Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1230)
Franti M, Ramos L, Maloveste S, Geerdes D, Nagashima KA, Ketas TJ, Delgado K, Maddon PJ, Olson WC, Poignard P;;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown NY, United States
Background: The CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 serves as requisite fusion coreceptor for primary HIV-1 isolates. The potential merits of CCR5-targeted therapy have been demonstrated in a host of in vitro studies, molecular epidemiological studies and early-stage human clinical trials. PRO 140 is a novel anti-CCR5 monoclona
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1231)
Demarest J, Shibayama S, Ferris R, Vavro C, St Clair M, Boone L;;;; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
Background: 873140 is an orally bioavailable CCR5 antagonist that binds specifically to human CCR5 with prolonged receptor occupancy demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. 873140 was safe and well tolerated in seven day multiple dose studies of healthy volunteers. The in vitro anti-HIV activity of 873140 was evaluated
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1232)
Jiang S, Lu H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Debnath AK;;;; New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
Background: A peptidic HIV-1 fusion inhibitor targeting gp41, T-20 (Brand name: Fuzeon), was recently approved by the US FDA for treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals who fail to respond to the current anti-retrovirus drugs. But it has several disadvantages, including the lack of oral availability and high cost of pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1233)
Lama J;;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
Background: CD4 down-modulation is essential for the production of HIV infectious particles. Disease progression correlates with enhanced viral induced CD4 down-modulation, and a subset of long-term nonprogressors carry viruses defective in this function. Despite multiple evidence highlighting the importance of this fu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1234)
Alfano M, Grivel JC, Ghezzi S, Corti D, Poli G, Margolis L;;;; AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT-Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Background: Both pertussis toxin (PTX) and its non-toxic subunit (PTX B-oligomer, PTX-B) have shown inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication in several model of in vitro infection, including mitogen-activated PBMC, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and chronically infected U1 cells stimulated by cytokines. PTX-B
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1240)
Srinarong P, Prayngam S, Chunhacha P, Naranuntarat A, Suwanpidokkul N, Arunothayanun P, Eksaengsri A, Kraisintu K;;;; Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: To develop a fixed-dose combination formulation (FDCs) containing three antiretroviral drugs, including nevirapine , lamivudine, and stavudine in a single tablet (GPO-VIR S30™). The new combination tablet was aimed to reduce the cost of treatment and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1271)
de Bethune MP, Vingerhoets J, De Baere I, Azijn H, Van den Bulcke T, Mc Kenna P, Pattery T, Pauwels R;;;; Tibotec, Mechelen, Belgium
Background: TMC125 is a potent next-generation NNRTI, active against wild type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1, and with an increased genetic barrier to development of resistance. Multiple mutations are selected in vitro in the presence of TMC125 (e.g. at positions 100, 179, 181 and 194). Profiling of TMC125 against >5600 cl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1272)
Mitsuya H, Tamiya S, Mardy S, Kavlick MF;;;; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, United States
The emergence of HIV variants highly resistant to multiple anti-HIV agents represents a major cause of treatment failure . Here, we examined the virological and enzymatic significance of amino acid inserts near the Gag cleavage sites seen in primary clinical isolates derived from patients with AIDS who had received 7-1
Objective: To develop a system based on recombinant viruses harbouring reporter genes to analyse the replicative capacity of resistant viruses and the determinants of viral fitness. Material and methods: The following modifications were introduced in the NL4.3 clone: cloning of renilla luciferase in the place of nef an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1274)
Ferguson MR, Han X, Montes-Walters M, Filizzola M, Goetz MB, O'Brien WA;;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States
Background: Many mutations selected by RTI are well described, and have been shown to correlate with decreased virologic response. Although the 3TC /FTC/ABC mutation M184V can diminish the effect of thymidine analog mutations (TAMs - 41L,67N,70R,210W,215Y,219E/Q) on phenotypic sensitivity to ZDV,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1275)
Jorajuria S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Martin S, Orlowski S, Dormont D, Clayette P;;;; Service de Neurovirologie, CEA, CRSSA, EPHE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Background: ABC transporters, such as P-gp and MRP, are efflux pumps that limit the access of anti-HIV drugs to their cell and tissue targets. We previously showed in human macrophages (MDM), that 1) HIV infection transiently upregulates P-gp activity at the transcriptional level in parallel of TNF-ialpha production, a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1276)
Wild CT, Salzwedel K, Goila-Gaur R, Li F, Castillo A, Kilgore NR, Reddick M, Matallana C, Zoumplis D, Martin DE, Allaway GP, Freed EO;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
Background: PA-457 is the first in a new class of antiretrovirals that inhibit HIV replication by disrupting virus maturation. PA-457 blocks a late step in Gag processing that results in defective core condensation and the release of non-infectious virus particles. Specifically, PA-457 disrupts the conversion of the ca
Background: In current HAART therapy of HIV disease most clinically available inhibitors target the viral enzymes PR and RT. However, emerging therapy resistances have created a high need for new drug discovery for alternative inhibitor classes and novel antiviral targets complementing and possibly substituting current
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1308)
Sei S, Yang Q, Roberts P, Zhu W, Stephen A, Adelsberger J, Currents M, Feng Y, Fisher R, Rein A, Shoemaker R;;;; Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, SAIC/NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
Background: The interaction between HIV gp120 and the CD4 receptor is highly specific and involves considerably small contact surface areas. This step has been targeted by various CD4-mimicking proteins, antibodies and gp120-binders, although their in vivo efficacy has yet to be shown. Methods: Through antiviral charac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1309)
Morris KV, Innis L, Chung C, Witke W, Looney DJ;;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92098-0678, United States
Background: Small interfering RNA directed against HIV-1 gag, vif, tat, and rev, and cellular genes necessary for HIV-1 entry (CD4, CCR5) have been shown to inhibit HIV replication in vitro. Among several potential problems faced in the development of siRNA technology for use against HIV-1 is the sequence dependence of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1310)
Rutvisuttinunt W, Meyer PR, Matsuura SE, Rangarajan P, So AG, Scott WA;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
Background: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has the ability to excise nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI) by a reaction that is related to pyrophosphorolysis. This excision reaction can only occur if RT is in an untranslocated position with the bond to be cleaved positioned in its active site and the primer terminus occup
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1311)
Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Roisin A, Robin JP, Vitte AL, Dormont D, Clayette P, Jalinot P;;;; LBMC, UMR5161-CNRS, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
Background: Tat and Rev proteins are necessary to HIV-1 replication. We have developed a rational strategy to identify small peptide sequences capable of penetrating within cells via the Tat basic domain and of binding to these essential HIV-1 regulatory proteins. Methods: Peptides were associated with a stabilizing do
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1312)
Lau TS, Wan CC;;;; Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Background: HIV-1 Integrase is an enzyme that mediates the integration of HIV-1 viral DNA to host genome. RNA interference (RNAi) was demonstrated to suppress specific protein expression through the induction of sequence-specific gene silencing. One of the RNAi approach is to introduce vectors to cells that encode 21-2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1329)
Benhamou Y, Thibault V, Vig P, Valantin MA, Guyon P, Katlama C, Lu B, Currie G, Brosgart CL, Poynard T;;;; GH Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
Background: ADV has shown efficacy and safety in a broad range of populations with chronic hepatitis B , including patients with LAM-R. The objective is to evaluate 4 years (192 weeks) of ADV 10 mg daily in patients with LAM-R HBV co-infected with HIV. Methods: Patients who entered a 1-year pilot study continued ADV fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1235)
von Hentig NH, Mueller A, Haberl A, Lutz T, Knecht G, Kurowski M, Harder S, Staszewski S;;;; University Hospital Pharmazentrum, Frankfurt/M., Germany
Background: Recently it has been demonstrated that AZV independently from RTV may act as a pharmaco-enhancer for SQV. Therefore concomitant boosting of SQV with AZV and RTV may be an option for salvage therapy. Objective: To investigate potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of AZV, SQV and RTV in patients. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1236)
Walmsley S, Leith J, Katlama C, Arasteh K, Pierone G, Blick G, Lazzarin A, Johnson M, Samuels C, Jones P, Chaves R, Quinson A, Kohlbrenner V, McCallister S, Mayers D, Curry K;;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Background: TPV is a novel non-peptidic protease inhibitor with activity against multiple-PI-resistant HIV-1. BI1182.51 was a 24-week, open-label, safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of TPV/r alone or in combination with a second boosted PI, in highly treatment-experienced patients who were genotypic screen failures
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1237)
Miller MD, Myrick F, Borroto-Esoda K;;;; Gilead Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
Background: Antiretroviral therapy with the triple nucleoside combination of abacavir (ABC), tenofovir DF, and lamivudine ( 3TC ) dosed once-daily has resulted in poor treatment outcomes.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1238)
Heripret L, Lavrut T, Durant J, Serini MA, Carsenti H, Dellamonica P, Garraffo R;;;; Infectiology Unit, CHU, Nice, France
Background: Nevirapine-associated hepatotoxicity is multifactorial, but HIV-HCV-coinfection is associated with a greater incidence of hepatotoxicity. Some reports suggest that this could be attributed partly to higher nevirapine plasma levels in coinfected patients. We compare the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1239)
Pitt J, Orrell CJ, Geel J, Van Dyk M, Wood R;;;; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Objective: With the widespread use of nevirapine as first line therapy in antiretroviral access programmes, it is becoming more important to understand the interactions between this drug and other medications commonly used in the treatment of HIV positive individuals. One such interaction is that between nevirapine and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1277)
McGough LJ, Reynolds SJ, Quinn TC, Zenilman J;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Background: The availability of limited funds from international agencies for the purchase of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in developing countries presents challenges and opportunities, especially in prioritizing who should receive therapy. Our objective was to examine historical precedents of allocation of scarce me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1278)
Rabkin M, Tonwe-Gold B, El-Sadr W;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Issues: A fraction of patients (pts) living with HIV/AIDS in resource-poor settings (RPS) have access to care and treatment. Treatment programs have had to limit access in the face of overwhelming demand, creating both medical and non-medical ( social ) eligibility criteria. The MTCT-Plus Initiative, which provides HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1279)
Schneider H, Gilson L, Blaauw D, Chabikuli N, Goudge J;;;; Centre for Health Policy, Johannesburg, South Africa
Issue: Health system strengthening now features centrally in discussions of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Universal access to ART requires a functioning health system, the corollary of which is that massive investments in ART should serve to benefit the health system more widely. South Africa is emba
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1280)
Pape JW, Severe PD, Leger PD, Barbot EB, Deschamps MM, Grand'Pierre RG, Noel FN, Bois GB, Fitzgerald DW, Wright PF, Johnson WD;;;; Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Centres GHESKIO, New York and Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Issues: ART is particularly urgent for HIV+ patients in developing countries because of their more rapid progression to AIDS and death. However, less than 6% of AIDS patients in the developing world are actually receiving ART. For over 21 years GHESKIO has been at the forefront of HIV prevention and care including the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1281)
Fusco H, Chi B, Sinkala M, Stringer JS;;;; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Background: Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs is now a worldwide priority and ambitious targets for numbers of people on ART have been set. PMTCT has been targeted as a primary entry point for ART, often to the exclusion of other populations, such as tuberculosis patients (pts) or medical inpat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1282)
Archibald CP, Alexander P, Gatali M, Geduld J;;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Background: To determine the proportion of HIV+ persons unaware of their infection. Access to voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is a critical component of WHO s new 3 by 5 initiative (providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to 3 million HIV+ people in the developing world by 2005) since diagnosis is the first s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1283)
Ananworanich J, Siangphoe U, Cardiello P, Apateerapong W, Hirschel B, Mahanontharit A, Ubolyam S, Srasuebkul P, Hill A, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Ruxrungtham K;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Background: To evaluate safety, ARV use, adverse events (AE), quality of life (QOL) of structured treatment interruption (STI) in Thai patients. Methods: 74 NRTI pre-treated patients were given 2NRTIs+SQV-HGC1600 mg/RTV100 mg qday. When the CD4 count was >350 cells/mm3 and VL
Background: Several trials are currently assessing the benefits and risks of successful antiretroviral STI, most of them in industrialised countries. We report here the progress of a multicentric randomised STI trial which was started in Abidjan in Decembre 2002. Methods: In the Trivacan trial, 840 antiretroviral naive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1285)
Marchou B, Molina JM, Tangre P, Charreau I, Gueguen S, Ragnaud JM, Katlama C, May T, Girard PM, Morlat P, Aboulker JP; Hosp Purpan, Toulouse, France
Background: Lifelong HAART associated-toxicity is a real concern. ANRS 106 - WINDOW trial compares 2 strategies: intermittent vs continuous HAART. Objective: To assess the safety of intermittent therapy (IT: 6 cycles alternating 8 weeks-off, 8 weeks-on HAART) versus continuous therapy (CT) for a 96-week period. Study d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1286)
Castagna A, Danise A, Carini E, Boeri E, Galli L, Gianotti N, De Bona A, Hasson H, Guffanti M, Seminari E, Clementi M, Lazzarin A;;;; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Background: The M184V mutation, frequently selected by lamivudine ( 3TC ), seems to reduce viral fitness and so its maintenance by means of sustained drug pressure may delay immunological failure (IF). The aim of Experienced-184V (E-184V) study is to assess the frequency of IF (CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1287)
Gorgolas M, Bernaldo de Quiros JC, Arranz A, Santos I, Estrada V, Sanz J;;;; Infectious Diseases Division/Fundacion Jimenez Diaz/Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of switching protease inhibitor (PI) to nevirapine ( NVP ) in maintaining viral control and limiting undesirable side-effects in HIV infected patients with undetectable viral load. Methods: Randomized, multicenter, open label
Background: ESPRIT is an international, phase III, open-labelled randomised trial to evaluate the clinical benefit of subcutaneous IL-2 in subjects with baseline CD4 >/=300/muL. We set out to identify factors related to a CD4 count increase in 8 months of follow-up in those assigned IL-2. Three cycles of IL-2 were to b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1289)
Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Tungyai P, Kummee A, Jenjaroen K, Winiyakul N, Malitong P, Chonladarat T, Ruangsirinusorn S, Sangsawang S, Srichandraphan W, Jitphiankha W, Laphikanont W, Haesungcharern A, Lallemant MJ;;;; Harvard School of Public Health/IRD054/Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: Studies performed in Africa and Europe using a single intrapartum dose of nevirapine ( NVP ) to reduce HIV vertical transmission has shown that NVP exposure was followed by the selection of viruses with NNRTI resistance associated mutations in a significan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1290)
Pillay CC, Gray G, Chezzi C, Ntsala M, Stevens G, Stevens W, Lupondwana P, Martinson N, Puren A, Moodley D, McIntyre J, Morris L;;;; National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
Background: One of the potential obstacles to the success of nevirapine ( NVP ) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 is the emergence of drug resistant variants. This study assessed the rates of resistance among infants enrolled in the standard regimen (SR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1291)
C Hicks1, B da Silva2, C Benson3, P Wolfe4, R Gulick5, M Glesby5, A C White6, R Murphy7, H Kessler8, M Albrecht9, M Thompson10, J Eron11, K R King2, F McMillan2, S Brun2, M King2
Results of extensive genotypic resistance testing over more than 5 years confirm the absence of protease inhibitor resistance in ARV-naïve patients receiving LPV/r. Likewise, no genotypic resistance to d4T was observed, and 3TC resistance was uncommon.
Background: Enfuvirtide is a recently released fusion inhibitor. Resistance testing has generally been limited to 10 gp-41 amino acid (AA) positions. Our objectives were to: 1) Develop a new genotypic resistance assay that assesses the entire gp-41 sequence; 2) Determine polymorphisms in a large untreated cohort and 3)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1293)
Lafeuillade A, Hittinger G, Delbeke E, Poggi C;;;; General Hospital, Toulon, France
Background: HIV-1 resistance testing is not usually recommended with low viremia levels. We assessed genotypic resistance evolution in patients on a maintained antiretroviral regimen despite detectable viremia between 50 and 1000 copies/ml. Methods: Selected cases from a series of 1200 HIV-1-infected patients had 2 gen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1294)
Haubrich RH, Hernandez J, Bates M, Thompson M, Margolis D, Pappa K, Yau L, Schooley R;;;; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Background: Reduced RC has been correlated with decreased disease progression in minimally treated and CD4 maintenance in experienced patients. Methods: Isolates from ART experienced subjects entering ESS40006 were assessed using genotype, phenotype and RC [ViroLogic] while on a failing PI-based ART regimen prior to an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1313)
Wangai M, Macharia D, Marum L, Odera D, Munyisia E, Gathendu B, Chebet KL;;;; Kenya National AIDS/STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
Issues: In Kenya , up to 1.8 million people are HIV infected, and it is estimated that 280,000 currently have AIDS. HIV has negatively impacted on economic productivity, literacy levels, infant mortality and life expectancy, thereby posing a significant risk to national development and security. ART can mitigate some o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1314)
Gove S, Celletti F;;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Issues: Decentralization of ARV therapy (ART) and provision by non-doctors are essential to achieve the 3 by 5 target. Description: WHO has coordinated the development of the Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness (IMAI) guidelines and training materials, based on a working group involving 22 WHO Departm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1315)
Leusaree T, Khemngern P, Wiboolsanti S, Siri S, Vitsupakorn K, Dettrairat S, Panpanich R;;;; Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: The Ministry of Public Health supports antiretroviral therapy (ART) for symptomatic HIV/AIDS patients and asymptomatic HIV with CD4 counts
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1316)
Studdert LJ, Reid EA;;;; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Issues: As the epidemic progresses, HIV care, support and treatment join prevention as priority areas. In mid-2002, WHO announced it would lead efforts to significantly increase access to antiretroviral therapy by 2005. However, the delivery of HIV treatments and care in resource-poor settings presents new challenges t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1317)
Ferradini L, Mace C, Pinoges L, Cirera A, Pascual F, Humblet P, Szumilin E, Torres V, Zachariah R, Pecoul B, Calmy A;;;; Epicentre, Paris, France
Background: Adherence is a constant concern in countries that are scaling-up antiretroviral treatment. The use of Fixed Drug Combinations (FDCs) reduces pill burden and is known to be associated with increased adherence. MSF is now using pre-qualified FDCs containing stavudine /lamivudine/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1318)
Haidula M, Holland S, Kenyon TA, Musheko D, van der Veen F, Bussell K;;;; Social Marketing Association, Windhoek, Namibia
Background: The Social Marketing Association of Namibia opened 3 freestanding VCT centers in Windhoek and Oshakati in February 2003. The Government of Namibia announced plans to introduce ART in nearby government hospitals in May 2003. We evaluated the effect that the announcement had on clientele at the centers. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1319)
Hofer CB, Schechter M, Harrison LH;;;; HUCFF Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro -Brazil
Background: Lack of adherence is a major cause of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. The objective of this study was to describe the ART adherence rate in the public health system in Rio de Janeiro, where patients receive ART free of charge, and to identify causes associated with lack of adherence. Methods: Patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1320)
Desclaux A, Laniece I, Diop K, Sow K, Ciss M, Ndiaye B, Ndoye I;;;; French Cooperation/Multisectorial Aids Control Program, Dakar, Senegal
Background: To assess long term adherence to antiretroviral therapies (ART) and its main determinants in a prospective cohort followed in an African context. Methods: 167 adults receiving ART within the Senegalese National Program were followed over four years. At least every two months, the pharmacist recorded the qua
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1322)
Giordano TP, Guzman D, Clark R, Charlebois ED, Bangsberg DR;;;; Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
Background: Current methods of quantitatively assessing adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) are too cumbersome for clinical use. We examined the performance of a simple adherence tool based on a visual analogue scale (VAS), compared to one based on 3-day recall (3DR), using unannounced pill counts (UP
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1323)
Oyugi JH, Byakika JT, Ragland K, Mugyenyi P, Kityo C, Mugerwa R, Bangsberg DR;;;; University of California San Francisco and Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa, San Francisco, United States
Background: Market competition, reductions in drug pricing and low cost make generic antiretroviral drug regimens widely prescribed in resource-poor settings. Triomune™ (Tri) and Maxivir™ (Max), generic co-formulations of D4T/ 3TC / nevirapin
Issue: Adherence in ART is essential to maximize the benefits of treatment and minimize possibilities of resistance mutations. However ensuring a high level of adherence is very difficult, especially in cases of children on ART. This paper will provide an example of lessons learned through experience of a regional hosp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1325)
Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Teshale E, Brooks JT, Wolfe MI;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: Prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis C (HCV) is high among HIV-infected persons. Despite numerous studies, controversy persists as to whether coinfection is associated with poorer survival. Methods: We used data from the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease project, a longitudinal medical record
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1326)
Tural C, Gomez G, Martinez MA, Perez N, Fuster D, Ballesteros AL, Sirera G, Ruiz L, Schuurman R, Rey-Joly C, Planas R, Clotet B;;;; HIV Clinical Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
Background: Structured treatment interruption (STI) approaches have been studied for their possible clinical utility in the management of HIV-infected patients(p) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART modifies plasma HCV RNA levels. Objective: To study the changes in HCV RNA plasma levels that may occu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1327)
Duncombe CJ, Law WP, Mahanontharit A, Boyd MA, Ruxrungtham K, Lange JM, Phanuphak P, Cooper DA, Dore GJ;;;; HIV-NAT, The Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Research Collaboration, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Chronic viral hepatitis may impact on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy Methods: HIV RNA suppression, CD4 cell count recovery, and HIV disease progression were examined in a cohort of Thai HIV-infected patients enrolled in eight HIV-NAT randomized controlled trials of antiretroviral therapy. All patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1328)
Antonucci G, Cozzi Lepri A, Petrelli E, Carnevale G, Grossi PA, Vigano P, d'Arminio Monforte A, Capobianchi MR, Solmone M, Girardi E, Carletti F, Ippolito G;;;; INMI L. Spallanzani V. Portuense, Rome, Italy
Background: The relative prognostic roles of HCV viremia and GBV-C viremia in HIV+ve treated with HAART is undefined. Methods: A prospective, observational study of 352 HIV+ve patients who had achieved viral load (VL)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1330)
d'Arminio-Monforte A, Cicconi P, Cozzi-Lepri A, Matteelli A, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Mena M, Moioli MC, Ortolani P, Bertelli D, Montroni M, Moroni M;;;; University, Milan, Italy
Background: Data on STD are poorly recorded in cohorts of HIV pts. Methods: STDs recorded in ICoNA are: syphilis(unspecified if primary), acute hepatitis B (HBV), gonorrhoea(gon), HSV genital ulcers, genital can
Background: In 2003, PSI/ Cambodia produced a television soap opera, Punishment of Love (PoL), as part of its HIV/AIDS prevention campaign. Developed in accordance with traditional Cambodian culture, religious values and ethical considerations, the campaign provided health messages that aimed to enable viewers to impro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1246)
Matsubayashi K, Tanasugarn C, Lagampan S, Samnuanklang M, Singhaniyom S;;;; Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Background: The Internet is popular among adolescents. It can be one of the important tools for them to get useful information on sexual and reproductive health (S/RH) and to choose safer sexual behaviors. This survey was conducted to investigate the adolescents S/RH information seeking behaviors on Internet and its re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1249)
Slack CM, Strode A, Lindegger G, Milford C, Stobie M, Manegold J; University of KwaZulu-Natal, South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Issues: The participation of children in HIV preventive vaccine trials poses complex ethical and legal challenges. Description: In South Africa , HIV vaccine trials are currently focusing on adults who can give independent consent for participation. However the enrollment of children must be considered because of the n
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1250)
Kent DM, Mwamburi DM, Bennish ML, Kupelnick B, Ioannides JP;;;; Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, United States
Background: The minimum standard of care required for subjects in clinical trials conducted in resource-poor settings is a matter of controversy, and international documents offer contradictory guidance. Methods: We systematically reviewed all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, published
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1251)
Anyanti J, Ankomah A, Mamman-Daura F, Omoregie G;;;; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Background Most conventional research efforts at investigating consistent condom use among sex-workers have been ineffective as sex workers have good reasons to mistrust and resist researchers, and social desirability often leads to reported higher-than-actual levels of condom use. Methods 25 brothels were selected in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1252)
Waruru AK, Nduati R, Tylleskar T;;;; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Background: Understanding infant feeding practices in the context of HIV and factors that put mothers at risk for HIV infection is an important step towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Face-to-face (FTF) interviewing may not be a suitable way of ascertaining this information because respo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1296)
Wolitski RJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and hepatitis are more prevalent among prisoners than in the general US population. This affects the health of 1.3 million men in US prisons and the communities where they return. Incarceration presents an opportunity to implement prevention programs, but there a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1297)
Wood E, Small W, Spittal P, Miller C, Kerr T, Tyndall M, Schechter M;;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Few prospective studies of incarceration and its relationship to HIV risk among IDU in the community are available. We evaluated rates of syringe sharing and incarceration among a cohort of injection drug users. Methods: We performed analyses of: 1) syringe lending by HIV-infected IDU and 2) syringe borrowi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1299)
Ayub AY;;;; DOST Welfare Foundation, Peshawar, Pakistan
Issues: In NWFP, Pakistan there are more than 500 juveniles of age 18 and below, who are incarcerated mainly in the three central prisons i.e. Peshawar, Haripur and DI Khan prisons. Lack of facilities for medical care, awareness, counseling, legal help, recreation, education etc result in traumatic stress and state of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1300)
Ireland E, Chaiphech N;;;; Save the Children, Bangkok, Thailand
Issues: Between 1996 and 2000, the number of children in detention centres in Thailand increased from 23,500 to 35,439. In 2000 half of these were being detained as a result of drug-related offences. These figures highlight considerable potential for detention facilities to be used as a means of providing drug abuse an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1321)
Sethi AK, Celentano DD, Gallant JE, Vlahov D;;;; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
Background: Previously, we showed that HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, who were actively using experienced delays in initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) despite being indicated for treatment. In the present study, we examine factors associated with the discontin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1331)
Choi K, Lui H, Guo Y, Han L, Mandel JS;;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, United States
Background: China is experiencing concentrated HIV epidemics among injection drug users, sex workers, and former plasma donors. Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV, little is known about their HIV test seeking behavior. Methods: We conducted, to our knowledge, the first large HIV prevalenc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1332)
Dandona R, Dandona L, Radhakrishnan S, Kumar GA, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; F.P.P. Team-Asci, Centre for Public Health Research, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
Background: Condom use for penetrative anal sex is one of the major strategies for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to understand the barriers to condom use by MSM in Andhra Pradesh, India , as part of a baseline assessment for an impact assessment study of HIV prevention.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1333)
del Romero J;;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Madrid, Spain
Objective: Most of the HIV studies and preventive programmes directed towards commercial sex workers have centred on women. Male sex workers are neither visible nor easy to access. We aim to assess HIV prevalence and predictive factors for this infection among male sex workers in Spain . Methods: This study analysed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1334)
Stolte IG, de Wit JB, van Eeden A, Coutinho RA, Dukers NH;;;; Municipal Health Service, Cluster of infectious diseases, HIV&STI research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Background: A previous study found that the HAART-related belief perceiving less HIV/AIDS threat since HAART is associated with a switch to risky sex with casual partners (CP) among HIV-negative homosexual men (HM). We now prospectively studied the influence of HAART-related beliefs (HB), and the perceived viral load l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1336)
Parry JV, Murphy G, Charlett A, Osner N, Brown A, Gill ON;;;; Sexually Transmitted & Bloodborne Virus Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
Background: The Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) was applied to left over anti-HIV-1 positive serum specimens from MSM attending 15 Sexually transmitted infection clinics collaborating in a UK unlinked anonymous serosurvey (UAS). Methods: STARHS was performed on anti-HIV-1 positive s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1242)
Hancock ME, Adie CE, O'Keeffe CM, Blois G;;;; Mildmay International, Southend on Sea, United Kingdom
Mildmay International (MI) has been providing successful traditional training in HIV/AIDS care and management in many countries throughout the world, for example, Kenya , Nigeria , Uganda , Tanzania , Zimbabwe ,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1243)
Underwood CR, Hochanda H, Serlemitsos ET, Bharath U;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Background: The Helping Each other Act Responsibly Together (HEART) Campaign is a media-based program designed for youth and by youth to inform young people about HIV/AIDS, discuss ways to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, and promote abstinence and condom use. Hypothesis I: campaign exposure will be positively corr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1245)
Montano DE, Kasprzyk D, St ME;;;; Louis, G.B. Woelk, S. Hader. Battelle, Seattle, United States
Background: The Mopani Junction (MJ) Radio Drama, supported by Zimbabwe-CDC, was designed by Media for Development Trust to entertain, inform and encourage behavior change to prevent HIV. It was developed via qualitative formative research with target audience members and started airing in February, 2003. A survey was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1247)
Corneli A, Sorenson J, Nkhoma J, Moses A, Zulu C, Chilima J, Bowling JM, Henderson G, Bentley M, Martinson F, Jones D, Ahmed Y, Heilig C, Kazembe P, Jamieson D, van der Horst C;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Background: Findings from a study conducted in Lilongwe on participation in a clinical trial suggested participants believed medicines have already been tested to be safe and efficacious; they would be assigned to a study arm based on their health needs; and the trial was designed to benefit them. Given that comprehens
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1248)
Elam GA, Macdonald N, Evans B, Gilbart V, Hickson F, Imrie J, McGarrigle CA, Power R, Fenton K;;;; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
Background: One in five diagnoses of HIV infection acquired through sex between men in the UK indicates recent infection. INSIGHT was established to explore the sexual behaviour, attitudes and lifestyles of gay and bisexual men who HIV test to understand the risk factors for HIV seroconversion. INSIGHT, funded by the M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1253)
Edmondson JC, Mfune P, Kamanga A, Raimundo I, Namuumda C;;;; UNFPA, Harare, Zimbabwe
Issues: A socio-cultural approach to HIV prevention has been developed in a multi- country project sponsored by 4 research institutions and UNFPA. The overall aim is to accelerate behavioural change in HIV prevention by making interventions (service delivery, BCC and advocacy) more reflective of local socio-cultural co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1254)
Pulerwitz J, Lippman S, Setubal MS, Chinaglia M, Takae-Ogura C, van Dam J, Diaz J;;;; Horizons Program/PATH, Washington, DC, United States
Background: One of the main challenges to the successful implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention, testing, and treatment programs is stigma and discrimination. When attempting to reach mobile groups, such as truckers, issues of stigma are additionally complex, since public perception often is that they are carriers of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1255)
Richter K, England S;;;; Population Services International, Washington DC, United States
Background: Voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) is a proven HIV prevention intervention as well as a key entry point into care and support services. This study presents multi-country data on the motivations for and barriers to seeking VCT drawn from social marketing programs and examines the strategies that social m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1256)
Gordon J, Bombardella P;;;; Infant Feeding Research Project, Cape Town, South Africa
Issues: Although it is well known that HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, recent clinical studies have shown that this risk increases through mixed feeding. As such, UNAIDS /UNICEF/WHO recommends either exclusive breast feeding or exclusive formula feeding for a period of 4 - 6 months. As a result of these fin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1257)
Sodhi G;;;; Swaasthya, New Delhi, India
Issues: According to current estimates, of all new HIV infections in India , 40% is in young people. This, despite many years of programming efforts. The situation calls for programmes that are rooted in empirical evidence and evidence being strategically used to inform the broader framework and content of programmes.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1258)
Mendelson F, Mtshizana Y, Hani A, Flisher A, Mathews C, Bekker LG;;;; The Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Approximately 5.5 million South Africans are infected with HIV and over 60% of new infections occur in those aged 15-25y. Fifty per cent are sexually active by age 16, with sexual debut recorded as early as 13y. Attempts to alter sexual behaviour, attitudes and norms have been largely unsuccessful. Few of t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1335)
Carballo-Dieguez A, Shedlin M, Dowsett G, Remien R, Lin P, Dolezal C, Balan I, Ventuneac A;;;; HIV Center, Columbia University and NYSPI, New York, United States
Background: Gay men use the Internet to seek sexual partners willing to intentionally engage in unprotected anal sex. Our study seeks to understand the psychosocial and contextual variables at play in these virtual encounters. Methods: In Phase I of our study, we systematically selected six popular Internet sites used
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1241)
kelly KJ, Kincaid L, Parker W, Ntlabati P;;;; CADRE, Grahamstown, South Africa
Issues: The paper is concerned with understanding the challenges of evaluating mass media entertainment-education programmes given that the variables that influence exposure may also be associated with outcome variables making it difficult to establish equivalent exposed and unexposed groups. Description: Tsha Tsha is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1259)
Gruskin S, Tarantola D, Maluwa M, Ahmed S;;;; International Health and Human Rights Program, FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
Issues: The availability of antiretrovirals has brought new attention to the consensus around voluntary counseling and testing. Guidance on national policies therefore has to fully take into account the growing challenges of HIV testing and counseling in different settings. Human rights protections in the design and im
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1260)
Hunter AP;;;; Network of sex work projects, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Whilst the role of HIV amongst injectors is now largely understood in relation to the transmission of HIV, drug users themsleves are largely absent from local, regional and international programme and policy decisions. The goal of the study was to review the literature on drug users, HIV and human rights an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1261)
Amin A;;;; Center for Health and Gender Equity, Takoma Park, United States
Issues: In low prevalence settings, targeted interventions (TI) are recommended to prevent the spread of HIV from high-risk groups such as sex workers to the general population. This paper examines the implementation of TI for sex workers in India s AIDS program from a health and human rights framework. With an estimat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1262)
Klepikov A, Hyde L;;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Kyiv, Ukraine
Issues: In the context of HIV/AIDS in the region, promotion and protection of human rights, reducing stigma and discrimination and improving the effectiveness of national HIV/AIDS response are fundamentally linked. International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine analysed Ukrainian HIV-related legislation and compared it to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1263)
Alexandrova A;;;; Canadian AIDS Society, Ottawa, Canada
Issues: With over sixty candidate products in th epipeline, an effective microbicides can be on the market this decade. While there is a long history of community advocacy for microbicides in Canada , the federal government pays little attention to microbicides. There is only one potential microbicide in development in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1264)
Binswanger HP, Lwabayii R, van Nguyen TV;;;; World Bank, Washington DC, United States
Issues: In sub-Saharan Africa there are virtually no programs to combat HIV/AIDS and violence affecing minorities engaging in same gender sexual relations (MSM and WSW). New studies show that violence and AIDS are a high risk for these vulnerable groups, which are larger than normally assumed. Description: The literatu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1265)
Ndyanabangi BA, Osewe G, Ncube B, Shongwe S, Hayman J;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA, United States
Background: The burden of HIV is beyond what the national health systems in ECSA can handle, and efforts to scale up effective programs have intensified. VCT is recognized as central to combating the epidemic through prevention and care. Access to antiretroviral therapy is increasing; however, only about 10% of people
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1266)
Khongphatthanayothin M, Tantipaibulvut S, Nookhai S, Chunchee P, Phanuphak P;;;; The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: The Thai Red Cross (TRC) Anonymous Clinic in Bangkok, established in 1991, was Asia s first voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centre for HIV. The clinic also serves as an entry point to care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Following the HIV diagnosis, clients are offered a CD4 count at an affo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1267)
Maman S, Medley AM, Garcia-Moreno C, McGill S;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: This paper synthesizes the rates, barriers, and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among women. Disclosure of HIV serostatus can reduce anxiety and increase social support, expand awareness of risk to untested partners, increase opportunities for risk reduction, enable couples to make
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1268)
Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Routh J, Fiamma A, Lane T, Fritz K, Morin SF;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Background: Despite the importance of knowing one s HIV status, the uptake of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) remains low in sub-Saharan Africa. As part of developing an HIV prevention strategy involving mobile VCT, we explored relationships among motivations, barriers and acceptance of VCT. Methods: A mobil
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1269)
Mukadi YD, Bangendanye L, Karibushi B, Ngabonziza M, Rwakunda D, Usabinema A, Sahaha JB, van Praag E, Murray D;;;; FHI-Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Issues: Tremendous momentum exists for quickly scaling up ART programs to reach the maximum number of people in need of HIV treatment. A venue where a high proportion of HIV infected persons needing treatment can be reached is the TB clinic. However, access of TB patients to HIV counseling and testing services (HCT) ha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1270)
Taegtmeyer M, Ikahu A, Mutsungah Y, Theobald S, Doyle V;;;; Liverpool VCT Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
Issues: The year 2003 has seen a rapid scale-up of VCT in Kenya and across Africa. However access to VCT services remains inequitable and the speed of scale-up has led to quality concerns. Description: This paper integrates different methods and philosophies of VCT service provision into a systematic approach that is q
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1295)
Zack B;;;; Centerforce, San Quentin, United States
Issue: Prevalence rates of HIV and hepatitis B /C in the prison population are much greater than the free population; this is true worldwide. Much of this is due to the number of injecting drug users in prison. The intraprison transmission of blood-borne infections, sometimes in the form of explosive outbreaks, has als
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1298)
Kerr T, Curtis M, Jurgens R;;;; Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Montreal, Canada
Issues: Despite considerable efforts to control the supply of drugs, illicit drug use persists in prisons throughout the world. High rates of incarceration among drug users, and resistance on the part of prison authorities to harm reduction programs have contributed to epidemics of HIV/AIDS in various settings. Given t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1301)
Tapfumaneyi WO, Banda F, Hanefeld J, Mishra A, Varma M, Ossiya S, Turyatemba C, Mwirumubi J, Louis JC, Scalway T;;;; Panos Southern Africa, Lusaka, Zambia
Issues: The Panos Global AIDS Programme presents an analysis of HIV/AIDS public participation in policy agenda-setting in four focus countries. The study aims: To analyse the extent to which those most affected by the pandemic are involved in HIV/AIDS policy. To identify successes and failures of some key participatory
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1302)
Crone ET;;;; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
There is an emerging women s movement in HIV as evidenced by international initiatives and local efforts. This movement is an essential aspect of addressing the pandemic, preventing its spread and ameliorating its toll, as it is a means of involving stakeholders at all levels in the response. Human rights are the drivi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1303)
Yang Y, Zhang KL;;;; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Background: HIV/AIDS has been described as a global security issue and is commonly referred to as a disease epidemic that is accompanied by an epidemic of stigma. Large population centres in China , and the rest of Asia have been largely untouched by the epidemic but are projected to become major sources of new infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1304)
Elliott RT, Taylor AR;;;; Global Justice/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
With half of all new HIV infections occurring in young people ages 15-24, students need the skills to participate in what is increasingly their fight: the fight against the worldwide AIDS pandemic. In this session, we present a reproducible model for training high school, undergraduate, and graduate students as HIV/AID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1305)
Banerjee S, Torres MA;;;; International Council of AIDS Service Organizations, Toronto, Canada
Issues: Implementation of the Declaration of Commitment (DoC) is a government led process with active civil society (CS) participation. In 2003 member states were asked by the UN to report back on indicators developed by UNAIDS to monitor progress made towards reaching the 2003 targets. Though the onus to report is on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1306)
Doupe A;;;; Geneva, Switzerland
Issue: Creating a supportive social and political environment involves protecting the human rights of PLWHA. Description: Mapping the national and state (if applicable) legal and regulatory framework of a country and analysing this in relation to the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights can be used to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1337)
Foncha CA, Kganakga C, Poole C, Nocawe N;;;; MSF, Lusikisiki, South Africa
Issue: SA is hard hit by HIV/AIDS with about 6 million PWAs. With high prevalence (41% test +ve in our program) and high stigma, involvement of PWAs in the implementation of a program helps break the stigma and overcome shortage of human resources. At the same time, it empowers the patient and cultivates a positive att
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1338)
Frolov A, Khodakevich N;;;; AIDS Foundation East-West (AFEW), Moscow, Russian Federation
Issue: One of the world s fastest growing HIV epidemics lies in the RF. As of December 2003, nearly 260 000 HIV cases were officially registered, including 35 000 incarcerated persons. Lack of funding for health promotion and HIV prevention in prisons left inmates and staff with little or no knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Risk
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1339)
Cates JR;;;; Univerisity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Issues: Mass media campaigns have been criticized for having insider bias of the message producers and for being more effective in adding knowledge than changing behavior. In 2002, a partnership among MTV Networks International, the Kaiser Family Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the nonprofit orga
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1341)
Souza MB, Schechter M, Yoshida CB, Pedrosa J, Santos GR, Weinstein A;;;; Projeto Praca Onze- UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Issues: The conduct of ethical HIV vaccine research is dependent upon meaningful community participation in all stages. Worldwide, HIV vaccine research sites have been developing community education programs to build capacity among community members (stakeholders; civil society representatives) in order to empower them
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1342)
Munisi W, Mahongo T, Msuya G, Masuki G, Msaky H, Kironde S, Saba J;;;; Kilombero District Council, Ifakara, Tanzania
Issues: Multi-sectoral involvement is key in successful implementation and design of PMTCT programs in high burden settings. Description: In 2001, a needs assessment team of representatives from national, regional, district and community levels evaluated the feasibility of providing PMTCT to hard-to-reach women in rura
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5596)
Lai S, Lima JA;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Background: Although cocaine use and HIV infection have been linked with clinical cardiovascular disease, the effects of cocaine use and HIV infection, especially the combination of HIV infection and cocaine use, on subclinical disease have not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cocaine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5597)
Gallagher AL, Azevedo MN, Tuma MF, Zancaron AL;;;; University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: The association of rheumatological manifestations and the infection caused by HIV has been found and described in literature since 1987, with a fluctuation in range from of lt 1% to gt 10%, without information about the utilization of antiretroviral treatment. The objectives of this work were the determinat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5598)
Gras G, Bossuet C, Vaufrey F, Conde F, Chretien F, Pichon J, Hantraye P, Le Grand R, Dormont D;;;; Service de Neurovirologie, UMR-E1 CEA, DSV/DRM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Background: Neuronal injury associated with HIV infection has sometimes been evidenced by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([1]H-MRS) with a decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA). However, most MRS studies only studied a few metabolites and not glutamate, a putative major neurotoxin in AIDS. We thus evaluated, in S
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5599)
Tran MK, Kirkiacharian S, Caprani A, Maurisson G;;;; Association Positifs, Paris, France
Background: HIV 1 Nef is a kind of complex mosaic protein, endowed with many unrelated functions. One of the recent discovery (Greenway A. L., 2002) is that Nef has the same properties than mdm2, namely Nef binds to and inhibits p53, the major tumor suppressor protein, implicated in half of all the cancers. Our objecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5600)
Hoke A, Keswani S, Polley M, Leitz G, McArthur JC;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protects central nervous system neurons against cytotoxic insults. However, the role of endogenous erythropoietin in HIV patients with neuropathy and the effects of exogenous rhEPO on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and Schwann cells are unknown. We examin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5601)
Sud A, Chhetri D, Nehra R, Das CP, Bambery P, Singh S;;;; PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Background: Cognitive impairment develops in 30% of patients with AIDS. Mild neurocognitive disorder is the most common and early diagnosis can modulate management. Objectives: To screen HIV-infected patients for early cognitive dysfunction. To compare 3 different tests: mini mental state examination (MMSE), neurophysi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5603)
Hooi AY;;;; Barking Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom
Background: Arthralgia usually of mild to moderate intensity and intermittent is not an uncommon manifestation of patients with HIV infection. It is characterised by bony pain of short duration usually with absence of inflammation. The purpose of this study is to assess the type and frequency of arthralgia among HIV pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5604)
Chiurtu A, Dumitrescu F, Cupsa A, Romanescu F;;;; Regional Center of Survey and Monitoring HIV/AIDS Infection, Craiova, Romania
Background: Mucocutaneous involvement is present in 50-80% of HIV-infected patients, often as first manifestation, its severity and persistence raising suspicion of HIV infection. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of main mucocutaneous diseases in horizontally HIV-infected children with antiretroviral therapy accord
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5605)
Macheru NM;;;; African Concern Outreach, Nairobi, Kenya
Issues: Poverty and the HIV/AIDS challenge are inextricably inter-wined. subsequently, poverty reduction has been our key issue in the process of developing HIV/AIDS programmes for our target groups. findings from our baseline survey indicate that sexual promiscuity among the youth in search of quick money has been on
Skin rashes are some of the most common opportunistic infections in PLWHA found among the clients in the Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria . Like most other resource-limited countries of the world, conventional drugs for skin medication are out of the reach of common people. Traditional medicine is African and carr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5607)
Pretorius GS, Jooste WJ, Zeier M, Beverley PC, Tchilian EZ, Boxall S, Kotze MJ;;;; Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme (HPP), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
Background: Increased risk of HIV-infection in the Caucasian population has previously been attributed to the 77C[right arrow]G polymorphism in the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45/PTPRC) gene and this point mutation is virtually absent in African populations. Identification of possible functional mut
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5608)
Araujo F, Ribeiro N, Gomes H, Marques R, Mota-Miranda A;;;; Molecular Biology Center-Dept. of Transfusiona Medicine and Blood Bank, Porto, Portugal
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic profile of the patients and characteristics of the virus in order to determine the influence of these interactions in the prognosis of patients and response to treatment. Methods: Three populations of patients were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and
Background: Human T Lymphotropic Virus I (HTLV-I)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognizes the products of the HTLV-I Tax, in the context of HLA-A2 and kills their target through a perforin dependent mechanism. The efficiency of the CTL response may lead the HTLV-I infested individuals. Materials and Method: I
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5610)
Nakayama EE, Tanaka Y, Nagai Y, Iwamoto A, Shioda T;;;; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases/Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Background A valine-to-isoleucine substitution at the 64th position of CCR2 (CCR2-64I) is associated with a delay in progression to AIDS in HIV-1-infected individuals. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of this allele. Methods: We analyzed the effect of the 64I su
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5611)
Nagy K, Kemeny B, Beres J, Horvath A;;;; National Institute of Dermato- Venerology, Budapest, Hungary
Background: The chemokine receptor CCR5 represents the major coreceptor for the macrophage (M) tropic HIV. In the European population a mutant allele of the CCR5 gene (delta 32) is widespread, which carries a 32 bp deletion, rendering the protein useless for its function. Carriers of the CCR5 delta 32 have a partial pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5612)
Price P, James I, Fernandez S, French MA;;;; University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Background: Some HIV patients treated with HAART never resolve their plasma viraemia and in others HIV RNA virus can reappear after a period of virological control. We investigate whether polymorphisms in cytokine genes affect control of viral replication over five years on HAART. Methods: Plasma HIV RNA levels were as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5613)
Myazawa M, Kanari Y, Clerici M, Abe H, Kawabata H, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Mazzotta F, Fijisawa H, Niwa A, Ishihara C, Takei YA;;;; Dept Immunol, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
Several host genes have been associated with natural resistance against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection or either delayed or accelerated development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after HIV-1 seroconversion. Among existing human clusters showing natural resistance to HIV-1 infection, there
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5614)
Pretorius GS, Zeier M, Vorster HH, Venter C, Kruger A, George G, Beutler E, Kotze MJ;;;; Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals experience a range of haematological complications, including anaemia, representing a prognostic marker for future disease progression or death, independent of CD4+ counts or viral load. Given the ability of HIV to alter iron metabolism, identification
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5615)
Katze MG;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Background: Little is known at the global level concerning the host response to lentivirus infection. We therefore initiated studies to learn what occurs inside a AIDS infected cell and animal using high throughout and computational biology approaches. Particular attention has been focused on the adaptive and innate im
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5616)
Ryabov GS, Kazennova EV, Zverev SY, Pokrovsky VV, Bobkov AF, Weber JN;;;; The D.I.Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Background: The CCR5 and CCR2 chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms have been shown to influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression. These observations have arisen from studies of HIV-exposed or HIV-infected cohorts where infection has been acquired sexually or via HIV-contaminated blood and its
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5617)
Choremi-Papadopoulou H, Tsalimalma K, Lekka H, Kontos AN, Spyropoulou M, Stavropoulos K, Kordossis TH;;;; Immunology Dept., Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
The incidence and clinical outcome of HIV infection are influenced by differences in viral strains and host genetic factors. There are many reports of HLA association with HIV disease progression although these studies can be complicated by many factors. In this report we analysed HLA class I (A,B,C) Ags by serology an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5618)
Zhu D, Nakamura H, Goto M, Odawara T, Nakamura T, Yamada H, Kotaki H, Iwamoto A, Kitamura Y;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) show variable response to antiretroviral therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) such as nelfinavir (NFV), which are substrate of the P-glycoprotein, the product of the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) gene. Reportedly, single-nucleotide polym
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5619)
Abidi SH, Dong T, Hene L, Vuong M, Evans EJ, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones SL, Davis SJ;;;; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,The University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
Background: The identity of soluble factors, called T cell-derived anti-viral factors (CAFs), that are secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and inhibit HIV replication in vitro, is an eighteen year old mystery and one of the major unsolved questions in HIV immunology. Methods: Reverse transcriptase (RT) levels we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5620)
Wichukchinda N, Nakayama EE, Matsumi T, Rojanawiwat A, Pathipvanich P, Auwanit W, Vongsheree S, Ariyoshi K, Shioda T, Sawanpanyalert P;;;; National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Background: Several host genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect the rate of HIV diseases progression in Europeans and Americans. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these genetic polymorphisms on the level of viral load in HIV-1 infected Thais. Methods: We examined 595 HIV-1 infected individuals w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5621)
Yu XG, Meyer-Olson D, Lichterfeld M, Perkins B, Johnston MN, Parta M, Kim AY, Wurcel AG, Pae E, Cohen D, Allen T, Kalams SA, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
Background: Some HLA class I alleles have been associated with slow HIV-1 disease progression. Functional differences in CD8+T cell responses specific for epitopes cross-presented by alleles associated with different impact on disease progression may provide important insights into T cell functionality. This study asse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5622)
Leechanachai P, Samleerat T, Dettrairat S, Kunachiwa W, Kohreanudom S, Raksakulkarn P;;;; Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: Binding to CCR5 co-receptor are absolutely required for the entry of M-tropic strain of HIV-1 into the host cells. The N-terminal and extracellular domain 1 and 2 of CCR5 protein are essential for the binding process. Modification in both quality and quantity of CCR5 molecules on the surface of HIV target c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5623)
Ndung'u T, Gaseitsiwe S, Sepako E, Doualla-Bell F, Peter T, Kim S, Thior I, Novitsky VA, Essex M;;;; Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Background: Southern Africa is facing an unprecedented public health crisis due to the high prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Vaccine development and testing efforts are underway; mainly based on elicitation of HIV-specific T cells. To understand the role of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5624)
Leetrakool N, Kunachiwa W, Dettrairat S, Kohreanudom S;;;; Blood Bank Section, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations have been frequently reported in HIV/AIDS patients in many populations. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular immunogenetic background of people living with HIV/AIDS in Chiang Mai province of Northern Thailand . Methods: The class I HLA-A*, HLA-B
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5625)
Myles O, Ehrenberg PH, Wortman G, Hawkes CA, Aronson NE, Blazes DL, Armstrong AW, Wallace MR, Agan B, Dolan MJ, Fraser SL, Sateren WB, Milazzo M, Michael NL, Wegner S;;;; Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
Background: African Americans (AA) with HIV-1 infection have been found to have a decreased time to development of AIDS compared to whites (W). Unequal access to health care is thought to be the major cause of this phenomenon. We recently observed a decreased time to virologic failure in AA compared with W in a cohort
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5626)
Louisirirotchanakul S, Jourdain G, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Auewarakul P, Boonprasit W, Kosalaraksa P, Hansudewechakul R, Ngampiyasakul C, Layangool P, Hongsiriwon S, Attavijtrakarn P, Chalermpantmetagul S, Seubmongkolchai R, Sukrakanchana P, Lallemant M;;;; Department of Microbiology/Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital/ Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Host genetic polymorphism has been shown to play a role in HIV pathogenesis but little data is available in Asia. Objective: to assess the association between perinatal HIV transmission and genetic polymorphism of chemokine receptors (CCR5m303, CCR2-64I) and chemokine (SDF1-3 pie A) in infants born to HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5627)
Pustowka A, Dietz J, Ferner J, Baumann M, Landersz M, Koenigs C, Schwalbe H, Dietrich U;;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus Insitute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt, Germany
Background: Specific interactions between proteins and RNA play an important role in regulatory processes and are therefore an attractive target for molecular interventions. Our approach focuses on the selection of peptide ligands from phage-displayed peptide libraries, which specifically bind to the complete PSI-RNA o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5628)
Tsuchiya Y, Morioka K, Shirai J, Yoshida K;;;; National Institute of Animal Health, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Although human lysozyme is known as the antibacterial medicine for many years, it turns out that it is effective also in the medical treatment of AIDS in recent years. However, a mass production system for it is not established yet and its clinical application to AIDS is not made. In order to spread human l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5629)
Arunothayanun P, Srinarong P, Nilkumhang S, Prayngam S, Tangkaravakoon A, Suwanpidokkul N, Mongkolpiyawat J, Eksaengsri A;;;; Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Saquinavir 200 and 400 mg tablets were developed as alternatives to the existed 200 mg capsule formulation. As generally prescribed, patients may be required to take a total of nine saquinavir mesylate capsules (200 mg saquinavir) each day.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5630)
Watnasirichaikul S, Panchon S, Thaunsukon P, Eksaengsri A, Kraisintu K;;;; Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Inconvenience and difficulty in using nevirapine tablets to treat children infected with HIV can lead to poor compliance. Nevirapine hemihydrate, a water-soluble compound, has been patented in Thailand and manufactured in a solution form.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5631)
Suwanpidokkul N, Thongnopnua P, Umpraym K;;;; Research and Development Institute, The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: To formulate a transdermal dosage form for zidovudine ( AZT ) by using the appropriate combination of vehicles and enhancers. The effects of vehicles, enhancers and polymer membrane were studied by determining its permeation across a cadaver pig skin. The use of membrane for controlling skin permeation was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5632)
Robinson WE Jr, Lee DJ;;;; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
Background: Due to resistance of HIV to protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, inhibition of other target genes are being actively pursued as therapeutic options. Several classes of integrase (IN) inhibitors have been described. We hypothesized that inhibitors of the diketoacid and dicaffeoyltartaric
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5633)
Le Van K, Georges B, Hevesi L, Boland S, Cauvin C, Durant F, Demonte D, Dewalque S, Van Lint C, Burny A;;;; University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
Background: Side effects and drug resistance continue to complicate combination drugs AIDS therapy. Consequently, there is a need for the synthesis of new drugs that can reduce toxicity and improve antiviral activity against both the wild type and drug resistant HIV. Methods: A series of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5634)
Tan JJ, Kong R, Wang CX, Chen WZ;;;; College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
Background: Blocking HIV-1 viral entry into the host cell offers a promising new strategy for interfering with the HIV-1 life cycle. A major target of inhibitor design is to prevent binding of gp41 C-peptides to the trimeric coiled coil of fusion-active N-peptides. Methods: We report here 2ns molecular dynamics (MD) si
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5635)
Sato A, Kodama M, Yoshinaga T, Kawasuji T, Kiyama R, Fujishita T, Masuda K, Yoshikawa T, Kuwata T, Miyazaki Y, Miura T, Hayami M, Fujiwara T;;;; Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Background: SIV-infected rhesus monkey model has been used to evaluate in vivo efficacy of anti-HIV inhibitors, such as tenofovir . SHIV-infected rhesus monkey has been used for the evaluation of anti-HIV compound including integrase inhibitor, L-870,812. However, in this SHIV model, antiviral treatment usually started
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5636)
Matillano CM;;;; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York,New York, United States
Background: Atazanavir is a new protease inhibitor. Due to potential drug interactions and potency concerns, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) is widely used in the United States . Currently, the only data on the safety and efficacy of ATV/r come from astudy in which patients were switched to ATV/r fr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5637)
Baxa D, Golembieski A, Chang E, Malik R, Markowitz N;;;; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States
Background: Genistein is a soy isoflavone. It is reported that short-term exposure of HIV infected cell lines to genistein result in an increase in virus titers. This effect is attributed to the ability of genistein to induce a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. We wanted to determine the effect of long term exposure to gen
Background: Glycyrrhizic acid is the major bioactive triterpene glycoside of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sps.) extracts possessing a wide range of pharmacological properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-dote, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-viral etc.). Glycyrrhizic acid and its monoammonium salt (glycyram, tussilinar) are w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5639)
Semenova EA, Plyasunova OA, Petrenko NI, Uzenkova NV, Shultz EE, Tolstikov GA, Pokrovsky AG;;;; State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology 'Vector', Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA into the human genome requires the virus-specific integrase protein (IN), which makes IN a suitable target in developing antiviral strategies. Recently we tested 43 novel betulinic acid derivatives as inhibitors of HIV-1[BRU] activity on viral infected cell
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5640)
Mansfield RW, Napier CM, Sale HE, Mosley MJ, Rickett G, Dorr P, Perros M;;;; Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
Background: UK-427,857 is a human CCR5 antagonist undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. UK-427,857 does not bind to mouse, rat or dog CCR5 homologues. Methods: In this study we compared the binding affinity of UK-427,857 with the human and macaque recombinant CCR5 receptors and assessed f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5641)
Yan H, Chiba T, Nishizawa M, Kitamura Y, Yamamoto N, Sugiura W;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Background and objective: Integration of the reverse transcribed proviral DNA into the host genome is essential event in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication life cycle. Therefore, viral enzyme integrase (IN), which plays crucial role in this integration event, has been the attractive target of anti-
Background: SPD754 is a deoxycytidine analogue with promising clinical efficacy against HIV-1 infection. No evidence of in vitro mitochondrial toxicity was observed when cells were exposed to SPD754 concentrations up to 30 times greater than the expected clinical Cmax. SPD754 was active against a range of recombinant v
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5643)
Allaway GP, Bare J, Kilgore NR, Reddick M, Martin DE, Wild CT, Stoddart CA;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
Background: PA-457 is the lead drug candidate in a new class of antiretrovirals termed maturation inhibitors. It has been shown that PA-457 blocks virus replication by disrupting conversion of the capsid (CA) precursor, p25 to mature CA protein, p24. This block to CA processing results in defective core condensation an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5644)
Martin DE, Smith P, Wild CT, Allaway GP;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, United States
Background: PA-457 is the first in a new class of antiretrovirals called Maturation Inhibitors (MI). PA-457 blocks a late step in HIV-1 Gag processing that results in defective core condensation and the release of non-infectious virus particles. Specifically, PA-457 disrupts the conversion of the capsid precursor, p25
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5645)
Pal R, Kish-Catalone T, Parrish J, Rose JN, Reitz M, Gallo R, Devico A;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
Background: The R5 phenotype of HIV-1 isolates accounts for the majority of heterosexual transmission in the developing world. In the absence of any vaccine, it is essential that microbicide targeting such viruses be developed which can prevent HIV-1 transmission. Nonhuman primates are useful models to assess the toxic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5646)
Wijitkosoom A, Tonmunphean S, Parasuk V, Hannongbua S, Truong TN;;;; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme for the HIV replication process in human. It composes of three domains, central region (core domain) and two terminal ends (N-terminal and C-terminal domains). However, the structure comprising all three domains, which provides a potentially powerful target for ra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5647)
Mansfield RW, Brunton NS, Sutton MR, Leishman D;;;; Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
Background: UK-427,857 is a human CCR5 receptor antagonist in clinical evaluation for treatment of HIV infection. Previous CCR5 antagonists have been shown to prolong the QT interval of the ECG. Methods: We have investigated the potential of UK-427,857 to interact with the I[Kr] current and thus to influence cardiac re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5648)
Reiss Y, Alroy I, Tuvia S, Greener T, Gordon D, Barr H, Taglicht D, Mandil-Levin R, Ben-Avraham D, Konforty D, Nir A, Levius O, Bicoviski V, Dori M, Cohen S, Yaar L, Erez O, Propheta-Meiran O, Koskas M, Caspi-Bachar E, Alchanati I, Sela-Brown A, Moskowitz H, Schubert U;;;; Proteologics Ltd., Rehovot, Israel
The ubiquitin system is implicated in HIV-1 budding at the cell membrane. Here we report a novel role for ubiquitination in HIV biogenesis by identifying an essential role for the human ubiquitin ligase POSH in HIV-1 release and infectivity. Small inhibitory RNA-mediated silencing of hPOSH ablates virus secretion indep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5649)
Jinno-Oue A, Shimizu N, Soda Y, Tanaka A, Ohtsuki T, Kurosaki D, Hoshino H;;;; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
Background: An orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR1, act as coreceptor for HIV-1 variants that infect primary human brain-derived fibroblast-like cells, originated from microvessel pericytes. Not only HIV-1 variants, but also many HIV-2 and SIV strains utilize GPR1 to enter cells. Since it has been demonstrated that
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5650)
Wild CT, Salzwedel K, Crisafi K, Jackson T, Castillo A, Kilgore NR, Reddick M, Allaway GP;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
Background: Fusion inhibitors are a promising new class of HIV therapeutics that act by blocking conformational changes in the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) that drive fusion of the viral and cellular membranes during virus entry. Proof of concept for this therapeutic approach is provided by the recently approved inh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5651)
Lee-Huang S, Huang P, Huang P;;;; New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
Background: Many AIDS patients use olive leaf extract (OLE) to strengthen the immune system, relieve chronic fatigue, treat KS and HSV , and reduce the side effects of HAART. However, little is known about the anti-HIV activity of OLE and whether it interacts with HAART drugs. This imperils patients who use OLE along w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5652)
Muthumani K, Wadsworth SA, Hwang DS, Choo AY, Abeysinghe HR, Siekierka JJ, Weiner DB;;;; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
Objective: To analyze a novel compound, which inhibits serine-threonine protein kinase p38 for its possible bioactivity against HIV-1 infection. Methods: Proteins involved in cellular signal transduction pathways represent a novel class of host therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. In this regard the serine/thre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5653)
Clotet-Codina I, Armand-Ugon M, Clotet B, Este JA;;;; Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
Background: Polyanions such as dextran sulfate and heparin have long been studied as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro and in vivo. Polyanion selective pressure on HIV has been shown to induce amino acid changes scattered in the gp120 envelope glycoprotein responsible for vi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5654)
Murthy KK, Cobb EK, Salas MT, McClure HM;;;; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, United States
Background: T cells play an important role in response to infection and CD8+ T cell function is vital for either containing or eliminating viral infections and other intracellular pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CD8+ T cells in mediating resistance to disease progression in HIV infected ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5656)
Valentin A, Morrow M, Poirier RH, Aleman K, Little R, Yarchoan R, Pavlakis GN;;;; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
Background: HAART fails to eradicate all the infected cells from HIV-1 patients. Protease inhibitors are substrates for the P-glycoprotein pump, a member of the ABC family of transporters associated with multidrugs resistance in several diseases. We hypothesized that high P-glycoprotein activity in a subset of CD4+ cel
Background: Several studies have shown that HIV carrying resistance mutations is less fit than wild type HIV and it has been suggested that a discordant response could be due to this effect. However the evolution of mutations of HIV in patients with good CD4 response remaining on the same highly active antiretroviral t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5658)
Armand-Ugon M, Clotet I, Jiang S, Clotet B, Este JA;;;; Retrovirology Laboratory irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
Background: ADS-J1 is a low molecular weight compound selected for its ability to interfere with the association of the N- and C-terminal heptad repeat regions of HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein. As ADS-J1 is a polysulfonic acid, we wanted to define its way of action and compare it with other polyanionic compounds. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5659)
Sugiura W, Matsuda M, Chiba T, Nishizawa M, Kakizawa J, Ueda T, Hamatake M, Fujino M, Yamada K, Yamamoto N;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Objective: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced in Japan in 1997 and has been accepted as a standard treatment for HIV-1 since that time. As has been widely reported, HAART has improved the prognosis of the infection significantly. However, cases failed in treatment due to antiretroviral drug res
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5660)
Chiba T, Takizawa M, Matsuda M, Honda M, Nishizawa M, Matsuda Z, Yamamoto N, Sugiura W;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Background and objective: The emergence of drug-resistant viruses is one of the major causes of HIV-1 treatment failure, and drug resistance genotyping and phenotyping are recommended as important tests to guide effective anti-retroviral treatment. Several phenotypic assay systems are available today. These are in vitr
BACKGOUND: In the last years, treatment guidelines for HIV-infection have evolved from monotherapy to combination regimens including three or more active drugs. We evaluated the changes in viral fitness associated with the sequential introduction of antiretroviral drugs in four chronically HIV-1 infected patients with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5662)
Saen-oon S, Sompornpisut P, Aruksakulwong O, Wittayanarakul K, Parasuk V, Hannongbua S;;;; Computational Chemistry Unit Cell, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Saquinavir (SQV) is a widely used anti HIV-1 protease (PR) drug for AIDS therapy. This study aims to provide explanation and understanding of drug binding in molecular basis as well as the inhibition mechanism of HIV-1 PR complexed with SQV using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Methods: MD simulations
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5663)
Rojanawiwat A, Ariyoshi K, Pathipvanich P, Srisawat J, Auwanit W, Sawanpanyalert P;;;; National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Background: The Lampang HIV Couple Cohort was developed to study mechanisms of HIV-1 non-transmission among HIV-uninfected spouses of HIV-infected partners. The objective of the current study is to analyze the risk factors of HIV-infected partners who tra
