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16th International AIDS ConferenceToronto, Canada — August 13-18, 2006 |
Cite as: Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. xx
| Table of Contents Main Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Late-Breakers |
| Wednesday | Oral Abstracts |
| Track A | |
| WeAa01 | Host Factors |
| WeAa0101 | Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0101 Abstract not available. |
| WeAa0102 | HUMAN TRIPARTITE MOTIF PROTEIN 1 BLOCKS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS REPLICATION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0102 Marchant D.1, Neil S.J.D.2, Carter G.2, Harrison I.2, Aubin K.2, Meroni G.3, McKnight Á.2 After fusion with the cell membrane and entry into the cytoplasm, HIV-1 and -2 must therefore avoid host intracellular anti-viral factors including TRIM 1 to complete replication. It will be important to determine the role of these TRIM proteins in the tissue compartmentalisation and pathogenesis of HIV. |
| WeAa0103 | ADVANTAGE OF KIR2DS2 AND HLA-C GROUP C1 IN HIV-1-INFECTED ADOLESCENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0103 Lazaryan A.1, Tang J.2, Wilson C.3, Kaslow R.4 The KIR2DS2 allele and its epistatic interaction with the HLA-C C1 appear advantageous in the immune responses of adolescents to HIV-1 infection. Our findings extend the evidence for a role of NK receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS. |
| WeAa0104 | Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0104 Abstract not available. |
| WeAa0105 | PROTHYMOSIN ALPHA A NOVEL ANTIVIRAL RESTRICTION FACTOR THAT BLOCKS TRANSCRIPTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0105 Mosoian A.1, Teixeira A.1, High A.A.2, Hunt D.F.2, Shabanowitz J.2, Liu X.1, Klotman M.E.1 ProTa suppresses HIV-1 gene transcription in primary macrophages and dendritic cells and contributes to the anti-viral activity of CD8+ cell supernatant. |
| WeAa0106 | GLOBOTRIAOSYLCERAMIDE: A NATURAL RESISTANCE FACTOR TO HIV INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0106 Lund N.1, Sakac D.2, Lingwood C.A.3, Levene C.4, Hellberg Å.5, Olsson M.L.5, Branch D.R.2 Overall, HIV infection is inhibited when Gb3 is cell surface expressed, while its absence enhances infection. Furthermore, exogenously introduced Gb3 seems to mimic natural Gb3 over-expression (P1k). These findings support Gb3 as providing natural resistance to HIV-1. |
| WeAa02 | Effectiveness of Anti-HIV T Cell Immunity |
| WeAa0201 | DESIGNING A VACCINE STRATEGY: IMPLICATIONS OF VIRAL ESCAPE AND SHIV-SPECIFIC CD8 T CELLS AT TRANSMISSION AND DURING ACUTE INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0201 Fernandez C.S.1, Smith M.Z.1, Batten C.J.1, De Rose R.1, Reece J.1, Rollman E.1, Venturi V.2, Davenport M.P.2, Kent S.J.1 Effector T cells present at transmission and capable of rapid expansion are vital for the prevention of reversion to wild-type and control of HIV/SHIV viremia. |
| WeAa0202 | INCORPORATION OF SEQUENCE DIVERSITY INCREASES THE RATE OF DETECTION OF HIV-SPECIFIC T CELL RESPONSES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0202 Frahm N.1, Yusim K.2, Fisher W.2, Muldoon M.3, Linde C.1, Hewitt H.1, Faircloth K.1, Walker B.1, Brander C.1, Korber B.2 The data thus show that toggled peptides represent a powerful tool for the detection of more comprehensive breadth and magnitude of T cell responses, therefore providing additional insight as to which regions of HIV are targets of the virus-specific cellular immune responses, and hence may reflect potential vaccine candidates. |
| WeAa0203 | DUAL SELECTION PRESSURE BY DRUGS AND HLA CLASS I-RESTRICTED IMMUNE RESPONSES ON HIV-1 PROTEASE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0203 Mueller S.M.1, Schaetz B.1, Eismann K.1, Bergmann S.1, Bauerle M.1, Schmitt-Haendle M.1, Maurer K.1, Schmucker M.2, Walter H.3, Schmidt B.3, Korn K.3, Sticht H.4, Spriewald B.5, Harrer E.G.1, Harrer T.1, HIV Competence Network HIV/AIDS Our results support a fundamental role of HLA class I-restricted immune responses in shaping the sequence of the HIV-1 protease in vivo. This may have important clinical implications both for to the understanding of drug resistance pathways and for the design of therapeutic vaccine. |
| WeAa0204 | VACCINE INDUCED T-CELL RESPONSES IN IMMUNISED RHESUS MACAQUES CORRELATE WITH SIV REPLICATION KINETICS IN VITRO BUT NOT IN VIVO Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0204 Ochieng' W., Stahl-Hennig C., Suh Y.-S., Sopper S., Hunsmann G., Sauermann U. SIV replication in vitro correlates with vaccine-induced T cell responses and shows "immunisation-route-dependent" kinetics. This kinetics was predictive of post-challenge outcome and may be useful in designing pre-clinical vaccine and pathogenesis studies. Additional factors worth investigation may influence in vitro vaccine response. |
| WeAa0205 | CROSS-CLADE RECOGNITION OF GAG-P24 GPSHKARVL EPITOPE RESTRICTED BY HLA-B7 IN A HIV-1 CRF15_01B INFECTED INDIVIDUAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0205 Castro E.1, Harari A.1, Cellerai C.1, Bart P.A.1, Chave J.P.2, Pantaleo G.1 We provide evidence that Gag-p24 sequence "GPSHKARVL" is a viral conserved motif and CTL epitope in a patient with a CRF15_01B infection. The fact that this epitope has been previously reported among other HLA-B7 individuals infected with clades C and B underlines its relevance for vaccine trial monitoring. |
| WeAa03 | Mucosal and Innate Immunity |
| WeAa0301 | DIFFERENTIAL CYTOKINE RESPONSIVENESS TO TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR) LIGAND STIMULATION IN HIV-1 RESISTANT SEX WORKERS FROM NAIROBI, KENYA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0301 Ball T.B.1, Lester R.1, Wachihi C.2, Marlin C.1, Plummer F.1, HayGlass K.3 Resistant women have significantly altered innate responses to some TLR ligands compared to uninfected controls, which may reflect their ability to mount a protective adaptive response to HIV-1. Interestingly cytokines known to induce cellular immunity were depressed while these women had elevated immunosuppressive cytokine responses. HIV resistance may therefore be associated with a hyporesponsive innate response rather than a preference to generate cellular immune responses. |
| WeAa0302 | TREG CHARACTERIZATION IN SIV INFECTION OF RHESUS MACAQUES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0302 Barbercheck J.1, Apetrei C.2, Ploquin M.3, Butor C.4, Muller-Trutwin M.3, Veazey R.1, Lackner A.5, Pandrea I.1 Our study demonstrates that these species are good models for studying Tregs' role in HIV infection. Tregs' decrease during SIVmac infection may result in lack of immuneoregulation and aberrant hyperactivation of T cells. The role of Tregs in pathogenicity can only be determined using animal models. |
| WeAa0303 | MULTIPLE NEWLY IDENTIFIED URIDINE-RICH TLR7/8 LIGANDS WITHIN THE RNA OF HIV-1 ACTIVATE HUMAN CD8+ T CELLS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0303 Meier A., Alter G., Streeck H., Teigen N., Altfeld M. These data demonstrate that uridine-rich regions of the ssRNA of HIV-1 can serve as potent immune-modulators and induce immune activation of T cells through the ligation of TLR7/8. HIV-1-derived TLR ligands may therefore contribute to the chronic immune activation observed during viremic HIV-1 infection, as well as to the associated immune pathogenesis and disease progression. |
| WeAa0304 | POTENTIAL MUCOSAL IMMUNE MECHANISMS FOR INCREASED HIV SUSCEPTIBILITY IN WOMEN INFECTED BY HERPES SIMPLEX TYPE 2 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0304 Rebbapragada A.1, Pettengell C.1, Sunderji S.1, Huibner S.1, Sheung A.1, Moussa G.2, Mazzuli A.2, Wachihi C.3, Jaoko W.4, Ball B.5, Fowke K.5, Plummer F.5, Kaul R.1 DC-SIGN, which has been hypothesized to act as a "Trojan horse" in transporting HIV virions from mucosal sites to lymph nodes, was significantly increased in the FGT of women with chronic HSV2 infection. This suggests a potential immune mechanism for enhanced HIV susceptibility. HSV2 shedding was infrequent in HIV uninfected FSWs, and TLR9 induction may be associated with local control of HSV2 reactivation. |
| WeAa0305 | TRANSCYTOSIS OF HIV ACROSS POLARIZED ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS REDUCES INFECTIOUS ACTIVITY OF HIV-1 VIRIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0305 Tugizov S.1, Herrera R.1, Levy J.1, Martinez-Marino B.2, Abreu M.1, Soros V.3, Greene W.3, Palefsky J.1 Cell-free and cell-associated HIV migrate across polarized oral epithelial cells by apical-to-basolateral transcytosis. Compared with virions transcytosed across endometrial cells, virions transcytosed across tongue and pharyngeal cells lost most of their infectious activity. Inactivation of HIV during transcytosis across oral epithelial cells might contribute to the low rate of oral HIV transmission. |
| WeAa04 | T Cell Immunity to HIV in Acute/Chronic Infection |
| WeAa0401 | LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSOR'S JOURNEY INTO PROGRESSIVE DISEASE: ASSOCIATION WITH ESCAPE FROM CELLULAR IMMUNE CONTROL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0401 Kemal K.1, Beattie T.2, Dong T.2, Weiser B.1, Kuiken C.3, Sutton J.2, Lang D.3, Yang H.2, Yang P.2, Collman R.4, Philpott S.1, Rowland-Jones S.2, Burger H.1 This man's journey from LTNP to progressive infection was associated with both the acquisition of viral mutations conferring escape from CD8 mediated control and targeted depletion of HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells. These data are relevant to the correlates of protection from disease progression. |
| WeAa0402 | Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0402 Abstract not available. |
| WeAa0403 | SURVEILLANCE OF IL-2 INDUCING CD4+ T CELL EPITOPES IN ACUTE HIV-1 INFECTION FOR THE EMERGENCE OF ESCAPE MUTANTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0403 Jones R.B.1, Yue F.Y.1, Kovacs C.M.2, Mohamed R.1, MacDonald K.S.1, Ostrowski M.A.1 This is the first study to characterize IL-2 inducing epitopes during acute HIV-1 infection, and their contemporaneous plasma viruses. The data support that selective pressure exerted by the CD4 immune response contributes to virus variation. However, the progressive loss of HIV-1 p55 specific IL-2 producing CD4 T cells could not be attributed solely to viral evasion of immune responses through the fixation of escape mutations within targeted epitopes. Examining the responses of these clones to autologous p55 variants, from both early and late stages of infection, will shed further light on whether the observed flanking mutations represent a means of escape from immunological pressure. |
| WeAa0404 | T CELL RESPONSES TO HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES IN PRIMARY HIV INFECTION: A NOVEL VACCINE STRATEGY? Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0404 Garrison K.1, Jones R.B.2, Meiklejohn D.A.1, Agrawal A.1, Anwar N.2, Spotts G.3, Hecht F.M.3, Rakoff-Nahoum S.4, Lenz J.5, Ostrowski M.A.2, Nixon D.F.1 |
| WeAa0405 | HIV-SPECIFIC IFN- AND IL-2 SECRETING RESPONSES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION TO HLA ALLELES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0405 Peretz Y.1, Ndongala L.M.1, Boulassel R.2, Routy J.-P.2, Sékaly R.-P.3, Tremblay C.L.3, Tsoukas C.M.4, Bernard N.F.1 Responses restricted to slow progressing alleles such as B27 and B57 are more likely to stimulate IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion, a functional profile that is associated with viral control. |
| WeAa0406 | COMPARATIVE VIRAL FITNESS ASSESSMENT OF CONGENIC MUTATIONS WITHIN AN IMMUNODOMINANT CD8+ T CELL EPITOPE OF HIV Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0406 Christie N.1, Willer D.O.2, Lobritz M.3, Cochrane A.4, Luscher M.A.2, Arts E.J.3, MacDonald K.S.5 Mono- and dual infection assays indicate that the emergence of potential immune escape mutations are limited by factors other that purely viral fitness constraints. This suggests that a lack of emergence of CTL escape mutations may not always be indicative of restrictions in viral replication. In fact, the conservation of these epitopes may be a feature of a crippled immune response, incapable of placing pressure on the viral sequence. |
| Track B | |
| WeAa05 | Microbicide Development |
 WeAa0501 |
Invited Presentation: Overview of Microbicide Development Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0501 Robin Shattock This is a Power Point presentation. There is no abstract available. |
| WeAa0502 | CONTRACEPTIVE AND NON-CONTRACEPTIVE THIOUREA NON-NUCLEOSIDE INHIBITOR-BASED ANTI-HIV MICROBICIDES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0502 D'Cruz O.1, Uckun F.2 Membrane-permeable tight-binding thiourea NNRTIs have particular clinical utility as spermicidal or non-spermicidal broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 microbicides as well as prophylactic antiviral agents. Supported by: NIH grants AI052594, AI052633, AI054352 and HD043683. |
| WeAa0503 | CHARACTERIZATION OF IN VITRO RELEASE AND IN VIVO DELIVERY OF TMC120 WITH AN INTRAVAGINAL RING: IMPLICATIONS FOR MICROBICIDE DELIVERY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0503 Romano J.1, Coplan P.1, Mitchnick M.1, Douville K.1, Malcolm K.2, Van Roey J.3, Temmerman M.4, Van Bortel L.4, Weyers S.4, Rosenberg Z.1 The study demonstrated that IVR delivery of TMC120 was safe and generally well tolerated, and release of drug in vivo could be achieved. |
| WeAa0504 | TRAPPIN-2: DISCOVERY OF A NOVEL INHIBITOR OF HIV HIGHLY ELEVATED IN HIV-RESISTANT SEX WORKERS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0504 Iqbal S.1, Ball T.1, Ao Z.1, Maranan L.1, Rutherford J.1, Wachihi C.2, Pak B.3, Podust V.3, Yao X.-J.1, Plummer F.1 We have identified a previously uncharacterized inhibitor of HIV using a novel proteomics approach. Importantly, elevated expression of this protein is highly associated with natural immunity to HIV infection in a HIV-resistance cohort. As such, this protein may make an ideal candidate for a component of a preventative microbicide. |
| WeAa0505 | PRECLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF TOPICAL MICROBICIDES: DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROBICIDE QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM (MQAP) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAa0505 Cummins J.1, Lackman-Smith C.1, Richardson-Harman N.2, Beer B.1, Reichelderfer P.3 Given the wide range of existing and novel assay methods, there is a need to maintain a quality control program for topical microbicides. By establishing standardized guidelines for preclinical testing and analysis, the MQAP will expedite advancement of microbicides through the drug development pipeline. |
| Track B | |
| WeAb01 | Delivering HAART in Women Following Delivery |
| WeAb0101 | LOW SENSITIVITY OF TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNT, AS A SURROGATE MARKER TO IDENTIFY PRE- AND POST-PARTUM INDIAN WOMEN WHO REQUIRE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0101 Gupta A.1, Gupte N.2, Nayak U.3, Kulkarni V.2, Paranjape R.4, Thakar M.4, Sastry J.2, Phadke M.5, Bollinger R.1, MIT-BJMC-JHU Study Group Our data suggests that pre-partum and PP women with TLC <1200 cells/mm3 are likely to have CD4 cell counts <200. However, the sensitivity of this TLC cut-off was low. Between 45 – 64% of pre-partum and PP women requiring initiation of ART may not be identified by using TLC alone as a surrogate marker for CD4<200. The UNAIDS recommended TLC cutoff of <1200 cells/mm3 is not optimal for this female population. |
| WeAb0102 | 24 MONTH OUTCOME OF NEVIRAPINE BASED HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) IN WOMEN DURING THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD: A PMTCT+ PILOT PROGRAM SUPPORTED BY THE GLOBAL FUND IN THAILAND Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0102 Jourdain G.1, Briand N.2, Fregonese F.3, Halue G.4, Chutanunta A.5, Nilmanat A.6, Prommas S.7, Bowonwatanuwong C.8, Yuthavisuthi P.9, Lallemant M.10, Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment (PHPT) - IRD 174 The good response to triple therapy would not have been observed without optimal adherence. If international efforts had not facilitated access to efficacious combinations, it is likely that patients would have use affordable but suboptimal combinations, increasing the risk of spreading resistance mutations in the population. |
| WeAb0103 | DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL RESISTANCE AMONG HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN FIRST EXPOSED TO ANTIRETROVIRALS DURING PREGNANCY: THE NICHD INTERNATIONAL SITE DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE (NISDI) PERINATAL STUDY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0103 Duran A.1, Losso M.1, Salomón H.2, Pampuro S.2, Harris R.3, Soto-Ramirez L.4, Read J.5, NISDI Perinatal Study Group Among HIV-1-infected mothers from Latin American and Caribbean countries receiving ARVs for prevention of MTCT, PRMs are relatively common. |
| WeAb0104 | MATERNAL IMMUNE RESPONSE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES ON NNRTI-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE (NVP) FOR PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD HIV TRANSMISSION (PMTCT) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0104 Chi B.1, Sinkala M.2, Levy J.1, Cantrell R.1, Stringer E.1, Bulterys M.3, Zulu I.4, Kaseba C.4, Mtonga V.5, Wilfert C.6, Stringer J.1 In this large programmatic ART cohort in Zambia, exposure to NVP for PMTCT was not associated with attenuated maternal immune response or worse clinical outcomes overall. Further studies are needed to determine the potential impact on treatment failure of timing between NVP exposure and ART initiation, particularly among women reporting recent NVP use. |
| WeAb0105 | HIGH RATE OF NELFINAVIR-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS OBSERVED AMONG WOMEN EXPOSED TO PROPHYLACTIC ANTIRETROVIRAL DURING PREGNANCY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0105 Kakehasi F.M., Tupinanmbas U., Cleto S., Aleixo A., Lin E., Melo V., Aguiar R., Pinto J., Maternal and Pediatric AIDS Group In this group of women ART regimens were very efficient to block MTCT, despite the partial virologic suppression. The finding of a high rate of nelfinavir resistant mutation observed in the post-partum period may impact future therapeutic options for these women. |
| WeAb02 | STIs: Is it Smart to Stop HAART? |
| WeAb0201 | PLASMA LEVELS OF NEVIRAPINE FOLLOWING INTERRUPTION OF ZDV/3TC/NVP IN AFRICAN ADULTS WITHIN THE DART TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0201 Kikaire B.1, Walker S.2, Khoo S.3, Munderi P.1, Ssali F.4, Namale L.4, Reid A.5, Gibb D.2, Mugyenyi P.4, Grosskurth H.1 Plasma NVP levels are below the subtherapeutic range after one week, and below the limit of quantitation after two weeks, in the majority of patients investigated. These data support the use of a one-week dual nucleoside 'cover' for planned treatment interruptions with NVP. |
| WeAb0202 | CD4-GUIDED STI: FOUR-YEARS FOLLOW-UP OF A CONTROLLED, PROSPECTIVE TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0202 Maggiolo F.1, Ripamonti D.1, Callegaro A.2, Gregis G.1, Quinzan G.1, Airoldi M.1, Bombana E.1, Arici C.1, Suter F.1 CD4-guided pulse-therapy is as least as effective as continuous HAART from the immunologic, virologic and clinical standpoints and is generally safe if patients are properly monitored. A nadir CD4 cell count <350 cell/mcL is the main predictor of CD4 cell decline and of the possibility to stay off-therapy. These findings should be considered in designing STI programs, but also outline possible risks of a late start of HAART. |
| WeAb0203 | PROGRESSION OF HIV-RELATED DISEASE OR DEATH (POD) IN THE RANDOMISED SMART STUDY: WHY WAS THE RISK OF POD GREATER IN THE CD4-GUIDED ((RE)-INITIATE ART AT CD4 <250 CELLS/μL) DRUG CONSERVATION (DC) VS THE VIROLOGICAL SUPPRESSION (VS) ARM? Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0203 Lundgren J.D., on behalf of the SMART Study Group Intended differences in proximal CD4 and VL levels between the arms of the study explains a substantial part of the difference in the risk of POD between the DC and VS arms. Additional analyses on predictors of POD will be presented. |
| WeAb0204 | INFERIOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES WITH EPISODIC CD4-GUIDED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AIMED AT DRUG CONSERVATION (DC) IN SMART STUDY: CONSISTENCY OF FINDING IN ALL PATIENT SUBGROUPS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0204 El-Sadr W., for the SMART Study Group HR for DC/VS groups for POD was consistent in a number of subgroups with no patient subgroup having lower POD rate in DC arm. Patients with HIV RNA <400 copies/ml (on ART at Entry) had significantly higher HR estimates (DC/VS), as this subgroup of patients had low POD rates in VS arm. Episodic ART as per SMART design is inferior to VS across a number of a priori defined subgroups. |
| WeAb0205 | TIME TO HAART RESUME AFTER STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIV DNA LEVEL IN PBMC AT INTERRUPTION: RESULTS OF THE ANRS 116 SALTO TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0205 Piketty C.1, Weiss L.1, Bachir-Cherif S.2, Assoumou L.2, Burgard M.3, Ragnaud J.-M.4, Bentata M.5, Girard P.-M.6, Rouzioux C.3, Costagliola D.2, The ANRS 116 SALTO study group Long term treatment interruption is feasible in patients who started HAART based on earlier guidelines. HIV-DNA level may be a useful tool to select patients who may benefit of a prolonged treatment interruption. |
| WeAb03 | Optimizing HAART for Children |
| WeAb0301 | EFFICACY AND SAFETY RESULTS OF 48 WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH APTIVUS ORAL SOLUTION CO-ADMINISTERED WITH LOW DOSE RITONAVIR (APTIVUS/R) IN CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS (PHASE I/IIA STUDY) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0301 Salazar J.1, Cahn P.2, Della Negra M.3, Castelli-Gattinara G.4, Fortuny C.5, Flynn P.6, Giaquinto C.7, Yogev R.8, Caparelli E.9, Fenton T.10, Mikl J.11, Jelaska A.11, PACTG 1051 Clinically relevant virological and immunological improvements were seen with APTIVUS/r therapy in treatment experienced children aged 2 – 18 years at Week 48. APTIVUS/r provides a potent and well-tolerated therapeutic option for children and teenagers. |
| WeAb0302 | 3TC +ABC MAINTAINS VIROLOGICAL SUPERIORITY OVER ZDV+3TC AND ZDV+ABC BEYOND 5 YEARS IN CHILDREN: THE PENTA 5 TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0302 Gibb D.M.1, Green H.1, Saidi Y.2, Pillay D.3, Compagnucci A.2, Harper L.1, Walker A.S.1, Castelli-Gattinara G.4, della Negra M.5, Levy J.6, Candeias F.7, Butler K.8, Feiterna-Sperling C.9, Wintergerst U.10, Giaquinto C.11, on behalf of PENTA 5 Improved efficacy, in terms of VL suppression and growth changes, and lower rates of switching with detectable VL in the 3TC +ABC arm were sustained through to year 5. |
| WeAb0303 | LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON THE SURVIVAL OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS INFECTED WITH HIV-1 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0303 Patel K.1, Hernán M.A.1, Williams P.L.2, Seeger J.D.1, McIntosh K.3, Seage III G.R.1, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 219/219C Study Team The use of HAART is highly effective in reducing mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV. Effects of HAART on survival, appropriately controlling for confounding by severity, are consistent with those observed in adult trials. |
| WeAb0304 | COMPARATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY STUDY OF A NOVEL PEDIATRIC FIXED DOSE DISPERSIBLE TABLET (FDDT) OF LAMIVUDINE, STAVUDINE AND NEVIRAPINE VERSUS INDIVIDUAL MARKETED LIQUID FORMULATIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0304 Shankar G.1, Manaktala C.1, Verma M.1, Chhabra A.2, Juneja S.2 It was concluded that the FDDT of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine could be used in place of individual liquid formulations. This would enhance convenience of administration and compliance with therapy. |
| WeAb0305 | NEVIRAPINE CONCENTRATIONS IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN TREATED WITH DIVIDED FIXED DOSE COMBINATION TABLETS IN MALAWI AND ZAMBIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAb0305 Mulenga V.1, Ellis J.2, Ewings F.3, L'homme R.4, Chintu C.1, van Oosterhout J.5, Chileshe R.1, Molyneux E.2, Gibb D.3, Burger D.4 To avoid nevirapine underdosing in young children, divided FDC triomune should be used with caution; nevirapine levels may be reduced in stunted but increased in wasted children. Further studies investigating these relationships are required. |
| Track C | |
| WeAc01 | Thinking Positive: The Role of People Living with HIV in Prevention Initiatives |
| WeAc0101 | UNSAFE SEX IN STEADY PARTNERSHIP AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: EVIDENCE FROM A LARGE REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF OUTPATIENTS ATTENDING FRENCH HOSPITALS (VESPA/ANRS 2003) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0101 Bouhnik A.-D.1, Préau M.1, Schiltz M.-A.2, Obadia Y.1, Lert F.3, Spire B.1, VESPA study group A high number of serodifferent couples persist in reporting risky sexual behaviour. Patients' personal experience and HIV disclosure represent key factors on the path to adopting safer sex among homosexuals. Among heterosexuals, socio-economic conditions play a major role in risk-taking. |
| WeAc0102 | EXPERIENCES OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS (PLWA) FOLLOWING ENROLLMENT IN THE BOTSWANA NATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (BNTP) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0102 Percy-de Korte F.1, Weiser S.1, Leiter K.1, de Korte D.1, Wolfe W.1, Phaladze N.2, Iacopino V.1, Heisler M.3 Sexual behaviour change facilitating HIV prevention was reported, in association with increasing comfort in disclosing sero-status. These findings are contrary to studies in developed countries, reporting re-uptake of risky sexual behaviour among men having sex with men receiving ART. Results indicate the importance of including PLWA enrolled in treatment programmes as agents of behaviour change in high prevalence countries. Policies and programmes which involve PLWA can facilitate HIV testing, treatment uptake, disclosure, subsequent enrollment of others, and show promise in changing sexual behaviour for reduced HIV transmission. |
| WeAc0103 | KNOWLEDGE OF HIV POSITIVE STATUS DECREASES PREGNANCY INTENTION AND INCREASES CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG WOMAN IN LILONGWE, MALAWI Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0103 Hoffman I.1, Chanza H.2, Martinson F.2, Chilongozi D.2, Powers K.1, Hosseinipour M.2, Dziza E.2, Kachipa E.2, Mphande C.2, Nkhalamba T.2, Stephenson R.3, Tsui A.4 There was a significant reduction in women wanting pregnancy after being notified of their positive HIV status, and an accompanying increase in the use of contraceptives. Condom use among these HIV+ women was disturbingly low. Despite counseling and the availability of contraceptive services, incidence of pregnancy was high, even among women reporting they did not want another child. Immune status affects both pregnancy intention and contraceptive use. Culturally sensitive programs that assist HIV+ women in making sound reproductive choices are urgently needed. |
| WeAc0104 | PREVENTION WITH POSITIVES PROGRAMS IN CLINICAL CARE SETTINGS IN THE UNITED STATES: RECEIPT OF PREVENTION COUNSELING AND CARE SATISFACTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0104 Patel S.N.1, Golin C.E.2, Lu T.-S.3, Tien H.3, Thompson M.4, Thrun M.5, Wilson T.6, Timmons A.6, Yale A.5, Clemons J.4, Quinlivan E.B.7, Wright J.8 People living with HIV (HIV) reported increases in provider-delivered risk reduction counseling and satisfaction with care after 6 months. Although we cannot stratify yet by dose of provider intervention received, 12 month follow-up and dose collection are underway and may strengthen our conclusions. |
| WeAc0105 | EXPERIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN RED CROSS IN PROVIDING MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO HIV+ WOMEN AND CHILDREN BORN TO HIV+ MOTHERS IN IRKUTSK CITY (EAST SIBERIA), RUSSIAN FEDERATION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0105 Zagainova A.1, Shishkina V.2 The experience of the C&S Project and the visiting nurse service in Irkutsk has been a unique and successful model of collaboration between federal institutions and NGOs such as the RRC. This collaboration has helped create a system of advocacy and integrated services (care & prevention) for HIV+ women and HIV+ children. With continued support and funding from Federal health authorities, this model can be replicated in other RRC branches in Russia. |
| WeAc02 | What's New? Innovations in HIV Prevention |
| WeAc0201 | REACHING OUT TO CSWS THROUGH A CARE AND SUPPORT PROGRAMME FOR OVC Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0201 Singh V.1, Chhakchhuak L.2 Care and support for children infected and/or affected by HIV/AIDS is effective for engage CSWs and drug users in preventive programs, especially in difficult social circumstances. Advocacy with communities helps reduce stigma and discrimination - a key for effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs. |
| WeAc0202 | BASELINE STUDY INFORMS ESTABLISHMENT OF A MOBILE UNIT PROVIDING HIV/AIDS/STI INFORMATION, SKILLS AND SERVICES TO VULNERABLE ADOLESCENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0202 Campbell P.1, Bell R.2 Rich, detailed findings disaggregated by age, gender and location were provided, enabling the service to be tailored to address specific vulnerabiliities. The service's mobility was strongly endorsed because staff "not from area". |
| WeAc0203 | RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF AN HIV RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION FOR DEPRESSED AFRICAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS: A SUBSET ANALYSIS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0203 DiClemente R., Wingood G., Lang D. This is the first study to demonstrate a significant intervention effect for depressed adolescents. Given the high prevalence of depression among this population, the intervention could have a substantial impact in reducing adolescents' vulnerability for HIV infection. |
| WeAc0204 | INVOLVING MEN IN PREVENTION AND CARE - CRUCIAL INTERVENTION FOR REDUCTION OF HIV/AIDS MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0204 Byakatonda J.1, Kerressey M.2 Creative programmes tailored towards constructive involvement of men and designed to reduce gender inequalities and minimize the impact of HIV/AIDS is needed. Sensitization on risks of contracting HIV/AIDS within marriage with peer support in couple clubs is important prevention strategies, decreasing not only HIV/AIDS morbidity but also supporting healthier family lives. |
| WeAc0205 | HOW TO TRAIN HEALTH PROVIDERS TO TALK ABOUT SEXUAL PLEASURE: EXPERIENCES FROM CAMBODIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0205 Gordon P.1, Chi S.2, Philpott A.1 With support, sexual health trainers can be enabled to discuss sex and pleasure as a way of promoting safer sex. By the end of the training, almost without exception, participants expressed a commitment to extending this discussion to their own practice. As a result of the training, the Pleasure Project is designing a "sexy sexual health toolkit" as an education/training resource to help sex educators promote safer sex in a sex-positive way in their own projects. |
| WeAc03 | Global Trends in HIV Risk Behaviours |
| WeAc0301 | TRENDS IN CONDOM USE IN LAST SEX AMONG YOUNG SINGLE AFRICAN WOMEN, 1996 – 2002 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0301 Ali M.M.1, Cleland J.2 Condom promotion in Africa has had an impact on the behaviour of young single women and the pace of change compares favourably with changes in other behaviour that harms health, such as cigarette smoking. However, sharp socio-economic disparities in use are apparent that may reflect differential access. A greater emphasis on condom promotion for pregnancy-prevention is justified because it must be more feasible for a young woman to negotiate use for this purpose than for disease-prevention. |
| WeAc0302 | A LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT OF HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE, RISK, AND BEHAVIOR IN CAMBODIA (2003 – 2005) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0302 Keo P.1, Cheaty L.1, Khim V.1, Chann B.2, O'Connell K.1 Messages should continue to stress the importance of consistent condom use and communicate that all partners pose a risk for HIV/AIDS. Campaigns should continue to reduce stigma related to condom use and foster social support by promoting it as appropriate with all partners, even trusted partners. |
| WeAc0303 | TRENDS IN HIV-RELATED RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG US ADOLESCENTS: 15 YEARS OF PROGRESS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0303 Kann L., Lowry R., Eaton D., Wechsler H. While HIV-related risk behaviors have decreased steadily overall, some subgroups of high school students in the United States may be at increased risk. |
| WeAc0304 | HIV EPIDEMIC STATUS AND BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE AMONG MSM IN CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0304 Xu H.1, Zhang B.2, Zeng Y.3, Li X.2 Though HIV prevalence was relative low in Chinese MSMs, however high-risk sexual behaviors still existed in MSMs. They often practiced unsafe sex. Once HIV enters the MSM population in some cities, it will quickly spread in this group. In addition, MSMs often had sex with females. Virus can transmit between MSMs and prostitutes, then transmit to to general population. Urgent harm reduction program and health education program should be implemented to reduce the epidemic risk of HIV among MSMs. |
| WeAc0305 | SEX WORK TYPOLOGY AND RISK FOR HIV IN FEMALE SEX WORKERS (FSWS): FINDINGS FROM AN INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL ASSESSMENT IN THE SOUTHERN INDIAN STATE OF KARNATAKA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAc0305 Ramesh B.1, Washington R.2, Mondal S.3, Moses S.4, Alary M.5, Blanchard J.F.6 HIV risk among FSWs varies considerably by type of sex work. Preventive interventions for these highly vulnerable individuals must incorporate this information into their designs. |
| Track D | |
| WeAd01 | Economic exclusion, racism and vulnerability |
| WeAd0101 | WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN GRANDMOTHERS DIE? UNPACKING THE GENDER AND GENERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF AIDS AND HOUSEHOLD CHANGES AMONG STREET TRADERS IN DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0101 Chazan M. Older women in this study are unevenly and increasingly burdened by AIDS. As prevalence and unemployment levels rise, they assume ever greater financial and care-taking responsibilities in their families; they are also displaced and chronically ill. Yet, the phenomenon of households pivoting around grandmothers is not new in southern Africa. What is new is AIDS: combining national data with detailed ethnography, this analysis raises questions about what will happen when today's grandmothers die and suggests that the "next generation" of grandmothers may be disappearing. Together, understanding the country's changing demographics, street traders' household dynamics, and older women's vulnerabilities provides key insights into the gender and generational implications of AIDS in this context of rapid urbanization and political-economic change. |
| WeAd0102 | RACISM AND HIV/AIDS: IMPACTS OF RACIALIZED DISCOURSE ON THE DAILY LIVES OF AFRICAN AND CARIBBEAN COMMUNITIES IN TORONTO, CANADA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0102 Gardezi F.1, Calzavara L.1, Lawson E.1, Husbands W.2, Tharao E.3, Willms D.4, George C.5, Myers T.1, Remis R.S.6, Taylor D.7, Adebajo S.1, McGee F.8, Wambayi E.J.9 Representation and discourse around race and HIV/AIDS filters into the daily lives of African and Caribbean people, and resonates with experiences of racism, colonialism and lack of access to resources. Education, policy and institutional practices responding to HIV cannot neglect the ways in which they may perpetuate systems of inequality, furthering HIV stigma. Institutional practices and policies need to be informed by the lived experiences of African and Caribbean people and their critiques of dominant discourses. |
| WeAd0103 | HIV VACCINE CONCERNS AND MISTRUST AMONG VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES: TOWARDS PROACTIVE, CULTURALLY-APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS (PROJECT VIBE) Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0103 Newman P.A.1, Cunningham W.E.2, Lee S.-J.3, Seiden D.3, Duan N.3 Widespread HIV vaccine concerns, misconceptions and mistrust among vulnerable communities present formidable challenges to HIV vaccine dissemination, and may thereby compromise the effectiveness of vaccines in controlling the AIDS pandemic. Culturally-appropriate, empirically-based individual- and community-level interventions are essential to address HIV vaccine concerns and mistrust before an approved vaccine becomes pubicly available. |
| WeAd0104 | DETERMINANTS OF HIV-RISK BEHAVIOR IN REFUGEES FROM AFRICA RESIDING IN SWEDEN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0104 Steel J.1, Dunlavy A.2, Herlitz C.3, Theorell T.4 HIV/AIDS prevention interventions should be culturally sensitive and address specific determinants of risk behavior of that population. |
| WeAd0105 | THE CHALLENGE OF PROVIDING ADEQUATE INFANT NUTRITION FOLLOWING EARLY BREASTFEEDING CESSATION BY HIV-POSITIVE, FOOD-INSECURE MOZAMBICAN MOTHERS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0105 Johnson W.1, Alons C.2, Fidalgo L.3, Piwoz E.4, Kahn S.5, Macombe A.6, Catarina R.7, Briend A.8, Lovich R.9, Warming E.10, Floriano F.1, Chavane V.10 EBC is likely to increase the risk of malnutrition among already vulnerable infants from food insecure families. Specialized replacement foods and/or increased access to maternal ARV treatment are needed to protect child health and survival in areas affected by chronic and seasonal food shortages. |
| WeAd02 | Young People and Sexuality: The Unspoken and the Taboo |
| WeAd0201 | SURVEY OF CHILD SEX TOURISM ON THE KENYAN COAST - PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0201 Jones C.S.1, Ferguson A.2, Mirikau A.3, Dunn J.3 The study demonstrates that it is possible to collect accurate data in difficult-to-reach populations using a combination of traditional and innovative methodologies. It further demonstrates that policy and interventions are frequently based on the false premise that there is a collective repudiation of child sex tourism as a practice. This suggests the need for a radically new approach to curbing child sex tourism. |
| WeAd0202 | ADOLESCENT MSM IN JAMAICA-HIV RISK, HOMOPHOBIA, VIOLENCE AND GENDER STEREOTYPES IN RELATIONSHIPS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0202 Haniff N. This very complex and troubling behavior among many of these youths is directly related to their high HIV infection rates and stifling homophobia More research and good interventions are urgently needed. |
| WeAd0203 | ANAL INTERCOURSE AMONG YOUNG HETEROSEXUALS IN THREE US STD CLINIC POPULATIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0203 Gorbach P.M.1, Manhart L.E.2, Stoner B.P.3, Martin D.H.4 Anal intercourse is common among young heterosexuals attending STD clinics and few report using condoms. Those who practice anal intercourse report other sexual risks such as sex work suggesting a confluence of risks for HIV infection among young heterosexuals practicing anal intercourse. |
| WeAd0204 | HIV RISKS AMONG YOUNG MALE MIGRANTS USING HEROIN IN HANOI, VIETNAM Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0204 Giang L.M.1, Clatts M.C.2, Goldsamt L.A.2, Yi H.2, Son N.M.1 Young men migrating to urban cities in Southeast Asia like Hanoi for wage labor are clearly at risk of HIV infection. Many are missing in prevention programs that have difficulties in even reaching local residents. The confluence of both drug and sexual risks reflects the complex vulnerability that exists in this population group and the urgent need for prevention programming targeting both drug and sexual risks. |
| WeAd0205 | URBAN YOUTH CULTURES, MASCULINITY AND SEXUAL RISK Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0205 Munoz-Laboy M. The notion of citizenship and rights seem to be influenced by a notion of the "real Hip Hop" and no by other forms of youth culture. The above findings suggest that understanding cultural narratives of masculinity is critical to advance an effective social agenda that promotes gender equity and sexual health among urban youth. |
| WeAd03 | Civil Society Institutions: Caught Between Stigma and Social Responsability |
| WeAd0301 | INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR IN COMBATING HIV/AIDS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0301 Blackett-Dibinga K.1, Anah K.1, Matinhure N.2 Governments and organizations should consider such innovations that address the needs of the entire communities in order to address the needs of vulnerable groups, especially OVC. |
| WeAd0302 | CHANGES IN ASSOCIATIONAL COMMITMENT IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS IN SWITZERLAND Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0302 Voegtli M., Horat S. This historical and comparative study helps us to understand the commitment principles of people involved in associations fighting against HIV/AIDS. This study is particularly important in order to understand the demobilization observed in swiss associations since the introduction of HAART. |
| WeAd0303 | BUDDHISM AS A SUPPORT MECHANISM FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN VIETNAM Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0303 Tran N.T. Providing support through religious institutions is an effective approach in supporting PLWHA and educating the community. Religious leaders have an important role to play in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic as compassionate, accepting and influential leaders in society. Building the capacity and strengthening HIV knowledge within religious institutions will provide increased access to support for PLWHA and will contribute towards reducing stigma and discrimination in society. Encouraging PLWHA to look to the pagoda for support will help them have a more positive outlook and can restore hope. |
| WeAd0304 | DOES THE CHURCH DELIVER? PERCEPTIONS AMONGST SOUTH AFRICANS ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN THE HIV/AIDS FIELD Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0304 Van Dyk P. The church is considered an important support system to HIV-positive people by most South Africans, although some participants thought that the church could do more. Although attitudes towards HIV-positive people and condom usage were mostly positive, negative attitudes were sometimes more prevalent amongst active church members and certain categories of people. |
| WeAd0305 | ASIAN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS IN NEW YORK CITY (NYC): BARRIERS TO INVOLVEMENT IN HIV-RELATED ACTIVITIES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0305 Chin J.J.1, Mantell J.2, Weiss L.1 Understanding the barriers to immigrant organizations' involvement in HIV intervention is a key step in engaging them in HIV-related activities. Given the growing HIV problem in Asian immigrant communities, involvement of these organizations is critical to raising awareness and combating stigma. |
| WeAd04 | The Old and the New: Culture, Communication and HIV Prevention |
| WeAd0401 | REDEFINING AIDS PREVENTION STRATEGIES AMONG YOUTH IN THE MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF GUATEMALA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0401 Ikeda J., Yac J., López Tellez C.A. It is important to involve youth representatives in redefining AIDS Prevention Strategies in Multi-cultural countries such as Guatemala. |
| WeAd0402 | BREAKING THE BARRIER: USING TRADITIONAL APPROACHES IN HIV/AIDS PREVENTION FOR MOBILE HERDSMEN AND INITIATES IN LESOTHO Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0402 Ochan W.1, Maketha D.2, Hachonda H.3 This approach offers lessons for integrating HIV/AIDS prevention messages in traditional communication channel in reaching rural and pastoral communities more effectively; through their language and design, adapted to their situation and life style. |
| WeAd0403 | CULTURAL RESPONSES TO THE AIDS EPIDEMIC IN UGANDA: THE CHANGING ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS PROVIDING SEXUAL ADVICE TO YOUTH IN TWO PERI-URBAN SETTINGS IN SOUTHWESTERN UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0403 Mbonye M.1, Wolff B.1, Bufumbo L.1, Ssejjaaka P.1, Grosskurth H.2 HIV/AIDS awareness and urban migration are eroding old taboos against direct discussion between parents and children on sexual issues and catalyzing new approaches to informal sex education such as urban aunties for informal sex education. Rise of new traditions reflect continued demand among youth for advice from trusted elders. Greater involvement of different stakeholders should be encouraged to reinforce AIDS prevention messages to reach mobile youth in high-risk environments. |
| WeAd0404 | DYNAMICS IN HIV/AIDS COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE DATOGA SPEAKING PEOPLE, NORTHERN TANZANIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0404 Nyoni J. As such we suggest that "interventionists" need to take more seriously social and contextual variables in the communication process. In addition, demystification of HIV/AIDS among indigenous groups like the Datoga would open a common platform whereby conceivers and recipients of HIV/AIDS information would to a large extend be talking about the same thing. |
| WeAd0405 | USING CULTURE TO FIGHT CULTURE: PREVENTING HIV TRANSMISSION BY CHANGING HARMFUL PRACTICES SURROUNDING CIRCUMCISION OF YOUNG MEN IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAd0405 Lake P.1, Hakim W.2 The model that will be presented may be applied in settings where harmful traditional practices exists, and suitable cultural mechanisms are available or can be developed. Further efforts should be put into building models of cultural-participatory monitoring. |
| Track E | |
| WeAe01 | Routine and Rapid HIV Testing |
| WeAe0101 | ROUTINE TESTING: ARE WE READY TO THROW HUMAN RIGHTS OUT OF HIV TESTING POLICY? Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0101 Csete J., Elliott R. Research is urgently needed on the real experience of both VCT and provider-initiated models. This research must meaningfully involve people living with HIV and others who have experienced HIV testing, especially womem tested in antenatal care. |
| WeAe0102 | FCS IN FACILITATION OF VCCT GUIDELINES FOR CHURCHES IN NIGERIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0102 Musa S.A.U.1, Akpo O. E.2, Zakka A.1, Udeoba E. S.3, Mershak B. D. P.4 Church policy development initiatives should emphasise on involvement of all key stakeholders, especially youth and women. |
| WeAe0103 | THE NATIONAL SCALE-UP OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING (VCT) IN KENYA HAS POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE IN THE COUNSELING ROOM Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0103 Hamilton C.1, Okoko D.2, Tolhurst R.3, Kilonzo N.2, Theobald S.4, Taegtmeyer M.5 Despite a strong focus on quality assurance and supervision in many VCT sites, the study demonstrates the potential for abuse in the VCT process. This has important implications for policymakers. Further debate around this issue and the application of ethical guidelines and codes of conduct are urgently needed to ensure the protection of clients and providers in the scale-up of VCT and wider HIV/AIDS treatment and care programmes. |
| WeAe0104 | IMPACT OF ROUTINE HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING WITH AN OPT-OUT STRATEGY COMPARED TO VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PMTCT SERVICES, LILONGWE, MALAWI Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0104 Zimba C.1, Kamanga E.1, Chilongozi D.1, Martinson F.1, Kayambo F.2, Meme J.3, Hoffman I.4, van der Horst C.4 The opt-out approach to HIV counseling and testing was responsible for a 22.5% increase in testing among this antenatal population. It is an acceptable and effective strategy to provide HIV counseling and testing among women attending antenatal clinics in Malawi. |
| WeAe0105 | COUNSELING IN THE USE OF ANTI-HIV RAPID TEST: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE BRAZILIAN AIDS PROGRAM Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0105 Serafim D., Ferraz D., Chequer P. Training should emphasize the attention to specific vulnerabilities, include simulated use of the protocol and qualify the relationship between professional and service user. It should include practical exercise of counseling and cases discussion. Counseling protocol for primary care services should be simplified facilitating its insertion in the routine. Periodic monitoring is essential to reinforce service training thus increasing the staff's confidence and ability and guaranteeing the quality of counseling. |
| WeAe02 | Young People Control the Future of the Response! |
| WeAe0201 | JOINT RESPONSIBILITY - JOINT ACTION: CHINA YOUTH NETWORK, A YOUTH-ADULTS PARTNERSHIP IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0201 Hang C. Young people are the main force and the biggest beneficiary in the fight against HIV/AIDS, especially in a country with a large territory and population of young people like China, where the epidemic is increasing dramatically. However, though the rights of young people are gradually recognized, still huge amount of them don't have access to information and services and are neglected in programs and decision-making at all levels. |
| WeAe0202 | ADOLESCENT PEER EDUCATION: THE NEED FOR FAMILY LIFE AND SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RELATED EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING LIFE SKILL IN BANGLADESH Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0202 Hasan K. In order to help adolescents earn some means of an income, it is mandatory to give them some type of vocational training. It is not enough to only make sure they participate in peer education programs and acquire vocational training but also to use their acquired knowledge. Therefore, micro credit scheme may be introduced. |
| WeAe0203 | STRENGTHENING YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (RH)/HIV/AIDS RESPONSES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0203 Mahler H., Vasileva-Blazev M. Greater efforts to meaningfully involve youth should be made as it improves the relevance and technical approach to national processes and strategic planning. |
| WeAe0204 | ELECTED YOUTH LEADERS FROM THE POOR REGION OF MINDANAO, THE PHILIPPINES CLAIM THEIR RIGHT TO SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION AND SERVICES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0204 Datoy M.V.1, Amomonpon D.L.2 Scaling up is indeed a possibility but may seem relevant only in areas which have the same conditions and characteristics as this region. |
| WeAe0205 | Discussant: Sam Ocen, Uganda Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAe0205 Sam Ocen, Uganda Abstract not available. |
| Track X | |
| WeAx01 | Young People Control the Future of the Response! |
| WeAx0101 | SEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS C AMONG HIV-INFECTED MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN ENGLAND AND WALES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0101 S. Dougan1, M. Balogun2, J. Elford3, L. Brant2, K. Sinka1, B. Evans1, M. Ramsay2 Using national surveillance data in E&W, only 31 MSM co-diagnosed with HIV and hepatitis C were identified. Clinic studies indicate that this is an underestimate of sexually-transmitted hepatitis C among HIV-infected MSM in E&W. Sentinel surveillance data however, indicate that a substantial number of HIV-diagnosed MSM tested hepatitis C positive in E&W during 2003, and that co-infection is not confined to London. |
| WeAx0102 | EFFICACY OF A 24 WEEK COURSE OF ACUTE HCV TREATMENT WITH PEG-INTERFERON A-2B AND RIBAVIRIN IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0102 Kruk A., Polovinkina N. After 24 week of acute HCV treatment with peg-interferon and ribavirin the majority of treated patients (94%) achieved sustained virological response (negative qualitative HCV RNA 24 weeks after the end of treatment). |
| WeAx0103 | HIGH LEVELS OF RISK IN YOUNG OFFENDERS: AN EPIDEMIC IN THE MAKING – RESULTS OF THE ONTARIO HIV AND HEPATITIS C REMAND STUDY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0103 Calzavara L.1, Ramuscak N.1, Burchell A.1, Myers T.1, Swantee C.2, Ford P.3, Raymond S.4 Despite low HIV and HCV prevalence rates, young offenders are engaging in high-risk behaviours. Unavailability of harm reduction measures in correctional facilities increase the level of risk. Targeted prevention and education programs are needed to ensure that prevalence of blood-borne infections remain at the current low level. |
| WeAx0104 | PREVALENCE OF HIV, HEPATITIS B & C AND SYPHILIS INFECTION SUBSTANCE USERS IN ZANZIBAR TANZANIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0104 Dahoma M.1, Salim A.A.1, Abdool R.2, Othman A.A.1, Nganga L.3, Abdullah A.4, Kibuka T.3, Ali A.S.1 Injection drug use and needle-sharing are common among SUs in Zanzibar resulting in high prevalence of blood-borne infections. IDU could present a bridging population for HIV spread into the general population in Zanzibar, and interventions are critically needed to prevent this spread. |
| WeAx0105 | REDUCING HIV/HEPATITIS CO-INFECTION IN EUROPE Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0105 Eramova I.1, Munz M.1, Salmon D.2, Malkin J.-E.3 After the protocols, the next steps should include increasing access to the prevention and treatment of hepatitis by raising awareness of hepatitis morbidity as a public health issue, through the development of a price reduction strategy for anti-hepatitis drugs and diagnostics, and increasing access to the HBV vaccination. |
| WeAx0106 | NON-MEDICAL STAFF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PROFICIENCY ABOUT HIV AND HEPATITIS C FOR INJECTION DRUG USERS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0106 Rowe K.1, Tesoriero J.1, Heavner K.1, Rothman J.2, Litwin A.3, Birkhead G.2 This study demonstrated that individuals providing HIV services to IDUs have lower knowledge, less favorable attitudes and lower self-rated proficiency towards HCV than they have towards HIV. These barriers should be addressed prior to integrating HCV services into settings already providing HIV services. |
| WeAx02 | Education and AIDS: challenges and possibilities |
| WeAx0201 | ASSESSING GLOBAL READINESS OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR TO MANAGE AND MITIGATE HIV AND AIDS IMPACT Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0201 Badcock-Walters P.1, Boler T.2, Carroll K.2, Desmond C.1, Görgens M.1, Heard W.1, Jellema A.3, Kelly M.4, Smart R.1, Wilson D.1, Draxler A.5, Castle C.5, Sass J.5 To institutionalise comprehensive, inclusive responses, MoEs and civil society need to better understand and benchmark the impact of HIV/AIDS on education; identify key problems and omissions in the Sector response; and develop and implement policy and comprehensive, strategic, time-bound plans. |
| WeAx0202 | HIV/AIDS AND TEACHER ABSENTEEISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR ATTAINMENT OF QUALITY EDUCATION IN UGANDA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0202 Twesigye P. HIV/AIDS has impacted on the education sector in Uganda through keeping a big number of teachers absent from work not only for many days but also for long and extended periods. Due to Stigma, many teachers suffer. While they may be physically present at school and in classrooms, they are spiritually absent. |
| WeAx0203 | CAPACITY BUILDING FOR HIV POSITIVE TEACHERS (KENEPOTE) IN KENYA'S EDUCATION SECTOR Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0203 Lawson P.J.1, Siparo A.2, Gatua E.2, Wambete M.3, Ouko E.3, Atieno J.4 HIV positive teachers face extreme stigma and discrimination in the education sector. Teachers can play a role to decrease stigma and discrimination, support children and change the way the education sector addresses HIV. |
| WeAx0204 | ARE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS READY TO ACCEPT LESSONS ON HIV/AIDS?: EXPERIENCES FROM BANGLADESH Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0204 Ahmed L.1, Ahmed N.U.1, Khan S.I.2, Ali K.B.1, Rasheduzzaman Shah M.1, Chowdhury A.Y.3 Because of preoccupied etic notions of sensitivities, issues related to sexuality and HIV/AIDS receive inadequate attention at educational institutes. However, when well-designed initiatives are taken for actions after providing training to teachers on technical content as well as the methods of initiation of discussion, most of the teachers and students support 'open and free' discussions on so called 'sensitive' issues at classroom settings. This has challenged our conventional views about 'silence' regarding sexuality and given social space to rethink for scaling-up sexuality education program at national level. |
| WeAx0205 | LEADING THE WAY IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR: ADVOCATING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO HIV AND AIDS IN THE CARIBBEAN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0205 Constantine C. Replicating this campaign with Ministries of Education throughout the Caribbean region, will help senior level decision makers understand and address the impact of HIV and AIDS on schools, teachers and society. |
| WeAx03 | Women: Doing Better than Men? |
| WeAx0301 | FOOD INSUFFICIENCY PREDICTS HIGH-RISK SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG WOMEN BUT NOT MEN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0301 Weiser S.1, Leiter K.2, Heisler M3, Percy-de Korte F.4, Hlanze Z.5, DeMonner S.6, Tlou S.7, Phaladze N.7, Iacopino V.2, Bangsberg D.8 Food insufficiency is an important risk factor for increased sexual risk taking among women in Southern Africa. Targeted food assistance and income generation programs may play an important future role in decreasing transmission risk for women. |
| WeAx0302 | DISCLOSURE OF HIV STATUS AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN: FACTORS THAT IMPEDE DISCLOSURE AND SUBSEQUENT REPERCUSSIONS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0302 Forsyth B.1, Visser M.2, Makin J.D.3, De Villiers A.4, Jeffery B.3, Serithi Despite common perceptions, the majority of HIV+ women (81%) do disclose their diagnosis to others, and few experience repercussions. This greater understanding about the consequences of knowing one's HIV status should help promote wider HIV testing. |
| WeAx0303 | REPEAT PREGNANCY IN INDIAN WOMEN WITH KNOWN HIV STATUS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0303 Suryavanshi N.1, Erande A.1, Pisal H.1, Shankar A.2, Phadke M.3, Bolinger R.4, Ssatry J.1, BJ JHU MIT study group, Pune, India The majority of the repeat pregnancies for HIV-positive women were both unplanned and unwanted. Inabilities to terminate the pregnancy and family pressure appear to drive repeat pregnancy in HIV-positive Indian women. Interventions focused on contraception negotiation skills to empower HIV-positive women and involving partners and family, when possible, in postpartum counseling are important to assist women who don't want to become pregnant again. |
| WeAx0304 | HIV-1 POSITIVE RWANDAN WOMEN HAVE A HIGH FREQUENCY OF LONG-TERM SURVIVAL: 20-YEAR FOLLOW-UP FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0304 Peters P.1, Meinzen-Derr J.2, Karita E.3, Kayitenkore K.3, Kim D.-J.4, Tichacek A.5, Allen S.5, and the Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group (www.rzhrg.org) HIV positive Rwandan women have higher rates of long-term survival than predicted by current natural history models of HIV infection in Africa. The majority of these long-term survivors, however, still have evidence of disease progression. |
| WeAx0305 | MORTALITY AMONG PARTICIPANTS IN THE MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT STUDY (MACS) AND THE WOMEN'S INTERAGENCY HIV STUDY (WIHS): IMPACT OF ACCIDENTS AND INJURY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0305 Cohen M.1, Kalinowski A.2, Mullen J.3, Palella F.4, Anastos K.5, Benning L.3, Hessol N.2 The higher risk of deaths from injury and accident among women in WIHS compared to men in MACS warrants further study. The characteristics identified may help target groups and interventions to reduce accidental and injury-related deaths. |
| WeAx04 | Risk and Risk Reduction for Female Sex Workers |
| WeAx0401 | RESEARCH ON HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIORS OF 986 CLIENTS OF SEX WORKERS IN SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0401 Wan S.1, Zhang J.2 Clients surveyed are at risk of HIV infection and transmission. They seldom receive health services and intervent. |
| WeAx0402 | SHORT TERM EFFECT OF A CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN CHINA: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL TRIAL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0402 Li X.1, Wang B.1, Fang X.2, Zhao R.2, Stanton B.1, Hong Y.3, Dong B.4, Liu W.4, Zhou Y.4, Liang S.4, Yang H.1 This quasi-experimental trial provides evidence that the brief VCT intervention, through appropriate cultural adaptation, can be efficacious in increasing condom use and reducing STD infection rate among FSWs in China. |
| WeAx0403 | A JOURNEY OF EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL TRADITIONAL FEMALE SEX WORKERS (RTFSW) IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA: A CASE STUDY FROM RAJASTHAN, INDIA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0403 Mathur A.1, Singh P.2, Moses S.3, Blanchard J.3, O'Neil J.3 Empowering rural traditional female sex workers, their clients and communities to reduce their risk & vulnerability to HIV/AIDS is a unique challenge given historical and cultural conditions. The Saksham project began with an understanding of the rural sex work environment and developed a community relevant HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support program model. |
| WeAx0404 | THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN TRANSACTIONAL SEX IN MALAWI: A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR FOR HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTION DESIGN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0404 Mack N.1, Alleman P.1, Chaponda M.2, Bula A.2, Hoffman I.3, MacQueen K.1 HIV prevention intervention strategies should accommodate alcohol as a significant risk factor. Alcohol impairment among FSW and clients necessitates a more aggressive approach to condom promotion at HTAs than might otherwise be considered appropriate. |
| WeAx0405 | MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTION AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS (FSW) AND LONG DISTANCE TRUCK DRIVERS (LDTD) THROUGH CROSS-SECTIONAL MEASUREMENT OF TRENDS OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS IN THE CORRIDORS OF HOPE PROJECT (COH), ZAMBIA 2000 – 2006 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WeAx0405 Kamanga J.1, Ndubani P.2, Siziya S.3, Long L.1 The results of the third trend point among FSW and LDTD will provide a direction to which intervention activities are going. And will provide the basis on which to re-design current HIV/AIDS strategies and intervention aimed at most high risk populations. |
| Poster Exhibitions | |
| Track A – Biology and Pathogenesis of HIV | |
| WePE0001 | ESCAPE FROM AN HLA-B57-RESTRICTED CTL RESPONSE IN CAPSID REDUCES HIV-1 FITNESS AND RT EFFICIENCY Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0001 M.A. Brockman, A. Schneidewind, M.P. Lahaie, B.D. Walker, T.M. Allen Escape in B57-TW10 reduces HIV-1 replication and associates with an early defect in viral DNA generation. Mutation at T242N mutation can be restored partially by compensatory changes in the CyPA binding loop. Complex phenotypes of T242N-containing mutants in the presence of CSA or As2O3 indicate that the escape and compensatory mutations impact capsid function and may alter sensitivity to host restriction. These results highlight an attractive region of p24 for vaccine design. |
| WePE0002 | EVOLUTION AND COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF HIV-1 IN A DUAL INFECTION WITH SUBTYPES B AND G: FULL-LENGTH SEQUENCES FROM PLASMA, PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS AND HIV-1 PRIMARY ISOLATES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0002 M. Muñoz-Nieto1, L. Pérez-Álvarez1, G. Casado1, M. Thomson1, A. Ocampo2, E. Delgado1, C. Miralles2, E. Vázquez de Parga1, M. Sierra1, R. Carmona1, Y. Vega1, G. Contreras1, L. Medrano1, R. Nájera1 Intercompartment dynamic of HIV-1 populations involved opposite phenotypic and genotypic variants throughout follow up of one B+G dual infection, with generation of different recombinants, suggesting that virus populations in PBMC may reflect the persistence of variants initially transmitted and that may emerge under different selective pressures. |
| WePE0003 | RECOMBINATION AND FITNESS; COULD IT EXPLAIN THE EMERGENCE AND PREDOMINANCE OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT FORM (CRF02_AG) IN WEST AND WEST CENTRAL AFRICA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0003 H.F. Njai1, K.K. Arien2, Y. Gali2, C. Clybergh2, W. Jennes3, N. Vidal4, C. Butel4, E. Mpoudi-Ngolle5, M. Peeters4, G. Vanham2 We observed a higher ex vivo replicative capacity of CRF02_AG isolates, independent of the disease stage and biophenotype but dependent on cellular environment. This fitness advantage may contribute to a dominant spread of CRF02_AG over A and G subtypes in West and West Central Africa. |
| WePE0004 | BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE: MODELLING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN EFFECTIVE SIV GAG-SPECIFIC CD8+ T CELLS AND THE KINETICS OF VIRAL ESCAPE IN MACAQUES Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0004 M.Z. Smith1, L. Loh1, C.S. Fernandez1, C.J. Batten1, B. Pratt1, I. Stratov1, R. De Rose1, J. Lin1, D.H. O'Connor2, M.P. Davenport3, A.G. Brooks1, S.J. Kent1 SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses force viral escape in different ways. We hypothesise that the rate of escape reflects the efficiency of particular T cell responses in eliminating wild-type virus. This suggests that the relative effectiveness of various SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses is KP9>AF9>KW9. This is the first in vivo definition of the comparative effectiveness of different T cell responses for SIV. Inducing the most efficient T cell responses in designing HIV vaccines could substantially improve their efficacy. |
| WePE0005 | VARIANTS OF DIFFERING REPLICATION CAPACITY (FITNESS) CO-EXIST IN THE QUASISPECIES POPULATIONS OF VIRUSES RESISTANT TO A SMALL MOLECULE CCR5 INHIBITOR Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0005 K.G. Anastasopoulou1, A.J. Marozsan1, A. Matet1, A.D. Snyder1, E.J. Arts2, S.E. Kuhmann1, J.P. Moore1 Clonal variants with either increased or decreased fitness can co-exist in populations of viruses resistant to a small molecule CCR5 inhibitor when the selecting compound is absent. In the presence of the inhibitor, all the variants are more fit than the parental, inhibitor-sensitive virus. |
| WePE0006 | DETERMINATION OF EX-VIVO FITNESS OF DIFFERENT HIV-1 SUBTYPES AND INTERSUBTYPE BF RECOMBINANTS CIRCULATING IN ARGENTINA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0006 A.E. Rubio1, A. Abraha2, R.M. Troyer2, G. Turk1, E.J. Arts2, H. Salomón1 These findings suggest that although subtype F has a higher fitness than subtype B, the recombination event between these subtypes did not increase the replicative capacity of the BF recombinant in PBMCs. These results further emphasize low fitness of the subtype C, which is now beginning to circulate in Argentina. |
| WePE0007 | MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIMARY ALLELES OF THE HIV-1 VPR PROTEIN DURING THE NATURAL COURSE OF INFECTION Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0007 G. Jacquot1, E. Le Rouzic1, V. Daneluzzi1, J.-J. Lefrere2, L. Morand-Joubert3, S. Benichou4 The characterization of the vpr alleles from a large number of HIV-1-infected patients is in progress to evaluate the potential impact of the Vpr protein as a virulence factor during the natural course of infection. |
| WePE0008 | MULTI-SITE TISSUE AUTOPSY SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA AND AIDS RELATED LYMPHOMA SHOW DISTINCT PATTERNS OF HIV EVOLUTION IN VIVO Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0008 D. Galligan1, S.L. Lamers2, L. Zhao3, S. Yu4, L. Shagrun5, T. De Oliveira6, M. Salemi7, M.S. McGrath8 The study shows a conservation of ARL HIV between metastatic sites suggesting a critical role for either an ARL specific form of HIV or an expanded macrophage population spreading a homogenous form of HIV DNA. The study provides the basis for a new method to examine the metastatic process via the evolution of a well characterized virus. |
| WePE0009 | EVOLUTION AND SELECTION IN HIV-1 POL Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0009 R. Pilon1, A. Burchell2, S. Read3, L. Calzavara2, P. Sandstrom1, Polaris HIV Study Team The evolution of HIV-1 pol nucleotide sequences was largely confined to synonymous sites, suggesting that pol has been maintained at a relatively stable fitness peak over the past 20 years, even with the widespread introduction of ART within this population. Although individual codons within the RT and PR genes are under positive selection in the Polaris cohort, most were also being selected prior to ART becoming available. This suggests that the evolution of HIV-1 pol has been influenced by selective pressures other than the widespread use of ART. |
| WePE0010 | PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GAG AND ENV SUBGENOMIC REGIONS FROM HIV-1 ISOLATES IDENTIFIED IN MASHHAD, IRAN Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0010 H.R. Naderi1, M. Tagliamonte2, M.L. Tornesello2, M. Ciccozzi3, G. Rezza3, R. Farid4, F.M. Buonaguro2, L. Buonaguro2 The phylogenetic analysis of 12 HIV-1 Iranian samples, identified in Mashhad, suggests an A subtype-driven epidemics deriving from the African and not from the Middle-East Countries A-subtype. The clustering pattern and the nucleotide divergence values suggest a recent introduction of the HIV-1 infection in this community. Moreover, the phylogenetic correlation with sequences from Teheran suggest a common origin of the HIV-1 epidemics in the two cities. These first data on HIV-1 subtypes in Iran could represent the starting point for a wider molecular survey to trace the HIV-1 epidemics in the Iranian and Middle-East region. |
| WePE0011 | COMPARATIVE DATA SUMMARY OF THE EFOORA RAPID HIV DIAGNOSTIC TEST Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0011 D. Grosky1, R. Rubenstein2 That the Efoora HIV Rapid Test is used in all settings and in all instances where currently the Aboott Laboratories enzyme immunoassay is used. |
| WePE0012 | CHARACTERIZATION OF CTL IMMUNE RESPONSES TO GAG AND NEF PROTEIN OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE C IN INFECTED INDIAN INDIVIDUALS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0012 M. Vajpayee1, S. Mendiratta1, U. Malhotra2, K. Mojumdar1 Correlations observed for Gag and Nef specific T cell responses with plasma viral load would have implications for future vaccine design and trial. All the identified immunodominant regions also correlated with HIV Immunology database (Los Alamos) indicating the importance of Gag and Nef-specific responses in multi-clade vaccine approach. |
| WePE0013 | CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV-1 GAG SPECIFIC T CELL IMMUNE RESPONSES AND CORRELATION WITH PLASMA VIREMIA IN INFECTED INDIAN INDIVIDUALS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0013 M. Vajpayee1, S. Kaushik1, K. Mojumdar1, N. Wig2 The results reflect the inability of HIV-1-specific T cell responses to control viral replication during chronic infection in absence of IL-2 help that leads to the probable dysfunction of IFN-γ secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The identification of these responses at single peptide level across HIV-1 subtype C infected Indian population and correlation with the data from Caucasian population may provide useful insight for the design of new immunotherapies and vaccines for effective control of HIV-1 infection. |
| WePE0014 | LOW CMV-SPECIFIC CD4+ T CELL RESPONSES IN HIV PATIENTS RECEIVING EFFECTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOW NUMBERS OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0014 S. Fernandez1, S. Stone1, P. Price1, M. French2 HIV patients who have increased CD4+ T cell counts on long-term effective ART have low numbers of pDC, which are associated with low CMV-specific CD4+ T cell IFN-γ responses. These findings suggest that inefficient priming and stimulation of antigen-specific T cell populations may be one mechanism by which the reconstitution of antigen-specific T cell responses is hindered in HIV patients receiving ART. |
| WePE0015 | CD31 NEGATIVE NAÏVE CD4+ T CELLS ARE DEPLETED IN HIV-1 INFECTION AND ARE PERMISSIVE TO INFECTION WITH BOTH R5 AND X4 USING HIV-1 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0015 F. Wightman1, A. Solomon1, P. Cameron1, S. Lewin2 Naïve CD4+ T cells expressing platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) have been shown to be recent thymic emigrants. Naïve CD4+ T cells that lose CD31 have proliferated in the periphery in the absence of T cell receptor stimulation and are the subset of naïve cells most frequently infected by HIV-1 in vivo. We hypothesised that in the setting of CD4+ T cell depletion secondary to HIV-1 infection, the pool of CD31 negative naïve CD4+ T cells would be expanded and serve as targets for HIV infection. |
| WePE0016 | HIV-1 INFECTION DOWNREGULATES CELLULAR TELOMERASE ACTIVITY AT NUCLEAR COMPARTMENT OF LYMPHOBLASTOID T CELLS Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0016 R. Reynoso, L. Minces, L. Cassino, H. Salomón, J. Quarleri HIV-1 infection is able to downregulate telomerase activity in the nuclear compartment of lymphoblastoid cells. This effect has not emerged by impact on its components -hTERT and hTR- at transcriptional level neither affected the telomere length but exhibited abnormal enzymatic cellular re-distribution. This hypothesis might shed new light on HIV-1 pathogenesis. |
| WePE0017 | CHARACTERISATION OF NEAR FULL-LENGTH GENOMES OF SUBSUBTYPE A3 AND A3/CRF02_AG RECOMBINANT FORMS IN GHANA Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0017 E. Delgado1, W. Ampofo2, K. Torpey3, E. Ugly-Kwame2, M. Sierra1, M. Muñoz1, Y.D. Mukadi3, C. Nyarko4, E. Vázquez de Parga1, Y. Vega1, R. Asare5, R. Amenyah3, R. Carmona1, G. Casado1, M. Thomson1, R. Nájera1 Seven near full-length genomes from HIV-1 samples from Ghana have been characterised. These genomes involve subsubtype A3, either alone or as part or intersubtype recombinants with CRF02_AG. The same recombinant pattern shared by three samples could define a new CRF. The unique recombinant patterns found in the other two viruses are derived from dual infections in an area where CRF02_AG, the predominant genetic form, co circulates with A3. Phylogenetic analyses of A3 suggest that A3 viruses might represent an A1 variant which circulates in West African countries, and it is more frequently found as intersubtype A3/CRF02_AG recombinants than as pure A3 viruses. |
| WePE0018 | HIV-1 SUBTYPE A IS THE DOMINANT CLADE IN GREECE IN HIV-1 NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS DURING 2004 Int Conf AIDS. 2006 Aug 13-18;16:Abstract No. WePE0018 D. Paraskevis1, E. Magiorkinis1, G. Magiorkinis1, V. Sypsa1, V. Paparizos2, C. Botsi2, N. Stavrianeas2, M. Lazanas3, M. Chini3, N. Mangafas3, P. Gargalianos4, M. Lelekis4, G. Chilome |