orphans in developing countries are
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1220)
McMahon JM, Tortu S, Pouget ER, Hamid R, Torres L;;;; National Development and Research Institutes, New York, United States
A growing number of epidemiological studies indicate that many women are at greatest risk for acquiring HIV from their primary male partners (PMPs; husbands or steady boyfriends) compared to other partner types. This study examined HIV risk among women drug-users to assess relative risk from different types
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1221)
Ompad DC, Fuller CM, Galea S, Del Vecchio S, Vlahov D;;;; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
Previous studies have reported higher rates of sexual and drug use behaviors in women who have sex with women (WSW) as compared to women who have sex with men only (WSMO). We compared the distribution of HIV risk factors among young WSW and WSMO drug users in New York City. Methods: Female drug users (active
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1222)
Wells VE;;;; SOTENI International, Cincinnati, United States
Women are less powerful than men in obtaining health care, negotiating sexual relations, earning wages, and even taking care of themselves, each one of which increases their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. These sociologic issues ignite with women s increased biological vulnerability to fuel the worldwide epidemic.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1127)
Irawati Atmosukarto I, Eka B;;;; IHPCP-AUSAID, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
This abstract looks at successful efforts by the harm reduction working group (POKJA) of West Java (WJ) and DKI Jakarta (DKI). Both provinces were well known for the lack of commitment by local government. Yet, recently, all institutions put aside their differences to build comprehensive services.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1128)
Mathai R, Foti C, Olouch P, Doherty A;;;; Catholic Medical Mission Board, New York, United States
Born to Live, Catholic Medical Mission Board s (CMMB s) prevention of mother-to-child of HIV/AIDS program in South Africa , Kenya , Zambia , Swaziland , Nigeria , Haiti , & Papua New
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1129)
Pedraza J, Pena M;;;; Cicatelli Associates Inc., New York, United States
Scaling up treatment programs can be successfully achieved by forging multidisciplinary collaborations between people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and HIV health and social service providers. Given the increasing access of antiretroviral medications and the need for innovative strategies to support adherence to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1130)
Chu TV, Pham HT, Chong PS, Hoang TN, Ha DV, Nguyen TH, Luu CM, Kamb ML;;;; Vietnam Ministry of Health - LIFE/GAP Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
HIV in Vietnam is fueled by a concurrent epidemic of injecting heroin use and, by 2003 injecting-related HIV cases have been identified in all 61 provinces or urban areas. In October 2002, Vietnam s Ministry of Health initiated a national program for provinces to expand HIV prevention services, including pe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1131)
Conway M;;;; The Children and Young People HIV Network, London, United Kingdom
How do we provide the optimum care and support for HIV positive children living in Britain and ensure their voices are central in the development and provision of this? Numbers of positive children are increasing in the UK, yet with the exception of a few centres of excellence, HIV medical and support services
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1132)
Mutale BM;;;; Youth Alive Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Behavior change and enforcement of Life skills are the most effective method of HIV/AIDS prevention among the youth. Many existing HIV/AIDS and Life skills programs at community level do not address the sexual cultures, concerns, desires, experiences and are not based on true actual needs of the youth as most p
The Central American AIDS Project (PASCA) is committed to enhance the program environment for an effective HIV/AIDS response in El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1170)
Palmer S, Thompson A, Gill B;;;; HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, United States
China s HIV epidemic may infect 10 to 15 million persons by 2010. In 2003, the Chinese government introduced a new program, China CARES, to provide free or low-cost antiretrovirals to infected persons in 9 provinces. The program treated about 5500 patients in 2003, and hopes to reach 40,000 by 2008. However, ma
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1171)
Falobi OA, Nwagwu M, Danuk JH, Akanni OO;;;; Journalists Against AIDS (JAAIDS), Lagos, Nigeria
Many countries that have made advances in eradicating or reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination have done so partly through the mechanism of legislation. In Nigeria , laws and policies to protect against stigma and discrimination though available to some extent have never been evaluated to determine thei
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1172)
Perez Casas C, Scouflaire SM, Ravinetto R, Pascual F, Mace C;;;; Medecins sans Frontieres, Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, Paris, France
Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) is an independent, international medical relief organization which since 2001 has established antiretroviral (ARV) treatment projects in 19 low- and middle-income countries and is treating over 10,000 patients in 42 projects. Procurement and supply management of ARVs may significantly dif
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1173)
Warwick Z;;;; St Stephen's AIDS Trust, London, United Kingdom
Increasing the uptake of HIV testing in countries of high prevalence remains a challenge. Various barriers to HIV testing have been identified including cost and accessibility of the test, fear of stigma and discrimination, concerns around confidentiality and lack of support following a positive diagnosis.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1174)
Matida LH, Gianna MC, Goncalves A, Tayra A, Succi RC, Hearst N;;;; Program of STD/AIDS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sao Paulo State has had the largest number of pediatric AIDS cases in Brazil . Since 1996, Sao Paulo (and Brazil nationally) has implemented an aggressive program to reduce perinatal transmission; we gathered available indicators to examine the program s impact. We obtained data on reported AIDS ca
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1175)
Lush L;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
HIV/AIDS programmes incorporate a complex set of interventions which require informed and evidence-based decisions to prioritize resource allocation. This study draws on political science to examine ways in which HIV researchers act through issue networks to influence the lens through which policy makers evalua
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1176)
Dulani J, Higgins A, Bery P, Mistry N;;;; Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, United States
Public and private sector leaders face complex issues in addressing the epidemic. Understanding how partnerships work, the extent to which prevention and treatment programs alter the epidemiology of the disease, and the potential future impacts of the epidemic are key to evaluating competing public health initi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1177)
Woratanarat T;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
On October 2003, Thai MoPH announced national policy to provide HAART up to 50,000 HIV infected patients and planned to scale up each year until all patients could get the drugs. This policy has been supported by Royal Thai Government budget and GFATM program. However, there was a pilot project of HAART provisi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1178)
Remien RH, Exner T, Ehrhardt AA, Kirshenbaum SB, Johnson MO, Weinhardt LS, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Morin SF, Kelly JA, Goldstein RB;;;; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies
There is concern about increased sexual risk associated with HAART and public health consequences of nonadherence and the risk for transmission of resistant virus. We examined sexual risk and medication adherence in a large and diverse sample of HIV+ adults. Methods: Cross-sectional self-report interviews (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1179)
Nyblade LC, Kidd R, Mathur S, Schneider A, Mbwambo J, Kidanu A, Bond V, Kilonzo G, Banteyerga H;;;; International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, United States
Research can initiate, shape and direct specific methods to reduce stigma. A 3-year (2001-2003), multi-country ( Ethiopia , Tanzania , Zambia ), community-based research-to-action study of the causes, contexts and experiences of HIV stigma. Structured text analysis of 730 qualitative t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1180)
Rutenberg N, Kalibala S, Baek C, Rosen J, Mulenga D;;;; Horizons/Population Council, Washington DC, United States
UNICEF and Population Council have published a practical guide for managers on scaling-up and improving programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The recommendations in the guide are based on successful strategies identified by program managers, an evaluation of pilot
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1194)
Joseph DL, Allen S, Roth D, Telfair J, Sams K; Projet San Francisco- Emory University School of Public Health, Kigali, Rwanda
Heterosexual couples are the largest risk group for HIV in Africa; greater than 60% of new infections are acquired from a spouse. Research shows that when husbands and wives receive couples VCT (CVCT) together, HIV incidence decreases by >50% per year. However, less than 1% of African couples have received
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1196)
Juma MA, McCauley AP, Geibel S, Kirumira E, Kakande N, Hitimana L, Lukenge D, Mukisa E;;;; Horizons Program/Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya
To increase youth satisfaction with VCT, programs must adjust services to appeal to young people. In Uganda , a stand-alone VCT center, AIDS Information Center (AIC), established a youth corner while a youth reproductive health (RH) service, Naguru Teenage Information and Health Center (NTIHC), added VCT to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1198)
Arnow PM, Auxila P, Guillaume FD, Dubuche G, Desmangles B, Pollock J;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Boston, United States
A key element of successful HIV/AIDS programs in developing countries is a network of facilities to provide voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) as a gateway to focused prevention and treatment. Establishing such a network requires centralized planning, coordination, and financial support. The facilities inco
Since 1995, a series of studies have been conducted (by SIDALAC and others) in order to determine the expense and the financing of AIDS prevention and care in the region. Two such studies have been conducted in Peru , in 1999 and in 2000. In the context of a study on alternatives for the implementation of a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1224)
Bryant M;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Boston, United States
Expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs on a large scale is taking place in many countries, mainly due to the reduction in the cost of drugs and the injection of significant funding from initiatives such as the Global Fund and the US President s Initiative. Although this expansion is tak
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1225)
Stover J, Begala J;;;; Futures Group, Glastonbury, CT, United States
Achieving the goals of UNGASS requires increasing the coverage of essential care services to at least 50% of those who need them and increasing the coverage of key prevention services to 50-80% of those who need them. This report presents results from 80 countries on the coverage of these key services in 20
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1226)
Innocent N, Munyakazi L, Donner J, Ruxin J, Schocken C, Ellis D, Sharffenberger G, Johnson P, Sundaram L;;;; Rwandan Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
Rwanda plans to increase the number of people on ARV treatment from 1,000 to 50,000 by 2005. This dramatic response requires a robust information system that meets the unprecedented challenges involved in rapid scale up of HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs, supports monitoring and evaluation and helps streng
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1227)
Martinson NA, Bakos D, Gray G, McIntyre J;;;; Johns Hopkins University and Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
There is little information on the costs of HIV care in resource poor settings where nurses provide most primary care. We report on actual costs of non-ARV HIV care provided by nurse practitioners supported by a doctor. Care included screening and preventive treatment for OIs, verbal screening and treatment
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrE1228)
Onoja A, Idoko J, Fola T, Sani-Gwarzo N;;;; Federal ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
The Federal Government of Nigeria embarked on implementing Africa s largest antiretroviral treatment in April 2001. The program provides treatment at 25 sites located in several cities in Nigeria at subsidized rates. Though each site is allocated a specified number of treatment slots, many centers exceeded thei
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4299)
Matovu Abubakar MR;;;; Jamii Ya Kupatanisha (JYAK), Masaka, Jyak, Kampala, Uganda
Given the status of the community leaders; chiefs their aides and community headmen and the respect accorded them by their communities an innovative decision was made to sensitise these cultural leaders before implementing a current running research project on HIV/ AIDS which involves voluntary counselling and t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4300)
Chen SS, Chan WE, Wang YL, Lin HH;;;; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
The long cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 Env plays crucial roles in virus replication. Determining whether the presence of an intact, full-length cytoplasmic tail is a prerequisite for Env function is fundamental to understanding the role of the cytoplasmic tail during the evolution of HIV-1. Methods: Viral infec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4301)
Zheng NN, Daniels RS;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Env gene glycoprotein products are essential to viral infectivity and important targets for host s humoral and cellular immune responses. We have previously reported the construction of C2, an effective env-gene cassetting system for assessing biological properties of HIV-1 subtype B env-gene glycoprotein p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4302)
Hattori T, Xiao P, Usami O, Ling H;;;; RID, International Medical Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
Inflammation causes accelerated HIV infection. Thrombin is one of the most active inflammatory factors. It has been implicated that serine proteases including thrombin can cleave V3 loop of gp120 on the most conserved tip of V3 loop (GPGRAF sequence). Therefore we evaluated if the proteases activate the env
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4303)
Madani G, Abdeyazdan Z;;;; Faculty of Nursing Isfahan university, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
Introduction: AIDS is a threatening disease, which is not so cared in our Society while it can involve teenagers. Although this is not as a serious Problem in schools now but it should be decided before it gets. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive analytic study on 175 female and male high school students stud
Introduction: This study measured nursing faculty members knowledge on prevention of AIDS. A total of sixty members in five nursing midwifery colleges were selected randomly. Methods: This is a descriptive study. The accessible population has been the faculty, holding Master of Science in nursing specialties (maternal-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4305)
Martin G, Roy J, Giguere JF, Belanger D, Petrin M, Tremblay MJ;;;; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHUL, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada
A wide range of host-derived molecules are incorporated in the envelope of HIV-1 and they were shown to either modify HIV-1 infectivity or initiate signaling events in T cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate if HIV-1 could incorporate both peptide-loaded class II MHC (MHC-II) and the co-stimulatory B7
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4306)
Mukasa DE;;;; Sir Albert Cook and Banda Clinic, Kampala, Uganda
In February 2003 twenty patients with a confirmed HIV infection were selected from a large group in Kampala which sample contained both adult males and females. They were chosen without regard to age race or social ties. Patients obviously having other diseases were not included. Before beginning the treatment the CD4+
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4307)
Karlsson I, Antonsson L, Shi Y, Oberg M, Karlsson A, Albert J, Olde B, Owman C, Jansson M, Fenyo EM;;;; MMDI, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Chimeric receptors, where successively larger parts of CCR5 have been systematically exchanged for CXCR4, have previously been shown to be fine instruments for detection of HIV-1 evolution within the CCR5-using phenotype (R5). Exclusive use of wild type CCR5 defined the R5narrow phenotype, whereas the abili
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4308)
Feng TJ, Wang XH, Chen L, Wang FS;;;; Shenzhen Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen, China
To analyse and investigate the genotypes and allelic frequencies of CCR5, CCR2b and SDF1 relevant to HIV-1 resistance in Chinese AIDS patients, and to study the association of them with AIDS disease progression. Methods: Genome DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 68 AIDS patients were amp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4309)
Bessong PO, Obi CL, Phoswa M, Cilliers T, Papathanasopoulos M, Morris L;;;; Department of Microbiology, University of Venda for Science and Technology, Thohoyandou, South Africa
The Limpopo province of South Africa , has experienced a dramatic rise in HIV prevalence. In studying the biological properties of viruses from this region, 14 HIV-1 subtype C primary isolates were screened for their preference for CCR5 or CXCR4, coreceptors which are required together with the CD4 receptor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4310)
Giguere JF, Tremblay MJ;;;; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHUL, Laval University, Ste-Foy (Qc), Canada
Impeding the attachment/entry of HIV in the target cell is presently attracting interest, as demonstrated by the development of a new fusion inhibitor, i.e. T 20. Many host factors play a role in the attachment process, such as membrane proteins acquired by HIV-1 during the budding of viral particles at the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4311)
Machado ES, Lambert JS, Schrago C, Afonso AO, Cunha SM, Oliveira RH, Soares MA;;;; Servico de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HUCFF, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Most HIV-1 infected children develop disease in the first years of life and median survival time is estimate to be around 8 years. In a cohort of 40 perinatally HIV-1 infected children diagnosed between 1999 and 2001, we found 6 patients (15%) older than 9 years of age (mean age: 11 years). The determinants
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4312)
Kasibotla K;;;; Institution, Hyderabad, India
In India the HIV/AIDS epidemic is now 15 years old, & emerged as one of the most serious public health problems in the country. The initial cases of HIV/AIDS were reported among commercial sex workers & injecting drug. The infection has since then spread rapidly in the country. As a part of the partners
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4313)
Mild M, Bjorndal A, Medstrand P, Fenyo EM;;;; Institute of Med. Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
HIV-1 is dependent on CD4 and chemokine co-receptors to infect cells. MultitropicHIV-1 isolates are composed of genetically related but distinct variants, so called quasi-species, and interact with various combinations of co-receptors. Dissecting the complex composition of virus populations and the underlyi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4314)
Moriuchi M, Moriuchi H;;;; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
Levels of CCR5 expression appear to be critical for infectability by R5 HIV-1 or rate of disease progression in infected individuals. However, molecular mechanisms regulating CCR5 expression have not been precisely clarified yet. Here we report a role of DBP (albumin D-element binding protein) in CCR5 promo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4315)
Modukanele M, Armstrong K, Ndung'u TP, Vladmir N, Sepako E, MacFrane M, Essex M;;;; Botswana Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C is now responsible for the majority of infections in the HIV/AIDS pandemic and is the predominant virus in Southern Africa. Although the reasons for the rapid spread of HIV-1 subtype C remain largely unclear, HIV-1 subtype C possesses unique genetic features tha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4316)
Mohabbat P;;;; Cathe Foundation Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
Preamble: Discrimination is at its peak in Pakistan where issue of HIV/AIDS and Sexual Reproductive rights are so stigmatized that PLWHA are facing a tough time. Pakistan being rigid and orthodox society with limited religious boundaries has very fixed social norms where sex and sex related issues are not discussed ope
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4317)
Sepako E, Ndung'u T, Gaseitsiwe S, Bedi K, Peter T, Kasipo C, Modukanele M, Essex M;;;; Botswana Harvard Aids Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
HIV-1C accounts for nearly 50% of all HIV/AIDS cases in the pandemic and is the predominant subtype in the heavily burdened region of southern Africa. Although the reasons for the rapid spread of HIV-1C remain largely unclear, the HIV-1C env gene possesses unique genetic features that have suggested importa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4318)
Rodriguez LR;;;; Provincial Center for the Promotion and Education for Health, PINAR DEL RIO, Cuba
Sex transmited infections are at present as the reasons of morbility inside the national epidemiological situation; they affect mainly the MSM population (Men who have Sex whit men) who are from 15 to 24 years old. Directly most of the cases diagnosed as persons living with HIV/AIDS is inside this group. Ob
The Nigeria media are not reporting the Islamic standpoint on HIV/AIDs pandemics. The implication is devastating,as Muslims constitute 60% of the nations population going by 1990 census. Discription: Given the rising advocacy against the HIV/AIDs pandemics by non-govermental organisations,government,health agen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4320)
Polonis VR, Darden JM, Tovanabutra S, Sittisombut N, Chantakulkij S, Oblander T, Brown BK, Carr JK, McCutchan FE, Birx DL, de Souza MS;;;; The Henry M. Jackson Fnd., Rockville, MD, United States
Several HIV-1 recombinants have become prevalent circulating forms, such as CRF 01_AE and the recently identified CRF 15_01/B. The goal of this study was to characterize the neutralizing antibody (NAb) profiles and biotypes of HIV-1 recombinant isolates from Thailand to assess the potential impact of these
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4321)
Reeves JD, Lee F, Miamidian JL, Juntilla M, Jabara C, Doms RW;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Dept of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Several antiviral agents that target different stages of HIV entry into cells are in clinical development, with the entry inhibitor enfuvirtide (ENF/T-20) having recently received FDA approval for use in the therapy of multiple-drug-experienced patients.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4323)
Shimizu N, Tanaka A, Oue A, Takebe Y, Hoshino H;;;; Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
Several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including chemokine receptors (CKRs) have been shown to act as coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV type 2 (HIV-2), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Two CKRs, CCR5 and CXCR4, are thought to play important roles as major corecept
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4324)
Miyazaki Y, Kuwata T, Ibuki K, Miura T, Hayami M;;;; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
N-linked carbohydrates on HIV-1 Env is considered to play a crucial role in viral replication and sensitivity to antibody-mediated neutralization. In addition, the sensitivities to neutralization were reported to be related to induction of neutralizing antibodies. We tried to elucidate the role of the carbo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4325)
Walker PR, Choge IA, Ketunuti M, Cilliers T, Meyers T, Holmes EC, Morris L;;;; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
HIV-1 in infants infected by mother to child transmission is characterised by a bimodal distribution of disease outcome, defined as either rapid progression to AIDS within three years of birth, or slow progression, surviving over eight years of HIV infection. Disease outcome has been associated with various
Early in HIV-1 infection viruses using CCR5 as coreceptor are the most common. However, with disease progression many infected individuals develop virus variants that use CXCR4. Thus, approximately 50% of HIV-1 infected never acquire CXCR4-using isolates but maintain the R5 viruses despite AIDS onset. Never
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4327)
Dhungana MD, Ross JR, Mills SM, Acharya LA, Tuladhar ST, Shrestha MS;;;; New ERA, Kathmandu, Nepal
Rapid growth of HIV in last few years felt a need to measure risk behaviours among sex workers in Far Western districts. This study is the first of this type for that area. Methods: The sites, localities and the size of FSW were identified during the reconnaissance visit. Using probability proportional to s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4328)
Marrima EJ;;;; AMODEFA ONG, MAPUTO, Mozambique
Mozambique is one of the most HIV infected countries in Africa. One of the factors that contributed to this situation was the delay of the Government response to it, the first case was identified in 1986 and the multisectoral response started 10 years later. This was also associated to myths and tabu at that ti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4329)
Wilcox A;;;; Fenway Community Health, Boston, United States
Recruiting for HIV Vaccine trials is a difficult challenge given limited resources, vast and diverse audiences, and complicated messaging. The attached Awareness and Recruitment marketing plan has been developed to most cost-effectively address these issues. It can be used as an example of how to educate and recruit in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4330)
Olson WC, Huang W, Franti M, Ketas TJ, Petropoulos CJ, Maddon PJ;;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown NY, United States
The HIV-1 replication cycle initiates when viral gp120 binds CD4, which is the primary receptor for HIV-1. PRO 542 (CD4-IgG2) is a third-generation, tetravalent CD4-immunoglobulin fusion protein that has demonstrated significant antiviral activity in Phase I/II clinical trials. This study examined the basel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4331)
Viveros-Rogel M, Soto-Ramirez L, Newburg DS, Ruiz-Palacios GM;;;; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
Sulfated glycolipids (SG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) present on the surface of colonic, vaginal epithelial and neuroglial cells bind to HIV gp120, suggesting that these glycoconjugates may have a role in HIV infection. Our objective was to test the ability of SG and GAG from human milk to inhibit HIV-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4332)
Franscisco MT;;;; University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Introduction: The object of this study is the life and health quality of the community s of Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , area of environmental preservation and Campus of UERJ. It is objectified to delineate the social and helath profile and for that community s health and to implement a partici
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4333)
Franscisco MT;;;; University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Introduction: Condering the studies of Van Den Broucke (1997) ande Francisci et al. (2002), the study was selected: the administration of projects in prevention STD/AIDS in the University. Objectives: To describe that experience, defining the managerial style and the resolution of the projects. Methods: The qti-qualita
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4334)
Awojide KK;;;; Alliance Right Nigeria, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Entry of HIV-1 into cells requires the binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), usually in association with CD4, to a chemokine receptor such as CCR5 or CXCR4. The physical interaction of Env with CCR5/CXCR4 has been difficult to study in detail with traditional cell surface binding assays. While direct Env bi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4335)
Bukrinskaya A, Stevenson M, Dauphin AB;;;; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
HIV-1 virions are produced as immature, noninfectious particles lacking a central core. Shortly after budding, virions temporally mature and acquire infectivity. However, we found that there is an early phase during which irreversibly noninfectious virions are produced. We compared the virion proteins, vira
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4336)
Mbaye PN;;;; Swaa, Thies, Senegal
Thies, a tourist region of 1,348635 inhabitants, is characterized by its geographic position. The prevalence rate of HIV in the region is 1,4% with male predominance (500 death cases caused by AIDS have been registered out o 5 500 new HIV infections detected through the national territory. According to the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4337)
Doherty RS, De Oliveira T, Seebregts C, Danaviah S, Gordon M, Cassol S;;;; HIV Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit Africa Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Online resources are available for protein information or HIV sequence data, but both aspects must be combined in order to answer important unresolved questions about HIV-1 pathogenesis, transmission, evolution and response to therapy. This is especially true of HIV, due to the extensive post-transcriptiona
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4338)
Herrera B, Robinson WE Jr;;;; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
The cytoskeleton is involved in cell cycle, motility and morphology as well as intracellular trafficking of macromolecules. After viral entry, the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transported to the nucleus as part of a large nucleoprotein complex, termed the reverse transcription complex
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4339)
Lopez-Galindez C, Iglesias-Sanchez MJ;;;; CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
Retrovirus are unique among viruses because they present two complete copies of the genomic RNA in each virion. It is believed that only one proviral DNA is formed from the two RNA copies in the virion. Methods: To check this hypothesis, we have constructed two deleterious HIV-1 variants in gag gene which u
Uncoating is an essential step in viral replication cycle. Little is known about the mechanism and requirement of the uncoating of HIV. This is mainly due to the lack of a reliable model for the study of uncoating process. Methods: We purified intact HIV-1 core particles by a spin-through technique, and mea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4342)
Alfano M, Sidenius N, Blasi F, Poli G;;;; AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT-Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
We have described that uPA, a ligand of uPAR (an independent predictor of HIV-1 disease progression in its soluble form present in plasma), inhibits virus replication in ex vivo cultures of lymphoid tissue and in the chronically HIV-1 infected promonocytic cell line U1. Since uPAR requires association with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4344)
Thomson MM, Sierra M, Colomo C, Bru F, Perez-Alvarez L, Najera R;;;; Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
HIV-1 proteins are encoded in unspliced and diverse singly and doubly spliced (ss and ds) mRNAs. Data on the expression of alternatively spliced HIV-1 transcripts in vivo are scarce. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from 25 PBMC samples from 16 HIV-1-infected individuals. Transcripts were amplified across s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4345)
Saadatmand J, Cen S, Kleiman L;;;; McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
The incorporation of Gag-Pol into extracellular particles requires the participation of Gag, since the expression of Gag-Pol alone does not readily generate such particles (21). The Gag interaction with Gag-Pol is clearly an important part of the retroviral life cycle since Gag-Pol carries essential enzymes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4346)
Cen S, Kleiman L;;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
During assembly of HIV-1, the major tRNALys isoacceptors tRNALys1,2 and tRNALys3, are selectively incorporated into the virus. tRNALys3 is annealed to the primer binding site (PBS), and used as the primer for initiating minus-strand cDNA synthesis. Methods: in vitro reverse transcription assay. Results: We
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4347)
Guo F, Kleiman L;;;; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Canada
Objectives: During the initial stages of assembly of HIV-1, a tRNALys packaging complex is formed whose components include genomic RNA, Gag, GagPol, tRNALys, and lysyl tRNA synthetase (LysRS). Gag is sufficient for the incorporation of LysRS into Gag viral-like particles, but GagPol is required for tRNALys incorporatio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4348)
Aubertin AM, Cluet D, Bertsch C, Beyer C, Gloeckler L, Gut JP, Galzi JL;;;; INSERM-ULP, Strasbourg, France
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein exerts several functions during the virus replication cycle, among them, CD4 down regulation is critical for virus infectivity, efficient replication and pathogenesis expression. Several steps of the CD4 endocytosis mediated by Nef have been described and the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4349)
Liang H;;;; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
Viral dynamic studies are important to understand pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and assess the potency of antiretroviral therapies. Many different viral dynamic models and methods for estimating viral dynamic parameters have been proposed and used in different studies. Methods: Based on a clinical study a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4350)
Pomerantz RJ, Sullivan J, Xu Y, Souder E, Hamer DH, Kulkosky J;;;; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
Introduction: The novel anti-tumor promoting phorbol ester, prostratin, was evaluated for its ability to induce the expression of latent, HAART-persistent HIV-1 from specific sub set of patients peripheral blood cells. Methods: These studies were performed relative to the use of other cellular activating agents, such a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4351)
Sharova N, Sharkey M, Stevenson M;;;; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
Although Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) is generally thought to assemble at the plasma membrane of infected cells, virions have been observed in intracellular compartments in macrophages. In macrophages, virus assembly occurs within cytoplasmic vesicles and leads to the accumulation of morphogenically matu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4352)
Hamano T, Sawanpanyalert P, Okamoto T, Hibi Y, Takahashi N, Yanai H, Hara T, Yamazaki S, Yamamoto N, Honda M, Matsuo K;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
We found that 15 HIV-1 seronegative but gag gene positive drug users (gag-pos) who showed high effector CD8+ T lymphocyte activity without detectable HIV-1 antibodies and viral load. Furthermore, the gag gene demonstrated unique sequence in which gag nucleotide position 75 (nt75) was different from common H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4353)
Cassol E, Page T, Mosam A, Dwyer E, Friedland G, Cassol S, Coovadia HM;;;; HIV Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
During antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 replication persists in CD14+CD16+ monocytes and CD4+CD45RO+ memory T-cells. Understanding the factors that enhance or suppress HIV-1 replication in these cellular reservoirs is fundamental to the design of more effective treatment strategies. Methods: Twelve HIV-1 infec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4354)
Pires A, Hardy GA, Gotch F, Gazzard B, Imami N;;;; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Establishment of a pool of latently HIV-1-infected cells during acute infection results in lifelong persistence of the virus, even in patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We quantified HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood samples from 42 HIV-1-infected subjects; 27 patients initiated non
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4355)
Martinez MA, Parera M, Ibanez A, Clotet B;;;; Fundacio irsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
The mechanisms involved in maintaining a latent replication-competent integrated HIV-1 reservoir after successful HAART have not been fully described. The objective of this study was to assess whether low level, persistent HIV-1 replication can be detected within the protease gene in 10 HIV-1 infected patie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4356)
Matsushita S, Kimura T, Shirai N, Koito A, Yoshimura K;;;; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Even in patients whose plasma viral load were undetectable for certain period of time by HAART, persistence of proviral DNA (pDNA) of HIV-1 in PBMCs has been reported. The persisting pDNA was mainly derived from a residual virus replicated in lymphoid organ. Using highly sensitive assay to detect pDNA and t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4357)
Schupbach J, Tomasik Z, Gunthard H, Battegay M, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Hirschel B;;;; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Stop of HAART is followed by a rapid rebound of HIV-1 RNA. It is unknown how p24 antigen, a viral marker which can be measured by an inexpensive but highly sensitive test, responds to treatment cessation. Methods: P24 was measured in 65 participants of a structured treatment interruption study, in whom afte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4358)
Naver L, Bohlin AB, Belfrage E, Casper C, Ehrnst A;;;; Department of Clinical Science, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
We investigated how infectious viral load in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) changed over time in perinatally HIV-1 infected and prospectively followed children, and how it related to quantitative HIV-1 RNA, coreceptor tropism and disease progression. Method: Virus culture of plasma and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4359)
Christo PP, Greco DB, Aleixo AV, Livramento JA;;;; Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Introduction: plasma HIV RNA levels reflect systemic viral replication but in CNS it may occur relatively independent of systemic infection, yet clinical application of CSF HIV-1 RNA levels is not clearly defined. to quantify CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in AIDS patients and the association between viral
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4361)
Goodenow MM, Rose SL, Sleasman JW;;;; University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
Subsets of CD4 T cells express CD45RA and CXCR4 or CD45RO and CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors. The study objective was to determine a temporal relationship between virus and host cells by using emergence of protease [PR] resistance as a genetic marker. Methods: Purified CD45RO or CD45RA CD4 T cells were isolated
To corroborate declining HIV trends using syphilis as a marker of common sexually transmissible infection. Uganda started to observe a decline in HIV infection/prevalence rates around 1996. Explanation for this event has taken several dimensions including the stage of maturity of HIV/AIDS epidemi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4363)
Mologni D, Zanone Poma B, Citterio P, Menzaghi B, Rusconi S, Galli M, Riva A;;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Milan, Italy
HIV-1 Vpr is a small soluble protein that is expressed late during viral replication. A higher frequency of R77Q Vpr mutation has been recently demonstrated: in Long Term Non Progressor (LTNPs) patients compared to patients with progressive disease. Methods: We have examined 14 LTNPs, 20 antiretroviral ther
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4364)
Sharkey ME, Stevenson M;;;; University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
In HIV infected individuals who respond well to antiretroviral therapy (HAART), durable suppression of virus replication can be achieved based on measurement of viral RNA in plasma. However, virus replication returns to pre-therapy levels quickly following interruption of HAART. Clearly, virus reservoirs are maintained
Introduction: HIV/AIDS prevalence in Nigeria continues to rise inspite of the concerted control efforts. In the fight against HIV/AIDS, groups with high risk behaviour for HIV/AIDS are main targets for behavioural change intervention. Such groups include sex workers, injection drug users, men having sex with men, long
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4366)
Papuashvili MN, Morozov VA, Shcherbakova TI;;;; Advanced Medical Researches, Kashirskoe shosse,21, Russian Federation
Generation of HIV-1 defective genomes (DG) is considered as side effect of reverse transcription and active virus replication. The impact of DG per se on pathogenesis is still obscure. HIV-1 DG might be engaged in recombination events with complete viruses, generation of chimeras and inducing autoimmune rea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4367)
Adje-Toure CA, Vidal N, Borget MY, Nolan M, Peeters M, Nkengasong JN;;;; Projet RETROCI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Continuous monitoring for HIV genetic diversity is critical for diagnostic and vaccine development. This study describes the presence of complex CRFs and inter CRF recombinants in Abidjan, where CRF02 is known to predominate. Methods: Between August 1998 and September 2002, we analyzed the Pol gene of 42 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4368)
Sa Ferreira JA, Brindeiro PA, Chequer-Fernandez S, Ferreira A, Tanuri A, Morgado M;;;; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz - Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
To study the genetic variability of HIV-1 with special attention to subtyping and resistance to antiretroviral drugs and its potential implication on reagent development and testing, plasma samples from recently seroconverted blood donors from different geographic regions of Brazil are being evaluate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4369)
Sanabani SS, Kleine WN, Sa-Filho Db DJ, Janini M, Sabino EC, Diaz RS;;;; Fundacao Pro-Sangue, Hemocentro de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: In Brazil , HIV-1 subtype B is the major circulating genetic form, however, small proportion of subtype F, C, B/F and B/C have consistently been reported. Identification of these subtypes was based on analysis of HIV-1 short amplicon rather than full-length genome sequencing, which may not be sufficient t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4370)
Salemi M, de Oliveira T, Soares MA, Pybus OG, Dumans AT, Tanuri A, Vandamme AM, Cassol S, Fitch WM;;;; University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
HIV, the cause of AIDS in humans, is characterized by great genetic heterogeneity. In particular, HIV-1 group M subtypes are responsible for most of the infections worldwide. It is hypothesized that characteristics such as a higher or lower transmissibility and/or fitness could explain the success or failur
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4371)
Meyerhans A, Bocharov G, Ford NJ, Edwards J, Heintel T, Wain-Hobson S;;;; Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Introduction: We have previously shown that the majority of HIV-1 infected cells in vivo harbour a varying number of DNA proviruses ranging from 1 to 8 copies per cell with a mean around 3 per cell (Jung et al., Nature 2002). Here we use a stochastic modelling approach to explore the effects of major microscopic parame
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4372)
Guimaraes ML, Teixeira SL, Chequer-Fernandez SL, Eyer-Silva W, Morgado MG;;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Department of Immunology, Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Many studies have been demonstrating that the recombination phenomenon is very commom in places where more than one subtype were found co-circulating. In Brazil , subtype B is the predominat HIV genetic form and HIV-1 subtype F is the second most prevalent subtype in Southeast region with aproximatelly 15%
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4373)
Khamadi SA, Lihana RW, Ochieng W, Lwembe R, Kiptoo MK, Kinyua J, Lagat N, Muriuki J, Mwangi J, Oishi I, Ichimura H, Mpoke S, Songok EM;;;; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Most molecular epidemiological studies of HIV in Kenya have been done in the central, western and coastal regions and areas bordering Uganda and Tanzania . In these regions, subtype A1 has been found to be dominant. No information exists about the situation of HIV-1 in northern Kenya, especiall
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4374)
Garcia S, Del Romero J, Rodriguez C, Hernando V, Bello G, Casado C, Sandonis V, Lopez-Galindez C;;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Servicio Madrileno Salud, Madrid, Spain
To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of two subsets of Long-Term Non Progresssor (LTNP) patients displaying ancestral or modern viral sequences. Methods: Among patients who were attended in a STD clinic in Madrid ( Spain ) to control of HIV-1 infection, 16 individuals were selected f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4375)
Holguin A, Alvarez A, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Evolution of gag cleavage sites (GCS) has been described following treatment with protease (PR) inhibitors. Patients and Methods: Plasma specimens from 122 individuals (81 naive and 41 pre-treated) carrying 7 different HIV-1 group M subtypes (A, B, C, F, G, H and J) were selected. Natural polymorphisms and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4376)
Flys TS, Eshleman SH, Hackett J Jr, Schumaker M, Jackson JB, Marlowe N;;;; Dept. of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
Sequence variation in the gag p6 region in subtype B HIV-1 has been associated with changes in viral replication capacity and antiretroviral drug susceptibility. We examined gag region sequence variation in diverse HIV-1 strains. Methods: The gag region (p1/p6) was sequenced using plasma samples from22 indi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4377)
de Oliveira T, Salminen M, Cassol S, Camacho R, Deforche K, Pavareskevis D, Seebregts C, Snoeck J, VanDamme AM;;;; HIV Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Rapid and easy genetic subtyping of HIV-1 isolates is critical to understanding genetic evolution, drug resistance, and the design of subtype-specific vaccines and antiretroviral drugs. To facilitate genetic analysis, we developed a bioinformatics tool that uses phylogenetic and bootscanning analyses to det
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4378)
Lamers SL, Salemi M, Beason S;;;; Gene Johnson Inc, St Augustine FL, United States
HIVbase™ is software designed exclusively to help HIV scientists process genetic data. Accurate HIV alignments are necessary to answer questions about viral diversity and evolution, however, because of viral variation, high-quality HIV alignments are difficult to achieve. Scientists can spend large amo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4379)
SaFilho DJ, Sanabani SS, Fusuma E, Brunstein A, Sabino EC, Munerato P, Diaz RS, Janini LM;;;; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
To characterize HIV-1 subtypes and intersubtype recombinant forms in the city of Sao Paulo Brazil . To analyze full-length sequences of HIV-1 B/F recombinants, with emphasis on recombination patterns and search for Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF). Design and methods: A 1.2kb pol fragment, corresponding to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4380)
Allen TM, O'Sullivan K, Kalife E, Johnston M, Rosenberg E, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Charlestown, United States
Our current understanding of CD8 escape in HIV-1 is derived largely from single epitope studies and more comprehensive work in the SIV-infected macaque model. Therefore, the full extent to which viral escape occurs in HIV-1 infection and impacts CD8+ T cell responses remains unclear. Methods: Here we monito
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4381)
Bonneau KR, Diaz LS, Relman DA, Levy JA;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Acute HIV-1 infection typically leads to the early predominance of nonsyncytia-inducing (NSI) isolates that utilize the CCR5 coreceptor for cell entry. In 50% of cases, AIDS progression correlates with emergence of syncytia-inducing (SI) variants utilizing the CXCR4 coreceptor. Mechanisms by which SI variant
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4382)
Solomon A, Gorry P, Hoy J, Lewin SR;;;; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
To determine the relationship between the emergence of X4 viral genotype, HIV quasispecies diversity and immunological outcome in HIV-infected individuals who are persistently viremic on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Plasma from HIV-infected individuals who were persistently viremic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4383)
Sanabani SS, Kleine WN, Diaz RS, Sabino EC;;;; Fundacao Pro-Sangue, Hemocentro de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: Although the current AIDS epidemic is caused by subtype C and expected to contribute significantly to the global pandemic, only 3 near full-length HIV-1 Brazilian subtype C have been reported. The current study was focused to characterize HIV-1 subtype C variants prevalent in the country by sequencing the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4384)
Simon F, Gueudin M, De Oliveira F, Damond F, Plantier JC;;;; Hospital/University, Rouen, France
HIV-2 is divided into seven subtypes (A-G). Only subtypes A and B are prevalent. The large genetic distances between subtypes may lead to different biological characteristics. Due to the failure of HIV-2 serotyping, molecular studies are needed to monitor dynamics and changes in the distribution of these tw
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4385)
Simon F, Plantier JC, Lemee V, Damond F, Gueudin M, Recordon P, Masquelier B, Fleury H;;;; Hospital/University, Rouen, France
Current tools for rapid HIV-1 genotyping allow analysis of a limited number of samples, subtypes and genes. We have developed a molecular method based on the hybridization of amplified DNA or RNA with subtype-specific probes. The goal was to develop a rapid screening test in gag and env genes for subtypes A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4386)
Tapia N, Parera M, Clotet B, Domingo E, Martinez MA;;;; Fundacio irsiCaixa (Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol), Badalona, Spain
The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of a new antiviral strategy based on increasing the HIV mutation rate above a threshold beyond which the viral population cannot be sustained because of a loss of viral replication capacity and infectivity. Methods: HIV-1 sequential passages in tiss
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4387)
Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Sumonwiriya M, Kamkorn J, Boonrod K, Kengsakul K, Nakhapongse S, Chalermpolprapa V, Matanasaravoot W, Barin F;;;; Harvard School of Public Health/IRD054/Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Two genetic subtypes of HIV-1 are currently circulating in Thailand , HIV subtype B and the recombinant form CRF01_AE. CRF01_AE is essentially responsible for the HIV-1 epidemic in Southeast Asia and is thought to derive from a recombinant lineage of subtype A (HIV-1A) and subtype E, with multiple breakpoin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4388)
Njoku OM, Duhlinska DD, Edubio-Petzkedoko AI, Rokkos C, Idoko JA, Kuecherer C, Pauli G;;;; AIDS Research, Department of Zoology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Of the >70% HIV infections and AIDS incidence in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria alone is home to every 2 of 10 HIV/AIDS cases. Many data exist on the divergence and distribution of HIV-1 in this region, though not on the biologic phenotype correlates where desirable data is still scanty on Nigerian HIV-1 strai
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4389)
Choge IA, Walker PR, Papathanasopoulos MA, Meyers T, Morris L;;;; AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
The V1/V2 region is a major target of HIV-1 specific neutralizing antibodies and as a result shows extensive genetic variation. Individuals with delayed disease progression generally have more potent neutralizing antibodies and would be expected to have more diverse V1/V2 sequences. This study investigates
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4390)
Ripamonti C, Leitner T, Plebani A, Scarlatti G;;;; Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
The patterns of disease progression differ among HIV-1 infected children born to seropositive mothers. Besides timing of transmission, viral and immunologic factors were also suggested to play a role in disease progression. To better outline the role of neutralizing antibody (NAb) we studied two siblings with different
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4391)
Huang D, Ouma A, Tolzmann C, Bremer J;;;; Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
The sequences of two strains, BCF-Dioum and BCF-Kita originating from the DRC and donated by F. Brun-Vezinet ( France ) to the NED panel, were characterized further. The isolates were identified as subtypes G and H respectively by heteroduplex analysis prior to donation. Our previous sequence analysis of th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4392)
Chuenchitra T, Sutthent R, Wasi C, Polonis V, Louisirirotchanakul S, de Souza M, Brown A, Birx D, Nitayaphan S;;;; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
To understand the relationship between disease progression and amino acid variations of envelope region of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE and to determine whether sequence changes on env due to selective immune pressure. Methods: We obtained and analyzed sequences of the V1-V5 region of the HIV-1 env gene from nine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeA4393)
Resik S, Ping L, Barrios J, Kouri V, Garcia S, Hoffman N, Pagan M, Joanes J, Perez J, Swanstron R;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, La Habana, Cuba
One important area of research in understanding the HIV-1 epidemic is in characterizing the natural history of the virus in the human population. Following virus evolution over time within an individual and determining the effects of transmission events on the nature of virus evolution are central component
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4394)
Cooper ER, DiMauro S, Sullivan M, Jones-Eaves D, Kay L, Moloney C, Regan AM;;;; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases
There is concern that prenatal exposure to maternal nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) may be toxic to the mitochondria of newborns. We report one infant with severe mitochondrial dysfunction after exposure to maternal NRTI s. This was the first pregnancy for a 28 year old HIV-infec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4395)
Funk MB, Elanjikal Z, Notheis G, Linde R, Koenigs C, Wintergerst U, Kreuz W;;;; University Children's Hospital, Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
In an intent-to-treat study reduction of viral load, increase of CD4 cell count, clinical benefit and adverse reactions were examined in HIV-infected previously untreated children receiving first line therapy with efavirenz (EFV). Methods: The data of 10 perinatally infected children (median age: 5,8 years)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4396)
Brogly S, McIntosh K, Williams P, Oleske J, Seage G;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
The objective of this study was to describe the clinical treatment of pediatric HIV in the US from 1987 to 2003, in relation to scientific evidence and the ensuing treatment guidelines. Methods: The study population included 789 perinatally infected children in the PACTG 219C cohort who had not participated
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4397)
Cotton MF, Haile F, Howard J, Muller C, Bouic P, Cotton MF, Cotton MF, Rabie H;;;; Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
CD4+ T cell apoptosis immediately ex vivo is elevated in HIV-infected children and correlates with CD4+ T cell depletion and disease progression. Aim: To determine if CD4+ T cell apoptosis might give information about antiretroviral (ARV) efficacy. Methods: Children were selected for triple ARV therapy cons
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4398)
Ponnet MG, Frederix K, Wilson D, Petdachai W, Ounjit N, Zachariah R;;;; Medecins sans Frontieres-Belgium, Bangkok, Thailand
From July 1999 to June 2003 85 HIV-positive children were placed on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) in different settings in Thailand . The implementation of HAART was challenged by problems in communicating with children about their disease as well as in ensuring adherence to their regimen. Desc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4399)
Wells CJ, Sharland M, Smith CJ, Du Mont G, Ball CS, Riordan FA, Underhill HC;;;; Pharmacy Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Data are presented from children who continued AZT / 3TC /ABC after the recommendation, in adults, to use this combination only in special situations due to lack of potency. Concerns about toxicity & tolerability of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4400)
Machado DM, Sumita L, Pannuti CS, Succi RC, de Moraes-Pinto MI, Gouvea AB, Souza VA;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical and Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) appears to be transmitted mainly by sexual contact. Otherwise, studies suggest that in developing countries the infection may be acquired early in life through routes other than sexual transmisssion. To assess the seroprevalence of HHV-8 in Brazilian children born to H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4401)
Grossman Z, Averbuch D, Schapiro JM, Engelhard D, Gradstein S, Gottesman G, Kedem E, Einhorn M, Grisaro-Soen G, Ofir M, Rudich H, Mileguir F, Mendelson E, Ram D;;;; Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
Data on resistance patterns of subtype C HIV-I and their relationship to treatment regimens in children is limited. Differences among subtypes may result in the selection of different mutations. Methods: 136 genotypic sequencing, clinical and immunological evaluations were done in 59 children (6 mo - 18 yrs
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4402)
Ananworanich J, Apateerapong W, Siripong A, Chuamchaitrakool A, Cheunyam T, Thisyakorn U, Ruxrungtham K, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Pancharoen C;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
We estimate that at least 10,000 Thai children are in need of ARV. Since October 2003, the Thai MOPH has expanded the PATC program to all children. We explore the uptake of children into the PATC program and their characteristics at our tertiary care center. Methods: HIV-NAT/Chulalongkorn pediatric Infectio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4403)
Ananworanich J, Apateerapong W, Siripong A, Siangphoe U, Ubolyam S, Thisyakorn U, Ruxrungtham K, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Pancharoen C;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
NNRTI-based HAART is the most affordable and available regimen in Thailand . However, there is very little data on outcome especially virological treatment response in Thai children. Methods: Two cohorts of children followed at HIV-NAT in separate studies were included (n = 32). Baseline characteristics wer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4404)
Sirisanthana V, Puthanakit T, Oberdorfer A, Akaratham N, Sirisanthana T;;;; Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Latent HIV-related infection could be unmasked after initiation of HAART due to restoration of immune response, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome;IRIS. To describe the clinical manifestations of IRIS in HIV-infected children. Methods: The prospective observational study of HIV-infected children wi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4405)
Petdachai W, Estur A, Koen F, Wilson D;;;; Prachomklao Hospital, Petchburi, Thailand
HIV-infected children in Thailand have limited access to care and treatment. A replicable model for providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) within hospitals is required to provide holistic care to these children. We describe our experience with initiating such an approach in a provincial hospital in Thailand
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4406)
Puthanakit T, Louthrenoo O, Sirisanthana V;;;; Department of Pediatrics. Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
With advances in medical treatment, HIV-infected children in Thailand are more likely to survive into their school-aged years and adolescence. The psychosocial aspect is an essential part of a comprehensive medical program. Our objective was to assess psychosocial functioning including emotional, behavioral
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4407)
Desai N, Mathur M, Mehta N, Mullen P;;;; Kings County Hospital and SUNY Downstate Univ. Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
With the increased experience of treating perinatally infected children with long term HAART, has come improved survival and increasing need for recognizing side effects of the medications. Metabolic toxicities reported in the adult literature and occasional reports in children include hyperlactatemia, oste
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4408)
Apateerapong W, Pancharoen C, Eggermont L, Koekkoek S, Chuamchaitrakool A, Cheunyam T, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
In our pediatric population, only 2% of caregivers tell their children of his/her HIV status. We explore the attitudes of caregivers towards HIV disclosure. Methods: Between October to December 2003, caregivers that have not disclosed HIV diagnosis to their children were recruited and asked to complete a qu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4409)
McKellar M, Snider C, Bakeera Kitaka S, Mwebaze Songa P, Musoke P, Pavia A, Ronald A, Sande M;;;; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
HIV among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa has not been well studied. We collected data on 138 patients between the ages of 10 - 19 cared for at the Pediatric and Adult Infectious Diseases Clinics at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda . Methods: Data were abstracted from the charts, including demographics,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4410)
Mofenson LM, Harris DR, Bethel J, Moye J, Read JS, Korelitz J, Meyer W;;;; NICHD/NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
In many resource-poor settings, CD4 assays are not available; alternative low technology assays for predicting risk of progression and need for ART are needed. We previously showed the predictive value of alternative assays for risk of death in HIV-infected children (Lancet 2003;362:1625); we now evaluate t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4411)
Rhoads MP, Smith C, Tudor-Williams G, Kyd P, Walters S, Sabin C, Lyall EG;;;; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Treatment for HIV is extending survival into adulthood which raises concerns about long-term effects of metabolic changes in childhood. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study of the significance, extent and frequency of raised metabolites in pediatric HIV patients before and on CART from Jan 20
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4412)
Eley BS, Nuttall J, Davis MA, Smith L, Cowburn C, Buys H, Fakir T, Hussey GD;;;; Red Cross Children's Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
During August 2002 an ARV programme was started for public sector patients at Red Cross Children s Hospital, a tertiary referral centre. Funds were raised to treat 120-150 children and/or their parents for 1-2 years. This study describes our initial experience. Methods: Children were selected using modified
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4413)
Koekkoek S, Eggermont LH, De Sonneville LM, Jupimai T, Apateerapong W, Wicharuk S, Chomchey N, Panchareon C, Cooper DA, Lange JM, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J;;;; The International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Centre (IATEC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
CNS dysfunction has been documented in symptomatic HIV-infected children. One of the manifestations includes deficits in various domains of cognitive function. The results of studies on the success of HAART in preventing neuropsychological decline have been mixed. This study is the first in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4414)
Nuttall J, Eley B, Davies M, Smith L, Buys H, Cowburn C, Jansen D, Hussey G;;;; Red Cross Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
One-hundred-and-twenty-two children were enrolled onto an antiretroviral treatment programme between August 2002 and December 2003 at Red Cross Children s Hospital in Cape Town. The objective of this study was to document serious medical events including death, hospital admissions and immunological reconsti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4416)
Munoz-Fernandez MA, Galan I, De Jose MI, Navarro ML, Ramos JT, Mellado MJ, Cabrero E, Jimenez JL, Gonzalez-Rivera M, Gurbindo MD, Bellon JM, Resino R;;;; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
To investigate the effects of salvage therapy with lopinavir- ritonavir on HIV-1 phenotype in heavily antiretroviral experienced HIV- infected children. Methods: Twenty antiretroviral experienced HIV-infected children were studied during a mean of time of 16.1 months from initiation of the treatment with lo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4417)
Oberdorfer A, Akarathum N, Charnsil C, Louthrenoo O, Tangsongsakkul T, Puthanakit T, Sirisanthana V, Sirisanthana T;;;; Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
With the availability of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), more HIV-infected children have lived longer. Many children are at the age at which they should be informed of their HIV infection. However, no information regarding disclosure patterns of HIV/AIDS status among Thai children has been re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4418)
Wicharuk S, Jupimai T, Siangphoe U, Pancharoen C, Apateerapong W, Chomchey N, Koekkoek S, Eggermont L, Samor T, Cheunyam T, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Caregivers of children with HIV infection likely have high stress level. We explore the social support, stress level and ability to cope of caregivers. Methods: Between April to July 2003, caregivers of children with HIV infection who are followed in our tertiary care clinic were recruited and asked to comp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4419)
Hainaut M, Ducarme M, Temmerman S, Verscheure V, Goetghebuer T, Peltier CA, Schandene L, Mascart F, Levy J;;;; Dept. of Pediatrics/CHU Saint-Pierre/ULB, Brussels, Belgium
As eradication of HIV from infected people seems hopeless, host control of viremia by an effective immune response is a hopeful strategy to avoid continuous drug therapy. To characterize why HIV infection progress more slowly in some patients is therefore capital. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Lymphoproli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4420)
Musa-Aisien AS, Anabwani GM, Kostova E, Kurup S, Motsamai AO, Schwarzwald H, Yarosh O, Jibril HB, Woldetsadik EA;;;; Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Center of Excellence/Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
Majority of paediatric HIV/AIDS patients seen in Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) Gaborone are vertically infected. Usually one or both parents are infected and only the mother is aware of the problem because disclosure is difficult. Nondisclosure compromises adherence and weakens intra-family support and care. P
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4421)
Woldetsadik EA, Anabwani GM, Bowman D, Evans DL, Kostova E, Kurup S, Motlhobogwa S, Motsamai OA, Musa-Aisien AS, Schwarzwald H, Yarosh O, Jibril HB;;;; Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Center of Excellence/Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
Whereas highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has become the standard of care for HIV infected children, there is limited data on ADR in African children. We report on ADR among Batswana children receiving HAART. Methods: Records of the first 110 treatment naive children who had received HAART for at
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4422)
Peres CA, Pimentel S, Galano E, da Silva MH, Paiva V, Hearst N;;;; Sao Paulo State STD/AIDS Program, Sao Paulo - S.P, Brazil
Issues As children born with HIV reach adolescence, they face challenges including: treatment adherence, establishing autonomy, low self esteem relative to peers, initiating sexual activity including whether to disclose HIV status, and establishing goals for adult life. Description We explored these issues in the conte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4423)
Moultrie HJ, Meyers TM;;;; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Background Although in the pipeline, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is currently not provided by the government in South Africa . Few children access ART with the result that limited data available on the use of ART in this paediatric population. Method: We performed a retrospective study of HIV-infected children whose c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4424)
Doerholt K, Walker S, Sharland M, Riordan A, Novelli V, Tookey P, Cole T, Gibb DM;;;; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
Growth impairment is common in HIV infected children, but little is known about long-term effects of HAART on growth. Methods: CHIPS is a cohort of HIV infected children followed up since 1996 in 18 centres. Serial height and BMI data were converted to z-scores using the UK revised reference data. The assoc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4425)
Meyers TM, Moultrie HJ;;;; Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) is unavailable to most HIV-infected patients in South Africa . Accessing ART for patients attending public service hospitals is difficult, although roll-out of ART by government will change this. Very little expertise exists to provide ART to most HIV-infected adults and children
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4426)
Yarosh O, Anabwani GM, Bowman D, Evans DL, Kostova E, Kurup S, Motsamai OA, Musa-Aisien AS, Schwarzwald H, Woldetsadik EA, Jibril HB;;;; Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Center of Excellence/Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
Botswana , with highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the world, was the first country in Africa to start a National ARV Program. As Botswana had little experience providing ARV therapy for infected children, we faced many challenges: logistical, socio-economic, cultural and linguistic that affected screening, init
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4427)
Anaky MF, Laguide R, Kouakoussui KA, Wemin ML, Fassinou P, Rouet F, Msellati P;;;; Projet enfant PACCI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
to describe natural history of untreated HIV-infected children and clinical and biological impact of HAART among treated HIV-infected children. Methods: Observational cohort. At baseline and quaterly, clinical evaluation. All health-related events were registred. All children under 25% of CD4 received cotrim
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4428)
Meyers TM, Moultrie HJ, Mtshizana S, Gous H;;;; Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
With the imminent roll-out of ART in South Africa , non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) will be used in first-line regimens. There is little published data regarding efficacy or tolerability of efavirenz when used in protease inhibitor sparing regimens in children. Methods: Funds were r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4429)
Donaghy S, Waugh S;;;; St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved the morbidity and mortality of children with HIV but there are many complex issues that may affect adherence. Over 80% of children with HIV in the UK are on ART and good levels of adherence are necessary to achieve virological control. In order to ac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4430)
Sansom S, Anderson J, Sukalac T, Bertolli J, Dominguez K, Consortium PS;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Current measures of health care required by children infected perinatally with HIV are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of prevention programs. Assessing health care utilization over time demonstrates the impact of new therapies. Methods: The Pediatric Spectrum of Disease (PSD) study collects longitu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4431)
Violari A, Wiznia A, Ndiweni D, Saez-Llorens X, Cashat M, Chittick G, Hinkle J, Adda N;;;; Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, Bronx, NY, United States
Emtricitabine is a newly approved QD NRTI for the treatment of HIV infection in adults. Emtricitabine has potent activity against HIV and HBV. In children, a 6-mg/kg QD dose produces plasma AUC values comparable to adults receiving 200 mg QD. An open-label, non-randomized Phase II study to obtain long-term
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4432)
Schmalb MB, Pedroso N, Cabral A;;;; Bahia State Aids Referral Center, Salvador, Brazil
In Bahia, Brazil , there are about 500 children/adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. We have seen among this population some problems related to HIV/AIDS, as well as some barriers to compliance to ARV therapy: parents/relatives dependence, misunderstanding of the disease and the need to be treated, besides the own
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4433)
Dominguez K, Bohannon B, Earp MJ, Rakusan T, Melville S, Ortiz I, Hsu HW, Frederick T, Peters V, Fowler MG, Weidle P, Greenberg A, Consortium PS;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
The use of antiretroviral (ARV) resistance tests (RTs) with HIV RNA viral load tests (VL) and CD4 counts have proven to be beneficial in the clinical management of HIV-infected adults. As of September 23, 2003, U. S. pediatric ARV guidelines have recommend the use of RTs in children on failing ARV regimens
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4434)
Bhattacharyya S;;;; Calcutta Medical College, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
Pediatric HIV is rapidly progressive than adult HIV infection. Antiretroviral drugs are costly and thus are beyond the reach of the families of HIV positive children. In this study some non-retroviral strategies were tried for the prolongation of survival of HIV positive children. Method: Sixty-five HIV pos
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4435)
Pavia-Ruz N, Munoz-Hernandez MR, Ortega-Juarez M, Tovar-Larrea P, Jarillo-Quijada D, Alpuche-Aranda C, Santos-Preciado JI;;;; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico-Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
Lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS), commonly reported in adults infected with HIV has been linked to the use of antiretroviral agents. LDS is characterized by a variety of physical and/or metabolic abnormalities. Few data exist for HIV-infected children. To assess the frequency and features of lipodystrophy and hy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4436)
Munoz-Fernandez MA, Resino S, Bellon JM, Galan I, Ramos JT, Gozalez-Rivera M, De Jose MI, Gonzalez MI, Gurbindo MD, Mellado MJ, Cabrero E;;;; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
Lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r) has demonstrated antiviral activity in the HIV-infected patient. The objetive is to analyze virologic response to LPV/r therapy in previously protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced HIV-1-infected children. Methods: Sixty-seven HIV-1-children on LPV/r were studied in a multicenter p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4437)
Dzwonek AB, Cole T, Novelli V, Lawson M;;;; Institute of Child Health/ University College London, London, United Kingdom
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) slows the progression of HIV disease and lowers mortality and morbidity. Many adult reports have described the lipodystrophy syndrome, peripheral fat wasting (atrophy), central fat accumulation and/ or metabolic abnormalities. Few data are available concerning li
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4438)
Myung PD, Tucker J, Harwell J, Lurie M, Pugatch D;;;; Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is becoming available for treatment of HIV infected children in some resource-limited settings. We analyzed the effect of HAART, given by twice daily directly observed treatment (DOT), on CD4 percentage in Cambodian HIV-infected children cared for by Maryknoll Ca
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4439)
Abrams EJ, El-Sadr WM, Rabkin M, Berkman A, Hoos D, Myer L, Day J, Hardy T, Rosenfield A;;;; MTCT-Plus Initiative at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States
Development of programs that provide HIV care for HIV-infected persons in less developed countries (LDC) is a key global priority. However, few programs have addressed the needs of infants and children. Methods: The MTCT-Plus Initiative established 12 programs in 8 African countries & in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4440)
Miller A, Romberg C, Stewart A, Nadew K, Ziegler JB, Palasanthiran P, Hughes C;;;; Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Children infected or affected by HIV often have many complex needs. These may include matters surrounding grief and bereavement; treatment issues; stigma and discrimination; poor health; secrecy. It has become evident that many of these children have also been the subject of child protection matters. Descriptio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4441)
Jugulete G, Mardarescu M, Petrea S, Dragan MI, Luminos ML;;;; Infectious Diseases Institute 'Matei Bals', Bucharest, Romania
There are 5043 HIV-infected children registered on Romaine Public Health Ministry. In our clinic we have registered than 700 HIV - infected children, 90% are treated antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Approximate 80% from HIV-infected children; have been treated with three antiretroviral drugs (HAART). Objective
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4442)
Gibb DM, Melvin A, Compagnucci A, McKinney R, Tudor-Williams G, Walker AS, Harper L, Hodge J, Powell C, Green H, Saidi Y, Ortiz AA, Toye M, Girard S, Mofenson L, Giaquinto C, Hughes M;;;; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
The reasons for using PI versus NNRTI based regimens first-line are likely to differ between children and adults: optimal viral load criteria for switching therapy have also not yet been determined. Methods: PENPACT 1 (PENTA 9/PACTG 390) is the first collaborative randomized trial conducted by the PACTG and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4443)
Nyandiko-Mokaya W, Ayaya S, Nabakwe E, Mamlin J;;;; Moi University/MTRH, Eldoret, Kenya
Kenya is moving from the era focused almost exclusively on HIV prevention and education to the use of HAART for HIV/AIDS. We approach this with the advantage of having a predominantly ARV-naive pediatric population. However there are limited providers and few care systems with the training or experience in carr
The efficacy and safety of nevirapine ( NVP ) in severely immune compromised children is poorly documented. Health care professionals in Thailand often tend to choose
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4446)
Chearskul P, Chokephaibulkit K, Chearskul S, Phongsamart W, Plipat N, Lapphra K, Vanprapar N;;;; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
HAART is only recently available for children in Thailand . The experiences in developed countries found that children may not response to HAART as well as adult. It is important to evaluate the response to HAART in the resource-limited setting. Methods: An operational prospective study has been performed i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4447)
Swaminathan S, Kanthimathinathan HK, Subramaniyam S, Ravisekar CV;;;; Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Chennai, India
Total lymphocyte count (TLC) has been proposed as an alternative to CD4 counts in resource-constrained settings. However, most reported studies are in adults and its utility in pediatric age group has not been documented. Our aim was to study the sensitivity and specificity of this approach in classifying H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4448)
Madhi SA, Kayhty H, Kuwanda L, Holm A, Klugman KP;;;; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
The immunogenicity of an effective vaccine (PncCV) for children against Streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated. Methods: 66 HIV+ (none of who received anti-retroviral therapy) and 127 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) children were randomized to receive PncCV or placebo at a mean age (S. D.) of 1.56 (0.30)months, 2.63
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4449)
Phongsamart W, Chearskul P, Lapphra K, Plipat N, Chearskul S, Vanprapar N, Chokephaibulkit K;;;; Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
The Thai Government Pharmaceutical Organization produced a fixed drug combination of 30 mg stavudine , 150 mg lamivudine and 200 mg nevirapine , GPO-VIR™ S30, at the cost of [dollar]30 US per month for HIV-infected adults.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4450)
Madhi SA, Kayhty H, Kuwanda L, Holm A, Klugman KP;;;; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
We aimed to determine the immunogenicity and long-term effectiveness of HibCV, in the absence of a booster dose of HibCV or anti-retroviral therapy, in HIV+ children. Methods: The quantitative and qualitative (using an avidity assay) antibody responses to HibCV (HibTiter™) administered at approximately
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4451)
Sirinavin S, Atamasirikul K, Thititanyanont A, Thakkinstian A, Kunanusont C, Chantaratit V;;;; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
There is scant information from developing countries about prognostic factors and long-term survival of HIV-1-infected children. This report presents an experience from Thailand during a 15-year period. Setting: A university hospital in Bangkok. Methods: All vertically HIV-1-infected children, having first
Since June 2001, Surin provincial Hospital in collaboration with Medecins Sans Frontieres France have been providing Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) for more than 700 patients. We retrospectively studied the outcome of 71 HIV infected children receiving ART. Method: Chart review of 71 patients, 32 male, 39 fe
With over 2.3 million orphans in population of 23 million, Uganda s extended family network is over-burdened. Children orphaned by AIDS head households, live on the streets, exist with no medical care and minimal nutrition, and endure the stigmatization and abuse that comes with living with AIDS in sub-Saharan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4454)
Cavalieri E, Succi RC, Costa LJ, Diaz RS, Machado DM;;;; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Differences in rates of disease progression to AIDS may occur due to host characteristics, characteristic of virus, or their interactions. Some of virus or host characteristics related to disease progression may eventually be also involved with antiretroviral (ARV) therapeutic response. Among viral factors
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4455)
McNally LM, Jeena PM, Thula SA, Adhikari M, Sturm AW, Gajee K, Pillay L, Smith A, Cassol S, Bishop K, Coovadia HM, Goldblatt D, Tomkins AM;;;; Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
Respiratory Infections are the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected African children. Determining the aetiological agent and thus optimising treatment is difficult. We report on our experience using Non-Bronchoscopic Alveolar Lavage (NBBAL) in a study to determine the aetiology of HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4456)
Larru B, de Jose MI, Bellon JM, Gurbindo D, Leon JA, Ciria L, Ramos JT, Pocheville I, Mellado MJ, Munoz MA;;;; Hospital Infantil La Paz, Madrid, Spain
To study the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in a cohort of Spanish HIV-infected children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 78 perinatally HIV-infected infants. They were divided into 4 groups: 1) Treatment with NRTIs, 2) NRTIs and NNRTIs, 3) NRTIs and IP, 4) NRTIs, NNRTIs a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4457)
McNally LM, Jeena PM, Thula SA, Gajee K, Sturm AW, Smith A, Bishop K, Cassol S, Goldblatt D, Tomkins AM, Coovadia HM;;;; Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
Acute Respiratory Infections are the most common cause of both admission and death in HIV infected African children. The WHO treatment regimens for severe pneumonia were devised before the HIV pandemic. There has been some limited evidence that the uninfected children of HIV infected mothers are also at inc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4458)
Jeena PM, McNally LM, Stobie M, Coovadia HM, Adhikari MA, Petros AJ;;;; Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
World-wide, 2.8 million children are living with HIV/AIDS. Over 90% live in Sub-Saharan Africa where resources and healthcare are most limited. The demands on Paediatric Intensive Care Units are potentially overwhelming. In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa we face daily the ethical dilemma of who to ventilate in an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4459)
Sanchez-Conde M, Soriano V, Gonzalez-Lahoz J;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Treatment with stavudine ( d4T ) has been associated with lipoatrophy and hyperlactatemia. These effects might be dose-dependent and therefore reductions in d4T dose may ameliorate these side effects. However, it is unclear whether this strategy may be ass
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4460)
Callens S, Van Rie A, Kitetele F, Vaz LM, Vanderfaeillie A, Behets F;;;; UNC-DRC, Kinshasa, Congo, the Democratic Republic of fhe
There is insufficient knowledge of the appropriate treatment strategies for perinatally-infected children in resource-poor settings. The focus in pediatric HIV infection in these settings has been placed so far on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. In order to implement an antiretrovira
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4461)
Humblet P, Calmy A, Pinoges L, Ahoua L, Cirera A, Pascual F, Szumilin E, Torres V, Zachariah R, Ferradini L;;;; AIDS Working Group, on behalf of Medecins Sans Frontieres International, Belgium
There is limited experience in offering Highly Active Anti-retroviral Treatment (HAART) to children in resource-poor settings. The difficulty in giving HAART to children in such conditions is partly due to the lack of appropriate drug formulations. We present data from 13 MSF programmes offering HAART to ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4462)
Pahwa R, McCloskey T, Aroniadis O, Pahwa S;;;; North Shore-LIJ Res Institute, Manhasset, United States
Impaired T cell function and increased turnover occur in HIV infection but the homeostatic proliferative response is unknown. We explored the cytokine induced lymphocyte cell division capability in HIV-infected pediatric patients. Method: 21 pediatric patients with chronic HIV infection (viral load
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4463)
Carter R, Wiener J, Abrams EJ, Farley J, Nesheim S, Palumbo P, Bulterys M;;;; Medical and Health Research Assoc., New York, United States
Protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens have led to improved survival rates among HIV-infected children. However, adverse side effects, including hypercholesterolemia, may put children at risk for cardiovascular events. Methods: Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels (fasting whenever possible) were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4464)
Read S, Beyene J, King S, Allen U, Major C, Swantee C, Fisher M;;;; Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Normal age-dependent changes in CD4 counts in children may obscure changes in response to antiretroviral interventions. Our study aimed at applying appropriate z-score standardization to take age-dependent changes into account and correlate the standardized scores with initiation of treatment or treatment c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4465)
Ramos JT, Gonzalez Tome MI, Rojo P, Fernandez Ibieta M, Vargas K, Garcia-Pinal L;;;; Department of Pediatrics. Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Despite the lack of enough data of TDF, it is increasingly being used in children mostly as salvage therapy. Objectives: To determine the safety and effectiveness of TDF in children. To evaluate some markers of bone turnover and mineral density (BMD) Methods: Cross-sectional study of all children treated wi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4466)
Carter R, Levitt H, Rillamas-Sun E, Robinson LG, Champion S, Abrams EJ;;;; Harlem Hospital Center, New York, United States
While HAART therapy has improved survival among HIV-infected children, the consequences, which include hyperlipidemia, may put children at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods: Serum total cholesterol levels were abstracted from medical charts of acohort of 113 perinatally HIV-infected children followed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4467)
Arpadi S, Horlick M, MacMahon DJ, Bakshi S, Bamji M, Abrams E, Engelson E, Shane E;;;; St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center/Columbia University, New York, United States
Identification of potentially modifiable factors that contribute to low bone mass in children and adolescents with HIV is critical to developing effective interventions. To assess vitamin D status and its relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV+children and adolescents. Methods: 40 subj
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4468)
Bologna R, Rocco C, Mecikovsky D, Ruvinsky S, Rossi J, Mangano A, Sen L;;;; Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Plasma HIV-1 viral load (pVL) and CD4+ lymphocytes are independent predictors of disease progression in children with HIV-1 infection. Host genetic factors may modify the clinical outcome to AIDS. To examine the effect of baseline pVL level, CD4+ percentage and host genetic polymorphisms of CCR2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4469)
Ananworanich J, Ruxrungtham K, Siangphoe U, Chetchotisakd P, Prasithsirikul W, Kiertiburanakul S, Munsakul W, Klinbuayam W, Tansuphasawadikul S, Nuesch R, Ubolyam S, Yakasem S, Hill A, Cooper D, Hirschel B;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
There has been no data on the treatment outcome of once daily saquinavir hard gel capsule/ ritonavir (SQV-HGC/r)-based HAART. Methods: The first 167 ARV-naive Thai patients enrolled in the Staccato study between Jan 2002 to July 2003 and treated continuou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4470)
Wallis RS, Kyambadde P, Johnson JL, Whalen C, Okwera A;;;; UMDNJ-NJMS, Newark, United States
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an important inflammatory mediator in tuberculosis (TB), has been implicated as causing accelerated HIV disease progression in HIV+ TB. However, TNF blockade, particularly by monoclonal antibody, has been associated with reactivation of latent M. tuberculosis infection due to im
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4471)
Vajdic CM, Anderson J, Hillman R, Medley G, Grulich AE;;;; University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
High rates of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer in homosexual men have led to recommendations for anal screening of this population, yet there are no published comparisons of smear collection techniques. Anal smears can be collected blind (where a swab is inserted 4cm into the anal canal
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4472)
Este JA, Barretina J, Blanco J, Bonjoch A, Llano A, Clotet B;;;; Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
Backgroung: To evaluate the predictive value and evolution of immunological and virological parameters related to HIV entry and pathogenesis in patients receiving Enfuvirtide (ENF) plus an optimized background regimen. Methods: We determined virus coreceptor use and sensitivity to ENF, levels of chemokines, cytokines a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4473)
Maggiolo F, Ripamonti D, Gregis G, Quinzan G, Arici C, Callegaro A, Suter F;;;; Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy
Once a day HAART could improve antiretroviral treatment outcome. We evaluated this possibility in a prospective, randomized, open label study. Methods: Naive patients were randomized to a simple once-a-day (OD) regimen (ddI+ 3TC +EFV, arm A), to a low pill burden bis-in-die (BID) regimen (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4474)
Eziefule B, Durojaiye E, Nwanguma B;;;; Center for the Right to Health, Lagos, Nigeria
Following claims by different herbal medicine providers of having a cure for HIV/AIDS the government of Nigeria ordered in 2001 that a clinical trial be conducted in about 9 centers across the country to verify these cure claims. Many PLWHA were recruited for this purpose from different parts of the country. Du
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4475)
Hendrix CW, Stone N, Dunaway S, Flexner C, Calandra G, Wiggins I, Conley J, Snyder S, Tierney C;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
AMD070 is an oral CXCR4 antagonist with in vitro inhibitory activity against X4 virus. Its predecessor CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, reduced X4 viral load in a phase II study and produced dose-dependent leukocytosis; its further development for HIV infection was halted due to apparently limited antiretroviral
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4476)
Calvez V, Wirden M, Marcelin AG, Tubiana R, Valantin MA, Ghosn J, Duvivier C, Dominguez S, Paris L, Agher R, Peytavin G, Katlama C;;;; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
The ABC/ 3TC /TDF combination cannot be recommended in HIV-1 infected patients with a detectable HIV-1 viral load in plasma. However, little is known about the efficacy of TDF as a component of other combinations used for switching treatment in well-suppressed patients. The aim of this study was to compare
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4477)
Reimann G, Kreuter A, Hochdorfer B, Stuecker M, Conant MA, Altmeyer P, Brockmeyer NH;;;; And Network HIV
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Biologically, anal cancer resembles cervical cancer in several ways, including a similar histopathologic appearance and strong association with high risk human papillomavirus (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4478)
Waters L, Jones R, Michailidis C, Sawleshwarkav S, Stebbing J, Bower M, Nelson M, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
To compare immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in treatment naive patients with a baseline CD4 less than 200 cells/mm[3] and to determine prognostic factors. Design & methods: Longitudinal data from a large prospective clinical database. Treatment naive patients with CD
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4479)
van der Ryst E, Rosario MC, Poland W, Felstead S, Jenkins TM, Sullivan JF;;;; Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
Mathematical models have been widely used to describe the dynamics of HIV infection. A model that characterizes the dynamics of virus decline during therapy with UK-427,857, a novel CCR5 antagonist, was developed and used to study the effect of UK-427,857 on viral replication kinetics in vivo. The aims of t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4480)
Symonds B, Denning J, Kim J, Sanderson B, Edwards L, Moore K;;;; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, United States
695634G, an NNRTI in development for the treatment of HIV-1, is the prodrug of the active compound, 678248X. The aim of this study was to establish the initial safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profiles in healthy male subjects before proceeding to repeat-dose and patient studies. Methods: NN210001 i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4482)
Wainberg MA, Murphy R, Sawyer J;;;; McGill University AIDS Center, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) remain the backbone of most treatment regimens. Further development of NRTIs faces significant challenges, in particular with regard to the design of clinical studies. Several new NRTIs have resistance profiles that are similar to existing agents,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4483)
Montaner J, Chung J, Guimaraes D, DeMasi R, Gafoor Z, Salgo M;;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Treatment-experienced patients are characterized by considerable heterogeneity with regards ARV treatment experience and markers of disease stage. Prognostic factors for treatment response are not well defined in this setting. We conducted the present analysis to characterize positive prognostic factors (PP
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4484)
Bartlett JA, Salgo M, DeMasi R;;;; Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
Viral responses with enfuvirtide (ENF) + optimized background (OB) at 24 and 48 wks from the 2 TORO studies have been published; however, the dynamics of early viral load (VL) responses in this study population have not yet been examined. Methods: 995 subjects in the intent to treat (ITT) population had BL
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4485)
Ulmer A, Mueller M, Frietsch B;;;; HIV-Practice, Stuttgart, Germany
Due to recent findings concerning the low efficacy of triple NRTI combinations containing TDF, 3TC and ddI or ABC in qd regimens we evaluated our database to compare those results to our results for these combinations in clinical practice. Methods: To date 124 TDF-containing HAART combinations in 109 patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4486)
Arribas JR, Pulido F, Lorenzo A, Delgado R, Blanco A, Miralles P, Arranz A, Gonzalez-Garcia JJ, Hervas R, Cepeda C, Pena JM;;;; Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
We evaluated simplification to Lopinavir/r single-drug (L/r-sd) HAART versus continuing L/r triple-drug (L/r-td) HAART (2 nucs + L/r) in HIV-infected patients with suppressed HIV replication. Methods: Patients were eligible if they had no history of virological failure while receiving a protease inhibitor (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4487)
Stout JP, Tarragona A, Birungi J, Anzala AO, Farah B, Thakar M, Hayes P, Gilmour JW;;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
There is an urgent need for developing a preventive vaccine for HIV-1 globally. Up until very recently, much of the scientific research around HIV-1 vaccine development has been conducted in specialized laboratories in Europe and the US. Since over 80% of HIV-1 infected people live outside the US and Europe, it
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4488)
Montaner JS, Press N, Harris M, Zala C, Cahn P, Ochoa C, Schneider S, Hanna B, Thorne A, Singer J;;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
To compare once daily SQV/r with twice daily IDV/r, each with 2 RTIs, with respect to proportions of patients with plasma viral load (VL) 5000 c/mL were randomized to receive either open-label SQV/r 1600 mg/ 100 mg once daily or IDV/r 800 mg/ 100 mg twice daily, with either 2 NRTIs or 1 NRTI plu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4489)
van der Ryst E, Fatkenheuer G, Pozniak AL, Johnson M, Plettenberg A, Staszewski S, Hoepelman IM, Saag M, Goebel F, Rockstroh J, Dezube B, Jenkins TM, Medhurst C, Sullivan JF, Ridgway C, Abel S, Youle M;;;; Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
UK-427,857 is a CCR5 antagonist with potent anti-HIV activity in vitro. Studies in healthy volunteers have demonstrated that it is safe and well tolerated with plasma concentration in excess of the antiviral IC90 obtained at doses of >/=100mg BID. Short-term monotherapy studies were conducted in HIV patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4490)
Brown SJ, Hezareh M, Moukil M, Pondarzewski M, Cherix N, Carpentier JL, Foti M;;;; AIDS Research Alliance, West Hollywood, California, United States
The persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs represents a major barrier to virus eradication in patients on HAART. Prostratin, the active compoud in a Samoan herbal remedy, is a phorbol ester with potent anti-tumor activity. It activates viral expression from latently infected cells and inhibits viral infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4491)
Pai N, Tulsky JP, Pai M, Colford JM, Sheppard HW, Reingold AL;;;; Division Of Epidemiology. School Of Public Health. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
Structured treatment interruptions (STI) of antiretroviral treatment (ART) involve repetitive on and off cycling of ART and have generated hopes of reducing drug toxicities, costs and total time on treatment in HIV positive patients. We conducted a Cochrane systematic review to assess the effects of STI on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4492)
Ebrahim O, Isaacs S, Hill A;;;; Brenthurst Clinic and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
A high proportion of HIV positive people in South Africa present with symptomatic infection and very low CD4 counts (0-150 cells/mm[3]). NRTI/NNRTI combinations may not initially be well tolerated for these patients, owing to anaemia, neutropenia and/or liver enzyme elevations at baseline. SQV/r (400/400mg
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4493)
Girard PM, Cabie A, Michelet C, Verdon R, Katlama C, Petour P, Weiss L, Morand-Joubert L, Chene G, Pellegrin JL, Sereni D, Bentata M, Durant J, Trylesinski A;;;; Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Simplified maintenance regimens in success fully-treated patients need to be revisited in the context of recently approved potent antiretrovirals. Methods: The COOL trial is a 48-week, randomized, multicenter trial designed to assess the efficacy of dual therapy (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4494)
Lori F, Pollard R, Whitman L, Bakare N, Blick G, Foli A, Groff A, Lova L, Lisziewicz J;;;; RIGHT, at IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy & Washington, DC, USA, Pavia, Italy
Background Hydroxyurea (HU) potentiates the anti-HIV activity of ddI, however, it has been quite toxic at 1,200 mg daily dose. We explored whether reducing the HU dose would decrease toxicity, and whether HU cytostatic properties (preventing T cell proliferation and consequent HIV replication) contributed to the antivi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4495)
Reid A, Munderi P, Kityo C, Gibb DM, Katabira E, Hakim J, Grosskurth H, Mugyenyi P, Darbyshire J, Gilks C;;;; University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
DART (Development of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Africa) is an open label randomised trial assessing feasible therapeutic approaches for resource poor settings: clinical monitoring only versus CD4 plus laboratory plus clinical monitoring, and structured treatment interruptions (STI) versus continuous therapy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4496)
Cruz-Palacios CP;;;; CENSIDA, Minister of Health. Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
Objetives. To determine the incidence of cervicalvaginal infections caused by C. trachomatis in FCSW, associated factors and risk practices, as well as other sexual transmitted infections (included HIV-1). Methods: Blood and cervical samples were taken from 1330 FCSW attending and STI detection Center in Mexico City fr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4497)
Mbakaya CF, Orege PA, Kisingu WM;;;; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
A pilot study was conducted for 36 months from January 2000 to determine the possible long-term benefits of HIV/AIDS patients in Kenya using a multi-micronutrient preparation mainly comprising vitamins, amino acids and zinc sulphate with enhanced antioxidant properties. Methods: The study was open labeled a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4498)
Pantaleo G, Schillevoort I, Gatell J, Correa R, Wit FW, Lazzarin A, Nobile M, De Koning-Smits LA, Cellerai C, Van Leeuwen R, Lange JM;;;; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
Introduction: To assess the long-term benefits and safety of mycophenol mofetil (MMF) in treatment of HIV, this study compared four regimens containing nelfinavir, lamivudine and either abacavir (ABC) or didanosine (ddI), with or without the addition of MMF.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4499)
Luchters SM, Veldhuijzen NJ, Nsanzabera D, Kankindi B, Tuyizere S, Paxton WA, Nyaruhirira I, Leeuwen van R, Wit FW, Muganga N, Vyankandondera J, Boelaert JR, Lange JM;;;; IATEC, International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Breastfeeding is accountable for a substantial amount of HIV-1 infections in infants born to HIV-1 infected mothers. HIV-1 viral load in breast milk is associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Chloroquine at clinically achievable plasma concentrations leads to the production of post-transcript
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4500)
A Brutus1, J Boghossian2, G Sepulveda3, P Wannamaker4, S Sharp5
Higher virologic response rates for 908 BID were observed across all entry VL and CD4 strata compared to NFV BID, however, it should be noted that the sample sizes in some of these sub-groups are small.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4501)
Johnson M, Nieto-Cisneros L, Horban A, Arasteh K, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Gatell Artigas J, Clotet B, Lazzarin A, Landman R, Proll S, Snowden W, Foreman R, Smith P;;;; Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
A novel formulation of nelfinavir (NFV, V12), containing 625mg NFV per tablet was developed to improve patient convenience by reducing the pill count from ten to four tablets per day. Methods: Open-label study comparing gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability and patient (pt) preference of the new NFV 625mg tabl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4502)
Gallant JE, Vibhagool A, Staszewski S, Bartlett JA, Kumar PN, Rawlings MK, Fischl MA, Tolson JM, Liao Q, Pakes GE;;;; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
ESS30009 is an open-label clinical trial comparing TDF 300 mg once daily (QD) + the ABC 600 mg/ 3TC 300 mg fixed-dose combination (FDC) QD versus efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg + the ABC/3TC FDC QD in antiretroviral-naive patients with viral loads >/=5000 copies/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4503)
E DeJesus1, P Ive2, D Schurmann3, J Yeo4, N Richards4
Subjects receiving 908/r QD had similar response rates<400 c/mL regardless of BL VL/ CD4. Viral response<50 c/mL was somewhat reduced in the 908/r QD arm for subj with high BL VL, but CD4 had little effect. In the high VL/ low CD4 group, subj receiving 908/r QD had a better response for both<400 and<50 c/mL than those receiving NFV. These results further demonstrate the benefits of 908/r QD over NFV in the advanced ART naïve population.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4504)
Rodriguez AE, Johnson J, Bartlett JA, Herrera G, Sosa N, Bellos N, Liao Q, Griffith SK, Shaefer MS;;;; University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
The introduction of new protease inhibitors (PIs) such as GW433908 (908) have demonstrated an improvement in pill burden, dosing schedules, and side effects over previous PI regimens. This study looks at switch from amprenavir (APV) to 908 in 66 subjects who initiated AP
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4505)
Abban C;;;; Miracle Rock Foundation, Accra, Ghana
Purpose: To better understanding and appreciate product preferences, awareness of Vaginal Products in Ghana to accelerate microbicide development. Methodology: Our Research department sampled hundred people made up of married people from low socioeconomic groups, commercial sex workers, and physicians from three region
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4506)
Nadler J, Rodriguez-French A, Gray G, Thorpe D, Elston R, Thomas D;;;; USF/Hillsborough County Health Department, Tampa, FL, United States
The protease inhibitor 908, recently approved in the US (Lexiva™), offers flexible dosing, favorable tolerability and a distinct resistance profile. This long-term follow-up includes antiretroviral treatment (ART) naive subjects taking 908 BID as part of the NEAT (APV30001) study who subsequently enrol
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4507)
Gathe J, Wood R, Bellos N, Stark T, Elston R, Millard J, Garris C;;;; Therapeutic Concepts, P.A., Houston, TX, United States
The efficacy, tolerability and convenience of the protease inhibitor (PI) 908, recently approved in the US (Lexiva™) and under review in EU (proposed tradename Telzir), have been previously demonstrated. This interim analysis reports 96 week (wk) data for antiretroviral treatment (ART) naive subjects w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4508)
Claas GJ, Bogner JR, Goebel FD;;;; Med Poliklinik, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Nucleoside analogues are connected to an elevation of serum lactate and cholesterol. A switch to tenofovir may relieve mitochondrial toxicity. Continued virus suppression and lack of nephrotoxicity need to be established. Methods: We observed a collective of 54 patients (16 female and 38 male, average 45.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4509)
Matsabisa MG;;;; Medical Research Council South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Introduction: AIDS is a chronic viral infectious disease. Infected individuals do not become ill immediately but it may take years before they become ill. There is no cure for this infection. High rates of traditional medicines use have been found in patients living with HIV/AIDS [1, 2]. In 2001, 78% of people in the U
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4510)
Jayaweera D, Becker S, Bellos N, Felizarta F, Sands M, Slater L, Dezii C, Maa JF, Hodder SL, Tudor JL;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
Simplified once daily regimens are fast becoming the standard of care over more complicated, multi-dose regimens. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy at 48 weeks of a once daily stavudine-XR, lamivudine and efavirenz regimen in treatment-naive patients. Methods: The Daily Ant
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4511)
Jaffar S, Jiamton S, Mahakkanukrauh B, Suttent R, Chaisilwattana P, Pepin J, Frost E, Filteau S, Suthipinittharm P;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Observational studies suggest that micronutrient deficiencies may increase the risk of HIV transmission but the effects of supplementation on markers of the risk of HIV transmission are unknown. Methods: We conducted a trial of multiple micronutrients among HIV-infected individuals in Bangkok,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4512)
Gey DC, Lorenz T, Brust J, Klinker H, Langmann P, Mosthaf F, Schuster D, Hartmann M;;;; University of Heidelberg, Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg, Germany
NRTIs remain the cornerstone of HAART regimens. However, evidence of mitochondrial toxicity, such as high lactate levels, polyneuropathy and lipoatrophy from NRTIs are common problems and often necessitate a change of the current regimen. So far, only few studies investigated NRTI-free regimens. We present the 48 week
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4513)
Greiger-Zanlungo P, Rubin D, Blick G, Garton T;;;; Mount Vernon Hospital, Mount Vernon, United States
Triple NRTI regimens preserve the future efficacy of nNRTIs, PIs, and other NRTIs. TZV ( AZT / 3TC /ABC) provides effective and durable viral suppression, but ACTG 5095 showed this regimen inferior to EFV-containing regimens.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4514)
Thomas MS;;;; Emmanuel Hospital Association, New Delhi, India
In resource poor countries like India where generic antiretroviral drugs are manufactured, more people are initiated on ART. Issues, which influence ART management, differ in various situations. Issues faced by PWHAS on ART from urban low socioeconomic communities are emerging. Methods: 23 patients initiate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4515)
Wood R, Badri M, Bekker LG, Orrell C, Pitt J, Cilliers F;;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
International guidelines differ on when to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We assessed the utility of the 2003 revised WHO criteria (initiating HAART in stage IV, stage III and CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4516)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
The 2003 guidelines for anti-HIV therapy consider lopinavir / ritonavir (L)- or efavirenz (E)-based HAART as 1st-line choice for naive patients (p). Methods: The efficacy-tolerability of L- vs E- based HAART
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4517)
Sungkanuparph S, Kiertiburanakul S, Manosuthi W, Vibhagool A, Rattanasiri S, Thakkinstian A;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
The majority of HIV patients in developing countries are currently present with low CD4 cell count. NNRTI-based regimen is widely used but efficacy and tolerability in advanced patients is questionable. Our study compared the efficacy and tolerability of efavirenz (EFV)-based regimen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4518)
Gatell JM, Lazzari E, Arnaiz JA, Miro JM, Martinez E, Garcia F, Blanco JL;;;; Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Clinic, Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Since 1996 the number of antiretoviral agents have almost tripled and the strategy of when and how to initiate HAART have changed. Methods: A prospective study of all naive patients (N=1947) who have initiated HAART from 1997 to 2002. We have evaluated by calendar year the demographics, the composition of t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4519)
Moyle GJ, Sawyer W, Hill A;;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Introduction: A combination of 3 antiretroviral agents is the current standard of care for initial HIV therapy, but sub-optimal responses are seen in clinical trials and cohorts. Additional antiretrovirals may increase the likelihood or durability of a response. Non-randomised studies of 3 class regimens consisting of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4520)
Do TD;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Current guidelines recommend initiating HAART in symptomatic patients with HIV infection. For severely ill and hospitalized patients with advanced AIDS, it is unclear whether initiating HAART may improve mortality or cause harm from immune reconstitution disease (IRD). The current study is a systematic lite
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4521)
Hernandez JE, Gordon DQ, Cutrell A, Zhao H, Castillo S, Brothers C, Stainsby C, Paes D, Scott T;;;; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, United States
Aim/Methods: ABC is a potent nucleoside analogue, generally safe and well tolerated by most HIV-infected individuals when given BID. CNA30021 was a double-blind study in ART-naive adults comparing ABC OAD to ABC BID as part of triple ART over at least 48 weeks. Subjects received matching ABC placebo OAD or BID. To asse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4522)
Hosseinipour MC, Kanyama C, Nkhalamba T, Phiri S, Weigel R, Funsani C, Potani C, Namakwa D, Lugalia L, van der Horst C, Hoffman I, Neuhann F;;;; UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi
The Malawi Ministry of Health established an antiretroviral program using Cipla s Triomune (D4T/ 3TC / NVP ) as first line therapy in October 2001. Safety and Efficacy of the program has been limited secondary to patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4523)
Zijenah LS, Kadzirange G, Tobaiwa O, Kufa T, Matsikire E, Bhattacharaya D, Moyo S, Maponga C, Gonah N, Chirenje ZM, Gwanzura C, Katzenstein DA;;;; University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
Generic antiretroviral drugs for treatment of AIDS as well as single dose (SD) nevirapine ( NVP ) or short course (SC) AZT for reducing mother to child transmission of HIV are beco
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4524)
Kilaru KR, Kumar A, Sippy N, Carter A, Roach TC;;;; Ladymeade HIV Reference Unit, St. Michael, Barbados
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is now being increasingly used in the Caribbean, Barbados being the first to introduce universal access to HAART since 2002. We conducted a prospective study to assess the response to HAART in this population. Methods: All treatment naive HIV positive individuals
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4525)
Rozenbaum W, Schneider V, Da Silva Marechal E, Thevenet S, Abraham B, Pialoux G;;;; Univ P and M Curie. Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
Triple nucleosides reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTI) have low pill burden and are convenient initial combination therapy promoting adherence. However,recent studies have shown a lower viral efficacy. To assess the outcome of this first line therapy we carried out a longitudinal study of a cohort of 205
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4526)
Force L, Barrufet P, Rodriguez S, Tanasa A, Vendrell E, Capdevila JA;;;; Mataro Hospital, Mataro. Barcelona, Spain
the primary goal of HIV therapy is a prolonged suppression of viral load. Patients who began antiretroviral therapy, before HAART were available, had been exposed to a suboptimal therapy, they had developed drug resistance and response to HAART could be decreased. Methods: we analyze a cohort of 264 patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4527)
Berenguer J, Perez-Elias MJ, Bellon JM, Knobel H, Rivas-Gonzalez P, Gatell JM, Miguelez M, Hernandez-Quero J, Ortega E, Soriano V, Santos I, Podzamczer D, Sala M, Camba M;;;; Hosp Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of ABC/ 3TC /ZDV in antiretroviral-naive HIV+ patients (Pt). Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort of consecutive naive HIV+ patients (Pt) who initiated ABC/3TC/ZDV and who had at least one follow-up (FU) visit at least 12 wk after tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4528)
Tung M, Mandalia S, Gazzard BG, Nelson M, Bower M;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that TFV when co-administered with ddI 400mg increases ddI plasma concentrations by up to 60%. Reducing ddI dosage to 250mg has been suggested in combination with TFV to minimise this interaction. There has been little comparative data assessing the use of the two doses of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4529)
Mujugira A, Wester W, Kim S, Ndwapi N, Gaolathe T, Bussmann H, Munyadzwe G, Tirelo G, Motsepe D, Mukendi J, Avalos A, Brewu G, Moffat HJ;;;; Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
Introduction: In January 2002, Botswana became the first country in Africa to offer HAART through the public health system. Many of the patients enrolled in the program had evidence of severe immunosuppression, which is known to be associated with a poorer prognosis. We report on their response to HAART (CD4, Viral loa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4530)
Sajadi M, Gilliam B, Amoroso A, Davis C, Redfield R;;;; University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
The combination of abacavir (ABC) and tenofovir (TDF) has had increased use in clinical practice because of its perceived potential for potency and decreased toxicities. However, recent studies have demonstrated that ABC/TDF/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4531)
Semitala FC, Kamya MR, Guwatudde D, Thomas CQ, Ronald A, Mayanja HK, Katabira ET, Spacek LA;;;; Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa, Kampala, Uganda
To evaluate clinical illnesses and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate markers of the CD4 cell count in HIV infected persons. Design: Cross-sectional study of patients consecutively enrolled from June 2002 to November 2003 at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda . Methods: A total of 202 patients were en
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4532)
Sabin CA
Whilst the incidence of AIDS drops rapidly after starting HAART, it is not clear whether all patients benefit equally. We investigated patterns of decline in AIDS incidence according to demographic and clinical characteristics at the time of starting HAART. Methods: The ART Cohort Collaboration contains inf
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4533)
Cuzin L, Pugliese P, Bugnon F, Delpierre C, Cua E, Billaud E, Massip P, Raffi F, Dellamonica P
Based on short-term results of ACTG A5095 trial, ZDV/ 3TC /ABC is no longer recommended as first-line antiretroviral regimen. Long-term data on this triple NRTI combination in real-life situation might provide important complementary information. Methods: Selection from 3 prospective cohorts of patients who
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4534)
Suarez-Lozano I, Garrido M, Fajardo JM, Viciana P, Terron A, Geijo P, Domingo P, Sanchez T, Ribera E, Roca B, Cosin J, Gonzalez J, Vergara A, Lozano F, Teira R, Munoz A, Garcia-Alcalde ML, Galindo MJ, Lacalle JR
Results from clinical trials on ART treatment must have a correspondance data from clinical practice. Four treatment comparisons in the HIV Spanish VACH Cohort. The study have the aims to evaluate the baseline characteristics of patients in different tratment arms and their effectiveness in clinical practic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4535)
Dronda F, Zamora J, Moreno S, Moreno A, Casado JL, Muriel A, Perez-Elias MJ, Antela A, Moreno L, Quereda C;;;; Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
The immune recovery of antiretroviral naive HIV-infected patients who initiate HAART is quite heterogeneous and not fully understood. We evaluated the impact of HIV risk practice and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection on immune reconstitution. Methods: Prospective, observational cohort study. Patients selected w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4536)
Hicks C, Eron J, Lennox J, Pilcher C, Weintrob A, del Rio C, Ferrari G, Weinhold K, Giner J, Menezes P, Dean B, Kerkau M, Fiscus S;;;; Duke University Med Center, Durham, NC, United States
Primary HIV infection (PHI) offers an opportunity to impact the earliest stages of HIV infection. Public health benefit may also accrue from reduced transmission from infectious persons. Methods: The Duke-UNC-Emory Primary HIV Infection (PHI) Consortium has identified and enrolled patients with acute HIV in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4537)
Anis AH, Sun H, Palepu A, Nosyk B, Guh D, Vinduska B;;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, Canada
To evaluate the uptake of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among patients who were hospitalized in a specialized HIV/AIDS ward in St. Paul s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, between 1997 and 2002. Methods: Hospitalization records were randomly selected for each patient admitted to the HIV/AIDS ward at St. Paul s Hospit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4538)
J Gallant1, S Staszewski2, A L Pozniak3, J M A Suleiman4, E De Jesus5, B Lu6, K Yale6, M D Miller6, A K Cheng6
Through 144 weeks, the efficacy of combination therapy with TDF was comparable to d4T in antiretroviral-naïve patients. The renal safety profile was similar between the arms. Patients in the TDF arm had a significantly better lipid profile and less lipodystrophy.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4539)
Prins M, Meyer L;;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Although some aspects of HIV-infection in women markedly differ from men, guidelines for starting therapy do not include factors that might modify clinical decisions for women. We evaluated the factor sex in two long-standing cohorts. These cohorts are unique because of multiple HIV RNA and CD4 count measurements since
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4540)
Keiser P, Nassar N, Yazdani JB, Armas L, Moreno SA;;;; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
Non-White patients are under-represented in clinical trials. There is little data comparing the effectiveness of anti-retroviral agents in non-white populations in the USA. Clinical trials have demonstrated better response rates in patients treated with efavirenz compared to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4541)
Costello C, Nelson KE, Suriyanon V, Rungruenthanakit K, Sennun S, Tovanabutra S, Spacek L, Jamieson D, Duerr A;;;; CONRAD/East Virginia Medical School, Virginia, United States
To determine an algorithm of resource-limited predictors of low CD4 count and decreased survival. Methods: From 1992-1998, HIV infected (HIV+) Thai men and their wives enrolled; all were antiretroviral naive and most were asymptomatic. The analysis included 801 HIV+ subjects. Predictors of low CD4 count wer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4543)
Easterbrook PJ, Phillips AN, Hill T, Matthias R, Sabin C, Fisher M, Gazzard B, Gilson R, Scullard G; Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
There are limited data on the level of adherence to published guidelines on the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and variation in prescribing practices. We describe the patterns and predictors of ART use from 1996-2001 in the UK. Methods: The UK CHIC study is an observational cohort that contains
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4544)
J A Bartlett1, J Johnson2, G Herrera3, N Sosa4, A E Rodriguez5, Q Liao2, S K Griffith2, M S Shaefer2
Similar virologic suppression was observed through 96 weeks in subjects beginning ABC+3TC in combination with NNRTI, PI, or NRTI therapy: Fewer subjects on initial NNRTI therapy met the definition for first virologic failure.
To examine whether immunological (CD4+) and virological (plasma HIV RNA) response to HAART vary according to the time elapsed since seroconversion in naive patients. Design: Collaboration of studies of HIV-1 infected patients whose dates of seroconversion have been reliably estimated. Methods: Marker evoluti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4546)
Toulson AR, Wood E, Hogg RS, Levy A, Yip B, Harrigan PR, Montaner JS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Current recommendations for treatment initiation in the US and elsewhere are based on CD4 and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. The prognostic value of CD4 and plasma HIV-1 RNA has not been well characterized in relation to outcomes like hospitalization. The objective of this study is to determine rates of first hos
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4547)
K Tashima1, S Staszewski2, M Nelson3, A Rachlis4, D Skiest5, R Stryker6, L Bessen7, V Wirtz8, S Overfield7, D Sahner8
Final results of Study 006 demonstrate the superior durability of response of EFV/ZDV/3TC compared with IDV/ZDV/3TC through over 3 years of F/U. Higher baseline VL did not compromise response to EFV/ZDV/3TC. EFV was generally well-tolerated with no new unexpected late-onset safety concerns.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4548)
Cook JA, Burke JK, Grey DD, Cohen MH, Anastos K, Wilson T, Gandhi M, Richardson J, Young M;;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
Depression has been shown to influence the health behaviors of HIV+ individuals, including treatment decision-making. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the effects of treated and untreated depression on the likelihood of HAART initiation among a low-income, inner-city cohort of HIV+ U. S. women.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4549)
Moreno Guillen S, Perez Elias MJ, Terron JA, Antela A, Domingo P, Ribera E, Palacios R, Ocampo A, Hernandez Quero J, Barros C, Arazo P, Carmena J, Herranz CR, Casado JL, Sanchez de la Rosa R;;;; Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
High rates of early virologic failure have recently been observed in clinical studies of the once-daily triple-nucleoside/nucleotide regimen ABC+ 3TC +TDF in antiretroviral naive patients. To date,there has been minimal data published on the use of these two NRTIs (TDF+ABC) together in regimens other than t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4550)
Cuzin L, Delpierre C, Alvarez M, Bonnet E, Obadia M, Saivin S, Sandres-Saune K, Massip P;;;; CISIH, Toulouse, France
To compare tolerance and immuno-virological efficacy of low-dose ritonavir (RTV)/ saquinavir (SQV) vs nelfinavir. Methods: From our prospective cohort we selected RTV/SQV or nelfinavir therapeutic sequences, beginning on 01/01/2000.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4551)
Galindo Puerto MJ, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Salavert M, Estrada V, Cordero M, Lopez Bernardo de Quiros JC, Dronda F, Orihuela F, Rubio Garcia R, Chocarro A, Falco Ferrer V, Vilaro J, Cortes Lletget C, Alvarez ML, Moreno Guillen S;;;; Hospital Clinico Univeristario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Although much information is available about ddI and TDF pharmacokinetic interaction, little is known about its clinical relevance in patients treated with regimens containing this combination. Methods: Recover is a prospective, multicenter, switch study (n=1350) in which patients with a nucleoside reverse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4552)
Gallais H, Lazzarin A, Adam A, Nelson M, Cooper D, Clotet B, Colebunders A, Lange J, Aguas A, Mulcahy F, Robertson L, Buffels R, Rooney J;;;; Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
Viread™ is a once daily nucleotide RTI with activity against wild type and nucleoside resistant HIV. A Global EAP was initiated in Mar 2001 for HIV infected pts. who failed prior HAART and had limited treatment options. As of 8 October 2003, 10246 pts. have been enrolled. Data is now available on 5686
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4553)
Mallolas J, Blanco JL, Labarga P, Vergara A, Ocampo A, Sarasa M, Arnedo M, Lopez-Pua Y, Garcia J, Juega J, Guelar A, Terron A, Dalmau D, Garcia I, Zarraga M, Martinez E, Carne X, Pumarola T, Gatell JM;;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Increasing the trough levels of protease inhibitors (PI) adding ritonavir has became an effective strategy to improve their antiviral activity. We tested if failing patients with a PI-containing HAART could be rescued by switching the PI to SAQ/RTV 1000/100 twice daily (BID).
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4554)
Latham V, Mihailidis C, Mandalia S, Gazzard B, Nelson M;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Salvage regimens are usually complex. The aim was to describe a simple regimen, TT, for salvage therapy. Method: A retrospective analysis of TT as salvage therapy in patients having virologically failed at least one anti-retroviral combination, identified via the clinic database. Viral load and CD4 recorded
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4555)
Podzamczer D, Tressler R, Flexner C, Katlama C, Havlir D, Letendre S, Eron J, Weiss L, Gatell J, Simon A, Ferrer E, King M, Bertz R, Robinson K, Brun S;;;; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
In patients (pts) who have failed multiple antiretroviral regimens, higher doses of LPV/r may overcome certain levels of LPV resistance. Methods: Multiple PI- and NNRTI-experienced HIV+ pts were randomized to receive LPV/r 400/300 mg (n=17) or 667/167 mg (n=19) BID, each with 2-3 NRTIs selected by the inves
In patients (pt) with multi-drug resistant HIV-1a switch of therapy often leads to a decline of viral load (VL) even if the new regimen does not contain any active substances. A treatment regimen targeting the viral RT only may lead to a partial loss of PI associated mutations rendering the virus susceptibl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4557)
Koegl C, Buchberger A, Morbach K, Postel N, Ruemmelein N, Wolf E, Wandel J, Eberhard A, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H;;;; MUC Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
Although Atazanavir (ATV) - especially unboosted ATV - has a favourable lipid profile, unboosted ATV was shown to be less effective than boosted Lopinavir/r (LPV/r) according to several clinical trials. Methods: Prospective study in HIV-positive patients (pts) starting an ATV-containing highly active antire
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4558)
Melzi S, Chiesa E, Bongiovanni M, Merli S, Capetti A, d'Arminio Monforte A, Bini T;;;; University, Milan, Italy
Few data are available on Enfuvirtide (ENF) efficacy and safety in clinical practice. Methods: Observational study in multiexperienced HIV-pts starting ENF plus optimized HAART. Demographics, immunovirological parameters, drug-related mutations (M), adverse effects and AIDS events were recorded at baseline,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4559)
Thommes J, Goodly J, Capuano G, Dolker M, Mazikewich A, DeMasi R, Khoo K;;;; Roche, Nutley, NJ, United States
Enfuvirtide (ENF) is the first HIV fusion inhibitor approved for the therapy of HIV infection in treatment-experienced patients. This early access program (EAP) was designed to provide compassionate access to ENF for multi-drug experienced patients with advanced HIV disease, before US regulatory approval.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4560)
Hasson H, Danise A, Carini E, Bigoloni A, Galli A, Bonora S, Aguilar D, Di Perri G, Lazzarin A, Castagna A;;;; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Enfuvirtide (ENF) inhibits HIV-1 replication by specific binding to a gp41 region that regulates the fusion of the virus to host-cell membranes. Limited data are available on humoral response elicited by this peptide. Methods: Multidrug-resistant pts enrolled in the ENF Early Access Program were included in
10 years before,the monthly average of medical care of an HIV/AIDS patient in Cameroon was around 500.000 Frs CFA (1us D = 600 Frs CFA). The governemt and international community efforts have accelerated the permanent reduction of ARV prices,presenthly 15.000Frs. This reduction has increased the number of p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4562)
Nuesch R, Ananworanich J, Sirivichayakul S, Ubolyam S, Sangphoe U, Hill A, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Ruxrungtham K;;;; Outpatient Department of Internal Medicine/University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Structured treatment interruption (STI) is an attractive alternative strategy to continuous treatment, particularly in resource restrained settings by reducing both side effects and costs. One major concern, however, is the development of resistance to antiretroviral drugs occurring during multiple cycles o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4563)
Ananworanich J, Apateerapong W, Siangphoe U, Ruxrungtham K, Hirschel B, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Structured treatment interruption (STI) of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may limit side effects and save cost. It is unclear whether it is an attractive strategy for patients in developing countries. We investigated treatment preference in post- trial patients previously randomized to CD4-gui
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4564)
Uwah A, Badaru SO, Ekong E, Smith S;;;; Central Public Health Laboratory, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
Tuberculosis(TB) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among persons with HIV/AIDS in Sub-saharan Africa. DOT for tuberculosis is an effective strategy towards ensuring compliance and adherence of patients (pts) to TB therapy. We evaluated the integration of ART into an existing TBDOT program
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4565)
Ananworanich J, Wicharuk S, Siangphoe U, Ruxrungtham R, Prasithsirikul W, Chetchotisakd P, Kiertiburanakul S, Munsakul W, Klinbuayam W, Tansuphasawadikul S, Nuesch R, Lebraz M, Hill A, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Hirschel B;;;; The HIV Netherland Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), the Thai Red Cross AIDS Reseach Center, Bangkok, Thailand
CD4-guided antiretroviral treatment (ART) is being investigated as a strategy to reduce ART cost and toxicity. Staccato is a structured treatment interruption study, which evaluates CD4-guided treatment (CD4 threshold of 350 cells/mm[3]) in comparison to continuous treatment. Methods: In Staccato, patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4566)
Choi JY, Chang KH, Park YS, Cho CH, Shin SY, Park YS, Chin BS, Choi SH, Han SH, Song YG, Kim JM;;;; AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Therapeutic interruptions (TIs) in chronic HIV infection will need predictors of success to increase cell-mediated immunity. We analyzed the impact of repeated TIs on virological and immunological parameters to investigate factors that correlate with prominent HIV-specific immune response. Methods: A prospe
To compared the safety of continuous vs. intermittent HAART guided by CD4 and VL in HIV-infected patients (pts) with a successful virus suppression. Study Design: Multicenter, open label, randomized, clinical trial. Pts and Methods: Pts with VL 1 y., CD4 >500 cells/mm3 for >6 mo. before the study entry and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4568)
Bonjoch A, Galvez J, Miralles C, de la Torre J, Prieto A, Vilades C, Marquez M, Marino A, Pena D, Miranda J, Masabeu A, Pasquau J, Rubio M, Terron JA, Gel S, Lopez MJ, Knobel H, Clotet B;;;; AIDS Care Unit Lluita contra la SIDA Found.Hosp Germans Trias, Badalona, Spain
Simplified treatments might be a new strategy in HIV infected patients (pts) with suppressed viral load (VL) in order to assure adherence and reduce long-term toxicities. To assess virological (V) and immunological (I) efficacy, safety and metabolic abnormalities evolution of simplified therapies
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4569)
Mussini C, Cozzi-Lepri A, Borghi V, Ortolani P, Bratt G, Eriksson LE, Sighinolfi L, Barchi E, d'Arminio Monforte A, De Luca A, Phillips AN, Cossarizza A, Esposito R;;;; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Modena, Modena, Italy
The effect of CD4 count-guided treatment interruption are not fully understood. To evaluate the effects of CD4 count-guided HAART discontinuation. Methods: An observational, retrospective, multi-centre study. Inclusion criteria were: HAART for >12 months prior to interruption, a CD4 nadir >250 ce
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4570)
Mingrone HO, Porteiro NB, Loiza EE;;;; Hospital Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
The objective is to assess the predictive baseline factors of good virological and immunological outcome on a non-structured, alternative approach to continuous HAART: planned treatment interruptions. Methods: 58 chronic asymptomatic patients under successful HAART were included. Treatment was stopped after
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4571)
Lee MP, Ng GW, Chung RW, Fok A, Li PC;;;; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
To investigate the efficacy, changes in metabolic parameters and body composition after replacement of protease inhibitors with nevirapine , efavirenz or
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4572)
Biglino A, Degioanni M, Valle M, Crivelli P, Brusa MT, Mastinu A, Casabianca A, Delmastro B, Bordino C;;;; Ospedale Civile di Asti, Asti, Italy
To assess the efficacy (viral load [VL]; CD4 count) and safety of a simpliflied regimen in subjects showing poor adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, assessed by a questionnaire designed to improve patients involvement in therapeutic choices. Methods: Seventy out of 220 consecutive HIV+ adults, trea
This retrospective analysis examined the antiviral and immunological effects of a double protease inhibitor (PI) regimen with SQV and LPV in pts experiencing treatment failure on a preceding non-PI containing regimen. Methods: Laboratory parameters of 12 therapy experienced pts, 1 female, with a median HIV R
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4574)
Perez Elias MJ, Moreno S, Gutierrez C, Lopez D, Belda-Marti P, Moreno A, Natera C, Morantes C, Casado JL, Dronda F, Antela A, Pumares M;;;; Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
High rates of early virologic failure have been observed with 2NRTI+TDF based regimens in antiretroviral naive patients (PAT) studies. No information is available in other scenarios. Methods: We investigated the virological outcome of suppressed PAT who changed to a 2NRTIs+TDF based regimen in our outpatien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4575)
Cohen CJ, Morris A, Bazner S, Gordon D, Sheble-Hall S, Narayan R, Schulte M, Colson A, Hellinger J;;;; CRI New England, Boston, United States
Short interruption studies have shown mixed results in sustaining viral suppression. Our objective is to evaluate virologic control, CD4 counts, and pt. preferences in those with sustained viral suppression who change from daily antiretroviral therapy to a 5-day on/2-day off (5/2) treatment sched
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4576)
van Valkengoed IG, Pogany K, Gras LA, van Sighem AI, Wit FW, Prins JM, Kroon FP, Brinkman K, de Wolf F;;;; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Despite the benefits of HAART, many patients temporarily interrupt therapy. We aimed to study the effects of interruptions on therapy success after reinitiation of HAART. Methods: 367 patients from the ATHENA observational cohort were included. Criteria were: >/=18 years at diagnosis, naive at start HAART,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4577)
Ruane P, Luber A, Gaultier C, Stryker R, Anderson D, Peloquin C, Rothbard J;;;; Tower ID Medical Associates, Los Angeles, United States
Prior experience with induction-maintenance strategies have shown poor outcomes. Maintenance with LPV/r alone may represent a viable option given its high potency, wide genetic barrier to resistance and tolerability. We evaluated LPV/r alone for maintenance therapy among patients with well-controlled HIV an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4578)
Holodniy M, Angus B, Brown S, Babiker A, Cameron W, Kyriakides T, Gazzard B, Singer J, Youle M;;;; VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, United States
The OPTIMA trial is a collaboration between the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, U. K. MRC and Canadian CIHR. OPTIMA is an ongoing strategy trial for patients with virologic failure and multi-drug resistant (MDR) virus. Methods: Patients (target N=504) with HIV RNA >2,500 copies/mL, CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4579)
Montaner JS, Harrigan PR, Toulson AR, Yip B, Harris M, Hogg RS, Dong W, Heath KV;;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
To characterize patients profiles and outcomes of STI in HAART-treated patients. Methods: Chart/database review was conducted between 09/2002 and 02/2003. STI was offered to AIDS-free patients with prior CD4 nadir >200 cells/mm3. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess characteristics
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4580)
Israelski D, Ndayishimiye F, Kassaye SG, Zemene M, Touhon M, Somda M, Salembere L, Tiendrebeogo I, Gouna Y, Machekano R;;;; AIDSETI, Bujumbura, Burundi
Introduction: Treatment of HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings remains a challenge. AIDS Empowerment and Treatment International (AIDSETI), a transnational organization with independent associations of PLWHA in 14 sub-Saharan and Caribbean countries, has developed a model of Association Driven HIV/AIDS Care and Treat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4581)
Ulmer A, Mueller M, Frietsch B;;;; HIV-Practice, Stuttgart, Germany
Is the viral load level during structured therapy interruption (STI) predictable? Methods: Retrospective monocentric cohort analysis of 134 patients with STI after at least 1 year ART and a prior to ART available viral load (VL). Mean duration between the last VL before ART and the first VL during STI was 1
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4582)
Ulmer A, Mueller M, Frietsch B;;;; HIV-Practice, Stuttgart, Germany
For a few years we have noticed that the small dose of 5 mg Prednisolone, which can be used without side effects for many years, has possibly a CD4-stabilizing effect on several HIV patients. Methods: 56 therapy naive patients with a CD4 count of at least 300/mul (mean 567) were treated for 0,5-11 years wit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4583)
Ruane P, Luber A, Gaultier C, Guyer B, Anderson D, Stryker R;;;; Tower ID, Los Angeles, United States
PI and NNRTI based HAART regimens can lead to dyslipidemia. We evaluated the effect of serum lipids after replacement of NNRTIs or PIs with TDF among patients experiencing HAART dyslipidemias. Methods: Ongoing, prospective, observational study. Patients were included if 1) receiving HAART with ND VL for >9
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4584)
Krolewiecki AJ, Zala C, Perez H, Cassetti I, Gun A, Vanzulli C, Pryluka D, Cahn P;;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Nadir CD4 count appears as an important predictor of safety and lasting success in treatment interruption for patients on HAART. We have reported before on the safety and convenience of this strategy in patients with nadir CD4 counts >350 cells. Evidence for this strategy in patients with slightly lower val
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4585)
Katzenstein DA, Henry K, Tebas P, Cherng D, Schmitz J, Valdez H, Jahed N, Vargas M, Myers L, Powderly WG;;;; Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Indication for continuous ART, among patients with HIV RNA 500/mm3 are not known. Strategies with IL-2 to boost CD4+ T cells, and pulses of ART could reduce cost and toxicity. To evaluate 3 cycles of IL-2 prior to treatment interruption (TI) on the time off ART, utilizing a CD4+ T-cell count
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4586)
Barrios A, Negredo E, Gil P, Garcia-Benayas T, Clotet B, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Successful HAART provides virus suppression and rises in CD4+ T cells. Although blunted CD4 recoveries have been described in older patients and those coinfected with HCV, there are no reports of CD4+ declines in the face of successful HAART. Patients and Methods: Evolution of CD4+ T cells was assessed over
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4587)
Mata R, Viciana P, Lopez-Cortes LF, Alarcon A, Tratoy M, Rivas I, Valera B;;;; Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
The objectives were to investigate the immunological, virological and clinical consequences of supervised treatment interruptions (TI) in a cohort of chronically HIV-infected patients with undetectable viral load, and to analyse which factors could predict a favourable outcome after supervised therapy inter
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4588)
Owen A, Janneh O, Bray PG, Ward SA, Baba M, Back DJ, Khoo SH;;;; Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
The antimalarial compound, chloroquine (CQ) has previously been shown to exert antiretroviral activity in vitro leading to clinical trials to define the usefulness of CQ in-vivo. We have examined the antiretroviral activity of a plethora of antimalarial compounds in U937 cells infected with HIVIIIB. A small degree of s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4589)
Molto J, Negredo E, Romeu J, Sirera G, Tural C, Puig J, Miranda J, Clotet B;;;; Lluita contra el SIDA Foundation. HIV Unit. Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
Most studies switching from PI to NNRTI-based HAART regimens in HIV-infected patients with suppressed viral load have a relatively short-term follow-up, and the long-term safety and efficacy of this approach remains to be confirmed. Methods: Retrospective, observational study including HIV-infected adults w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4590)
Jaeger H, Jessen H, Goetzenich A, Koegl C, Schewe K, Rausch M, Wolf E, Goelz J, Knechten H;;;; KIS - Curatorium for Immunedeficiency, Munich, Germany
Scientific data on optimal management of primary HIV-infection is non-conclusive. There is only little evidence that early treatment can reduce the viral load set point. Methods: Analysis of two prospective national cohorts: Prime-DAG started in July 2001 with a focus on early treatment. Ac-DAG started in J
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4591)
Montesano C, D'Offizi G, Gioia C, Bellagamba R, Corpolongo A, Poccia F, Volpi I, Bizzarri P, Pucillo LP, Tozzi V, Capobianchi M, Narciso P;;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani I.R.C.C.S. Rome Italy, Rome, Italy
Structured Treatment Interruptions (STI) in patients treated during primary HIV infection (PHI) showed that the HIV-specific immune response could be boosted. However, data on clinical benefit and risk of STI are unclear. We demonstrated that monitoring CD8 T-cell dynamics and IL-15 plasma levels during STI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4592)
Ruemmelein N, Wolf E, Koegl C, Wandel J, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H;;;; Private Practice Dr. Jaegel-Guedes/Dr. Jaeger, Munich, Germany
It is still unclear if early antiretroviral treatment (eART) of primary HIV-infection (PHI) can lead to improved long-term outcome. Methods: Patients with PHI were included since July 1998. Criteria for PHI were either a positive HIV-test result associated with acute retroviral syndrome and negative test re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4593)
Mera R, Most B, Balu RB, Fusco J;;;; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
Although HAART substantially suppresses virus replication, treatment interruptions (TI) occur for numerous reasons. For therapeutic vaccine trials, a period of structured treatment interruption may be necessary. It is important to gauge the implications of TIs in an observational setting, prior to the condu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4594)
Ward D, Cohen C, Keiser P, Morris A, Sax P, Dezii C, Maa JF, Hodder SL, Tudor JL;;;; Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC, United States
The Daily Antiretroviral Therapy (DART I) trial is a Phase IV, 96-week, open label, single-arm, prospective multi-center trial designed to assess the efficacy of once daily EFV, 3TC and DDI-EC. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of this regimen at 48 weeks.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4595)
Pierone G, Mieras J, Fontaine L, Fath M, Kantor C, Bulgin-Coleman D, Shearer J;;;; AIDS Research and Treatment Center of the Treasure Coast, Ft. Pierce, United States
Recent studies have suggested that lopinavir / ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy may be effective for treatment of HIV infection. We sought to determine if patients (pts) with complete viral suppression on a traditional triple drug NNRTI-based regimen could be successfully simplified to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4596)
Killian MS, Hecht FM, Levy JA;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
The CD8+ cellular non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) plays an important role in controlling HIV replication during early infection. CNAR activity becomes decreased in patients receiving antiviral drug therapy. Since structured treatment interruption (STI) has been suggested to enhance immune function, w
Former studies showed the benefit of an initial rapid decline of viral load after quadruple induction therapy, but subsequent duo-NRTI therapy proved to be ineffective as maintenance. Since simplification of PI-containing HAART to triple NRTI provided continued viral suppression, we re-evaluated the concept
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4598)
Johnson DL, Pearce D;;;; Daniel V Lara HIV Clinic, AltaMed Health Services, Los Angeles, United States
Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess the long-term viral suppression and safety of once-daily TDF with ddI EC 250mgvas part of a HAART regimen. TDF and ddI EC are two very effective ARV currently available to treat HIV/AIDS. Previous PK studies have demonstrated that when ddI EC is d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4599)
Lewis S, Gathe J, Ebrahimi R, Flaherty J, Wallace RJ;;;; UT Houston, Houston, United States
AA individuals have higher rates of cardiovascular and renal diseases. In clinical trials with TDF low-grade (G1-2) elevations in serum creatinine (Scr) have occurred in some patients. AA HIV-infected patients are under-represented in clinical trials, therefore, a retrospective study to determine RF changes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4600)
Ruane P, Luber A, Gaultier C, Anderson D, Stryker R, van Kempen A, Lanier R;;;; Tower ID, Los Angeles, United States
Patients with treatment hx of mono-and dual-NRTI therapy may develop viral rebound when switched to TZV. However, TDF and ABC may retain activity against mutants with M184V and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4601)
Gandhi M, Ameli N, Liegler T, Grant R, Bacchetti P, Greenblatt RM;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Treatment interruptions (TI) in antiretroviral therapy (ART) are common. Scheduled TI s have been advocated to boost HIV-specific immunity, limit long-term toxicity, reduce cost, or convert resistance; patient-initiated TI s relate to pill fatigue and side effects. We examined prevalence and predictors of T
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4602)
Munoz-Moreno JA, Fumaz CR, Negredo E, Molto J, Gel S, Puig J, Martinez E, Ferrer MJ, Clotet B;;;; Lluita contra la Sida Fdn. - HIV Unit. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Once-daily antiretroviral regimens (QD) may improve quality of life (QOL) and general satisfaction (GS) and favour adherence (ADH) to treatment of HIV infected patients (PTS). Methods: Prospective open-label randomized study in previously first HAART experienced pts with viral load suppression for >6 months
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4603)
Sood P, Morgan R;;;; Lothian University Hospital NHS Trust, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
The causes of failure of HAART are many which include incomplete adherence, pharmacokinetic factors and emergence of resistance. Low plasma drug levels correlate with virologic failure. TDM could be used for monitoring patients for drug adherence, drug interactions and in special groups like children and pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4604)
Scott JD, Bolan RK, Quiros J, Behrooznia E, Quist R, Forrest A;;;; Western University/Jeffrey Goodman Clinic, Los Angeles, United States
Most ARV s are not adjusted for body weight (BW) or body mass index (BMI). This is true for NNRTI s as well. Also, some side effects have been associated with elevated drug levels. This study was performed to see if pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters varied in HIV pts based on BW. Methods: 24 healthy HIV + mal
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4605)
Davis J, Hilsden F, Sudworth D, Weissgerber G;;;; Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich Labs, United Kingdom
This study was designed to estimate the effect of UK-427,857 on the QTc interval in healthy subjects. Methods: Single doses of UK-427,857 (100, 300 & 900mg) and moxifloxacin (400mg) were given in a randomised, placebo-controlled, 5-period crossover study. Sixty one subjects entered the study. The QT: RR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4606)
Orrell CJ, Geel J, Pitt JA, Van Dyk M, Wood R;;;; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
To assess the effects of nevirapine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in patients with HIV-1 infection. A secondary objective was to assess the effect of fluconazole on nevirapine steady state pharmacokinetics. Methods: A single-center, open-label, single-arm trial of pharmacokinetic parame
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4607)
Burger DM, La Porte CJ, Schippers EF, Van der Ende ME, Koopmans PP, Blok W, Kauffmann R, Kroon FP;;;; UMC Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
There is an increasing interest in QD HAART regimens. For LPV/r, only sparse data are available about the pharmacokinetic profile and interpatient variability of QD administration. No data have been reported so far that evaluate the effect of dose modifications in case of subtherapeutic exposure to LPV. Met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4608)
Cysique LA, Maruff P, Brew BJ;;;; University of New South Wales, St.Vincent's Clinical School, Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
It remains unclear whether HAART regimens with antiretroviral drugs that have good penetration into the brain (neuro-active drugs) lead to better neuropsychological performance in patients with advanced HIV disease. Methods: 97 HIV+ individuals (1 female) with advanced HIV-infection were recruited from tert
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4609)
Crommentuyn KM, Huitema AD, Brinkman K, van der Ende M, de Wolf F, Beijnen JH;;;; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
TDM offers the possibility to detect patients with plasma drug levels outside therapeutic ranges, who subsequently can benefit from dose modifications. This may result in improved and sustained therapeutic responses to antiretroviral therapy. For indinavir and nelfinavir the benefits of TDM h
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4610)
Boffito M, Back D, Stainsby-Tron M, Hill A, Di Perri G, Moyle G, Nelson M, Higgs C, Fletcher C, Gazzard B, Pozniak A;;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
While no significant interactions have been found between TDF and indinavir or lopinavir /r, TDF leads to a reduction in atazanavir /r PK parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4611)
Mills EJ, Wilson K, Clarke MJ, Foster B, Walker SE, Rachlis B, DeGroot N, Gold W, Phillips E, Myers SP, Gallicano K;;;; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
To determine if ingestion of Milk Thistle affects the pharmacokinetics of indinavir, we conducted a 3-period, randomized controlled trial with 16 healthy participants. Methods: We randomized participants to Milk Thistle or control. All participants received initial dosing of indinavir and baseline indinavir
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4612)
Mills EJ, Montori VM, Perri D, Phillips E, Koren G;;;; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
The use of natural health products (NHPs) within the HIV community is high. Several NHPs have demonstrated interactions with HIV medications that could contribute to drug failure. We aimed to determine the extent of clinical trials examining NHP-HIV drug interactions and the methodological characteristics,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4613)
Langmann P, Benesic A, Zilly M, Winzer R, Klinker H;;;; Med. Poliklinik Hepatologie/Infektiologie, Wuerzburg, Germany
There is evidence for a dose-dependent PI-induced dyslipoproteinemia in patients receiving salvage therapy containing lopinavir /r. In this study HIV-positive patients on a stable HAART containing LPV/r were observed for a dose-dependent effect of lopinavir on lipid-levels. Methods: In this prospective, non
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4614)
Chandler B, Owen A, Bray PG, Ward SA, Back DJ, Khoo SH;;;; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Many chemotherapeutic compounds including HIV protease inhibitors are substrates for the membrane bound efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This transporter is expressed in lymphocytes and several other tissues with a tissue distribution similar to the HIV co-receptor CXCR4. Reports implicating expression of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4615)
Lucia MB, Savarino A, Golotta C, Rastrelli E, Malorni W, Cauda R;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is an ATP-binding transporter that plays an important role in HIV infection since it is expressed in immune cells and recognizes as substrates both HIV- protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside analogs. MRP1 is also an efficient transporter of reduced glutathione (G
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4616)
Korzh IV, Fedotova IF, Nemtsova VD;;;; Kharkov Medical University, Kharkov, Ukraine
The objective of this study was to describe changes in immune activation and reconstitution markers among HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing nelfinavir. Methods: We analyzed changes in immune activation and reconstitution markers among 59 patients: 19 (32.1%) treatment
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4617)
Lucia MB, Golotta C, Straface E, Savarino A, Rastrelli E, Malorni W, Cauda R;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a case of acquired drug resistance to multiple classes of chemotherapeutic drugs. This is often associated with an increased expression of membrane transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/P-170) that extrude cytotoxic drugs from the cell. We analyzed this aspect in Kaposi s s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4618)
Bell C, Hughes A, Asher K, Scullard G, Walsh J;;;; St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
The choice of treatment for antiretroviral experienced patients failing their current regimen can be problematic. For such patients innovative strategies such as double boosted protease inhibitor containing regimens have been used. Previous studies have raised concerns about sub-therapeutic plasma levels ob
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4619)
Azoulay S, Nevers MC, Creminon C, Heripret L, Durand J, Dellamonica P, Garaffo R, Grassi J, Guedj R, Duval D;;;; Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique UMR 6001, Nice, France
A better understanding of mechanisms of action of antiretroviral drugs requires a quantification of the concentrations of drugs that are effectively achieved in the plasma and especially in target cells of patients. Methods: We have developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay to measure
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4620)
Cabie A, Lamotte C, Dos Santos G, Pay SM, Abel S, Ouka M, Cesaire R, Liautaud B, Peytavin G;;;; Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Fort-de-France, Fort-de-France, Martinique
to combine virological and pharmacological parameters in a genotypic inhibitory quotient (GIQ) to predict the virological response to LPV/r. Methods: 74 protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients treated with LPV/r (400/100 mg bid) containing regimen were enrolled in an observational prospective cohort. B
It has been occasionally reported that efavirenz (EFV) induces extensively the metabolism of methadone (MET) in HIV+ patients. Independently abacavir (ABC) increases the clearance of MET by 22%. We intended to quantify the induction effect of EFV plus ab
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4622)
Bethell R, Collins P, de Muys J, Lippens J, Hamelin B, Richard A, Sawyer J;;;; Shire Pharmaceuticals, Laval, Canada
SPD754 is a deoxycytidine analogue with promising clinical efficacy against HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral deoxycytidine analogues are substrates for deoxycytidine kinase and may therefore compete with each other for intracellular phosphorylation. SPD754 does not inhibit the phosphorylation of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4623)
Burger DM, Droste JA, Kearney BP, Horssen v P;;;; University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Co-infection with tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients is common. Rifampin (RIF) is the drug of choice for tuberculosis. RIF is known to interact with several HIV-drugs. No data are available on combination of tenof
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4624)
Rendon A, Barrios A, Rodriguez-Novoa S, Gonzalez de Requena D, Rios P, Maida I, Jimenez-Nacher I, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Atazanavir (ATV), the first protease inhibitor (PI) approved to be administered once a day, may improve the lipid profile of HIV+ patients. However, concerns have risen about the risk of hyperbilirrubinemia. Monitoring ATV plasma levels might be useful to identify those patients at higher risk for ATV-relat
SPD754 is a cytidine analogue with promising efficacy over 10 days monotherapy. Cytidine analogues share common pathways for absorption, excretion and in their intracellular anabolism. This study aimed to investigate the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of SPD754 and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4626)
Ferrari I, Mahler EB, Iglesias AM, Giannone C, Fridman D, Serrano JL, Ortiz M, Zini E, Lazovski J;;;; Lab.Bioequivalence and Molecular Biology- University CAECE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
The use of generic drugs assumes importance given the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy in developing countries. Unless manufacture compliance with the WHO standards is followed, therapeutic failure and development of drug resistance may be the outcome following use of poor-quality generic a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4627)
Hawkins T, Veikley W, StClaire R, Hey A, Guyer B, Kearney BP;;;; Southwest CARE Center, Santa Fe, United States
High rates of virologic failure have been observed in a triple nucleoside only (3 NRTI) regimen containing tenofovir DF (TDF), abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine ( 3TC ).
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4628)
Kearney BP, Sayre J, Shah J, Currie G, Cheng A;;;; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States
Tenofovir DF (TDF) is a nucleotide analogue HIV RT inhibitor with activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Co-infection with HBV and/or C virus is frequent in patients wi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4629)
Becker SL, Rodriguez AE, Nadler J, Gallant JE, Song I, Lou Y, Weller S, Lim ML, Liao Q, Shaefer MS;;;; Pacific Horizon Medical Group, San Francisco, United States
High rates of non-response to TDF + ABC/ 3TC prompted early termination of this regimen in ESS30009. Proposed hypotheses to explain this unexpected phenomenon include inadequate plasma or intracellular PK, drug-drug interactions, and a low genetic barrier to resistance. Methods: Before termination of TDF +
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4630)
Raber SR, Amantea MA, Zhou J, Piraino S, Garrett M, Hee B, Ballow C, Pesano R;;;; Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA, United States
CPV, a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), exhibits potent in vitro antiviral activity against most prevalent strains of HIV in NNRTI-experienced patients. Clinical studies evaluating CPV in combination with protease inhibitors , including LPV/r, are ongoing. CPV and LPV/r are metab
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4631)
Raber SR, Amantea MA, Zhou J, Piraino S, Reynolds R, Hee B, Ballow C, Pesano R;;;; Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA, United States
CPV, a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), exhibits potent in vitro activity against HIV variants with RT substitutions including K103N. Clinical trials are investigating CPV in combination with protease inhibitor-containing regimens in NNRTI-experienced and heavily pretreated patie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4632)
Scott JD, Wolfe PR, Quiros J, Behrooznia E, Guyer B, Bolan RK;;;; Western University, Pomona, United States
Tenofovir (TDF) was approved for treatment of HIV-1 in 2001. Pre-approval studies did not show any cases of renal toxicity (RT). A related compound, adefovir (ADF), was shown to cause proximal renal tubulopathy in HIV patients (pts) at daily do
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4633)
Scott JD, Wolfe PR, Quiros J, Behrooznia E, Guyer B, Bolan RK;;;; Western University, Pomona, United States
Tenofovir (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) approved in 2001 for the treatment of HIV infection. It has become a widely used agent in the treatment of HIV, due to its efficacy, tolerability and convenient dosing,.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4634)
Hoetelmans R, Marien K, De Pauw M, Peeters M, Godderis F, Woodfall B, Lefebvre E;;;; Tibotec, Mechelen, Belgium
Open-label, cross-over study to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between TMC114/RTV and tenofovir. Methods: 13 healthy volunteers were randomized into 2 cohorts. In session 1, both cohorts received TMC114/RTV 300/100 mg bid for 6 days, with one dose on day 7, followed by a wash-out period of at l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4635)
Bonora S, Castagna A, Aguilar Marucco DM, Hasson H, Canta F, Sciandra M, D'Avolio A, Gonzalez de Requena D, Veronese L, Sinicco A, Lazzarin A, Di Perri G;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Adequate plasma Ctrough of PIs are required to maintain antiviral activity through the dosing interval. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is suggested on the basis of a large inter-individual and a limited intra-individual variability. Enfurtivide, a fusion inhibitor, is currently being introduced in the cl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4636)
Autar RS, Mahanontharit A, Sankote J, Chuenyam T, Ubolyam S, Kornkitsuwan P, Cooper D, Lange J, Phanuphak P, Burger D, Ruxrungtham K;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross Aids Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
In January 2002, the first TDM service for protease inhibitors (PI) started in Thailand at HIVNAT. In July 2003 measurements of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were added. The objective of this study was to evaluate the request information, the drug levels and the indications of the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4637)
Cressey TR, Leenasirimakul P, Sukrakanchana P, Kunkeaw S, Puttimit C, Tod M, Jourdain G, Lallemant MJ;;;; Harvard School of Public Health/IRD054/Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Indinavir (IDV) dosing is based on studies conducted in western countries. This study compared the pharmacokinetics of IDV 600 mg versus 400 mg bid boosted with 100 mg ritonavir (RTV) as part a Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Thai patients.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4639)
Bonora S, Garazzino S, Almond L, Boffito M, Sciandra M, D'Avolio A, Aguilar Marucco D, Canta F, Caci A, Veronese L, De Rosa F, Sinicco A, Back D, Di Perri G;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Alterations of liver function tests (LFTs) have been reported to be associated with NVP administration. In HIV+ patients (pts) HBV/HCV co-infection is known to be a factor of risk for HAART-related hepatotoxicity. Relationship between NVP plasma concentrations and liver toxicity is still under debate.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4640)
Wolf E, Ruemmelein N, Hoffmann C, Buchberger A, Kuschak D, Kogl C, Tiller FW, Postel N, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H;;;; MUC Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
High NVP plasma drug levels are associated with an improved virological response. However, there is some evidence of an increased rate of adverse events (AEs) like rash or hepatotoxicity in the presence of higher NVP plasma levels. Methods: Ongoing prospective study in HIV-positive pts starting a NVP-contai
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4641)
Luchters SM, Vyankandondera J, Veldhuijzen NJ, Nsanzabera D, Kankindi B, Tuyizere S, Wit FW, Leeuwen van R, Beijnen JH, Muganga N, Lange JM, Boelaert JR;;;; IATEC, International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Chloroquine (CQ) has been used extensively for treatment and prevention of various diseases including malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. CQ has also been shown to have anti-HIV-1 activity both in vitro and in vivo, with an EC50 of 0.2 muM in primary macrophages. CQ is water-soluble and quickly absorbed, reac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4642)
Alexander CS, Montaner JS, Asselin JJ, Ting LS, McNabb K, Harris M, Guillemi S, Harrigan PR;;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Dose changes based on the results of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are only beneficial if the change alters exposure. Here we examine the changes in LPV plasma concentrations after changes in LPV/ ritonavir (RTV) dose observed in a clinical setting for patients receiving twice-daily LPV/RTV.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4643)
Rhame F, Rawlins S, Petruschke R, Erb T, Winchell G, Wilson H, Edelman J, Abramson M;;;; Abbott Northwestern Hospital and Division of Infectious Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
The primary objective was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of indinavir (IDV) when used either in a regimen with low dose ritonavir (RTV) or alone in HIV infected patients. Methods: HIV infected pts on nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhib
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4644)
Haberl A, Hentig N, Carlebach A, Kurowski M, Harder S, Staszewski S;;;; University, Frankfurt, Germany
According to the German-Austrian recommendations for HIV-therapy in pregnancy Nevirapine is considered an important part of antiretroviral therapy and transmission prophylaxis in HIV-positive pregnant women. However little is known about the pharmacokinetics of Nevirapine in this group of patients.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4645)
Lawrence CC, Thomas A, Yuan W, Jones T, Hosein B, Passarelli J;;;; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, United States
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of HIV protease inhibitors like nelfinavir (NFV) can help in maintaining adequate plasma concentrations of the drugs to ensure antiviral efficacy, and in minimizing adverse events due to toxicity. The aim of this study was to develop a fast and sensitive automated method fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4646)
Smith SI, Onibokun HT, Oyegun A, Otunonye N, Agomo C, Uwah A, Adeiga AA, Idigbe EO;;;; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, P.M.B. 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
Little is known about KPA of pharmacists to microbicides as substances that help to inhibit or prevent transmission of HIV and other STI s depending on the type used. Although spermicides are availablein pharmacies in Nigeria and not widely used microbicides are not yet introduced n Nigeria. The study was aimed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4647)
Rabaud C, Valle C, Prazuck T, Christian B, Grandidier M, Beguinot I, Penalba C, Spiridon G;;;; CISIH, Lorraine Champagne Ardenne, France
Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can be offered to persons recently exposed to the risk of HIV infection. PEP must be efficient and well tolerated. Because, tenofovir was proven as efficient when used as PEP in monkeys, we decided to use zidovudine/lamivudine + tenofovir (zl+t) combination as PEP and analyze
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4648)
Opeya CJ, Ayieko BO, Kawango A, Onyango MO, Moses S, Bailey RC, Ndinya-Achola JO, Krieger JN;;;; UNIM Project, Kisumu, Kenya
There is growing interest in male circumcision as a method of reducing HIV transmission. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of male circumcision (MC) to reduce HIV incidence is underway in Kenya . If MC is found to be efficacious in reducing HIV incidence, then the rates and severity of complications must
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4649)
Larsen C, Lot F, Basselier B, Herida M, Semaille C;;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
In April 2003, French recommendations for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) were updated regarding the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV): nelfinavir or ritonavir / lopinavir combination are recommended in association with 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) while
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4650)
Agot K, Bailey RC, Moses S, Maclean IW, Ndinya-Achola JO, Parker CB;;;; University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
Numerous observational studies have found a significant protective effect of male circumcision (MC) against HIV-1 acquisition, but observational studies cannot control for confounding and did not address issues of safety and behavioral disinhibition. Here we report baseline results from the first 677 partic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4651)
Rabaud C, Burty C, Valle C, Prazuck T, Beguinot I, Dorvaux V, Salmon Ceron D, May T;;;; Cisih Lorraine Champagne Ardenne, Nancy, France
Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can be offered to persons recently exposed to the risk of HIV infection. Today, few data are available on the tolerability of such PEP. In the same study conditions, we have successively evaluated tolerability of 3 PEP regimens: zidovudine/lamivudine + nelfivanir combination
In spite of important rates of HIV, HBV, HCV and venereal syphilis agent (Tpp) in general population in Burkina Faso , blood donations are not tested for HCV in routine in blood banks, for economic reasons. However, HIV, HBV and Tpp are detected in each blood donation, simultaneously. In this study we devel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4653)
Speight CG, Mbugua C, Kuria E, Kilonzo N, Onchwari P, Taegtmeyer M;;;; LiverpoolVCT&Care, Nairobi, Kenya
Rape is a significant risk factor for HIV infection. A Situation Analysis in 2003 showed a lack of any coordinated post-rape care services in Kenya . In government hospitals, post-rape care consisted only of treating physical injuries and the inconsistent provision of emergency contraception and counselling. Th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4654)
Garg A, Sinha VR, Zaneveld LJ, Anderson RA, Garg S;;;; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
An abundant, inexpensive and easily available citrus flavonoid, Hesperidin, was sulphonated and the active identified for inhibiting various sexually transmitted pathogens including HIV, based on their hyaluronidase inhibiting (HI) activity. The purified and characterised compound was then formulated into n
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4655)
Thaisri H;;;; National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Transfusion-associated transmission risk of infectious diseases has been reported worldwide. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) has been proved to reduce window period donation of HIV, HBV, and HCV. Recently, window period donation of HIV-1 and HCV among Thai blood donors were reported to be 22 and 12
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4656)
Garg S, Vermani K, Anderson RA, Zaneveld LJ;;;; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
PSS is a novel non-cytotoxic antimicrobial contraceptive agent. Phase I clinical trials of PSS gel (10% w/w) have been successfully completed and additional clinical studies are in progress. Aim of present study was to develop rapidly disintegrating bioadhesive vaginal tablet of PSS and evaluate its efficac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4657)
Mayer KH, Goldhammer H, Cohen D, Grasso C, Bill R, Maldonado A, Fisher A;;;; Fenway Community Health, Boston, United States
Fenway Community Health, the largest center caring for HIV-infected MSM in New England, began an NPEP program in 1997, subsequently evaluating more than 400 pts presenting after a high-risk exposure. Concerns about suboptimal completion rates and side effects with AZT-containing regimens led to a trial of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4658)
Winston A, McAllister J, Cooper D, Carr A;;;; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Many physicians prescribe non-occupational HIV post exposure prophylaxis (NPEP) to individuals after high risk sexual exposure. Furthermore, published surveys reveal more than 75% of physicians would prescribe a triple antiretroviral regimen containing a protease inhibitor (PI). Due to the high incidence of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4659)
[No authors listed]; National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Signal of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) can be increased by using biotinylated tyramide/peroxidase. The amplified EIA can be applied in pooled specimens testing, without losing EIA sensitivity. This study reports an amplified EIA for checking HIV-1 infection of donated blood units that were screened HIV-1 nonrea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4660)
Kutikuppala SR, Rajeswari R, Ramadevi P;;;; Sri Surya Clinic and Research Centre, VISAKHAPATNAM, India
Microbicides that are controlled by female for use during intercourse would change the scenario of HIV transmission particularly in developing countries and empower the women in their sexual priorities. Microbicides emerging as a novel approach in prevention of HIV and STIs. Sixty eight (68%) of new HIV infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4661)
Morar NS, Braunstein SL, Gumede S, Ndlovu G, Friedland B, Ferguson T, van de Wijgert J, Ramjee G;;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
Microbicides may offer HIV-positive persons protection against STIs, and may protect their partners from HIV and other infections. It is important to understand acceptability of potential microbicides to this population. Methods: We assessed acceptability of Carraguard™, the Population Council s lead c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4662)
Braunstein SL, Morar NS, Jones H, Moodley M, Aboobaker J, Ndaba M, Ndlovu G, Ramjee G, van de Wijgert J;;;; Population Council, New York, United States
It is important to know if HIV-positive persons can safely use a potential microbicide. Methods: We assessed safety of Carraguard™, the Population Council s lead candidate microbicide, in a Phase I study among healthy HIV-positive sexually abstinent women and men, and sexually active women (20 per grou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4663)
Powell WI;;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Given the synergy between the STI and HIV epidemics, control of STIs through effective treatment is advocated as one strategy to reduce HIV transmission. Many patients choose private providers for their care. Quality STI management is dependent on provider performance and the structural capacity to provide
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4664)
Salazar JJ, Lambert W, Singler JM, Leandre F, Nevil P, Bertrand D, Claude MS, Bertrand J, Louissaint M, Joanis L, Mukherjee J, Farmer P, Smith Fawzi MC;;;; Harvard Medical School and Partners In Health, Boston, United States
The goals of the study were to: 1) evaluate different empiric algorithms for the identification of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in rural Haiti ; 2) develop an algorithm that is highly sensitive in order to maximize identification and access to treatment in this area; and 3) describe the implications
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4665)
Nelson M, McAllister J, Edwards B, McGuigan D;;;; Albion Street Centre, Sydney, Australia
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) became available in NSW following non-occupational exposures to HIV in 1998. A campaign to promote PEP to those members of the NSW community at increased risk of contracting HIV was developed by government and community organisations. Method: The NSW PEP Hotline, a 24 hours t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4666)
Vicenzi E, Pacciarini F, Piemonti P, Fortis C, Ghezzi S, Zoppetti G, Oreste P, Poli G;;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
Discovery of novel microbicide agents designed to block entry of HIV at mucosal sites should fulfill a number of criteria including a broad activity against transmission of HIV. We have described that a derivative of K5 polysaccharide with high degree of sulfation [K5-N,OS(H)] inhibits HIV-1 entry (E. Vicen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4667)
Zhang H, Oberg B, Bottiger D, Phillips D, Romeo JF, Thom M, Vrang L;;;; Medivir AB, Huddinge, Sweden
Due to biological and social reasons, women suffer a disproportionate burden of AIDS. MIV-150, a tight-binding HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) inhibitor with superior activities against wild type and drug resistant HIV was investigated as a suitable candidate for vaginal use to effectively block HIV tran
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4668)
McCoombe SG, Short RV, Maslin CL, Crowe SM;;;; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
There is no doubt that an acceptable, affordable, safe and effective vaginal microbicide is urgently needed to protect women from HIV transmission. Lemons and limes are indigenous to South East Asia, and have been used intravaginally as an effective contraceptive for several centuries. The contraceptive eff
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4669)
Fernandes N;;;; East Timor Red Cross, Dili, East Timor
Actual prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS infection in East Timor is not known and reported cases have been low. Nevertheless, as a new nation which only became independent in 1999, factors that could dramatically increase the infection rate - poverty, social conflicts, high illiteracy rate, lack of educational facili
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4670)
Christofides NJ, Muirhead D, Penn-Kekana L, Jewkes RK, Conco ND;;;; Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
Sexual assault and HIV infection are highly prevalent in South Africa . In April 2002 the government announced that post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent the transmission of HIV would be made available in the public health service. How this service should be integrated into sexual assault services have
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4671)
Casabona J, Almeda J, Marincovich B, Rey D, Puro V, Van Den Hoek A, Bernasconi E, Bergin C, Sadler K, Garcia F, De Wit S, Marcus U, Tomazic J, Smith E, Mota-Miranda A, Lazanas M, Schmied B; CEESCAT. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
There is no scientific evidence on the effectiveness of NONOPEP, but it has become a common practice and several European countries have implemented guidelines. The objective of this study is to describe the pattern of demand and ARV prescription of NONOPEP in Europe. Methods: In April 2000 an European Regi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4672)
Ferreira EF, Trigueiros DT, Bueno RB, Abbate CA, Mesquita FM, Vieira R, Alfaia S;;;; STD/AIDS Coordination of Sao Paulo city health department, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Sao Paulo is a mega city with a population of, approximately, 11 million inhabitants and is responsible for 20% of the AIDS cases in Brazil . It is know that an important number of AIDS cases are due to the share of needles among drug users. Setting: In September of 2001, the Harm Reduction Project of the City o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4673)
Latkin CA, Hua W, Davey M;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Peer education is a critical approach to HIV prevention. Use of voluntary peer outreach workers is an economical method for developing sustainable HIV prevention intervention that can reach hidden populations. Little is know about the characteristics of effective voluntary peer outreach workers. Methods: Th
Mandatory testing of blood by anti-HIV ELISA was introduced in India in 1989. Despite its implementation, transfusion-associated HIV infection continues to occur during window period. The study was carried out to know the association of HIV and Blood transfusio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4675)
Gutierrez EB, Lopes MH, Yasuda MS;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases of the Hospital das Clinicas of the School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Objective and design: The most important means to prevent occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is to avoid exposure to potentially contaminated blood and/or body fluids at the work place.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4676)
Amone J;;;; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Introduction: Reproductive health is one of the cornerstones of health and a major determinant of human social development. Young people living in refugee or displaced camps have a lot of stress due to exposure to traumatic conditions. Insurgency exposes adolescents, to a possibility of acquiring STI including HIV/AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4677)
Leskovsek EL;;;; Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
In 1991 the group of different professionals, drug users and volunteers founded one of the first NGO in Central Europe for help, self-help, information and advice on drugs and AIDS. The idea of harm reduction approach in drug field in Slovenia was developed, practised and advocated around the state also in the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4678)
Mugabo P;;;; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
A retrospective study was conducted in 2002 in the Metropole region of Cape Town in order to assess: (1) the status of sexual assault; (2) the presence and association of factors known to increase the risk of HIV transmission in the rape survivors: presence of STIs in the survivor, significant trauma to survivor, ejacu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4680)
Temoshok LR, Wald RL;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States
Improvements in clinical outcomes among disadvantaged populations have been slow to follow expanded access to improved treatment regimens. In parallel, the incidence of HIV is increasing most steeply in the US among disadvantaged communities. Methods: A structured interview to assess transmission risk behav
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeB4681)
Howe CJ, Fuller CM, Ompad D, Galea S, Vlahov D;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Non-injecting drug users (non-IDUs) have been reported to have Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence levels significantly higher than that of the general population. This elevated HCV prevalence amongst noninjectors has yet to be explained. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst street-recruite
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4682)
Manosuthi W, Sungkanuparph S, Vibhagool A, Kiertiburanakul S, Atamasirikul K, Aumkhyan A, Thakkinstian A;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV share the route of transmission. HBV or HCV co-infection with HIV has been associated with a reduced survival rate, increase the risk of progression to severe liver disease, and increase the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with active antiretrovira
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4683)
Masgala A, Nikolopoulos G, Paraskeva D, Arvanitis M;;;; Hellenic Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, Athens, Greece
To assess the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) as AIDS Defining Condition (ADC) compared to the incidence of Pneumonocystis Cariini Pneumonia ( PCP ) and HIV wasting syndrome in Greece through the years 1993-2003 Methods: Retrospective study.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4684)
Blank MB, Metzger D, Rothbard A, Min SY, Thompson W;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
A recent study by investigators focusing on Medicaid recipients in Philadelphia found the treated prevalence of HIV among with a serious mental illness (SMI) diagnosis to be 3.7% (Blank et al., 2002). Opportunistic infections (OI s) remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with advance
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4685)
Wolfe M, Hanson DL, Teshale EH, Brooks JT, Kaplan JE, Aponte Z, Sullivan PS;;;; Atlanta, United States
The US government aims to have 95% of eligible Americans receiving primary MAC prophylaxis by 2010. We analyzed data from a large cohort of HIV-infected persons in care to determine current coverage and reasons for gaps. Methods: We used CDC s ASD project, a medical records-based observational cohort study,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4687)
Charalambous S, Magadla B, Moloi V, Seabi O, Von Gottberg A, Wasas A, Klugman K, Chaisson RE, Churchyard GJ, Grant AD;;;; Aurum Health Research, Orkney, South Africa
Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity in HIV infection, with Streptococcus pneumoniae the most frequent causative pathogen. We investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and carriage of resistant organisms among HIV-infected miners in South Africa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4688)
Voss JG, Corless IB, Nicholas PK, Bunch EH, Coleman C, Dole PJ, Eller LS, Hamilton MJ, Holzemer WL, Kemppainen JK, Kirksey KM, Nokes KM, Sefcik EF, Tsai YF;;;; NIH, NINDS, Bethesda, MD, United States
Persons living with HIV/AIDS are challenged to manage fatigue related to the disease, treatments, and co-morbidities. Symptom management for fatigue includes the prevention, assessment, and treatment of symptoms. This study explores the impact of fatigue on activities of daily life and adherence to ARV medi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4689)
Gebhardt MD;;;; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the risk for most AIDS-defining diseases (ADDs), but with differential effects. On a population level, the disease spectrum depends in part on exposure to infectious agents. The objective was to evaluate changes in the disease spectrum of new AIDS cases in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4691)
Reniero AM, Vargas M, Lopez B, Simboli N, Barrera L, Ritacco V;;;; Hospital Central de San Isidro, Acassuso, Argentina
To examine the distribution of Mycobacterium avium Complex ( MAC ) genotypes among isolates from HIV-infected patients in Argentina . Methods: The study included all clinical isolates identified as MAC among all mycobacterial cultures from HIV-infected patients submitted for typing to a national reference l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4692)
Sanjobo N;;;; University, Kitwe, Zambia
TB is one of the most important opportunistic infections among inmates with HIV/AIDS. The emergence of HIV among the prisons population has increased susceptibility to TB. Kamfinsa Prison is the largest prison in Zambia . It was built over 40 years ago with a capacity to hold about 300 inmates. The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4693)
Dugar M, Mathai D, Abraham OC, Thomas K;;;; Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
India has 3.48 million people with HIV/AIDS. We studied the pattern of opportunistic and other infections in HIV infected individuals and estimate their frequency of occurrence. Methods: Individuals (age >12 years) with HIV/AIDS, not on antiretroviral therapy and attending the internal medicine or infectiou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4694)
Gill DA, Lieberman RM, Fischer RM;;;; Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, N.Y., United States
In an effort to assure quality ophthalmic care for all HIV positive patients at our center, a collaborative effort was undertaken between the Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology departments (I. D./EYE). An ongoing clinic was established in which all HIV positive individuals were to be given full ophthalmic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4695)
Siripattanapipong S, Mungthin M, Worapong J, Leelayoova S, Tan-ariya P;;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
The information regarding genotypic data of Pneumocystis jiroveci, which causes Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP ) in both HIV- and non-HIV-infected Thai patients is not available. Thus, it is our attempt to investigate the genotypes of this organism in HIV-infected Thai patients. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavag
HIV is prevalent in Cambodia with 5% of cases likely to be in those under 18 years. The HIV clinic has seen 112 children since 2001 and started to provide Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in 2003, courtesy of MSF. Method: Through a retrospective chart review of all HIV-infected children seen in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4697)
Summanapan S, Yamada N, Yoshiyama T, Uthaivoravit W, Nampaisan O, Komsakorn S, Akarasewi P, Nateniyom S, Yanai H;;;; Chiang Rai Provincial Health Office, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Backgrounds: This study described the epidemiological trend of tuberculosis (TB) in the area which had seen a HIV epidemic in the 1990s. Methods: A population-based surveillance of tuberculosis was set up and provincial TB registry data since 1987 including treatment outcome was computerized. HIV voluntary counseling/t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4698)
Deshmukh SD, Dabir PD, Jadhav MV, Kakrani AL, Kadam DB, Rane SR, Bhore AV, Phadke MA;;;; B.J.Medical College Pune, PUNE, India
In India there is high HIV/AIDS prevalence population in cities like Pune. Various opportunistic infections(OI) affect different organs/systems. Aautopsy studies give an insight into the pathology specially by the infective agents, influencing the morbidity and mortality patterns in various geographic areas
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4699)
Msandiwa R, Martinson N, Hausler H, Barnes GL, Botha J, McIntyre J, Gray G, Chaisson RE;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV in the world. Antenatal HIV prevalence in Soweto in 2002 was 31%. HIV has fuelled the TB epidemic in South Africa with 224,000 cases treated in 2002. We report the prevalence of active TB in HIV-infected ambulatory people with positive TST. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4700)
Grey DD, Cook JA, Cohen MH, Burke JK, Bacon M, Sacks H, Simpson KN;;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
Given evidence that HAART use lowers treatment costs for other medical interventions, this study examined the effect of HAART use on costs of newly diagnosed disease episodes among a cohort of U. S. HIV+ women. Methods: Data on 1440 women come from the 6-site, Women s Interagency HIV Study. Reports of AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4701)
Ali AS, Wiafe S, Pfisterer M;;;; ESRI, Redlands, CA, United States
The Diflucan Partnership Program is an access initiative that involves donating free Diflucan (fluconazole) for HIV/AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis and esophageal candidiasis as well as training for health care providers in the diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections. The program has
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4702)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Despite HAART,AIDS still occur,mostly in patients (p) who missed or neglected their HIV serostatus. Methods: Prospective observational study of all AIDS p notified during 2001-2003, with their epidemiologic-clinical correlates compared with those of all AIDS diagnoses carried out in the pre-HAART decade 198
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4703)
Begovac J, Lisiae M, Skerlev M;;;; University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
Croatia is a South-Eastern European developing country with a low level HIV-epidemic and a centralized system of care for HIV/AIDS, so all patients are treated at one institution. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of patients after AIDS in the pre-HAART era 1986-1996 to the early HAART era 1
Three-quatters of PLHA who receive care, treatment and daily follow-up at Ruban Rouge care center (Centre Plus) in Yopougon district (Abidjan) come from lower income groups. Most of them live in shanty towns and slums overburdened with tradition which lack such basic amenities as clean water, sanitation, ga
The extent to which virological, immunological, and clinical outcomes can be improved by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in antiretroviral-naive patients at late stage of HIV infection remains to be studied. Methods: We followed 858 consecutively enrolled HIV-infected patients between June 1994
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4706)
Muhwezi E, Wabwire-Mangen F, Najjemba R, Rutaremwa G, Lwanga JB;;;; Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa, Kampala, Uganda
Introduction: In the advent of enhanced HIV/AIDS care with Antiretroviral drugs and opportunistic infection prophylaxis, there is a general concern that this could lead to complacency in behaviour. A survey was therefore carried out in April 2003, with the objective of generating credible evidence of HIV/AIDS practices
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4708)
Bastos FI, Petersen M, Ranton A, Hacker MA;;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Universal access to anti-retroviral therapy was established by Brazilian federal law in November 1996, a period roughly coincident with the launching of potent antiretroviral therapy (HAART) worldwide. The implementation of this law was almost immediate in well-structured health systems and among motivated
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4709)
Lauria LM, Saraceni V, Durovni B;;;; Rio de Janeiro City Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The AIDS-related mortality has declined in Rio de Janeiro City in more than 50% from 1995 to 2002. The fact is related both to the availability of HAART, which in Brazil is distributed free of charge to all HIV/AIDS patients, and to access to diagnosis. This study aimed to verify whether there is an associa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4710)
Manoharan G;;;; Perundurai Medical College, Perundurai, India
Mortality due to HIV related diseases is presumed to be the leading cause of death. Materials and Methods: Mortality data in 2535 HIV inpatients out of 11,899 out patients, during the period from January 1998 to June 2003 is studied retrospectively. The demographic features and opportunistic infection profi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4711)
Murray JM;;;; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
There has been concern that widely available highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Sub-Saharan Africa will give rise to high levels of drug resistance due to poor adherence. Methods: The impact of HAART on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is assessed through mathematical modelling. Scen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4712)
Del Amo J, Muga R, Perez-Hoyos S, Ferreros I, Cayla J, Del Romero J, Guerrero R, Hernandez-Aguado I;;;; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
Tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest AIDS defining condition (ADC) in Spain since the beginning of HIV-epidemic. However, a drastic reduction in AIDS rates has been well documented after 1997 when highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced. The aim of this study is to analyse how the irruptio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4713)
Rinck G, Tatt ID, Murphy G, Clewley JP, Barlow KL, Brown AE, Gill ON, Parry JV;;;; Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Virus Laboratory, Health Protection Agency Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, London, United Kingdom
The Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme in E/W/NI provides access to specimens from undiagnosed HIV infections which cannot be obtained in any other way. It can therefore complement cohort studies of patients undergoing treatment. The subset of specimens from MSM with incident infections is p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4714)
Koukounari A, Mandalia S, Baily G, Brettle R, Fisher M, Gompels M, Kinghorn G, McCarron B, Ong E, Pozniak A, Tang A, Youle M, Gazzard B, Beck EJ;;;; NPMS-HHC Coordinating Analytic Centre C&W Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Objectives: To investigate factors associated with CD4 count responses to HAART. Methods: Between 1996 and 2000, data on CD4 counts, HAART prescribed, ethnic group, gender, CDC stage of HIV infection and size of clinic were obtained from 10 NPMS-HHC clinics. They were analyzed using hierarchical linear models. Level-1
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4715)
Soares EA, Santos RP, Martinez AM, Santos AF, Souza TM, Sprinz E, Silveira J, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Soares MA;;;; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Most of the research in HIV-1 antiretrovirals and drug resistance mutations (DRM) was conducted in developed countries where subtype B predominates. Little is known about the impact of antiretroviral drugs on non-B subtypes of HIV-1 in terms of the nature and kinetics of DRM development. Methods: We have an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4716)
Frederick T, Mascola L, Hsu HW, Melville SK, Ortiz IR, Peters VB, Earp M, Dominguez KL;;;; Los Angeles County Dept. of Health Services, Los Angeles, United States
The incidence of pediatric AIDS has declined dramatically nationwide due to potent combination antiretroviral treatment and reduction of perinatal HIV transmission. We report on trends in non-AIDS HIV-related symptoms (HSXs) among HIV-infected children and adolescents reported to the Pediatric Spectrum of H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4717)
Auvert B, Males S, Puren A, Taljaard D, Carael M, Williams B;;;; INSERM, Paris, France
To estimate the proportion of people who would be eligible for combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and hence to evaluate the potential impact of providing HAART on the spread of HIV-1 under WHO guidelines, in a South African township with a high prevalence of HIV-1. Methods: A community-based, cross-se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4718)
Petersen ML, Hacker M, Renton A, Bastos FI;;;; University of California, Berkeley, United States
Brazil has provided a wide spectrum of HIV care since the early days of the epidemic, including universal free access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) beginning in December 1996. The clinical presentation of AIDS in other nations changed significantly as HIV care improved. The few published analyses that hav
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4719)
Losina E, Wolfe MI, Sax PE, Weinstein MC, Seage GR III, Goldie SJ, Walensky RP, Sullivan P, Paltiel AD, Kaplan J, Freedberg KA;;;; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
While the overall impact of HAART on decreasing OI incidence is well established, it remains unclear whether HAART exerts a reduction in OI incidence independent of CD4 cell count. We used data from the ASD, a medical record-based longitudinal study of HIV-infected patients in 10 US cities to: 1) Estimate t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4720)
Strathdee SA, Vlahov D, Galai N, Safaeian M, Lin M, Sterling TR;;;; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
In studies of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), analyses restricted to HAART era comparisons of those treated with and without HAART typically report effectiveness lower than that estimated for efficacy trials. Limited attention has been devoted to this apparent discrepancy. Method: HIV-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4721)
Petoumenos K;;;; On behalf of The Australian HIV Observational Database
To investigate the long-term CD4 cell response in patients receiving HAART in the presence or absence of sustained positive virological response. Method: Analyses were based on patients who were recruited to the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) up to September 2003, commenced HAART after 1 Januar
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4722)
Lampinen TM, Baggaley R, Garnett G, Gataric N, Schechter MT, Montaner J, Hogg RS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Interruption and delayed administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among asymptomatic HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) having CD4>200 and plasma HIV RNA (pVL) levels
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4723)
May MT, Sterne JA;;;; On behalf of the ART Cohort Collaboration
With increasing time since HAART became widely available in industrialised countries, information on the baseline factors that continue to be prognostic some years after initiation of HAART is needed by HIV-1 infected patients and their physicians. Methods: We used data from the ART Cohort Collaboration (19
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4724)
Bhaskaran K;;;; For CASCADE Collaboration
Although the risk of AIDS has decreased since HAART was introduced, this decrease may be variable across different AIDS-defining conditions and sub-groups of infected individuals. Methods: We used pooled data from persons with well-documented times of HIV seroconversion and considered time from seroconversi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4725)
Antinori A, Uccella I, Larussa D, Lorenzini P, Giancola ML, Bossolasco S, Grisetti S, Bongiovanni M, Finazzi MG, Moretti F, Vigo B, Del Grosso B, Loiacono L, Guaraldi G, Ammassari A, Mussini C, d'Arminio Monforte A, Cingolani A, Cinque P;;;; IRCCS L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
HAART could reduce incidence of HIV-related neurological diseases, even though the patterns of these disorders were not yet exhaustively assessed in the last years of HAART impact. Methods: Longitudinal evaluation on a national cohort of HIV patients (pts) with neurologic diseases. Results: From January 200
To know the demographic characteristics of the new cases of HIV-1 infection allow to identify modifiable risk factors for transmission and to design prevention strategies. We analyze whether has changed the profile of patients diagnosed of Primary HIV-1 Infection (PHIVI) using as cut off the year 1996 when
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4727)
Aponte Z, Hanson D, Campsmith M, Wolfe M;;;; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
HIV-infected persons may be treated with numerous antiretroviral drugs; studies examining effects of these drugs require accurate information about persons medication history. This analysis of linked chart review and interview data assessed agreement between antiretroviral therapy (ART) documented from medi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4728)
Carrascal A, Singaravelu K, Tsui D, Chesnut T, Stephens PC;;;; New York State Department of Health, Albany, United States
Recent studies have shown the decline in AIDS-defining malignancies among the HIV/AIDS population since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy and an increase of other non-AIDS defining cancers. The objective of this study is to observe these trends among people living with HIV/AIDS in New York State. M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4729)
Udofia UR;;;; Ciscghan, Lagos, Nigeria
In Nigeria , unprotected penetrative sexual intercourse is the major transmission mode of HIV infection. Prevalence rate of young people is 5.9%female and 3.0%male all within the age bracket 15-24years, the female rate above the national prevalent rate of 5.8%. young people in Nigeria lack knowledge of sexual b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4730)
Pkhakadze G;;;; University of Madras, Chennai, India
This study establishes a link between poverty, migrant labour and HIV/STI, in Dadeldhura District, a poor and remote hill area of Nepal . Methodology: The methodology was cross-sectional with a detailed questionnaire for 303-respondents(141-migrants, 162-non-migrants), focus group discussions, case studies,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4731)
Badaru SO, Ariyo FK, Oyewole FC, Ajayi GO, Omilabu SA;;;; Virology Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Although transmission of HIV through blood transfusion is one of the major mode in Nigeria apart from transmission through heterosexual intercourse and mother-to-child. It has remained relatively low stable for years even though greater awareness campaigns have been carried out. Methods: Demographic data wa
Problem: Despite the efforts of traditional leaders and development campaigns, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to spread among young people at a rate of 600 new infections per day in cameroon. Objectives: To develop the abilities of young people to gain knowledge,find solutions and identified actions reduce the spread
One male occupation that appears to be associated with increased risk of HIV infection is long distance truck driving,a professoin that requires prolonged absence from home and families. With this background this study was conducted at jamnagar,gujrat,india among truck drivers to study the relationof variou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4734)
Ajayi OO, Okoro OD, Pius AM, Ehigie NR, Joel M;;;; Youth Action Rangers of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
In Nigeria , sexually active young people are at risk to HIV infection. 2002 national sero-prevalence survey result shows that young people are involved in higher risk behaviour that predispose them to reproductive health problems. In order to stop the alarming trend of HIV/AIDS among young people, comprehensiv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4735)
Rogala C, Tyden T;;;; RFSU Swedish Association for Sexuality Education, Stockholm, Sweden
Introduction: Knowledge about young peoples sexual experience should have an influence on preventive work in the area of sexuality. Objectives: The objectives of this study was to examine if there were differences between young men and women who visited the RFSU-clinic (Swedish Association for Sexuality Education) in S
Young people account for 1/2 of the total HIV infection rate in the world. About 6000 infections occurs everyday among this age group of 15-24 years. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had devastating effects on African youth, most of whom lack access to information and services in the area of HIV/AIDS, STIs, Reproducti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4737)
Omondi EO;;;; Family Planning Association of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
addressed: The project aims at providing and scalling up rapidly, VCT services to young people aged 15-26, involving the infecred youth into project implementation and referring those with opportunistic infections for treatment through a network of peer educators and friends of the youth and strengthening colla
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4738)
Gongora DV, Macagnany J, Souza TD, Baptista MV, Cuzziol AM, Viodres ST, Accacio SR, Andrade AC, Gongora-Rubio F;;;; Hospital de Base - Funfarme/ Infectious Diseases Department - Famerp, Sao Jose do Rio Preto -SP, Brazil
Sexual abuse has a strong impact on the physical and psychosocial health of victims. Among the main health problems are physical injury, the unwanted pregnancy, STD/AIDS and psychological disorders. The aim of this work is to evaluate clinical and epidemiological data of medical interviews performed in a In
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4739)
Kaiser R, Kedamo T, Lane J, Kessia G, Handzel T, Downing R, Nambogga R, Marum E, Ahoy B, Salama P, Mermin J, Brady W, Spiegel P;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
The impact of the 20-year conflict in South Sudan on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is unknown. Methods: In November 2002 and April 2003, CDC conducted 2-stage cluster surveys for HIV/STI and behavioral surveillance in the general population aged 15-49 years in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4740)
Samad A;;;; Institution, Dhaka, Bangladesh
The HIV/AIDS is a global crisis. The epidemic has already taken lives of 22 millions people and another 40 million are living with HIV/AIDS. 42 million HIV infected persons world wide are in their early twenties. Many of them have acquired their first HIV infection before 18 years age. Young people of 14-24 yea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4741)
Joshi SD, Pandit N, BK SK, Yadav P, Joshi PR;;;; Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Jorpati, Nepal
Youth are at the center of global HIV/AIDS risk. Nepal is documented as concentrated epidemic region. Here is high risk of HIV spreading in other population from high-risk group. To examine & evaluate youth knowledge, attitudes, practices, behaviors, capacity building strategy about HIV/AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4742)
Isaac WE, Massa AA, Emily M, Iliya II;;;; Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
To determine HIV/AIDS knowledge and Sexual risk behaviour High school adolescents. Method: Questionnaire/interview to 845 students. Results: There were 421 males and 424 females.676 (80%) have heard of HIV/AIDS through Radio 261 (31%), health worker 245 (29%) and friends 118 (14%). 616 (73%) have heard of A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4743)
Isaac WE, lawali M;;;; Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
To determine sexual behaviour amongst commercial motorcyclists (CMC). Substantial monetary returns may have engendered risky sexual behaviour. Method: Interview and Questionnaire for 500 commercial motor cyclists in Zamfara, North West, Nigeria . Results: All CMC were men. 166 (33%) were aged 20-24years. 45
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4744)
Masembe P;;;; UNYPA, Kampala, Uganda
Aids has generated humanitarian crisis in Uganda that has threatened the social foundation of society especially as safety network structures that used to care for vulnerable members, many orphans are living under very difficult circumstances and they are missing out education, health care services and lac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4745)
Kassa N;;;; Alemaya University, Ethiopia
Precarious sexual behavior (Knowledge, Attitude and practice) is the sole reason for spread of HIV/AIDS. Regarding this comprehensive survey was not done in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia . It is thought that among school adolescents there are good knowledge and healthier attitude to wards prevention of HIV/AIDS d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4746)
Strazza L, Boccia LR, Luz MA, Azevedo RS, Carvalho HB, Massad E;;;; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
In 2003, Santo Eduardo s Church, Sao Paulo City, Brazil , has invited our group to establish a preventive program to reduce sexual risk transmission of STD/AIDS among disadvantaged women living at slave near the church. This program has enrolled poor women receiveing a basic food basket monthly. Objectives:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4747)
Vitavasiri C, Kendornfake S, Tapayantra M, Chumjinda U, Pantu C;;;; Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
In the past several years, more than 800 persons were sent to the Police General Hospital annually for verification of sexual offense. One third were a child under 15 years old. These children are susceptible to sexual transmitted diseases, the most lethal is HIV infection. The best one can offer is to pres
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4748)
Pierre R, Swaby P, Sue-Ho R, Norman L;;;; University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
To develop a model for HIV/AIDS prevention through innovative education, and risk analysis among Jamaican High School students. Methods: 17,850 students age 10-20 years attending secondary schools were evaluated during the period April 1, 2001 to October 26, 2002. Through participation in an interactive Maz
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4749)
McKay M, Bell C, Bhana A, Petersen I;;;; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
The extent of the HIV epidemic requires that scientists across the globe join forces and collaborate internationally in the development of evidence based programs to prevent new infections. This presentation focuses on one international collaboration where a family-based prevention approach to decr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4750)
Jedlicka JF, Kubatova A, Bruckova M, Kondrova D, Mruskovicova L;;;; National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
One of the effective approaches towards adolescents and their safe sexual behaviour seems to be an open and interactive dialogue on sex-related issues with young people. Nationwide STD/HIV preventive project called Game against AIDS represents a good example of a project focused on knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4751)
Rahdert ER, Francis RW, Young PA, Stultz NA;;;; NOVA Research Company, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
The aim of the research was to develop a reliable, valid, brief, adolescent-appropriate English-language self-report HIV/STD risk-of-exposure screen for use in survey research and in prevention, intervention, and treatment. The HIV/STD risk screen (scale) was configured like the widely utilized 10-problem-a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4752)
Bagali SS;;;; Lecturer, Bijapur, India
The present study was conducted for a period of one year, from March 2002 to February 2003 at Mastmardi and Santibastwad villages,During the study period, house-to-house visits was done and all the married men in the age group 21 to 44 in the study village and equal number of married men in control villages were interv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4753)
Tefera ZD;;;; MSF-Holland, Lagos General Hospital. (Previously affiliated with the Family Guidance Assocation of Ethiopian, Lagos, Nigeria
VCT is a central component and a key entry point for a comprehensive national or lower level HIV/AIDS prevention and care programs. To this end VCT service data are essential to provide refined information to direct programs and improve service provision. Objectives: The objective of this study is to descri
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4754)
Wen LM, O'connor CC, Rissel C, Shaw M;;;; Central Sydney Health Promotion Unit, Sydney, Australia
Improving people s knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) is one of the major health promotion strategies for prevention of HIV and AIDS. However, most reported changes in STI and BBV related knowledge in Australia have been based on English speaking population
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4755)
Cheng YM, Li Y, Wang XM, Xu SQ, Zhang L;;;; National Research Institute for Family Planning, China, Beijing, China
Objectives: To investigate knowledge, attitude, behavior and needs related to AIDS prevention and condom use in order to provide scientific basis for integrating AIDS prevention into regular family planning services (FPS). Methods: From October to November 2003, We investigated 800 women in two townships (Wulong and Hu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4756)
Singh S, Fukuda H, Rasania SK, Bhalla S, Ingle GK, Tatara K;;;; Department of Community Medecine Vardhman Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Dehli, India
The Indian government called for zero level growth in HIV/AIDS by 2007 as per national health policy 2002 by applying appropriate intervention, so this study examines the impact of community based intervention on Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS in antenatal women and condom usage by their spouses in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4757)
Ochieno A, Wanyonyi A;;;; Bungoma Organisation for the Empowerment of Women (BOEW), Bungoma, Kenya
The project targets low income women because their standards of living are poor and they can easily indulge in commercial sex to earn their living. They also lacl adequate on HIV/AIDS and STIs Bungoma Organization for the Empowerment Women (BOEW) is a local NGO that operates in Bungoma District, We
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4758)
Dias S, Matos M, Goncalves A;;;; Instituto Higiene e Medicina Tropical/CMDT - Universidade Nova de LIsboa, LIsboa, Portugal
There is recognition of the need to examine development, cultural, and environmental variables contributing to both risk and protective behaviors related to adolescents sexual behavior and risk behaviors concerning HIV/AIDS. Methods: The study utilized data, between 1998 and 2002, collected through self-adm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4759)
Lucho ML, Jeri FR;;;; Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
Many factors contribute to the dissemination of the HIV epidemic in Peru such as ignorance, poverty, unemployment, overcrowding, promiscuity,stresses, migrations and repatriations, as well as somatic and psychiatric disorders. In this work we have studied the influence of drug addiction as a predisponent fa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4760)
Chi S;;;; CARE International in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
CARE runs a Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health (RH) Program in 25 factories targeting over 50,000 workers. Vulnerability due to migration linked with misconceptions about sexual health issues & lack of awareness of appropriate health services increases the factory workers sexual health risks. The program
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4761)
Miranda AE, Szwarcwald CL, Page-Shafer K;;;; Universidade Federal Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
Female adolescents are a vulnerable group to STI and HIV. Objectives: To describe the patterns of risk behavior, knowledge and perceptions related to HIV risk and condom use among female adolescents, 15 to 19 years, living in Vitoria, Brazil . Methods: This study was a single stage, population based, door-t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4762)
Santibanez SS, Sofronova R, Nelson RJ, Abdul-Quader AS, Garfein RS, Vitek C, Gusseynova N, Molotilov VF, Paxton LA;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta GA, United States
Russia is experiencing one of the world s fastest growing HIV epidemics. Although most HIV cases in Russia have been among male injection drug users (IDUs), there is increasing concern about heterosexual transmission. Some international agencies have employed a three-part strategy that encourages A delaye
The problems of education, employment and especially of health in particular of HIV/AIDS and early pregnancies, forced marriages will evolve only if the young people become a priority target of the programs of development. But much more than one target, the young people can be decisive actors of the change. Thi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4764)
Rogala C, Tyden T;;;; RFSU-Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
Primary and secondary prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI) is a demanding public health challenge, especially in the light of the global HIV/Aids-epidemic. Different factors such as religion, legislation, health politics, financial opportunities and culture have an impact on human sexual beha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4765)
Sangowawa AO, Owoaje ET, Faseru B;;;; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
At the end of 2001, about 3.5 million adults and children were estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria and the disease is still spreading. Children with disabilities constitute a vulnerable group. The numerically most common disability among children in Nigeria is deafness (30%). Children with heari
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4767)
Ayub M;;;; DOST Welfare Foundation, Peshawar, Pakistan
Peshawar is a historical city of Pakistan bordering with the tribal belt between Pakistan and Afghanistan . In Peshawar sexuality is a taboo topic. To have friends of opposite or same sex and sexual contacts with them, though hidden, but exist among young people. Youth are curious with their own developing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4768)
Tumwesigye NM;;;; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Objectives were to establish existence of episodes of abstinence and condom use in the youth s sexual life and to describe the episodes. HIV prevalence is still at epidemic proportions. Methods: A survey was carried out in August 2003 using an Event History Calendar and a questionnaire. The former was used
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4769)
Liu KL, Peters V, Brooks A, Mapson C, Browne S, McFarlane K, Thomas P, Dominguez K;;;; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, United States
To describe the epidemiology of adolescents currently living with HIV in New York City (NYC). Methods: We used data on living HIV-infected adolescents (aged 13-21 years as of October 2003) reported to NYC HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease project. Results: Among 1,506 adoles
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4770)
Uwintwaza E, Wakana J, Barihuta T;;;; National Aids Council, Bujumbura, Burundi
Different surveys on social behavior carried out in Burundi have attested to the existence of early sexual relations. Sexual relations can begin as early as the age of 10. To wit, we have had cases of undesired pregnancies and of sexually-transmitted infections in the youth category. However, there exists a HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4771)
Kiwanuka N, Gray R, Serwadda D, Kigozi G, Watya S, Wawer M;;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
To assess acceptability, safety, and healing of circumcision HIV negative and HIV positive men in preparation for main circumcision trial. Methods: In two complementary randomized trials of male circumcision for HIV prevention, men were invited to a central clinic and community-based clinics for education, a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4772)
Sopheab H, Phalkun M, Chhi Vun M, Vannarith C, Sirivongrangson P;;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
In 2003, in the northwestern Cambodia province of Banteay Meanchey (BMC), a five-year demonstration project was started in which several HIV prevention and care strategies have been implemented or expanded. To collect baseline data for monitoring and evaluation, we conducted an integrated sentinel survey fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4773)
Franklin G, Phiri CN, English G, MacCormick N, Piot S;;;; MTV Networks International, London, United Kingdom
Today, the Staying Alive campaign is the single-largest ongoing global HIV/AIDS education initiative exclusively directed at young people. Media has been used globally as a means to reach large numbers of people over vast geographical regions. Young people, who are most vulnerable to HIV infection, are easily r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4774)
Agot K, Agot BO, Agingu WO, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bukusi EA;;;; UNIM Project, Kisumu, Kenya
The culture of widow inheritance (WI) practiced in many African communities is assumed to increase the spread of HIV. However, the practitioners believe that WI checks the spread of the virus by limiting the number of sexual partners of widows. We present preliminary baseline data on sexual behavior and HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4775)
Oguntoye OE;;;; Nigeria Union of Teachers HIV-AIDS Prevention Unit, Llupeju, Lagos, Nigeria
Inaccesibility to adequate information and education on adolescent sexual and reproductive health is still a major problem among youths in Nigeria and this is more worrisome with the issue of HIV&AIDS. Peer education (PE) strategy was used to reach in-school youths on HIV infection prevention in Lagos State
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4776)
Fergus S, Zimmerman MA;;;; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, United States
Adolescence and the transition to adulthood are developmental periods when experimentation with and adoption of new roles and behaviors occurs. Understanding sexual risk behavior trajectories during these periods, and their demographic predictors, will help to develop HIV prevention interventions. Method: W
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4777)
Locke TF, Newcomb MD, Goodyear RK;;;; UCLA- Dept of Psychology, Los Angeles, United States
In the United States , Latin Americans are at disproportionate risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. Latinos (men) comprise approximately 13% of the U. S. population, they represent approximately 20% of new AIDS cases per year, with an incidence rate about three times that of Whites. (CDCP, 2001). Furt
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4778)
Lin D, Li X, Fang X, Wang J, Mao R, Yang H, Liu H, Stanton B;;;; Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Global literature has suggested a positive relationship between alcohol use and risk sexual behaviors. However, little data are available regarding this issue among Chinese rural-to-urban migrants, who may be particularly at risk for alcohol abuse and risky sexual behaviors. Accordingly, the current study w
Low HIV risk perception among youth in the Dominican Republic is linked to a conservative socio-cultural milieu, cultural norms on gender, poor inter-generational communications, and few youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Average age of first sexual intercourse is 16 in girls and 15.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4780)
Dattani PG, Tarimo N, Maruchu IB;;;; Tumbi Special Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
AIDS is caused by HIV. HIV is transmitted through exposure to the bodily fluids of someone infected with it. This exposure mostly occurs during unprotected sex. It will be many years until ARVs are widely available in Tanzania . Therefore it is important that all aspects and means of prevention against HIV/AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4781)
Tumwesigye NM, Madise NJ, Holmes DJ;;;; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
The objectives of the paper are to investigate the pattern and changes in condom use and abstinence among young unmarried women in Uganda between 1995 and 2000/1. As there has been a slow decline rate in HIV rates from 2.6% per year in 1992-1998 period compared to 1.3% per year in 1998-2001, there is a need
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4782)
Heeren GA, Jemmott JB III, Mandeya A;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
The rate of sexually transmitted HIV infection among young South Africans (SA) is extremely high. Condom use reduces risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection. We examined predictors of condom use in SA university students. Methods: Participants were 251 students at a historically black university who comp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4783)
Akers TA, Sowell RL, Mauge-Lewis C, Blake BJ, Taylor GA, Bairan A;;;; Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, United States
A lack of awareness of HIV/AIDS by university students in the USA gives reason for concern that an attitude of indifference or complacency is pervasive throughout college campuses. New and more innovative educational strategies are needed to engage and educate students that can impact their awareness about the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4784)
Van Dyk PJ, Van Dyk AC;;;; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
Researchers tend to concentrate on children s knowledge and attitudes with regard to HIV/AIDS. It is equally important for educational purposes to also focus on how they symbolise (picture) and feel about HIV/AIDS. Method: 1902 participating school children (from all ethnic groups; 44% male and 56% female;
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4785)
Gebre Y, Norman LR, Uche C;;;; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
As the number of HIV/AIDS cases continue to increase among youth aged 15-24, it becomes critically important to identify the factors that are contributing to this increase. Methods: National-level cross-sectional data across four time periods (1992, 1994, 1996, 2000) gathered from 2540 youth in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4786)
Robertson AA;;;; Mississippi State University, Starkville, United States
To test incarcerated youth for two common sexually transmitted diseases (STD) as a biomarker for HIV risk, to identify predictors of STD infection, and to examine gender differences in HIV risk. Methods: Data were collected from 690 male and female adolescents detained in an urban youth detention center in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4787)
Mallick PS, Baatsen P, Kelly RJ;;;; Family Health Int., Dhaka, Bangladesh
While the HIV vulnerability of rickshaw pullers (RP) and truckers has been extensively documented in Bangladesh , this paper attempts to compare both groups using 2001/2002 BSS data. Methodology: Two-stage probability sampling; Time location followed by fixed numbers. Results: 72% of RP and 76% of truckers
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4788)
Vidal M, Cossio C, Grana J, Tijero M, Verdonck K, Gotuzzo E;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt/Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Understanding sexual practices is crucial for planning of HIV prevention activities. This observational study was conducted to establish baseline information before the implementation of an HIV prevention program through education of peers. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to third and fourth grade
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4789)
Mwangi JM, Khamadi SA, Kinyua JG, Langat N, Muriuki JK;;;; Research, Nairobi, Kenya
It is essential to assess the knowledge and attitude of the youth in church concerning different issues related to HIV/AIDS in order to design and implement appropriate programs for HIV/AIDS awareness in church. Though the risk of HIV infection for church going youth is thought to be low due to restrain in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4790)
Thinh T, Hoang TT, Giang LT, Colby DJ;;;; Provincial AIDS Committee, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Introduction: National behavioral surveillance surveys in Vietnam target high-risk groups such as long-distance truck drivers and mobile construction workers, but does not include students. We used methodology similar to the national program to survey grade 12 high school students in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in 2001. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4791)
Gujral LM, Barreto A;;;; Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
The analysis of HIV/AIDS estimated prevalences have shown that, until the end of 2001 in average, 500 people were infected daily. Sexual intercourse is the most frequent way of transmission. Data from HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites in the previous studies carried out have shown that the median age of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4792)
Gujral LM, Mahomed A, Barreto A, Manjate RM;;;; Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns for youth advocate to postpone the first sexual intercourse, partner s fidelity and/or condom use as a strategy, not only for HIV/AIDS prevention, but as well as for STI, an important co-factor for this disease transmission. The study objectives were to determine age at first s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4793)
Gujral LM, Barreto A;;;; Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
The National STI/HIV/AIDS program was created in 1988 with an emphasis and priority in Information/Education of the population in general and youth in particular. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge on prevention and transmission methods among youth in order to improve the future IEC c
Despite intensive HIV/AIDS campaigns in Nigeria , the disabled have been largely neglected in this campaign. This study is to find out the baseline KAP of the diasled in Katsina State [core Northern Nigeria] in relation to HIV/AIDS. Methods: PEP, an NGO did a study of the KAP of 200 disabled in Katsina. Sel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4795)
Wamburi AO;;;; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Mombasa, Kenya
Youth out of school in Kenya lack a positive daily engagement. Boredom leads them to the ghettos where they end up engaging in irresponsible behavior that puts them at risk of getting HIV. Many of the infected cases in Kenya are the youth aged between 14 and 35years. Very many prevention strategies are focused
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4796)
Wamburi AO;;;; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Mombasa, Kenya
Mombasa is a small district in the coastal part of Kenya . The HIV prevalence rate in this town is 13.5%. Majority of the infected are the youth aged between 14 and 35 years. Various strategies to address the youth have been tried but none of them have proved to be sustainable. Path s Magnet theatr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4797)
Estrada JH, Velosa LP;;;; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
We present an educational program with adolescents and college students. The program s objective is to contribute to the understanding of the HIV infection in this group of young people so that they can multiply the program and reduce HIV incidence. The program s areas are: conceptual and epistemol
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4798)
Sherman SG, German D, Sirirojn B, Thomson N, Aramrattana A, Celentano DD;;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Methamphetamine (MA) has become the leading drug of abuse in northern Thailand over the past decade, particularly among youth. MA use is associated with increased sexual activity, although there is limited research regarding sexual behavior in this population. Methods: Between March 2002 and January 2003, 6
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4799)
Magis C, Gayet C, Negroni M, Leyva R, Bravo-Garcia E, Uribe P, Bronfman M;;;; Centro Nacional para la Prevencion y Control del SIDA, Mexico, Mexico
To characterize the sexual behaviors of Mexican migrants to United States of America. Methods: For making a characterization of sexual behaviors of Mexican migrants the 2002 Migrants Survey of HIV-Related Behaviors was used. Results: The survey involved 1064 migrants (326 women and 738 men). In terms of the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4800)
Abdul-Rahim M, Gravato N, Lacerda R, Morell MG, Areco K;;;; Prefeitura Municipal de Cubatao, Cubatao - Sao Paulo State, Brazil
Cubatao is an industrial city of 120000 population with the 12th highest rate of AIDS in Brazil . We conducted a study of adolescents aged 12-18 attending public schools, to determine attitudes and practices regarding sexuality and STI/AIDS. In Brazil, 11% of AIDS cases are of people aged 13 to 24. Preventi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4801)
Oladapo OO, Adesina VA, Olawale FA;;;; Positive Life Association of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
The Positive Life Association of Nigeria (PLAN) conducted a rapid assessment to elicit information on knowledge, attitudes and practices among University/Polytechnic students in Ibadan including their level of awareness including their attitudes/practices in relation to HIV/AIDS. Methods: 80 questionnaires
Preventive strategies in high HIV prevalence countries need to target the youth in order to promote prevention strategies in this sexually active group. In Thyolo district, Malawi , regular Information, Education and Communication (IEC) sessions were introduced in early 1998 by Medecins sans Frontieres in c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4803)
Koppenhaver T, Roels TH, Pappas-Deluca K, Mothuba B, Tembo P, Kilmarx PH;;;; Axiom Resource Management, Virginia, United States
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of reported HIV testing and testing-related behaviors among a broadly representative group in Botswana . Method: A quantitative survey of 15-to-49 year olds was conducted in Botswana in 2003. Sixty clusters were randomly chosen from 7 health districts, 30 households were selected pe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4804)
Vidal M, Cossio C, Grana J, Tijero M, Verdonck K, Gotuzzo E;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt/Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
The study objective was to make an objective evaluation of a pilot HIV prevention program for adolescents. Methods: Among second and third grade students of 8 public schools in Lima, a group of leaders was elected. The leaders were trained on topics of HIV prevention and contraceptives during a three-day wo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4805)
Olin JC, Bokole H, Kokolamami J, Nachega J, Kashamuka M, Bollinger RC, Maman S, Lepira F, Latkin C, Lapika D;;;; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
A total of 30 in-depth interviews in French and Lingala were conducted on the subject of alcohol and drug abuse and HIV transmission in Congo (DRC), in urban areas in Kinshasa, Equateur, and North and South Kivu, with 20 persons at high risk for HIV infection and 10 community leaders. All interviews were taped and cons
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4806)
Fang X, Yang H, Li X, Stanton B, Lin D, Mao R, Chen X, Liu H;;;; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Temporary migrants have been identified as a vulnerable population for HIV infection in many countries, including China . Effective behavioral intervention among them is important to control the further spread of HIV/STD. For any successful intervention, a prerequisite is that adequate numbers of individual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4807)
Felga MC, Barbosa Junior A, Gadelha MF, Speranca FJ, Toledo AJ, Lara L, Ferreira C, Dhalia CB, Inocencio LA, Barreira D;;;; PN-DST Aids - MoH, Brasilia, Brazil
Military service is mandatory in Brazil and annually 600,000 young men aged between 17 and 22 enroll for conscription. Thus bring an opportunity to conduct biological and behavior studies. Studies in conscripts are used to monitor HIV, syphilis and hepatitis prevalence, knowledge and safe sex behavior on th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4809)
Nakase K, Yamamoto E, Nakaya T, Hashido M, Osaka K, Taniguchi K, Okabe N;;;; Okayama City Health Center, Okayama, Japan
Care seeking behavior for STIs influences surveillance data and is important for STI/HIV treatment and prevention programs. This survey was conducted to clarify the factors associated with clinic visiting when an adolescent female suspects she has an STI. Method: In May 2002, a self-administrating questionn
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4810)
Langkafah F, Otani A;;;; Project HOPE Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand
In Thailand , it is estimated that there are about 30,000 new HIV infections each year with the greatest increase among the female 15-29 year old age group/A survey conducted in Chiang Mai indicated that the majority of the AIDS patients are among in the age range of 20-29 years old. More than 91% of new HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4811)
Nagamune N, Nakase K;;;; Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
In Japan , prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among youth is increasing, and teenagers have emerged as a high-risk group for HIV infection. An internet-based educational tool is being developed to promote consistent condom use among Japanese teenagers, more than 60% of whom have daily internet ac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4812)
Jinabhai CC, Taylor M, Dlamini SB, Nyawo N, de Vries H, Sullivan K;;;; University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
Encouraging sexually active people to undergo HIV testing aims to raise awareness and through behaviour change reduce the spread of infection. This study investigated whether high school students have been tested for HIV and their perceptions about HIV/AIDS and HIV testing. Methods: A cross sectional study
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4813)
Izdebski Z;;;; University, Zielona Gora, Poland
The presented survey is a part of National AIDS Programmes. The survey was made in December 2001 on a representative sample of 3,200 Poles between 15 and 49 years of age. The main goals of the study were to determine the level of knowledge about preventive activities concerning HIV/AIDS, to identify health promoting at
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4814)
Lau TF, Tsui HY;;;; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
This is the fifth of a series of behavioral surveillance surveys (BSS) conducted on the Hong Kong-mainland China cross-border sex-networker group. About 50% of the Hong Kong males who used commercial sex had been doing so in China. Methods: Around 2,400 Hong Kong males aged 18-60 returning from China to Hon
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4815)
Oladapo OO, Olawale FA, Adesina VA, Owoade AO;;;; Positive Life Association of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
A participatory community assessment exercise involving University and Polytechnic students in Ibadan, was conducted by the Positive Life Association of Nigeria with support from NELA-PSC. Low levels of awareness on STIs/HIV/AIDS prevention and high-risk sexual behaviours were identified by the students as the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4816)
Gujjarappa L, Rasalpurkar S;;;; The Maharashtra Association of Anthropological Sciences, Pune, India
Migrant population groups potentiate the effect of the ever-growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Hotel workers being one such group are at risk because of their age, economic independence, low level of education, group living and residence in a place away from their family. The present study aims to understand the sexual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4817)
Yuntadilok N;;;; Bureau of AIDS,TB&STI, Nonthaburi, Thailand
It is still doubtful whether today s youth has sufficient HIV/AIDS information to construct appropriate attitude and safe practices to prevent themselves. It is important to learn about the level of knowledge among young people to fill the gap and build their capacities to avoid HIV infection, worldwide. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4818)
Saoukhat SR, Vorontzov DV, Tormosova NM, Orlov NV, Pokrovsky VV, Prokopenkova SA;;;; Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
When the nosocomial foci of HIV cases among children occurred in 1988-1990, it was supposed that the lack of risky behavioral patterns would lead those patients to the epidemiological dead point because of short term of their lives. Nevertheless, the appearance of AART allowed many of them to become adult a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4819)
Nampuii M, Thompson B, Edward V;;;; World Vision, Jaipur, India
A major highway runs through the State of Rajasthan in NW India . In a 24-hour day, the 120 kilometer highway, where World Vision India s HIV/AIDS prevention project operates, up to 30,000 trucks pass by. Increased HIV/AIDS prevalence in two high risk groups, truckers and female sex workers of Rajnat community,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4820)
Sobrino P;;;; Grupo Epi-VIH, Founded by FIPSE, Spain
The incidence of seroconversion to HIV among migrants from various origins was compared to the incidence of national groups of similar characteristics in Spain . Methods: This analysis was run on voluntarily HIV testers in a network of 20 STD/HIV clinics in Spain. Those testers who proved to be seronegative
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4821)
Jaspan HB, Mendelson F, Mathews C, Hani A, Mtshizana Y, Flisher A, Bekker LG;;;; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
There are currently an estimated 2.5 million children living with HIV-1 globally, most of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet there is no data to suggest the age at which South African children become at risk of acquiring HIV infection. In 1990, Cape Town high school students knowledge of HIV was poor and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4822)
Urassa W, Chalamila G, Joan J, Lyaruu M, Malakasuka E, Mbwana J, Swai A, Mhalu F, Sandstrom E;;;; Muhimbili University College, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Introduction: Sexually active adolescents and youths have high rates of sexual reproductive health problems including STIs/HIV, unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. To determine sexual and other risky practices, which influence sexual-reproductive health problems in young people. Patients and Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4823)
Pettifor AE, Rees HV, Madikizela L, MacPhail C, Vermaak K, Kleinschmidt I, Levine J;;;; Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
To describe the prevalence of HIV, Chlamydia(CT), Gonorrhea(GC) and HIV risk factors across three types of intervention communities at baseline among young people age 15-24 in South Africa . Methods: A quasi-experimental, community-based household survey was conducted in 33 South African communities as part
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4824)
Gurnani V;;;; Karnataka State AIDS Prevention Society, Bangalore, India
India is home to the second largest number of people living with HIV and also home to more than a billion people. It houses a diverse range of castes, languages and faiths, such extraordinary contrasts bring along with it numerous hindrances in implementing HIV prevention programs, especially targeting young pe
In Bangladesh , HIV prevalence has only reached. 5 percent in female sex workers. However, there has been a recent upsurge to 4 percent prevalence in injecting drug users (IDUs) and overlapping risk behaviors between IDUs and both female and male sex workers and their clients. In addition, condom use remains ve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4826)
Attah A, Kusi B, Smith P, Galimah J;;;; Liberia Youth Empowerment Foundation, Lagos, Nigeria
Sex for little or nothing amongst Refugees at Oru Refugee Camp. Poverty, idleness and lack of information are forcing more and more refugees at the Oru Refugee Camp into indiscriminate sex. Studies show that about 70% of females including young people between ages 13 - 15 years have had unprotected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4827)
Onyia C, Attah A, Agborga V, Asuquo E;;;; Nigeria Youth AIDS Programme, Lagos, Nigeria
Lagos State with a population of about seven million has an HIV prevalence of about 3.5% (HIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA 2001). More than half of these numbers are young people who are highly mobile, sexually active and experimental in nature. These young people stand great risk of contracting HIV/STDS. To tac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4828)
Hlongwa-Madikizela LF, Pettifor A, MacPhail C, Rees H;;;; Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
loveLife is a new lifestyle brand for young South Africans promoting healthy living and positive sexuality that combines a high-powered media campaign with nationwide adolescent sexual health services, and community-level outreach and support programmes for youth. loveLife aims to significantly reduce the n
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4829)
Luyombya HH, Nabiryo C, Sentamu PS;;;; The AIDS Challenge Youth Club (ACYC), Kampala, Uganda
Many young people in Uganda don t have correct and accurate information about HIV/AIDS. In addition, youth participation in rural communities is very limited due to lack of information on HIV/AIDS and Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) issues. Society too under looks the needs of youth as regards to HIV/AIDS. As
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4830)
Carducci A, Calamusa A, Manfredi P, Williams J, Romano F, Verani M, Privitera G;;;; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Surveys on populations of university students may provide useful information on AIDS related lifestyles as drug addiction and sexual behaviours of the youth general population in the same age groups. Moreover they may offer insight on the design of strategies aimed to remove behavioural risk factors in the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4831)
Pius A, Okoro OD, Ehigie R, Shobande J;;;; Youth Action Rangers of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
Peer education is one of the most acceptable approaches to the prevention of HIV/AIDS among youth. There are many peers education programmes around the globe with the goal of providing information that will hopefully lead to behavioural change among youth people. In Lagos, Nigeria , peer education packaging
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4832)
Matavele J, Gomes L, Mabote J, Dgedge M, Correa D, Massive E;;;; National Institute for Educational Development, Ministry of Education, Maputo, Mozambique
HIV prevalence is increasing in Mozambique and half of new infections occur in people between 15-24 years of age. Policy makers and program designers have not had adequate population-based data to develop program strategies for youth. Methods: The Government of Mozambique, through the National Institute of
Despite a high level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS, its transmission and prevention, unsafe sex remains a problem among adolescents. This is a risky behaviour with detrimental consequences to the whole community at large. There seems to be a gap in knowledge and behaviour, which should be addressed. The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4834)
Agborga V, Asuquo E, Kawekwune L, Ngun V, Adeeyo B, Orji C, Owunnah E, Jayeola D;;;; Nigeria Youth AIDS Programme, Lagos, Nigeria
The role of youth-to-youth HIV/AIDS intervention programme reducing youth vulnerability to HIV infection in the Shitta and Ogunmola areas of Surulere in Lagos state, Nigeria . The peers consciously introduce HIV prevention skills into the daily schedules of young people in the community. Strategic c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4835)
Pilotto JH, Santos E, Moreira R, Khalili R, Costa Leite I, Veloso VG, Oliveira MS, Grinsztejn B, Ribeiro JE;;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/HGNI/ISEP/UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
AIDS epidemic in Brazil is increasingly affecting females specially poor women living in larger urban cities. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate knowledge, risk perceptions and attitudes related to sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV infection among female students. Methodology: Female students from fundamental grade (FG)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4836)
Omoregie G, Fakolade R, Mamman-Daura F;;;; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Background Young people talk a lot about sexuality issues and usually have many questions, yet there are only a few trusted people to give them the right information and most young persons are either too afraid or shy to ask parents. Furthermore, very few parents initiate such conversations with their wards themselves.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4837)
Villegas WD;;;; Fundacion aid for aids Venezuela, Los Teques, edo. Miranda, Venezuela
Option 2: There are no publics nor private programs oriented to the attention of indigents in Venezuela . Due to the lack of existing programs to attend this groups, Aid for Aid Venezuela and CAILOS s technical group worked together in 2003 on programs of implementation and prevention actions. They conducted a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4838)
Gurubacharya DL, Gurubacharya VL;;;; Kathmandu Medical College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
For Last many decades young people from hills migrate to Indian cities in search of job. Recently the migrants also move to major urban centers within Nepal . Many migrants are unmarried and practice unsafe sex with commercial female sex workers. Method: Migrant workers who visited or referred to counsellin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4839)
Lubbungu J, Katuta C, Kamwengo M, Sichuundu W, Mwenge LM;;;; The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
The paper intends to discuss the case of defilement or child sexual abuse as a threat to HIV/AIDS prevention in Zambia . In Africa, Zambia included, there is a wrong perception that having unprotected sex with minor or child who is a virgin cure one who has the HIV/AIDS. Hardly a day passes without a defilement
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4840)
Roncal Rojas RR;;;; KALLPA, LIma, Peru
The disco aids kit is a tent-stand that resembles a disco where adolescents and youth receive information on the prevention of HIV/ AIDS and training on the use of condoms as well as on forms of negotiation in the face of pressure, which, as a result of the different myths and beliefs that continue to be passed on in o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4841)
Mirzoyan AM, Bakhshinyan VV;;;; Anti HIV/AIDS National Association, Yerevan, Armenia
Effective community level interventions, particularly in HIV prevention are very important for developing countries. Previous peer-education project has been implemented without using Popular Opinion Leader (POL) education model. After this project 33% of teenagers had the same unchanged knowledge on HIV/AIDS a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4842)
Auvert B, Ndiaye A, Puren A, Taljaard D, Poupard M, Males S, Lagarde E;;;; INSERM, Paris, France
To assess the impact of condom use on HIV and HSV-2 serostatus at the population and individual levels among 18- to 24-year-old men in a township of South Africa . The second objective was to identify predictors of comdom use in non-spousal partnerships. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were col
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4843)
Pereira J, Luis S, Campos MJ;;;; Abraco, Lisbon, Portugal
Within the E. U., Portugal has the highest number of AIDS cases/million inhabitants and the highest prevalence rate of HIV infections amongst the age group between 18 and 24 years. The findings of a recent study amongst 1000 Portuguese youngsters (aged 16 to 18 years) indicated that 30% believe contraceptive pi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4844)
Strauss RP, van der Horst C, Boland Emrick C, McKaig RG, Ramsey B;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel HIll, Chapel Hill, United States
HIV-related knowledge and attitude change occurs with educational programs among youths, adolescents and young adults, however few such programs have been developed for universities. A campus-wide, interdisciplinary, credit-bearing, university course on AIDS has enrolled 175-550 students per semester since
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4845)
Harrison AD, Cleland J, Gouws E, Frohlich J, Abdool Karim SS;;;; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies and South African Medical Research Council, New York, United States
Little is known about the determinants of high risk partnerships among rural youth in South Africa , particularly at the contextual level. Methods: 699 sexually active men and women aged 15-24, from larger household survey (N=2309). Logistic regression analysis measured correlates of 1) men with >3 partners
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4846)
Diagne MM;;;; SWAA/JEUNES, Dakar, Senegal
In Senegal , at the beginning of 2000s more than 80 000 persons were infected by the HIV/AIDS. The youth represents more than 60% of the population. However in spite of its important proposition and its vulnerability, it benefits of a particular attention in the implementation of of youth prevention programs which are
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4847)
Osowole OS;;;; College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Lots of misconceptions go on concerning the sexuality of people with disabilities prevalent of which is their asexuality. However, these special group are sexual and do experience and express emotional feelings like their able bodied counterparts. For the group under study, they may engage in activities whi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4848)
Feist-Price S, Zimmerman RS, Cupp PK, Abell R;;;; University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
HIV and AIDS rates among adolescents indicate that ethnic minority females are at greatest risk, particularly African American female adolescent. Alcohol use has been shown to negatively impact sexual risk taking behavior among adolescents. Theory-based, culturally relevant alcohol and HIV prevention interventio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4849)
Dancy B, Kaponda CP, Jere D, Kachingwe S, Kafulafula U, Norr K, Talashek M, Mbebe M;;;; University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
In Malawi , 16% of the adults are HIV infected with heterosexual transmission accounting for approximately 90% of the infection. Preparing adolescents with HIV prevention skills before they become adults requires the development of adolescent HIV prevention programs. The objective is to elicit adults and ad
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4850)
Washington M, Borawski EA, Trapl ES, Lovegreen LD;;;; The Center for Health Promotion Research, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
Purpose: In the U. S., adolescent males living in low-income, urban areas are at high risk for engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors and contracting HIV. African-American (A-A) males have a disproportionate risk. A paucity of research exists on the prevalence of these behaviors among suburban adolescents, particularly
There is sharp lack of HIV/AIDS prevention programs directed on youth in Ukraine . 13-17 years old youngsters, mainly secondary school pupils, are not informed enough about HIV/AIDS prevention aspects. Though hours of sexual education is included in national secondary school program in Ukraine, these lessons ar
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4852)
Stallworth J, Torres JM;;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Geographic Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Early sexual behavior of adolescents is associated with increased risk of teenage pregnancy, higher maternal/perinatal morbidity and mortality, and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Currently, Cuba has a low HIV prevalence rate, providing the opportunity to prevent an epidemic of scale tha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4853)
Hernandez MT, Sanchez MA, Aoki B, Ayala L, Vera A, Ruiz JD, Magis C, Drake MV, Lemp GF;;;; Universitywide AIDS Research Program, UCOP, Oakland, California, United States
The California- Mexico Epidemiological Surveillance pilot (CMESP) is a binational collaboration project with the goal of assessing HIV and STD prevalence, vulnerabilities, risk behavior, and other associated factors among Mexicans migrating into California, USA. Methodology: The CMESP includes venue and hou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4854)
Thapa S, Shrestha B;;;; Family Health International, Arlington, United States
Young people have not been the specific target population for the promotion or use of condoms in Nepal . From the perspectives of reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS, or preventing unwanted pregnancy, it is important to assess the levels of knowledge and use of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4855)
Jones JE, Myrah J, Tigar B;;;; YouthCO AIDS Society, Vancouver, Canada
Peer education is widely recognized as a key tool in the prevention of HIV and HCV infection amongst youth. YouthCO AIDS Society, Canada s only youth-driven organization devoted to HIV and HCV specific programming, has 10 years experience in developing and applying peer education methodologies. Thi
Acceptance of condoms and water-based lubricants is not as widespread as desired in Mexico . Despite NAP and HIV/AIDS NGO efforts, hampered by strong opposition of Catholic church and conservatives -including media-, condom promotion and availability remains mainly in the closet , offered and promoted in closed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4857)
Dickson KE, Pettifor A, Moleko W;;;; University of Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
Adolescent friendly clinics (NAFCI) have been implemented in South Africa as part of loveLife s national HIV prevention campaign for youth. This paper describes the utilization patterns of youth to different types of clinics and the services they seek. Methods: A quasi-experimental community based, cross se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4858)
Mora Rodriguez N, Aragones Lopez C;;;; GPSIDA, Havana, Cuba
For biological and social causes, the women are more sensitive to contract an STD or the HIV. The GPSIDA of Havana City has intended to take its work of prevention to the feminine population, with ages between 15 and 49 years, belonging to the Popular Council Parraga. Our objective was to explore knowledge,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4860)
Reynolds-Fisher GL, Fisher DG, Branson CM;;;; California State University, Long Beach, United States
Young injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for HIV and hepatitis through inexperience with safe injection practices and risky sexual behaviors. Methods: Data from 800 IDUs obtained from a publicly funded mobile HIV testing program operating in Los Angeles County, California were analyzed to identify char
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4861)
Thomas AG, Bakhireva LN, Brodine SK, Shaffer RA;;;; Naval Health Research Center, DHAPP, San Diego, CA, United States
Lack of male circumcision has been found to be a risk factor for HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) in several studies performed in developing countries. However, the few studies conducted in developed nations have yielded inconsistent results. Policy regarding circumcision of male infants as a pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4862)
Boonmee S;;;; Public Health Center, Surin Province, Thailand
Surin Province had the first AIDS case report in 1989s. As the AIDS epidemic grew, 227 new cases were reported in 1995. The AIDS epidemic cases report showed that the age group 15-39 years old, all men, women and agricultural mobilized population were the most of the cases. More than 90% risk behavior are sexua
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4863)
Cervantes R, Ruan K, Zarza MJ, Madrid M;;;; Behavioral Assessment Inc., Beverly Hills, CA, United States
AIDS/HIV epidemic in the U. S. spread faster among minority females and adolescents. Hispanics, the biggest growing minority group in the U. S., have double the rates of new HIV cases. Latinas suffer from high rates of teenage pregnancy, drug-alcohol abuse and gang involvement, increasing the risk of infect
The national road No.8 which links Bolikhamxay (Lao PDR) and Hatinh/ Nghe An ( Vietnam ) was considered as a hot spot for the transmission of HIV for long-haul truck drivers, both Lao and Vietnamese. The truck drivers awareness of HIV/AIDS was initially very low. Project: The project has introduced the idea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4865)
Siltrakul M, Mongkoljit S, Tochiep B, Suvanich R, Srivongchai S;;;; Disease Prevention and control region 5, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand
Finding from HIV surveillance in region 5 indicate that the proportion of non-primigravidas infected with HIV has increased steadily over the past five years. As of 2002, it was as high as 75%. This qualitative study was undertaken to explore the reasons why HIV-positive women decided to become pregnant and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4866)
Perera B, Reece M;;;; Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
Although the prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS in Sri Lanka are low compared to such rates in the neighboring south Asian countries, risk factors of the epidemic do exist and continue to expand among youth in the country. The availability of counseling and other curative services for youth at risk, and barriers
Sharing its borders with Thailand and Vietnam , Savannakhet Province in central Lao PDR has a large and steadily increasing migrant population. While Lao PDR remains a low prevalence country, there is potential for some migrants to be come infected with HIV while working in higher prevalence countries, part
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4868)
Taylor M, Dlamini SB, Nyawo N, Jinabhai CC, de Vries H, Sullivan KR;;;; University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in KZN, SA, with the increased morbidity and mortality of young people makes behavioural prevention an essential strategy. The high rate of teenage pregnancy confirms that sexually active teenagers fail to use condoms. The Department of Education s policy is that teachers should
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4869)
Saengdidtha B, Rangsin R, Sathityudhakarn O, Kaoaiem H;;;; Preventive Medicine Division, Royal Thai Army Medical Department, Bangkok, Thailand
This study aimed to identify HIV risk factors among young Thai men who entered the army as conscripts. Methods: A case control study was conducted among 240 HIV+ve and 240-ve conscripts, using a 5-part questionnaire booklet. The SPSS version 10 software was used for data analysis. Results: From univariate a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4870)
Rees H, MacPhail C, Pettifor A;;;; Reproductive Health Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
High HIV prevalence among adolescents has led to a strong focus on infection prevention. The importance of preventing pregnancy in populations also at high risk of HIV has received much less attention and the integration of contraceptive advice into HIV services has not been widely introduced. Methods: Usin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4871)
Bakeera Kitaka S, Snider C, McKellar M, Mwebaze Songa P, Musoke P, Pavia A, Sande M, Ronald A;;;; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
Few studies describe the impact of HIV on sub-Saharan African adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 58 adolescents attending the Pediatric/Adult Infectious Disease Clinics at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda . The survey consisted of questions on HIV knowledge, social and past med
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4872)
Chen AC, Thompson EA;;;; University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, United States
Adolescent risky sexual behavior (RSB) has received international attention due to its association with negative consequences, including HIV/AIDS. Understanding adolescent sexual behaviors from a broader social context is crucial for the design of HIV/AIDS preventive interventions. This study tests a theory
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4873)
Klindera K, Oteng F, Kebadire T, Imayi M, Shobane J;;;; Advocates for Youth, Johannesburg, South Africa
Too often, adult professionals who serve youth only recognize young people as objects in need of protection. However, from a human rights framework, youth have a right to be meaningfully involved in implementing and evaluating HIV/AIDS interventions. Young people engaged as valued partners in HIV/AIDS activitie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4874)
Chisango T;;;; Midlands State University, Internship at SAfAIDS and Patsime Edutainment Trust, Harare, Zimbabwe
Youth and youth values are not at the centre of programs designed for us. To reach out to youth in Southern Africa strategies are required that go beyond telling us what to do. Interactive theatre for development is one such strategy which has given a voice to our concerns. Buddies for Love is a be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4875)
Varangrat A, Naorat S, Jeeyapant S, Jenkins RA, Chaikummao S, Manopaiboon C, Siraprapasiri T, Tappero JW, van Griensven F;;;; The Thailand MOPH - U.S.CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Concern exists about increasing sexual risk behavior among adolescents in Thailand . To inform preventive interventions, we compared behaviors of 15-21 year old vocational students enrolled in two cross-sectional assessments in Chiang Rai in 1999 and 2002. Similar self-completed and computer-assisted data c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4876)
Liku J, Maggwa N, Kuyoh M, Munyao J, Waszak-Geary C;;;; Family Health International- Nairobi, Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
In 2002, MTV worked in partnership with YouthNet, the Kaiser Foundation and the Gates Foundation to produce, broadcast and distribute an intensive AIDS prevention campaign, Staying Alive 4. This documentary-style program was narrated by internationally known artists who told real-life stories of young peopl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4877)
Damayanti R;;;; University, Jakarta, Indonesia
In mid 2003 UNICEF commissioned University of Indonesia , Centre for Health Research to conduct a baseline survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices of young people to HIV/AIDS in 5 districts of Biak, Manokwari, Jayawijaya, Jayapura and Sorong in Papua province. The overall objective of this study was to
Voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) is an important behavior change intervention, and a primary entry point to care and support. To be most effective, replicable models of targeting vulnerable groups, such as uninfected youth, are needed. Over 50 VCT sites have opened in Mozambique
Nigeria , the most populous country in Africa, as at 2000 had an estimated population of 123 million of which 5.8% are infected with HIV. This is based on the last sentinel survey results released at the end of December, 2001. Of this alarming figure, 30% are young people aged 15-24 years, representing a major
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4880)
Plipat T, Rattanasuporn N, Sinprajakpol J, Jantaramanee P, Khumtong S, Jarasist S;;;; Bureau of Epidemiology, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Introduction: As HIV epidemic matures in Thailand , the sero-prevalence data became less useful. To cope with the problem, Thailand started to collect the additional data along with HIV status so that HIV status can be analyzed by subgroup of population. This study described HIV trend among young pregnant women which c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4881)
Sanches K, Selig L;;;; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The STI/AIDS incidence increases among adolescents in many countries. In Brazil , 11.0% of the AIDS cases occur in youngsters ranging between 13 and 24 years old. In Rio de Janeiro state, the second state in number of AIDS cases, this proportion is around 10.0%. The objectives of this study is to analyse tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4882)
Royal S, Cohn S, Schlenger W, Brown L, DiClemente R, Flanigan T, Fernandez MI, Silver B;;;; RTI International, Washington, DC, United States
HIV/AIDS among adolescents continues to pose a serious health threat in the U. S. Research suggests that a diversity of factors influence HIV-risk behavior in youth. This study examines the relationship between partner risk assessment and condom use. Methods: Project SHIELD was an HIV prevention study desig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4884)
Cheron MC;;;; Institution/NGO, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
To mitigate the impact of the AIDS epidemic among the school students, it s been launched a social mobilization intervention for community management of the AIDS epidemic. FHI- Haiti is involved in that process and will coordinate with its local partners the intervention in Jeremie, 200 km south-west of Port-au-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4885)
Galli M, Adorni F, Lovicu GF, Fedeli P, Codini G, Musicco M;;;; University of Milan, Milan, Italy
HIV infection further increases the mortality rate of i.v. drug users (IVDUs). Aim of this study was to assess the impact of the traditional causes of death in IVDUs and their changes in the AIDS era. Methods: Heroine IVDUs attending 4 methadone clinic in Milan, Italy were consecutivelly enrolled from 1980
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4886)
Mukoma W, Mathews C, Flisher AJ, Seebregts C, Jansen S, Ahmed N, Klepp KI, Mtshizana Y, Hani A;;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
This study tested the feasibility, acceptability and test-retest reliability of using hand- held electronic devices to evaluate the behavioural outcomes of a HIV/AIDS prevention programme amongst 14-year old high school students in Cape Town. This is the first time that such devices have been used in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4887)
Lawoyin TO, Dairo MD, Olaolorun FM, Fajola AA, Amoran OE;;;; Department of Commun Medicine University College Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Recent political unrest and armed conflict has caused the migration of adolescents from neighboring countries into Nigeria . Studies on the effect of such migration on the reproductive health of adolescents are not well documented. The study explore the sexual practicesof adolescents in a refugee camp and e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4888)
Hack TW, Galbraith J, Waldmiller M;;;; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
HIV prevalence continues to rise among adolescents and young adults in the U. S. In 1999 2,646 cases were diagnosed among 15-24 year olds by the 30 states reporting HIV infection. By 2002, new HIV diagnoses reported in these states for this age category had increased to 2,926. The expanding adolescent HIV epidem
Introduction: The objective of this study is to generate a baseline on sexual risk and behavior related with HIV/AIDS among adolescents and youth that allows decision makers, program planners and implementors as they strategize and implement programs addressing this target population in the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4890)
Mwangi M, Cheluget B, Mwikya L, Marum LH, Wandia E;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Although abstinence is recognized as an effective and appropriate HIV prevention method among unmarried youth, premarital sex remains the major factor that exposes youth to HIV infection. In the Kenya behavioral surveillance survey (BSS), we examined the relationship between knowledge and practice of abstin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4891)
Sanda TA, Boisier P, Louboutin-Croc JP, Hama BM, Seidou M, Hamidou AA, Aliou S;;;; CILS, Niamey, Niger
The Government chose most important target groups to carry out epidemiological survey on HIV infection: school youth, teachers, militaries, drivers and their assistants and prisoners - no previous survey was conducted among them. Methods: This survey among school youth, teachers, militaries and prisoners wa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4892)
Walker DM, Torres MP, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; Division of Reproductive Health, National Institute of Public Health, (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
Emergency contraception (EC) use is growing among adolescents. Some fear this will decrease condom use, increasing HIV/STI risk. We evaluated a high school based HIV/AIDS prevention intervention in Morelos, Mexico , that promoted condom use with EC as a backup. Methods: This experimental, cluster-randomized
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4893)
Steyn PS, Foster PM, Reinders J;;;; Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
Promoting sexual health requires that people change unhealthy behaviour, learn healthy behaviour and adapt lifestyle. This must be supported by education combining knowledge and promoting positive attitudes, learning skills to put healthy behaviour in practice and provide tools to cope with negative social
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4894)
Sanches K, Selig L;;;; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Vulnerability is a concept that points to a set of factors whose interaction increases or reduces the chances for a person to get infected by HIV. In this perspective, individual behavior of higher or lower risk exposure is considered in relation to a greater set of determining factors which must be taken i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4895)
Pugatch D, O'Connell JV, Blanton E, Smith K, Mayer K, Flanigan TP, Brown LK, Lally M;;;; Brown Medical School, Providence, United States
Among at-risk adolescents in the United States , HIV testing is widely accepted when offered. Across a variety of settings, return for result rates are low. OraQuick, an HIV rapid test for use on a fingerstick blood sample has been FDA approved in the U. S. A single appointment for counseling, testing and result
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4896)
Effiong E, Adidi U;;;; Nigeria Youth AIDS Programme, Lagos, Nigeria
Intergenerational communication gap between adolescents and adults have been a constant issue of discourse in the field of health communications, as it relates to sexuality Education and HIV/AIDS prevention. This research assessed adolescents attitudes to a programme I need to know , a 30- minute television
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4897)
Fofana M;;;; PSI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Working in a social marketing institution, we consider the reality in our country that finds out that people have much information related to HIV but they don t change their behaviour. We come to the conclusion that we should put the emphasis on the interpersonal communication in addition to the mass media camp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4898)
Costa NF, Castro P, Maldonado M, Grangeiro G, Almeida MG;;;; BEMFAM, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
The number of AIDS reported-cases in Brazil is rising in young and adolescents. In 2002, 8% of total AIDS reported-cases were in men and 14% in women from 13 to 24 years-old. Adolescents living in the streets have higher vulnerability related to low education, drug abuse, unprotected sexual intercourse and low
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4899)
O'Reilly KR, Medley A, Dennison J, Schmid GP, Sweat MD;;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Abstinence-only programmes are being heavily promoted in some countries like the United States (US) and increasingly funded by the US in developing countries. Is there evidence that these programmes are effective in these settings? Methods: A standardized protocol for searching, acquiring, extracting study
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4900)
Maman S, Mbwambo JK, Lary H, Katebalila M, McCauley A;;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
The majority of new infections occur among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite growing rates of HIV infection among youth in sub-Saharan Africa, very little is understood about the context of these sexual relationships. The power imbalance characteristic of gender relations among men and women has m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4901)
Gavin LE, Galavotti C, McNaghten AD, Dube H;;;; U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Adolescent females in Africa are many times more likely to be infected with HIV than males of the same age. Understanding how infected and uninfected adolescent females differ will help inform interventions for this important group. Methods: The Zimbabwe Young Adult Survey was a national population-based be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4902)
Bauman LJ, Silver EJ;;;; Albert Einstein College of Medicine/CHAM, Bronx, NY, United States
Inner-city minority adolescents are at risk for HIV/AIDs due to young age at sexual debut and inconsistent condom use. We hypothesized that higher risk teens would be more likely to decline participation in HIV preventive interventions. Methods: 610 sexually active minority urban teens aged 14-17 were recru
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4903)
Plautz A, Meekers D;;;; Population Services International, Washington, DC, United States
Social marketing strategies are frequently used in HIV prevention programs in developing countries. This study analyzes the reach and impact of the 100% Jeune youth social marketing program in Cameroon . Methods: This analysis used data from three waves of the Cameroon Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4904)
Caceres CF, Klausner J, Leon S, Jones F, Kegeles S, Coates T; Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
In preparation for a community HIV/STI prevention trial, we assessed behavioral risks and STI/HIV rates in the general population and, subsequently, in groups hypothesized to be at higher risk based on ethnographic observation. Among women in low-income communities in the coast of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4905)
Fuller CM, Latkin CA, Ompad DC, Galea S, Wu Y, Vlahvo D;;;; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
Given the increased risk of HIV and HCV among recent-onset or young IDUs, identifying predictors of adolescent vs. young adult-initiating injection drug users (IDUs) can inform prevention and intervention strategies to that are bettered tailored to high-risk recent-onset IDUs to reduce early risk of HIV/HCV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4906)
Abelha L, Eisenstein E, Boyer C;;;; Instituto Municipal de Assistencia a Saude Juliano Moreira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
To study the role of sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral and psychological risk factors with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knownledge in teens and young adults patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study that used a convenience sample of 646 adolescents and yo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4907)
Kacanek D;;;; Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
Little is known about the potential impact of having a relative with HIV/AIDS on risk behaviors among young women and men, particularly those in prison. This study examines violence victimization, drug use and sexual risk behaviors among young women and men in a US prison. Methods: Interviews were conducted
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4908)
Lopez F, Velasco VV;;;; CECASH, Mexico city, Mexico
Several cognitive models have been designed to influence through a cognitive-affective model in the change of mind and knowledge of sexuality, STI, HIV/AIDS prevention attitudes and practices of young homosexuals aged 15-19 years; however, these have not been successful due to a lack of affective elements. Desc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4909)
Cupp PK, Zimmerman RS, Feist-Price S, Bennie T, Bhana A, Kebede W, Mpofu E, Donohew RL;;;; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
Research shows that individual differences are relevant in understanding risk behavior with U. S. adolescents. This study compares the importance of sensation seeking (SS) and impulsive decision making (IDM) in understanding the sexual activity of adolescents in the Ethiopia , South Africa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4910)
Jantae S, Matbputhorn R, Promsri W;;;; Office of Disease Prevention and Control, 6, Khonkaen, Thailand
The finding of the HIV risk behavior sentinel surveillance were that the teenages were the HIV risk group. To know about these problems, it was necessary to study HIV risk behavior sentinel surveillance of the male high school students. The objective of this descriptive research was studying the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4911)
Edberg MC, Corey K, Chaleunrath V;;;; Development Services Group, Inc., Bethesda, United States
Georgetown University, Development Services Group, Inc., and the Newcomer s Community Service Center are conducting a qualitative-quantitative study on the extent of and nature of HIV/AIDS and substance use risk in the Vietnamese, Cambodian and Lao communities in Washington, DC metropolitan area. Funded by
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4912)
Norris AE, Phillips RE;;;; Boston College, Chestnut Hill, United States
To examine role of ethnic differences in explaining a mobilized male population s condom use with casual sex partners using demographic characteristics, heavy alcohol use, and variables from three health behavior models: Theory of Reasoned Action (beliefs, attitude, norms), Social Cognitive Theory (self-eff
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4913)
Norris AE, Phillips RE, Statton M, Pearson TA;;;; Boston College, Chestnut Hill, United States
Explore potential for active duty, male U. S. naval personnel with partners in U. S. and foreign cities to spread STDs. Examine sexual behavior and condom use of male enlisted personnel deployed on aircraft carrier in Spring 2002 who reported having casual sex partner(s) in foreign port and: (1) only steady
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4914)
Medrano H;;;; Institute for the Human Development, Cochabamba, Bolivia
The situation of the HIV been in Bolivia indicates that the epidemic has become of incipient to concentrated, the Bolivian State has not been able to design a strategy of effective and opportune prevention, for lack of human resources and financial necessary to promote campaigns of prevention in media, neither
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4916)
Wu S, Cohen DA, Farley TA;;;; RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, United States
Local communities need tools to develop programs to prevent as many HIV infections as possible. Methods: We developed Maximizing the Benefit , a spreadsheet tool that compares the cost-effectiveness of 25 HIV prevention strategies, including individual behavior-change, biomedical, and structural interventio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4917)
Anaya HD, Asch SM, Bowman CC, Fremont A, Joyce G, Korthuis PT, Bozzette S, Wang M;;;; Institution, Los Angeles, United States
Background and As in many conditions, HIV care processes fall short of best practice recommendations. As part of the Veteran s Administration Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI), we sought to implement and evaluate two quality improvement (QI) interventions for improving HIV care: Real-time compu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4918)
Shabarova Z, Smith J, Tyapkin G, Posokhova S, Gozhenko N, Schecter K, Nizova N;;;; AIHA, Washington DC, United States
In a USAID funded project designed to create a replication model for the region, the American International Health Alliance is implementing a PMTCT framework in Odessa, Ukraine . The project is in response to the UNGASS goal to virtually eliminate HIV in infants in the region. Effective monitoring and evaluatio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4919)
Bautista Arredondo SB, McConnel CM, Aracena BA, Kahn JG, Bertozzi SM;;;; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
In Mexico , AIDS has become an important public health problem. HIV prevalence of 15% has been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM); 6% among users of injecting drugs; and 0.09% among pregnant women. Prevalence in the adult population between 15 and 49 years is 0.28%. The resources needed to treat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4920)
Khambaty MM, Hsu SS, Kiromera A, Kamera H, Amoroso A, Redfield RR;;;; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
Community education is a critical component of developing successful HIV treatment programs. Evaluating the impact of existing programs is vital to developing further targeted interventions. Methods: Over the last 18 months, HIV educational programs were developed at a charity hospital in rural
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4921)
Alekseeva EG, Alekseeva DV;;;; Public Health and Social Development Foundation FOCUS-MEDIA, Moscow, Russian Federation
Since its start in 1987 HIV/AIDS in Russia was surrounded by silence and taboo. Youth of 15-30 is most affected by AIDS epidemic. Since there is no sex education in schools youth does not have reliable source of information about sexual health. The majority of infections has been among injecting drug users and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4922)
Suparna Roy SR;;;; Purulia District Hospital, Purulia, India
BPWT- ISO-9001 certified NGO starts in 1993;just after inventing the dreadful virus HIV, leads the fatal disease called AIDS! The sex seeking behaviour of the truckers make them highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases, which is a co-factor of HIV infection; thus facilitating its spread. To minimize th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4923)
Denison JA, O'Reilly K, Schmid G, Strouse D, Sweat MD;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
There has been a significant expansion of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in developing countries, and many studies examining the impact of VCT on risk reduction. However, there has not yet been a systematic review and synthesis of the efficacy of VCT in developing country settings. Methods: A st
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4924)
Dandona L, Sisodia P, Kumar SG, Kumar AA, Ramesh YK, Marshall N, Rao MC, Someshwar M, Hansl B, Kahn JG;;;; Centre for Public Health Research, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
The number of voluntary counseling and testing centres (VCTCs) is increasing in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh as part of the HIV prevention effort. However, systematic data on cost and efficiency of providing VCT services in India are not readily available to guide optimum use of resources. Methods: As
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4925)
Moses S, Stirling BV, Ngugi EN, Costigan A, Kimani J, Nagelkerke NJ, Forget E, Plummer FA;;;; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Although many HIV prevention interventions have been implemented in Africa, there is limited information on effectiveness and cost. We assessed the cost per case of HIV averted and the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) saved for 3 HIV prevention programs in Nairobi, Kenya . Methods: The in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4926)
Joshi KC, Sokhi MK, Purohit A, Mora C, Harsh J, Shekawat YS, Vyas RP, Purohit S, Purohit K;;;; FXB India, Jodhpur, India
HIV in India is spreading from urban to rural areas and from high-risk groups to the general population. Recent surveillance data show that the incidence of HIV/AIDS is increasing among women in the general population through heterosexual sex. In this male-oriented society, men dominate women and exercise c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4927)
Emmanuelli J;;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, St Maurice, France
In France , intravenous drug use would concern some 100,000 people. A harm reduction policy has been set up in the 90 s, enlarging accessibility to sterile syringe and replacement treatments. More than ten years later, it was needed to assess the impact of this policy on drug users health. Aims: To monitor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4928)
Maclean CC, Stringer JS;;;; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
Background One third of MTCT occurs during breastfeeding (BF). Several trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of postpartum antiretrovirals to reduce MTCT during BF. Methods We used Markov modeling to examine the circumstances under which the following interventions - currently of unknown efficacy, but the subjec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4929)
Ferreira IC, Abbate MC, Vieira PP;;;; Coordination of STI/Aids of the City of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The cost allowance of prevention agents has being developed recently with in city of Sao Paulo, the largest Brazilian and South America city, with 11 million inhabitants and 51,000 Aids notified cases, i.e. 22% of the Brazilian cases. The project started by mapping the places where IDU, sex workers,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4931)
Cohen DA, Wu SY, Farley TA;;;; RAND, Santa Monica, CA, United States
Cost-effectiveness should be an important consideration in allocating HIV prevention resources, but the current selection of HIV prevention strategies in the United States does not take cost-effectiveness into account. Our goal was to identify which interventions would comprise a cost-effective strategy for
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4932)
Gathatwa FN, Farquhar C, John-Stewart G, Kabura MN, Kiarie JN;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Pregnant women presenting to a Nairobi antenatal clinic were offered individual or couple VCT and followed prospectively. At enrollment, women were encouraged to return with their partners within 1 week for VCT. Nevirapine was provided to HIV-1 infected. We estimated the difference in cost due to couple
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4933)
Stringer EM, Sinkala M, Ng'uni C, McFarlane YA, Chipimo M, Myzece E, Chi BH, Stringer JS;;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
In Oct 2001, we initiated a NVP-based program for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) at two clinics in Lusaka, Zambia . We sought to deploy services quickly and efficiently and relied heavily upon existing staff in the Lusaka District to provide counseling and other aspects of service pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4934)
Munobwa SJ, King R;;;; THETA (traditional and modern health practitioners together against AIDS and other diseases, Kampala, Uganda
Much has been learned in HIV/AIDS care and prevention since the beginning of the epidemic. However, challenges remain in programme monitoring, evaluation (M&E) and documentation. As a result, programme outcomes remain untold stories in the hearts of those reached by the interventions and many programmes do n
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuPeC4935)
Dyatlov R, Kozlov A, Khmyrov A, Tate J, Weir S;;;; The Biomedical Center, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
Objectives: To identify places with a high rate of partnership formation and places where injection drug users socialize in St. Petersburg and obtain their characteristics that would be helpful for further interventions. Methods: Interviews were conducted with community informants in three districts to identify public
