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16th International AIDS ConferenceToronto, Canada — August 13-18, 2006 |
Cite as: Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. xx
| Table of Contents Main Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Late-Breakers |
| Late-Breaker Abstracts | |
| Track A: Biology and Pathogenesis of HIV | |
| ThLB0301 | HIV NEUTRALIZING IgA IN THE GENITAL TRACT OF HIGH-RISK KENYAN SEX WORKERS IS PROSPECTIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH PROTECTION AGAINST SEXUAL ACQUISITION OF HIV Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0301 T. Hirbod1, R. Kaul2, C. Reichard1, J. Kimani3, E. Ngugi3, J. Bwayo3, N. Nagelkerke4, S. Moses4, K. MacDonald5, K. Broliden1, The Kibera HIV Study Group HIV-neutralizing IgA in the genital tract of high-risk Kenyan FSWs, as assayed by blinded investigators using a pre-defined protocol, was associated with subsequent protection against sexual HIV acquisition. The induction of HIV-neutralizing mucosal IgA may be an important goal for HIV vaccines. |
| ThLB0302 | PRESERVATION OF A SUBSET OF SIV-SPECIFIC CD4+ T CELLS WITH CENTRAL MEMORY MARKERS CORRELATES TO CONTROL OF VIREMIA IN SIVmac251 INFECTED MACAQUES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0302 von Gegerfelt A., Valentin A., Patel V., Rosati M., Alicea C., Morrow M., Felber B., Pavlakis G. Our results demonstrate that preservation of SIV-specific CD4+IFNgamma+ central memory T cells in SIV infected macaques correlate with control of viremia and lack of progression towards immunodeficiency. Animals with progressive disease had increased CD8+T cell responses with effector memory (EM) phenotype. |
| ThLB0303 | CXCR4-UTILIZING HIV-1 STRAINS ACTIVATE INNATE IMMUNITY VIA CD14 AND TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0303 H. Zhu1, R.C. Huard1, M. Nociari1, T. He2, K. Zerria1, Z. Chen2, D. Golenbock3, J.L. Ho1, AIDS pathogenesis, Immunology, innate immunity. Overall, these data uncover a new mechanism through which HIV-1 may disturb normal immune function and prompt the immune collapse and other associated clinical pathologies of AIDS. The lack of TLR2 activation by CCR5-utilizing HIV-1 strain and failure to trigger a pro-inflammatory response may also be a measure of immune evasion in early-stage viruses allowing infection by these strains via the mucosal route. |
| ThLB0304 | PROTEO-LIPOSOMES AS A NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM TO HIV RESERVOIR CELLS AND FREE VIRION ENTRAPMENT Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0304 T. Bronshtein1, S. Pollack2, M. Machluf1 The results imply that a drug delivery system based upon CCR5 conjugated proteo-liposomes is feasible and may serve as a potential ART strategy. |
| ThLB0305 | DRUG CANDIDATE TAT0002, A TELOMERASE ACTIVATOR, ENHANCES ANTIVIRAL FUNCTIONS OF HIV-1-SPECIFIC CD8 T CELLS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0305 C.B. Harley1, S.R. Fauce2, A.C. Chin1, B.D. Jamieson2, O.O. Yang2, R.B. Effros2 Mechanistic, safety, and PK data obtained to date suggest that TAT0002 and telomerase represent a promising drug candidate and target for treatment of HIV-1-infected persons. |
| ThLB0306 | THE HIV-1 ENVELOPE GENE DETERMINES VIRAL FITNESS IN BOTH DRUG SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT ISOLATES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0306 I. Nankya1, A. Abraha1, E. Fraundorf1, A. Marozsan1, Y. Gao1, B. Johnston2, D. Katzenstein2, E. Arts1 These findings further confirm that even in the presence of drug resistant mutations, the envelope gene plays a major role in fitness. |
| ThLB0307 | A BIOINFORMATIC APPROACH TO STUDY ESCAPE MUTATIONS OF HIV-1: ANALYSIS OF GAG GENES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0307 H. Peters1, M. Mendoza1, R. Capina1, M. Luo2, X. Mao1, M.J. Gubbins1, I. MacArthur1, B.B. Sheardown1, J. Kimani3, J. Ndinya-Achola3, S. Njenga3, J.B. Bwayo3, S. Thavaneswaran1, F.A. Plummer1 This study helps to explain why certain HLA alleles are associated with different disease outcomes and is an efficient approach to identify and classify escape mutations in HIV-1 gag. This information can be used in peptide based vaccine development. |
| ThLB0308 | GENOMIC SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF HIV-1 CLADE F PROTEASE AND REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE VARIABILITY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0308 P.D. Cristea, R. Tuduce The new results reveal a more complex mechanism of both drug action and drug-resistance development process. P. D. Cristea, “Representation and Analysis of DNA sequences”, in Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics, Editors E.G. Dougherty, I. Shmulevici, J. Chen, Z. J. Wang – Hidawi, 2005, pp.15-65. |
| Track B: Clinical Research, Treatment and Care | |
| ThLB0201 | A TWO-YEAR RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE SUBJECTS USING LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/R) MONOTHERAPY AFTER INITIAL INDUCTION TREATMENT COMPARED TO AN EFAVIRENZ (EFV) 3-DRUG REGIMEN (STUDY M03-613) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0201 W. Cameron1, B. da Silva2, J. Arribas3, R. Myers4, N. Bellos5, N. Gilmore6, K. Niemi2, K. Wikstrom2, M. King2, G. Hanna2, S. Brun2 After successful induction treatment with LPV/r+ZDV+3TC, LPV/r monotherapy continuously maintained VL suppression in a majority of subjects. LPV/r monotherapy had more intermittent VL increases between 50 and 500 copies/mL versus EFV+ZDV+3TC, but most subjects returned to <50 copies/mL. LPV/r monotherapy may be effective in selected patients. |
| ThLB0202 | MONARK TRIAL (MONOTHERAPY ANTIRETROVIRAL KALETRA): 48-WEEK ANALYSIS OF LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/r) MONOTHERAPY COMPARED TO LPV/r + ZIDOVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE (AZT/3TC) IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE PATIENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0202 J.-F. Delfraissy1, P. Flandre2, C. Delaugerre3, A. Horban4, P.-M. Girard5, C. Rouzioux6, M. Norton7, I. Cohen-Codar8, P. NgoVan8, J.-P. Chauvin9 Initiating antiretroviral therapy with LPV/r monotherapy demonstrated a sustained virological efficacy. However LPV/r monotherapy was associated with more episodes of viremia compared with 3-drug therapy. |
| ThLB0203 | LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR AS SINGLE-DRUG MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HIV-1 VIRAL SUPPRESSION: FORTY EIGHT WEEK RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED, OPEN LABEL, CLINICAL TRIAL (OK04 STUDY) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0203 J. Arribas1, F. Pulido2, R. Delgado3, E. Cabrero4, C. Cepeda2, J. Gonzalez-García1, M.J. Pérez-Elias5, A. Arranz6, J. Portilla7, J. Pasquau8, J.A. Iribarren9, R. Rubio2, A. Ocampo10, P. Miralles11, H. Knobel12, F. Gaya13, R. Muñoz1, M. Norton14, OK04 Study Group In this trial, 48 weeks of LPV/r MT was non-inferior to continuation of T in patients with prior stable suppression. The majority of MT patients maintained HIV RNA < 50 c/ml without reinduction. |
| ThLB0204 | A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, PHASE III TRIAL OF NRTI-, PI-, AND NNRTI-SPARING REGIMENS FOR INITIAL TREATMENT OF HIV-1 INFECTION - ACTG 5142 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0204 S.A. Riddler1, R. Haubrich2, G. DiRienzo3, L. Peeples3, W.G. Powderly4, K.L. Klingman5, K.W. Garren6, T. George7, J.F. Rooney8, B. Brizz9, D. Havlir10, J.W. Mellors1, AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5142 Study Team Compared with a regimen of EFV+2NRTI, LPV+2NRTI tended to have shorter time to virologic failure and regimen completion. The NRTI-sparing regimen of LPV+EFV had similar efficacy and safety as EFV+2NRTI. |
| ThLB0205 | THE KLEAN STUDY: FOSAMPRENAVIR + RITONAVIR (FPV/r) VERSUS LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/r) IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE (ART-NAÏVE) HIV-1 INFECTED ADULTS OVER 48 WEEKS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0205 J. Eron1, P. Yeni2, J. Gathe, Jr.3, V. Estrada4, E. DeJesus5, S. Staszewski6, P. Lackey7, L. Yau8, D. Sutherland-Phillips8, P. Wannamaker8, M. Shaefer8 FPV/r + ABC/3TC is non-inferior to LPV/r + ABC/3TC with similar virologic response at 48 weeks using TLOVR <400 and <50 cut-offs. 95% CI around the treatment difference suggests highly overlapping responses. Immunologic and tolerability outcomes were also comparable. |
| ThLB0206 | IMPROVING HIV SCREENING WITH RAPID TESTING AND STREAMLINED COUNSELING Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0206 Anaya H.1, Asch S.2 HIV rapid testing has been shown to be effective in conveying results. Increased rates of testing could lead to earlier disease identification, increased treatment and reduced morbidity/mortality. Reduced counseling intensity might free staff resources. As the VA is the largest HIV care provider in the US, it would be beneficial for policymakers to consider implementing rapid testing regularly. |
| ThLB0207 | A STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION (STI) STRATEGY OF 12 WEEK CYCLES ON AND OFF ART IS CLINICALLY INFERIOR TO CONTINUOUS TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH LOW CD4 COUNTS BEFORE ART: A RANDOMISATION WITHIN THE DART TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0207 Hakim J., on behalf of the DART Trial Team Over median follow-up of 51 weeks, the majority (92%) of STI patients were able to take ART intermittently without developing WHO 4 events. However, the STI strategy in DART (12 week cycles after achieving CD4>300 with 12-18 months therapy in patients with pre-ART CD4<200) was associated with a 2.6-fold increased rate of disease progression, and cannot be recommended. DART continues to compare different ART monitoring strategies. |
| ThLB0208 | SURVIVAL AND CAUSES OF DEATH, 2 YEARS AFTER INTRODUCTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN AFRICA: A HISTORICAL COHORT COMPARISON IN ENTEBBE, UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0208 Munderi P.1, Watera C.1, Nakiyingi J.1, Kasirye A.1, Walker S.2, French N.3, Gilks C.4, Grosskurth H.1 First-line ART guided by clinical and immunological monitoring is highly effective: two year survival is 94% with overall mortality reduced 17-fold compared to a matched pre-ART cohort. Significant benefit accrues even in adults with very advanced disease. |
| ThLB0209 | RAPID EXPANSION OF THE NATIONAL ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT PROGRAM IN THAILAND: PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PATIENT SURVIVAL, 2000-2005 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0209 Ningsanond P.1, Lertpiriyasuwat C.1, McConnell M.2, Chasombat S.1, Siangphoe U.2, Mock P.2, Fox K.2, Thanprasertsuk S.1 In Thailand, there has been rapid scale-up of national ART. Early ART initiation was associated with reduced mortality; program efforts should promote early identification of HIV infection and early access to treatment. |
| ThLB0210 | HIGH PREVALENCE AND MORTALITY FROM EXTENSIVELY-DRUG RESISTANT (XDR) TB IN TB/HIV COINFECTED PATIENTS IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0210 N.R. Gandhi1, A. Moll2, R. Pawinski3, A.W. Sturm4, U. Lalloo3, K. Zeller5, J. Andrews6, G. Friedland6 Increased surveillance in rural South Africa revealed a markedly greater MDR TB prevalence than previously recognized, with evidence of recent nosocomial and community transmission of XDR TB in HIV coinfected patients. The convergence of the TB/HIV epidemic with MDR and XDR TB in resource poor settings is a deadly threat to gains in survival achieved by TB DOTS and ARV therapy. |
| ThLB0211 | EFAVIRENZ (EFV)-BASED REGIMENS ARE POTENT IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE SUBJECTS ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF PRE-TREATMENT HIV-1 RNA (VL) AND CD4 CELL COUNTS: 3-YEAR RESULTS FROM ACTG 5095 (A5095) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0211 Ribaudo H.1, Kuritzkes D.2, Lalama C.1, Schouten J.3, Schackman B.4, Gulick R.5, AIDS Clinical Trials Group. In this randomized study of 2- or 3-NRTIs+EFV pre-treatment VL and CD4 were not associated with treatment outcome over a median of 3 years demonstrating the potency of EFV-based regimens across a wide range of CD4 and VL. Adding a third NRTI did not enhance responses in any subgroup. |
| ThLB0212 | RECOMBINANT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (r-hGH) TO TREAT HIV-ASSOCIATED ADIPOSE REDISTRIBUTION SYNDROME (HARS): 12-WEEK (Wk) INDUCTION AND 24-WK MAINTENANCE THERAPY (Tx) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0212 Grunfeld C.1, Thompson M.2, Brown S.J.3, Richmond G.4, Lee D.A.5, Muurahainen N.6, Kotler D.P.7, and the Study 24380 Investigators Group In HARS pts, r-hGH 4mg daily Induction Tx for 12 weeks significantly reduced VAT, trunk fat, and non-HDL-C, and rhGH Maintenance Tx for 24 wks helped to sustain the clinical benefits. |
| ThLB0213 | PREDICTORS OF VIROLOGIC FAILURE AND HIV DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG PATIENTS RECEIVING FIXED DOSE COMBINATION STAVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE/NEVIRAPINE IN NORTHERN TANZANIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0213 H.O. Ramadhani1, N.M. Thielman2, F. Gao3, J. Kirchherr3, R. Shah3, K.Z. Landman2, E.M. Ndosi1, H.J. Shao1, S.C. Morpeth2, J. McNeill2, V.P. Maro4, J.F. Shao5, J.A. Bartlett2, J.A. Crump2 In this Tanzanian cohort, patients who paid for ART were at risk for virologic failure mediated by maladherence. Disclosure of HIV status, a likely marker of social coping, was protective. Presence of resistance mutations was associated with low CD4 count at ART initiation. Provision of free ART and promotion of social coping may enhance virologic suppression in this setting. Earlier detection and treatment of patients may limit development of resistance. |
| ThLB0214 | POTENT ANTIRETROVIRAL EFFECT OF MK-0518, A NOVEL HIV-1 INTEGRASE INHIBITOR, AS PART OF COMBINATION ART IN TREATMENT NAÏVE HIV-1 INFECTED PATIENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0214 M. Markowitz1, B.-Y. Nguyen2, F. Gotuzzo3, F. Mendo4, W. Ratanasuwan5, C. Kovacs6, J. Zhao7, L. Gilde2, R. Isaacs2, H. Teppler2 In this preliminary analysis, MK-0518 with TFV/3TC at all doses studied had potent antiretroviral activity and was generally well-tolerated in ART-naïve pts. |
| ThLB0215 | SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MARAVIROC (MVC), A NOVEL CCR5 ANTAGONIST, WHEN USED IN COMBINATION WITH OPTIMIZED BACKGROUND THERAPY (OBT) FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL-EXPERIENCED SUBJECTS INFECTED WITH DUAL/MIXED-TROPIC HIV-1: 24-WEEK RESULTS OF A PHASE 2b EXPLORATORY TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0215 H. Mayer1, E. van der Ryst2, M. Saag3, B. Clotet4, G. Fatkenheuer5, N. Clumeck6, K. Turner2, J.M. Goodrich1 MVC was safe and well tolerated in this advanced population with documented D/M HIV-1 infection. While superiority of either MVC dose added on to OBT, versus OBT alone, was not achieved, there was no evidence of virological or immunological decline. In fact, a greater CD4 increase occurred in both MVC groups versus the placebo group, which requires further investigation. |
| ThLB0216 | A PHASE I STUDY TO EXPLORE THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF FOSALVUDINE TIDOXIL IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HIV-1 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0216 Cahn P.1, Reuss F.2, Rolon M.3, Wit F.4, Boehm E.2, Lange J.5 A single dose of 5-40mg Fosalvudine Tidoxil appears to be safe and well-tolerated. The AUC increases with increasing doses, although non-proportionality cannot be excluded due to the low number of patients. The terminal half-life of Fosalvudine Tidoxil is short compared to the dosing interval. Clinically relevant accumulation of the pro-drug is not expected during multiple dosing. A multiple dosing study will be conducted. |
| ThLB0217 | ACTG 5211: PHASE II STUDY OF THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF VICRIVIROC IN HIV-INFECTED TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED SUBJECTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0217 Gulick R.1, Su Z.2, Flexner C.3, Hughes M.2, Skolnik P.4, Godfrey C.5, Greaves W.6, Wilkin T.1, Gross R.7, Coakley E.8, Zolopa A.9, Hirsch M.10, Kuritzkes D.10, for the ACTG 5211 Study Team In treatment-experienced patients, vicriviroc demonstrated potent 14-day virologic suppression and, following optimization of background antiretrovirals, sustained antiretroviral activity over 24 weeks. The relationship of vicriviroc to malignancy is uncertain. |
| ThLB0218 | TNX-355, IN COMBINATION WITH OPTIMIZED BACKGROUND REGIMEN (OBR), ACHIEVES STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT VIRAL LOAD REDUCTION AND CD4 CELL COUNT INCREASE WHEN COMPARED WITH OBR ALONE IN PHASE 2 STUDY AT 48 WEEKS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0218 D. Norris1, J. Morales2, E. Godofsky3, F. Garcia4, R. Hardwicke5, S. Lewis6 TNX-355 in combination with OBR resulted in a statistically significant difference in viral load reduction compared to placebo plus OBR at Week 48. Treatment with TNX-355 is associated with durable viral load reductions and clinically meaningful increases in CD4 counts in treatment-experienced patients. |
| Track C: Epidemiology, Prevention and Prevention Research | |
| ThLB0101 | LOW LEVELS OF PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AWARENESS AND USE AMONG HIV-NEGATIVE/UNKNOWN GAY/BISEXUAL MEN: SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA RESIDENTS, CIRCUIT PARTY ATTENDEES, AND CLIENTS OF AN URBAN STD CLINIC Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0101 A. Liu1, S. Wheeler1, E. Vittinghoff2, H.F. Raymond1, K. Ahrens1, J. Klausner1, S. Buchbinder1 PrEP awareness was low in three distinct populations of HIV negative/unknown gay/bisexual men, and only one man reported possible PrEP use. PrEP use appears to be an uncommon practice, contrary to prior reports, but should continue to be monitored while awaiting clinical trial results. |
| ThLB0102 | COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF HIV CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0102 R. Grant1, J. Lama2, P. Goicochea2, V. Levy1, T. Porco3 Prevention of HIV infection is more cost effective than treatment. If PrEP is found to be highly efficacious, PrEP implementation is expected to be affordable where a commitment to antiretroviral treatment exists. The level of laboratory monitoring required for PrEP is being studied, and is a predominant factor in cost effectiveness analysis. The utility of PrEP depends on a wide range of social, economic, and biological factors, which should be specifically evaluated where HIV transmission is occurring. |
| ThLB0103 | FINDINGS FROM A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) FOR PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION IN WOMEN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0103 L. Peterson1, D. Taylor1, E.E.K. Clarke2, A.S. Doh3, P. Phillips1, G. Belai1, K. Nanda1, R. Ridzon4, H.S. Jaffe5, W. Cates1 TDF did not increase the rate of adverse events or Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities in participants during or after use. The number of HIV infections was insufficient to conclude that TDF protected against HIV infection. |
| ThLB0104 | HARM REDUCTION SUCCESS AS NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMME DISTRIBUTES SAFER CRACK SMOKING RESOURCES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0104 L.E. Leonard, E. Meadows, L. Pelude, J. Seto, N. Birkett, E. Medd This controversial programme had a significant impact – maintained at one year - in reducing a practice known to be associated with HIV transmission suggesting the urgent utility of replicating this initiative at other NEPs. |
| ThLB0105 | IMPROVING HIV SURVEILLANCE AND PREVENTION AMONG ARMED FORCES IN CENTRAL AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0105 J. Alberga1, T. Ubald2, E. Mpoudi3, J. Hedje2, A. Boupda4, P. Ba Oumar5, A. Adrinkaye6, R. Bagamboula7, N. Wolfe8, M. Grillo9 This innovative effort in the Armed Forces in Central Africa is the first integrated HIV/AIDS prevention program in this region and will allow effective implementation of long-term strategies to fight the disease in this population. |
| ThLB0106 | USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE COVERAGE, ACCESS AND TARGETING OF HIV/AIDS INTERVENTIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0106 N. Taruberekera, F. Chieza, Y. Madan Programs should use GIS to improve targeting of provision of essential HIV/AIDS services and products including communication strategies. |
| ThLB0107 | A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SUGGESTS THAT THE HIV ESTIMATE FOR INDIA NEEDS MAJOR REVISION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0107 L. Dandona1, V. Lakshmi2, T. Sudha2, G.A. Kumar1, R. Dandona1 The estimation method used in India grossly overestimates HIV in south Indian states, which have a similar pattern of preferential use of public health system by lower socioeconomic strata and referral of HIV patients to the public system. The current HIV estimate of 5.2 million for India needs substantial downward revision. |
| ThLB0108 | HIV PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE ARE NO LONGER FALLING IN UGANDA – A CASE FOR RENEWED PREVENTION EFFORTS: EVIDENCE FROM A RURAL POPULATION COHORT 1989-2005, AND FROM ANC SURVEILLANCE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0108 L.A. Shafer1, S. Biraro1, A. Kamali1, H. Grosskurth1, W. Kirungi2, E. Madraa2, A. Opio3 Uganda has been highly successful in controlling its HIV epidemic. Factors influencing the recent trends of the epidemic are still unclear, but may include increased risk behaviour, the natural epidemiologic cycle and others. To solidify Uganda’s success, the ongoing efforts in HIV prevention need to be re-emphasized. |
| Track D: Social, Behavioral and Economic Science | |
| ThLB0401 | MAPPING TRANSACTIONAL SEX ON THE TRANS-AFRICA HIGHWAY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0401 A. Ferguson1, C. Morris2 While condom use is at a fairly high level, the high volumes of transational sex continue transmission of HIV. The bridge population of FSW clients is much wider than expected. The socio-economic conditions and power relations between FSWs and clients underlie the problem. |
| ThLB0402 | POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE FIRST SYSTEMATIC TRACKING OF FINANCIAL FLOWS FOR HIV/AIDS IN UKRAINE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0402 Y. Chechulin1, G. Gotsadze2, C. Chanfreau3, L. Husak4, V. Saldanha5, A. Nitsoy6, V. Galayda7, M. Bhawalkar3, T. Dmytraczenko3 Government should increase public spending with major focus on targeted prevention to provide equitable access to HIV-related care and prevent epidemic generalization. Adequate allocations are necessary to support the strategy of universal access to ART. More donor funds should be channelled through public financing agents ensuring on-going HIV programs’ sustainability. |
| ThLB0403 | SOUTH AFRICA’S ‘ROLLOUT’ OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0403 N. Nattrass Constant monitoring of HAART coverage is required - as well as ongoing pressure from civil society organisations. |
| ThLB0404 | EXPLAINING THE GLOBAL INEQUITY IN HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HIV/AIDS: INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, MARKET AND GOVERNMENT FAILURE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0404 S.K. Nayak Unfortunately, human resource for health is so far absent from global HIV/AIDS research agenda. The persistence of the problem reflects the ineffectiveness of the policies so far implemented to reduce it. Remittances do not help health development because cost of training from public purse goes to private households or investments, or conspicuous consumption. Relevant international membership organisations, such as WHO, ILO, IOM, UNICEF, UNFPA and WTO, provide a forum for the potentially equitable and optimal information, negotiation and determination of global public goods for health that potentially affect the entire constituency of member states. |
| ThLB0405 | STIs AND HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE AMONG VULNERABLE GROUPS IN AN OIL AND GAS PRODUCING COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA’S NIGER DELTA - BASELINE FINDINGS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0405 B. Fakunle1, Y. Mosuro1, O.A. Fajola2, Z. Akinyemi3, O. Ladipo3 Even with above average educational levels, less than half sought treatment in appropriate facilities. Majority knew healthy looking people could harbor the virus but knowledge about prevention strategies is still low. The planned Shell-supported STIs/HIV/AIDS community-based interventions would focus on educational/preventive strategies. |
| ThLB0406 | PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HIV AND AIDS RESOURCE ALLOCATION: THE SOUTH AFRICAN CASE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0406 N. Ndlovu Parliament has the ultimate role of ensuring that delivery of HIV and AIDS services and expenditure match the policies and constitutional obligations of the government. The concept “oversight” needs to be redefined to assist committees better comprehend their role in the delivery of rights. |
| ThLB0407 | IDENTIFYING ETHNIC/RACIAL DIFFERENCES ON THE HIV STIGMA SCALE USING ITEM RESPONSE THEORY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0407 D. Rao1, J.B. Pryor2, B.W. Gaddist3, R. Mayer4 These differences indicate that items functioned differently based on the background of participants, either because of differences in how participants in the two groups perceived and experienced stigma or the way in which participants interpreted items. Blacks living with HIV/AIDS face multiple stigmas, including those associated with social inequalities, racism, and HIV/AIDS, which may explain the higher probability of discrimination reported in this group. The results imply that interventions aimed at reducing HIV stigma would likely benefit from an approach that takes into account the distinct perceptions and experiences of stigma across ethnic/racial groups. |
| ThLB0408 | MAPPING, ASSESSING, AND ALIGNING RELIGIOUS HEALTH ASSETS FOR HIV/AIDS TREATMENT, CARE, AND PREVENTION – LESOTHO AND ZAMBIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0408 Cochrane J.1, de Gruchy S.2, Germond P.3, Jones D.4, Gunderson G.5, Matimelo S.6, Molapo S.3, McFarland D.7, Olivier J.1, Reilly T.3, Mwiche M.8 Greater linking and aligning of religious organizations with public health and health care; increased training, technical assistance, and capacity-building for religious groups, beginning with “exemplar” programs; replication of Participatory/GIS Mapping in other high priority focus countries in subSaharan Africa and other regions of the world; development of a competency-based, interdisciplinary curriculum to foster “interreligious” and “public health” literacy for professionals from all disciplines; development of a new Leadership Engagement Model to provide for greater policy, advocacy, and multisectoral communication. |
| Track E | |
| ThLB0501 | TIME IS COSTLY: MODELLING THE MACRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SCALING UP ACCESS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT FOR HIV/AIDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0501 Moatti J.P.1, Kazatchkine M.2, Ventelou B.3 In spite of the variability of HIV prevalence rates between countries, macroeconomic estimates strongly suggest that a massive investment in scaling-up access to HIV treatment may efficiently counter-act the detrimental long term impact of the HIV pandemic, to the extent that the AIDS shock has not already driven the economy beyond an irreversible “no-development epidemiological trap”. |
| ThLB0502 | CHALLENGES IN TRANSLATING NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICIES INTO A GENDER SENSITIVE HIV/AIDS PROGRAMMES – A POLICY SCAN IN NEPAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0502 M. Sharma1, S. Thapa (Ms)2, S. Joshi2, S. Singh3 Periodic social/gender audit will ensure proper programming and resource allocation for equitable access to HIV/AIDS services. Secondly, capacity building of grass roots organisation is crucial to ensure gender sensitive delivery of the services. Guidelines and technical support on translating national and international policies into gender sensitive action is necessary. |
| ThLB0503 | WOMEN AND THE ‘3 BY 5’ INITIATIVE: A POLICY ANALYSIS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0503 H. Worth Stigma and discrimination against women are central to the fight against HIV not an adjunct to the acceleration of ART. |
| ThLB0504 | EXCEPTIONAL PROTECTIONS STILL NEEDED Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0504 Qiu R.-Z. Recently it has been argued that exceptional protections for HIV testing should be replaced by the normalisation of HIV, becasue the exceptionalisation of HIV may constitute a barrier to diagnosis and treatment. In this argument there is something confused. Exceptional protections were orginated from the fact that quite a number of people treated people living with HIV as suffering from a disease with exceptional nature. |
| ThLB0505 | ASSESSING THE ROLE OF TREATMENT SUPPORT SPECIALIST (TSS) IN PEPFAR ADHERENCE PROGRAM IN NIGERIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0505 H. Ibrahim1, J. Kohler1, S. Gurumdi1, A. Habib1, P. Dakum2, J. Farley2, W. Blattner3, M. Eng3 Inadequate adherence may result in inadequate drug concentrations, incomplete inhibition of HIV replication and may accelerate viral resistance. Drug resistance is a cause for concern in Nigeria, particularly because of the few options for second- and third-line therapy. A patient who fails on his or her first regimen due to drug resistance will have few treatment options left. Non adherence is one of the major factors of drug resistance. |
| ThLB0506 | THE WHO FRAMEWORK FOR MONITORING PROGRESS TOWARDS UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO HIV/AIDS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN THE HEALTH SECTOR Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0506 K. De Cock1, T. Boerma2 WHO will have to take responsibility for monitoring progress in the health sector at the international level and for guidance to countries, in close collaboration with partners, and within the overall framework of the joint UN programme on HIV/AIDS, building upon the lessons learned from “3 by 5”. The first annual progress in the health report will be produced for 2006. |
| ThLB0507 | DECLINES IN ADULT HIV MORTALITY IN BOTSWANA, 2003-2005: EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY PROGRAMS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0507 R. Stoneburner1, D. Montagu2, C. Pervilhac3, B. Fidzani4, W. Gill5, G. Kennedy2, H. Spindler2, G. Rutherford2 Our analysis provides evidence of an early association between ART uptake and declines in adult mortality from 2003 to 2004-5. Alternative explanations including HIV natural dynamics or biases in mortality reporting are less plausible. These preliminary findings suggest that ART is reducing the impact of premature HIV mortality in Botswana. |
| ThLB0508 | MIGRATION, A MEANS OF VULNERABILITY IN YOUTHS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. ThLB0508 Sapkota S. There needs to be initiated social awareness campaigns for against the increament and dispersal of this epidemic. Strict censorship and medical examination needs to be practised before allowing anybody migrating internally and globally. The education and awareness programme for the migrators is a must. More, every country should think and make policy level provisions addressing HIV/AIDS associating it with migration. |
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