Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1230)
Franti M, Ramos L, Maloveste S, Geerdes D, Nagashima KA, Ketas TJ, Delgado K, Maddon PJ, Olson WC, Poignard P;;;; Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown NY, United States
Background: The CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 serves as requisite fusion coreceptor for primary HIV-1 isolates. The potential merits of CCR5-targeted therapy have been demonstrated in a host of in vitro studies, molecular epidemiological studies and early-stage human clinical trials. PRO 140 is a novel anti-CCR5 monoclona
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1231)
Demarest J, Shibayama S, Ferris R, Vavro C, St Clair M, Boone L;;;; GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
Background: 873140 is an orally bioavailable CCR5 antagonist that binds specifically to human CCR5 with prolonged receptor occupancy demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. 873140 was safe and well tolerated in seven day multiple dose studies of healthy volunteers. The in vitro anti-HIV activity of 873140 was evaluated
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1232)
Jiang S, Lu H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Debnath AK;;;; New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
Background: A peptidic HIV-1 fusion inhibitor targeting gp41, T-20 (Brand name: Fuzeon), was recently approved by the US FDA for treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals who fail to respond to the current anti-retrovirus drugs. But it has several disadvantages, including the lack of oral availability and high cost of pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1233)
Lama J;;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
Background: CD4 down-modulation is essential for the production of HIV infectious particles. Disease progression correlates with enhanced viral induced CD4 down-modulation, and a subset of long-term nonprogressors carry viruses defective in this function. Despite multiple evidence highlighting the importance of this fu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1234)
Alfano M, Grivel JC, Ghezzi S, Corti D, Poli G, Margolis L;;;; AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT-Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Background: Both pertussis toxin (PTX) and its non-toxic subunit (PTX B-oligomer, PTX-B) have shown inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication in several model of in vitro infection, including mitogen-activated PBMC, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and chronically infected U1 cells stimulated by cytokines. PTX-B
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1240)
Srinarong P, Prayngam S, Chunhacha P, Naranuntarat A, Suwanpidokkul N, Arunothayanun P, Eksaengsri A, Kraisintu K;;;; Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: To develop a fixed-dose combination formulation (FDCs) containing three antiretroviral drugs, including nevirapine , lamivudine, and stavudine in a single tablet (GPO-VIR S30™). The new combination tablet was aimed to reduce the cost of treatment and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1271)
de Bethune MP, Vingerhoets J, De Baere I, Azijn H, Van den Bulcke T, Mc Kenna P, Pattery T, Pauwels R;;;; Tibotec, Mechelen, Belgium
Background: TMC125 is a potent next-generation NNRTI, active against wild type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1, and with an increased genetic barrier to development of resistance. Multiple mutations are selected in vitro in the presence of TMC125 (e.g. at positions 100, 179, 181 and 194). Profiling of TMC125 against >5600 cl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1272)
Mitsuya H, Tamiya S, Mardy S, Kavlick MF;;;; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, United States
The emergence of HIV variants highly resistant to multiple anti-HIV agents represents a major cause of treatment failure . Here, we examined the virological and enzymatic significance of amino acid inserts near the Gag cleavage sites seen in primary clinical isolates derived from patients with AIDS who had received 7-1
Objective: To develop a system based on recombinant viruses harbouring reporter genes to analyse the replicative capacity of resistant viruses and the determinants of viral fitness. Material and methods: The following modifications were introduced in the NL4.3 clone: cloning of renilla luciferase in the place of nef an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1274)
Ferguson MR, Han X, Montes-Walters M, Filizzola M, Goetz MB, O'Brien WA;;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States
Background: Many mutations selected by RTI are well described, and have been shown to correlate with decreased virologic response. Although the 3TC /FTC/ABC mutation M184V can diminish the effect of thymidine analog mutations (TAMs - 41L,67N,70R,210W,215Y,219E/Q) on phenotypic sensitivity to ZDV,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1275)
Jorajuria S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Martin S, Orlowski S, Dormont D, Clayette P;;;; Service de Neurovirologie, CEA, CRSSA, EPHE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Background: ABC transporters, such as P-gp and MRP, are efflux pumps that limit the access of anti-HIV drugs to their cell and tissue targets. We previously showed in human macrophages (MDM), that 1) HIV infection transiently upregulates P-gp activity at the transcriptional level in parallel of TNF-ialpha production, a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1276)
Wild CT, Salzwedel K, Goila-Gaur R, Li F, Castillo A, Kilgore NR, Reddick M, Matallana C, Zoumplis D, Martin DE, Allaway GP, Freed EO;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
Background: PA-457 is the first in a new class of antiretrovirals that inhibit HIV replication by disrupting virus maturation. PA-457 blocks a late step in Gag processing that results in defective core condensation and the release of non-infectious virus particles. Specifically, PA-457 disrupts the conversion of the ca
Background: In current HAART therapy of HIV disease most clinically available inhibitors target the viral enzymes PR and RT. However, emerging therapy resistances have created a high need for new drug discovery for alternative inhibitor classes and novel antiviral targets complementing and possibly substituting current
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1308)
Sei S, Yang Q, Roberts P, Zhu W, Stephen A, Adelsberger J, Currents M, Feng Y, Fisher R, Rein A, Shoemaker R;;;; Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, SAIC/NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
Background: The interaction between HIV gp120 and the CD4 receptor is highly specific and involves considerably small contact surface areas. This step has been targeted by various CD4-mimicking proteins, antibodies and gp120-binders, although their in vivo efficacy has yet to be shown. Methods: Through antiviral charac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1309)
Morris KV, Innis L, Chung C, Witke W, Looney DJ;;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92098-0678, United States
Background: Small interfering RNA directed against HIV-1 gag, vif, tat, and rev, and cellular genes necessary for HIV-1 entry (CD4, CCR5) have been shown to inhibit HIV replication in vitro. Among several potential problems faced in the development of siRNA technology for use against HIV-1 is the sequence dependence of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1310)
Rutvisuttinunt W, Meyer PR, Matsuura SE, Rangarajan P, So AG, Scott WA;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
Background: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has the ability to excise nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI) by a reaction that is related to pyrophosphorolysis. This excision reaction can only occur if RT is in an untranslocated position with the bond to be cleaved positioned in its active site and the primer terminus occup
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1311)
Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Roisin A, Robin JP, Vitte AL, Dormont D, Clayette P, Jalinot P;;;; LBMC, UMR5161-CNRS, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
Background: Tat and Rev proteins are necessary to HIV-1 replication. We have developed a rational strategy to identify small peptide sequences capable of penetrating within cells via the Tat basic domain and of binding to these essential HIV-1 regulatory proteins. Methods: Peptides were associated with a stabilizing do
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1312)
Lau TS, Wan CC;;;; Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Background: HIV-1 Integrase is an enzyme that mediates the integration of HIV-1 viral DNA to host genome. RNA interference (RNAi) was demonstrated to suppress specific protein expression through the induction of sequence-specific gene silencing. One of the RNAi approach is to introduce vectors to cells that encode 21-2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrA1329)
Benhamou Y, Thibault V, Vig P, Valantin MA, Guyon P, Katlama C, Lu B, Currie G, Brosgart CL, Poynard T;;;; GH Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
Background: ADV has shown efficacy and safety in a broad range of populations with chronic hepatitis B , including patients with LAM-R. The objective is to evaluate 4 years (192 weeks) of ADV 10 mg daily in patients with LAM-R HBV co-infected with HIV. Methods: Patients who entered a 1-year pilot study continued ADV fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1235)
von Hentig NH, Mueller A, Haberl A, Lutz T, Knecht G, Kurowski M, Harder S, Staszewski S;;;; University Hospital Pharmazentrum, Frankfurt/M., Germany
Background: Recently it has been demonstrated that AZV independently from RTV may act as a pharmaco-enhancer for SQV. Therefore concomitant boosting of SQV with AZV and RTV may be an option for salvage therapy. Objective: To investigate potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of AZV, SQV and RTV in patients. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1236)
Walmsley S, Leith J, Katlama C, Arasteh K, Pierone G, Blick G, Lazzarin A, Johnson M, Samuels C, Jones P, Chaves R, Quinson A, Kohlbrenner V, McCallister S, Mayers D, Curry K;;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Background: TPV is a novel non-peptidic protease inhibitor with activity against multiple-PI-resistant HIV-1. BI1182.51 was a 24-week, open-label, safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of TPV/r alone or in combination with a second boosted PI, in highly treatment-experienced patients who were genotypic screen failures
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1237)
Miller MD, Myrick F, Borroto-Esoda K;;;; Gilead Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
Background: Antiretroviral therapy with the triple nucleoside combination of abacavir (ABC), tenofovir DF, and lamivudine ( 3TC ) dosed once-daily has resulted in poor treatment outcomes.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1238)
Heripret L, Lavrut T, Durant J, Serini MA, Carsenti H, Dellamonica P, Garraffo R;;;; Infectiology Unit, CHU, Nice, France
Background: Nevirapine-associated hepatotoxicity is multifactorial, but HIV-HCV-coinfection is associated with a greater incidence of hepatotoxicity. Some reports suggest that this could be attributed partly to higher nevirapine plasma levels in coinfected patients. We compare the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1239)
Pitt J, Orrell CJ, Geel J, Van Dyk M, Wood R;;;; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Objective: With the widespread use of nevirapine as first line therapy in antiretroviral access programmes, it is becoming more important to understand the interactions between this drug and other medications commonly used in the treatment of HIV positive individuals. One such interaction is that between nevirapine and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1277)
McGough LJ, Reynolds SJ, Quinn TC, Zenilman J;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Background: The availability of limited funds from international agencies for the purchase of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in developing countries presents challenges and opportunities, especially in prioritizing who should receive therapy. Our objective was to examine historical precedents of allocation of scarce me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1278)
Rabkin M, Tonwe-Gold B, El-Sadr W;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Issues: A fraction of patients (pts) living with HIV/AIDS in resource-poor settings (RPS) have access to care and treatment. Treatment programs have had to limit access in the face of overwhelming demand, creating both medical and non-medical ( social ) eligibility criteria. The MTCT-Plus Initiative, which provides HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1279)
Schneider H, Gilson L, Blaauw D, Chabikuli N, Goudge J;;;; Centre for Health Policy, Johannesburg, South Africa
Issue: Health system strengthening now features centrally in discussions of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Universal access to ART requires a functioning health system, the corollary of which is that massive investments in ART should serve to benefit the health system more widely. South Africa is emba
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1280)
Pape JW, Severe PD, Leger PD, Barbot EB, Deschamps MM, Grand'Pierre RG, Noel FN, Bois GB, Fitzgerald DW, Wright PF, Johnson WD;;;; Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Centres GHESKIO, New York and Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Issues: ART is particularly urgent for HIV+ patients in developing countries because of their more rapid progression to AIDS and death. However, less than 6% of AIDS patients in the developing world are actually receiving ART. For over 21 years GHESKIO has been at the forefront of HIV prevention and care including the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1281)
Fusco H, Chi B, Sinkala M, Stringer JS;;;; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Background: Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs is now a worldwide priority and ambitious targets for numbers of people on ART have been set. PMTCT has been targeted as a primary entry point for ART, often to the exclusion of other populations, such as tuberculosis patients (pts) or medical inpat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1282)
Archibald CP, Alexander P, Gatali M, Geduld J;;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Background: To determine the proportion of HIV+ persons unaware of their infection. Access to voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is a critical component of WHO s new 3 by 5 initiative (providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to 3 million HIV+ people in the developing world by 2005) since diagnosis is the first s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1283)
Ananworanich J, Siangphoe U, Cardiello P, Apateerapong W, Hirschel B, Mahanontharit A, Ubolyam S, Srasuebkul P, Hill A, Lange J, Cooper D, Phanuphak P, Ruxrungtham K;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Background: To evaluate safety, ARV use, adverse events (AE), quality of life (QOL) of structured treatment interruption (STI) in Thai patients. Methods: 74 NRTI pre-treated patients were given 2NRTIs+SQV-HGC1600 mg/RTV100 mg qday. When the CD4 count was >350 cells/mm3 and VL
Background: Several trials are currently assessing the benefits and risks of successful antiretroviral STI, most of them in industrialised countries. We report here the progress of a multicentric randomised STI trial which was started in Abidjan in Decembre 2002. Methods: In the Trivacan trial, 840 antiretroviral naive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1285)
Marchou B, Molina JM, Tangre P, Charreau I, Gueguen S, Ragnaud JM, Katlama C, May T, Girard PM, Morlat P, Aboulker JP; Hosp Purpan, Toulouse, France
Background: Lifelong HAART associated-toxicity is a real concern. ANRS 106 - WINDOW trial compares 2 strategies: intermittent vs continuous HAART. Objective: To assess the safety of intermittent therapy (IT: 6 cycles alternating 8 weeks-off, 8 weeks-on HAART) versus continuous therapy (CT) for a 96-week period. Study d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1286)
Castagna A, Danise A, Carini E, Boeri E, Galli L, Gianotti N, De Bona A, Hasson H, Guffanti M, Seminari E, Clementi M, Lazzarin A;;;; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Background: The M184V mutation, frequently selected by lamivudine ( 3TC ), seems to reduce viral fitness and so its maintenance by means of sustained drug pressure may delay immunological failure (IF). The aim of Experienced-184V (E-184V) study is to assess the frequency of IF (CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1287)
Gorgolas M, Bernaldo de Quiros JC, Arranz A, Santos I, Estrada V, Sanz J;;;; Infectious Diseases Division/Fundacion Jimenez Diaz/Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of switching protease inhibitor (PI) to nevirapine ( NVP ) in maintaining viral control and limiting undesirable side-effects in HIV infected patients with undetectable viral load. Methods: Randomized, multicenter, open label
Background: ESPRIT is an international, phase III, open-labelled randomised trial to evaluate the clinical benefit of subcutaneous IL-2 in subjects with baseline CD4 >/=300/muL. We set out to identify factors related to a CD4 count increase in 8 months of follow-up in those assigned IL-2. Three cycles of IL-2 were to b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1289)
Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Tungyai P, Kummee A, Jenjaroen K, Winiyakul N, Malitong P, Chonladarat T, Ruangsirinusorn S, Sangsawang S, Srichandraphan W, Jitphiankha W, Laphikanont W, Haesungcharern A, Lallemant MJ;;;; Harvard School of Public Health/IRD054/Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: Studies performed in Africa and Europe using a single intrapartum dose of nevirapine ( NVP ) to reduce HIV vertical transmission has shown that NVP exposure was followed by the selection of viruses with NNRTI resistance associated mutations in a significan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1290)
Pillay CC, Gray G, Chezzi C, Ntsala M, Stevens G, Stevens W, Lupondwana P, Martinson N, Puren A, Moodley D, McIntyre J, Morris L;;;; National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
Background: One of the potential obstacles to the success of nevirapine ( NVP ) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 is the emergence of drug resistant variants. This study assessed the rates of resistance among infants enrolled in the standard regimen (SR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1291)
C Hicks1, B da Silva2, C Benson3, P Wolfe4, R Gulick5, M Glesby5, A C White6, R Murphy7, H Kessler8, M Albrecht9, M Thompson10, J Eron11, K R King2, F McMillan2, S Brun2, M King2
Results of extensive genotypic resistance testing over more than 5 years confirm the absence of protease inhibitor resistance in ARV-naïve patients receiving LPV/r. Likewise, no genotypic resistance to d4T was observed, and 3TC resistance was uncommon.
Background: Enfuvirtide is a recently released fusion inhibitor. Resistance testing has generally been limited to 10 gp-41 amino acid (AA) positions. Our objectives were to: 1) Develop a new genotypic resistance assay that assesses the entire gp-41 sequence; 2) Determine polymorphisms in a large untreated cohort and 3)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1293)
Lafeuillade A, Hittinger G, Delbeke E, Poggi C;;;; General Hospital, Toulon, France
Background: HIV-1 resistance testing is not usually recommended with low viremia levels. We assessed genotypic resistance evolution in patients on a maintained antiretroviral regimen despite detectable viremia between 50 and 1000 copies/ml. Methods: Selected cases from a series of 1200 HIV-1-infected patients had 2 gen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1294)
Haubrich RH, Hernandez J, Bates M, Thompson M, Margolis D, Pappa K, Yau L, Schooley R;;;; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
Background: Reduced RC has been correlated with decreased disease progression in minimally treated and CD4 maintenance in experienced patients. Methods: Isolates from ART experienced subjects entering ESS40006 were assessed using genotype, phenotype and RC [ViroLogic] while on a failing PI-based ART regimen prior to an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1313)
Wangai M, Macharia D, Marum L, Odera D, Munyisia E, Gathendu B, Chebet KL;;;; Kenya National AIDS/STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
Issues: In Kenya , up to 1.8 million people are HIV infected, and it is estimated that 280,000 currently have AIDS. HIV has negatively impacted on economic productivity, literacy levels, infant mortality and life expectancy, thereby posing a significant risk to national development and security. ART can mitigate some o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1314)
Gove S, Celletti F;;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Issues: Decentralization of ARV therapy (ART) and provision by non-doctors are essential to achieve the 3 by 5 target. Description: WHO has coordinated the development of the Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness (IMAI) guidelines and training materials, based on a working group involving 22 WHO Departm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1315)
Leusaree T, Khemngern P, Wiboolsanti S, Siri S, Vitsupakorn K, Dettrairat S, Panpanich R;;;; Office of Disease Prevention and Control 10, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: The Ministry of Public Health supports antiretroviral therapy (ART) for symptomatic HIV/AIDS patients and asymptomatic HIV with CD4 counts
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1316)
Studdert LJ, Reid EA;;;; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Issues: As the epidemic progresses, HIV care, support and treatment join prevention as priority areas. In mid-2002, WHO announced it would lead efforts to significantly increase access to antiretroviral therapy by 2005. However, the delivery of HIV treatments and care in resource-poor settings presents new challenges t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1317)
Ferradini L, Mace C, Pinoges L, Cirera A, Pascual F, Humblet P, Szumilin E, Torres V, Zachariah R, Pecoul B, Calmy A;;;; Epicentre, Paris, France
Background: Adherence is a constant concern in countries that are scaling-up antiretroviral treatment. The use of Fixed Drug Combinations (FDCs) reduces pill burden and is known to be associated with increased adherence. MSF is now using pre-qualified FDCs containing stavudine /lamivudine/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1318)
Haidula M, Holland S, Kenyon TA, Musheko D, van der Veen F, Bussell K;;;; Social Marketing Association, Windhoek, Namibia
Background: The Social Marketing Association of Namibia opened 3 freestanding VCT centers in Windhoek and Oshakati in February 2003. The Government of Namibia announced plans to introduce ART in nearby government hospitals in May 2003. We evaluated the effect that the announcement had on clientele at the centers. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1319)
Hofer CB, Schechter M, Harrison LH;;;; HUCFF Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro -Brazil
Background: Lack of adherence is a major cause of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. The objective of this study was to describe the ART adherence rate in the public health system in Rio de Janeiro, where patients receive ART free of charge, and to identify causes associated with lack of adherence. Methods: Patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1320)
Desclaux A, Laniece I, Diop K, Sow K, Ciss M, Ndiaye B, Ndoye I;;;; French Cooperation/Multisectorial Aids Control Program, Dakar, Senegal
Background: To assess long term adherence to antiretroviral therapies (ART) and its main determinants in a prospective cohort followed in an African context. Methods: 167 adults receiving ART within the Senegalese National Program were followed over four years. At least every two months, the pharmacist recorded the qua
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1322)
Giordano TP, Guzman D, Clark R, Charlebois ED, Bangsberg DR;;;; Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
Background: Current methods of quantitatively assessing adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) are too cumbersome for clinical use. We examined the performance of a simple adherence tool based on a visual analogue scale (VAS), compared to one based on 3-day recall (3DR), using unannounced pill counts (UP
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1323)
Oyugi JH, Byakika JT, Ragland K, Mugyenyi P, Kityo C, Mugerwa R, Bangsberg DR;;;; University of California San Francisco and Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa, San Francisco, United States
Background: Market competition, reductions in drug pricing and low cost make generic antiretroviral drug regimens widely prescribed in resource-poor settings. Triomune™ (Tri) and Maxivir™ (Max), generic co-formulations of D4T/ 3TC / nevirapin
Issue: Adherence in ART is essential to maximize the benefits of treatment and minimize possibilities of resistance mutations. However ensuring a high level of adherence is very difficult, especially in cases of children on ART. This paper will provide an example of lessons learned through experience of a regional hosp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1325)
Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Teshale E, Brooks JT, Wolfe MI;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: Prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis C (HCV) is high among HIV-infected persons. Despite numerous studies, controversy persists as to whether coinfection is associated with poorer survival. Methods: We used data from the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease project, a longitudinal medical record
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1326)
Tural C, Gomez G, Martinez MA, Perez N, Fuster D, Ballesteros AL, Sirera G, Ruiz L, Schuurman R, Rey-Joly C, Planas R, Clotet B;;;; HIV Clinical Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
Background: Structured treatment interruption (STI) approaches have been studied for their possible clinical utility in the management of HIV-infected patients(p) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART modifies plasma HCV RNA levels. Objective: To study the changes in HCV RNA plasma levels that may occu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1327)
Duncombe CJ, Law WP, Mahanontharit A, Boyd MA, Ruxrungtham K, Lange JM, Phanuphak P, Cooper DA, Dore GJ;;;; HIV-NAT, The Netherlands, Australia, Thailand Research Collaboration, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Chronic viral hepatitis may impact on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy Methods: HIV RNA suppression, CD4 cell count recovery, and HIV disease progression were examined in a cohort of Thai HIV-infected patients enrolled in eight HIV-NAT randomized controlled trials of antiretroviral therapy. All patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1328)
Antonucci G, Cozzi Lepri A, Petrelli E, Carnevale G, Grossi PA, Vigano P, d'Arminio Monforte A, Capobianchi MR, Solmone M, Girardi E, Carletti F, Ippolito G;;;; INMI L. Spallanzani V. Portuense, Rome, Italy
Background: The relative prognostic roles of HCV viremia and GBV-C viremia in HIV+ve treated with HAART is undefined. Methods: A prospective, observational study of 352 HIV+ve patients who had achieved viral load (VL)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrB1330)
d'Arminio-Monforte A, Cicconi P, Cozzi-Lepri A, Matteelli A, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Mena M, Moioli MC, Ortolani P, Bertelli D, Montroni M, Moroni M;;;; University, Milan, Italy
Background: Data on STD are poorly recorded in cohorts of HIV pts. Methods: STDs recorded in ICoNA are: syphilis(unspecified if primary), acute hepatitis B (HBV), gonorrhoea(gon), HSV genital ulcers, genital can
Background: In 2003, PSI/ Cambodia produced a television soap opera, Punishment of Love (PoL), as part of its HIV/AIDS prevention campaign. Developed in accordance with traditional Cambodian culture, religious values and ethical considerations, the campaign provided health messages that aimed to enable viewers to impro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1246)
Matsubayashi K, Tanasugarn C, Lagampan S, Samnuanklang M, Singhaniyom S;;;; Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Background: The Internet is popular among adolescents. It can be one of the important tools for them to get useful information on sexual and reproductive health (S/RH) and to choose safer sexual behaviors. This survey was conducted to investigate the adolescents S/RH information seeking behaviors on Internet and its re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1249)
Slack CM, Strode A, Lindegger G, Milford C, Stobie M, Manegold J; University of KwaZulu-Natal, South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Issues: The participation of children in HIV preventive vaccine trials poses complex ethical and legal challenges. Description: In South Africa , HIV vaccine trials are currently focusing on adults who can give independent consent for participation. However the enrollment of children must be considered because of the n
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1250)
Kent DM, Mwamburi DM, Bennish ML, Kupelnick B, Ioannides JP;;;; Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, United States
Background: The minimum standard of care required for subjects in clinical trials conducted in resource-poor settings is a matter of controversy, and international documents offer contradictory guidance. Methods: We systematically reviewed all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, published
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1251)
Anyanti J, Ankomah A, Mamman-Daura F, Omoregie G;;;; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Background Most conventional research efforts at investigating consistent condom use among sex-workers have been ineffective as sex workers have good reasons to mistrust and resist researchers, and social desirability often leads to reported higher-than-actual levels of condom use. Methods 25 brothels were selected in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1252)
Waruru AK, Nduati R, Tylleskar T;;;; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Background: Understanding infant feeding practices in the context of HIV and factors that put mothers at risk for HIV infection is an important step towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Face-to-face (FTF) interviewing may not be a suitable way of ascertaining this information because respo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1296)
Wolitski RJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and hepatitis are more prevalent among prisoners than in the general US population. This affects the health of 1.3 million men in US prisons and the communities where they return. Incarceration presents an opportunity to implement prevention programs, but there a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1297)
Wood E, Small W, Spittal P, Miller C, Kerr T, Tyndall M, Schechter M;;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Few prospective studies of incarceration and its relationship to HIV risk among IDU in the community are available. We evaluated rates of syringe sharing and incarceration among a cohort of injection drug users. Methods: We performed analyses of: 1) syringe lending by HIV-infected IDU and 2) syringe borrowi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1299)
Ayub AY;;;; DOST Welfare Foundation, Peshawar, Pakistan
Issues: In NWFP, Pakistan there are more than 500 juveniles of age 18 and below, who are incarcerated mainly in the three central prisons i.e. Peshawar, Haripur and DI Khan prisons. Lack of facilities for medical care, awareness, counseling, legal help, recreation, education etc result in traumatic stress and state of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1300)
Ireland E, Chaiphech N;;;; Save the Children, Bangkok, Thailand
Issues: Between 1996 and 2000, the number of children in detention centres in Thailand increased from 23,500 to 35,439. In 2000 half of these were being detained as a result of drug-related offences. These figures highlight considerable potential for detention facilities to be used as a means of providing drug abuse an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1321)
Sethi AK, Celentano DD, Gallant JE, Vlahov D;;;; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
Background: Previously, we showed that HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, who were actively using experienced delays in initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) despite being indicated for treatment. In the present study, we examine factors associated with the discontin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1331)
Choi K, Lui H, Guo Y, Han L, Mandel JS;;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, United States
Background: China is experiencing concentrated HIV epidemics among injection drug users, sex workers, and former plasma donors. Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for HIV, little is known about their HIV test seeking behavior. Methods: We conducted, to our knowledge, the first large HIV prevalenc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1332)
Dandona R, Dandona L, Radhakrishnan S, Kumar GA, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; F.P.P. Team-Asci, Centre for Public Health Research, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
Background: Condom use for penetrative anal sex is one of the major strategies for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to understand the barriers to condom use by MSM in Andhra Pradesh, India , as part of a baseline assessment for an impact assessment study of HIV prevention.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1333)
del Romero J;;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Madrid, Spain
Objective: Most of the HIV studies and preventive programmes directed towards commercial sex workers have centred on women. Male sex workers are neither visible nor easy to access. We aim to assess HIV prevalence and predictive factors for this infection among male sex workers in Spain . Methods: This study analysed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1334)
Stolte IG, de Wit JB, van Eeden A, Coutinho RA, Dukers NH;;;; Municipal Health Service, Cluster of infectious diseases, HIV&STI research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Background: A previous study found that the HAART-related belief perceiving less HIV/AIDS threat since HAART is associated with a switch to risky sex with casual partners (CP) among HIV-negative homosexual men (HM). We now prospectively studied the influence of HAART-related beliefs (HB), and the perceived viral load l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrC1336)
Parry JV, Murphy G, Charlett A, Osner N, Brown A, Gill ON;;;; Sexually Transmitted & Bloodborne Virus Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
Background: The Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) was applied to left over anti-HIV-1 positive serum specimens from MSM attending 15 Sexually transmitted infection clinics collaborating in a UK unlinked anonymous serosurvey (UAS). Methods: STARHS was performed on anti-HIV-1 positive s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1242)
Hancock ME, Adie CE, O'Keeffe CM, Blois G;;;; Mildmay International, Southend on Sea, United Kingdom
Mildmay International (MI) has been providing successful traditional training in HIV/AIDS care and management in many countries throughout the world, for example, Kenya , Nigeria , Uganda , Tanzania , Zimbabwe ,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1243)
Underwood CR, Hochanda H, Serlemitsos ET, Bharath U;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Background: The Helping Each other Act Responsibly Together (HEART) Campaign is a media-based program designed for youth and by youth to inform young people about HIV/AIDS, discuss ways to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, and promote abstinence and condom use. Hypothesis I: campaign exposure will be positively corr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1245)
Montano DE, Kasprzyk D, St ME;;;; Louis, G.B. Woelk, S. Hader. Battelle, Seattle, United States
Background: The Mopani Junction (MJ) Radio Drama, supported by Zimbabwe-CDC, was designed by Media for Development Trust to entertain, inform and encourage behavior change to prevent HIV. It was developed via qualitative formative research with target audience members and started airing in February, 2003. A survey was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1247)
Corneli A, Sorenson J, Nkhoma J, Moses A, Zulu C, Chilima J, Bowling JM, Henderson G, Bentley M, Martinson F, Jones D, Ahmed Y, Heilig C, Kazembe P, Jamieson D, van der Horst C;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Background: Findings from a study conducted in Lilongwe on participation in a clinical trial suggested participants believed medicines have already been tested to be safe and efficacious; they would be assigned to a study arm based on their health needs; and the trial was designed to benefit them. Given that comprehens
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1248)
Elam GA, Macdonald N, Evans B, Gilbart V, Hickson F, Imrie J, McGarrigle CA, Power R, Fenton K;;;; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
Background: One in five diagnoses of HIV infection acquired through sex between men in the UK indicates recent infection. INSIGHT was established to explore the sexual behaviour, attitudes and lifestyles of gay and bisexual men who HIV test to understand the risk factors for HIV seroconversion. INSIGHT, funded by the M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1253)
Edmondson JC, Mfune P, Kamanga A, Raimundo I, Namuumda C;;;; UNFPA, Harare, Zimbabwe
Issues: A socio-cultural approach to HIV prevention has been developed in a multi- country project sponsored by 4 research institutions and UNFPA. The overall aim is to accelerate behavioural change in HIV prevention by making interventions (service delivery, BCC and advocacy) more reflective of local socio-cultural co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1254)
Pulerwitz J, Lippman S, Setubal MS, Chinaglia M, Takae-Ogura C, van Dam J, Diaz J;;;; Horizons Program/PATH, Washington, DC, United States
Background: One of the main challenges to the successful implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention, testing, and treatment programs is stigma and discrimination. When attempting to reach mobile groups, such as truckers, issues of stigma are additionally complex, since public perception often is that they are carriers of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1255)
Richter K, England S;;;; Population Services International, Washington DC, United States
Background: Voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) is a proven HIV prevention intervention as well as a key entry point into care and support services. This study presents multi-country data on the motivations for and barriers to seeking VCT drawn from social marketing programs and examines the strategies that social m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1256)
Gordon J, Bombardella P;;;; Infant Feeding Research Project, Cape Town, South Africa
Issues: Although it is well known that HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, recent clinical studies have shown that this risk increases through mixed feeding. As such, UNAIDS /UNICEF/WHO recommends either exclusive breast feeding or exclusive formula feeding for a period of 4 - 6 months. As a result of these fin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1257)
Sodhi G;;;; Swaasthya, New Delhi, India
Issues: According to current estimates, of all new HIV infections in India , 40% is in young people. This, despite many years of programming efforts. The situation calls for programmes that are rooted in empirical evidence and evidence being strategically used to inform the broader framework and content of programmes.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1258)
Mendelson F, Mtshizana Y, Hani A, Flisher A, Mathews C, Bekker LG;;;; The Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Approximately 5.5 million South Africans are infected with HIV and over 60% of new infections occur in those aged 15-25y. Fifty per cent are sexually active by age 16, with sexual debut recorded as early as 13y. Attempts to alter sexual behaviour, attitudes and norms have been largely unsuccessful. Few of t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrD1335)
Carballo-Dieguez A, Shedlin M, Dowsett G, Remien R, Lin P, Dolezal C, Balan I, Ventuneac A;;;; HIV Center, Columbia University and NYSPI, New York, United States
Background: Gay men use the Internet to seek sexual partners willing to intentionally engage in unprotected anal sex. Our study seeks to understand the psychosocial and contextual variables at play in these virtual encounters. Methods: In Phase I of our study, we systematically selected six popular Internet sites used
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1241)
kelly KJ, Kincaid L, Parker W, Ntlabati P;;;; CADRE, Grahamstown, South Africa
Issues: The paper is concerned with understanding the challenges of evaluating mass media entertainment-education programmes given that the variables that influence exposure may also be associated with outcome variables making it difficult to establish equivalent exposed and unexposed groups. Description: Tsha Tsha is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1259)
Gruskin S, Tarantola D, Maluwa M, Ahmed S;;;; International Health and Human Rights Program, FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
Issues: The availability of antiretrovirals has brought new attention to the consensus around voluntary counseling and testing. Guidance on national policies therefore has to fully take into account the growing challenges of HIV testing and counseling in different settings. Human rights protections in the design and im
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1260)
Hunter AP;;;; Network of sex work projects, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Whilst the role of HIV amongst injectors is now largely understood in relation to the transmission of HIV, drug users themsleves are largely absent from local, regional and international programme and policy decisions. The goal of the study was to review the literature on drug users, HIV and human rights an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1261)
Amin A;;;; Center for Health and Gender Equity, Takoma Park, United States
Issues: In low prevalence settings, targeted interventions (TI) are recommended to prevent the spread of HIV from high-risk groups such as sex workers to the general population. This paper examines the implementation of TI for sex workers in India s AIDS program from a health and human rights framework. With an estimat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1262)
Klepikov A, Hyde L;;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Kyiv, Ukraine
Issues: In the context of HIV/AIDS in the region, promotion and protection of human rights, reducing stigma and discrimination and improving the effectiveness of national HIV/AIDS response are fundamentally linked. International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Ukraine analysed Ukrainian HIV-related legislation and compared it to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1263)
Alexandrova A;;;; Canadian AIDS Society, Ottawa, Canada
Issues: With over sixty candidate products in th epipeline, an effective microbicides can be on the market this decade. While there is a long history of community advocacy for microbicides in Canada , the federal government pays little attention to microbicides. There is only one potential microbicide in development in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1264)
Binswanger HP, Lwabayii R, van Nguyen TV;;;; World Bank, Washington DC, United States
Issues: In sub-Saharan Africa there are virtually no programs to combat HIV/AIDS and violence affecing minorities engaging in same gender sexual relations (MSM and WSW). New studies show that violence and AIDS are a high risk for these vulnerable groups, which are larger than normally assumed. Description: The literatu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1265)
Ndyanabangi BA, Osewe G, Ncube B, Shongwe S, Hayman J;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA, United States
Background: The burden of HIV is beyond what the national health systems in ECSA can handle, and efforts to scale up effective programs have intensified. VCT is recognized as central to combating the epidemic through prevention and care. Access to antiretroviral therapy is increasing; however, only about 10% of people
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1266)
Khongphatthanayothin M, Tantipaibulvut S, Nookhai S, Chunchee P, Phanuphak P;;;; The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: The Thai Red Cross (TRC) Anonymous Clinic in Bangkok, established in 1991, was Asia s first voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centre for HIV. The clinic also serves as an entry point to care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Following the HIV diagnosis, clients are offered a CD4 count at an affo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1267)
Maman S, Medley AM, Garcia-Moreno C, McGill S;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: This paper synthesizes the rates, barriers, and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among women. Disclosure of HIV serostatus can reduce anxiety and increase social support, expand awareness of risk to untested partners, increase opportunities for risk reduction, enable couples to make
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1268)
Khumalo-Sakutukwa G, Routh J, Fiamma A, Lane T, Fritz K, Morin SF;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Background: Despite the importance of knowing one s HIV status, the uptake of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) remains low in sub-Saharan Africa. As part of developing an HIV prevention strategy involving mobile VCT, we explored relationships among motivations, barriers and acceptance of VCT. Methods: A mobil
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1269)
Mukadi YD, Bangendanye L, Karibushi B, Ngabonziza M, Rwakunda D, Usabinema A, Sahaha JB, van Praag E, Murray D;;;; FHI-Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Issues: Tremendous momentum exists for quickly scaling up ART programs to reach the maximum number of people in need of HIV treatment. A venue where a high proportion of HIV infected persons needing treatment can be reached is the TB clinic. However, access of TB patients to HIV counseling and testing services (HCT) ha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1270)
Taegtmeyer M, Ikahu A, Mutsungah Y, Theobald S, Doyle V;;;; Liverpool VCT Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
Issues: The year 2003 has seen a rapid scale-up of VCT in Kenya and across Africa. However access to VCT services remains inequitable and the speed of scale-up has led to quality concerns. Description: This paper integrates different methods and philosophies of VCT service provision into a systematic approach that is q
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1295)
Zack B;;;; Centerforce, San Quentin, United States
Issue: Prevalence rates of HIV and hepatitis B /C in the prison population are much greater than the free population; this is true worldwide. Much of this is due to the number of injecting drug users in prison. The intraprison transmission of blood-borne infections, sometimes in the form of explosive outbreaks, has als
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1298)
Kerr T, Curtis M, Jurgens R;;;; Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Montreal, Canada
Issues: Despite considerable efforts to control the supply of drugs, illicit drug use persists in prisons throughout the world. High rates of incarceration among drug users, and resistance on the part of prison authorities to harm reduction programs have contributed to epidemics of HIV/AIDS in various settings. Given t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1301)
Tapfumaneyi WO, Banda F, Hanefeld J, Mishra A, Varma M, Ossiya S, Turyatemba C, Mwirumubi J, Louis JC, Scalway T;;;; Panos Southern Africa, Lusaka, Zambia
Issues: The Panos Global AIDS Programme presents an analysis of HIV/AIDS public participation in policy agenda-setting in four focus countries. The study aims: To analyse the extent to which those most affected by the pandemic are involved in HIV/AIDS policy. To identify successes and failures of some key participatory
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1302)
Crone ET;;;; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
There is an emerging women s movement in HIV as evidenced by international initiatives and local efforts. This movement is an essential aspect of addressing the pandemic, preventing its spread and ameliorating its toll, as it is a means of involving stakeholders at all levels in the response. Human rights are the drivi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1303)
Yang Y, Zhang KL;;;; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Background: HIV/AIDS has been described as a global security issue and is commonly referred to as a disease epidemic that is accompanied by an epidemic of stigma. Large population centres in China , and the rest of Asia have been largely untouched by the epidemic but are projected to become major sources of new infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1304)
Elliott RT, Taylor AR;;;; Global Justice/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
With half of all new HIV infections occurring in young people ages 15-24, students need the skills to participate in what is increasingly their fight: the fight against the worldwide AIDS pandemic. In this session, we present a reproducible model for training high school, undergraduate, and graduate students as HIV/AID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1305)
Banerjee S, Torres MA;;;; International Council of AIDS Service Organizations, Toronto, Canada
Issues: Implementation of the Declaration of Commitment (DoC) is a government led process with active civil society (CS) participation. In 2003 member states were asked by the UN to report back on indicators developed by UNAIDS to monitor progress made towards reaching the 2003 targets. Though the onus to report is on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1306)
Doupe A;;;; Geneva, Switzerland
Issue: Creating a supportive social and political environment involves protecting the human rights of PLWHA. Description: Mapping the national and state (if applicable) legal and regulatory framework of a country and analysing this in relation to the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights can be used to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1337)
Foncha CA, Kganakga C, Poole C, Nocawe N;;;; MSF, Lusikisiki, South Africa
Issue: SA is hard hit by HIV/AIDS with about 6 million PWAs. With high prevalence (41% test +ve in our program) and high stigma, involvement of PWAs in the implementation of a program helps break the stigma and overcome shortage of human resources. At the same time, it empowers the patient and cultivates a positive att
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1338)
Frolov A, Khodakevich N;;;; AIDS Foundation East-West (AFEW), Moscow, Russian Federation
Issue: One of the world s fastest growing HIV epidemics lies in the RF. As of December 2003, nearly 260 000 HIV cases were officially registered, including 35 000 incarcerated persons. Lack of funding for health promotion and HIV prevention in prisons left inmates and staff with little or no knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Risk
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1339)
Cates JR;;;; Univerisity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Issues: Mass media campaigns have been criticized for having insider bias of the message producers and for being more effective in adding knowledge than changing behavior. In 2002, a partnership among MTV Networks International, the Kaiser Family Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the nonprofit orga
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1341)
Souza MB, Schechter M, Yoshida CB, Pedrosa J, Santos GR, Weinstein A;;;; Projeto Praca Onze- UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Issues: The conduct of ethical HIV vaccine research is dependent upon meaningful community participation in all stages. Worldwide, HIV vaccine research sites have been developing community education programs to build capacity among community members (stakeholders; civil society representatives) in order to empower them
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WeOrE1342)
Munisi W, Mahongo T, Msuya G, Masuki G, Msaky H, Kironde S, Saba J;;;; Kilombero District Council, Ifakara, Tanzania
Issues: Multi-sectoral involvement is key in successful implementation and design of PMTCT programs in high burden settings. Description: In 2001, a needs assessment team of representatives from national, regional, district and community levels evaluated the feasibility of providing PMTCT to hard-to-reach women in rura
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5596)
Lai S, Lima JA;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Background: Although cocaine use and HIV infection have been linked with clinical cardiovascular disease, the effects of cocaine use and HIV infection, especially the combination of HIV infection and cocaine use, on subclinical disease have not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cocaine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5597)
Gallagher AL, Azevedo MN, Tuma MF, Zancaron AL;;;; University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: The association of rheumatological manifestations and the infection caused by HIV has been found and described in literature since 1987, with a fluctuation in range from of lt 1% to gt 10%, without information about the utilization of antiretroviral treatment. The objectives of this work were the determinat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5598)
Gras G, Bossuet C, Vaufrey F, Conde F, Chretien F, Pichon J, Hantraye P, Le Grand R, Dormont D;;;; Service de Neurovirologie, UMR-E1 CEA, DSV/DRM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Background: Neuronal injury associated with HIV infection has sometimes been evidenced by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([1]H-MRS) with a decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA). However, most MRS studies only studied a few metabolites and not glutamate, a putative major neurotoxin in AIDS. We thus evaluated, in S
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5599)
Tran MK, Kirkiacharian S, Caprani A, Maurisson G;;;; Association Positifs, Paris, France
Background: HIV 1 Nef is a kind of complex mosaic protein, endowed with many unrelated functions. One of the recent discovery (Greenway A. L., 2002) is that Nef has the same properties than mdm2, namely Nef binds to and inhibits p53, the major tumor suppressor protein, implicated in half of all the cancers. Our objecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5600)
Hoke A, Keswani S, Polley M, Leitz G, McArthur JC;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protects central nervous system neurons against cytotoxic insults. However, the role of endogenous erythropoietin in HIV patients with neuropathy and the effects of exogenous rhEPO on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and Schwann cells are unknown. We examin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5601)
Sud A, Chhetri D, Nehra R, Das CP, Bambery P, Singh S;;;; PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Background: Cognitive impairment develops in 30% of patients with AIDS. Mild neurocognitive disorder is the most common and early diagnosis can modulate management. Objectives: To screen HIV-infected patients for early cognitive dysfunction. To compare 3 different tests: mini mental state examination (MMSE), neurophysi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5603)
Hooi AY;;;; Barking Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom
Background: Arthralgia usually of mild to moderate intensity and intermittent is not an uncommon manifestation of patients with HIV infection. It is characterised by bony pain of short duration usually with absence of inflammation. The purpose of this study is to assess the type and frequency of arthralgia among HIV pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5604)
Chiurtu A, Dumitrescu F, Cupsa A, Romanescu F;;;; Regional Center of Survey and Monitoring HIV/AIDS Infection, Craiova, Romania
Background: Mucocutaneous involvement is present in 50-80% of HIV-infected patients, often as first manifestation, its severity and persistence raising suspicion of HIV infection. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of main mucocutaneous diseases in horizontally HIV-infected children with antiretroviral therapy accord
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5605)
Macheru NM;;;; African Concern Outreach, Nairobi, Kenya
Issues: Poverty and the HIV/AIDS challenge are inextricably inter-wined. subsequently, poverty reduction has been our key issue in the process of developing HIV/AIDS programmes for our target groups. findings from our baseline survey indicate that sexual promiscuity among the youth in search of quick money has been on
Skin rashes are some of the most common opportunistic infections in PLWHA found among the clients in the Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria . Like most other resource-limited countries of the world, conventional drugs for skin medication are out of the reach of common people. Traditional medicine is African and carr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5607)
Pretorius GS, Jooste WJ, Zeier M, Beverley PC, Tchilian EZ, Boxall S, Kotze MJ;;;; Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme (HPP), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
Background: Increased risk of HIV-infection in the Caucasian population has previously been attributed to the 77C[right arrow]G polymorphism in the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45/PTPRC) gene and this point mutation is virtually absent in African populations. Identification of possible functional mut
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5608)
Araujo F, Ribeiro N, Gomes H, Marques R, Mota-Miranda A;;;; Molecular Biology Center-Dept. of Transfusiona Medicine and Blood Bank, Porto, Portugal
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic profile of the patients and characteristics of the virus in order to determine the influence of these interactions in the prognosis of patients and response to treatment. Methods: Three populations of patients were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and
Background: Human T Lymphotropic Virus I (HTLV-I)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognizes the products of the HTLV-I Tax, in the context of HLA-A2 and kills their target through a perforin dependent mechanism. The efficiency of the CTL response may lead the HTLV-I infested individuals. Materials and Method: I
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5610)
Nakayama EE, Tanaka Y, Nagai Y, Iwamoto A, Shioda T;;;; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases/Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Background A valine-to-isoleucine substitution at the 64th position of CCR2 (CCR2-64I) is associated with a delay in progression to AIDS in HIV-1-infected individuals. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of this allele. Methods: We analyzed the effect of the 64I su
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5611)
Nagy K, Kemeny B, Beres J, Horvath A;;;; National Institute of Dermato- Venerology, Budapest, Hungary
Background: The chemokine receptor CCR5 represents the major coreceptor for the macrophage (M) tropic HIV. In the European population a mutant allele of the CCR5 gene (delta 32) is widespread, which carries a 32 bp deletion, rendering the protein useless for its function. Carriers of the CCR5 delta 32 have a partial pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5612)
Price P, James I, Fernandez S, French MA;;;; University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Background: Some HIV patients treated with HAART never resolve their plasma viraemia and in others HIV RNA virus can reappear after a period of virological control. We investigate whether polymorphisms in cytokine genes affect control of viral replication over five years on HAART. Methods: Plasma HIV RNA levels were as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5613)
Myazawa M, Kanari Y, Clerici M, Abe H, Kawabata H, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Mazzotta F, Fijisawa H, Niwa A, Ishihara C, Takei YA;;;; Dept Immunol, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
Several host genes have been associated with natural resistance against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection or either delayed or accelerated development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after HIV-1 seroconversion. Among existing human clusters showing natural resistance to HIV-1 infection, there
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5614)
Pretorius GS, Zeier M, Vorster HH, Venter C, Kruger A, George G, Beutler E, Kotze MJ;;;; Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals experience a range of haematological complications, including anaemia, representing a prognostic marker for future disease progression or death, independent of CD4+ counts or viral load. Given the ability of HIV to alter iron metabolism, identification
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5615)
Katze MG;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Background: Little is known at the global level concerning the host response to lentivirus infection. We therefore initiated studies to learn what occurs inside a AIDS infected cell and animal using high throughout and computational biology approaches. Particular attention has been focused on the adaptive and innate im
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5616)
Ryabov GS, Kazennova EV, Zverev SY, Pokrovsky VV, Bobkov AF, Weber JN;;;; The D.I.Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Background: The CCR5 and CCR2 chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms have been shown to influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression. These observations have arisen from studies of HIV-exposed or HIV-infected cohorts where infection has been acquired sexually or via HIV-contaminated blood and its
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5617)
Choremi-Papadopoulou H, Tsalimalma K, Lekka H, Kontos AN, Spyropoulou M, Stavropoulos K, Kordossis TH;;;; Immunology Dept., Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
The incidence and clinical outcome of HIV infection are influenced by differences in viral strains and host genetic factors. There are many reports of HLA association with HIV disease progression although these studies can be complicated by many factors. In this report we analysed HLA class I (A,B,C) Ags by serology an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5618)
Zhu D, Nakamura H, Goto M, Odawara T, Nakamura T, Yamada H, Kotaki H, Iwamoto A, Kitamura Y;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) show variable response to antiretroviral therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) such as nelfinavir (NFV), which are substrate of the P-glycoprotein, the product of the multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) gene. Reportedly, single-nucleotide polym
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5619)
Abidi SH, Dong T, Hene L, Vuong M, Evans EJ, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones SL, Davis SJ;;;; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,The University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
Background: The identity of soluble factors, called T cell-derived anti-viral factors (CAFs), that are secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and inhibit HIV replication in vitro, is an eighteen year old mystery and one of the major unsolved questions in HIV immunology. Methods: Reverse transcriptase (RT) levels we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5620)
Wichukchinda N, Nakayama EE, Matsumi T, Rojanawiwat A, Pathipvanich P, Auwanit W, Vongsheree S, Ariyoshi K, Shioda T, Sawanpanyalert P;;;; National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Background: Several host genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect the rate of HIV diseases progression in Europeans and Americans. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these genetic polymorphisms on the level of viral load in HIV-1 infected Thais. Methods: We examined 595 HIV-1 infected individuals w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5621)
Yu XG, Meyer-Olson D, Lichterfeld M, Perkins B, Johnston MN, Parta M, Kim AY, Wurcel AG, Pae E, Cohen D, Allen T, Kalams SA, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
Background: Some HLA class I alleles have been associated with slow HIV-1 disease progression. Functional differences in CD8+T cell responses specific for epitopes cross-presented by alleles associated with different impact on disease progression may provide important insights into T cell functionality. This study asse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5622)
Leechanachai P, Samleerat T, Dettrairat S, Kunachiwa W, Kohreanudom S, Raksakulkarn P;;;; Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: Binding to CCR5 co-receptor are absolutely required for the entry of M-tropic strain of HIV-1 into the host cells. The N-terminal and extracellular domain 1 and 2 of CCR5 protein are essential for the binding process. Modification in both quality and quantity of CCR5 molecules on the surface of HIV target c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5623)
Ndung'u T, Gaseitsiwe S, Sepako E, Doualla-Bell F, Peter T, Kim S, Thior I, Novitsky VA, Essex M;;;; Botswana-Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
Background: Southern Africa is facing an unprecedented public health crisis due to the high prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Vaccine development and testing efforts are underway; mainly based on elicitation of HIV-specific T cells. To understand the role of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5624)
Leetrakool N, Kunachiwa W, Dettrairat S, Kohreanudom S;;;; Blood Bank Section, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations have been frequently reported in HIV/AIDS patients in many populations. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular immunogenetic background of people living with HIV/AIDS in Chiang Mai province of Northern Thailand . Methods: The class I HLA-A*, HLA-B
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5625)
Myles O, Ehrenberg PH, Wortman G, Hawkes CA, Aronson NE, Blazes DL, Armstrong AW, Wallace MR, Agan B, Dolan MJ, Fraser SL, Sateren WB, Milazzo M, Michael NL, Wegner S;;;; Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
Background: African Americans (AA) with HIV-1 infection have been found to have a decreased time to development of AIDS compared to whites (W). Unequal access to health care is thought to be the major cause of this phenomenon. We recently observed a decreased time to virologic failure in AA compared with W in a cohort
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5626)
Louisirirotchanakul S, Jourdain G, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Auewarakul P, Boonprasit W, Kosalaraksa P, Hansudewechakul R, Ngampiyasakul C, Layangool P, Hongsiriwon S, Attavijtrakarn P, Chalermpantmetagul S, Seubmongkolchai R, Sukrakanchana P, Lallemant M;;;; Department of Microbiology/Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital/ Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Host genetic polymorphism has been shown to play a role in HIV pathogenesis but little data is available in Asia. Objective: to assess the association between perinatal HIV transmission and genetic polymorphism of chemokine receptors (CCR5m303, CCR2-64I) and chemokine (SDF1-3 pie A) in infants born to HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5627)
Pustowka A, Dietz J, Ferner J, Baumann M, Landersz M, Koenigs C, Schwalbe H, Dietrich U;;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus Insitute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt, Germany
Background: Specific interactions between proteins and RNA play an important role in regulatory processes and are therefore an attractive target for molecular interventions. Our approach focuses on the selection of peptide ligands from phage-displayed peptide libraries, which specifically bind to the complete PSI-RNA o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5628)
Tsuchiya Y, Morioka K, Shirai J, Yoshida K;;;; National Institute of Animal Health, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Although human lysozyme is known as the antibacterial medicine for many years, it turns out that it is effective also in the medical treatment of AIDS in recent years. However, a mass production system for it is not established yet and its clinical application to AIDS is not made. In order to spread human l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5629)
Arunothayanun P, Srinarong P, Nilkumhang S, Prayngam S, Tangkaravakoon A, Suwanpidokkul N, Mongkolpiyawat J, Eksaengsri A;;;; Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Saquinavir 200 and 400 mg tablets were developed as alternatives to the existed 200 mg capsule formulation. As generally prescribed, patients may be required to take a total of nine saquinavir mesylate capsules (200 mg saquinavir) each day.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5630)
Watnasirichaikul S, Panchon S, Thaunsukon P, Eksaengsri A, Kraisintu K;;;; Research and Development Institute, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Inconvenience and difficulty in using nevirapine tablets to treat children infected with HIV can lead to poor compliance. Nevirapine hemihydrate, a water-soluble compound, has been patented in Thailand and manufactured in a solution form.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5631)
Suwanpidokkul N, Thongnopnua P, Umpraym K;;;; Research and Development Institute, The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: To formulate a transdermal dosage form for zidovudine ( AZT ) by using the appropriate combination of vehicles and enhancers. The effects of vehicles, enhancers and polymer membrane were studied by determining its permeation across a cadaver pig skin. The use of membrane for controlling skin permeation was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5632)
Robinson WE Jr, Lee DJ;;;; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
Background: Due to resistance of HIV to protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, inhibition of other target genes are being actively pursued as therapeutic options. Several classes of integrase (IN) inhibitors have been described. We hypothesized that inhibitors of the diketoacid and dicaffeoyltartaric
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5633)
Le Van K, Georges B, Hevesi L, Boland S, Cauvin C, Durant F, Demonte D, Dewalque S, Van Lint C, Burny A;;;; University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
Background: Side effects and drug resistance continue to complicate combination drugs AIDS therapy. Consequently, there is a need for the synthesis of new drugs that can reduce toxicity and improve antiviral activity against both the wild type and drug resistant HIV. Methods: A series of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5634)
Tan JJ, Kong R, Wang CX, Chen WZ;;;; College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
Background: Blocking HIV-1 viral entry into the host cell offers a promising new strategy for interfering with the HIV-1 life cycle. A major target of inhibitor design is to prevent binding of gp41 C-peptides to the trimeric coiled coil of fusion-active N-peptides. Methods: We report here 2ns molecular dynamics (MD) si
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5635)
Sato A, Kodama M, Yoshinaga T, Kawasuji T, Kiyama R, Fujishita T, Masuda K, Yoshikawa T, Kuwata T, Miyazaki Y, Miura T, Hayami M, Fujiwara T;;;; Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Background: SIV-infected rhesus monkey model has been used to evaluate in vivo efficacy of anti-HIV inhibitors, such as tenofovir . SHIV-infected rhesus monkey has been used for the evaluation of anti-HIV compound including integrase inhibitor, L-870,812. However, in this SHIV model, antiviral treatment usually started
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5636)
Matillano CM;;;; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York,New York, United States
Background: Atazanavir is a new protease inhibitor. Due to potential drug interactions and potency concerns, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) is widely used in the United States . Currently, the only data on the safety and efficacy of ATV/r come from astudy in which patients were switched to ATV/r fr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5637)
Baxa D, Golembieski A, Chang E, Malik R, Markowitz N;;;; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States
Background: Genistein is a soy isoflavone. It is reported that short-term exposure of HIV infected cell lines to genistein result in an increase in virus titers. This effect is attributed to the ability of genistein to induce a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. We wanted to determine the effect of long term exposure to gen
Background: Glycyrrhizic acid is the major bioactive triterpene glycoside of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sps.) extracts possessing a wide range of pharmacological properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-dote, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-viral etc.). Glycyrrhizic acid and its monoammonium salt (glycyram, tussilinar) are w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5639)
Semenova EA, Plyasunova OA, Petrenko NI, Uzenkova NV, Shultz EE, Tolstikov GA, Pokrovsky AG;;;; State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology 'Vector', Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA into the human genome requires the virus-specific integrase protein (IN), which makes IN a suitable target in developing antiviral strategies. Recently we tested 43 novel betulinic acid derivatives as inhibitors of HIV-1[BRU] activity on viral infected cell
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5640)
Mansfield RW, Napier CM, Sale HE, Mosley MJ, Rickett G, Dorr P, Perros M;;;; Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
Background: UK-427,857 is a human CCR5 antagonist undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. UK-427,857 does not bind to mouse, rat or dog CCR5 homologues. Methods: In this study we compared the binding affinity of UK-427,857 with the human and macaque recombinant CCR5 receptors and assessed f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5641)
Yan H, Chiba T, Nishizawa M, Kitamura Y, Yamamoto N, Sugiura W;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Background and objective: Integration of the reverse transcribed proviral DNA into the host genome is essential event in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication life cycle. Therefore, viral enzyme integrase (IN), which plays crucial role in this integration event, has been the attractive target of anti-
Background: SPD754 is a deoxycytidine analogue with promising clinical efficacy against HIV-1 infection. No evidence of in vitro mitochondrial toxicity was observed when cells were exposed to SPD754 concentrations up to 30 times greater than the expected clinical Cmax. SPD754 was active against a range of recombinant v
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5643)
Allaway GP, Bare J, Kilgore NR, Reddick M, Martin DE, Wild CT, Stoddart CA;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
Background: PA-457 is the lead drug candidate in a new class of antiretrovirals termed maturation inhibitors. It has been shown that PA-457 blocks virus replication by disrupting conversion of the capsid (CA) precursor, p25 to mature CA protein, p24. This block to CA processing results in defective core condensation an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5644)
Martin DE, Smith P, Wild CT, Allaway GP;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, United States
Background: PA-457 is the first in a new class of antiretrovirals called Maturation Inhibitors (MI). PA-457 blocks a late step in HIV-1 Gag processing that results in defective core condensation and the release of non-infectious virus particles. Specifically, PA-457 disrupts the conversion of the capsid precursor, p25
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5645)
Pal R, Kish-Catalone T, Parrish J, Rose JN, Reitz M, Gallo R, Devico A;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
Background: The R5 phenotype of HIV-1 isolates accounts for the majority of heterosexual transmission in the developing world. In the absence of any vaccine, it is essential that microbicide targeting such viruses be developed which can prevent HIV-1 transmission. Nonhuman primates are useful models to assess the toxic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5646)
Wijitkosoom A, Tonmunphean S, Parasuk V, Hannongbua S, Truong TN;;;; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme for the HIV replication process in human. It composes of three domains, central region (core domain) and two terminal ends (N-terminal and C-terminal domains). However, the structure comprising all three domains, which provides a potentially powerful target for ra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5647)
Mansfield RW, Brunton NS, Sutton MR, Leishman D;;;; Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
Background: UK-427,857 is a human CCR5 receptor antagonist in clinical evaluation for treatment of HIV infection. Previous CCR5 antagonists have been shown to prolong the QT interval of the ECG. Methods: We have investigated the potential of UK-427,857 to interact with the I[Kr] current and thus to influence cardiac re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5648)
Reiss Y, Alroy I, Tuvia S, Greener T, Gordon D, Barr H, Taglicht D, Mandil-Levin R, Ben-Avraham D, Konforty D, Nir A, Levius O, Bicoviski V, Dori M, Cohen S, Yaar L, Erez O, Propheta-Meiran O, Koskas M, Caspi-Bachar E, Alchanati I, Sela-Brown A, Moskowitz H, Schubert U;;;; Proteologics Ltd., Rehovot, Israel
The ubiquitin system is implicated in HIV-1 budding at the cell membrane. Here we report a novel role for ubiquitination in HIV biogenesis by identifying an essential role for the human ubiquitin ligase POSH in HIV-1 release and infectivity. Small inhibitory RNA-mediated silencing of hPOSH ablates virus secretion indep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5649)
Jinno-Oue A, Shimizu N, Soda Y, Tanaka A, Ohtsuki T, Kurosaki D, Hoshino H;;;; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
Background: An orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR1, act as coreceptor for HIV-1 variants that infect primary human brain-derived fibroblast-like cells, originated from microvessel pericytes. Not only HIV-1 variants, but also many HIV-2 and SIV strains utilize GPR1 to enter cells. Since it has been demonstrated that
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5650)
Wild CT, Salzwedel K, Crisafi K, Jackson T, Castillo A, Kilgore NR, Reddick M, Allaway GP;;;; Panacos Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
Background: Fusion inhibitors are a promising new class of HIV therapeutics that act by blocking conformational changes in the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) that drive fusion of the viral and cellular membranes during virus entry. Proof of concept for this therapeutic approach is provided by the recently approved inh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5651)
Lee-Huang S, Huang P, Huang P;;;; New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
Background: Many AIDS patients use olive leaf extract (OLE) to strengthen the immune system, relieve chronic fatigue, treat KS and HSV , and reduce the side effects of HAART. However, little is known about the anti-HIV activity of OLE and whether it interacts with HAART drugs. This imperils patients who use OLE along w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5652)
Muthumani K, Wadsworth SA, Hwang DS, Choo AY, Abeysinghe HR, Siekierka JJ, Weiner DB;;;; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
Objective: To analyze a novel compound, which inhibits serine-threonine protein kinase p38 for its possible bioactivity against HIV-1 infection. Methods: Proteins involved in cellular signal transduction pathways represent a novel class of host therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. In this regard the serine/thre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5653)
Clotet-Codina I, Armand-Ugon M, Clotet B, Este JA;;;; Retrovirology Laboratory IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
Background: Polyanions such as dextran sulfate and heparin have long been studied as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro and in vivo. Polyanion selective pressure on HIV has been shown to induce amino acid changes scattered in the gp120 envelope glycoprotein responsible for vi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5654)
Murthy KK, Cobb EK, Salas MT, McClure HM;;;; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, United States
Background: T cells play an important role in response to infection and CD8+ T cell function is vital for either containing or eliminating viral infections and other intracellular pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CD8+ T cells in mediating resistance to disease progression in HIV infected ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5656)
Valentin A, Morrow M, Poirier RH, Aleman K, Little R, Yarchoan R, Pavlakis GN;;;; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
Background: HAART fails to eradicate all the infected cells from HIV-1 patients. Protease inhibitors are substrates for the P-glycoprotein pump, a member of the ABC family of transporters associated with multidrugs resistance in several diseases. We hypothesized that high P-glycoprotein activity in a subset of CD4+ cel
Background: Several studies have shown that HIV carrying resistance mutations is less fit than wild type HIV and it has been suggested that a discordant response could be due to this effect. However the evolution of mutations of HIV in patients with good CD4 response remaining on the same highly active antiretroviral t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5658)
Armand-Ugon M, Clotet I, Jiang S, Clotet B, Este JA;;;; Retrovirology Laboratory irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
Background: ADS-J1 is a low molecular weight compound selected for its ability to interfere with the association of the N- and C-terminal heptad repeat regions of HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein. As ADS-J1 is a polysulfonic acid, we wanted to define its way of action and compare it with other polyanionic compounds. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5659)
Sugiura W, Matsuda M, Chiba T, Nishizawa M, Kakizawa J, Ueda T, Hamatake M, Fujino M, Yamada K, Yamamoto N;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Objective: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced in Japan in 1997 and has been accepted as a standard treatment for HIV-1 since that time. As has been widely reported, HAART has improved the prognosis of the infection significantly. However, cases failed in treatment due to antiretroviral drug res
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5660)
Chiba T, Takizawa M, Matsuda M, Honda M, Nishizawa M, Matsuda Z, Yamamoto N, Sugiura W;;;; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Background and objective: The emergence of drug-resistant viruses is one of the major causes of HIV-1 treatment failure, and drug resistance genotyping and phenotyping are recommended as important tests to guide effective anti-retroviral treatment. Several phenotypic assay systems are available today. These are in vitr
BACKGOUND: In the last years, treatment guidelines for HIV-infection have evolved from monotherapy to combination regimens including three or more active drugs. We evaluated the changes in viral fitness associated with the sequential introduction of antiretroviral drugs in four chronically HIV-1 infected patients with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5662)
Saen-oon S, Sompornpisut P, Aruksakulwong O, Wittayanarakul K, Parasuk V, Hannongbua S;;;; Computational Chemistry Unit Cell, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Saquinavir (SQV) is a widely used anti HIV-1 protease (PR) drug for AIDS therapy. This study aims to provide explanation and understanding of drug binding in molecular basis as well as the inhibition mechanism of HIV-1 PR complexed with SQV using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Methods: MD simulations
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5663)
Rojanawiwat A, Ariyoshi K, Pathipvanich P, Srisawat J, Auwanit W, Sawanpanyalert P;;;; National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Background: The Lampang HIV Couple Cohort was developed to study mechanisms of HIV-1 non-transmission among HIV-uninfected spouses of HIV-infected partners. The objective of the current study is to analyze the risk factors of HIV-infected partners who transmitted HIV to their spouses. Methods: HIV-infected cases were r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5664)
Kaplan AH, Pettit SC;;;; UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
Background: The HIV protease is translated as part of the 160 kDa GagPol precursor and is only functional as a dimer. The dimer interface of the 99 amino acid processed, mature protease includes a 4-stranded anti-parallel B-pleated sheet. Although the dimer interface has been well-characterized in the mature protease,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5665)
Nguyen M, Pean P, Nouhin J, Ly N, Ing R, Phoung V, Henin Y, Glaziou P, Scott-Algara D, Barre-Sinoussi F, Carcelain G, Reynes JM, Pancino G;;;; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Background: Partners of HIV-1 patients who have had repeated unprotected sexual intercourses for >1 year, but remained HIV-1 negative by serology and PCR (Exposed Uninfected, EU) were enrolled for a study on potential factors of protection against HIV-1. In vitro resistance to HIV-1 infection and HIV-specific T cell re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5666)
Brindeiro PA, Tanuri A, Martins AN, Arruda MB, Rubini NP, de Sa CA, Brindeiro RM;;;; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Bio Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Backgound: To determine the genetic profile and origin of the major HIV-1 population found after the treatment interruption from a vertically infected child failing ARV therapy with multiple PI mutations, in comparison with first serology and treatment viral populations from the same patient. Methods: Plasma samples an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5667)
Di Giambenedetto S, Perno CF, Cingolani A, Forbici F, Bacarelli A, Liuzzi G, Cauda R, Antinori A, De Luca A;;;; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
Background: We evaluated the predictive value of abacavir (ABC) genotypic resistance interpretation by different systems. Methods: Retrospective analysis. Patients with treatment interruptions before genotyping or after beginning salvage therapy were excluded. Using 15 interpretation systems (IS): Stanford hivdb, ANRS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5668)
Ferguson MR, Filizzola MJ, Montes-Walters M, O'Brien WA;;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States
Background: The assessment of T-20 susceptibility in primary macrophages is challenging because of inherent donor-to-donor differences in susceptibility to infection, as well as susceptibility to T-20, but this may help to understand clinical effects of T-20. This would include assessment of susceptibility of both wild
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5669)
Kato S, Tanaka R;;;; Keio University School of Medicine, Departent of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Antiretroviral effects of intracellular protease inhibitors on the HIV-1 production from productively infected cells was studied. Methods: MOLT-4 cells producing the HIV-1 LAI strain were used. The PIs tested were IDV, SQV, RTV, NFV, APV, and LPV. The intracellular concentration of PIs was determined by HPL
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5670)
Hladik F, Liu H, Speelmon EC, Livingston-Rosanoff D, Wilson S, Sakchalathorn E, Nelson P, Moerbe M, Zhu T, McElrath MJ;;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
Background: A homozygous 32 base pair deletion in the gene encoding the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 (R5d32) confers protection against HIV-1 transmission, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCR5 promoter (R5P) region correlate with the rate of progression to AIDS. Here, we investigated the combined protective
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5671)
Arya SK, D'Costa J, Sachdeva G, Cho JE, Adaka S;;;; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Background: Despite the calamity of HIV/AIDS, the question remains: is there a silver lining in an otherwise dismal picture? The answer will be affirmative if vectors can be derived from HIVs for gene therapy, RNAi, and genetic immunization in AIDS and other diseases. We think HIV-2 derived vectors will be better than
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5672)
Lu Y, Zeng L, Planelles V;;;; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, United States
Background: Lentiviral vectors derived from HIV-1 are emerging as the vectors of choice for long term, stable in vitro and in vivo gene transfer. A unique and attractive property of these vectors is their ability to stably transduce nonproliferating differentiated cells. To facilitate the use of lentiviral vectors medi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5673)
van Lunzen J, Brandenburg G, Baum C, Kuehlcke K, Koopman G, Alexandrov A, Stahmer I, von Laer MD;;;; University Clinic Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Background: Limitations of HAART (e.g. drug-resistant HIV variants,long-term toxicities) have become obvious indicating the need for innovative strategies to treat HIV. Objective: To develop an effective gene therapy for HIV infection by ex vivo transfer of an antiviral gene into autologous CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5674)
Turner LS, Hasham MG, Tsygankov AY, Henderson EE;;;; Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in reducing HIV-1 viral burden by interrupting virus replication at several key steps. However, a latent viral reservoir remains that is not susceptible to current drug regimens and rebounds upon interruption of HAART. Toxicity associated with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5675)
Morris KV, Gilbert J, Wong-Staal F, Gasmi M, Looney DJ;;;; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are capable of packaging viral RNA derived from heterologous as well as homologous lentiviruses, a phenomenon referred to as cross packaging . Methods: In order to remove the possibility
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5676)
Raymond AD, Hasham MG, Tsygankov AY, Henderson EE;;;; Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
Background: Herpesvirus saimiri(HVS), transforms primate and human T-cells in vitro. Tyrosine kinase interacting protein (Tip) is unique to H. saimiri and required for transformation. We are interested in exploiting restrictive mechanisms of unique viral-encoded proteins to alter HIV-1 infection in immune cells through
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5677)
Wilson CC, Livingston B, MaWhinney S, Schooley R, Forster J, Anders M, Blyveis N, Newman M, Benson C;;;; University of Colorado HSC, Denver, CO, United States
Forty HIV+ pts who had full suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA while receiving ART were enrolled in a Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose escalation study of EP HIV-1090, a multi-epitope DNA vaccine that encodes 21 HIV-1 CTL epitopes and PADRE, a potent HTL epitope, in a plasmid designed to induce C
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5678)
Odawara T, Tomizawa M, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Ide F, Furutsuki T, Hosoya N, Nakamura T, Iwamoto A;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Background: A dozen of HIV-1 CTL epitopes restricted by HLA-A*2402 (HLA-A24) have been reported. Since 70% of the Japanese express HLA-A24, we wished to analyze CTL epitope sequences restricted by HLA-A24 and to develop a therapeutic vaccine according to the result. Methods: Fragments of plasma HIV-1 RNA were amplified
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5680)
Felber BK, von Gegerfelt A, Rosati M, Alicea C, Roth P, Bear J, Valentin A, Boyer JD, Weiner D, Bischofberger N, Markham P, Pavlakis GN;;;; National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, United States
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to drastic reduction in viral burden, but HIV (or SIV in macaques) remaining in pharmacological sanctuaries rebounds rapidly upon treatment interruption. Immune restoration methods are highly desirable. Therefore, therapeutic immunization of ART-treated individuals could b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5681)
Akkina R, Anderson J, Banerjea A;;;; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
Background: Lack of efficient vaccines and emergence of drug resistant mutants after prolonged therapy necessitate alternative treatment strategies for HIV infection. SiRNAs that mediate RNA interference can be potentially exploited for AIDS gene therapy. Methods: Synthetic siRNAs targeted against HIV cell surface rece
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeA5682)
Weiner DB, Otero MA, Calarota S, Muthumani K, Boyer J, Kutzler M, Robinson T, Felber B, Pavlakis G, Israel Z;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Background: The quality and longevity of the immune responses induced by DNA vaccines are significantly below that of vector live approaches. Enhancing potency is critically important as DNA vaccines in concept may provide the broad immunogenicity important for control of HIV in the developing world. Results: One restr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5683)
Connolly NC, Riddler SA, Rinaldo CR, Wilson CC, Ferrone S, Whiteside TL;;;; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
Background: Evidence suggests it is possible to elicit a CD8+ T cell response against selected antigens following immunization with autologous, cultured DCs that are matured and loaded with antigen ex-vivo. Methods: We are conducting a prospective, randomized study to determine the safety and feasibility of autologous,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5685)
Lundgren JD, Mocoft A, Bebchuk J, Staszewski S, Antunes F, Knysz B, Law M, Phillips AN, Neaton J;;;; Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Background: Planners of HIV clinical endpoint trials face formidable problems in determining sample size since the long-term outcome of ART is not well characterized. In 1998, the EuroSIDA study was used to estimate event rates for sample size in the ESPRIT trial assessing the clinical efficacy of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5686)
Gilliam B, Frachette MJ, Boudet F, Dominique J, Silleni M, Gallo R, Redfield R;;;; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
Background: The HIV-1 Tat protein s role in the upregulation of viral replication and immunosuppresion of the HIV infected host make Tat an ideal target for both therapeutic and preventive candidate HIV vaccine strategies. One promising candidate vaccine is a biologically inactivated Tat protein, Tat toxoid. Methods: A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5688)
Dezube BJ, Silverman M, Proper JA, Weeden W, Morrissey J, Tsegaye K, Choy VJ, Williams LA, Wilson JD, Geursen A, Gelder FB;;;; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States
Background: [PE]HRG214 (HRG) is a novel polyclonal antibody (Ab) preparation produced by immunization of goats with purified HIV proteins followed by booster immunizations with synthetic peptides to HIV epitope regions. The resultant agent has high titer and affinity to multiple HIV epitopes and inhibits a broad spectr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5689)
Martinez-Marino B, Shiboski S, Hecht FM, Kahn JO, Levy JA;;;; Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
Objective: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) over time reduces the CD8+ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) in HIV-infected individuals. We evaluated whether IL-2 could maintain or restore this antiviral activity. Methods: Individuals infected with HIV within 6 months were recruited into an acute inf
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5690)
Miro JM, Plana M, Garcia F, Ortiz GM, Maleno MJ, Sued O, Claramonte X, Arnedo M, Garcia A, Joseph J, Tuset M, De Lazzari E, Pumarola T, Nixon D, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;;; Hosp. Clinic - IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Objective: To analyze whether low-dose daily IL-2 therapy combined with STI can increase STI-associated HIV-1-specific T-cell responses and spontaneous control of HIV-1 replication in patients who started HAART within 90 days after PHI. Methods: 12 patients with sustained viral suppression (PVL
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5691)
Poli G, Ghezzi S, Pacciarini F, Nozza S, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A;;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and intermittent interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) induce a sustained increase of circulating CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected individuals. However, IL-2 may increase HIV replication in vivo. Methods: HIV isolation was accomplished by co-cultivation of patients PBMC with T cell blasts of un
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5692)
Lori F, Lisziewicz J, Foli A, Groff A, Pollard R, Blick G, Whitman L, Bakare N, Lova L;;;; RIGHT, at IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy, Washington, DC, United States
Background Immune activation is the driving force for persistent HIV infection. Hydroxyurea- didanosine (HU-ddI) combination has the potential to synergistically limit immune activation and suppress viral load by its cytostatic and antiviral activities. However, major toxicity of 400 mg ddI with 1,200 mg HU discouraged
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5693)
Gerard Y, Laporte R, Ajana F, Yazdanpanah Y, Denis G, Baclet V, Anye M, Simon M, Obert G, Plantier I, Caron J, Mouton Y;;;; Infectious Disease Unit, Tourcoing, France
Issues: Intermittent infusions of Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) to HIV-infected subjects receiving concomitant antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in sustained increase in CD4 cell counts. In vitro data suggest that some neoplasic lineage growths are sensible to IL-2. Little is known about neoplasia associated with IL-2 tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5694)
Roudinskii NI, Mikhailovich VM, Bobkov AF, Sukhanova AL;;;; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Background: To develop rapid and cost-effective assay for HIV drug resistance testing, based on the Biochip hybridization technology. Biochip is a microarray of 3D-hydrogel pads containing immobilized oligonucleotides. Methods: A Biochip microarray has been developed for identification of drug-resistance related mutati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5695)
Arworn D, Sutthent R, Kaoriangudom S, Wirachsilp P, Chokphaibulkit K, Chaisilwatana P, Sirapraphasiri T, Tanprasertsuk S;;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Ministry of Public Health ( Thailand ) (MoPH) has had a program called Access to Care to offer free antiretroviral drugs (ARV), which local produced in Thailand, to any HIV-1 infected patients with CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5696)
Brites C, Bahia F, Pedroso C, Netto EM;;;; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Background: Genotypic mutations are the major reason for HIV-1 resistance to ARV drugs. New resistance mutations are often reported in patients failing HAART. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of new mutations and its association with previous exposure to specific ARV drugs in patients failing HAART, in Bahia,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5697)
Tupinambas U, Aleixo AV, Greco DB;;;; Post-Graduation Program in Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Introduction: The emergence of resistant virus is a significant obstacle to the control of HIV infection and genotyping and phenotyping were developed with the objective of contributing to a correct choice of antiretrovirals, especially after therapeutic failure. The Brazilian AIDS program established a national progra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5698)
Moyle G, Gordon D, Hernandez J, Bonny T, Castillo S, Brothers C, Scott T, Paes D, Craig C;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Background: In ZODIAC, ABC 600mg OAD was demonstrated to be equivalent to ABC 300mg BID in combination with 3TC 300mg OAD and EFV 600mg OAD in treatment-naive subjects (66% and 68% had viral loads
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5699)
Sued O, Arnedo-Valero M, Claramonte X, Blanco JL, Garcia-Alcaide F, Martinez E, Mallolas J, Pumarola T, Gatell JM, Miro JM;;;; Hosp Clinic-IDIBAPS-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Background: To know the prevalence of resistance to antirretrovirals (ARV) drugs in patients with primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) in Barcelona ( Spain ) during the last seven years (1997-2003). Methods: Prospective study in 57 consecutive HIV-1 infected patients who had a negative HIV-1 serology within the pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5701)
Molina JM, Gathe J, Lim PL, Domingo P, Yeh V, Delfraissy JR, Rubin A, Luff K, Tressler R, King M, Brun S;;;; Hop. Saint Louis-Services Medecines Internes et Tropicales, Paris, France
Background: In 4 studies of twice-daily lopinavir / ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens in antiretroviral-naive patients(pts), 0/489 (0%) have demonstrated protease inhibitor(PI) resistance. The risk of resistance development in ARV-naive pts receiving once-daily LPV/r has not been established.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5702)
Brumme ZL, Recsky M, Chan K, Wynhoven B, Dong W, Montaner JS, Harrigan PR;;;; B. C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: The prevalence of drug resistance among persons enrolled in a centralized HIV/AIDS Treatment Program in British Columbia (BC) Canada , who died between 07/97 and 12/01 was investigated in order to determine the degree to which drug resistance contributes to mortality in the HAART era. Methods: 637 deaths oc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5704)
Gonzalez-Olivieri LM, Brindeiro R, Soares M, Pereira H, Santana R, Abreu C, Tanuri A;;;; Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular U.F.R.J., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: This study explore the phenotypic resistance profile, fitness and virus replicative capacity of HIV-1 subtype B and C proteases carrying nelfinavir-resistance mutations (NFV-RM). Methods: Protease genes from B and C subtypes were manipulated by site direct mutagenesis to include D30N and L90M separately, as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5705)
Machado ES, Lambert JS, Afonso AO, Cunha SM, Sill AM, Oliveira RH, Tanuri A, Soares MA;;;; Servico de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitarias, HUCFF, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: In adults, D30N is the most prevalent primary resistance mutation to nelfinavir (NFV) and does not cause cross-resistance with other protease inhibitors (PI). By contrast, L90M mutation, although less frequent than D30N, can lead to a broad cross-resistance to other PIs. The aim of this study was to assess
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5706)
Zaccarelli M, Tozzi V, Lorenzini P, Forbici F, Trotta MP, Visco-Comandini U, Gori C, Boumis E, Bellocchi MC, Bellagamba R, D'Arrigo R, Liuzzi G, Narciso P, Perno CF, Antinori A;;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
Background: Drug class multi-resistance (DCMR) significantly affects virological response in experienced patients (pts). Objective was to evaluate long-term survival in DMCR pts who underwent genotypic resistance test (GRT) after treatment failure. Methods: A cohort of pts experiencing treatment failure was assessed: p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5707)
Novak RM, Chen L, MacArthur RD, Baxter J, Huppler-Hullsiek K, Peng G, Xiang Y, Henley C, Schmetter B, Uy J, van den Berg-Wolf M, Kozal M;;;; University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
Background: The prevalence of antiretroviral-resistant viral isolates from recently infected persons is established, but it is less clear if resistance mutations persist in a chronically infected treatment-naive population. We report the prevalence of persisting resistance mutations, and factors associated with resista
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5708)
Brumme ZL, Wynhoven B, Sattha B, Mo T, Dong W, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, Harrigan PR;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Virtual phenotypes (VPhenotypes, Virco NV) are estimates of HIV drug resistance phenotype based upon detection of matched genotypic patterns in HIV protease and RT. We wished to characterise the range and distribution of HIV drug resistance VPhenotype values observed in clinical practice in a large number o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5709)
Bhattacharya D, Machekano R, Israelski D, Shafer R, Katzenstein D;;;; Stanford University, Stanford, United States
Background: Tenofovir ,a reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI), is increasingly used in salvage regimens among patients with prior multidrug exposure and evidence of NRTI resistance. Objective: To evaluate the virologic and immunologic responses to TDF-cont
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5710)
Galli R, Wynhoven B, Sattha B, Tachedjian G, Harrigan PR;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: We examined the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) between codons 240 and 400 for evidence of mutations associated with drug exposure. Methods: The prevalence of mutations to RT codon 400 was determined in 1009 individuals with known treatment histories and compared to the prevalence in 368 therapy naive indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5711)
Gordon M, Graham N, Van Laethem K, Giddy J, Hampton J, Bishop K, Cassol S;;;; HIV-1 Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre, Doris Duke Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Background: Screening for drug resistance is an important component of antiretroviral programs. At the patient level, screening ensures that each patient receives optimal therapy, avoids the use of ineffective drugs, improves long-term outcome and reduces health care costs. At the population level, screening of treated
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5712)
Mori H, Kojima Y, Kawahata T, Otake T;;;; Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
Background: It has been reported that drug-resistance variants of HIV-1 can persist in PBMCs as a provirus even after the complete suppression of viral replication in plasma is achieved by new antiviral regimens. The same is the case of newly infected individuals to whom drug-resistant HIV-1 was transmitted. The aim of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5713)
Staszewski S, Dauer B, Stuermer M, Haberl A, Mueller A, Gute P, Klauke S, Phillips AN;;;; JW Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt, Germany
Background: Factors associated with loss of virologic response to TDF-regimens, particularly with development of the K65R mutation, have not been widely studied. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients in a clinic cohort who were on a TDF-containing regimen for at least 6 weeks with at least two lab values avai
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5714)
Munoz Nieto-Sandoval M, Carmona Hidalgo R, Perez Alvarez L, Vazquez de Parga de Juan E, Contreras Carrrasco G, Delgado Blanco E, Medrano L, Thomson MM, Sierra Garcia M, Casado Ruiz G, Vega Rocha Y, Najera Morrondo R;;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: We evaluated the differences between genotypic analysis of resistance mutations to HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase(RT) and Protease(PR) inhibitors based on Stanford HIV-Seq program(STF)(http://hiv.db.stanford.edu/) and genotype with quantitative phenotypic analysis (Virtual PhenotypeTM)(VP) from different Circu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5715)
Balakrishnan P, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S, Mayer KH, Vidya S, Boden D, Katzenstein D, Ramratnam B;;;; YRGCARE/VHS, Chennai, India
Background: HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral drugs can lead to treatment failure. Most HIV drug resistance studies of drug naive patients have examined subtype B viruses and less data is available from developing countries where non-B subtypes predominate. Due to the reduction in the cost of HAART, HIV infected patie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5716)
Carmona-Hidalgo R, Munoz M, Perez-Alvarez L, Vazquez de Parga E, Contreras G, Vega Y, Medrano L, Sierra M, Casado G, Delgado E, Thomson M, Najera R;;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: We studied the presence of natural resistance associated mutations to fusion inhibitors (FIs) (T-20, 5-Helix, C-34 and RPR103611) and the polymorphisms in gp41 sequence from B, non-B subtypes and Recombinant Forms HIV-1 from patients in Spain . Patients: 170 samples from HIV-1 infected patients naive to FIs
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5717)
Sethi AK, Gallant JE, Gange SJ, Moore RD, Celentano DD;;;; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
Background: While non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with the development of HIV drug resistance, and illicit drug use is associated with non-adherence, it has not been conclusively demonstrated that illicit drug users develop resistance sooner than non-users. Methods: In Februa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5718)
Leidel R, Oette M, Kaiser R, Faetkenheuer G, Mauss S, Rockstroh JK, Stechel J, Rieke A, Daeumer M, Feldt T, Akbari D, Haeussinger D;;;; University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
Objective: To evaluate the presence of genotypic drug-resistance in therapy-naive patients in Germany before starting HAART. Methods: In a prospective multi-center study genotypic resistance testing was performed in therapy-naive HIV-positive patients when antiviral therapy was first considered. Chi-square test and Coc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5719)
Aleixo AW, Cleto SC, Greco DB;;;; Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: In Brazil , since 1997 most AIDS patients are treated with combined anti-retroviral therapy. The policy of offering free tests to patients, throughout reference laboratories, is part of the Brazilian National AIDS Programme (RENAGENO) and the initial condition to inclusion for genotyping test includes patie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5720)
Danise A, Ratti D, Galli L, Gianotti N, Hasson H, Guffanti M, Seminari E, Fusetti G, Lazzarin A, Castagna A;;;; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Background: Few data are available concerning the frequency and features of AIDS-defining events (ADE) in multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infected patients (pts). Methods: Among the failing pts attending our clinic who underwent a Virtual Phenotype test (VP) between May 2000 and December 2002, we selected all three class-exp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5721)
Tovanabutra S, Kijak GH, Razak MH, Wongworapat K, Vongchak T, Jittiwutikarn J, Suriyanon V, Celentano DD, McCutchan FE;;;; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States
Background: The emergence of drug resistant HIV-1 strains is one of the main obstacles for the success of antiretroviral therapy. Drug-resistant HIV-1 have been reported in Thailand in the patients with treatment failure, but little is known about the drug-naive HIV-1 infected populations. Here, we analyze drug-resista
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5722)
Morand-Joubert L, Lacombe K, Duguit C, Mathez D, De Truchis P, Schneider V, Guiard-Schmid JB, Charrois A, Girard PM, Meynard JL;;;; Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France
Background: In clinical practice, saquinavir (SQV) is always combined with ritonavir (RTV) to improve the plasma SQV level. Little is known about the impact of genotypic resistance on the virological efficacy of SQV/r in PI experienced patients (pts).
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5723)
Patterson P, Krolewiecki A, Ochoa C, Zala C, Cahn P;;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Background: Emergence of drug resistance is a main reason for ARV failure. In limited resources settings, knowledge about the pattern of circulating resistant viruses is important to address issues of care and treatment of failing patients. Objective: To describe the pattern of drug-associated mutations in a sample of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5724)
Morand-Joubert L, Nguyen Van JC, Lacombe K, Couland J, Gilquin J, Auperin I, Girard PM;;;; Saint-Joseph hospital, Paris, France
Background: Although resistance mutations associated with low response to TDF have been described in intensification trials, data are missing in highly ARV experienced patients (pts). Methods: Ninety-seven ARV failing pts who received a combination containing TDF between May 2001 and October 2002 were retrospectively a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5725)
Moyle GJ, Petropoulos C, Goodrich J, Mayer H, Gazzard BG, Wildfire A, Mandalia S;;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Background: Viral co-receptor usage is associated with the rate of disease progression. CCR5 antagonists may not be active in the presence of dual tropic or CXCR4 tropic viruses. Factors which predict co-receptor usage may be useful to avoid the need for screening. Methods: Samples from treatment naive and experienced
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5726)
Seekins D, Maa J, Hodder S, Colonno R;;;; BMS Virology, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
Background: Stavudine is a nucleoside analogue used in combination to treat HIV. Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) have been associated with virologic failure (VF). Methods: Antiretroviral naive HIV-infected subjects were enrolled in two double-blind, double-dummy randomized studies comparing stavudine extended-relea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5727)
Holodniy M, Singer J, Woods R, Harrigan R, Brown S, Cameron W, Kyriakides T, Angus B;;;; VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, United States
Background: The OPTIMA trial is an ongoing strategy study for patients with virologic failure and multi-drug resistant (MDR) virus. The trial is a collaboration between the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, U. K. MRC and Canadian CIHR. Methods: Patients (target N=504) with HIV RNA >2,500 copies/mL, CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5728)
Kitchen CM;;;; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Background: A major obstacle in the successful treatment of an HIV-infected individual is the emergence of drug-resistant strains that do not respond to therapy. The problem for the clinician managing the care of the individual is developing an optimal therapeutic strategy for lowering viral loads in the presence of on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5729)
Hecht FM, Liu L, Atchison R, Hare CB, Rollins A, Kahn JO, Grant RM;;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
Background: Drug resistant HIV can be transmitted but the relative transmissibility compared to wild type HIV is unknown. We sought to determine whether there is selective pressure against transmission of drug resistant HIV using a case control design. Methods: The Options Project evaluated persons who were recently ex
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5730)
Acevedo W, Afani A, Ayala M, Meyer A, Cabrera R;;;; Hospital Clinico Univ. de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen changes the natural history of HIV infected patients. Drug resistance is one of the most relevant problems of treatment failure. The prevalence of drug resistance mutations detected in antiretroviral naive patients (primary resistance) has shown differenc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5731)
Leelawiwat W, Chaowanachan T, Wichukchinda N, Tassaneeyapan T, Broyles L, Martin M, Hu D, Choopanya K, Sawanpanyalert P, Tappero JW;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Background: Two commercial genotyping assays, the ViroSeq™ Genotyping System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and the TRUGENE™ HIV-1 Genotyping Kit (Visible Genetics Inc., Toronto, Canada ), have been designed and optimized to detect antiretroviral drug resistance in persons infected with HIV-1. We
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5732)
Dabis F, Dupon M, Welti L, Balestre E, Thiebaut R, Masquelier B, Lawson-Ayayi S, Neau D;;;; Federation de Maladies Infectieuses et tropicale, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
Background: High rates of virological failure (VF) have recently been observed in clinical trials of the once-daily triple nucleoside/nucleotide regimens: abacavir (ABC), lamivudine ( 3TC ),
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5733)
Ntsala M, Pillay C, Tlale E, Lupondwana P, Matinson N, Corrigan G, Shao X, Gray G, Moodley D, McIntyre J, Puren A, Morris L;;;; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
Background: Nevirapine ( NVP ) used in single doses to prevent mother-to-child transmission is associated with the development of genotypic resistance mutations. In order to determine if these mutations confer phenotypic resistance to NVP we tested
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5734)
Parra-Ruiz J, Alvarez M, Munoz-Medina L, Chueca N, Pasquau J, Martinez M, Lopez-Ruz MA, Garcia-Garcia F, Hernandez-Quero J;;;; Infectious Disease Unit. San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
Background: early recognition of resistance to antiretroviral agents is a crucial issue to avoid the accumulation of resistance to various antiretroviral agents, however the sensivity of genotypic tests is severely reduced with plasma VL lower than 1000 copies/ml. Nonetheless management of patients with rebounds in pla
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5735)
Si XF, Huang HL, Wei M, Guan Q, Ma PF, Quan Y, Xing H, Shao YM;;;; National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
Background: The purpose of this study is to collect background information on drug-resistant HIV-1 strains in various regions before the start of nation-wide antiretroviral therapy in China . Patients and methods: 20% of the 2000 blood samples from antiretroviral therapy-naive patients collected for the 2nd national HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5736)
Fidler S, Fox J, Clarke J, Dustan S, Tamm N, McClure M, Weber J;;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
Background: Transmitted drug resistant HIV accounts for between 5 and 10% of most reported new infections in Europe and North America. The impact this has on viral evolution, response to initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent disease progression is as yet unknown. Methods: In a London cohort the incidence
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5737)
Gaolathe T, Avalos A, Baxter D, Ndwapi N, Tirelo G, Mujugira A, Maila K, Mmatli P, Wester W, Bussmann H, Doualla-Bell F, Brewu G, Kajane J, Peter T, Marlink R, Moffat H;;;; Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
Introduction: Botswana , which currently has the highest HIV prevalence in the world at 38%, is the first African country to offer free highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to all infected citizens. The national ARV program, started in January 2002, has now enrolled over 7,000 patients at its largest clinic at
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5738)
Rodes B, Poveda E, Lebel-Binay S, Faudon JL, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: Mutations in the HR1 region of gp41 (aa 36-45) have been associated to decreased susceptibility to ENF, but association between these changes and ENF clinical response is currently poorly defined. Evolution of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to ENF was analyzed in a group of heavily pretreated HIV+ pati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5739)
Burattini MN, Oliveira SM, Vilela W, Lima JN, Dantas MS, Granjeiro A, Kallas EG;;;; For the Brazilian Network for HIV Resistance Testing (RENAGENO)
Background: The availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has posed the challenge of development of resistant HIV strains and the need for identification of alternative regimen. The Brazilian Network for HIV/AIDS has decided to make genotypic resistance testing available for HIV-infected Brazilian patients, followin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5740)
Valer L, Barrios A, Gallego O, Corral A, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a potent nucleotide analog inhibitor for HIV treatment. Their signature mutation is K65R and it appears in a low rate. TDF is also active against some nucleoside-resistant strains.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5741)
Larppanichpoonphol P, Cao Y, Jin X, Dykes C, Wei F, Moore A, Reichman RC, Demeter LM;;;; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
Background: OLA has been used to detect drug-resistance among HIV isolates in the US, but has not been evaluated in international settings. In OLA, labeled primers for wild-type (wt) or mutant (mt) codons (cdn) anneal, along with a biotinylated common primer, to PCR-amplified HIV DNA. Primer ligation occurs after annea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5742)
Barroso PF, Vettore MV, Schechter M, Melo MF, Boechat LJ;;;; HUCFF-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: Sexual activity is the most important mode of HIV transmission. There is strong evidence for a correlation between blood plasma HIV viral load and transmissibility. The compartmentalization of HIV in the female genital tract may have consequences on the dynamics of sexual and perinatal transmission of HIV.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5743)
de Mendoza C, Ortiz M, Perez-Hoyos S, Garcia-Saiz A, del Amo J, del Romero J, Soriano V, Rodriguez C; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: HIV drug-resistant strains have been associated with a partial preservation of CD4 counts in patients failing antiretroviral therapy. Viruses with a lower replication capacity (RC) due to drug resistance mutations might result in a lower depletion of CD4 cells, even in drug-naive individuals. We assessed th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5744)
Cingolani A, Di Giambenedetto S, Bacarelli A, Cauda R, De Luca A;;;; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
Background: We investigated the prevalence and predictors of NNRTI-resistance mutations in patients naive for this class and predictors for disappearance of NNRTI resistance mutations in patients discontinuing NNRTI. Methods: From a dataset of patients undergoing HIV-1 resistance genotyping because of antiretroviral fa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5745)
Philpott S, Weiser B, Parker M, Lamson D, Burger H;;;; New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States
Background: Antiretroviral drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 arise through stepwise accumulation of single mutations, but recombination also provides an opportunity for rapid evolution of high-level multi-drug resistance (MDR). Although MDR strains of HIV-1 have been shown to emerge by homologous recombination in vitro,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5746)
Di Giambenedetto S, Antinori A, Cingolani A, Zaccarelli M, Forbici F, Bacarelli A, Trotta MP, Cauda R, Perno CF, De Luca A;;;; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
Background: We assessed the capability of different rules to predict virologic responses to didanosine-containing salvage regimens. Methods: We selected a dataset of patients failing HAART, and subsequent salvage therapy containing ddI with virologic outcomes up to 3 months. Genotypic sensitivity scores (GSS) were give
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5748)
Njoku M, Idoko JA, Kuchera C, Pauli G;;;; Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Background: Nigeria has one of the biggest HIV epidemics in the world with an average HIV seroprevalence of 5.8% and about 4-6 million people infected out a population of 130 million. In response to care and support needs of people infected with HIV, the Government of Nigeria in 2002 introduced a national programme of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5749)
Couto-Fernandez JC, Silva-de-Jesus C, Veloso-dos-Santos WG, Rachid M, Morgado MG;;;; Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Immunology-IOC, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: The Brazilian Ministry of Health has been successfully conducting programs for supplying antiretroviral drugs to the majority HIV-1 infected patients. To assess the emerging of viral resistance to the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) over time and to improve new strategies in patients failing to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5750)
Harrigan PR, Wynhoven B, Sattha B, Brumme C, Hogg R, Montaner JS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: HIV drug resistance testing is often used to help guide individual therapy, but remains impractical for routine use in resource-limited settings. We provide a website where populational resistance data linked to therapy can be accessed. Methods: HIV drug resistance data in these analyses is derived from the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5751)
Castor D, Vlahov D, Berkman A, Wu Y, Hammer SM;;;; Columbia University School of Public Health, NYC, United States
Background: To determine virologic outcomes of optimized regimen among highly treatment experienced patients with advanced HIV disease, in a modified-DOTS setting. Methods: Newly admitted patients with late stage HIV infection to a residential setting received drug resistance testing and then supervised ART; they were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5752)
Pillay D;;;; On behalf of the CASCADE collaboration, MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
Background: Drug resistance mutations impact on virus replicative capacity. However, the effect of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) on viral pathogenesis remains unclear. We therefore compared the CD4 profiles following seroconversion of ART-naive individuals with and without TDR. Methods: CD4 following seroconversion
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5753)
Fernandes H, Chew D, Souza AD, Fisher A, Burstin S;;;; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, United States
Background: Resistance to ART is a frequent cause of treatment failure. Different NRTIs select for and are affected by different mutations in reverse transcriptase (RT). We evaluated the impact of NRTI use, including tenofovir DF (TDF), a nucleotide analog RT inhibitor first used in our patient population in 2002, on r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5755)
Orofino GC, Bolgiani M, Carosella S, Di Garbo A, Caramello P, Fontana S;;;; Division A of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Torino, Italy
Background: Resistance to antiretrovirals, mainly to NNRTI, is a growing problem and a challenge for clinicians. A suboptimal adherence (AD) is the critical factor. Despite guidelines and raccomandations, every clinical centre would create a program to assess AD and sustain non adherent patients. We report here the res
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5756)
Soto Ramirez LE, Bertagnolio S, Sobel H, De Felici AP, Lazzari S, Sutherland D;;;; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico DF, Mexico
Issues: WHO recommends that countries planning to implement ART programs consider implementation of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) surveillance. Description: We will evaluate various sampling methodologies. From 1/-7/2004, 560 newly diagnosed, drug naive subjects will be tested for HIVDR in 11 HIV Testing sites in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5757)
Miller MD, Margot NA, McColl DJ, Cheng AK;;;; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, United States
Background: The K65R mutation in HIV RT has been selected in vitro by tenofovir and has also developed at low incidence (3%) in treatment-experienced patients (pts) with up to 96 wks of TDF add-on therapy. Methods: Study 903 was a 3 year, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study of TDF therapy in 600 treatment
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5758)
Rodriguez-Diaz RA, Fuentes-Romero LL, Viveros-Rogel M, Villasis-Keever A, Soto-Ramirez LE;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
Background: HIV Resistance to antiretroviral drugs is the main cause of failure to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Patterns of resistance (specific associated mutations) vary according to the previous use of specific drugs and so is different by country or region. In the present work we describe the frequency of resist
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5759)
Deshpande A, Pinson P, Deshmukh R, Faure M, Jauvin V, Fleury HJ;;;; Mumbai, India
Objectives: To characterize the HIV-1 isolates circulating in Mumbai area and to determine if some of these isolates bear major mutations of resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARV). Materials and methods: 142 HIV-1 infected untreated patients were recruited in 2003 in the outpatient clinic of the department of interna
Issues: Good adherence is vital for achieving and maintaining maximal viral suppression and thus avoiding preventable Opportunistic Infections (OIs). It s a key determinant of success of ARV therapy. Description: MSF focuses on offering medical care to the poorest & most destitute people. In July 2002, it launched
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5761)
Wong IY;;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
Issues: The widening availability of antiretroviral therapy but dearth of medication taking experience among rural South Africans has raised concerns about adequate adherence to these medications. Interventions to improve adherence have been limited in development & evaluation and often not culturally appropriate t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5762)
Nemes MI, Melchior R, Castanheira ER, Basso CR, Alves MT, Carvalho HB, Alencar TM, Donini AA, Inomata DL, Sunada EE, Ikejiri KS;;;; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background/ Objectives: The policy of universal access to antiretroviral treatment has been internationally considered as a relevant component of the impact of the Brazilian AIDS Program. The Brazilian 120,000 people under HAART are treated in 540 services all over the country. In this context, quality of care and adhe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5763)
Frank L, Day R, Pease J, Folby J;;;; University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
Background: This study focused on predictors of medication adherence among a series of low income PWLHAs who receive treatment support from the Pennsylvania Special Pharmaceuticals Benefits Program (SPBP) funded by the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) of the Ryan White Care Act, HIV/AIDS Bureau at HRSA. Methods: Stu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5764)
Geller J, Alfonso V, Toulson A, Heath K, Alexander C, Piper W, Montaner JS;;;; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Antiretroviral therapy represents a complex and demanding set of challenges for individuals living with HIV. In spite of newer formulations of antiretrovirals that require fewer pills and dosing times, adherence can still be very demanding in light of psychological, economic, and medical challenges. Interve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5765)
de Jong BC, Prentiss DE, McFarland W, Machekano R, Israelski DM;;;; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Introduction: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to successful treatment of HIV-infection. Two recent studies reported a negative correlation between marijuana use and adherence to ART. Some patients, however, report smoking marijuana to improve adherence to ART. We therefore sought to identify whic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5766)
Safren SA, Kumarasamy N, James R, Raminani SR, Solomon S, Mayer KH;;;; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Background: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy into developing countries requires research on adherence in these settings in order to provide optimal HIV care. Methods: This study analyzed chart-review data using counselors notes about adherence, CD4 count, and psychosocial information (HIV risk group, occupati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5767)
Campos LN, Bonolo PF, Guimaraes MD;;;; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among HIV-infected patients initiating ARV treatment in two public health referral centers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil . Methods: A total of 406 patients were enrolled in a concurrent cohort study for ARV adherence evaluation. Clinica
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5768)
Daniel OJ, Ogun SA, Odusoga OL, Falola RL, Ogundahunsi OA, Salako AA, Oladapo OT, Osho OB, Adenekan AA, Kolapo KO, Oluwole FA, Krain A, Boyle BA, Jacobs JL;;;; Centre for Special Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Background: To determine the level of adherence to ARV therapy in two subsets of HIV-infected patients in Nigeria , those on self-purchased drugs and those on free medications, and the factors associated with adherence/non adherence. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 53 patients (40 receiving free medication and 13 o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5769)
Ncama BP, McInerney P, Nicholas P, Corless I, Bhengu BR, McGibbon C, Davis S;;;; University, Durban, South Africa
Background: Social support is deemed critical to antiretroviral medication adherence. This study describes the frequency and demographic correlates of social support and the impact of social support and length of time on medication on antiretroviral adherence. Method: Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, the sa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5770)
Spire B, Bouhnik AD, Carrieri MP, Vincent E, Gallais H, Lepeu G, Gastaut JA, Moatti JP;;;; INSERMU379/ORS, 23 rue Stanislas Torrents, France
Background: Depressive symptoms are frequent among HIV-infected injecting drug users (IDUs) and affect adherence behaviours. We aimed at disentangling the impact of adherence from that of depressive symptoms on clinical progression in a cohort of HAART-treated IDUs. Methods: Only AIDS-free patients with CD4>200 at HAAR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5772)
Gavin LE, Freedman D, Demas P, New M, Simoni J, Lee S, Bunkley D, Dominguez K;;;; US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Background: Improving adherence to complex antiretroviral (ARV) regimens is one of the most critical clinical issues in managing pediatric HIV infection today; poor adherence can lead to ARV resistance and treatment failure. The Pediatric Impact Study is a family-based intervention to promote ARV medication adherence a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5773)
Knobel H, Viciana P, Cervero M, Santos J, Colmenero MA, Montejo M, Perez Cecilia E, Gorgolas M, Pineda JA, Carton JA, Rodriguez R, Roca B;;;; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Simplification of antiretroviral therapy with regimens with lower pill burden is one strategy to improve adherence and efficacy. The objective of the study was to assess the change in adherence rate and risk factors for non-adherence in patients who switched to a simpler regimen. Methods: Prospective, obser
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5774)
Corless IB, Nicholas PK, McGibbon C, Ncama B, McInerney P, Bhengu B, Davis SM, Pinto-Wong E;;;; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, United States
Background: Illness is viewed as a sign of disorder in Zulu communities. Restoring order is a primary concern in the cure of disease. This study describes the association between a measure of psychosocial order, sense of coherence (SOC), and medication adherence. Method: Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5775)
Colombrini MR, Lopes MH, Dela Coleta MF;;;; Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
Background: to measure the adherence and non-adherence to a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); to identify some of factors related to HAART non-adherence; to identify the presence of depressive symptoms and individual health control perception in this population; to establish the predictive values of the fac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5776)
Siripong A, Pancharoen C, Apateerapong W, Siangphoe U, Cheunyam T, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Previous data suggests that adherence may be better achieved in children with more advanced HIV disease. Methods: Two ARV-naive cohorts from separated studies (N=47) were included. Cohort 1 had baseline (BL) CD4 15-24% and CDC A or B, treated with AZT /
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5777)
Weiser SD, Guzman D, Riley ED, Clark R, Bangsberg DR;;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, United States
Background: While antiretroviral (ARV) regimens containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have been shown to be superior to single-protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens at suppressing viral load, it is unclear how much of the improved viral suppression is due to intrinsic drug potency versus
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5778)
Siripong A, Pancharoen C, Kosalaraksa P, Apateerapong W, Siangphoe U, Lumbiganon P, Engchanil C, Kamolirt S, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Strict adherence to ARV is a critical factor in achieving virologic response. This is a prospective study of the optimal methods of measuring adherence in the pediatric Thai population. Methods: 14 HIV-infected ARV-naive children returned to clinic at wk 4, 8, 12 and 24. At each f/u visit, adherence was det
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5779)
Siripong A, Pancharoen C, Chuamchaitrakool A, Apateerapong W, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P, Ananworanich J;;;; The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center (TRCARC), Bangkok, Thailand
Issues: Adherence to ARV is one of the most important, yet one of the biggest challenges, in treating an HIV-infected child. Lack of disclosure to HIV-infected children in most Thai children makes adherence even more difficult, and it is important to develop methods to help these children feel good about themselves and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5780)
Perez-Molina JA, Arribas JR, Iribarren JA, Knobel H, Ribera E, Rubio R, Viciana P;;;; H La Paz, Madrid, Spain
Background: Adherence is essential for successful AT but its complex treatment schedule is a barrier to adherence and hence to AT efficacy. QD-AT offers potential advantages as a consequence of lower dosing frequency and pill burden. This study began when experience with QD AT was still limited Methods: Non-interventio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5781)
Torpey K, Drah B, Enninful H, Tetteh T, Benefour S;;;; Family Health International, Accra, Ghana
Issues: Antiretroviral drugs is increasingly becoming available in resource poor settings as result of recent decline in prices. Excellent adherence is the cornerstone of successful therapy. Adherence of more than 95% is required for maximal virologic suppression. In developing as well as developed countries maintainin
Background: High adherence in the initial treatment induction phase and lack of non-adherence episodes during the subsequent maintenance phase have been shown to be independently associated with long term virological response. Self-reported side effects have been shown to influence high adherence during the induction p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5783)
Williams AB, Fennie KP, Bova CA, Knafl GJ, Dieckhaus KD;;;; Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, United States
Background: ATHENA is a RCT examining the effectiveness of a home-based nursing intervention designed to improve adherence to HAART. The intervention is a product of a merger between two diverse but compatible approaches to clinical care and education. (1) Traditional nursing practice of health teaching through home vi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5784)
Holzemer WL, Grimes RM, Portillo CJ, Bakken S, Welch J, Wantland DJ;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: It is not clear which measures of medication adherence should be used in research or clinical care. Self-report measures may be less reliable than electronic monitoring of pill use. This study explored the predictive validity of 7 measures of adherence over 6 months in a randomized clinical trial. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5785)
Kandula VR, Adair M, DenOuden P, Karpur A, Khanlou H, Farthing CF;;;; AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Los Angeles, United States
Issues: Adherence is the most important predictor of sustained viral suppression. Psychological and educational barriers render traditional adherence interventions only partially effective. We developed Success Through Anti-Retroviral Therapy (START) program- an in-house DOT intervention. Description: HIV clinicians re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5786)
Bhengu BR, Ncama B, McInerney P, Nicholas P, Corless I, McGibbon C, Davis S;;;; University, Durban, South Africa
Background: Concern that medication side-effects will diminish antiretroviral adherence promotes attention to these phenomena. This study describes the frequency and demographic correlates of side effects and the impact of side effects on antiretroviral adherence. Method: Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5787)
Orrell C, Bekker LG, Badri M, Wood R;;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Background: While increased antiretroviral adherence is associated with programmatic success, measuring adherence on a large scale is costly, and efficiency must be maximised. We collected 3 adherence measures from a cohort of late stage ARV-naive HIV patients, on an NNRTI regimen at primary care level in Cape Town, to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5788)
Kumarasamy N, Safren S, Raminani R, Pickard R, Romola J, Solomon S, Mayer KH;;;; YRGCARE/VHS, Chennai, India
Background: Assessing ART adherence and providing adherence counseling in developing countries new to ART requires formative research, as proper adherence is critical for optimal HIV care. Methods: 60 individuals (age M = 35.3; 12% married women, 7% widowed women, 2% unmarried woman, 55% married man, 25% unmarried man)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5789)
Gous H, Moultrie HJ, Meyers TM;;;; Wits Paediatric HIV working group, Johannesburg, South Africa
Issues: Adherence for the treatment of chronic disease is less than 50% in developing countries. The provision of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) to small children poses additional adherence challenges for the main care-giver, the child and the family. Children are too young to take charge over their own
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5790)
Eholie ES, Bissagnene Emmanuel BE, Ouiminga Maryam OM, Kangah-Koffi KC, Diakhite DN, Ehui EE, Adje-Toure AC, Kakou KA, Kadio KA;;;; Treichville Hospital.Unit of Infectious Disease, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Objective: To determine the adherence to HAART and to identify its determinants in the context of a public health approach in Abidjan ( Cote d Ivoire ). Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, cross sectionnal study (March-September 2002) in the 3 principals centers of precription of Antiretroviral Therapy (A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5791)
Jones AD;;;; The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
Global statistics show that the Caribbean region is second to Sub-Saharan Africa in the rate of the spread of HIV/AIDS. Within Trinidad and Tobago , a country that is now grappling with the implications of the pandemic, strategies for prevention include the free provision of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5792)
Nagaba W, Sergi C, Uwimana C, Nyirakanyana A, Demeester R, Arendt V, Kagame A, Servais J;;;; Treatment Research Aids Center RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
Background: Preventing opportunistic infections (OI) by cotrimoxazole reduces morbidity and mortality. However, adherence is crucial. This study assessed the feasibility of the use of cotrimoxazole as primary prophylaxis in a prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (pMTCT) cohort in Rwanda together with drug adh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5793)
Wyatt MA, Tugenberg T, Ware NC;;;; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Background: Illegal drug users are one of a number of disadvantaged populations lacking equitable access to state-of-the-art therapies for HIV/AIDS internationally. Assumptions about the inability of drug users to adhere to complicated medication regimens appear to be one reason for this. Methods: Data from an in-depth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5794)
Visintini R, Ubbiali A, Palermo G, Cattaneo E, Donati D, Bregani V;;;; Health Clinical Psychology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Faculty of Psychology, Milan, Italy
Background: Adherence is a multidimensional topic, including also peculiar psychological aspects, which play a crucial role in HIV anti-retroviral therapy. Aim of this study was to evaluate the possible differences in Adult Attachment Styles in adherent and non-adherent sub-samples of HIV+ patients. Methods: A sample o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5795)
Giordano TP, Gifford AL, Hartman C, Bozzette SA, Morgan RO;;;; Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
Background: Therapy has converted HIV into a chronic disease, but to benefit from therapy patients must remain in care. We sought to identify the cumulative risk and predictors for experiencing a prolonged gap in care. Methods: Using the VA s national registry of HIV-infected veterans, outpatient visits to primary care
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5796)
Visintini R, Ubbiali A, Palermo G, Donati D, Bregani V, Cattaneo E;;;; Health Clinical Psychology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Faculty of Psychology, Milan, Italy
Background: Several studies were focused on anti-retroviral therapy adherence in HIV+ patients, but only a minority of them emphasised the role of personality traits involved in this topic. Aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of temperament and character variables on adherence. Methods: A sample of 272 H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5797)
Kibangou N, Bakala N, Tran-Minh T, Astel L, Mankou M, Loubaki G, Mankessi-Lahou S, Perrier C, Gentilini M;;;; Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire(CTA) de Pointe-Noire, Pointe-Noire, Congo
Issues: Virological effectiveness of ART requieres a maximum adherence. In Congo, The CTA use a Therapeutic Advisor(TA) to improve adherence. TA is responsable for ensuring the preparation of the patient, elaborate with him the therapeutic planning whichis more adapted to his professional activities, help to reduce eve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5798)
Ndabamenye P, Ngabonziza M, Ayinkamiye A, Murray D, McLellan I, Muramutsa F;;;; Family Health International, Kigali, Rwanda
Issues: FHI s experience in preventive therapy (PT) showed that after 9 months, only 40% of 2,188 PT patients returned for monthly visits and medicine re-supply. Because of the PT experience, FHI conducted a qualitative study to better understand adherence issues and more appropriately address these issues for ART. Des
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5799)
Ceccato MG, Acurcio FA, Bonolo PF, Guimaraes MD;;;; GPEAS(1), School of Pharmacy(2), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: Low level of understanding and following a prescribed regimen contribute for poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARVT). To assess factors associated with insufficient understanding of information related to ARVT among HIV-infected patients enrolled in 2 public AIDS referral services. Methods: Cross-se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5800)
Darkoh E, Haidari A, Mothatego D, Mazonde PN;;;; Achap, Min of Health, BroadReach Healthcare, Gaborone, Botswana
Issue: Botswana s National ARV program has found it necessary to implement electronic patient tracking and monitoring as a critical element of the adherence strategy. Description: The system was designed to work in chronic staff shortage environments and had to be simple, non-time consuming and easy to deploy. It track
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5801)
Torres-Escobar I, Linares G, Martinez-Fernandez R, Ruiz-Arguelles G, Ponce de Leon S, Rangel S, Barragan M;;;; Faculty of Medicine BUAP/General Hospital of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
Background: There have been few studies characterizing adherence to antiretrovirals (ARV) among rural populations. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of adherence to ARV and to correlate the influence that adherence has in the progression of HIV infection among patients attending an AIDS clinic in the sta
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5802)
Quinones C, Boyle BA;;;; New York-Presbyterina Hospital, New York, NY, United States
Background: Adherence to HAART and overall medical care is a significant issue among HIV-infected patients. Medical care cannot be adequately delivered if patients are not adherent to their scheduled medical appointments. The objective of this study is to determine if appointment reminder calls are a cost-effective met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5803)
Squires K, Garland WH, Wohl AR, Witt M, Kovacs A, Larsen R;;;; Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, United States
Background: Strategies to support adherence for HAART have been strongly endorsed; however, the extent to which this is accomplished in the HIV clinical setting is not well-documented. Methods: Health care providers from 3 public HIV clinics in LA completed a survey biannually to evaluate adherence support for HAART fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5804)
Washington MB, Bartlett PA, Jochem DS, Early YD, Bartlett JA;;;; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) represents a significant challenge. Directly Observed Therapy can improve ART adherence in closely supervised settings such as methadone maintenance programs and correctional systems. We hypothesized that MDOT would improve adherence in geographically dispersed pers
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5805)
Quava-Jones A, Barthlomew C;;;; Medical Research foundation Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Background: Antiretroviral treatment is available free of charge to patients in Trinidad and Tobago but the issues of adherence and compliance are a great challenge for staff at treatment clinic. Currently available antiretroviral regimens require that patients maintain alm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5806)
Kerr T, Palepu A, Barnes G, Hogg RS, Montaner J, Tyndall MW, Wood E;;;; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Sub-optimal adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among injection drug users is a significant concern. As such, there is an urgent need to identify psychosocial determinants of adherence that can be incorporated into interventions designed to promote optimal adherence. The objective if t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5807)
Johnson MO, Charlebois E, Morin SF, Steward WT, Remien RH, Catz S, Rotheram-Borus MJ;;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies/ University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
Background: In general, being in a primary relationship provides emotional and logistical support that has health-promoting benefits. Using data from a diverse sample of HIV-infected people completing a baseline assessment in a multisite intervention study, we examined the extent to which primary relationship status is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5808)
Johnson MO, Charlebois E, Morin SF, Catz SL, Goldstein RB, Remien RH, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Mickalian J, Gore-Felton C, Lightfoot MA, Kittel L, Samimy-Muzaffar F, Chesney MA;;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies/ University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Background: Side effects from antiretroviral therapy (ARV) are related to medication nonadherence. We explored group differences in reports of side effects, identified individual side effects linked to nonadherence, and explored the role of coping in the relationship between side effects and adherence. Methods: Cross-s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5809)
Castro A, Farmer PE;;;; Harvard Medical School and Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Issues: The study of adherence to therapy outside of a larger social, economic, and political context has hindered the possibility of advancing the understanding of the multifaceted causes of non-adherence and has often imposed more pressure on people living with AIDS. Discussion surrounding adherence to antiretroviral
Background: Thailand is one of the Southeast Asian countries with high HIV/AIDS epidemic. At least 600,000 people have been living with HIV/AIDS in 2003. At present, antiretroviral drug (ARV) combination is a main therapy for HIV/AIDS patients. Besides therapeutic effectiveness, complications and drug resistance are hi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5811)
Finlon CJ;;;; Center for Special Studies, NY Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
Issues: Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is essential to successful treatment of HIV. Social, economic and interpersonal factors can affect adherence in a wide variety of ways. Education and support programs can address impediments, but it is best to identify these as early as possible. Descrip
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5812)
Nykyforchyn MB, Morgan G, Laufman L, Douglas G, Grant B, Noyola E, Visnegarwala F;;;; University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Texas, United States
Background: Non adherence to ART is associated with virological failure. Health care team strategies indicate an increase in adherence in the short-term. However, it is unknown if alternative strategy of delivering meds directly to pts. using outreach workers (OW) is more effective & sustainable. This novel approac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5813)
Eng RH, Mongia A, Dever LL;;;; VA New Jersey, East Orange NJ, United States
Background: Adherence to HAART is a significant problem for clinicians managing pts infected with HIV. Reducing pill burden appears to help increase adherence. Other factors such as pill size, taste, texture, food restrictions, dosing schedules, and side effects may also play a significant role in maintaining adherence
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5814)
Gates JD;;;; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
Background: Effectiveness of HAART can be lost if patients fail to adhere to treatment plans. Providers must be able to communicate with all HIV patients in order to help achieve near perfect adherence to HAART. Two educational interventions to improve provider skills were compared to a no training group (n=27). One gr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5815)
Boyle BA, Peebles B, Henne J, Sheffield S;;;; Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY, United States
Background: Poor adherence is a success-limiting factor of HAART. Adherence is most negatively impacted by dosing requirements and side effects. Clinical outcomes may be improved if patient preferences regarding these factors are considered. Methods: An attitudinal survey of 357 HIV+ patients was completed in December
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5816)
Cale D, Naik E, Taylor R, Onkst CL, Ellingstad K, Nadler J;;;; University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
Background: Although behavioral factors are known to affect adherence to HIV treatment regimens, it is unclear whether sociodemographic characteristics affect adherence. The purpose of this survey was to identify factors associated with non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to identify means
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5817)
Boyle BA;;;; Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY, United States
Background: Careful adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is critical. While studies have identified forgetting as a common reason for nonadherence, none have explored in detail what patients mean by that term. Methods: Ninety-two consecutive patients (36 women, 56 men) on chronic ARV therapy at the Center for Spec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5818)
Torres-Escobar I, Linares G, Martinez-Fernandez R, Franco C;;;; Faculty of Medicine BUAP/General Hospital of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
Background: The objective of this study was to explore factors that condition, affect, and modify adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) comparing rural poor women and men. Methods: Patients receiving ARV at the state HIV clinic were interviewed to examine self reported adherence and socioeconomic status. With three
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5819)
Simoni JM, Frick PA, Pantalone DW;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Background To meet the challenge of maintaining nearly perfect adherence to antiretroviral regimens, most individuals require assistance of some sort. Our previous review of the literature on strategies to enhance adherence (published in Topics in HIV Medicine, Nov/Dec 2003 issue) cited articles published through Janua
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5820)
Bangsberg DR, Guzman D, Riley ED, Clark R, Deeks SG;;;; Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions Center, UCSF, San Francisco, United States
Objectives: While resistance to PI based ARV therapy occurs in highly adherent-patients with incomplete viral suppression, the association between adherence and resistance to NNRTI based therapy has not been characterized. We hypothesized that low levels of adherence place patients at greater risk for NNRTIs than PI re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5821)
Apondi R, Bunnell RE, Nafuna W, Ransom R, Bikaako WK, Bechange S, Solberg P, Coutinho A, Mermin J;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
Background: As patients without prior experience taking medicine for chronic conditions gain ARV access in rural Africa, appropriate interventions are needed to address adherence challenges. Contextual factors may compromise adherence, even with free ARVs. Methods: We conducted structured baseline and 3-month follow-up
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5822)
Witek J, Rockstroh J, Donatacci L, Kinchelow T, Wat C, Bertasso A, Labriola-Tompkins E, Shikhman A, Atkins B, Bourdeau L, Cameron J, Guimaraes D, Wilkinson M, DeMasi R, Salgo M;;;; Division of HIV/AIDS Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
Background: The TORO studies compared enfuvirtide (ENF) plus an Optimized Background (OB) of ARVs to OB alone and demonstrated the antiviral activity, CD4 improvements and safety profile of ENF. As a component of these studies, adherence was assessed and its impact on viral load and CD4 counts was determined.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5823)
Acurcio FA, Alvares J, Bonolo PF, Guimaraes MD;;;; GPEAS/School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: There is no gold standard for detecting nonadherence among HIV patients. To evaluate DD as one method to measure ARV adherence and to compare with self report interview. Methods: Prospective study of HIV infected patients at two public AIDS referral centers. DD was completed daily by patients during one pre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5824)
Traore AA, Nguyen VK, Fakoya A, McCarrick P, Dhaliwal M, Tioendrebeogo I, Ilboudo A;;;; Association African Solidarite, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Introduction: Early studies of adherence to ARV therapy in Africa have demonstrated the efficacy of ARV treatment in African settings and high rates of adherence to treatment. However, these studies were largely conducted in highly structured pilot programs. As access to ARV treatment is scaled up, adherence to treatme
Background: Adherence to antiretoviral therapy has been proven to correlate with successful outcome in several studies. We conducted this study to assess the impact of pharmacist counseling on adherence rate and knowledge of HIV infected patients who are on antirtroviral therapy. Methods: A prospective study to compare
Background: Since the Thai government began to produce a fixed dose combination ( d4T / 3TC / nevirapine ) of generic antiretroviral drugs (ARV), called GPOvir , the number of HIV-1 infected pati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5827)
Ravaux I, Montana M, Darque A, Gallais H, Gensollen S, Timon-David P, Bongrand MC;;;; Hospital Conception, Marseille, France
Background: To explore factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy and major side effects of treatment Methods: Prospective study over a 4-month period, from August to November 2003, based on a self-questionnaire filled only once by patients. Following items were assessed: date of first antiretroviral tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5828)
Plipat N, Voradilokkul J, Anansakunwatt W, Phongsamart W, Lapphra K, Chearskul P, Urujchutchairut P, Chokephaibulkit K, Vanprapar N;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: There is no gold standard to quantify antiretroviral (ARV) adherence, which is crucial for treatment outcome. The study objective was to assess the prevalence of ARV adherence using differenct practical methods, i.e. self-report calendars (CAL), self-report records of missed doses (REC), pill counts (PC) an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5829)
Ferris DC, Dawood H, Chiasson MA, Diamond B, Hammer SM, Lalloo UG;;;; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
Background: As South Africa implements its Operational Plan for Comprehensive HIV and AIDS Care, an accurate method of measuring antiretroviral adherence will be crucial for optimizing outcomes. We examined whether an instrument designed to measure adherence in the developed world is applicable in a resource-limited se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5830)
Golin CE, Porter C, Earp J, Tien H, Stewart P;;;; UNC Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Chapel Hill, United States
Background: ART adherence is critical to HIV care but hard to achieve. Enhanced patient involvement can improve adherence in other illness and motivational interviewing (MI) can promote health behavior change in other settings. We tested a MI-based intervention to improve ART adherence by enhancing patient involvement.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5831)
Landman RL;;;; IMEA, Paris, France
Background: In cohort studies, adherence assessment is essential part of HAART analysis. Objective: was to evaluate simple QD regimens in patients (pts) at high risk for non adherence. Methods: Pilot study in HIV1+ outpts with at least one risk factor for non adherence: age
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5832)
Hirschhorn LR, Ruhlmann L, Lawrence PB, Katz C, Musolino J, Coakley E;;;; JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., Boston, United States
Background: Most effective adherence interventions for HAART have shown short term gains, but longer term impacts are needed. We previously reported that home nurse visits added to a multidisciplinary adherence program at the start of HAART, when changing HAART regimens, or for adherence intensification significantly i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5833)
Cabie A, Beaujolais V, Abel S, Guinvanna J, Michel F, Foltzer A, Tourette-Turgis C;;;; Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Fort-de-France, Fort-de-France, Martinique
Issue: Adherence counseling interventions have demonstrated their efficacy on patients behaviors. We have designed a counseling intervention focused on a pre-treatment procedure targeting naive patients and those with an history of non adherence. Description: 1) at first visit a trained nurse assesses the four componen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5834)
Barfod TS, Rubow C, Hecht FM, Gerstoft J;;;; National University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Background: Interview studies have found that physicians find time constraints to be their only obstacle to assessing and supporting adherence to HAART. We wished to directly observe the dynamics and difficulties of adherence communication and to explore the experiences of physicians in two different cultural settings.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5835)
Rivas P, Goyenechea A, Alonso J, Gorgolas M, Garcia R, Fernandez-Guerrero ML;;;; Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Background: Macrocytosis is a useful tool for assessing adherence to AZT-containing regimens but changes in the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) occurs several months after AZT initiation. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a coefficient of variation of the Red Blood Cells (RBC) size as determined by automated blood cel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5836)
Waters M, Weiss L, Netherland J, French PT, Finkelstein R, Agins BD;;;; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
Issues: Although HAART has resulted in dramatic decreases in morbidity and mortality, its long-term efficacy is dependent on near-perfect adherence. A range of initiatives has been developed to help people maintain high levels of adherence. Little is known regarding the acceptability and use of these services. Descript
Background: Although HAART regimens are quite effective in controlling HIV viremia and restoring immune response in AIDS patients, a variable rate of therapy failure is consequence of incomplete drug compliance. Objective: To evaluate two different strategies to improve the compliance to antiretroviral drugs through pa
Background: Many previous studies have investigated factors associated with adherence to HAART, including use of alcohol and other drugs. Nevertheless, such uses are tightly correlated, with distinct patterns for males and females. The present study assessed simultaneously the effect on adherence of various drugs uses,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5839)
Altice FL, Mezger J, Bruce RD, Springer SA, Friedland GH;;;; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Issues: HIV+ IDUs benefit greatly from DAART. DAART interventions, however, vary greatly in their organization and implementation. Description: A modified DAART intervention was developed to enhance outcomes among HIV+ IDUs. Medications were observed once-daily M-F. DAART was provided from a Community Health Care Van (
Background: Recent research in HIV-infected people was interested in profiling patients who exhibit both risky sexual behaviors (RSB) and HAART non-adherence. This study aimed to identify such high risk patients and investigate associated factors. Methods: In 2003, a face-to-face survey was conducted among a random str
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5841)
Ballve Casaux M, Reboredo G, Benyakar M, Frieder A, Weiss J, Indyk D, Gurtman A;;;; Universidad de Belgrano, Fundacion Proyecto Cambio, Hospital de Clinicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Issues: Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, psychosocial support has emerged as a cornerstone in the treatment for people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS (PWA). Acceptance of HIV illness, improvement of adherence, quality of life, among others are essential for successful HIV treatment. Different therapeutic mo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5842)
Felizarta F, Becker S, Bellos N, Jayaweera D, Sands M, Slater L, Dezii C, Maa JF, Hodder S, Tudor JL;;;; 34th Street Community Health Center, Bakersfield, CA, United States
Background: Simplified once daily regimens may result in improved adherence. We sought to evaluate the adherence level and its association with efficacy at 48 weeks of a once daily stavudine-XR, lamivudine and efavirenz regimen in treatment-naive patients. Methods: The DART II trial is a phase IIIb, 96-week, open label
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5843)
Golin CE, Thrasher A, Earp J;;;; University of North Carolina's Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Chapel Hill, United States
Purpose: MI, an effective client-centered counseling style may be useful to enhance ART adherence. However, few studies report on MI s quality or examine how quality influences effectiveness. We studied the relationship between MI quality and adherence to ART in the context of the PACT study, a randomized, controlled t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5844)
Munoz-Moreno JA, Tuldra A, Fumaz CR, Ferrer MJ, Perez-Alvarez N, Garrido N, Clotet B;;;; Lluita contra la Sida Fdn. - HIV Unit. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Multiple factors have been associated to adherence (ADH) to antiretroviral treatment in HIV infected patients (PTS). Interventions and recommendations have also been determined to improve this ADH. In this study we describe variables that have been suggested to be studied and we provide different predictive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5845)
Riley ED, Guzman D, Bangsberg DR;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Background: Lower levels of HAART use among racial minorities have been documented in a variety of cultural settings. However, few studies have considered HAART-naive populations over time and few have considered the homeless. We determined predictors of time on HAART among previously ARV-naive homeless persons. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5846)
Zorrilla CD, Santiago LE, Acevedo M, Martinez J, Estronza G, Rivera E, Hilerio C;;;; UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Background: The success of HAART depends on strict adherence. Adherence might be more difficult for women due to their social roles and multiple responsibilities. Methods: A 3-day adherence questionnaire was administered to a cohort of 211 women on HAART followed at a specialized, longitudinal women s clinic in PR from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5847)
Meel BL;;;; University of Transkei, Umtata, South Africa
Background: An earlier study showed that more than 90% of victims of sexual assault were HIV- seronegative at the time of the incident. This is despite that the community has a high prevalence of HIV. Therefore, therapy with AZT and 3TC is justified for
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5848)
Gomez FA, Romero SP, Bernal JA, Rosety M, Ruiz P, Garcia-Gil D, Escobar MA, Briceno F;;;; Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Department of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
Background: HAART-induced metabolic alterations (insulin resistance and dyslipemia), are similar to those frequently found in patients with essential arterial hypertension (AHT). Objectives: We have prospectively followed a cohort of HIV patients on HAART to assess the prevalence of AHT and its potential relationship t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5849)
Gomez FA, Romero SP, Bernal JA, Rosety M, Escobar MA, Ruiz P, Garcia-Gil D, Rivera C;;;; Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Department of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
Background: Hyperlactatemia (HL) is one of the side effects of HAART in HIV patients. Lactic acidosis (LA) is a potential lethal complication of HAART. Objectives: We have prospectively followed a cohort of HIV patients on HAART to assess the prevalence of hyperlactatemia and, its relationship to other HAART-induced me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5850)
Polo R, Guelar A, Lozano F, Morales D, Flores J, Sanz J, Pulido F, Garcia J, Geijo P, Bernaldo de Quiros J, Castro A, Vergas J, Vicetto R, Gonzalez-Munoz M; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: Metabolic disorders (MD)are common among HIV-infected patients receiving PI. Some data suggest that amprenavir (APV)is less likely to induce MD associated with the long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We prospectivily evaluated metabolic changes after switching non-APV PI to APV ART regimens.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5851)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Background: Dyslipidemia is usually attributed to protease inhibitors (PI). Methods: To assess the serum lipid profile of efavirenz (E) and nevirapine (N),a cross-sectional survey was carried out on ~1000 HIV-infe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5852)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Background: HT is a frequent untoward event of HAART,often requiring pharmacologic control. Methods: Prospective evaluation of efficacy-safety of PFA in treating HT,vs with diet-exercise,and fibrate therapy. Results: 156 patients (p),treated with 2 nucleosides + 1 PI in 103 p (LPV/r in 61),or a NNRTI in 41 p (EFZ in 38
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5853)
Wasmuth JC, Oosterhaar I, Voigt E, Braitinger D, Rockstroh JK;;;; University, Bonn, Germany
Background: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) blood levels are lower in HIV-infected patients with HAART-associated lipodystrophy than in patients without this syndrome. In this pilot study we assessed the effect of DHEA on HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-infected patients. Methods: 22 HIV-infected male pati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5854)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Background: HIV-infected patients (p) on HAART are exposed to direct-indirect (hyperlipidemia-mediated) pancreotoxicity of antiretrovirals,and multiple predisposing conditions (biliary-liver disorders,alcoholism). Methods: To assess frequency and role of pancreatic anomalies,a case-control study involved 976 p during 1
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5855)
Korzh OM, Bezdetko NV, Grintsov EF;;;; National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine
Background: A number of coagulative disorders were described in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized there may exist a correlation between the plasma levels of von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPAag) as markers of endothelial cell dysfunction a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5856)
Boccara F, Cohen A, Odi G, Teiger E, Di Angelantonio E, Barbarini G, Barbaro G;;;; Cardiology, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an emerging complication in HIV-infected patients under HAART. Prognosis of coronary revascularization (CR: coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft) remains unknown in this population. Methods: Using two case-control study design: FRISCA-1 for percutaneous coro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5857)
Koppel K, Bratt G, Karlsson A, Sandstrom E;;;; Venhalsan/Gay Men's Health Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
Background: Long-term supervised treatment interruption (LT-STI) of PI containing antiretroviral therapy (PI-ART) might reduce long-term metabolic toxicities. Methods: 27 patients in a prospective LT-STI study have been followed for more than 2 years. ART was restarted when (the) CD4 cells had decreased below 350x106/L
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5858)
Nherera LM, Taylor RS, Moyle G;;;; University of Birmingham, Birningham, United Kingdom
Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of rhGH for the treatment of HIV-associated weight loss. Methods: Placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials looking at HIV- infected persons with involuntary weight loss (10%), low body mass index (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5859)
Knobel H, Jerico C, Montero M, Guelar A, Lopez-Colomes JL, Pedro-Botet J;;;; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MS) are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease. In this respect, the ATP III - National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines emphasise the importance of the MS and provide diagnosis criteria. Insulinresistance, the main cause of MS, is freque
Background: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is becoming an emerging threat to the HIV-infected patients with improved survival after being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: We assessed BMD of the lumbar spine (L4-5) using DEXA among 299 non-haemophiliac HIV-infected patients with a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5861)
Wolf E, Koegl C, Hoffmann C, Ruemmelein N, Postel N, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H;;;; MUC Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is associated with mitochondrial toxicity of NRTI therapy. The use of stavudine ( d4T ) comprises an increased risk for PNP. A reasonable approach to reduce toxicity could be a dose reduction of d4T (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5862)
Cossarizza A, Galluzzi L, Pinti M, Prada N, Troiano L, Nasi M, Ferraresi R, Nemes E, Lugli E, Rossi D, Borghi V, Mussini C, Esposito R;;;; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
Background: Changes in mitochondrial (mt) transcription are likely to occur during mtDNA loss caused by antiretroviral therapy, and studies are needed to investigate possible alterations in mtRNA production. Materials & Methods: HUT-78 (CD4+ T lymphoblasts) and U937 (myelomonoblasts) cell lines were incubated for u
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5863)
Banas B, Kost BP, Hillebrand S, Goebel FD;;;; Medical Policlinic, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitet Munich, Munich, Germany
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) associated mitochondrial toxicity (MT) induced the growing interest for detection of MT in patients receiving HAART. Most studies use peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractions or whole blood to investigate MT via Real-Time PCR, not accounting platelets f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5864)
Behrens GM, Weber K, Leodolter A, Schmedes B, Stoll M, Schmidt RE;;;; Department for Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Background: Severe lactic acidosis induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) as a result of mitochondrial toxicity is a rare but severe adverse event during antiretroviral therapy. Asymptomatic hyperlactatemia is more frequently observed during antiretroviral therapy but its clinical manage
Background: Metabolic, cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG), alterations are common drawbacks of HAART. Protease Inhibitors play a relevant role in causing such alterations. Much less is known about the effect of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) or nucleoside analogues (NRTIs). We evaluated t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5866)
Caumes E, Roudiere L, Landman R, Boukli N, Urbinelli R, Launay O;;;; Departement of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 47-53 Bld de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
Background: Although adverse cutaneous reactions (ACR) occur in 6% to 32% of the nevirapine ( NVP ) treated patients, the clinical spectrum of these ACR and the rate of success with the treating through attitude are still debated. Methods: We followed up during the first 12 weeks of treatment all the patients enrolled
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5867)
Boyd MA, Bien D, Ruxrungtham K, Chomchey N, Ubolyam S, Krisanachinda A, Wangsuphachart S, Lerdlum S, Carr A, Lange JM, Cooper DA, Phanuphak P, Reiss P;;;; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: We have previously reported changes in lipodystrophy 48 weeks following switch to this nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sparing regimen. We here present results to week 96. Methods: Main assessments were by total body DEXA scans and CT scans of mid-abdomen and thigh at weeks 0, 48, and 96.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5868)
Gordon D, Hernandez J, Cutrell A, Zhao H, Bonny T, Castillo S, Brothers C, Scott T, Paes D;;;; GlaxoSmithKline, London, United Kingdom
Background: The treatment of HIV infection currently requires life-long therapy. Assessment of the long-term safety of antiretroviral therapy (ART) combinations is therefore vital. Methods: We assessed safety data from week 48 onwards for subjects participating in two large, double blinded studies in ART-naive, HIV-1 i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5869)
Dolan SE, Hadigan C, Killilea KM, Sullivan MP, Hemphill L, Lees R, Schoenfeld D, Grinspoon S;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
Background: HIV infected patients are reporting changes in fat distribution that may increase risk for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about cardiovascular risk indices, including newer inflammatory markers, in HIV-infected women. Methods: 100 HIV-infected women and 75 healthy female control subjects were inves
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5870)
Walmsley SL, Foster A, Cheung AM, Logue K, Clarke R, Fantas G, Assad A, Raboud J, Saskin R;;;; University Health Network, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Objective: To prospectively determine the incidence and prevalence of lipodystrophy (LD) and associated metabolic abnormalities. Methods: Measures were taken at baseline, every 3 months (mon) for 2 years (yr) then every 6 mon for 1 yr. Body habitus changes were determined by anthropometrics, and total body DEXA scan. M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5871)
Knobel H, Vallecillo G, Guelar A, Gonzalez A, Gimeno JL, Saballs P, Montero M, Aymar I, Preocupet A, Lopez-Colomes JL;;;; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Previous reports have outlined a high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients. It is uncertain whether reduced BMD is a consequence of HIV infection or the use of antiretroviral agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and the factors associated w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5872)
Baum MK, Karas L, Lai S, Zaidi W, Johnson P, Huffman F, Xue L, Phillps JC, Daniel V, Jayaweera D, Campa A;;;; Florida International University, Miami, United States
Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves the clinical course, prognosis, and survival of HIV+ patients, however, its prolonged use is associated with metabolic abnormalities collectively called Metabolic Syndrome (MET). This study investigated the prevalence of MET as a risk factor for CVD, i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5873)
Lee MP, Li PC, Lam W, Chung RW, Yu PP;;;; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Background: To investigate the tolerability and incidence of cutaneous adverse events and hepatotoxicity associated with the use of nevirapine and efavirenz . Methods: A retrospective cohort study in a referral hospital including all consecutive patients who were giv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5874)
Noor MA, Maa JF, Giordano MF, Hodder SL;;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
Background: Treatment of HIV with atazanavir (ATV) is associated with fewer metabolic complications than other PIs, however, long-term data on body composition are not yet available. Data at 48 weeks demonstrate modest increases in all fat compartments in ATV treated patients. We describe a model to explain this relati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5875)
Blick G, Greiger-Zanlungo P, Garton T;;;; Circle Medical LLC, Norwalk, United States
Background: d4T fell into disfavor following reports linking it to lipoatrophy(LA), lactic acidosis, and peripheral neuropathy (PN). BHIVA recommended against d4T for initial therapy due to risks of lipodystrophy(LD). 2003 DHHS Guidelines recommended delaying HAART until CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5876)
Prasithsirikul W, Muennooch W, Puttawong S, Chumpathat N, Bunnag P;;;; Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Background: HIV-associated lipodystrophy (LD) is a syndrome occurring in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The syndrome consists of body fat maldistribution together with metabolic abnormalities. To date, there is no effective treatment for this condition. We aimed to determine th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5877)
Honda M, Nakayama T, Setoguchi T, Takahashi N, Tanuma J, Suzuki Y, Kikuchi Y, Tachikawa N, Teruya K, Gatanaga H, Genka I, Kimura S, Oka S;;;; AIDS Clinical Center, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Background: High percentage of HIV-1 patients treated with long term HAART suffer from severe facial lipoatrophy and their quality of life are interfered. Methods: 5mg of recombinant growth hormone ( Serostim ) was subcutaneously administered every other day for 6 months. 20 of HIV-1 patients with moderate to severe fa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5878)
Glass TR, Ungsedhapand C, Battegay M, Weber R, Vernazza P, Furrer H, Bernasconi E, Cavassini M, Hirschel B, Bucher HC;;;; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
Background: HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may be at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) through increased incidence of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and fat redistribution (lipodystrophy). We estimated the prevalence of risk factors of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5879)
Torpey K, Enninful H, Tetteh T, Nyarko C, Asare R, Antwi P, Essah K;;;; Family Health International, Accra, Ghana
Background: Antiretroviral drugs are known to cause a reduction of viral load and achieve immune restoration. Antiretroviral drugs can cause side effects or toxicity requiring drug substitution or switching. The side effects or adverse drug reaction will depend on the regimen. The National ART Guideline recommends the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5880)
Miralles Alvarez C, Torres Perea R, Sanz Sanz J, Ocana I, Hervas R, Vergara A, Lorenzo A, Dalmau D, Cervantes M, Knobel H, de la Fuente Garcia B, Flores Cid J, Pasquau Liano F, Ferrer P, Moreno Guillen S;;;; Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Cies, Vigo, Spain
Background: In vitro and clinical studies demonstrate that TDF shows a good safety profile and has a low potential to develop mitochondrial toxicity. All available data so far suggest that TDF is a valid alternative to be used when substituting a NRTI due to toxicity in patients receiving HAART. Methods: Since Sep 2002
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5881)
Fichtenbaum CJ, Grandominico J;;;; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States
Background: Prior studies suggest that hypertension (HTN) may be associated with the use of protease-inhibitor (PI) based potent antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. There are few carefully controlled, prospective data on the changes in blood pressure (BP) with different ARV treatment strategies. Methods: A prospective, cas
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5882)
Zuniga JM, Smith B;;;; International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, Chicago, United States
Background: There has been increased attention focused on cardiovascular risk thought to be associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), although there is as yet no direct link between the two. A survey of US-based HIV-treating physicians was conducted to map their clinical management of said risk. Method: 155 HIV-tre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5883)
Thomas R, Machouf N, Adams D, Trottier B;;;; Clinique medicale l'Actuel, Montreal, Canada
Background: In may 2002, a psychological program with psychoanalytic approach to the dream material was implemented at the Clinique l Actuel to provide psychological support to patients experiencing Efavirenz s related adverse reactions. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of this psychological support program to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5884)
Cunetti L, Gutierrez SI, De Leon M, Gimenez V, Gutierrez G, Quian J;;;; Pediatic Clinic, Pharmacology, Pediatric National Reference AIDS Center Pereira Rossell Hospital Center University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
Background: HIV infected children given HAART show metabolic complications and lipodystrophy. The situation in Uruguay is unknown. Objective: To describe glucose and lipid metabolism and lipodystrophy in HIV infected children receiving HAART. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Clinical lipoatrophy was defined as p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5885)
Florindo AA, Latorre MR, Santos EC, Jaime PC, Segurado AA;;;; School of Public Health - University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background: To determine the relationship between habitual physical activity and body composition of adults with HIV/Aids under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: A cohort of 169 men and 51 women, assisted at the AIDS Clinic ( Casa da Aids ) of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School was studied.
Introduction: Morbi-mortality of HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource-limited countries has not been well described. Our goal is to identify causes of serious complications leading to hospitalization and death in these patients. Methods: Medical records of discharged and deceased HIV patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5887)
Viciana P, Lopez-Cortes LF, Rivas I, Mata R, Marin A, Trastoy M, de Haro J, Valera B;;;; Universitary Hospital V.Rocio, Seville, Spain
Background: Cohort studies evidence that incidence of classic risk factors and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), provided by the Framingham risk score, are higher in HIV(+) patients. Hs-CRP, a novel- independent risk factors, in addition to lipid measurement has been shown to cause significant improvement in clini
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5888)
Bucher HC, Young JR, Vernazza PL, Rickenbach M, Furrer H, Bernasconi E, Weber R, Cavassini M, Hirschel B, Battegay M;;;; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Background: There is evidence that stavudine use is associated with lipodystrophy, and some evidence that switching the PI component of therapy to an NNRTI may improve body fat and metabolic abnormalities. Methods: A new questionnaire assessing cardiovascular risk factors was introduced into the SHCS on April 1 2000.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5889)
Bongiovanni M, Bini T, Cicconi P, Landonio S, Schiavini M, Testa L, Di Biagio A, Chiesa E, Melzi S, Tordato F, Adorni F, d'Arminio Monforte A;;;; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Background: Dyslipidemia is a frequent adverse event (AE) in HIV-patients (pts) receiving LPV/r Methods: Observational study on pretreated HIV-pts starting LPV/r. Triglycerides (trig), total cholesterol (chol), HIV-RNA, CD4+, and AIDS-events were recorded every 3 months. End-points were hypertriglyceridemia (hypertrig)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5890)
Janneh O, Spiller DG, White MR, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M;;;; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Background: Protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) accumulate in adipocytes. PIs but not NRTIs impede adipogenesis and alter adipocytokine secretion in murine 3T3-F442A cells. To further unravel the effects of these drugs (singly or in combination), we studied their cell-assoc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5891)
Santos J, Palacios R, Castells E, Ruiz J, Gonzalez M, Marquez M;;;; Hospital, Malaga, Spain
Background: although HAART has been related to high blood pressure (HBP), results of studies are controversial. We analyse the evolution of blood pressure in HIV-infected patients starting HAART and the factors related to hypertension. Methods: HIV-patients starting HAART in 04/00-12/03 and staying with the same regime
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5892)
Smith N, Nelson M, Gazzard BG, Moyle G;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a recognised complication of HAART and may lead to an increase in CHD. The use of statin therapy has been employed in an attempt to decrease the risk of CHD. Methods: We assessed the risk of CHD in HIV patients on HAART before and after the introduction of either atorvastatin or prav
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5893)
Jones R, Stebbing J, Nelson M, Moyle G, Bower M, Mandalia S, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the first nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Despite recent case reports, there are no data on the overall incidence and risk of renal dysfunction in in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5894)
Behrens GM, Stankov M, Schmidt RE;;;; Department for Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Background: HAART has been associated with overt hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hepatic insulin resistance. The whole body lipid regulation is mainly controlled at the level of hepatocytes and adipocytes by nuclear transcription factors which modulate the expression of lipogenic genes. Sterol regulatory element
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5895)
Schmidt RE, Moebius U, Lubach-Ruitman M, Castro-Frenzel B, Stoll M, Esser S, Rockstroh J, Christensen S, Rump A, Behrens G;;;; Department for Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Background: Metabolic disorders, especially cholesterin and triglyceride increase are serious side effects of many ART regimens. Here is the first open field study to describe the efficacy and change in lipid profile of ATV containing regimens in patients with severe hyperlipidemia. ATV is a potent and safe once-daily
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5896)
Miro O, Negredo E, Lopez S, Ruiz L, Garrabou G, Sanjurjo E, Casademont J, Cardellach F, Clotet B;;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleoside analogue that has been reported to be free of adverse effects on mitochondria. We evaluate the effects of the introduction of TDF on a HAART schedule containing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5897)
Moya J, Aranzabal L, Casado JL, Diz S, Marin A, Moreno A, Antela A, Quereda C, Dronda F, Moreno S;;;; Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Background: NNRTIs have been associated to a higher risk of hepatotoxicity in HCV/HIV coinfected patients, although data are controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of liver histologic stage in NNRTI-associated liver toxicity. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 107 HIV/HCV co-infected patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5898)
Miro O, Lopez S, Rodriguez M, Martinez E, Pedrol E, Garrabou G, Casademont J, Vilarroya F, Cardellach F, Gatell JM;;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Use of nucleoside analogues is uniformly associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, but diverse studies have reported functional indemnity of mitochondria. We have tested if homeostatic mechanisms are able to compensate such mtDNA depletion in patients receiving
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5899)
Glass TR, Ungsedhapand C, Battegay M, Weber R, Vernazza P, Furrer H, Bernasconi E, Cavassini M, Hirschel B, Bucher HC;;;; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
Background: Recent studies have shown that individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). We explored the effect of HAART on the prevalence of risk factors of CHD in HIV-infected individuals in Switzerland . Methods: HIV-infected individuals
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5900)
Garcia-Benayas T, Blanco F, Alcolea A, De la Cruz J, Soriano V, Gonzalez-Lahoz J;;;; Service of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: D4T has been associated with lipoatrophy, hyperlactatemia, hypercholesterolemia (HC) and hypertriglyceridemia (HT). Switching d4T to another nucleoside analog (NA) reduces lactate levels, ameliorates lipoatrophy and might improve lipid levels. This prospective randomized case control study analyses evolutio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5901)
Wyen C, Schmeisser N, Schmitz K, Woehrmann A, Hoffmann C, Fatkenheuer G;;;; University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Background: Anaemia has been identified as a risk factor for higher mortality and increased disease progression in HIV-infected pts. However the impact of HAART on a pre-existing anemia in treatment-naive pts has not been investigated in detail. Methods: Prospective study of HIV-infected treatment-naive pts seen betwee
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5902)
Wohl DA, Cunningham C, Donovan K, Han K, MacIntosh B, Busby M, Simpson RJ Jr;;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is common in persons with HIV infection. However, to what extent HIV+ individuals with elevated triglycerides (TG) are at risk for CVD is unclear. We characterized the CVD risk of ART treated HIV+ pts with hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: Cross-sectional study of HIV+ adults on stable NNR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5903)
Buffet M, Schwarzinger M, Amellal B, Bui P, Prevot M, Deleuze J, Morini JP, Gorin I, Calvez V, Dupin N;;;; Pavillon Tarnier - Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
Background: NRTI-induced host toxicity is proposed to involve cellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion. Determinants of cellular mtDNA copy number from HIV-infected patients receiving HAART and HIV-seronegative controls were investigated from subcutaneous fat samples, and relation with antiretroviral regimen was st
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5904)
Kingsley LA, Pewen WF, Calhoun BC, Riddler SA, Rinaldo CR, Mellors J, Palella F;;;; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
Background: Antiretroviral treatment has been linked to both lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HIV LS). However, neither the temporal association of HIV-LS development nor risk factors have been clearly identified. We therefore undertook a longitudinal study to better understand
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5905)
Jankowska M, Lemanska M, Trocha H;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
Background: Fat distribution abnormalities have been reported in patients treated with various antyretroviral regimens. The relative contribution of the drug classes/NRTI, NNRTI, PI/ is unclear as they are usually administered concominantly. Methods: Cohort of patients treated with diffetent regimens of HAART for perio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5906)
Thal G, Maa J, McManus M, Bessen L, Abrams L, Cooney E, Hodder S;;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
Background: The use of protease inhibitors (PIs) is frequently associated with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Atazanavir (ATV) has minimal effects on lipids in ARV-naive and -experienced patients. We report the effects on serum lipids following a change to ATV therapy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5907)
Jibrin YB, Isaac WE, Shehu AS, Ali AA;;;; Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
Background: To determine tolerability and adverse events associated with Nevirapine containing Anti Retroviral drugs (ARV) in a cohort of People living with AIDS (PLWAs), in Gombe, northeast Nigeria . Method: Interview and physical Examination of 101 plwas in consecutive clinic visits
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5908)
Corless IB, Nicholas PK, Voss JG, Bunch EH, Bain CA, Coleman C, Dole PJ, Sanzaro Eller L, Hamilton MJ, Holzemer WL, Kemppainen JK, Kirksey KM, Nokes KM, Tsai YF, Reynolds NR, Wantland DJ, McGibbon C, Davis SM, Sefic EF;;;; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, United States
Background: People living with HIV/AIDS are challenged to manage symptoms related to the disease, treatments, and co-morbidities. Utilizing the Self-care Symptom Management Tool, the prevalence, characteristics, and self-care activities were assessed for those with fatigue. Methods: Data were collected at 16 sites in t
Background: Since 1995, morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced HIV infection have declined significantly, largely because of the extended use of potent antiretroviral treatment (HAART). The achievement of longer life spans has transformed HIV from a progressive infection that leads to death to an incurable b
Background: Lopinavir is a new HIV protease inhibitor that is co-formulated with ritonavir . LPV/r is well tolerated as indicated by the low rate of study discontinuations due to LPV/r adverse events observed in different clinical trials. Objectives: To study the safety and tolerability of Kaletraa in the clinical prac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5911)
Corless IB, Nicholas PK, Voss JG, Bunch EH, Bain CA, Coleman C, Dole PJ, Sanzaro Eller L, Hamilton MJ, Holzemer WL, Kemppainen JK, Kirksey KM, Sefcik EF, Nokes KM, Tsai YF, Reynolds NR, Wantland DJ, McGibbon C, Davis SM;;;; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Bethesda, United States
Background: People living with HIV/AIDS are challenged to manage symptoms related to their disease, treatments, and co-morbidities. As people with HIV/AIDS increase in age and complexity of disease management, they develop co-morbidities similar to their age cohort. The impact of co-morbidities on the symptom experienc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5912)
Walmsley SL, Raboud J, Tan D;;;; University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Background: Mitochondrial toxicity attributable to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) may cause a spectrum of illness ranging from asymptomatic or symptomatic elevated lactates (>2.0 mmol/L) to fatal lactic acidosis. It is uncertain to what extent clinical symptoms indicate a hyperlactatemic state, and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5913)
Jones R, Sawleshwarkar S, Michailidis C, Stebbing J, Moyle GJ, Nelson M, Bower M, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Background: Metabolic abnormalities in persons with HIV infected patients on HAART are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: Longitudinal data from a large prospectively collected clinical database. All patients who commenced first ART (2NA + 1NNRTI or 1 active PI since 1996 were identified. P
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5914)
Campa A, Sales S, Phillips JC, Yang Z, Daniel V, Xue L, Cintron L, Lai S, Rodriquez P, Page JB, Baum MK;;;; Florida International University, Miami, United States
Background: Use of protease inhibitors (PI) for the management of HIV has been associated with hyperglycemia in infected individuals. This study investigated the association of hyperglycemia with use of PI and family history (FH) in HIV+ drug users. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, blood was drawn from 70 par
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5915)
Cote HC, Brumme ZL, Chan JW, Guillemi S, de Ronde A, de Baar MP, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS, Harrigan PR;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Background: An HIV/HCV co-infected 47 year-old obese female died of liver failure following nucleoside-induced lactic acidosis (LA), after a short time on antiretroviral therapy with stavudine , didanosine , and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5916)
Mondou E, Quinn JB, Shaw A, Hinkle J, Adda N, Rousseau F;;;; Gilead Sciences Inc., Durham, NC, United States
Background: Skin discoloration (SD) is reported in the label of several approved antiretrovirals and was first noted with zidovudine. It also occurs with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antimalarials, tetracyclines, and psychotropics. The characteristics of SD were reviewed in 4 prospective, randomized, double-b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5917)
Staszewski S, Gallant JE, Pozniak AL, Yale K, Lu B, Enejosa J, Cheng AK;;;; University Hospital, J.W. Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt, Germany
Background: Sporadic cases of renal dysfunction attributed to TDF have been reported. An assessment of the long-term renal safety of TDF in study 903 was performed. Methods: Study 903 was a Phase III, 144-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial in ARV-naive patients with HIV-1 RNA >5,000 co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5918)
Gonzalez-Garcia A, Fernandez MI, Cotter A;;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
Background: Recent studies have questioned use of nevirapine in combination therapy for management of HIV during pregnancy. Factors associated with hepatic and dermatologic toxicities are being Black and having CD4 counts above 250 cells/mL. We examined factors associated with nevirapine ind
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5919)
Colombero D, Agostini M, Lupo S;;;; Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
Background: Immune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an inflammatory syndrome causing visual disturbance in patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and long term complications of IRU in AIDS patients with inactive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5920)
Lichtenstein KA, Armon C, Baron A, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD, Wood KC;;;; University of Colorado, Denver, United States
Background: To identify factors associated with clinical diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy (PN) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal, cohort analysis of HIV-1 infected patients in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) from 1992 through June 2003 who were evaluated
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5921)
Morris AB, Juethner SN, Hellinger J, Cohen CJ;;;; Community Research Initiative of New England, Springfield and Boston, MA, United States
Background: Hispanic patients represent an increasing percentage of those infected with HIV in the US. The leading cause of death of Hispanics in the US in 1999 was cardiovascular diseases. Hispanics have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risks such as dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes. Few data exist regarding the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5922)
Young B, Armon C, Baker R, Weidle P, Moorman A, Wood K;;;; Rose Medical Center, Denver, United States
Objectives: Evaluate the safety and tolerability of ddI/TDF in ARV for HIV-infected adults in the HOPS cohort. Methods: Subjects identified using an electronic database of patients at 9 US clinics who received >14 days of ddI/TDF prior to Oct 2003. Adverse events that were examined in this analysis were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5923)
Saghayam S, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S, Anitha Cecelia J, Flanigan T, Mayer K, Wanke C;;;; YRGCARE, Chennai, India
Background: Though HAART has reduced mortality in HIV, there are concerns about its long-term complications. There are no data on metabolic changes in HIV patients initiating generic HAART in India , where glucose intolerance and cardiovascular disease are common in the population. Methods: Prospective study at YRG CAR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5924)
Haslinger BA, Arendt G;;;; Deptartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
Background: It is well known, that the nucleoside analogue inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase (NRTI) d4T is effective in treating HIV-1-associated brain disease, but - while curing central nervous system (CNS) deficits - it has side effects affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS), i.e.,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5925)
Pulido F, Arribas JR, Lorenzo A, Blanco A, Delgado R, Arranz A, Miralles P, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Cepeda C, Hervas R, Pena JM;;;; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Background: Use of protease inhibitors has been associated with plasma lipids changes. Recently, some nucleoside analogs (NRTIs) has been also implicated in hyperlipidemia. We evaluated changes in plasma lipids in patients enroled in a clinical trial of simplification to Lopinavir/r single-drug (L/r-sd) HAART versus co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5926)
Negredo E, Martinez JC, Fumaz CR, Martinez E, Higueras C, Adell X, Munoz-Moreno JA, Gonzalez-Mestre V, Clotet B;;;; Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation. Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Background: Facial lipoatrophy may be associated with psychological and social disorders, as well as poor treatment compliance or rejection of antiretroviral medication. Methods: This is a pilot prospective comparative study in which HIV-infected patients with moderate-severe antiretroviral-associated facial lipoatroph
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5927)
Ng GW, Lung PW, Lee MP, Chung WY, Fok A, Kwa LL, Yu P, Li PC;;;; Dietetic/Special Medical Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Background: Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy, commonly known as HAART has been known to treat HIV positive patients to improve immune function, slow disease progression, lower the chance of secondary infections and improve quality of life. However, patients on these drugs have been observed to develop undesirable
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5928)
Blanco JL, Biglia A, Martinez M, Martinez E, Mallolas J, Milinkovik A, Laguno M, Leon A, Larrousse M, Castro P, Garcia F, Miro JM, Gatell JM;;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Background: Body fat changes consisting of peripheral fat loss and central fat accumulation (mainly abdomen, breast, and dorsocervical) have been described in HIV-infected patients. The impact of body fat changes on other fat-containing anatomical sites such as mediastinum is unknown. Methods: Case-control study includ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5929)
Moh R, Danel C, Sorho S, Toure S, Minga A, Ba Gomis O, Kanga C, Gabillard D, Inwoley A, Bissagnene E, Salamon R, Anglaret X;;;; Programme PACCI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Background: Neutropenia is the most frequent side-effect of cotrimoxazole in sub-Saharan Africa. AZT is a well-known cause of drug-induced haematotoxicity. The incidence of neutropenia in African adults receiving cotrimoxazole in combination with AZT has never been estimated. We report here the incidence of neutropenia
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5930)
Fumaz CR, Munoz-Moreno JA, Ferrer MJ, Negredo E, Martinez JC, Martinez E, Adell X, Higueras C, Gonzalez Mestre VP, Clotet B;;;; Lluita contra la Sida Foundation-HIV Unit. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Background: Facial lipoatrophy leads to an important psychological impact on HIV-infected patients. Methods: This is a pilot, open, prospective study in which HIV patients with facial lipoatrophy were distributed to receive infiltrations of autologous fat, polilactic acid and polyacrilamide gel. At baseline (BL) and af
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5931)
Visnegarwala F, Mullin C, Giordano TP, Martinez E, Stratton S, Shelburne S III, Gibert C, Carr A, El-Sadr W;;;; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
Background: Increased prevalence of lipodystrophy among Caucasians as compared to racial minorities has been reported. However, perceived changes in body habitus may be influenced by cultural/social norms, thus adjustment using objective measures is required. Methods: At the baseline assessment for the SMART study, we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5932)
Werner B, Burke M, Barak M, Derowe A, Ben Sira L, Yust I;;;; Crusaid Kobler Center, Clinical Immunology Unit, Tel Aviv, Israel
Background: Various neonatal birth defects have been reported in uninfected infants exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in utero. Apart from prematurity, an increased incidence of congenital birth anomalies has not been reported in these children. We present an unusual case of a newborn exposed in utero to ARV who
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5933)
Koegl C, Wolf E, Ruemmelein N, Morbach K, Buchberger A, Wandel J, Jaeger H;;;; MUC Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
Background: Treatment with Nevirapine ( NVP )-containing regimen is associated with hepatotoxicity. Methods: Retrospective follow-up study of an outpatient clinic HIV cohort (N=448) being started on NVP between 1996 and 2003.
Objective: Increasing incidence of osteopenia has been observed in HIV+ pts. We analysed the osteoclast-specific enzyme, TRAP, in HIV+ pts with or without HAART. Methods: Plasma of 171 HIV+ pts [128 male (m), 43 female (f), mean age: 41.5+/-9.5 years, mean time of infection: 6.5+/-4.5 years] was collected from Dec 02-M
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5935)
Fumaz CR, Munoz-Moreno JA, Ferrer MJ, Sirera G, Molto J, Perez N, Burger DM, Clotet B;;;; Lluita contra la Sida-HIV Unit. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
Background: Efavirenz (EFV) has been associated with Central Nervous System disorders (CNSD) that commonly disappear after a few weeks (wk). However, little is known about their long-term impact. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 120 HIV-infected patients (pt) (age: 40.3+/-7.9; male: 72.5%; HIV risk behaviour: homosexu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5936)
Galli M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Ridolfo AL, Vullo V, Montroni M, Cappelletti A, Morelli P, d'Arminio Monforte A, Gervasoni C, Moroni M;;;; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Background: Lipoatrophy (LA) or lipohypertrophy (LH) or both, often associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HT), are common in patients on ART. Objective: To characterize patients having LA+LH+HT after a relatively short time of ART. Methods: We designed a case-control study to study the predictors of LA+LH+HT. Patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5937)
Jaegel-Guedes E, Wolf E, Ruemmelein N, Postel N, Koegl C, Buchberger A, Wandel J, Weisser S, Jaeger H;;;; Private Practice Dr. Jaegel-Guedes/Dr. Jaeger, Munich, Germany
Background: To date, clinical studies with tenofovir (TDF), a renally eliminated nucleotide analogue, have not observed severe nephrotoxicity so far. However, single case reports of renal toxicity outside of clinical trials have raised concerns about the respective risk. Methods: Retrospective follow-up study of an out
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5938)
Gervasoni C, Vaccarezza M, Fedeli P, Morelli P, Ridolfo AL, Rovati L, Galli M;;;; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, L.Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
Background: Lipodystrophy is a socially disabling problem and a serious challenge for the management of HIV patients. None of the suggested treatment strategies seems to induce worthwhile regression Corrective surgery has been proposed as a means of removing the most prominent and least acceptable fat mass accumulation
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5939)
Raghavan S, Law M, El-Sadr W, Carr A;;;; Columbia University/ Harlem Hospital Center, New York, United States
Background: There are no studies comparing adipose tissue distribution measured by objective methods among various ethnic groups in association with HIV associated Lipodystrophy. Methods: 417 subjects with at least one moderate or severe subjective LD feature apparent to both physician and patient (cases) and 371 subje
Background: Because antiretroviral therapy can cause dyslipidemia and may increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, we assessed the 6-month impact of the introduction of the protease inhibitor nelfinavir on the CV risk of a cohort of HIV-infected adults. Methods: Prospective cohort study of consecutive, clinica
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5941)
Mauss S, Berger F, Carls H, Schmutz G;;;; Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
Background: Tenofovir (TDF) has not shown nephrotoxic effects in clinical trials (Cheng 9th EACS 2003). However anecdotal data reported renal failure in patients (pts) on TDF. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to in HIV pts treated with or wit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5942)
Feldt T, Oette M, Goebels K, Kroidl A, Leidel R, Haeussinger D;;;; Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
Background: HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrom (LDS) as a long term side effect of HAART is becoming increasingly important. Currently, an effective therapy is not available. The objective of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of rosiglitazone in the treatment of LDS and to compare different methods of LD
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5943)
Nasta P, Bono L, Biasi L, Prestini K, Torti C, Lapadula G, Tirelli V;;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Background: HIV patients (pts) exposed to HAART may have a higher risk of premature ALs. It has not yet been assessed whether duration of HIV infection may also have an impact. Methods: We identified pts with miocardial infarction (MI) and matched for major cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) at 1:2 ratio with controls
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5944)
Sathasivam K, Griffith SK, Bartlett JA, Liao Q, Johnson J, Shaefer MS;;;; Whitman-Walker Investigations Clinic, Washington, United States
Background: Alterations in lipids and body fat are commonly seen with HAART. The relationship of non-PI and PI-based regimens with these parameters remains unclear. Objectives: To explore the lipodystrophy effects of three approaches to initial HIV therapy (ABC+ 3TC in combination with an NNRTI (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5945)
Leon A, Martinez E, Sarasa M, Mallolas J, Biglia A, Laguno M, Blanco JL, Milinkovic A, Larrousse M, Lonca M, Lopez Y, Gatell JM;;;; CLINIC Hospital, BARCELONA, Spain
Background: Protease inhibitor therapy may be associated with body fat and lipid changes. We hypothesized that lopinavir plasma levels at 2 weeks (steady-state) could predict the degree of change in body fat and plasma lipids at 6 months. Methods: Consecutive HIV-infected adults for whom antiretroviral therapy containi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5947)
Quirk EK, Rodriguez B, Sweeney K, Dorazio D, Berra S, Arens MQ, Culverhouse R, Shannon W, Powderly WG, McLeod HL;;;; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Background: The clinical use of zidovudine (ZDV) is limited by anemia. Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in the metabolism of ZDV may constitute risk factors for this complication of zidovudine therapy. ZDV-monophosphate is associated with bone marrow suppression and anemia. Deoxythymidylate kinase (DTYMK) cata
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5948)
Jones SP, Qazi N, Walker UA, Moyle G, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M;;;; University Of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Background: Lipoatrophy (LA) in HIV patients has been attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA by the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), while protease inhibitors (PIs) are thought to be responsible for fat accumulation and the metabolic changes. PIs, but not NRTIs, have also been shown to mo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5949)
Keiser O, Rickenbach M, Telenti A, Hirsch H, Bachmann S, Bernasconi E, De Lucia S, Opravil M, Furrer H;;;; Swiss HIV Cohort Study Data Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Background: Within the framework of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study we performed in 2003, for the second time after 1999, a cross-sectional evaluation of potential side effects of antiretroviral treatment, including clinical and laboratory findings. These evaluations provide insight into time trends in the burden of adverse
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5950)
Gutierrez F, Padilla S, Gallego JA, Masia M, Ramos JM, Escolano C, Ardoy F, Peral Y, Pascual J, Montolio F, Martin-Hidalgo A;;;; Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario, Elche, Spain
Background: Peripheral lipoatrophy is a devasting feature of lipodistrophy symdrome in HIV-infected patients. Reliable techniques are needed in order to assess peripheral fat loss in this population. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 61 HIV-infected patients. Subcutaneous fat area in right leg (LSA) and arm (ASA) an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5951)
Avihingsanon A, Siangphoe U, Boyd M, Chomchey N, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P;;;; HIV-NAT Thai Red Cross Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Indinavir (IDV) is a potent and more affordable PI in resource limited settings. Increasing IDV-associated toxicities, which are dose-related and reversible, have been noted. Methods: Prospective studies of IDV/r 800/100 mg BID plus Efa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5952)
Siangphoe U, Srikaew S, Waiwaravuth C, Chariyasetphong T, Kamsaw O, Klinbua V, Lertvilairattanaphong Y, Manovachirasan P, Phuphittayasataporn S, Ratchanuvong A, Tangsawas S, Tansuphasawasdikul S, U-vudthiphong M, Wongsaroj P, Bupphaherun W, Teeratrakulpisarn S, Samor T, Ubolyam S, Chantharamongkol J, Ungsedhapand C, Ruxrungtham K;;;; HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Dual NRTIs has been widely used in Thailand . D4T, although associated mitochondrial toxicity, remains a key NRTI being used in Thailand. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of half dose d4T . Methods: Multicenter, randomized open label study.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5953)
Mauss S, Schmutz G, Berger F, Carls H, Richter WO;;;; Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
Background: Dyslipidemia is a frequently observed phenomenon in HIV-patients with or without antiretroviral therapy. Recent data indicate different lipidprofiles associated with antiretroviral drugs. However in depth analysis of lipid profiles were not performed in pivotal studies for most of the presently used antiret
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5954)
Zucman D;;;; hopital foch, Suresnes, France
Background: Nucleoside Analogs (NA) inhibit the mitochondrial polymerase inducing a wide range of adverse events. We report 4 clinical cases suggesting the toxicity of NA specially DDI on blood lymphocytes. Description: Four patients (2 males and 2 females), mean age 38 years old, were treated with antiretroviral tripl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5955)
Hansen AE, Lindegaard B, Andersen O, Nielsen H, Gerstoft J;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Background: Duration of conventional HAART is a risk factor for body fat redistribution. We aimed to quantify the severity of fat redistribution and dyslipidemia after long term HAART compared with the background population. Methods: In a cross-sectional design 77 HIV-positive men (HIV+) on HAART for at least 6 years a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5956)
Boyd MA, Siangphoe U, Ruxrungtham K, Reiss P, Stek M, Mahanontharit A, Lange JM, Cooper DA, Phanuphak P, Burger DM;;;; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Indinavir (IDV) is associated with nephrotoxicity. We investigated the use of pharmacokinetically (PK) guided IDV dose reductions in patients with chronic IDV related renal impairment. Methods: Patients were drawn from HIV-NAT studies in which IDV formed part of their regimen. Renal impairment was defined a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5957)
Iloeje U, Wu Y, Cislo P, Kelleher T, Odeshoo L, Giordano M;;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, United States
Background: MetSyn has been suggested as an independent CVD risk factor. Recent data suggest increased CVD risk among HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors . Previous atazanavir (ATV) data indicate less deleterious effect on lipid levels, compared to other protease inhib
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5958)
Faetkenheuer G, Walworth C, Frechette G, Garris C, White S, Stark T;;;; University Clinic, Cologne, Germany
Background: Diarrhea is a common side effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). While seldom treatment limiting, drug-related diarrhea may affect quality of life of subjects receiving HAART. The new protease inhibitor GW433908 (908) has recently been approved in the US (Lexiva™) and may demonstrate a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5959)
Easterbrook PJ, Murad S, Hodgson C, Pribram V, Hodgson L, Taylor C, Macallan D;;;; King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Background: to determine the incidence of lipodystrophy and hyperlipidaemia in an ethnically diverse population of ARV-naive patients who received a non-PI based regimen. Methods: Patients were treatment-naive HIV +ve attending King s College and St George s Hospitals and starting HAART. Data were collected on demograp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5960)
Biglino A, Degioanni M, Mastinu A, Valle M, Brusa MT, Martini C, Sconfienza R, Gobber M, Rossi P, Mascolo M;;;; Ospedale Civile di Asti, Asti, Italy
Background: Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance during ARV treatment seem to depend on increased release of proinflammatory cytokines endowed with anti-insulin activity. We assessed intracellular TNF-a and IFN-g, insulin resistance, metabolic parameters, and anthropometric indexes, in a cohort of ARV-naive HIV p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5961)
Selau LD, Preussler GI, Nunes CC;;;; Servico de Assistencia Especializada em DST/AIDS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
When considering the Brazilian context, which involves the rise of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and a universal availability policy of anti-retroviral therapies (ARV), we could observe a growing number of people living with these HIV drugs. Thus, studies describing the interaction between ARV and patients are essential for a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5962)
Goyenechea A, Rivas P, Alonso J, Gorgolas M, Blanco A, Fernandez-Guerrero ML;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases/Fundacion Jimenez Diaz/Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Background: Lactic acidaemia has been extensively reported in relationship to antiretroviral drugs. However, other types of acidaemia are rather unfrequent. We describe the case of an HIV infected patient who developed severe renal tubular acidosis soon after the begining of 3TC +
Background: NRTI are involved in lipodystrophy, mitochondrial toxicity is a concerned mechanism; a less exposure therapeutic strategy would be helpful in change for the better. Methods: Lipodystrophic patients who never received PI, only an optimal NRTI association were included. AZT
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5964)
Anastos K, Shi Q, Justman J, Cai X, Danoff A, Mulligan K, Wichienkuer P, Hessol N, Robison E, Williams T;;;; Montefiore Medical Center and Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, New York, United States
Background: Lipoprotein concentrations differ in women and men. Lipoprotein patterns associated with HIV infection and HAART in women have not been well described. Methods: In 89 HIV negative and 183 HIV positive women (90 not on HAART, and 93 on HAART) enrolled in the Women s Interagency HIV Study, we measured total c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5965)
Tebas P, Henry K, Weng Cherng DX, Katzenstein D, Schmitz JL, Valdez H, Jahed N, Vargas M, Myers L, Powderly WG;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Background: ACTG 5102 evaluated the utility of IL-2 and pulses of ART based on CD4 cell counts as a strategy to reduce the costs and toxicity of continuous ARV. The metabolic effects of IL-2 treatment and prolonged treatment interruption (TI) are unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effects on lipid and glucose metaboli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5966)
Cassetti I, Vanzulli C, Perez C, Krolewiecki A, Vesperoni F, Perez H, Cahn P, Bologna R;;;; Helios Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Background: Dyslipidemia (15-30%) and hyperglycemia (1-11%) have been described in patients (pts) on HAART, especially associated with protease inhibitor-therapy. As direct drug toxicity, these abnormalities should improve after antiretroviral discontinuation. Consequently, strategic treatment interruption appear as an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5967)
Rivas P, Akasbi M, Gorgolas M, Diaz-Curiel M, Goyenechea A, Garcia R, Fernandez-Guerrero ML;;;; Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a risk factor for osteopenia but HIV infection itself may play a role in the development of bone mineral loss. We tried to determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in AIDS patients before begining HAART and its relationship with clinical, virolo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5968)
Pedrol E, Guil J, Rodriguez M, Guelar A, Domingo P, Ribell M, Deig E, Soler A;;;; HIV Unit. Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Spain
Background: Insulin Resistance, Dyslipaemia and Lipodystrophy are known adverse effects due to ART. Dyslipaemia treatment is based basically on diet and hipolipemiant drugs. Statins are useful in hipercholesterolemia. One of them, atorvastatin, has been effective in non-HIV population. Nowadays it also seems to be effe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5969)
Tsoukas CM, Falutz JM, Cox JJ, Szabo JT, Hatzakis GM;;;; McGill University Health Centre/Montreal General Hospital/McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Background: Muscle fatigue can be a symptom of HIV disease or a consequence of nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor associated myopathy. Creatine Kinase (CK) is a marker of muscle injury or necrosis. Little is known on how CKs correlate clinically with HIV disease activity or with antiretroviral therapy. We determined chan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeB5970)
Chin-Beckford N, Kaul S, Jayaweera DT;;;; University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
Background: Tenofovir is the most frequently prescribed nucleoside/nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV. Recently there have been reports of nephrotoxicity associated with the use of tenofovir.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5971)
Tiwari Rajiv RT, Aggarwal Aruna AA;;;; Deptt. of Microbiology,Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, India
This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B virus(HBV), Hepatitis C virus(HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections among 300 drug users attending drug deaddiction center attached to Government Medical College,Amritsar, during the period 2002-2003. HBsAg and antibodies aga
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5972)
Garfein RS, Latka M, Hagan H, Ouellet L, Hudson SM, Strathdee SA, Purcell D;;;; The Duit Team, Multiple Institutions:, Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle, United States
Background: Offering study subjects incentives to refer their contacts can be effective in recruiting for HIV studies and prevention programs. We analyzed preliminary data from a five-city randomized controlled HIV and HCV prevention trial to assess whether IDUs recruited via RDS varied from those recruited via traditi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5973)
Carvalho HB, Strazza L, Azevedo RS, Massad E;;;; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background: The women s AIDS and hepatitis C diagnostics is increasing mainly among a Female Penitentiary s inmates. Objective: The main purpose of this study is to determine the female inmates risks of HIV and HCV infections transmission through their sexual and drug use behavior. Methods: In a random sample of 299 pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5974)
Robles RR, Reyes JC, Sahai H, Colon HM, Matos TD, Marrero CA, Calderon JM, Shepard EW;;;; Center for Addiction Studies, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
Background: The Caribbean Basin region today has the highest incidence of AIDS per 1000 population after Sub-Saharan Africa. This is the case in the Hispanic Caribbean region, particularly Puerto Rico , which has been confronted with a self-sustaining AIDS epidemic since the early 1980 s, driven mainly by drug injectio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5975)
Kuyper LM, Spittal PM, Li K, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, Schechter MT, Wood E;;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: We evaluated rates of syringe buying and selling among IDUs and various demographic and drug-related factors associated with these behaviors in Vancouver, Canada . Methods: We performed analyses of 1) syringe buying and 2) syringe selling among participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Stu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5976)
Ferreira AD, Caiaffa WT, Mingoti SA;;;; AjUDE-Brasil II Project, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazilian National AIDS/STI Program, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: To characterize IDUs in relation to their HIV serostatus and their knowledge about it. Methods: IDUs were interviewed and HIV tested by ELISA in the AjUDE-Brasil II Project, a cross-sectional study in 6 Brazilian cities, 2000. The IDUs were divided in two groups: G1-who were unaware of their serostatus; G2-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5977)
Lopes AC, Caiaffa WT, Mingoti SA;;;; AjUDE-Brasil II Project
Background: Despite efforts on prevention, prevalence of risk behaviors and HIV and HCV infection are still high among IDUs. This study aims to identify risk factors for HIV among IDUs who were new initiators (NIUDs) and experienced (EIDUs). Methods: The AjUDE-Brasil II Project, a cross-sectional multicenter study, aim
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5978)
Kuo WH, Hagan H;;;; NDRI, Inc, New York, NY, United States
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are endemic in communities with illicit drug use, perpetuated by the link between drug use and commercial sex work. Recent studies showed that for female injection drug users (IDU), sexual activity was a greater risk factor than drug-related risk for HIV infection. While
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5979)
O'Connell JM, Spittal P, Li K, Tyndall MW, Hogg RS, Schechter MT, Wood E;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Many types of injection-related behaviours have been proposed to expose injection drug users (IDUs) to infectious disease. Recently, there is interest in behaviors related to inexperience, lack of education, or other vulnerabilities that place IDUs at risk. We have undertaken this study to investigate requi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5980)
Papoyan AS, Grigoryan SR, Sargsyan RR;;;; Armenian National AIDS prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia
Issues: In recent years a considerable increase in the number of cases of infection through injecting drug use is observed. Thus, until 1999 the interrelation ratio between cases of infection via sexual contacts and via intravenous drug usage was 41 to 22 respectively. From 1999 to December 1, 2003, the ratio changed s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5981)
Mirahmadizadeh AR, Kadivar MR, Hemmati AR, Javadi A;;;; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
Introduction: Several studies have documented high prevalence of infection with hepatitis C and B virus and HIV among injecting drug users, both in industrialized and developing countries. In view of this fact, the present study was planned to understand the status of HIV, HCV and HBS infection among injecting drug use
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5982)
Celentano DD, Jittiwutikarn J, Razak MH, Vongchak T, Srirak N, Rungruengthanakit K, Sawanpanyalert P, Kawichai S, Beyrer CC, Suriyanon V;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Objective: To estimate the HIV incidence rate among injection and non-injection drug users in northern Thailand . Methods: We enrolled patients admitted for inpatient drug detoxification (opium, heroin and methamphetamine) in northern Thailand in 1999-2000, and followed 847 HIV negative participants in the community fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5983)
Kyrychenko P;;;; Vinnitsa Pirogov National Medical University, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
Background: Syringe exchange programs have proven to be successful in HIV prevention, however, a number of their users continue to share injection paraphernalia. Predictors for such behaviour in Ukraine are unknown. Methods: Interviewing was conducted among participants of Vinnitsa (Ukraine) syringe exchange program du
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5984)
Cao Trung Thanh CT, Dang Duc Quang DD, Tran Man Em TM, Bui Van Minh BV, Hoang Anh HA;;;; Center for Community Health end Development, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Issue: Edutainment activities are viewed as an effective means to attract the interest and involvement of everyone. However, peer education implemented by IDUs, SWs, PLWHAs through music/drama performances in the Government Rehabilitation Centers is a new issue. Description: The Government Rehabilitation Centers of Ha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5985)
Chan KT, Wong KH, Lee KC, Lee SS;;;; Integrated Treatment Center, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
Background: Monitoring the pattern of risk taking behaviour in injecting drug users is an important aspect of HIV surveillance. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on drug users on admission to the Shek Kwu Chau Treatment and Rehabilitation Center (SKCTRC), an inpatient drug rehabilitation service in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5986)
Shisana O, Zungu-Dirwayi N, Toefy Y, Simbayi LC;;;; Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
Background: Given the high HIV prevalence in South Africa , little attention has been paid to examining the relationships among substance use, sexual behavior and HIV status. This study investigated these relationships. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in 2002 employing a national multi-stage p
Background: Analyze the relation between sexwork and IDU in Mexican women Methods: 32 confidential and anonymous in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants of government institutions and NGOs in 4 Mexican states: Coahuila, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas and Sinaloa. Results: IDU is a growing problem in the north of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5988)
Esquivel P, Ortiz R, Ortiz L, Mellado E, Magis C;;;; CENSIDA, Distrito Federal, Mexico
Background: To analyze the knowledge of IDUs about HIV/AIDS and other sexual infections. This injecting drug users may play a key roll in the spread of HIV in Mexican- United States Border. Methods: qualitative research. Ten open and semi structured interviews with IDUs. Results: IDU s know two ways in which they can c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5989)
Morales S, Lozada R, Magis C, Saavedra JA;;;; National Center of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Health Secretary, Mexico City, Mexico
Background: From September 15th to December 30th 2003, a survey of prevalence of HIV from the main indicators of behavior of HIV in IDUs in Tijuana city was carried out. In this city will be developed prevention actions for this population within the framework of the project: Prevention in vulnerable populations financ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5990)
Shabanov SA;;;; St.Petersburg Medical University, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
Issues: To describe HIV testing, prevalence and risk behaviours among prisoners incarcerated in Saint-Petersburg. Description: This was a consecutive convenience of 3751 prisoners who underwent mandatory HIV screening in St. Petersburg prisons between January 1998-January 2004. HIV screening is conducted to all inmates
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5991)
Kline A, Baxter R, Bruzios C, Kosek L, Orr WP;;;; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, United States
Background: Although research suggests that the mentally ill have elevated rates of HIV infection, more studies are needed to better elucidate the link between clinical characteristics and HIV risk. While a number of studies have linked risk behaviors with psychiatric diagnostic categories, researchers suggest that sym
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5992)
Altaf A, Memon A, Rehman N, Shah SS;;;; Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Background: The HIV virus has entered among IDUs in Pakistan . An outbreak of HIV infection has recently occurred. Purpose of the study was to asses high risk behaviors and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B & C and syphilis. Methods: The study was conducted in November and December 2003.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5993)
Hacker MA, Oliveira ML, Telles PR, Oliveira SA, Teixeira SL, Bongertz V, Morgado MG, Bastos FI;;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: In contexts with ample access to potent ARV therapy (HAART), HIV/HCV co-infection is responsible for a considerable share of clinical failures and deaths among injection drug users (IDUs). This has been observed in Brazil (BR) and in most developed countries. We assess here the prevalences of HIV, HCV, and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5994)
Inchaurraga S, Celentano A, Escudero M, Mele M, Trincheri N;;;; National university of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
Background: World Health Organization Multicenter Study on Intravenous Drug Use Phase II is developed by WHO Substance Abuse Department involving Great Rosario in Argentina . Rosario University is implementing agency. Main objective is assessing risks behaviors to develop adequated actions. Methods: Rapid Assessment an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5995)
Spire B, Vincent E, Bouhnik AD, Carrieri MP, Rey D, Gastaut JA, Granier F, Dellamonica P, Obadia Y, Moatti JP;;;; INSERMU379/ORS, Marseille, France
Background: The impact of HAART-related side-effects on unsafe sexual risk behaviours among HAART-treated patients has rarely been investigated. Methods: MANIF 2000 is a French cohort of HIV-infected drug users with medical visits scheduled every 6 months. Information about depression, drug or sexual behaviours, and pe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5996)
Kall KI;;;; University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden
Background: In 1983 the HIV epidemic started among heroin injectors in Stockholm and two years later about 50% of heroin injectors were infected when extensive testing could start. About that time HIV started to spread among amphetamine injectors as well but at a lower pace. A project with HIV testing and interviewing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5997)
Jauffret-Roustide M, Emmanuelli J;;;; Institut de Veille saniatire, Saint-Maurice, France
Background: Among the high risk behaviours conducting to HIV and HCV transmission in intravenous drug users (IDU) populations, needle sharing practices have decreased during the past few years, notably after measures to increase access to sterile syringes. Nevertheless, studies have shown persisting unsafe practices in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5998)
Woratanarat T, Beyrer C;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: The barriers to HIV vaccine development include genetic diversity, lack of validated correlate of protection, possible differences in immune responses to different modes of transmission, and difficulty of identifying appropriate cohorts for vaccine efficacy trials. High HIV incidence rates from recent studi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC5999)
Kobusingye KA;;;; Yunnan Daytop Village, Kunming City, China
Issues: To assess HIV knowledge levels among injecting Drug users in Kunming and their attitudes towards Voluntary counseling and testing. Description: Daytop Village China-UK Aids care project provides free counseling services and subsidized HIV testing services. The project targets injecting drug users in Kunming. Th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6000)
Lyu SY, Peng EY, Lo FE, Chou FM;;;; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Background: Injecting drug users IDUs are thought to be one of the high risk population for HIV infection. The main purposes of this study are to investigate knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS prevention among IDUs, and to assess high risk behavioral patterns for HIV/AIDS. Methods: A total of 267 IDUs are recrui
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6001)
Odek-Ogunde M, Okoth FA, Lore W, Owiti FR;;;; Department of Psychology, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya
Background: Injecting drug use (IDU) is an emerging problem in Kenya which needs to be addressed urgently, given its close association with the rapid spread of HIV and other viral infections. Recent rapid assessment and response study conducted in Nairobi by this team revealed widespread heroin use (both injection and
Background: There is a well-known growth of the number of HIV-positive IDUs and vulnerable societies in Russia . Main means of combating AIDS here are mainly prevention actions among IDUs, which make up a major part of vulnerable society in Ufa (1.2 mln citizens). Their treatment in ED must be carried out in two direct
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6003)
Ford K, Wirawan DN, Sumantera GM, Sawitri AA;;;; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Background: Recently, large increases have been observed in drug use and HIV infection among drug users in Indonesia . The objective of this study is to examine AIDS knowledge, drug use histories, and sexual networks and risk behaviors of drug users in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6004)
Griskevicius A, Lipnickiene V, Lazickiene A, Caplinskas S;;;; Lithuanian AIDS Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
Issues: Up to now only one outbreak of HIV infection in penitentiaries attributable to internal ones was reported in Lithuania . But all detained drug or those convicted for drug use related or other law contraventions may enter any penal establishment. As drugs are used in these institutions illegally, assessment of H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6005)
Latka M, Mizuno Y, Metsch L, Tobin K, Mackenzie S, Arnsten J, Gourevitch MN;;;; The Inspire Team
Background In countries where HIV incidence is lower and HAART availability prolongs life, targeting prevention to HIV+ persons is important. This paper evaluates sexual behavior among HIV+ IDU women with their HIV-negative/unknown serostatus partners in the 3 months before baseline. Methods We used baseline data from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6006)
Smit C, Coutinho RA, Lindenburg K, Prins M;;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Background: Sexual risk behaviour in homosexual men in industrialised countries increased after HAART became generally available. As the impact of HAART on behaviour in drug users (DU) is not clear, we studied sexual risk and injecting behaviour and the response among HIV-infected DU who started HAART. Methods: We cond
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6007)
Aceijas C, Stimson GV, Hickman M, Rhodes TJ;;;; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, for the UN Ref. Group on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care among IDUs, London, United Kingdom
Background: Global, regional and national estimates of the prevalence of injecting drug use (IDU) and IDU related HIV infection (IDU/HIV) are critical to planning intervention responses, and measuring coverage of harm reduction (e.g. needle exchange, substitution treatment) and provision of anti-retroviral treatment (A
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6008)
de Boer IM, Beuker RJ, Berns MP, Wiessing LG, Houweling H, van de Laar MJ;;;; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
Background: In the Netherlands injecting drug users (IDUs) are an important risk group for HIV infections. Transmission may occur through injecting- and sexual risk behaviour. Unprotected sexual contact with non-IDUs increases the risk of further spread of HIV into the general population. From 1994, repeated HIV survey
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6009)
Stimson GV, des Jarlais DC, Fitch C, Perlis T, Poznyak V, Oppenheimer E;;;; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Imperial College, for the WHO Phase II Drug Injection Study Group, London, United Kingdom
Background: Injecting drug use (IDU) and related HIV infection is found in all global sectors but predominantly in developing and transitional countries, posing problems for local situation assessment, and the design and implementation of HIV prevention. Methods: Prospective multi-site naturalistic evaluation of WHO Ra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6010)
Kozlov AP, Shaboltas AV, Toussova OV, Verevochkin SV, Perdue T, Masse B, Hoffman IF;;;; The Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Background: Injection drug use is the primary route of HIV transmission in Russia . Cross sectional investigations suggest a rapidly rising prevalence, but to date no longitudinal cohort data exists. The NIH HPTN 033 study was designed to determine HIV incidence and demographic and behavioral correlates to infection in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6011)
Sherman SG, Cheng Y, Jittiwutikarn J, Suriyanon V, Vongchak T, Srirak N, Kawichai S, Razaak MH, Celentano DD;;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: Northern Thailand has borne the brunt of the Thai HIV epidemic and is home to 90% of its diverse ethnic minority population. This study examines correlates of receptive syringe sharing (RSS) among heroin injection drug users (IDUs) comparing ethnic minority and ethnic Thai patients at Northern Thailand s la
Shortly after becoming independent, Ukraine faced a problem - a sharp increase in illicit drug use. According to the official data, the number of registered drug users doubled over the past ten years and now has reached 74,332 (15.1 per 10,000). More than 90% of these registered drug users are injecting drug users (IDU
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6013)
Kral AH, Lorvick J, Ciccarone DH, Wenger L, Gee L, Martinez AM, Edlin BR;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: Men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM-IDU) have the highest rates of infection of any risk group in the U. S. This study examines HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among MSM-IDU in San Francisco. Methods: We analyzed data from unduplicated male IDU who reported sex with men in past year (N=385), f
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6014)
Touze G, Cymerman P, Goltzman P, Rossi D;;;; Intercambios Asociacion Civil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Issues: In contrast to other countries in Latin America, injecting drug use (IDU) is significant in Argentina , Uruguay and Brazil , which poses a particular threat to HIV/AIDS infection in these countries. Built on former experiences by UNAIDS in the Southern Cone, a
Background: This is the first survey to explore HIV/AIDS risk behaviors (blood and sexual) of street injecting drugs users (IDU) conducted in Mexico . Their risk behaviors magnitudes aren t well known, basically because they are persons marginalized from health services. Methods: 1. Workers of civil and governmental or
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6016)
Mikhailova LA;;;; Non governmental organization, Togliatti, Russian Federation
Issue: More than 1% of Togliatti population is estimated to be HIV+, 91% of them being infected through injection drug use. The tendency of HIV sexual transmission is proliferating lately. Major part of IDUs are unaware of medical services available in the city, afraid to discover their HIV status and consequently are
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6017)
Shaboltas AV, Toussova OV, Verevochkin SV, Perdue T, Masse B;;;; The Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Background: Injection drug use (IDU) is the primary route of HIV transmission in Russia . No longitudinal cohort data exists to determine HIV incidence and correlates to infection. IDU were recruited and screened for HIV to evaluate the association between baseline risk factors and HIV infection and to establish an HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6018)
Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Holmstrom P, Arpo L, Ovaska A, Liitsola K, Leinikki P, Salminen MO;;;; National Public Heath Institution, Helsinki, Finland
Background: In a effort to affect injecting drug use (IDU) associated HIV epidemic a voluntary rapid HIV-testing was implemented to prison inmates and IDU s visiting needle exchange centers. Methods: All personnel working with rapid tests are trained with short lectures and laboratory work at the Finnish National Publi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6019)
Day M, Devieux JG, Reid SD, Jones DJ, Meharris J, Malow R;;;; Caribbean Drug Abuse Research Institute, Castries, Saint Lucia
Background: This study assesses substance use and sexual behaviours, and knowledge of risk among urban homeless out of treatment drug using populations in two Caribbean countries, St. Lucia and Trinidad . These data will be used to design and implement appropriate HIV risk reduction interventions in this high-risk popu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6020)
Purcell DW, Mizuno Y, Latka M, Knight K, Garfein R, Tobin K, Metsch L; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: Prevention efforts with HIV+ persons should focus on reducing HIV sexual transmission risk behavior (unprotected sex with HIV-negative and unknown serostatus partners). Methods: We report baseline data from INSPIRE, a randomized controlled trial of a 10-session behavioral intervention to reduce risky sexual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6021)
Hagan H, Strathdee SA, Vlahov D, Hudson SM, Bailey SL, O'Driscoll P;;;; NDRI, New York, United States
Background: Previous studies have suggested that the opportunity to prevent blood-borne viral infections among injection drug users (IDUs) - particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV) - is brief and that new injectors may be at elevated risk of infection. We examined HIV, HCV and HBV prevalence in relation to duration of dru
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6022)
Spittal PM, Hogg RS, Craib KJ, Miller C, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT, Wood E;;;; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: The health and social conditions of women living in Vancouver s Downtown Eastside has recently been the focus of substantial international attention. Since few studies have examined rates and correlates of death among addicted women in Canada , we have characterized patterns of mortality among female inject
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6023)
Kuo I, ul-Hasan S, Zafar T, Galai N, Ghanzafar I, Sherman SG, Strathdee SA;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: We studied prevalence of HIV and HCV and how changes in drug supply, cost and purity were related to initiation of injection drug use following the U. S.-Afghan war (10/2001) in Pakistan . Methods: From May-June 2003, IDUs attending a NGO in Quetta (Balochistan province) and Lahore (Punjab province) underwe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6024)
Miller CL, Spittal PM, Frankish JC, Li K, Schechter MT, Wood E;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: We sought to evaluate the potential association between binge drug use and HIV seroconversion and subsequently, risk factors associated with binge drug use among a cohort of IDUs. Methods: We performed analyses of: 1) associations with HIV seroconversion and 2) associations with binge drug use among partici
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6025)
Miller CL, Spittal PM, Frankish JC, Li K, Schechter MT, Wood E;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Developing injection drug use (IDU) prevention programs for adolescents is an important goal in light of the negative social and health impacts contributed by IDU in North America. We undertook this study to investigate target populations for prevention and risk factors associated with early adolescent init
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6026)
Ompad DC, Fuller CM, Galea S, Wu Y, Nash D, Benjamin E, Vlahov D;;;; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, United States
Objective: New York City (NYC) is one of the U. S. cities most severely affected by the HIV epidemic. Recent reports indicate that the prevalence of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs) has decreased in NYC, it follows that the epidemiology of HIV may have also changed. Thus, we aimed to describe correlates of HIV ser
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6027)
Leonard LE, Navarro C, Birkett N, Remis RS;;;; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Background: Research identifying sexual behaviours and injection practices associated with HIV among IDUs has been vital in driving evidence-based interventions to promote individual behaviour change. However, individual behaviours may be mediated by the experience of externally constructed HIV-related risk conditions.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6028)
Deren S, Colon HM, Kang SY, Robles RR, Andia JF, Oliver-Velez D, Finlinson HA;;;; NDRI, New York, United States
Background: Puerto Rican drug users have been found to be at high risk for HIV. A longitudinal study of Puerto Rican drug users in two environments- East Harlem, New York (EH) and Bayamon, San Juan (SJ) - examined site differences in health care resources and their association with HIV risk behaviors, seroincidence and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6029)
Wilson TE, Uuskula A, Zilmer K, Kalikova N, DeHovitz J;;;; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
Background: The number of documented HIV cases in Estonia has grown at an alarming rate; increasing from 482 cumulative registered cases in 2000 to 2,855 cases in 2002. Despite these trends, little is known about the context of risk behaviors in this population. Methods: Participants (N = 122) were recruited from a met
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6030)
Venugopalan B;;;; Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health challenge in Malaysia with around 14,000-15,000 new cases reported annually. From 1990- 1999, the number of HIV/TB co-infection reported nationwide had increased from 64 to 690 cases. In Selangor, HIV/TB co-infection was first reported in 1998 with 52 cases and this
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6031)
Fry D, Davis-Vogel A, Fiore D, Metzger D;;;; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Background: In an effort to maximize public health relevance, HIV prevention interventions are increasingly targeting social structures rather than individuals. This approach may have particular importance among high risk injection drug users (IDUs) who often are hard to reach and not necessarily in contact with tradit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6032)
Sarin E, Sweat MD, Beyrer C, Samson LJ;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, New Delhi, India
Background: Assam, located in NE India , has anecdotal reports of a significant IDU epidemic, yet little empirical data on IDU. The region borders areas (Manipur & Nagaland) with documented epidemics of IDU and associated HIV/AIDS. The dearth of information on IDU in the area has hampered policy support for interve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6033)
Aceijas C, Dolan K, Stimson GV, Kite B, Hickman M, Black E;;;; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
Background: Injecting drug use (IDU), syringe sharing and related HIV infection (HIV/IDU) are significant problems in incarcerated populations, raising challenges for HIV prevention, and provision of anti-retroviral treatment (ARV). Most research on this is from developed countries: the extent of the problem in develop
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6034)
Del Amo J, Lumbreras-Lacarra B, Jarrin-Vera I, Garcia-De la Hera M, Muga R, Perez-Hoyos S, Ferreros I, Hurtado I, Sanvisens A, Hernandez-Aguado I;;;; Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
Objective: To study the potential gender differences on overall mortality among intravenous drug users by HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV status. Patients and methods: Cohort study of IDUs recruited between Jan.1990 and Dec.1996 in 3 AIDS prevention and information centres for voluntary counselling and testing in Valencia (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6035)
Muga R, Jarrin-Vera I, Lumbreras-Lacarra B, Del Amo J, Perez-Hoyos S, Garcia-De la Hera M, Ferreros I, Hurtado I, Sanvisens A, Hernandez-Aguado I;;;; Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
Background: Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common among drug users (IDU) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: To study all cause mortality in IDU according to their HIV and HCV infection status adjusting for potential confounders. Patients and methods: Cohort study of IDUs recruite
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6036)
Quan VM, Go VF, Begenstrom A, Celentano D, Giang PN, Thuoc NP;;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: Of 71,000 HIV cases reported in Vietnam through August 2003, 60% were among injection drug users (IDUs). In this study, we estimated HIV prevalence and assessed risk factors associated with HIV infection among IDUs in a rural northern province of Vietnam. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6037)
Bergenstrom A, Quan VM, Voytek C, Giang PN, Nam LV, Go V;;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Background: Injecting drug use has been associated with 84% of reported HIV infections in Bac Ninh province in northern Vietnam . Yet, the majority of IDUs remain unaware of their HIV serostatus due to limited access and utilisation of voluntary HIV counseling and testing services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6038)
Venkataraman R;;;; Non-governmental organisation, New Delhi, India
Issue: The constant struggle for survival in the conflict situation of North East India is leading more and more people to find solace in drugs. Today, over 80 per cent of them are now into injections and Spasmo Proxyvon, a pain-killing drug. This drug has captured the minds and hearts of youths aged 15 to 30 years.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6039)
Suprapta M, Narayanan P;;;; Indonesian HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Project, Jakarta, Indonesia
Background: National Estimates of injecting drug user population indicates that there are around 4000 IDUs in Bali. HIV prevalence is estimated to be around 30%. Although the island was the first to respond to HIV among drug users, it was only recently that Bali formed a provincial committee on drug use and HIV, (Harm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6040)
Lankenau S, Clatts M, Sanders B;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Background: Injection drug users (IDUs) are an important hidden population to reach from both epidemiological and harm reduction standpoints due to HIV risks and other unanticipated medical consequences. Current drug surveillance systems in the U. S. frequently underreport emerging drug use and do not include data on m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6041)
Latkin CA, Knowlton AR;;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Issues: Individually focused behavioral HIV prevention interventions suffer from a lack of sustainability and limited reach. Social network and behavioral settings research can be used to understand and intervene in social behaviors within a community context. This approach is especially useful for IDUs who tend to acq
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6042)
Toro C, Bassani S, de la Fuente L, Brugal MT, Jimenez V, Rodes B, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: To determine the prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections in active heroin users in Spain . Methods: Dry-blood specimens collected in 2002 from active heroin users at street localizations in three diff
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6043)
Rajput M;;;; Sukkur Blood And Drugs Donating Society Infront Of Eid Gah Sukkur, Sukkur, Pakistan
Background: The Study was conducted to collect base line Data of Street Drugs User of Sukkur (Third biggest city of Sindh) in the back-drop of HIV out-break in the Drug Users of Larkana of Pakistan . The main objective of the study was to know the seroprevelance of HIV among this high risk group. Methods: Street drug u
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6044)
Ciccarone D, McMahan B, Bourgois P;;;; Department of Anthropology, History and Social Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: HIV prevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) is markedly lower in the Western versus Eastern United States (US). This is despite the relatively even diffusion of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM) populations across the US. No empirical data exists to account for this discrepancy. Our conjecture, ba
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6045)
Johnston P, Des Jarlais DC, Kling R, Friedmann P, Ngu D, Binh KT, Liu W, Yi C, Hammett TM;;;; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
Background: This intervention employs peer educators to provide HIV risk reduction information to IDUs, distribute new needles/syringes and vouchers redeemable in participating pharmacies for new needles/syringes, and collect and safely dispose of used needles/syringes. A primary intended outcome is stable HIV prevalen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6046)
Nash D, Fuller C, Blaney S, Ompad D, Cumberbatch S, Galea S, Vlahov D;;;; The New York Academy of Medicine, CUES, New York, United States
Background: The neighborhood-specific prevalence rates of diagnosed HIV are reflective of HIV-related risk factors. The role of neighborhood characteristics has not been well-described in HCV infection. The goal of this analysis is to assess the degree to which neighborhood level factors, including HIV prevalence, are
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6047)
Ishida T, Kerr T, Lai C, Shannon K, Tyndall M;;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Background: Vancouver s Downtown Eastside (DTES) has attracted international attention due to high rates of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) infection among local injection drug users (IDU). Recent studies have indicated higher incidence of HIV infection among Aboriginal IDU in this setting. The objectives of this analysis we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6048)
Kiatying-Angsulee N, Kulsomboon V, Kittisopee T, Patcharapisarn N, Sriwiriyanuparb W, Sirisinsuk Y, Thienkrua W, Manopaiboon C, Levine W, Tappero J, van Griensven F;;;; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Background: Midazolam, a fast-acting benzodiazepine, is increasingly used as a drug of injection in Bangkok. Midazolam induces amnesia, which may increase HIV risk behavior. Midazolam tablets are crushed, dissolved in water, filtered and injected. Interactions of midazolam with other drugs may lead to overdose and deat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6049)
Elford J, Bolding G, Davis M, Sherr L, Hart G;;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
Background: To examine changes in sexual behaviour among London gay men between 1998-2003 by type of partner. Methods: Over 4000 gay men using recreational centres in London were surveyed annually between 1998-2003 (range 550-834 per year). Information was collected on HIV status, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6050)
Elford J, Bolding G, Davis M, Sherr L, Hart G;;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
Background: To examine the extent to which HIV positive gay men in London intentionally seek unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and where they meet their UAI partners. Methods: In 2002-2003, over 500 HIV positive gay/bisexual men (70% response rate) were surveyed in a public HIV treatment clinic in London, UK. A furthe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6051)
Nikolopoulos G, Masgala A, Arvanitis M, Paraskeva D, Eleni E;;;; Hellenic Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, Athens, Greece
Background: To estimate secular trends by transmission mode in HIV/AIDS epidemic in Greece through years 1981-2003. Methods: Retrospective study. Data originate form the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system, including all HIV/AIDS notifications to Hellenic Centre for Infectious Diseases Control from 1981 to first half
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6052)
Colosio R, Fernandes MI, Bergamaschi DP, Scarcelli IR, Lopes IC, Hearst N;;;; Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo/NEPAIDS, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
Background: Even though men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to account for a substantial proportion of Brazilian AIDS cases, research regarding effective prevention strategies for this group has been very limited. We evaluated the Operative Group (OG) - a dynamic group procedure based of psychoanalytic techniques
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6053)
Bolding G, Davis M, Sherr L, Hart G, Elford J;;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
Background: It is not known whether men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in more high risk sexual behaviour with casual partners they meet online (ie via the Internet) than offline (ie in bars, saunas, etc). This paper examines sexual behaviour among London MSM according to where they met their sexual partners. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6055)
Kuhns LM, Ramirez-Valles J;;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, United States
Background: Evidence suggests that stigma regarding homosexuality is related to sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States , particularly ethnic minorities. For stigmatized individuals, stigma regarding homosexuality can be subdivided into perceived, experienced, and internalized st
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6056)
Mao L, Van de Ven P, Prestage G;;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, Sydney, Australia
Background: Behavioural surveys of gay Asian men in Sydney were conducted twice; 1999 and 2002. Rates of HIV testing and trends in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) were examined. Data were compared with 1999 and 2002 surveys which recruited from the broader population of Sydney gay men and which showed (as internatio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6057)
Michel AO, Velter A, Herida M, Semaille C;;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France
Background: In France , like in other countries, sexual risk behaviors have increased amongst men having sex with men (MSM). In 2000 and in 2002, a survey was conducted in Paris commercial gay venues, in order to evaluate risk behavior among MSM with high sexual activity. Methods: A short anonymous self-administered qu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6058)
Filipe EM, Batistella E, Santos NJ, Paiva V, Segurado A, Hearst N;;;; Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS-SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background: This study attempted to describe risk perception before learning of HIV-positive (HIV+) status and sexual and drug use behavior of heterosexual and bisexual HIV+ men. Methods: This cross-sectional study interviewed 250 HIV+ men who have sex with women recruited at the Sao Paulo STD/AIDS Reference and Traini
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6059)
Filipe EM, Santos NJ, Paiva V, Segurado A, Hearst N;;;; Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS-SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Background: This study aimed to describe condom use of HIV+ men who have sex with women. Methods: This cross-sectional study interviewed 250 HIV+ heterosexual and bisexual men recruited at two HIV/AIDS referral centres in Sao Paulo, Brazil : the Sao Paulo STD/AIDS Reference and Training Centre (n = 125) and Casa da AID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6060)
Prochazka I, Novotny J, Kanka P, Janik D;;;; Institute of Sexology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Background: The Czech republic is a country with low HIV prevalence and dominant homosexual transmission of HIV (53 percent). The CDC recommended for men having sex with men to be tested for HIV at least once in a year. The study aimed to estimate HIV testing behaviour among Czech men having sex with other men. Methods
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6063)
George C, Alary M, Otis J, Hogg RS, Remis RS, Turmel B, LeClerc R, Lavoie R, Vincelette J, Parent R, Masse B, Chan K, Weber AE, Martindale S, Miller ML, Craib KJ, Schecter MT;;;; Unite de recherche en sante des populations, Centre hospitalier affilie universitaire de Quebec, and Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada
Background: To identify key variables and assess sexual risk behaviours among MSM who were born in Canada compared to those who immigrated to Canada. Methods: The Omega Cohort and the Vanguard project are longitudinal studies of MSM living in Montreal and Vancouver, respectively. Data from both studies were combined fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6064)
Van de Ven P, Hull P, Prestage G, Crawford J, Grulich A, Kaldor J, Kippax S;;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Background: The Sydney Gay Community Periodic Survey conducted since 1996 has indicated significant increases in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) reported by HIV-negative and HIV-positive men. Data to the end of 2003 were examined for overall linear trend and possible changes in direction. Methods: Annual, cross-sect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6066)
Velter A, Michel A, Semaille C;;;; Institution, Saint Maurice, France
Background: In France , the proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) participating to surveys and declaring use internet sex seeking has been increased (15% Enquete Presse Gay (EPG) 2000; 38% Barometre Gay (BG) 2002). The aims of this preliminary study were to describe the MSM using internet sex seeking characteri
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6067)
Guimaraes MD, Chin-Hong PV, Campos LN, Gomes VR, Carmo RA, Rodrigues J, May S, Melo VH, Pilloto JH, Palefsky JM;;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: HIV-infected individuals who receive HAART and practice unsafe sex may transmit new and resistant virus to HIV-uninfected partners. Increased sexual risk taking has been described in HIV-infected individuals on HAART. However, there is little information on sexual behavior in other countries such as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6068)
Guimaraes MD, Chin-Hong PV, Gomes VR, Carmo RA, Grinsztejn B, Bressan C, Ribeiro JE, Pilloto JH, Palefsky JM;;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Background: Anal intercourse is highly associated with HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) as well as with women (MSW). Although previous work has shown that a high proportion of heterosexual men and women practice anal sex, little is known about the epidemiology of anal sex among HIV-positive men wh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6069)
Klausner JD, McFarland W, Buchacz K, Kellogg T, Loeb L, Dilley J;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
Background: Increasing use of amphetamine (speed) by men who have sex with men (MSM) has been reported in the United States . Speed may cause behavioral disinhibition and increased sexual drive, and thus may increase unprotected sexual activity and acquisition of HIV infection. In a population of HIV-testers in San Fra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6072)
Prestage GP, Grulich A, Van de Ven P, Mao L, Kippax S, Kaldor J;;;; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
Background: Increases in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (UAIC) have been reported among gay men in recent years, and some gay men have been found to use a range of strategies to minimise their risk. These strategies often rely on information provided to them by their partners. Their degree of acquain
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6073)
Betanowati DU, Wulan GS;;;; The Indonesian Public Health Association, Jakarta, Indonesia
Issues: The majority of the 1,600 transgender people living in Jakarta turn to prostitution as a way of making a living due to exclusion from mainstream society, deprivation of education and discrimination of job opportunities. Among sex workers transgender are considered one of the most vulnerable groups at risk of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6074)
Caplinskas S, Caplinskiene I, Gricius A;;;; Lithuanian AIDS Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
Background: 7% of HIV cases and 64% of AIDS cases in Lithuania are reported in MSM. About a half of people died of AIDS acquired HIV through homosexual intercourse. Methods: Internet survey of MSM organised by the Lithuanian AIDS Centre in 2003 aiming to find out features of MSM sexual behaviour and risk factors predet
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6075)
Seal DW, Boller JL, Ragsdale K;;;; the MCW Couples Together Team
Background: HIV prevention messages often promote mutual monogamy, and encourage couples to make agreements about sex outside of the relationship (concurrent sex). In a qualitative study of intimacy, couples were asked about any (1) agreements they had about monogamy; and (2) sexual behavior outside of the relationship
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6077)
Sullivan PS, Drake AJ, Sanchez TH;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: Availability of effective antiretroviral therapy may reduce concern about getting infected with HIV. Understanding the relationship between reduced concern of infection because of available treatments (treatment optimism) and risk behaviors is important to inform prevention efforts. Methods: We interviewed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6078)
Bastos FI, Petersen M, Ranton A, Hacker MA;;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: Different analyses have assessed the so-called impoverishment of the Brazilian AIDS epidemic using proxies for socioeconomic status (SES), such as educational level and occupation. However, few previous studies have incorporated exposure category in the analyses. Methods: We assessed the distribution of AID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6079)
Fernandez MI, Collazo JB, Perrino T, Varga LA, Bowen GS;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miami, United States
Background: Hispanic MSM are 67% of the male HIV/AIDS cases in Miami, Florida, a tourist and circuit party destination with one of the highest AIDS case rate in the USA. Alarmingly high rates of club drugs among general samples of MSM have been reported, but little is known about Hispanic MSM s club drug use. In this p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6080)
O'Leary A, Muench F, Morgenstern J, Parsons JT, Bimbi DS;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
Background: Men who have difficulty controlling their sexual urges may be contributing disproportionately to the HIV epidemic. In the United States , many men report such difficulty, but to date, no rigorous studies with adequate sample sizes have been conducted. We sought to assess the level of sexual risk engaged in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6081)
Amirkhanian YA, Kelly JA, Kirsanova AV, DiFranceisco W, Khoursine RA;;;; Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
Background: Russia has one of most rapidly increasing HIV rates in the world. Prevalence of non-HIV STDs in Russia-known to be HIV transmission co-factors-also remains very highest among developed countries. The total number of recorded HIV cases exceeded 250,000 with true rate estimates between 700,000 to two million.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6082)
Dandona L, Dandona R, Radhakrishnan S, Kumar GA, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; F.P.P. Team - Asci, Centre for Public Health Research, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
Background: Information available on sex behaviour of men who have sex with men (MSM) in India is limited, as homosexuality is mostly hidden because it is considered illegal. As part of an impact assessment study of HIV prevention in Andhra Pradesh, India, a baseline for MSM sex behaviour was assessed.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6083)
Rosser BR, Miner M, Bockting WO, Gurak L, Konstan J, Ross MW, Stanton J, Carballo-Dieguez A, Jacoby S, Mazin R, Coleman E;;;; University of Minnesota HIPS Center, Minneapolis, United States
Background: Internet use has been correlated with increased risk for STIs for Men who have Sex with Men (MSM). As one of the first NIH-funded studies of Internet-mediated risk, we sought a) to develop a psychosexual profile of Internet-using Latino MSM, and b) to compare the risk behavior of MSM in Internet-mediated ve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6084)
Traore CE;;;; GMFA, London, United Kingdom
The issue: Traditional targeted approaches of HIV prevention in the UK has led to the development of many interventions with gay and bisexual men on one hand, and communities originating from Sub-Saharan Africa on the other. These approaches have paradoxically reinforced the relative invisibility of African and African
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6085)
Valdiserri RO, Anderton JP, Hilleary T;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
Background: The U. S., like many nations in the industrialized world, is experiencing outbreaks of syphilis among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Epidemiologic investigations reveal high rates of HIV co-infection (43-59%) and frequent use of the Internet to meet sexual partners. Unaddressed, these outbreaks could faci
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6086)
Hart TA, Purcell DW, Farber EW;;;; York University, Toronto, Canada
Background: Research shows that men who have sex with men (MSM) have more social anxiety (fear of being negatively evaluated in interpersonal situations) than heterosexual men. In addition, social anxiety predicts unprotected sex among young MSM, but not heterosexual men. This study examined whether social anxiety amon
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6087)
Mimiaga MJ, Safren SA, Jones-Benet D, DeSousa N, Manseau M, Mayer KH;;;; Fenway Community Health, Boston, United States
Background: EXPLORE was a large-scale trial of a 10-session behavioral intervention to prevent HIV seroconversion among MSM. Because phase IIB and III HIV prevention trials require large numbers of participants, high-risk individuals at study sites may meet and engage in risk behaviors with each other. If true, trial p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6088)
Truong HM, Prabhu R, Folger K, Owen C, McFarland W;;;; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: As recent advances in antiretroviral therapy have lengthened survival and improved well-being for persons living with HIV, prevention efforts have begun to focus on HIV+ as well as HIV- individuals. With a resurgence of risk behavior in recent years, efforts directed towards prevention for positives have in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6089)
Scheer S, Delgado V, Schwarcz S;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
Background: Male-to-female (MTF) transgenders are a population at high risk of HIV infection and with documented high HIV prevalence rates. We assessed the use of HIV prevention services and/or other HIV risk reduction strategies among MTF transgenders in San Francisco (SF). Methods: From June to October 2002, MTF tran
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6090)
Prabhu R, Folger K, Owen C, McFarland W;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health-HIV/AIDS Epidemiology & Statistics Section, San Francisco, United States
Background: A trend of increasing sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) may lead to an elevated incidence of HIV among the general population. Methods: To estimate levels of sexual risk behaviors in the MSMW populations, we used serial, cross-sectional surveys on subjects at a wide varie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6091)
Operario D, Nemoto T, Keatley J, Sugano E;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: The male-to-female transgender community has one of the highest HIV incidence and substance use prevalence rates among risk groups in the United States . This study evaluates the effects of an HIV and substance use intervention developed specific to the risk behaviors and social context of male-to-female tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6092)
Murugan G, Srinivasan B, Durairaj VS, Venkateswaran G, Chakrapani V;;;; Institute of STD, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
Background: The study objective was to document the sexual behavior, STD and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending the STD outpatient clinic of the Institute of STD, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Methods: 150 MSM aged >18 years attending this clinic from April 2001 to March 2002 were enrolle
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6093)
Rebchook GM, Curotto A, Kegeles SM;;;; UCSF/Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, United States
Issues: MSM who use the Internet to find sex partners report high rates of unprotected sex and STDs, but little formative research has been done to design compelling online HIV prevention interventions. Description: We recruited 91 MSM from Internet chatrooms for an online interview to assess multiple factors, includin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6094)
Mayorga R, Morrison K, Montoya O, Diaz A, Lopez JL, Reis A, Freitas LC, Freda RH, Munoz F, Leal LF, Cerqueira M;;;; OASIS, Guatemala, Guatemala
Issues: After almost 20 years of prevention interventions in Latin America and the Spanish Caribbean (LAC), what have we learned about what approaches work and what is needed? In the region, most epidemics are still concentrated in MSM. Although this has not been reflected in national budget priorities nor in internati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6095)
Wang Q, Lin G, Ross MW;;;; Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
Background: The Internet has become a sexual marketplace that in some ways is the equivalent of the gay bar or the cruising area]. Participants of some previous studies examining seeking sex on the Internet and sexual risk behaviors among MSM were recruited from gay venues, STD clinics or gay organizations, some resear
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6096)
Velter A, Michel A, Semaille C, Desenclos JC;;;; Institution, Saint Maurice, France
Background: In France , men who have sex with men (MSM) who participate in surveys and report use internet sex seeking are more and more numerous (15% Enquete Presse Gay (EPG) 2000; 38% Barometre Gay (BG) 2002). The aims of this study were to describe the characteristic s of MSM using internet sex seeking sites and eva
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6097)
Lai SF, Hong CP, Lan YC, Chen KT, Wong WW, Hu BS, Chen YM;;;; AIDS Prevention and Research Center,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 48% (2,518/5,221) of all the reported HIV-1 infection in Taiwan . The objective was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors among MSM from gay saunas in Taiwan. Methods: Anonymous HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay, pre-test counseling and condoms have been given t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6098)
Qvarnstrom I, Bratt G, Malmlov G, Pernetun T, Sandstrom E;;;; Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Background: Venhalsan is an outpatient clinic for MSM. In addition to providing HIV-positive MSM medical and psychosocial care, the clinic offers STI screening and pre- and post- HIV counseling and testing. Method: Medical and contact tracing files of all patients being HIV diagnosed at Venhalsan since 1992 were examin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6099)
Van Loon S, Koevoets W;;;; HIV Association Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Background: Several studies have shown that by 2000, 58% of MSM in the Netherlands had never been tested for HIV and that by 2002, 1/3 of the MSM with HIV in Amsterdam actually knew their HIV status. Although the prevalence among MSM in the Netherlands is comparable to that in other western urban areas, MSM in the Neth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6100)
Mikytuck J, Ragsdale K, Benotsch EG, Pinkerton SM;;;; AIDS Help, Key West, FL, United States
Background: Past research suggests that individuals on vacation engage in more substance use and more frequent sexual risk behaviors. Most of these studies have examined the behavior of young, heterosexual adults. For many years, Key West, Florida, has been one of several U. S. tourist destinations visited by large num
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6101)
Rebchook GM, Kegeles SM;;;; UCSF/Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, United States
Background: Young gay/bisexual men (YGM) in the US report high rates of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), and previous studies have detected high rates of HIV prevalence among YGM. New federal prevention policies are stressing the importance of HIV prevention with HIV+ individuals, yet little has been published about
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6102)
Toro-Alfonso J, Varas-Diaz N, Felicie-Mejias J;;;; University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic confronts society with the enigma of masculinities. Most of the reported cases through the entire world are males. The WHO estimates an average of 32 million people infected with HIV in the world, most of them males. The Department of Health in Puerto Rico reported 30,000 AIDS case
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6103)
Colfax GN, Vittinghoff E, Husnik M, Huang E, Buchbinder SP, Chesney M, Bryant K, Koblin B, Coates T;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
Background: Prior reports associating substance use with sexual risk behavior have generally used summary measures and have not adjusted for participants background levels of substance use. We determined if substance use during sex was independently associated with sexual risk by analyzing 3,597 baseline sexual episode
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6104)
Parsons JT, Schrimshaw EW, Wolitski RJ, Halkitis PN, Purcell DW, Hoff CC, Gomez CA;;;; Hunter College - CUNY, New York, United States
Background: This study assessed unprotected anal and oral sex behaviors of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in two cities with their main and non-main sex partners. The use of three harm reduction strategies (serosorting or choosing partners of seroconcordant status, strategic positioning or enaging in more unprotecte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6105)
Colfax G, Husnik M, Coates T, Koblin B, Madison M, Buchbinder S, Chesney M, Huang E, Vittinghoff E;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
Background: Few studies have examined longitudinal patterns of club-drug use and HIV risk among MSM. Methods: Patterns of amphetamine, popper (amyl nitrite), and hallucinogen use were examined in the EXPLORE study cohort. Eligibility criteria included testing HIV- at baseline and reporting male anal sex in the prior ye
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6106)
Parsons JT, Morgenstern J, Bimbi DS; Hunter College - CUNY, New York, United States
Background: Differences in HIV sexual risk behaviors and substance use before sex between two samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) in New York City were investigated, focusing on the role of sexual compulsivity. Methods: Ethnically-diverse samples of MSM were recruited from two studies: 1) Project SPIN, a study t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6107)
Bimbi DS, Parsons JT;;;; Graduate Center - CUNY, New York, United States
Background: Recent empirical work has documented an increase in unsafe anal sex behaviors among gay and bisexual men. Some of this increase may be due to barebacking or intentional unprotected anal sex which first emerged among HIV-positive men. Methods: Data were collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 764 sexu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6108)
Goncalves Silva C, Goncalves DA, Pacca JC, Hearst N;;;; NEPAIDS-USP/National STD/AIDS Program, Brasilia, Brazil
Background: Although heterosexual transmission of HIV is increasing in Brazil , MSM continue to account for 47% of AIDS cases in Sao Paulo State. Brazil offers universal access to antiretroviral treatment (HAART). In some other countries, there is evidence that overoptimistic perceptions regarding the effectiveness of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6109)
Gupta A, Mehta S, Joglekar N, Reynolds SJ, Gangakhedkar R, Sahay S, Brahme R, Godbole S, Ghate M, Divekar A, Risbud A, Joshi S, Mehendale S, Bollinger RC;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Background: Men who report having male sexual partners (MSM) are considered a high-risk group for HIV, but little is known about MSM in India . We compared MSM to other men attending STI clinics in Pune, India to investigate HIV and STI prevalence and risk behaviors. Methods: From 1993- 2002, men attending 3 STI clinic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6110)
Crawford JM, Kippax S, Mao L, Van de Ven P, Prestage G, Grulich A, Kaldor J;;;; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Background: Few studies of sexual risk among gay men report data on the number of risk acts, and most contrast those who engage in any risk with those who engage in none. This study compares those men who report one to six acts of UAIC in a six-month period with those who report more than six such acts. Method: Baselin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6111)
Luong HD, Colby DJ, Ton TT, Pham SM;;;; Center for Health Education Communication, Nha Trang, Vietnam
Issues: The first program to specifically target Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) for HIV prevention in Vietnam was started in the city of Nha Trang in March of 2003. Previous research in Vietnam has shown that Vietnamese MSM are high risk for HIV due to unsafe sexual behavior and low perceptions of their risk. Descript
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6112)
Keen P, Sergeant J;;;; Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Sydney, Australia
Issues: Gay men s use of the Internet for chat, cruising and meeting sexual partners has grown rapidly in Australia . Popular sites such as www. Gaydar.com.au, www. Pinkboard.com.au and www. Mogenic.com attract many thousands of visitors daily. Only very limited advertising on such sites has been undertaken for health
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6113)
Price B, Cummings R, Hillier L;;;; The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
Background: This paper describes an innovative HIV education service occurring in Victorian gay internet chatrooms. The basis of the service was a research project which investigated responses to a HIV and gonorrhea education strategy in chatrooms, which monitored the men s responses, particularly in terms of appropria
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6114)
Vasudevan Vijaya Kumar V;;;; Indian Community Welfare Organisation, Chennai, India
Background: A large number of young rural men are attracted towards various promises and hope for a better livelihood. In a month, on an average 17 - 20 rural young have been absorbed to commercial sex circuit in Chennai - A Hard Reality. We ICWO working for STD/HIV/AIDS prevention among MSM (Men who have Sex with Men)
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6115)
Davidovich U, de Wit JB, Stroebe W;;;; Amsterdam Municipal Health Service, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Objectives: Relationships are a high-risk setting for HIV-infection. We tested an online tailored intervention that prepared single gay men for using condoms, making sexual agreements and testing for HIV with future steady partners. Methods: We attempted to increase knowledge, correct beliefs and increase sense of vuln
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6116)
Kashiwazaki M, Sugawara T, Kazama T, Niimi H, Kawaguchi K, Miyauchi N, Kimura H;;;; Japan Foundation for AIDS Prevention, OCCUR, Tokyo, Japan
Issues: There has been few intervention programs designed with psycho-social research and using effective educational tools for MSM in Japan . To reduce HIV transmission, it is expected to reach them with more practical programs that can enhance their communication and negotiation skills to practice safer sex. Descript
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6117)
Cove JA, Hardie J, Bolding G, Elford J, Petrak J;;;; Barts & London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
Background: Sexual health clinics advocate contacting sexual partners (partner notification) as the primary method of reducing onward transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Although rates of HIV and STIs continue to rise in gay men in the UK, there has been little research investigating p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6118)
Bensley J, Corrigan N, Dwyer B, Ajamu X, Fleet R, Franks L, Harding R, Kent J, Sandersen A;;;; GMFA, London, United Kingdom
Background: A UK national campaign for primary prevention among gay men aimed to: provide information regarding HIV transmission, understand physical implications, and be confident in choosing sexual activity. The intervention was designed to support both national mass media and specific National Strategy aims of men h
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6119)
Zaccarelli M, Spizzichino L, Antinori A, Venezia S, Gattari P;;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
Background: The aim of the present study is to analyze data from male homosexual (HS) and transsexual (TS) attending an outpatient clinic between January 1993 and December 2003, that is the main HIV counselling and testing site in Rome for foreign people. Methods: HIV test is free of charge, pre and post-test counselli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6120)
Marone R, Duranti R, Perretta J, Kasanzew A;;;; Nexo A. C., Buenos Aires, Argentina
Background: HIV-AIDS counseling outlines different situations to overcome in order to achieve its complete effectiveness. The HIV-AIDS testing situation triggers, like in other stress situations, an alteration of the anxiety level that can affect both the interview and the beginning of a treatment. The primary objectiv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6121)
Bertozzi SM, Gutierrez JP, Dandona L, Dandona R;;;; Division of Health Economics and Policy, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
Background: The Indian HIV epidemic is one of the world s greatest public health challenges. With an adult prevalence of 0.8%, and over 1% in some states, the second most populous country in the world faces the threat of a much larger epidemic. Prevention focused on high-risk populations, if effective, could greatly re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6122)
Feist-Price S;;;; University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
Issues: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) represent the largest proportion of reported AIDS cases (37%) in the U. S. since the epidemic began. Non-gay identified Black men who have sex with women and men (MSWM) are particularly vulnerable. Some Black MSWM experience sexuality and identity in complex ways and may no
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6123)
Godoi AM, Merchan-Hamman E, Silva MJ, Lima FS, Costa MP, Hollanda D;;;; Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Saude Publica/UnB, Brasilia, Brazil
Background: In order to impute data on social characteristics and sexual behavior in the MSM population, it was conducted a survey in gay encounter places of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil . Methods: a quantitative study was conducted from June to August, 2003. A structured questionnaire was used, with 64 questions
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6124)
Guevara M, Valadez A, Sanchez S, Del Castillo I, Castilla J, Rodriguez C, Del Romero J;;;; Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
Background: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and voluntarily request the test in a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Madrid. Methods: Cross-sectional study of all MSM without a history of injecting drug consumption, that attended th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6125)
Nemoto T, Operario D, Ng T, Soma T;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Background: The incidence of HIV among Asian Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM) continues to rise in the United States , yet there exist no known secondary HIV prevention and health promotion interventions addressing API MSM who are HIV-positive. Method: Forty HIV-positive API MSM participated in a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6126)
Del Casino VJ, Kochems LM;;;; California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, United States
Issues: Gay drug users transform their identities as expressions of safety/risk behaviors, and positive/negative self-perceptions. Gay and club drug using identities are transformed as these men develop personal and social identities through the life cycle (time) and in efforts to use drugs and negotiate the gay world
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6127)
Patterson TL, Semple SJ, Grant I;;;; University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, United States
Background: The use of methamphetamine (meth) is a growing problem that has been associated with increased HIV risk behavior. Only a small number of studies have sought to understand the sexual and drug risk behaviors of individuals who inject meth. Methods: Baseline data from a sample of 194 HIV+ Men who have Sex with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6128)
McNally SP, Dowsett GW, Grierson JW;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Background: The term MSM is used loosely for various categories of at-risk populations whose only shared characteristic is that they contain men who have sex with men. This term focuses on practices (sex acts) rather than sexual identities (gay man, queer), and has served to unify and simplify a more complex picture of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6129)
Del Casino VJ, Fisher DG, Kochems LM;;;; California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, United States
Issues: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in targeting HIV prevention services to those people who are already positive. The assumption underlying this approach to HIV prevention is that HIV positive individuals, if educated and made aware of the risk of transmitting HIV, are best placed to reduce HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6130)
Nemoto T, Sugano E, Operario D, Keatley J;;;; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Background: Male-to-female (MTF) transgender individuals have the highest HIV infection rate in San Francisco compared to other at-risk populations. Previous studies have reported high prevalence of unprotected receptive anal sex (URAS) among this population. This study examined the relationship between psychosocial fa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6131)
Darbes LA, Hoff CC, Mahosadha R, Ramos-Soto E;;;; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies/University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: The source of HIV infection among gay men is increasingly being attributed to unprotected sex within primary relationships. Since many primary relationships are non-monogamous, couples frequently make agreements about how sex with outside partners is handled. However, little is known about the development a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6132)
Fisher DG, Jaffe A, Reynolds-Fisher GL, Branson CM;;;; California State University, Long Beach, United States
Background: To explore the relationship between designer drug use and HIV risk behavior in a sample of injection drug users in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Methods: A community-based sample of 355 injection drug users (IDUs) was recruited from a hepatitis testing program in Los Angeles County. The Risk Behavior
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6133)
Meskovic MD;;;; NGO 'Safe Pulse of Youth', Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Background: As a follow-up of the UNICEF`s research Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) on HIV/AIDS among vulnerable young people , (in 2001 and 2002) the one-year project Health educational intervention on HIV and STDs among MSM population (supported by UNICEF) has been started on January 2003. At the end of the proje
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6134)
Smith GD, Lau CC, Louey P;;;; AIDS Concern, Hong Kong, China
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for almost 30% of reported sexually acquired HIV infections in Hong Kong . The taboo against homosexual behaviour, the dependence of the surveillance system on reported cases and the low rates of HIV testing among MSM make it difficult to assess the true prevalence ra
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6135)
Loeb L, Kellogg TA, Nelson KM, Dilley JW, Klausner JD, McFarland W;;;; AIDS Health Project, University of California, San Francisco, United States
Background: To determine whether the recreational use of Viagra (sildenafil citrate) is associated with HIV seroconversion among anonymous male repeat testers at public HIV counseling and testing sites in San Francisco, California, U. S. A. Methods: Self-reported Viagra use was collected from anonymous male repeat clie
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6136)
Sanchez Vega C;;;; Fundacion Mexicana para la lucha contra el Sida, A. C., Mexico
Issues: Ever since this pandemia appeared, different approaches have been taken to stop and decrease the rising HIV rates. In recent times, researches on generic relations of men who have sex with other men have determined that this practice is the first cause of HIV infections. Description: A qualitative research was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6137)
Ritieni A, Gomez E, Ruiz J, Vargas D, Salazar M;;;; California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, United States
Background: HIV/AIDS among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) is a concern for California (CA) and Mexico . Latinos are increasingly representing a larger proportion of new Californian MSM AIDS cases. Meanwhile movement across the California-Mexico international border is extensive. HIV prevention programs do not s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6138)
Costello M;;;; Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Sydney, Australia
The Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations National Indigenous Gay and Transgender Consultation Report identified Indigenous Australian sistergirl and transgender communities as a community experiencing high levels of discrimination and marginalisation. The report, based on consultations with Indigenous sistergirl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6139)
Mutchler MG, Colemon L, Chion M, Schuster MA;;;; AIDS Project Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
Background: Increasingly, prevention efforts are targeting persons living with HIV (PLWH) to reduce their sexual risk behaviors. HIV+ men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) are often grouped with gay men and overlooked. As a result, little is known about their sexual risk behaviors particularly with their female pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6140)
Rawstorne P, Fogarty A, Crawford J, Prestage G, Grierson J, Kippax S;;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Background: Previous studies have explored differences between MSM who do or do not engage in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (UAIC). This paper takes a unique approach by distinguishing between HIV-positive men who frequently and occasionally engage in UAIC. Methods: Data were drawn from 338 HIV-posi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6141)
Rawstorne P, Hull P, Van de Ven P, Prestage G, Crawford J, Kippax S;;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Background: HAART has been shown to reduce viral load, morbidity and mortality. As such, sex practice may be influenced by HAART. Although some studies have found an association between HAART and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), the relationship is still being explored. Here, we explore the relationship between HAAR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6142)
Sibilia A, Steger HP, Liembd S, Wittwer U, Wang J, Werner M, Staub R;;;; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
Issues: Prevention in vulnerable groups, especially in the gay community, has been part of the work of the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH) and its affiliated NGOs since the introduction of HIV prevention. Since 2003 the SFOPH has intensified its prevention measures within the gay community. The target wer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6143)
Folch C, Esteve A, Zaragoza K, Munoz R, Casabona J;;;; Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS of Catalonia. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Ctra de Canyet sn., Badalona, Spain
Background: Spain has the second-highest AIDS rate in Europe. An HIV surveillance system was introduced in Catalonia in 2001. Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 27% of the HIV-infection reported in 2001-02. Objective: to identify the determinants of unprotected anal intercourse (UA) with steady and casual ma
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6144)
de Wit JB, Adam PC;;;; Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Background: A better understanding of the social and psychological factors that explain sexual risk-taking among MSM is needed to support prevention. Research has focused on the role of HAART and prevention fatigue, whereas individuals sexual desires that also influence behaviors have hardly been taken into account. Me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6145)
Balanetkii BO;;;; GenderDoc-M, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of
Issues: At present moment Moldova is one of eastern-european countries where HIV infection is spreading very fast (in 1996 the total number of registered HIV positive people was 55; in 2003 the total number is 1890). During this period of time some vulnerable groups were out of sight of HIV prevention programs on the s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6146)
El-Rahman Aa;;;; MOHP, Cairo, Egypt
Background: young children and adults were considered among high risk groups for HIV infection due to sexual relations including homosexuality. Methodology: with the help of well trained 2 male homosexual volunteers a sample of male homosexuals were interviewed for studying their risky behaviors for HIV/AIDS. A questio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6147)
Baney M, Shidlo A, Yi H;;;; St. Vincent's Hospital Manhattan, New York, United States
Background: HIV prevention programs and clinicians have a need to identify clients attitudes toward unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Having reliable and valid measures to assess the psychosocial factors associated with high-risk sexual behavior can be of great help in shaping an intervention that is tailored for an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6148)
Sharma A, Muga CT, Steel M, Cohen CR, King H, Bukusi EA;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Background: Societal disapproval and criminalization of same-sex intercourse in Kenya foster both non-disclosure and minimal public health interest in men who have sex with men (MSM). These factors contribute to the paucity of information on their STI/HIV/AIDS-related risk, preventive strategies, and care-seeking pract
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6149)
Gill ON, Brown AE, Sinka K, McGarrigle CA, Murphy G, Parry JV, Evans B;;;; Health Protection Agency - CDSC, London, United Kingdom
Background: High uptake of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) might be expected to reduce the force of infection in a population. Such an effect should have strengthened prevention programmes targeting HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), especially since 2000. Evidence of such an effect was sought in sur
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6150)
Tapsoba P, Ly A, Moreau A, Niang CI, Castle C;;;; STI/AIDS Division, Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
Issues: An operations research study conducted in Senegal indicated that men who have sex with men (MSM), have complex sexualities with high risk of HIV/AIDS and STI because of unprotected sex, a history of STI symptoms, and poor knowledge about STIs and total absence of initiatives for improved access to STI/AIDS trea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6151)
Muthukumar N;;;; South India AIDS Action Programme (Siaap), Chennai, India
Background: In India men who have sex with men (MSMs) identify themselves as women. They under go castration to strongly express this identity. This causes physical and mental trauma and increases social discrimination. They are rejected by families, denied jobs and forced to sell sex. Castration and their subsequent l
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6153)
Moreau A, Diouf D, Castle C, Engelberg G, Tapsoba P;;;; Enda Tiers Monde, Dakar, Senegal
Issue: A diagnostic study in Senegal revealed that men who have sex with men (MSM) face stigma, discrimination, rejection and violence. The study recommended dialogue with and sensitization of among others the media to improve MSM knowledge, norms, attitudes and behaviors, and to reduce stigma and other impediments to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6154)
Irwin TW, Morgenstern JM;;;; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
Background: In the research literature, there are numerous articles that support the general finding that heavy drinkers tend to put themselves at higher risk for HIV than those who drink less (Weinhardt & Carey, 2000). However, studies that have attempted to investigate a direct or causal link by examining the tem
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6155)
Tapsoba P, Moreau A, Niang Y, Niang C;;;; Population Council's Horizons Program, Accra, Ghana
Issue: Few countries in Africa acknowledge the existence of men who have sex with men (MSM) or have prevention and treatment programs targeting MSM. Studies conducted in Senegal , Burkina Faso and Kenya illustrate the challenges and obstacles that prevent African researchers from examining and addressing i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6156)
Niang C, Moreau A, Kostermans K, Binswanger H, Compaore C, Diagne M, Tapsoba P, Weiss E;;;; University Cheilh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
Background: In response to the devastating AIDS epidemic in Africa, the World Bank launched the Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP) for the region. National HIV/AIDS programs have not been adequate to the epidemic s challenges for various reasons, including that vulnerable groups have been inadequately or inappropriat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6157)
Trevino SC, Tecuapetla G, Salazar V, Escamilla A;;;; Mexican Institute of Social Security/San Angel General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Background: Some studies suggest that the sexual activity of HIV-infected patients tend to decrease after they are aware of their diagnosis. There is lack of information about this issue in Latin populations. The aim of this study was to find out if the sexual activity of mexican patients changes after being notified o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6158)
Schilder AJ, Lampinen TM, Miller ML, Chan KJ, Schechter MT, Hogg RS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Background: During 1997-2002 we observed in a cohort of gay men significant increases in substance use and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners; the latter was strong risk factor for HIV seroconversion. Objective: Measure the association of substance use and UAI specific to high-risk encounters. Meth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6159)
Montoya O, Montano SM, Vieira JC, Soria E, Esparza A, Bautista CT, Chauca G, Laguna A, Carr JK, Sanchez JL, Olson JG;;;; Fundacion Ecuatoriana Equidad, Quito, Ecuador
Background: This study was conducted to estimate the HIV prevalence in MSM, determine genetic variations of HIV-1 strains, and to identify risk factors for HIV infection in this high-risk group. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study among MSM in 4 major cities of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6160)
Goicochea P, Sanchez J, Lucchetti A, Kusunoki L, Galvan R, Tapia K, Whittington WL, Celum CL;;;; Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
Background: The greatest number of AIDS cases and highest HIV prevalence in Peru and the Andean region are among MSM. HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission and trials of HSV-2 suppression to prevent HIV transmission will be conducted. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) preparednes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6161)
Abd El Rahman E, El Sayed N;;;; Egyptian Minstry of Health & Population, Cairo, Egypt
Background: Nearly 32% of all HIV cases in Egypt are among homosexual or bisexual men. Methods: A sample of male homosexuals was interviewed with the help of 2 trained male homosexual volunteers, to identify risky behavior. A questionnaire was used and the study sample was screened for HIV. Results: The study sample in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6162)
Guanira J, Pun M, Manrique H, Lama J, Galvan R, Vergara J, Laguna A, Olson J, Suarez L, Sanchez J;;;; Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
Background: Peru has established a HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI) and risk behavior sentinel surveillance among of men who have sex with men (MSM) since 1996. Methods: During three months in 2002, men from six different cities (Lima, Arequipa, Sullana, Piura, Iquitos y Pucallpa), reporting at least one male
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6163)
Garcia M, Wheeler DP;;;; Hunter College School of Social Work, New York, United States
Issues: Accessing hard-to-reach MSM populations in an environment of growing health disparities is essential to gaining insight by which to frame interventions for these communities. Successful community outreach is a promising and critical source of recruitment. However, outreach initiatives are not always successful
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6164)
Evans JL, Balls JE, Klausner J, Dilley J, Osmond D, Shiboski S, Shiboski C, McFarland W, Greenspan D, Page-Shafer K;;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Background: A high proportion of MSM report engaging in oral sex, and the risk of HIV associated with this practice is generally acknowledge to be low compared to other sexual practices. Methods: Participants recruited from anonymous testing sites (ATS) in San Francisco and were screened for sexual behavior as part of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6165)
Rekart ML, Marchand R, Trussler T, Barnett J;;;; BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
Background: The gay community in British Columbia (BC) has experienced recent increases in HIV and syphilis. The objective of this study was to document the incidence of risky sex and to delineate associated factors to target prevention initiatives. Method: An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 1900 BC men rec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6166)
Gonzalez MA;;;; GSUC-CUNY, New York, United States
Issues: In 2001 newspapers in the United States first reported on the Down Low , a slang term meaning secretive, as an emerging sexual culture. It referred to the ways young urban Black and Latino men were having same-sex sexual behavior. These youths rejected Gay identity and there were reports of their heterosexual r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6167)
Lama J, Sanchez J, Galvan R, Carcamo C, Kusunoki L, Manrique H, Pun M, Suarez L, Montano SM, Sanchez JL;;;; Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
Background: In 1996, Peru started a second generation of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) sentinel surveillance as an effective way to monitor the HIV epidemic. Methods: Cross-sectional studies of HIV and STI were carried-out in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima during 1996, 1998, 2000 and 2002.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6168)
Burchell AN, Calzavara LM, Myers T, Swantee C, Remis RS, McGee F, Corey P, Raboud J, Millson P; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Objective: To determine whether the HIV incidence increases we previously reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) undergoing repeat testing in Ontario, Canada between 1996-1999 (AIDS 2002;16:1655-61) have declined. Methods: Men using voluntary, diagnostic HIV testing at least twice and reporting a risk factor of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6169)
Remis RS, Alary M, Otis J, Demers E, Masse B, George C, Vincelette J, Turmel B, Lavoie R, Leclerc R, Parent R;;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Objective: To characterize HIV incidence and sexual behaviour among MSM in Montreal. DJ Methods: The Omega study recruits MSM not known to be HIV-positive; we test for HIV and complete a questionnaire at baseline and every six months. General estimating equations were used to analyse trends in sexual behaviour. Risky a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6170)
Akhtar MM;;;; National Health Education Research & Resource Institute (NHERRI), Lahore, Pakistan
Issue: Good counseling should be provided to FSWs, that will assist them to make informed decisions about HIV testing, cope better with their condition and lead more positive lives, thus preventing HIV transmission. Description: Sex work has been identified as highly risky behaviour for contracting HIV/AIDS/STIs and FS
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6171)
Patnaik BP;;;; Regional Office for Health & F.W., Gov, Bhubaneswar, India
Issues: Orissa is one of the large province of Indian union situated at the eastern cost of Indian peninsula. Bhubaneswar is its capital city and is a favorite tourist destination as well as a business centre. Gradually HIV/AIDS is becoming a major public health issue in the province. Description: a)Objective - To enum
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6172)
Pham NB, Riley I;;;; UNFPA, HANOI, Vietnam
Issues: HIV/AIDS epidemic come to Southeast Asia region in late 1980s, exploded first in Thailand and affects directly Cambodia . The presence of Vietnamese female sex workers in Cambodia recently becomes a regional controversial issue. Methods: The study was carried over three months from July to November 2002.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6173)
Nhung VT, Thuong NV, Nghia KV, Tram LT, Long NT, Tien NT, O'Farrell N;;;; Pasteur Institute, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Background: HIV is increasing in Vietnam , especially in border areas where mobility and risky sexual behaviour can facilitate HIV transmission among female sex workers (FSWs) and others. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV and associated factors among FSWs in border provinces of Vietnam. Method
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6174)
Leng Veng SE;;;; Koh Kong Provincial Health Department, Ministry of Health, Koh Kong, Cambodia
Issues: Koh Kong province has a large number of mobile populations, many of whom are engaged in fishing, logging, and casino and sex work. It is one of the provinces worst affected by HIV/AIDS in Cambodia . Project: A comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention program with the following components has been implemented: 1) Behav
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6175)
Gorter AC, Segura ZE, Zuniga E, Medina J;;;; Instituto CentroAmericano de la Salud (ICAS), Managua, Nicaragua
Issues: Reaching vulnerable populations with STI/HIV care is difficult but essential in detaining a HIV epidemic, especially in countries with low prevalence such as Nicaragua . Quality STI/HIV care is expensive; limited resources should be targeted. Competitive voucher schemes have recently received attention as a goo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6176)
Mallick A;;;; Child In Need Institute (CINI), Kolkata, India
Issue: With the advent of the HIV infection in India , the disease spread rapidly. Initially the infection was concentrated among high-risk groups. Transmission within and from these groups drives the epidemic to the general community. To cope with this situation several targeted HIV/AIDS intervention programmes are be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6177)
Komatsu R, Nguyen TL, Mai HA, Ly PD, Nguyen TH, Nerurkar V, Yanagihara R, Brown T;;;; National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo, Japan
Background: In Vietnam , HIV infection was confined primarily to male injection drug users (IDU). However, as evidenced by the increasing prevalence among pregnant women and conscripts, HIV has shifted beyond the IDU population. In 2000, a cross-sectional survey, conducted among women at risk of HIV infection in two so
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6178)
Komatsu R, Nguyen TL, Mai HA, Ly PD, Nguyen TH, Nerurkar V, Yanagihara R, Brown T;;;; National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Vietnam s increasing HIV epidemic has been predominantly among injecting drug users, but a larger share of infections are attributed to the sexual transmission particularly in the south. As the epidemic grows, the sexual transmission may become even more dominant because the population susceptible to the se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6179)
Brussa L;;;; TAMPEP International Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Issues: TAMPEP is an international network and intervention project operating in 24 countries in Western and Eastern EuropeIt is a model of intervention reaching more than 40 different nationalities of female and transgender prostitutes from Central and Eastern Europe, South East Asia, Africa and Latin America. Aims of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6180)
Kusum BS;;;; Gram Bharati Samiti, Jaipus, India
Issue: The Tribal women traditionally involved in sex work in the rural areas in the Rajasthan state of India are facing strong stigma and are debarred from basic amenities including potable water, education and medical and health services and detached from their family, friends and community as well in lack of awarene
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6181)
Ortiz L, Nogueron J, Magis C;;;; CENSIDA, D.F., Mexico
Background: To Identify male sexual workers (MSW) that offer sexual service to men in the Mexico City Central Park. This park is located in the most visited tourist areas city and near to others venues of men that have sex with men (MSM) as bars, taverns, hotels. Methods: The work was carried out between October and De
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6182)
Yunus H;;;; Taifa Community Care Project, Kampala, Uganda
Issues Female Commercial Sex Workers (FCSWs) are at high risk of HIV infection due to the nature of their work. There are few interventions that address this specific community. This leads to insufficient HIV/AIDS information, leaving the community more vulnerable to the pandemic. Description In 2000 Taifa Community Ca
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6183)
Piwoo P;;;; PIACT Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: HIV/AIDS is still at an early stage in Bangladesh , patterns of behavior which facilitate the rapid spread of the infection are widespread. CSWs were interested to use condom but majority of the clients did not like it. To raise awareness about HIV/AIDS/STDs among the clientele groups, PIACT Bangladesh has
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6184)
Yeka W, Peters W, Mgone CS;;;; PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
Background: In the last 5 years Papua New Guinea (PNG) has progressed from a concentrated to a generalised HIV-1 epidemic in major urban centres. Two behavioural surveys of female sex workers (FSW) have been conducted within that period in Port Moresby. This presentation is a comparison of the results of these 2 survey
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6185)
Barakaeva O, Montgomery R;;;; AIDS Foundation East-West (AFEW), Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Background: In the backdrop of Tajikistan s growing duel epidemic of HIV/AIDS and drug use, massive migration is rising as individuals attempt to mitigate the effects of plummeting employment opportunities (unemployment reaching 30% and 80% of Tajik s living below the poverty line). Recent reports indicate a rise in in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6186)
O'Farrell N, Anh MH, Thuong NV, Nhung VT, Tuan NG, Long NT;;;; Pasteur Suite, Ealing Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Objectives: Sex work is illegal in Vietnam and there is little data about HIV prevalence in female sex workers (FSW). This study reports on four studies of HIV prevalence in FSW in An Giang province, witha particular focus on Chau Doc, a border town with Cambodia , and Long Xuyen, the main provincial town.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6187)
Wyatt GE, Williams JK;;;; UCLA-Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles, United States
Background: Little information is known about sexual and drug risk behaviors of men who have sex with men sex workers (MSMSW) and how to recruit them through the Internet. The purpose of this study is to: (1) identify the health care needs of MSMSW using the Internet to solicit clientele; and (2) define a methodology t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6188)
Mejia C, Gonzales V, Garcia P, Patrick DL;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Background: A formative study on the acceptability of female condoms (FC) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Peru . Aims: 1) identify factors affecting use of the FC in three regions of Peru; and 2) determine ways in which the FC affects FSW s ability to negotiate protection against HIV/STDs. Hypothesis: 1) training wo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6189)
Dandona L, Dandona R, Radhakrishnan S, Kumar GA, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; F.P.P. Team - Asci, Centre for Public Health Research, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
Background: Good understanding of the sex behaviour of female sex workers (FSWs) would facilitate HIV prevention efforts in India . As part of an impact assessment study of HIV prevention in Andhra Pradesh, India, a baseline for the sex behaviour of FSWs was documented. Methods: In 17 sites in 9 districts of the Telang
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6190)
Dandona R, Dandona L, Radhakrishnan S, Kumar GA, Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM;;;; F.P.P. Team - Asci, Centre for Public Health Research, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India
Background: The purpose of this study was to establish the baseline levels of awareness of HIV and its prevention, and the risk of HIV, for different types of female sex workers (FSWs) in Andhra Pradesh, India , as part of an impact assessment study of HIV prevention. Methods: 3,214 FSWs were contacted in 17 sites in 9
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6191)
Ouedraogo A, Nagot N, Ouangre A, Defer MC, Meda N, Van de Perre P;;;; DRS Hauts-Bassins/ Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Background: To assess the role of STI management to prevent HIV transmission among sex workers in Burkina Faso , West Africa Methods: Open cohort study of sex workers with 3 months follow-up visits. The study site was based in an open public health facility. Baseline and follow-up visits consisted of the administration
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6192)
Kamanga J, Mulenga C, Ndubani P, Obiero W, Manda KD, Tembo M, Kaitano L;;;; Family Health International (FHI), Lusaka, Zambia
Background: The Cross-Border Initiative project targets female sex workers with STI treatment and BCI. To provide evidence of HIV prevention efforts second BBSS was done 2003. Method: Mapping, identification of primary sampling units and estimation of FSW population was done prior to survey. Sampling followed a time lo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6193)
Ladipo OA, Ankomah A, Anyanti J;;;; Instituition, Abuja, Nigeria
Background: An important fact in susceptibility to HIV infection is that it is the behaviour, not the vocation, age, or marital status that puts an individual at risk of acquiring infection hence preventive activities have been directed at encouraging behaviours that reduce exposure to the virus. Within the context of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6194)
Guadamuz TE, Kunawararak P, Beyrer C, Pumpaisanchai J, Celentano DD;;;; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
Background: The Royal Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) has been conducting annual national sentinel surveillance of HIV and syphilis among male sex workers (MSW) since 1989. However, there has been little attention given to the sexual risk behaviors and condom use correlates of MSW. Methods: A behavioral assessment sur
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6195)
Schwartz U, Ayieta C, Ferguson A, Otieno GE, Morris CN, Ngugi EN;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Background: Female sex workers are exposed to harassment and violence in many parts of the world. However, the degree depends on the local acceptance of sex work, which in turn is influenced by the legal framework they are operating in. In Kenya , sex work is illegal. For the Strengthening STD/HIV Control Project, whic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6196)
Chowdhury Z, Sazzad Mallick P, Kelly RJ, Baatsen P;;;; Family Health International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Issues: Female sex workers in Bangladesh increasingly ask their clients to use condoms but with little result. How can clients be motivated to collaborate? This paper gives an example. Project: FHI Bangladesh supports hotel-based sex work (HBSW) interventions in several cities. Targeting clients is a key strategy withi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6197)
Holguin A, Gutierrez M, Tajada P, Alvarez A, De Julian R, Baquero M, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Background: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of serological markers of syphilis, HIV-1/2, HTLV-I/II, HBV, and HCV infections among immigrant sex workers in Madrid, Spain and to characterize the HIV-1 variants in seropositive individuals. Methods: Sera from 762 commercial sex workers from forei
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6198)
van de Laar MJ, van Veen MG, van der Helm TC, Prins M, Al Taqatqa W, de Zwart O;;;; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
Background: Commercial sex workers (CSW) are a major risk group for HIV infection. Unsafe sexual behaviour among CSW may lead to further spread of HIV to the general population, since their clients may act as a bridging population. In the Netherlands , HIV surveys among CSW were conducted to assess the potential for HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6199)
Weiner AP, Lorber KR;;;; Wurzweiler School of Social Work - Yeshiva University, New York City, NY, United States
Background: This presentation will look at two specific childhood experiences - sexual abuse and living in some other arrangement than with one s parents and the relationships, if any, to reported drug use behaviors, condom use and HIV status. Methods: During 1998-2003, an outreach van from FRom Our STreets with Dignit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6200)
Lorber KR, Weiner AP;;;; Wurzweiler School of Social Work, Yeshiva University, New York City, NY, United States
Background: Since 1984, FRom Our STreets With Dignity (FROST D) has been providing outreach services, including HIV testing and prevention education, to streetwalking prostitutes throughout New York City. Methods: During 1998-2003, 638 women were tested for HIV and provided with AIDS prevention education information, c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6201)
Thuong NV, Hau TP, Phong TH, An NN, Anh NP, Nhung VT, Lien TX, Thuy NT;;;; Pasteur Institute, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Objectives: To determine if female sex workers (FSWs) in southern Vietnam are significantly infected with STIs/HIV from their spouses (including husbands or live-in partners). Methods: 903 FSWs in 2 provinces Dongthap (n=253) and Soctrang (n=650) were interviewed about their selected socio-demographic and sexual charac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6202)
Gravato N, Morell MG, Areco K, Peres CA;;;; Associacao Santista de Pesquisa Prevencao e Educacao em IST/Aids (ASPPE), Santos, Brazil
Background: Dissemination of HIV epidemic between heterosexual and female population, mainly commercial sex workers, represents a public health challenge. In Brazil , despite its great vulnerability for HIV/AIDS and others STI, little studies of seroprevalence have been conducted with CSW. During 8 years, Santos, a tou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6203)
Yang H, Li X, Stanton B, Fang X, Lin D, Mao R;;;; Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
Background: In China , sex workers may serve as a bridge population in the further outbreak of HIV/AIDS. Most sex workers are female migrants, but little is known about their risk behaviors in natural settings. The current study was designed to examine HIV-related behavioral characteristics of female migrants engaging
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6204)
Cohan DL, Breyer J, Cobaugh C, Cloniger C, Herlyn A, Lutnick A, Wilson D;;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
Background: There is a growing appreciation of the social, economic, and political impact on health. The St. James Infirmary (SJI) is a peer-based clinic run for sex workers in San Francisco since June 1999. Given that health, in general, and risk-taking behavior, in particular, is associated with an individual s psych
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6205)
Brahme RG, Metha S, Sahay S, Ghate MV, Joshi SN, Bollinger RC, Mehendale SM;;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
Background: In India , 85% of HIV is sexually transmitted and much of the spread is driven by commercial sex work. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection in female sex workers (FSW) over 10 years in Pune, India. Methods: Between May 1993 and August 2002, 1359 FSWs atte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6206)
Ahmed AH, Islam MA;;;; Dept. of Statistics, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: Physically visible but socially hidden thousands of floating sex workers (FSW) active in cities and towns in Bangladesh . FSWs are very marginalized, socially stigmatized, highly mobile, and often been presented as a major source of STDs and HIV infections. HASAB in 2002 conducted a study with the floating
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6207)
Hongze LI;;;; Futures Group Europe, Kunming, China
Issues: in Xin Ying, Kunming, Yunnan province, there are more than 93 entertainment establishments (EE), with 800 to 900 female sex workers. A March 2003 health department survey of 150 female sex workers in Guandu district indicates that 44.6% do not know condom can prevent AIDS transmission, that only 25% reported co
Issues: Many people visit Banteay Meanchey Province (BMC), Cambodia , for business and tourism, a combination that has attracted the commercial sex industry. Surveillance data for 1999 showed that HIV prevalence among BMC brothel workers, i.e., direct commercial sex workers (DCSW), was 51%, the third highest of 20 prov
Background/objectives: Although surveys among female sex workers (FSW) have demonstrated increasing trend in condom use over the years, consistent use of condoms is low. The present paper attempts to explain the misconceptions for condom non-use by FSW and their perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Methods: Data is der
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6210)
Morris CN, Ferguson A, Schwartz U, Ngugi E, Moses S;;;; University of Manitoba, Nairobi, Kenya
Background: Tools for studying the sexual networks of vulnerable populations in sub-Saharan Africa are needed to help inform programs and identify needs. In a population of sex workers from kenya we use diaries as a tool to demonstrate the extent of sexual networking among male clients. Methods: A daily diary rcording
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6211)
Mohammed MU;;;; S.V. University, Tirupati, India
The focus of this paper is on a successful HIV prevention programme currently in operation in the state of Andhra Pradesh ( India ). Owing to abject poverty in India, the number of women entering commercial sex is on the increase day by day. Commercial sex-workers are one of the potent sources for the fast spread of HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6212)
Srisuphanunt M, Singhanati S;;;; Faculty of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
Objectives: To study the prevalence rates of Sexually Trasmitted Diseases (STD) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among foreign workers in Thailand . Methods: The serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of STD and AIDS among 11,108 foreign workers, from
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6213)
Akram IM;;;; Pakistan society for social development, Sheikhupura, Pakistan
Background: Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) in Red-Light Area (RLA) Lahore are at high risk for HIV. In Pakistan where CSWs are not officially recognized by Govt;there is no law of having safe sex;situation becomes worst. An anthropological study was conducted to have knowledge of AIDS Awareness among CSWs of RLA Lahore,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6214)
Alexander P, Weiner AP, Lorber KR;;;; FRom Our STreets with Dignity (FROST'D), New York City, NY, United States
Background: Since 1984, FRom Our STreets With Dignity (FROST D) has been providing outreach services, including HIV testing and prevention education, to streetwalking prostitutes throughout New York City. Methods: From January 2001 through September 2003, 1015 women were tested for HIV and provided with AIDS prevention
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6215)
Ankomah A, Anyanti J, Omoregie G, Akinyemi Z;;;; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Background Condom use in commercial sex is dictated by multiple and often conflicting factors. Research has shown that in most sexual encounters, the use of the condom is usually dependant on the ability of either partner to negotiate. While many sex workers do appreciate the use of condoms, various key impediments exi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6216)
Gutierrez JP, Dandona L, Dandona R, Bertozzi SM;;;; Division of Health Economics and Policy, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
Background: The Indian HIV epidemic is one of the world s greatest public health challenges. With an adult prevalence of 0.8%, and over 1% in some states, the second most populous country in the world faces the threat of a much larger epidemic. Prevention focused on high-risk populations, if effective, could greatly re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6217)
Bertozzi SM, Gutierrez JP, Molina D;;;; Division of Health Economics and Policy, National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
Background: The Ecuadorian HIV epidemic is, as in many other Latin-American countries, concentrated among MSM (prevalence of 15%). The adult prevalence is 0.3%, and the reported prevalence among female sex workers (FSW) is between 0.5% and 1%. The lack of data on sexual behavior has made it difficult to explain why inf
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6218)
Onoja AJ, Nasidi A, Abu A, Odama L, Braimoh G, Inyang US, Wambebe C, Harry T;;;; Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Background: Nigeria with a population of more than 120 million people is experiencing a generalized epidemic of HIV/AIDS affecting both men and women. Despite the role of commercial sex activities as a major vehicle of HIV transmission in Nigeria, sero-epidemiological data from commercial sex workers remain scanty. Thi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6219)
Jimenez L, Lerner T;;;; Prefeitura do Municipio de Diadema, Diadema, Brazil
Issues: This paper reports an experience of risk reduction practice among a group of sexual workers in the city of Diadema, Brazil . The methods offered in order to achieve two main goals: prevention of exposition to the heterosexual transmission of the HIV/STDs, and contraception in and out the working environment. De
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6220)
Soonthavongsa S;;;; Burnet institute, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
Issue: 70% of young girls working at entertainment places exchange sex for money. In 1999 75% of young women aged between 18 to 35 years old had STI have no access to adequate treatment, whereas self-treatment or/and using of traditional herbs were common. 80% of them did not know how to use condom. Project: The projec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6221)
Nascimento EF, Pereira R, Santana M;;;; Instituto Brasileiro de Inovacnes em Saude Social (IBISS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Issues: In the context of marginal condition that the feminine prostitution meets, the discussion about violence is a fundament. The violence independently constitutes a situation of vulnerability and it impedes practices of safe sex in STD/AIDS. Description: The project IN THE MOUTH OF THE NIGHT attends 200 women, sex
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6222)
Begum S, Mallick PS, Kelly RJ;;;; Family Health International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Background: Using the results obtained from behavioral surveillance survey (2001/2002) this paper compares the results of key indicators among female sex workers (brothel, street and hotel based) to investigate whether the collective HIV/AIDS response in Bangladesh has had any effect. Methodology: For street and hotel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6223)
Cheng F, Chen H, Luan RS;;;; Family Health International China Country Office, Beijing, China
Background: To understand proportion of condom use and its determinants among commercial sex workers(CSWs) in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, and based on the evidence, to point out the relevance interventions and to explore the policy. Methods: Based on design of sociologic focus group discussion, in-depth individual in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6224)
Ogbogu IO, Odutolu O, Ogbogu OI;;;; WHED, Abuja, Nigeria
Issues: Female sex workers (FSWs) are considered to be one of the high-risk groups driving the epidemic of HIV/AIDS because of exposure to multiple partners and inconsistent use of condoms. Poverty has also been fingered as a twin problem militating against the effective prevention and impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6225)
Ho PY;;;; CHOICE, Hong Kong, China
While sex workers have been one of the groups most affected by STD/HIV, they have been mobilized and empowered to become leading advocates and educators on STD/HIV prevention and care. Indeed, sex worker is one of the mobile populations. Being a migrant makes a person more vulnerable to STD and HIV infection because th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6226)
Mukhopadhyay SM;;;; CARE, Kolkata, India
Description of the problem: Dumka, a border point between West Bengal, Bihar and Bangladesh is the largest tribal dominated district in Jharkhand. Out of extreme poverty and economic insecurity, rural tribals are seasonally migrated to other states of India and Bangladesh in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6227)
Sluzhynska M, Kovalchuk O;;;; Salus Foundation, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
Issues: At the beginning of 2004 there were over 60000 HIV-positive people officially registered in Ukraine . The spread rate of HIV/AIDS in Ukraine is considered to be the highest in Europe. The Commercial Sex Workers (CSW) is traditional highest risk group. Officially no information or statistics about CSW in Ukraine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. WePeC6228)
Ojimba A;;;; Dept. of Community Medicine, Nnewi, Nigeria
Background: Female sex workers have been known to practice partner categorization through selective condom use. This paper describes reasons for non-use of cond
