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16th International AIDS ConferenceToronto, Canada — August 13-18, 2006 |
Cite as: Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. xx
| Table of Contents Main Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Late-Breakers |
| Oral Abstracts | |
| Track A | |
| TuAa01 | HIV Replication |
| TuAa0101 | HIV-1 VPR CAUSES G2 ARREST AND APOPTOSIS IN PRIMARY CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES BY INDUCING DNA REPLICATION STRESS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0101 Zimmerman E., Andersen J., Blackett J., Planelles V. HIV-1 VPR causes replication stress in infected T cells but not in macrophages. This replication stress activates ATR, causing G2 arrest and eventual Bax-dependent apoptosis. The differential cytopathic effects of HIV-1 in T cells and macrophages can be explained, in part, based on the dependence of VPR function on cell division status. |
| TuAa0102 | OPTIMIZATION AND ANTIVIRAL ANALYSIS OF PEPTIDE LIGANDS FOR THE HIV-1 PACKAGING SIGNAL PSI Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0102 Dietz J.1, Pustowka A.1, Kaur A.2, Koch J.3, Mensch S.2, Stein S.1, Grez M.1, Divita G.4, Mély Y.5, Schwalbe H.2, Dietrich U.1 The selection of a peptide ligand for PSI-RNA able to inhibit HIV-1 replication proves the suitability of the phage display technology for the selection of peptides binding to RNA-structures. This enables the indentification of peptides serving as leads to interfere with additional targets in the HIV-1 replication cycle. |
| TuAa0103 | FORMATION OF TRANSITION GENOMIC RNA DIMERS DURING THE MATURATION OF HIV-1 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0103 Song R., Kafaie J., Laughrea M. The 5' Terminal Dimerization Domain of HIV-1 consists of the DIS hairpin (also called SL1 or Kissing-Loop-Domain) and other regions, such as the PBSh. The immature gRNA dimer is a collection of TDs. And the immature gRNA dimer can adopt a spectrum of different conformations during the gRNA dimer maturation process, a process which is also affected by cellular factor(s). |
| TuAa0104 | BOTH LINEAR AND DISCONTINUOUS RIBOSOME SCANNING ARE USED FOR TRANSLATION INITIATION FROM BICISTRONIC HIV-1 ENV MRNAS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0104 Johnson A.1, Anderson J.1, Howard J.1, Krummheuer J.2, Hauber I.3, Kammler S.2, Hauber J.3, Schaal H.2, Purcell D.1 We propose that a minimal upstream uORF before vpu is used in an alternative translation initiation mechanism for Env, such as a ribosome shunting mechanism. This atypical mechanism may be responsible for the maintenance of Env expression even in the presence of upstream AUG's. |
| TuAa0105 | HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPES 1 AND 2 HAVE DIFFERENT REPLICATION KINETICS IN HUMAN PRIMARY MACROPHAGE CULTURE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0105 D. Marchant1, S.J.D. Neil2, Á. McKnight2 These results may have implications for the lower pathogenesis and viral-load characteristics of HIV-2 infection. |
| TuAa02 | Viral Evolution and Diversity |
| TuAa0201 | THE LINK BETWEEN MULTIPLE HIV-1 EXPOSURE AND GENETIC COMPLEXITY OF STRAINS IS REINFORCED BY IDENTIFICATION OF A SECOND CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT FORM AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS IN NORTHERN THAILAND Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0201 S. Tovanabutra1, G. Kijak1, C. Beyrer2, C. Gammon-Richardson1, S. Sakkhachornphop3, M.H. Razak2, T. Vongchak3, J. Jittiwutikarn4, M. Robb1, V. Suriyanon3, D. Birx5, D. Celentano2, F. McCutchan1 Two new CRFs and many unique recombinant forms of HIV-1 have been identified among IDU in Thailand, confirming that IDU risks contribute to the genetic complexity of the epidemic. Comprehensive prevention services for IDU and other highly exposed risk groups could help to limit the growing complexity of HIV-1 strains in Thailand. |
| TuAa0202 | HLA-B27-ASSOCIATED CTL ESCAPE MUTATIONS DRAMATICALLY REDUCE VIRAL FITNESS OF HIV-1 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0202 A. Schneidewind1, M. Brockman1, R. Adam1, M. Lahaie1, C. Brander1, A. Kelleher2, B. Walker1, T. Allen1 The selection of high fitness-cost inducing escape mutations within critical regions of HIV-1 capsid may contribute to the immune control associated with HLA-B27. Further insights into the mechanisms of this control will be revealed by analyzing the relationship between escape mutations, viral fitness and host restriction. |
| TuAa0203 | NATURAL RESERVOIRS OF CHIMPANZEE LENTIVIRUSES IDENTICAL TO HIV-1 GROUPS M AND N IN CENTRAL AFRICA. INSIGHT FOR THE ORIGIN OF HIV-1 IN CENTRAL AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0203 H. Hussain This abstract was withdrawn by conference organisers. |
| TuAa0204 | INFECTION WITH SUBTYPE C HIV-1 OF LOWER REPLICATIVE FITNESS AS COMPARED TO SUBTYPES A AND D LEADS TO SLOWER DISEASE PROGRESSION IN ZIMBABWEAN AND UGANDAN WOMEN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0204 E. Arts1, K. Demers1, I. Nankya2, F. Kyeyune2, P. Mugyenyi2, T. Chipato3, N. Padian4, B. van der Pol5, C. Morrison6, R. Salata1 When compared to subtype A and D, reduced replicative fitness of subtype C may be linked to slower disease progression. |
| TuAa0205 | MOLECULAR EVIDENCE OF A NEW CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT FORM (CRF) COMPRISING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 SUBTYPES C AND B IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAa0205 A.F.A. Santos1, T.M. Souza1, E.A.J.M. Soares1, R.B. Lengruber1, A.M.B. Martinez2, E. Sprinz3, J. Silveira4, A. Tanuri1, M.A. Soares1 These mosaics were shown to have a common ancestry and we propose this recombinant form to be termed CRF20_CB. As it represents 11% of the HIV-1 viruses circulating in the southern region of the country, which borders several South American countries, the understanding of its generation and spread is of pivotal importance to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil and in Latin America. |
| Track B | |
| TuAb01 | Antiretroviral Therapy - Trials and Tribulations |
| TuAb0101 | TRANSMISSION OF HIV DRUG RESISTANCE IN EUROPE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0101 A.M. Wensing1, J. Vercauteren2, D.A. Vijver1, J. Albert3, G. Poggensee4, J.-C. Schmit5, D. Struck5, A.M. Vandamme2, B. Åsjö6, C. Balotta7, R. Camacho8, S. Coughlan9, Z. Grossman10, A. Horban11, C. Kücherer12, C. Nielsen13, D. Paraskevis14, E. Puchhammer-Stöckl15, C. Riva7, L. Ruiz16, M. Salminen17, R. Schuurman1, A. Sonnerborg18, M. Stanojevic19, C.A. Boucher1, on behalf of the SPREAD-programme The SPREAD-programme provides the first representative data on transmission of HIV drug-resistance across Europe. The prevalence of 9% baseline resistance in prospectively identified newly diagnosed patients warrants continuous surveillance. |
| TuAb0102 | LONG-TERM CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC OUTCOMES ARE SIMILAR IN HIV-INFECTED PERSONS RANDOMIZED TO NNRTI VS PI VS NNRTI+PI-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMENS AS INITIAL THERAPY: RESULTS OF THE CPCRA 058 FIRST STUDY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0102 R.D. MacArthur1, R.M. Novak2, G. Peng3, L. Chen3, Y. Xiang3, M.J. Kozal4, M. van den Berg-Wolf5, C. Henely6, K. Huppler-Hullsiek3, B. Schmetter7, M. Dehlinger8, for the CPCRA 058 Study Team and the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) NNRTI-based and PI-based strategies for initial therapy do not differ for a composite outcome based on CD4+ cell count decline, AIDS events, and death after a median follow-up of 5 years. The NNRTI strategy was superior virologically to the PI-based strategy. A 3-class strategy is not superior to a 2-class strategy for immunologic or clinical outcomes, and is associated with more drug toxicity. |
| TuAb0103 | 48-WEEK EFFICACY AND SAFETY RESULTS OF SIMPLIFICATION TO SINGLE AGENT LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/R) REGIMEN IN PATIENTS SUPPRESSED BELOW 80 COPIES/ML ON HAART - THE KALMO STUDY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0103 E.P. Nunes1, M.S. Oliveira2, M.M.T.B. Almeida1, J.H. Pilotto2, J.E. Ribeiro2, J.C. Faulhaber1, M. Norton3, M. Schechter1, R. Zajdenverg1 Switching from various triple HAART regimens to LPV/r monotherapy, in patients who were virologically suppressed and without a history of previous virologic failure, was effective, safe and well tolerated through 48 weeks. |
| TuAb0104 | TMC114 PROVIDES DURABLE VIRAL LOAD SUPPRESSION IN TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS: POWER 1 AND 2 COMBINED WEEK 48 ANALYSIS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0104 A. Lazzarin1, F. Queiroz-Telles2, I. Frank3, J. Rockstroh4, S. Walmsley5, E. De Paepe6, T. Vangeneugden6, S. Spinosa-Guzman6, E. Lefebvre7 TMC114/r has demonstrated sustained efficacy in this treatment-experienced population. Its tolerability profile is similar to that of CPIs, with a lower incidence of diarrhea. |
| TuAb0105 | OVERVIEW OF DRUG INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BRECANAVIR (BCV) AND OTHER HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PIS) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0105 M.J. Shelton, S. Ford, M.T. Anderson, S. Murray, J. Ng-Cashin BCV exposure was slightly reduced and LPV was unaffected following coadministration with LPV/r. Exposure to both BCV and ATV were increased following coadministration with ATV/RTV. BCV should not be coadministered with TPV/RTV. BCV appears to have a generally favorable drug interaction profile with LPV/r and ATV, such that significant reductions in plasma exposure are not apparent. |
| TuAb02 | Simplifying Access to Laboratory Monitoring and Diagnosis |
| TuAb0201 | RAPID AND EFFICIENT ACUTE HIV DETECTION BY 4TH GENERATION AG/AB ELISA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0201 R. De Souza1, C. Pilcher2, S. Fiscus2, A. Cachafeiro2, M. Kerkau2, L. Scherer3, R.D. Sperhacke4, M. Silva4, S. Castro3, L.F. Brigido5, R. Ryder2 In a clinic setting with high HIV prevalence and mixed subtypes in Southern Brazil, HIV antibody tests failed to detect 1 to 3% of confirmed HIV infections. Pooled NAAT offered no advantage over 4th generation EIA screening for detection of AHI. Simpler FGEIA screening detects AHI with sufficient accuracy to make acute HIV based prevention strategies feasible in resource limited settings. |
| TuAb0202 | UTILITY OF CLINICAL STAGING, TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS, BODY MASS INDEX AND HEMOGLOBIN IN PREDICTING CD4 COUNTS ≤ 200 CELLS/μL IN RURAL UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0202 D. Moore1, A. Awor2, R. Downing2, W. Were2, P. Solberg2, D. Tu3, R. Hogg4, K. Chan4, J. Mermin2 Diagnostic algorithms using TLCs and Hb performed with less accuracy than in previous studies. TLCs may be useful in determining which patients require ART in tropical African countries, but do not precisely predict low CD4 counts. |
| TuAb0203 | EVALUATION OF DRIED BLOOD SPOTS (DBS) FOR DETECTION OF HIV DNA USING PCR IN HIV-EXPOSED INFANTS IN RWANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0203 L.M.F. Gonzalez1, P. Rugimbanya2, R. Sahabo1, E. Abrams3, W. El-Sadr3, A. Tanuri4 Extraction of HIV DNA from DBS appears to be a highly sensitive and specific method to detect HIV infection, comparable to using whole blood samples. DBS provide a good tool to perform infant diagnostic testing in the field.11 clinical sites are now using DBS in Rwanda. |
| TuAb0204 | EVALUATION OF THE CAVIDI EXAVIR™ LOAD QUANTITATIVE HIV RT LOAD IT AS AN ALTERNATIVE HIV VIRAL LOAD MONITORING TEST FOR USE IN RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED SETTINGS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0204 V. Greengrass, P. Steele, M. Plate, L. Morris, S. Crowe The HIV RT assay showed good association with the RT-PCR assay, and has sensitivity approaching that of RTPCR. The HIV RT assay was reproducible using smaller sample volumes making it useful for paediatric testing. |
| TuAb0205 | EVALUATION OF TWO VOLUMETRIC FLOW CYTOMETERS FOR THE QUANTITATION OF CD4+ T CELLS IN THAI HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0205 Y. Phuang-ngern1, V. Pobkeeree2, S. Lerdwana1, E. Noulsri1, N. Onlamoon1, S. Nookhai2, K. Sukapirom1, K. Fox3, J. Tappero2, K. Pattanapanyasat1 The volumetric CyFlowgreen FCM and Guava PCA system performed well relative to the two standard bead-based systems. Use of these new technologies could make CD4+ T cell enumeration more affordable in Thailand and other resourcepoor settings. |
| TuAb03 | Viral Infections and Malignancies - It's the Other Virus, Stupid |
| TuAb0301 | THREE YEARS ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE IN HIV/HCV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED FOR A CHRONIC HCV INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0301 F. Carrat1, P. Cacoub2, S. Pol3, C. Goujard4, L. Piroth5, P. Morand6, D. Salmon-Céron7, G. Pialoux8, C. Azzag-Benredjem9, P. Bedossa10, C. Perronne11, F. Bani-Sadr9, the ANRS CO7 cohort study team Extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis are associated with ELD events which disappear in HIV/HCV co-infected treated patients with sustained virological response. |
| TuAb0302 | HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUS COINFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH HIV IN TREAT ASIA HIV OBSERVATIONAL DATABASE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0302 J. Zhou1, G. Dore1, Y.-M.A. Chen2, M. Law1, on behalf of TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database Hepatitis testing data are available on about half of the TAHOD patients, with both prevalence of HBV and HCV around 10%. No significant differences in terms of immunological and virological response to antiretroviral treatment combination were seen between patients with or without hepatitis. Overall survival was also similar in co-infected patients. |
| TuAb0303 | PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS OF THE CERVIX IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0303 G. Parham1, V. Sahasrabuddhe2, S. Vermund2, B. Shepherd2, E. Stringer1, M. Mwanahamuntu3 The high prevalence of abnormal squamous cytology in our study is one of the highest reported in any population worldwide. It is essential to develop, implement, and evaluate cost-effective screening tests and appropriate treatment protocols for HIV-infected women in resource limited settings who, on antiretroviral therapy, may live long enough to develop HPV-induced invasive cervical cancer. |
| TuAb0304 | RISK FACTORS TO CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA RECURRENCE AFTER LOOP ELECTROSURGICAL EXCISION PROCEDURE IN HIV-1-INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED WOMEN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0304 M.I.M. Lima1, V.H. Melo2, C.P. Tafuri3, A.C.L. Araujo3, L.M. Lima4, H.C. Oliveira4, I.M. Faria2, C.M. Corrêa2, F.M. Faria2, T.T. Souza2, C.T.C. Lodi5, N.C.P. Teixeira5, M.D.C. Guimaraes2, Research Group Women and HIV Main risk factors associated to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia recurrence after loop electrosurgical excision procedure were HIV-1-infection, glandular involvement and compromised margins in cone biopsy. |
| TuAb0305 | DRAMATIC INCREASE IN THE INCIDENCE OF ANAL CANCER DESPITE HAART IN THE FRENCH HOSPITAL DATABASE OF HIV Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAb0305 C. Piketty1, H. Selinger-Leneman2, S. Grabar3, C. Duvivier4, M. Bonmarchand4, L. Abramowitz5, D. Costagliola2, M. Mary-Krause2 Incidence of anal cancer among HIV-infected patients has increased since 1999. Although some ascertainment bias cannot be excluded, the data indicate that HAART exhibited no favorable effect on the incidence of anal cancer and support the urgent need for developing anal cancer screening programs for HIV-infected individuals, whether untreated or under HAART. |
| Track C | |
| TuAc01 | Taking the Next Steps: Innovations in and Scale Up of Counselling and Testing Approaches |
| TuAc0101 | DISTRICT-WIDE, DOOR-TO-DOOR, HOME-BASED HIV VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING AND TESTING IN RURAL UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0101 F. Nuwaha1, E. Muganzi2, S. Kasasa3, M. Achom4, R. Bunnel4, D. Kabatesi4, J. Mermin4, E. Tumwesigye2 In less than a year, the proportion ever having received an HIV test increased rapidly from <10% to 84% in the population covered, demonstrating that home-based counselling and testing is feasible in this setting, has high uptake and supports linkage to care. |
| TuAc0102 | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING: FINDINGS FROM CAMBODIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0102 C. Ly1, P. Keo1, V. Khim1, H. Kheng2, K. O'Connell1, N. Likhite2 Demand for VCT is high and Cambodians appear informed about its benefits. However, few have actually been tested for HIV, particularly in rural areas. Providers must deliver counseling to all clients regardless of serostatus. They must also prevent a false sense of security among patients who test negative and encourage them to practice safe sexual behavior. |
| TuAc0103 | THE RAPID EXPANSION OF HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING IN BOTSWANA THROUGH A STRATEGIC MIX OF SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS – LESSONS LEARNED 2000 TO 2004 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0103 M.G. Alwano1, D. Fleming2, T.H. Roels2, M. Kejelepula3, T. Tomeletso3, R. Molosiwa4, P.H. Kilmarx2 In high-prevalence settings such as Botswana, client-initiated HIV CT models (Tebelopele) may be implemented side by side with provider-initiated models such as the "opt-out, non-compulsory" HIV testing. |
| TuAc0104 | COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING (VCT) IN TANZANIA: UPTAKE, QUALITY, AND COSTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0104 M. Péchevis1, P. Urassa2, K. Lema3, G. Mbekem3, M.-L. Kürzinger1, A. Reeler1, J.F. Richardson4, R. Swai2, J.G. Kahn5, E. Lugada6 Integrated VCT can contribute effectively to detection of HIV cases because patients attending health facilities have a higher chance of being HIV-infected. In addition, the linkage to care and ARVs is strengthened. |
| TuAc0105 | FALSE POSITIVE ORAL FLUID RAPID HIV TESTS IN SAN FRANCISCO PROMPT NEW TESTING PROTOCOL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0105 T. Dowling, S. Facente Given the lower-than-expected specificity of the OraQuick rapid HIV test when used with oral fluid, we have changed our testing protocol. |
| TuAc02 | Male Circumcision: Is it Time to Act? |
| TuAc0201 | A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF MALE CIRCUMCISION TO REDUCE HIV INCIDENCE IN KISUMU, KENYA: PROGRESS TO DATE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0201 R.C. Bailey1, S. Moses2, K. Agot3, C.B. Parker4, I. Maclean5, J.O. Ndinya-Achola6 Recruitment was completed September 2005. Final results will be available 24 months thereafter. An interim analysis will be presented to the DSMB in June 2006. The investigators are blinded to study arm, but overall HIV incidence and loss-to-follow-up are consistent with our original assumptions, and rates of cross-over are less than expected. |
| TuAc0202 | MALE CIRCUMCISION AND HIV INFECTION RISK AMONG TEA PLANTATION RESIDENTS IN KERICHO, KENYA: INCIDENCE RESULTS AFTER 1.5 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0202 W.B. Sateren1, C.T. Bautista1, D.N. Shaffer2, G. Foglia3, M. Wassuna4, S. Kiplangat2, F. Sawe2, D.E. Singer1, M. Robb1, N. Michael1, D.L. Birx5 Circumcision plays an important role in a reduced risk of HIV infection among men. |
| TuAc0203 | THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF EXPANDED MALE CIRCUMCISION PROGRAMS IN AFRICA: PREDICTING THE POPULATION-LEVEL IMPACT ON HETEROSEXUAL HIV TRANSMISSION IN SOWETO Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0203 K. Mesesan1, D.K. Owens2, A.D. Paltiel1 For South Africa and countries with similar epidemic profiles, even modest programs offering male circumcision would confer enormous benefits in terms of HIV infections averted. Because increases in sexual risk behaviors could diminish these benefits, programs should continue emphasizing risk-reduction counseling. |
| TuAc0204 | COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF MALE CIRCUMCISION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0204 J.G. Kahn1, E. Marseille2, B. Auvert3 In settings in sub-Saharan Africa with high or moderate HIV prevalence among the general population, adult male circumcision appears very cost-effective and, when adjusted for averted HIV medical costs, cost-saving. |
| TuAc0205 | MALE CIRCUMCISION IN SIAYA AND BONDO DISTRICTS, KENYA: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY TO ASSESS BEHAVIOURAL DISINHIBITION FOLLOWING CIRCUMCISION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0205 K. Agot1, J. Kiarie2, H. Nguyen3, J. Odhiambo1, T. Onyango4, N. Weiss3 During the first year post-circumcision, men did not engage in risky sexual behaviors to a greater degree than did uncircumcised men. These results suggest that, within the context of adequate counseling on risk reduction, any protective effect of male circumcision on HIV acquisition is not likely to be appreciably offset by an adverse behavioral impact. |
| TuAc03 | Getting to the Point: New Challenges and Solutions for IDU's |
| TuAc0301 | CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG INJECTION DRUG USERS IN CANADA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0301 D. Paquette1, Y. Choudhri1, M. Hennink2, P. Millson3, C. Morissette4, M. Fyfe5, S. Snelling6, J. Wylie7, C. Archibald1, the I-Track Study Team Young IDU are an important group for HIV prevention activities, given their high rates of risky behaviours. Their lower prevalence of HIV infection, which likely reflects fewer years of potential exposure to HIV, indicates that there is an opportunity to avoid later infections by targeting interventions to young IDU. |
| TuAc0302 | HIGH RISK SEXUAL AND DRUG USING BEHAVIORS AMONG MALE INJECTION DRUG USERS WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN TWO MEXICO - U. S. BORDER CITIES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0302 R. Deiss1, K. Brouwer1, O. Loza1, R. Ramos2, R. Lozada3, M. Firestone1, T. Patterson4, C. Magis-Rodriguez5, S. Strathdee1 In these Mexican-U.S. border cities, the proportion of male IDUs who reported MSM was high, and these men engaged in behaviors placing them at high risk of acquiring HIV and STDs. Culturally-appropriate interventions targeting MSM/ IDUs in this setting are warranted. |
| TuAc0303 | THE RESULTS FROM THE THREE-YEAR EVALUATION OF VANCOUVER'S SUPERVISED INJECTION FACILITY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0303 Kerr T., Tyndall M., Small W., Lai C., Li K., Montaner J., Wood E. The Vancouver SIF has been well accepted by the target population, and positive impacts have been observed, including reductions in HIV risk behaviour and increased uptake of addiction programs. Overall findings suggest that the SIF has been a successful public health intervention for reducing HIV risk and other harms of injection drug use. |
| TuAc0304 | PREVALENCE OF HIV, VIRAL HEPATITIS, SYPHILIS AND RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS IN KABUL, AFGHANISTAN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0304 C.S. Todd1, A. Abed2, S.A. Strathdee1, B.A. Botros3, N. Safi4, K.C. Earhart3 These preliminary data confirm that HIV is present in Afghanistan. Conditions exist for rapid spread of HIV, other blood-borne infections and sexually-transmitted infections among IDUs and the general population indicating the urgent need to fund and scale-up appropriate interventions in the clinical settings, detention centers, and other facilities serving IDUs. |
| TuAc0305 | DEMONSTRATED EFFICACY OF A PEER-MENTORING INTERVENTION TO REDUCE HIGH RISK INJECTION BEHAVIORS AMONG YOUNG HCVINFECTED IDUS: THE STUDY TO REDUCE INTRAVENOUS EXPOSURES (STRIVE) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0305 S. Strathdee1, H. Hagan2, E. Golub3, F. Kapadia4, J. Campbell5, R. Garfein1, D. Thomas6, S. Bonner4, T. King Thiel7, M. Latka4, STRIVE Project Our peer mentoring intervention was significantly associated with reductions in HIV/HCV transmission-associated injection behaviors among IDUs in three U.S. cities. Most risk reductions were maintained after six months and behavior changes appeared to be mediated through increases in self-efficacy. This intervention has significant promise in reducing the spread of HCV and HIV among young IDUs who continue to practice high-risk injection behaviors. |
| TuAc04 | Tracking the Epidemic: Modelling and Methodological Issues |
| TuAc0401 | FOUR CITIES MODELLING: #2 THE DYNAMIC IMPACT OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AND CURABLE STIS ON THE HETEROGENEITY OF HIV EPIDEMICS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - SIMULATION RESULTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0401 K.K. Orroth1, R.G. White2, E.E. Freeman3, R. Bakker4, J.D.F. Habbema4, A. Buve5, M.C. Boily6, J.R. Glynn1, R.J. Hayes1 Lack of male circumcision in East Africa may help explain the development of heterogeneous HIV epidemics in SSA. Model simulations suggest this may be due to higher historical chancroid prevalence in uncircumcised populations, although caution is required given the lack of empirical data on chancroid. |
| TuAc0402 | MODELING THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF RAPID POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR THE CONTROL OF HIV AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONGST FEMALE SEX WORKERS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0402 P. Vickerman1, C. Watts1, R. Peeling2, D. Mabey1, M. Alary3 POC tests can be a cost-effective strategy for substantially increasing the impact on HIV transmission, and decreasing the over-treatment of STI treatment interventions that use syndromic management to diagnose Ng/Ct. |
| TuAc0403 | A GEOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO MAPPING HIGH RISK LOCATIONS FOR SCALING UP OF HIV PREVENTION PROGRAM IN KARNATAKA, A SOUTHERN INDIAN STATE: METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0403 B.M. Ramesh1, N. Shiv Kumar2, J.F. Blanchard3 This mapping methodology is simple, rapid, scalable and accurate and should be assessed in other settings. Additional approaches are needed for mapping MSMs and IDUs. |
| TuAc0404 | SIZE ESTIMATION OF MSM AND METHODOLOGY STUDY IN KUNMING, YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0404 Y. Zhang1, Y. Deng2 The combination of capture-recapture method and enumeration method can accurately estimate the size of MSM frequently visiting public places. The combination of online survey and field survey, with complementary divisor method and multiplier method, can produce highly reliable estimates. The application of various methodologies is logic and systematic. |
| TuAc0405 | USING MULTIPLIER METHODS TO ESTIMATE THE SIZE OF FEMALE SEX WORKER POPULATION BASED ON THE HIV/AIDS BEHAVIOURAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN TWO CHINESE CITIES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0405 D. Zhang1, L. Wang2, F. Lv3, P. Bi4 This method is straightforward and cost-effective especially suitable to countries where HIV behavioural surveillance has been established in HIV/AIDS risk populations. Combing with HIV/AIDS behavioural surveillance system, this method could be used to generate the estimation in a broader area and indicate secular change in the FSW population size overtime. |
| TuAc05 | Dealing with Double Trouble: Advances in STI and HIV Prevention |
| TuAc0501 | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 (HSV-2) SUPPRESSIVE THERAPY TO REDUCE GENITAL AND PLASMA HIV-1 RNA: OVERVIEW OF ANRS 1285 TRIALS, POTENTIAL MECHANISMS AND FUTURE INTERVENTIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0501 P. Mayaud1, A. Ouedraogo2, N. Nagot1, I. Konate2, L. Vergne2, H. Weiss1, A. Sanon2, P. Van de Perre3, ANRS1285 Study Group The ANRS1285 trials are the first to demonstrate impact of HSV on HIV transmissibility in vivo. If confirmed by ongoing intervention trials, these findings support an important role of HSV-2 control in HIV prevention. Additionally, our data provide rationale for interventions evaluating the impact of (val)acyclovir on HIV immunological and virological correlates. |
| TuAc0502 | THE IMPACT OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF AN STI/BEHAVIORAL PREVENTION INTERVENTION ON HIV AND STI INCIDENCE AMONG HIGH RISK MEN IN MUMBAI, INDIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0502 C. Lindan1, M. Ekstrand2, M. Mathur3, M. McGuire4, A. Hernandez5, S. Gregorich6, J. Moncada7, J. Klausner8, L. Borges9, H. Jerajani10 Both arms showed a significant reduction in STIs and low HIV incidence, accompanied by changes in sexual risk. These results support the use of etiologically based STI treatment and individualized counseling to reduce new infections. These basic services should be incorporated into existing clinics and programs in India. The addition of a behavioral intervention did not further improve biological outcomes. |
| TuAc0503 | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HIV ACQUISITION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0503 B. van der Pol1, C. Kwok2, A. Rinaldi3, R. Salata4, F. Mmiro5, R. Mugerwa5, T. Chipato6, C. Morrison3 TV is strongly associated with increased risk for HIV infection in this population of African women. Few longitudinal studies have examined the effect of TV infection on HIV acquisition using PCR rather than wet mount. In this study, sensitivity of wet mount was only 44%, resulting in many untreated infections. Given the high prevalence of TV in HIV-endemic areas, TV treatment may have a substantial impact on preventing HIV acquisition among women. |
| TuAc0504 | ANAL SEXUALLY TRANSMISSIBLE INFECTIONS AS RISK FACTORS FOR HIV SEROCONVERSION: DATA FROM THE HIM COHORT Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0504 F. Jin1, G. Prestage1, L. Mao2, S. Kippax2, C. Pell3, B. Donovan1, D. Templeton1, P. Cunningham4, J. Kaldor1, A. Grulich1 HIV incidence in homosexual men in Sydney is about 1%. In addition to receptive UAI with HIV status unknown or HIV positive partners, certain anal STIs were independently associated with HIV seroconversion. Asymptomatic anal STIs may be important cofactors in HIV transmission. These findings suggest that frequent sexual health screening and prompt treatment of anal STIs may be an important means of HIV prevention in homosexual men. |
| TuAc0505 | IS THE OCCURRENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS RELATED TO SEROCONVERSION AMONG HIV DISCORDANT COUPLES? Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAc0505 J. Rufagari M.1, B. Bekan Homawoo1, S. Marion-Landais1, S. Allen2, Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group Early diagnosis and treatment of STI can significantly reduce HIV transmission among discordant couples. When clinically indicated, treatment can serve as an effective tool for HIV prevention in addition to condom use and behavioral interventions. With proper education and counseling, discordant couples may be more inclined to report STI symptoms to their doctors or local health centers, thereby decreasing their risk of HIV transmission. In addition, policymakers should prioritize STI management on the public health agenda in order to make a substantial impact on HIV incidence in their communities. |
| Track D | |
| TuAd01 | Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of People living with HIV |
| TuAd0101 | ASSESSING THE FERTILITY INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIORS OF HIV POSITIVE MEN UTILIZING AN URBAN CLINIC IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0101 A. Weinberg This study showed that men want to and expect to discuss sex and HIV prevention with their clinician. Clinicians should be assessing fertility intentions and family planning expectations of all their patients. |
| TuAd0102 | SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOUR IN REGULAR PARTNER RELATIONSHIPS IS STILL A CONCERN AMONG PLHA RECEIVING HAART: EXPERIENCES FROM MOMBASA, KENYA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0102 A. Sarna1, S. Luchters2, S. Geibel3, S. Kaai3, P. Munyao2, K. Shikely4, K. Mandaliya4, J. van Dam5, M. Temmerman2 This study does not show that sexual risk behaviour increases with HAART. Despite low overall risk behaviour, considerable risk of HIV-transmission still remains, especially in relationships with regular partners, due to a lack of knowledge of partner's sero-status, low disclosure rates coupled with inconsistent condom use. Integrated ART and prevention programs are needed. |
| TuAd0103 | SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN FRANCE – RESULTS OF A LARGE REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF OUTPATIENTS ATTENDING FRENCH HOSPITALS (ANRS-EN12-VESPA) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0103 A.-D. Bouhnik1, M. Préau1, M.-A. Schiltz2, Y. Obadia1, B. Spire1, VESPA study group HIV and treatment experience are associated with sexual dysfunction. Psychological support focused on HIV experience should be tested as a tool to improve sexual quality of life. |
| TuAd0104 | PERCEPTIONS OF HIV POSITIVE SWAZI WOMEN ON CHILDBEARING Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0104 N.A. Sukati, P. Shabangu Knowledge about one's HIV status had limited influence on decision-making about childbearing, cultural expectations override. Status disclosure is difficult for women for fear of violence, abandonment and financial insecurity. Nurses need sufficient training to develop sensitivity toward HIV positive women's reproductive needs. |
| TuAd0105 | REPRODUCTIVE DESIRES OF MEN AND WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV IN BRAZIL: A CHALLENGE FOR HEALTH CARE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0105 V. Paiva1, N. Santos2, I. França Jr3, V.-F. Elvira2, J.R. Ayres4, A. Segurado5 In contrast with previous studies in developed countries, this study demonstrated significant differences between men and women. Desire may be stronger among men, but usually parenthood is integrated as a female issue in most health services. Access to moral free objective information about reproductive options and rights, and male involvement in reproductive health care are important challenges for the organisation of services. |
| TuAd02 | Achieving access to prevention, care and treatment |
| TuAd0201 | COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF INITIATING AND MONITORING HAART BASED ON WHO VERSUS US DHHS GUIDELINES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0201 A. Vijayaraghavan1, M. Efrusy1, P. Mazonson1, O. Ebrahim2, I. Sanne3, C. Santas1, G. Sanders4 Including the effects on decreased transmission, treating HIV patients in some developing world countries according to US versus WHO guidelines is highly cost effective, at 79% of South African per capita GDP. Adding indirect costs (without transmission) makes implementing US DHHS guidelines even more cost-effective at 27% of South African GDP. Over a five-year period, treating all HIV patients in South Africa according to US DHHS versus WHO guidelines would increase direct medical costs by US$14.5 billion but would result in approximately 400,000 fewer deaths and 1.1 million fewer new AIDS cases. |
| TuAd0202 | PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS AND ACCESS TO HIV/AIDS TREATMENTS: THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0202 C.M. Meiners1, J. Chauveau2, S. Luchini3, J.-P. Moatti2, ANRS/ETAPSUD Generic competition generated by local ARV production has been a key determinant of ARV price decrease. Nevertheless, ARV drugs still account for almost half of the total cost of the whole Brazilian AIDS programme. Issues regarding intellectual property rights remain crucial to allow long term sustainability of price reduction and access to most recent therapeutic advances in Brazil. |
| TuAd0203 | THE IMPACT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR FAMILIES: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL WESTERN KENYA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0203 H. Thirumurthy1, J. Graff Zivin2, M.P. Goldstein3 ART resulted in a rapid increase in employment for patients and reduced the need to work among boys living with patients. The reduction in child labor due to ART could also result in improved nutritional and schooling outcomes for children. The results demonstrate that ART provides significant non-health benefits for individuals and households in resource-poor settings. |
| TuAd0204 | NEGOTIATING ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG PRICES TO INCREASE ACCESS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0204 E.C. Seoane Vazquez1, R. Rodriguez-Monguio2 Successful development and implementation of multinational price negotiations require that participant countries coordinate regulations and policies related to drug registration, quality and bioequivalence, international trade, intellectual property, and procurement. At the national level, more efficient use of resources could be achieved upon coordination of each country's various health care programs; improvement of the countries' epidemiological and information systems; and strengthening of the procurement and distribution systems. |
| TuAd0205 | FUNDING HIV PREVENTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EQUITY VS. EFFICIENCY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAd0205 A. Lasry1, G.S. Zaric2, M.W. Carter3 HIV resource allocation approaches strongly influence epidemic outcomes and serious consideration should be given to optimizing the lower levels of decision-making. The importance of the HIV allocation approaches increases when resources are more constrained. Decision-makers should not focus solely on higher level allocations; this can yield ineffective use of scarce resources. |
| Track E | |
| TuAe01 | Prickly Issues: Drug Use Policies and Practices |
| TuAe0101 | NOTHING ABOUT US WITHOUT US: GREATER, MEANINGFUL INVOLVEMENT OF DRUG USERS IN THE RESPONSE TO HIV/AIDS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0101 R. Jürgens1, R. Elliott2, J. Csete2, D. Palmer3, A. Livingston4, G. Liang4, T. Kerr5 It is time to move from commitment to greater involvement in principle to ensuring involvement in practice. The project makes a series of concrete recommendations aimed at ensuring greater, meaningful, and sustained involvement, including: explicit recognition by governments of the value of such involvement; funding for drug user organizations; and creating the conditions under which users can effectively participate in consultative processes, decision-making or policy-making bodies and advisory structures. |
| TuAe0102 | HIV PREVENTION FOR IDUS IN CHINA AND VIETNAM: THE PROBLEM OF INCONSISTENT POLICIES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0102 T.M. Hammett1, D.C. Des Jarlais2 Multisectoral training and policy analysis are needed to harmonize law and policy and forge a truly enabling environment in which HIV prevention interventions for IDUs can achieve their best effects. |
| TuAe0103 | ADDRESSING HIV/AIDS AMONG IDUS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THAILAND Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0103 L. Khondkar Better inter-sectoral collaboration needs to be promoted between the drug control and HIV/AIDS agencies. It is crucial to change laws and policies that prevent IDUs from accessing services. Stigma and discrimination that drive them underground and undermine prevention efforts must be eliminated. Government should ensure their meaningful participation in developing national AIDS plans and implementing HIV prevention and treatment programs. Public health rationale based on scientific evidence must prevail against moralistic arguments and judgmental attitudes. Instead of victimization, criminalization, and marginalization protecting human rights of IDUs should be central while addressing HIV/AIDS among them. |
| TuAe0104 | INTERGRATING HARM REDUCTION AND LEGAL AID SERVICES FOR MARGINALIZED GROUPS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0104 A. Tolopilo In order to scale up access to legal aid for marginalized groups following elements are necessary: developing regular communication and networking between legal aid projects; continuous training program for young lawyers and law students, including internship in the model outreach based projects; case litigation and case follow up with effective media work; preparing community experts from IDUs/PLWHA. |
| TuAe0105 | BARRIERS TO ACCESS TO NEEDLE AND SYRINGE PROGRAMS IN CANADA: LEGAL, POLICY, AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0105 A. Klein, J. Csete, R. Pearshouse, R. Elliott Laws criminalizing possession of injection equipment should be repealed. Funding choices should reflect the proven cost-effectiveness of NSPs, rather than ideological views about drug use. Police should be trained to ensure that criminal law enforcement operates in harmony with the public health goals of NSPs. Communities should be educated so that they may view NSPs as health services and should be disabused of any misconceptions about the effects of NSPs on neighbourhoods. |
| TuAe02 | Asserting Children's Rights in the Era of HIV |
| TuAe0201 | VIDEO, MEMORY AND PARTICIPATION: WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM AIDS OVCS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0201 E. Gottesman Eric Gottesman will present recent videos produced by Sudden Flower Productions and will talk about the issues that come up when using participatory documentary techniques with children affected by AIDS in Ethiopia. This limitedscope project suggests that to incorporating children affected by HIV/AIDS into program design may improve the effectiveness of the programming of aid agencies, and will contribute to a fuller understanding of the issues on the part of policymakers and public advocates. |
| TuAe0202 | HUMAN RIGHTS IMPLICATIONS OF AIDS-AFFECTED CHILDREN'S UNEQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0202 J. Cohen1, H. Epstein2, J. Amon3 Governments should address AIDS-affected children's access to education as an issue of systemic discrimination, analogous to disparate education rates between boys and girls. Unlike direct or intentional discrimination, systemic discrimination stems from underlying factors such as the erosion of extended-family safety nets due to HIV/AIDS. Recommended actions thus include strengthening the capacity of community-based organizations to care for AIDS-affected children and developing national foster care policies. |
| TuAe0203 | DEVELOPING ADVOCACY LEADERS AMONG CHILDREN ORPHANED BY HIV AND AIDS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0203 J. Sundersingh1, M.J. Paul2 Recognize Advocacy through children forum and replicated in HIV highprevalent districts. Involve empowered affected children in designing children programs and policies. |
| TuAe0204 | THE CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CARE TAKERS IN IMPLEMENTING THE RIGHT TO HEALTH FOR THE CHILDREN RECEIVING ANTIRETORVIRAL THERAPY: A CASE OF THE JOINT CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE, UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0204 G. Barungi1, N. Kakande2 Caretakers of children on ARVs have economic and psychosocial problems, which affect the quality of care the children receive. Provision of ARVs should go along with other components of the Right to Health. Advocacy is required yet still limited. The Human Rights Law on children health rights requires more reinforcement and enforcement. |
| TuAe0205 | TRAINING HEALTH PRACTITIONERS IN HUMAN RIGHTS, ETHICS AND LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF PEDIATRIC HIV/AIDS CARE IN BOTSWANA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0205 P. Navario1, K. Kenyon2, E. Maxwell3 Botswana law relating to children needs to be clarified. The definition of a child needs to be made consistent through domestic law. Clear procedures are required regarding consent for orphans and for children with informal guardians. Guidelines are needed on the available options for medical practitioners where parents/guardians refuse essential medical care. Ongoing collaboration should be undertaken between civil society and health care practitioners in order to facilitate shared learning and initiate lobbying for legal change. |
| TuAe03 | Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials: Tenofovir and Beyond |
| TuAe0301 | MAKING THE ETHICAL FEASIBLE: ASSURING FUTURE ACCESS TO CARE TO THOSE WHO SERO-CONVERT IN MICROBICIDE TRIALS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0301 A. Forbes Public concern about HIV prevention trial ethics reached a flashpoint when clinical trials to test the potential efficacy of tenofovir as a pre-exposure prophylaxis were halted by intense controversy. One contested issue was the future provision of antiretroviral treatment to those who sero-convert during a trial – generally known as "access to care". Existing social and political realities now make access to care essential to a trial's ability to go forward but assuring it in resource poor settings is complex. Care providers, even major international development agencies, may come and go. Trial sponsors also come and go. But providing treatment is not a transitory commitment. |
| TuAe0302 | REVISITING THE ETHICS OF HIV PREVENTION RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0302 C. Weijer1, G. LeBlanc2 Moral negotiation, rather than moral obligation, reduces the chance of polarization of positions by inviting trial participants, sponsors, researchers and all other involved parties to the table for discussion. Moral negotiation favors middle ground solutions that fit the specific health needs and priorities of the community in question. |
| TuAe0303 | OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES OF PREVENTION RESEARCH: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE TENOFOVIR PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS TRIALS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0303 Y. Halima Mutual learning from these studies will inform existing PREP research and future prevention trials. IAS is working with other agencies to develop consensus guidance for HIV prevention research in resource-constrained countries. |
| TuAe0304 | BEYOND THE CHECKLIST: ASSESSING UNDERSTANDING OF PARTICIPATION IN HIV VACCINE TRIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0304 G. Lindegger1, X. Xaba1, C. Milford1, C. Slack1, M. Quayle1, E. Vardas2 Levels of understanding are a function of the assessment method used. Scores derived from self-report and forcedchoice checklists consistently yielded highest estimates of understanding compared to the narrative and vignettes. This suggests that closed-ended measures may over-estimate understanding of trial components. We suggest that closed-ended measures, like checklists, should be complemented with open-ended measures of understanding in order to obtain more reliable levels of understanding. Efforts should be undertaken to commit the necessary time and training to effect this. |
| TuAe0305 | INFLUENCING LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER TO IMPROVE RESEARCH ETHICS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAe0305 H. Fischer, P. Fabrice Levels of understanding are a function of the assessment method used. Scores derived from self-report and forcedchoice checklists consistently yielded highest estimates of understanding compared to the narrative and vignettes. This suggests that closed-ended measures may over-estimate understanding of trial components. We suggest that closed-ended measures, like checklists, should be complemented with open-ended measures of understanding in order to obtain more reliable levels of understanding. Efforts should be undertaken to commit the necessary time and training to effect this. |
| Cross Track | |
| TuAx01 | Sex, Drugs and ARVs Behind Prison Bars |
| TuAx0101 | INSIDE VOICES SPEAK OUT-PRISONERS SHARE STORIES OF LIVING WITH HIV AND HCV Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0101 C. McCollum1, T. Howard2 To improve access to harm reduction materials and health care for HIV/HCV positive prisoners as provided by CSC directives and regulations. Ensure accountability of provision of harm reduction tools to prisoners on living units (ie. put "directives" into practice). |
| TuAx0102 | CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SCALING UP HIV/AIDS CARE IN PRISONS: A CASE STUDY FROM ZAMBIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0102 O. Simooya, N. Sanjobo HIV/AIDS counselling, testing and care facilities are feasible, desirable and urgently needed in prisons. |
| TuAx0103 | FROM EVIDENCE TO COMMITMENT TO ACTION: IMPLEMENTING HIV PREVENTION MEASURES IN PRISONS IN UKRAINE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0103 R. Jürgens1, N. Kozhan2, V. Klisha2, S. Ivantchenko3, V. Serdiuk4, M. MacDonald5 Effective partnerships can be created between prison systems and NGOs in Eastern Europe and NGOs in Western countries. A series of well-planned steps, including research, study tours, and trainings, can create the conditions for implementation of measures such as needle exchange programs in prisons. Monitoring and evaluation of these programs are important for efforts to scale up such programs not only in Ukraine, but also in other countries. |
| TuAx0104 | INJECTING REASON: PRISON SYRINGE EXCHANGE AND THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0104 R. Lines European Human Rights Law can be used by HIV/AIDS and prisoners' rights advocates in Council of Europe countries as a tool to challenge governments to implement prison syringe exchange programmes. |
| TuAx0105 | INDONESIA INTRODUCES THE FIRST PRISON METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT (PMMT) IN ASIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0105 I. Atmosukarto1, I. Winarso1, A.A.G. Hartawan2, P.A. Primatanti2 It is feasible to provide methadone maintenance treatment to prisoners in Indonesia. Recently, PMMT has expanded to allow prisoners commence treatment in prison. There is justification to expand PMMT in Indonesia and to introduce PMMT in developing countries where large numbers of injectors are imprisoned and community methadone programs exist. |
| TuAx02 | Non-Injecting Drug Use Risks: Facts and Fury! |
| TuAx0201 | EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND CRACK/COCAINE USE ON VIROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASE PROGRESSION IN A COHORT OF U.S. WOMEN WITH HIV/AIDS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0201 J. Cook1, J. Burke-Miller1, D. Grey1, M. Cohen2, R. Cook3, D. Vlahav4, F. Kapadia4, T. Wilson5, R. Schwartz5, E. Golub6, K. Anastos7, C. Ponath8, L. Goparaju9, J. Richardson10 Women with HIV/AIDS, at-risk alcohol, and any crack/cocaine use are at considerable risk of rapid virological and immunological disease progression. These effects are independent of HAART use and adherence, although HAART use and adherence are related to better HIV-RNA outcomes. At risk alcohol and crack use may affect disease progression via HAART use and adherence, health behaviors such as nutrition, psychological influences such as depression or anxiety, or through direct biological effects. |
| TuAx0202 | POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS (PTSD), DEPRESSION, ALCOHOL USE AND HIV/AIDS RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG ANGOLAN SOLDIERS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0202 E. Bing1, K. Cheng1, D. Ortiz1, R. Ovalle-Bahamon1, F. Ernesto2, F. Joao de Deus2 Soldiers experiencing PTSD, depression and/or alcohol-related problems may engage in sexual behaviors that increase their risk for HIV/AIDS infection. Interventions to decrease HIV/AIDS risk among soldiers should address emotional problems common among soldiers as well as behavioral factors that increase risk. |
| TuAx0203 | CRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE USE AND PARTICIPATION IN UNSAFE SEX AMONG POLY-DRUG USING MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0203 S.L. Bullock1, T. Myers2, L. Calzavara2, D. Allman3, M. Millson2, B. Fischer4 Preliminary results support the association between Meth use and participation in unsafe sex, although no causal association can be assessed. The relative importance of Meth and other sex drugs such as poppers, Viagra, crack and ecstasy are explored. Implications of non-dependent Meth use and the context of its use in the will be discussed. |
| TuAx0204 | METHAMPHETAMINE AND AMPHETAMINE USE AND SEXUAL RISK AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN: FINDINGS FROM THE CDC NATIONAL HIV BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0204 A. Drake, G. Mansergh, P. Sullivan The use of meth/amphetamines and its association with sexual risk taking among MSM poses a challenge for HIV prevention efforts in the United States. The increased risk of HIV transmission-related behaviors among meth/amphetamine users suggest the need for comprehensive risk reduction efforts that integrate drug treatment and HIV prevention. |
| TuAx0205 | RISK OF TRANSITION FROM NON-INJECTION TO INJECTION DRUG USE AMONG HEROIN AND CRACK USERS IN NEW YORK CITY, 2000 – 2004 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuAx0205 C.M. Fuller1, D. Ompad2, Y. Wu2, E. Benjamin2, S. Galea3, D. Vlahov2 These data suggest that both sexual and peer drug-use networks could inform social network-based prevention strategies. Juvenile detention venues would also be practical venues for prevention programs. This is the first study to identify sexual minorities at increased risk for injection drug use and warrants further investigation. Finally, these data reflect context of minority inner city disadvantaged neighborhoods where issues of race/ethnicity also merit additional investigation. |
| Poster Discussions | |
| Track A | |
| TUPDA | Innate Immunity and Dendritic Cells |
| TuPdA01 | GBV-C – ASSOCIATED ACTIVATION OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS AND INTERFERON-SYSTEM IN HIV CO-INFECTED PERSONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA01 Lalle E.1, Martini F.2, Sacchi A.2, Vitale A.2, Antonucci G.3, D'Offizi G.3, Dianzani F.1, Capobianchi M.R.1, Abbate I.1 The present study shows a higher level of activation of the IFN system in GBV-C-positive, as compared to GBV-C-negative patients harbouring HIV-1. In GBV-C-positive patients the increased mRNA levels correlated with the activation of the main IFN-producing cells. These data may be relevant in understanding the GBV-C-driven protection against HIV. |
| TuPdA02 | ROBUST ACTIVATION OF NK CELLS BY SINGLE STRANDED RNA DERIVED FROM HIV-1 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA02 G. Alter1, N. Teigen2, T. Suscovich2, A. Meier2, H. Streeck2, M. Altfeld2 Taken together, these data demonstrate that NK cells are significantly activated in the presence of CD14+ monocytes by TLR ligands, including ssRNA derived from HIV-1 LTR. These data suggest that HIV-1 derived TLR ligands contribute to the immune activation of NK cells observed during chronic viremic HIV-1 infection. |
| TuPdA03 | B LYMPHOCYTES EXPRESS DC-SIGN AND TRANSMIT HIV-1 TO T LYMPHOCYTES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA03 Rappocciolo G.1, Piazza P.1, Fuller C.2, Reinhart T.1, Watkins S.3, Rowe D.1, Jais M.1, Hoji A.1, Gupta P.1, Rinaldo C.1 DC-SIGN is expressed on activated B cells, which leads to infection of T cells in trans. This supports a a new role for B cells in HIV-1 pathogenesis. |
| TuPdA04 | DENDRITIC CELLS IMMUNOPHENOTYPING IN HIV INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA04 K. Konstantinakou1, K. Psarra2, V. Kapsimali2, O. Georgiou3, V. Papastamopoulos3, A. Skoutelis3, C. Papasteriades2 These results indicate the interaction between HIV-1 and both mDCs and pDCs in HIV+ patients and provide insight into the underlying pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Further study of DCs function is needed in order to clarify its importance as a marker of HIV+ patients monitoring. |
| TuPdA05 | TLR-4 ACTIVATION RESULTS IN DICHOTOMOUS EFFECTS ON HIV TRANSCRIPTION IN U1 CELLS COMPARED TO PRIMARY HUMAN MACROPHAGES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA05 Liu X., Mosoian A., Wada T., Zerhouni-Layachi B., Chang T., Klotman M.E. TLR4 activation by LPS led to NF-kB activation in both primary macrophages and a monocyte cell line. However, a type I IFN response induced by LPS through the MyD-88 independent pathway was seen only in macrophages. The dichotomous role of LPS appears to be due to the relative effect of LPS on the MyD88-independent and the MyD88-dependent pathways. Understanding the determinants of this opposite response will shed light on understanding the role of this innate immune response in control of HIV transcription. |
| TuPdA06 | NEW INNATE CORRELATES IN CAUCASIAN HIV-EXPOSED SERONEGATIVE INDIVIDUALS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA06 Misse D.1, Yssel H.2, Trabattoni D.3, Oblet C.1, Lo Caputo S.4, Mazzotta F.4, Gonzalez J.-P.1, Clerici M.5, Veas F.1 Our complementary studies have revealed complementary results defining a new, important and coherent cascade of several proteins involved in the host innate immune response participating to the protection of ESN individuals against HIV infection. Incubation of in vitro generated myeloid dendritic cells with the some of protein results a decreased susceptibility of these cells to in vitro infection with HIV-1 primary isolate. Results and consequences will be discussed. |
| TuPdA07 | ROLE OF TLR 2 AND TLR 4 POLYMORPHISMS IN RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HIV-1 INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA07 Marlin C.1, Ball T.B.1, Kimani J.2, Ji H.1, Plummer F.A.1 Altered cytokine responses to innate stimuli observed in HIV-R women suggest important biological differences exist in HIV-R women. These altered responses may suggest a difference in their ability to instruct their adaptive immunity and may have important implications for resistance/susceptibility to HIV-1, as well as other infections. |
| TuPdA08 | IMMUNOMODULATION OF DENDRITIC CELLS FROM HIV-1 INFECTED PERSONS FOR ENHANCED STIMULATION OF ANTI-HIV-1 T CELL IMMUNITY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdA08 Huang X.1, Fan Z.1, Kalinski P.2, Rinaldo C.1 CD40L, with or without IFN-γ, and poly I:C+IFN-γ+IFN-α were the most potent immunomodulators of DCs from uninfected and HIV-1 infected subjects. This model of T cell activation by DCs provides a basis for immunotherapy trials of persons with HIV-1 infection. |
| Poster Discussions | |
| Track B | |
| TUPDB | Adherence |
| TuPdB01 | DIRECTLY ADMINISTERED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (DAART) INTERVENTION TO PROMOTE LONG-TERM ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT IN MOMBASA, KENYA: A 12-MONTH EVALUATION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdB01 Luchters S.1, Sarna A.2, Geibel S.3, Munyao P.1, Kaai S.3, Shikely K.4, Mandaliya K.4, Temmerman M.1, van Dam J.5 Overall high levels of adherence were observed in both groups over 48-weeks. Preliminary results show limited sustained effect of the DAART intervention after transition from DAART to standard care at 24-weeks. It is of note that the majority of patients failed to consistently achieved >95% adherence in 12 consecutive months. Strengthening ways to improve adherence remains of utmost importance for large scale ART programs. |
| TuPdB02 | CLARIFYING THE TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBSTANCE ABUSE, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, AND ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdB02 French T.1, Tesoriero J.1, Woolston B.2, Agins B.3 Although past research has shown a correlation between SA, PD and adherence, few studies have explored the causal pathways between these factors. This research lends support to a causal relationship between changes in SA and PD and changes in adherence. This represents an important contribution to the field of treatment adherence as we have shown that stabilization of SA and PD can lead to improvements in adherence, thereby increasing the likelihood of therapeutic benefit and improved clinical outcomes. |
| TuPdB03 | AFRICA VERSUS NORTH AMERICA: A META-REGRESSION ANALYSIS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdB03 Mills E.1, Nachega J.2, Buchan I.3, Orbinski J.4, Singh S.5, Rachlis B.6, Thabane L.7, Wilson K.4, Bangsberg D.8, Guyatt G.7 Our findings indicate that African patients adhere more than North American patients to antiretroviral therapy. These findings should encourage provision of antiretroviral therapy in Africa and question why policymakers used assumptions to inform policy. |
| TuPdB04 | A 72-MONTH FOLLOW-UP OF ADHERENCE TO HAART IN A COHORT OF SENEGALESE ADULT PATIENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdB04 Etard J.-F.1, Basty Fall M.2, Cilote V.3, Laniéce I.3, Desclaux A.4, Ndoye I.3, Delaporte E.1, ANRS 1290 While adherence decreased slowly with time, this work underlines the good long-term adherence in an African setting, argues in favor of a total gratuity, which is effective since December 2003, and pointed out the importance of the choice of the protease inhibitor regimen to maintain adherence. |
| TuPdB05 | IMMEDIATE VERSUS DELAYED MODIFIED DIRECTLY OBSERVED HAART THERAPY (MDOT): A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS FROM THE ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSERS (AARTS) STUDY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdB05 Mwamburi M.1, Macalino G.2, Griffith J.2, Mitty J.3, Wilson I.2, Neuman P.2, Wanke C.1, Flanigan T.3, Wong J.2 With delayed MDOT, increased treatment costs associated with more resistance offset reduced intervention costs. Absent reliable criteria to identify non-adherers, immediate MDOT for all appears cost effective. |
| TuPdB06 | ACHIEVING HIGH RATES OF HIV PATIENT ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS: EXPERIENCES FROM RWANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdB06 Ndabamenye P.1, Ngabonziza M.1, Shumbusho F.1, Ayinkamiye A.M.1, Murray D.1, McLellan L.2, Muramutsa F.1, Price J.1 Patient education and clinician support are linchpins to successful ART programs. They should be included as standard practice. |
| Poster Discussions | |
| Track C | |
| TUPDC | Safety in Health Care Settings |
| TuPdC01 | SCALING UP SAFE BLOOD PROGRAMS: - A TOOL TO ESTIMATE CURRENT COVERAGE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC01 Rao P.1, Sondag D.2 This approach shows huge gaps between current need and supply of safe blood in these countries. Further in-country studies are required to validate and refine estimations that this method has provided. This tool can be used to estimate coverage at national, regional and district level planning of safe blood programs throughout Africa in the absence of reliable data. |
| TuPdC02 | BLOOD SAFETY COMPONENT OF THE WHO PROJECT "HIV/AIDS PREVENTION AND COMBATING" IN RUSSIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC02 I. Baranov, C. Reinicke It is expected that by the end of 2007, multidisciplinary professional teams of health care workers will be equipped to provide the necessary quality control to reduce the risk of HIV transmission through infected blood products. |
| TuPdC03 | RISK FACTORS FOR PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES IN THE NURSING TEAM OF A SCHOOL HOSPITAL IN BRAZILIAN HOSPITAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC03 Canini S.R.M.S., Moraes S.A., Gir E., Freitas I.C.M. This study confirmed the link between nursing team professionals' low adherence to standard precautions and the occurrence of percutaneous injuries and also allowed for the identification of other important risk factors. The results obtained in this study may support the elaboration and implementation of more efficient prevention strategies and, consequently, grant greater security to these professionals. |
| TuPdC04 | OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO HIV AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN CANADA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TUPDC04 McCarthy G.1, Dreizen C.1, John M.2, Harris K.1, Stitt L.1 These results confirm low rates of occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in Canada. It is likely that the proportions of healthcare workers reporting occupational exposure to HIV in these studies may be under-estimates - because of the reluctance to report occupational exposures to HIV and the frequent uncertainty of the serostatus of the source. However, given the low infectivity of HIV, the efficacy of HAART in reducing HI viral load and the availability of post-exposure prophylaxis, the risk of occupationally-acquired HIV infection is very small. |
| TuPdC05 | INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS TO UTILIZE UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS IN SOME FACILITIES SERVING A HIGH HIV-PREVALENT POPULATION IN LAGOS, NIGERIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC05 S. Ekanem1, F. Fawole2, E. Owoaje3, A. Fajola4 The study demonstrated that the level of institutional support was inadequate and could have affected staff compliance with universal precautions. Constant supply of needed materials for universal precautions and the establishment of simple protocol for post-exposure reporting and management, including staff education on its use are recommended. Furthermore, all categories of the health personnel require regular re-training on univesal precautions. |
| TuPdC06 | TOLERABILITY AND ADHERENCE TO POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS OF HIV INFECTION IN DIFFERENT EXPOSURE GROUPS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC06 Kowalska J.D., Firlag-Burkacka E., Niezabitowska M., Bakowska E., Gizinska J., Higersberger J., Ignatowska A., Karczewski G., Pulik P., Swiecki P., Horban A. HCWs started PEP earlier, yet frequently didn't follow full PEP schedule. Better access to source-patient testing allowed to shorten PEP treatment in HCWs, which might correlate with less SE in that group comparing to analysis from 2001 – 2002. Source-patient testing is of great help in PEP. |
| TuPdC07 | HIV INFECTIONS MAINLY AMONG REPEAT BLOOD DONORS, WHO REPORT MALE-TO-MALE SEX, IN THE NETHERLANDS 1995 – 2003 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC07 Van der Bij A.1, Coutinho R.2, Van der Poel C.3, Davidovich U.4 A low level of behavioral risk and a substantial number of preventable HIV infections were found, that persists despite current donor selection. No evidence is provided for relaxing the existing permanent donor deferral for male-to-male sex into a temporary deferral. Even with permanent deferral, male-to male sex is often reported among repeat donors with confirmed HIV infections, which poses a direct treat for the blood safety. |
| TuPdC08 | OBSERVED HIV PREVENTION PRACTICES AFTER AN HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR HEALTH WORKERS IN MALAWI Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdC08 Jere D.N.1, Talashek M.2, Kachingwe S.I.1, Mbeba M.M.1, Norr K.F.2, Norr J.L.3 Health workers and their clients can benefit from interventions to improve health workers' HIV-related care practices. Intervention that includes factual information, discussion, values clarification, and skill building practice allows workers to teach patients more comfortably. Improved availability of supplies and equipment in the intervention site may reflect a change in the culture and highlights the importance of including the management team as collaborating partners in developing and implementing the interventions. |
| Poster Discussions | |
| Track D | |
| TUPDD | All Men are Not the Same: Masculinities, Risk and HIV |
| TuPdD01 | FAILING TO TARGET ADEQUATELY RISK BEHAVIOUR OF MALE ADOLESCENTS IN BRAZIL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD01 Juarez F.1, Castro T.2 Many public health campaigns have overlooked that most adolescents frame their sexual lives in the search for love rather than health, and that many have difficulties to identify their loved ones as potential sources of risk. Prevention campaigns need to counteract the symbolic association between condoms and promiscuity or infidelity. |
| TuPdD02 | GENDER AND HIV/AIDS MEDICINES IN BURKINA FASO Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD02 Bila B.1, Egrot M.2, Desclaux A.3 This comprehensive approach to male values must provide an analysis for men that is more acceptable than the criticism usually expressed about their behavior. This study will make it possible to reformulate orientations in prevention and health education that will highlight the trap inherent in the values associated with masculinity in Burkina Faso's socio-cultural context. |
| TuPdD03 | COMBATING HIV/AIDS BY ACHIEVING "POSITIVE MASCULINITY": CHALLENGING GENDER-BASED ROLES, BEHAVIOUR AND VIOLENCE - THE STRATEGY OF THE MOVEMENT OF MEN AGAINST AIDS IN KENYA (MMAAK) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD03 Onyango M.1, Mkala Z.2, Purdon S.3 Initiatives targeting men must stress that men and women share responsibility for child rearing, based on emotional support, empathy and non-violence. Health care providers should support family planning programmes that emphasise that reproductive responsibility is shared by men and women. Boys, girls and educators should be trained in conflict resolution, emotional expression and communication. Projects that involve men and boys in exploring moves towards a culture of positive masculinity should be supported. Men and women need support and encouragement to choose non-traditional roles and overcome gender barriers in working life. |
| TuPdD04 | ADDRESSING MASCULINITIES IN PMTCT PROGRAMS IN RURAL TANZANIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD04 Burke M.1, Kippax S.1, Rajabu M.2, Crawford J.1 There is a danger that PMTCT strategies are constructed for a western modern masculinity that is non hegemonic in African rural settings. PMTCT programs need to address the constraints and contexts implied by traditional masculinities of rural village communities. This will impact participation in VCT, disclosure and accessing PMTCT technologies. The role of the male is a key contributor to community acceptance and support of PMTCT programs. Male involvement needs to be seen as a foundational component of PMTCT programs. |
| TuPdD05 | DIFFERENCES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF MALE COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS (MSWS) AND TRANSGENDERS/TRANSVESTITES (HIJRAS) IN PAKISTAN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD05 A. Khan1, A. Bokhari1, N. Nizamani2, N. Rehan3, A. Khan1 While both MSWs and Hijras engage in risky sexual practices, only MSWs practice bisexual behaviors that have wider implications for transmission of STIs/HIV to the general population. HIV prevention programs need to tailor different behavior change messages for the two subgroups that engage in MSM activities. |
| TuPdD06 | Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD06 Abstract not available. |
| TuPdD07 | DIFFERENCES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF MALE COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS (MSWS) AND TRANSGENDERS/TRANSVESTITES (HIJRAS) IN PAKISTAN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD07 A. Khan1, A. Bokhari1, N. Nizamani2, N. Rehan3, A. Khan1 While both MSWs and Hijras engage in risky sexual practices, only MSWs practice bisexual behaviors that have wider implications for transmission of STIs/HIV to the general population. HIV prevention programs need to tailor different behavior change messages for the two subgroups that engage in MSM activities. |
| TuPdD08 | MYTHS RELATED TO MASTURBATION AND SEMEN LOSS LEADING TO HIGH RISK BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUNG TRUCKERS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdD08 Joshi A.1, Chaturvedi P.2, Mendiratta M.2 Myths and misconceptions regarding sex and sexuality have to be eliminated by dissemination of correct information by simple literature and mass media. |
| Poster Discussions | |
| Track E | |
| TUPDE | The Power of Youth |
| TuPdE01 | LESSONS LEARNED OF THE FIRST REGIONAL WORKSHOP FOR YOUNG LEADERS OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ON YOUTH, HIV/AIDS AND HUMAN RIGHTS (LIMA, PERU. FEBRUARY 2005) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdE01 Ugarte Gil C.A.1, Wong Alcazar C.E.2 Youth participation is necessary not only because the problem affects this age group, but because it is demonstrated that their work can help in the fight against this epidemic. Finally, Internet constitutes an easy and low-cost opportunity to establish a strong Youth Network. |
| TuPdE02 | ESTABLISHMENT/FORMATION OF PARTNERSHIPS, NETWORKS AND COLLABORATION IN SUPPORTING CHILDREN/YOUTH HIV/AIDS PROGRAMMES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdE02 Rugaita G. Skilled training with focus on children /youths on HIV/AIDS concerns exchange of best practices and adoption Increased funding towards children and youth focused prevention Establishing of stronger coalitions and networks to provide level bass for capacity building. Consider providing incentives to motivate the volunteers Strengthened linkages between development partners. |
| TuPdE03 | PARENTAL INVESTMENT, CLUB MEMBERSHIP AND AVOIDANCE OF SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG URBAN SOUTH AFRICAN YOUTH Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdE03 Camlin C.S., Snow R.C. Community and family resources mediate HIV risk behaviors among young people in southern Africa. |
| TuPdE04 | REACHING YOUTH FROM VULNERABLE POPULATIONS IN JAMAICA: AN INNOVATIVE PILOT PROGRAMME FOR YOUNG MSM Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdE04 Carr R.1, Mcknight I.2 Programming must be youth-friendly and based on youth realities, especially for youth at high risk presenting with high rates of infection. Secondary and primary prevention programmes must be developed with provision of accurate and non-discriminatory information and modes of delivery, but also allow for healthy identity formation. |
| TuPdE05 | YOUTH-FOCUSED HIV PREVENTION: DOING GENDER THE "RIGHTS" WAY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdE05 Castaño F.1, Atkin L.1, Betances B.2 A resource guide and a training course on GE promotion for program planners, funding agencies, and policymakers will help build organizations' capacity to expand HIV prevention programs that will empower women and help men to change harmful behaviors that perpetuate HIV. |
| TuPdE06 | HAATH SE HAATH MILAA: REALITY TV AND CELEBRITY SPREAD HIV/AIDS AWARENESS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuPdE06 MacPherson Y. Celebrity has a key role in addressing stigma around HIV/AIDS. Creative new formats can reach new audiences, even in a crowded media market. The first episode of the new series was seen by 12 million viewers. |
| Key Challenges | |
| Poster Discussions | |
| TUKC1 | Accelerating Prevention Research to End the Epidemic |
| TuKc101 | EVALUATION OF MICROBICIDE APPLICATORS TO DETERMINE VAGINAL USE IN THE CARRAGUARD PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuKc101 Govender S.1, Skoler S.2, Maguire R.2, Guichard L.2, Lahteenmaki P.1, Vilakazi H.3, Mapula F.S.4, Rossier J.5 This is the first biomarker with which to measure gel usage in clinical microbicide trials. It is inexpensive, easy and reliable and can be implemented in any research setting. |
| TuKc102 | SURVEILLANCE OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES INFORMS RISK FOR LOCAL SPREAD OF INFECTION IN HONG KONG Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. TuKc102 Lee K.1, Yu W.2, Leung T.3, Hui X. |